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|31 Reviews
|Half Baths
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 nights
Jorns Harbor Retreat is an Executive-Style (1546 Sq. Ft) Home Nestled in the Pines, Cedars and Birches on the Shores of Green Bay in Little Harbor, 7 Miles North of Sturgeon Bay. The Green Bay Waters of Door County are usually Calmer and Warmer than on the Lakeside. Dining at Fine Area Restaurants, Shopping at Local Specialty Shops and Golf Courses are Just Minutes Away.
Bring Your Entire Family for a Door County Getaway. Everyone will enjoy the 110 Feet of Shore and 60 Foot Dock for Sunning, Swimming and Relaxing. There is a Paddle Boat at the Beach, and Bean Bag Game and Pool Table in Garage For Your Use.
There is Lawn Furniture, including Picnic Table for your use. You can enjoy the Quiet Woods while relaxing on the Porch or the Sandy Beach. Enjoy the Beachside Fire-pit for Evening Bonfires with a drink and your loved ones while viewing the Gorgeous Sunset over the water..
The George Pinney Park is within walking distance. There is plenty to see and do during your stay, but we also encourage you to Relax and have some Fun Moments with your own Family and Friends. That's what the 'Retreat' in Jorns Harbor Retreat is All About.
Keywords: 'JORNS HARBOR RETREAT' is an Executive style waterfront home.
CANCELLATION POLICY: A deposit less $25 handling fee will be refunded only upon notice of cancellation received at least 14 days prior to scheduled arrival. Cancellations received within the 14 days of scheduled arrival are nonrefundable.
DEPOSIT POLICY: A deposit of 50 percent of the total charge by check is required within 10 days of the time the reservation is made. All rates are subject to change without notice.
We are Smoke Free and there are No Pets Allowed.
We were both born and raised in Door County. With the exception of three years living in Milwaukee, we have always resided in Door County.
DONNA JORNS purchased this house in 2004
The house was built in 1974 by Harvey and Margaret Jorns,(Parents of the Current Owners) Harvey and Donna Jorns. The Property has always been enjoyed by all Siblings and Their Children. In 2004 Harvey and Donna purchased it from the Family Estate. We have always loved the Location, Waterviews, and Shore Frontage. We Feel Very Blessed and are Grateful to Share the 'Retreat' With Others.
We Use the House As Often As Possible. During the Christmas Holidays, Our Entire Family Arrives Home. We Love the Open Concept of the House and Are Able to Have a Formal Sit-Down Christmas Dinner for 21-24 people. We Enoy the Water Views from the Living Room, Dining Room, Kitchen, Great Room and Master Bedroom. During the Winter There is Always Something (Animals) or Someone (Ice Fishermen, Snowmobilers etc) on the Bay. And in the Summer All Water Activities are Viewed by Everyone.
Although we've been coming up to Door County for many years, this is our 2nd year staying here. We absolutely love it. The Jorns think of everything, from the coffee provided to the hand soaps in the bathrooms and most everything in between. The place is immaculate when you get here and all you have to do is unpack and start having fun. We will be back!!!!!
We have been staying in Door Co. rentals for 39 years. This was by far the best. The location is excellent--not too far from grocery stores. The property is well-maintained by owners who live nearby. Every amenity is provided, including laundry facilities, a dishwasher, garbage disposal and garage. The neighborhood is quiet and great for walking or biking. Toss in water views, a big front porch, a fire pit with good-quality wood, and unobstructed sunset views--what more could you ask?
In my last review, I ran out of room b/c there is just too many wonderful things to say about this place. Donna and Harvey were so kind, welcoming, and helpful. Harvey brought down the paddle boat which was so nice b/c it would have been hard for us to carry it down. They also put together a folder of suggested things to do & where everything is and brochures of Door County. She also had a grocery card for discounts which was great to save a little. Also we have T-mobile, so no cell service, so it was nice they provided a phone card which came in handy. They did have internet service which was helpful in planning our days out in Door County. We had so much fun that we didn't want to go home. Donna was so nice to let us stay an extra day since they didn't have anyone coming to stay for another day. We were so appreciative that we could stay another day and extend our trip. The place had a garage so we could park our car inside. They also had tons of lawn chairs, swim noodles, life jackets, sand toys, S'more pokers (and other things to cook over the fire), bean bag toss, etc. My girls also found some raspberries which were fun to pick. It was great grilling out and relaxing. The beach was pretty perfect. I always usually wear water shoes b/c I hate touching the stuff at the bottom of lakes, but here I didn't have to wear any shoes since it was so sandy and clean. There was some shade on the shoreline which was nice since I had a young baby and didn't want him to be in the sun. We were a little worried about sharing the dock with the owners, but it wasn't a problem at all. Harvey loves to fish, so he may bring down his boat and put it in the water, but he took it out each night. His truck and trailer were parked out of the way, so the kids could play on the beach. If you are questioning where to stay in Door County, you should pick this place. We will definitely stays here again when we come back to Door County. This is such a great place for families. We absolutely love it here. Best private beach in Door County. We can't say enough about just how wonderful this place is. Our favorite things: having fires every night & watching the sunset, jumping the waves, fishing on the paddle boat, going to the drive-in movie theater, painting at Hands on Art Studio, bottle feeding the goats & milking the goats at The Farm, Whitefish Dunes Beach, hiking at Cave's Point, goats on the roof (Sister Bay), Pinnuesula Park, lighthouses in Sturgeon Bay.
My family and I stayed at the Jorns Harbor Retreat the last week in July. This place was just perfect for our family of 5. We have a baby, 3 year old and 5 year old. We love the set-up of the cottage with the three bedrooms and two pack-n-plays were great. Like the other reviews said, Donna and Harvey have thought of everything. The place was very clean. The kitchen was fully stock with dishes, silverware, baking items, spices, trash bags, dish soap, dishwasher soap, and little baggies, etc. This was so nice not to have to bring all of these items. Also the place has a washer and dryer. I didn't think we would need this, but we used it every day. It was so nice to clean our towels after being out on the beach. We also came home and had no laundry to do which was great. The bathroom was also in a great location right next to the back door, so we could come off of the sandy beach and put out kids right in the tub to get cleaned off. I was a little worried about no A/C since it gets so hot in the middle of the summer, but it wasn't a problem at all. All you had to do was open your windows at night and a cool breeze would come off the bay. Also each room had a ceiling fan which was great. This place is in a great location on the Bay side just north of Sturgeon Bay and just south of Egg Harbor. All the action is on the Bay side and the water is a lot warmer which is great for young kids. It about 5-10 minutes away from Walmart and a grocery story which was nice and 15 minutes from Egg Harbor and maybe 30 minutes to Fish Creek. This place had the most beautiful sunsets every night. We loved watching the sunset and roasting S'mores on the fire. They provided all the wood you need for the fire and they have a great dock with a ladder for the little ones to jump off. They have a beautiful sandy beach and it is sandy all the way out past the dock for at least 15 ft. It is pretty sandy all the way around. May young girls thought it was so cool that they could touch in the deep end past the dock since there was a sand bar and it shallow. The shoreline is in a bay area which can help block some of the wind it if is coming from the North. They also have a paddle boat which is awesome for going out fishing even though there isn't much fish b/c it is so sandy. They did catch a sheepshead which was fun. They have a nice picnic table to eat outside and a great porch area.
See next review since out of room with just too much good things to say.
We were lucky enough to spend the entire month of July at this beautiful home. Our children and grandchildren joined us for a week and it was perfect. Donna and Harvey have thought of just about everything when it comes to stocking the house with every day things needed, right down to the bathroom and kitchen hand soaps. Harvey and Donna are very personable but never pushy. We are looking forward to doing this again. Thank you for opening up your home!
Arriving at our vacation rental on a chilly afternoon, it was obvious the Jorns had thought of everything a renter or two (or a big family) could need down to loyalty cards for area grocery stores. Waiting for us was not only an ideal location with private beach, dock and firepit on the shore, but also a binder full of local brochures and family-friendly activities. We can't say enough about just how wonderful it was to return to a home each evening rather than a generic hotel room.
Donna and Harvey Jorns clearly enjoy meeting people, and providing them with a little bit of what makes Door County, WI so special. My best friend and I feel so fortunate to have been able to stay at Jorns Harbor Retreat, and are already looking forward to our next trip to Door County! And there is nowhere we'd rather stay again tha. Jorns Harbor Retreat!
'Pool Table in Garage', 'Bean Bag Game', ,Board Games, Cards, Chess, Dominoes, Children's Outdoor Playground Set with Slide, Ladder',
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
|Notes: Rates are based on 8 guests; add $20 per night, per additional guest
|Cleaning Fee
|$125 + Tax
|Tax Rate
Over 8 people, there is a $20 fee for each person, each night.
Pay 50 % of Total Invoice When Making the Reservation. This is considered the Confirmation. SORRY, WE DO NOT ACCEPT CREDIT CARDS. Checks are Acceptable, Personal, Cashiers or Money Orders. YOUR RESERVATION IS NOT CONFIRMED UNTIL THE CHECK IS RECEIVED. THEN YOUR INVOICE WILL BE EMAILED OR SENT TO YOU.


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Susie Diane Owens is an American model and actress. She was chosen as Playboy's Playmate of the Month for March 1988. In the May 1993 issue, she was used as the model for the comic book heroine "Flaxen", and also made public appearances in costume, b...ut the character failed to find an audience.
Connect any celebrity with Susie Owens to see how closely they are linked... romantically!
completely forgot about Gunnar Nelson of Nelson
You've completely missed Johnny Solinger, joined Skid Row in 1999 replacing Sebastion Bach, dated in Dallas around 1990
Lori: The video she played in 'Winter's Call' was taped in 1989. Ray Gillen already knew he had hiv in 1990. He contracted it in the 80's.
Amazing women. I miss her so much
She also dated Ray Gillen of Badlands briefly.
she loves rockers!!
The article in which Susie Owens talks about cheating Bret Micheals with Zakk Wylde is in D Magazine. What are you waiting for! Add Zakk Wylde to her profile! Want more proof!?
Susie Owens appears in Hard `N Heavy episode with Gene Simmons.They were really cozy!!
Add Zakk Wylde.
Susie Owens has cheated Bret Micheals with Ozzy Osbourne guitarist Zakk Wylde. She said it herself in an interview. Add more pics of her! Thanks.
my favourite playmate! more of her!
i love her. beautiful hair. more pictures of her.

subset: commoncrawl


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12 of 12 people found the following review helpful
I personally loved it :-),
This review is from: The Wedding Planner (DVD)
This is the movie where I began to love Matthew McConaughey, and where I began to see that Jennifer Lopez is not a bad actress (in this type of role).
Basically she meets him and they have a connection, and little does she know that she already knows his fiancee because she is planning their wedding.
It's a cute light-hearted romantic comedy and if you like that genre, you will love this. Yes there are corny lines and outrageous situations, but that is part of the fun. It's a great movie that all romantics will love.
Review Details
Location: Melbourne, Australia
Top Reviewer Ranking: 62,904


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When twelve men gathered at the Green Bank Observatory in West Virginia to discuss the art and science of alien hunting in 1961, the
Over a year ago, the solar-powered airplane Solar Impulse 2 started its audacious round-the-world trip—but it became so damaged that it had to pull up short in Hawaii. Now, it's ready to fly again.
A study that analyzed the genetic data of almost 600,000 people has discovered that mutants are very real. But, rather than shooting lasers from their eyes or l...
Rain is normally a solar energy cell's worst nightmare, but a team of Chinese scientists could make it a tremendous ally. They've developed a solar cell with a...
Plating less than an inch thick obliterates armor-piercing projectiles.
Precision? The Webb can detect heat generated by a bumblebee as far away as the Moon.
What is NewsMeBack?
NewsMeBack is the place for everyone who likes citizen journalism and social news, a place for you where you can put your news, events from everyday life, something interesting that happened in your life or else.


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I am having some problems with PHP code to send my form submissions to an email address: I have the following code at present,
This produces an email but no data is shown on it. Can anyone help with how I need to adjust the code so that all fields from the contact form display on the resulting email.PHP Code:
mail($email, 'New Contact Us Form', $values['text'], "From: \"{$values['name']}\" <{$values['email']}>");
The values for the fields I have in the form are: name, phone, email, comments.
Also, after the user submits my form, if there are uncompleted fields, the page is re-loaded with the form error messages. At the moment, the page re-loads to the top, however I would like it to re-load at the same position that the contact form sits. If it's possible, what code would I need to use?
Many Thanks


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Phantom Projects Theatre Group 3,829 views. Check out our top Free Essays on The Bluest Eye Summary to help you write your own Essay. Chapter I. Michael Barrus. the bluest eye essay Essays and criticism on Toni Morrison's the bluest eye essay The Bluest Eye - The Five paragraph essays Bluest Eye Toni Morrison. Critical Essay An Overview of The Bluest Eye
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This paper discusses a number of open problems in color constancy theory whose correct solution is a prerequisite for the theory of the phenomenon. Solutions employing suitable visually meaningful versus physically meaningful basis functions (principal components) are examined. In the former case the starting point is an estimate of the first derivative of the reflectance (illuminant), essential for defining color, instead of an estimate of the reflectance (illuminant), as in the latter. Conceptual consequences are discussed. Mathematical and physical constraints are identified. We compare the results of theories that do or do not ignore them. The following questions are considered. (1) Do unique solutions of the estimation problem exist everywhere in the object-color solid belonging to the illuminant? (2) Are they physically meaningful, i.e., at least nonnegative? (3) Are they representative for reflectance and spectral distribution functions? (4) What role plays metamerism?
© 2014 Optical Society of America
The visual system is a signal detection, discrimination, and processing system. Its perceptual variables exhibit color (i.e., appearance to the generic human observer) constancy, the phenomenon that the appearance of a scene is qualitatively preserved across illuminants. Somehow, the visual system manages to construct almost illuminant-independent variables from illuminant-dependent input. A simple consideration sheds some light on the phenomenon.
Let be the reflectance of some patch, the illuminant, the equi-energy spectrum equal to unity for all , chosen as the reference illuminant, and a linear superposition of the CIE color-matching functions, normalized such that the integral of over the visual range equals unity, for example (bar tacitly understood), , or , with , , and the tristimulus values of . The integral over the visual range of over the same integral of , called a von Kries type quotient, is obviously strictly independent of the amplitude of . Numerical analysis [1] is aware that such quotients, almost illuminant-independent if is almost constant, are often weakly dependent on other illuminant parameters, for example, the temperature when is a blackbody radiator. Numerical simulation confirms this. Von Kries type quotients are employed in the definition of CIE space [2], apparently rather successfully. If is a cone sensitivity we have a classic von Kries quotient arising in the von Kries hypothesis and the associated coefficient rule. Attempts to experimentally verify the hypothesis have failed [2]; see Section 3.
Despite this fact, Forsyth [3] concluded from numerical work in machine vision that the coefficient rule has much to recommend it if sensitivities are narrowband. "Narrowband" is a relative concept. A theorem [4,5] states that a von Kries type quotient equals the integral of apart from an illuminant-dependent error, which is small if, in a precisely defined sense, is narrow compared to and , both dimensionless, a fact trivially true if one of the latter is constant as a function of (width infinity) or if is a -function (width zero). Despite its counterintuitive nature, the -approximation is of conceptual importance: if (and only if [4]) it applies is perfect color constancy possible. Cone sensitivities are narrow functions but narrower, nonnegative functions exist [6]. The analysis reveals not only the physical basis of color constancy but also when it can fail. Reflectance and spectral distribution functions associated with saturated colors are not broad in the definition of the theorem explaining color constancy failures as observed [7]. Empiricism and theory show that von Kries type quotients constitute a reasonable starting point for color constancy theory, attempting to construct visual variables with smaller illuminant- dependent error. In this paper, and are desaturated. Occasionally, results for saturated are stated.
It is conceivable that expressions other than the previous von Kries type quotient can be found with improved illuminant-independent behavior. The expressions must be independent of the amplitude of the illuminant, restricting them to appropriate rational functions of tristimulus values. Other approaches have observed that color constant variables can be constructed from estimates of [and , needed for that purpose], determined by the tristimulus values , , of [and , , of ], if equal or close enough to the actual . Equality occurs with probability of almost zero. "Close enough" has no chance of applying unless the estimate appears "natural." The definition of "close enough" then must ensure that the propagation of the estimation error remains small in a later definition of lightness and color, zero for the constant reflectance, and hence dependent on an estimate of . It is to be distinguished from the first derivative of the estimate of due to the amplification of the estimation error by differentiation. Unfortunately, the definition of a representative, physically meaningful estimate and the notion "close enough," although intuitively clear, are hard problems. Metamerism, always indicative of a flaw if ignored, causes an estimate uniquely constructed from tristimulus values, even if "close enough" to , to differ, sometimes considerably, from its metamers, in agreement with the qualitative nature of color constancy. The definition of an estimate needs a decision about the appropriate basis functions. In view of the different nature of reflectances belonging to desaturated and saturated colors, no single set of basis functions exists that works for all tristimulus values in the object-color belonging to an estimate of . Reflectances of saturated colors, essentially smoothed versions of Schrödinger's optimal colors, vanish on certain intervals, all within the visual range so that, at least, similar basis functions are needed. In the linear parts of the theory the expansion coefficients satisfy a set of linear equations. We need proof that the determinant of the matrix never vanishes: a model of the visual system must always work, not often or mostly, a demand that, although severe, is generally accepted in the development of signal processing systems. Symmetric, positive definite matrices possess the required property [8]. A restriction to such matrices has consequences for the choice of the basis functions; see Section 2.B. Finally, it must be shown that variables constructed from the estimate exhibit better color constant behavior than von Kries type quotients. We repeat the proof [5,9], temporarily (see Section 2.D) accepting that the chromaticity coordinates of the actual illuminant are a priori provided as in CTV, or by specular reflection, or otherwise, e.g., by the background in the experiment; these are, in fact, assumptions that underlie the von Kries theory as well. The construction replaces von Helmholtz's unconscious judgment [10] as to how an object would look in white light, i.e., the canonical illuminant [3], the reference in this paper, by well-defined signal processing. Other approaches to the color constancy problem then must show that their solution always exists, is physically meaningful (see Section 2.A), and is still better. The human visual system performs similarly, better or worse, in each case, raising interesting questions; see Section 3.
Wyszecki and Stiles [2], p. 173, remark that "the science of color has not advanced far enough to deal with this problem (various visual phenomena that contribute significantly to color perception) quantitatively." Thus, it is a good question [11] whether the situation today is better and, if not, what is the prevalent challenge. The appearance of a patch with reflectance under is a function of the tristimulus values of and , and, possibly, other variables (surround). The von Kries approach employs three von Kries type quotients. Variables in color constancy theory need the three von Kries type quotients and the chromaticity coordinates of . Thus, color science must find three nonlinear functions of at least five variables with optimal discrimination properties that are, hopefully, able to describe lightness and color. This urges modesty. As a first step, we could replace in empirical formulas [2] von Kries type quotients by theoretical color constant variables and see what happens—provided that color constancy theory is sound. However, some approaches do not differentiate between meaningless and meaningful quantities; see Section 2.A. Matrices are assumed not proved to be nonsingular; see Section 2.B. Assumptions seem untenable from the physical and mathematical point of view; see Section 2.C. Information lacking in some models is gathered by means of methods that are apparently not applied by the visual system; see Section 2.D. With the benefit of hindsight, these problems can possibly be solved within the adopted framework. They constitute as many open problems to adherents.
However, of predominant importance, since then color constancy theory takes a different course, are two conceptual problems. First, it must be decided whether basis functions in estimates of and should be visually or physically meaningful, e.g., principal components and phases of daylight. Visually meaningful basis functions are appropriately defined by means of the color-matching functions. The data processing uses symmetric, positive definite matrices whose inversion is trivial and, hence, not beyond the power of a biological system. They ensure that the sets of linear equations defining estimates always have a unique solution; see Section 2.B. In this framework we discern desaturated [12] and different types of saturated colors [13]. Nonnegative estimates, if is concerned, are obtained by a linear analysis in the former case and by nonlinear methods in the latter, in agreement with mathematical predictions; see Section 2.A. The ensuing visual representation of the "world" differs from the physical one, which is an old philosophical issue; see Section 2.D. Actually, is estimated. Next, its integration and a suitable integration constant yields the estimate of with basis functions as the integrals of the functions in the representation of and the function equal to unity for all . This order affords a decisive advantage. Since color conveys information about , constancy of color benefits from its direct estimation, preferably by a least-squares fit; see Section 2.B. Integration suppresses the illuminant-dependent estimation error. The estimate and the function to be estimated, if smooth, are close. On the other hand, if first is estimated, the required estimate of must be obtained by differentiation, amplifying estimation error; see Section 2.C for examples.
Sections 2.A–2.D can be read independently. In Section 2.B Eqs. (3a) and (3b), the interim summary and discussion of prior results are necessary and, hopefully, sufficient for understanding the role played by the two approaches to the color constancy problem. The passage proves von Helmholtz's conjecture [10] and can be read independently. See Section 3 for experimentally verifiable theoretical predictions. In view of the extensive bibliography in Foster [11], only supplementary references are provided.
A. Nonnegativity
Reflectance and spectral distribution functions are nonnegative functions of . They satisfy quadratic models, extensively discussed in the literature [14]. The result does not rule out every linear model, but then adds nonnegativity as a constraint. Failure to comply invalidates a lot of even elementary results. Furthermore, it states that a theory based on linear models alone is incomplete. Actually, reflectance functions of saturated colors are often cut-off filters, zero on a certain interval [15]. For example [16], CIE test color 12 (strong red) is approximately zero on the interval [490 and 545 nm]. In the estimation of such functions from their tristimulus values, not only the coefficients of the basis functions but also the wavelengths of the interval must be determined, obviously a nonlinear problem, and solved by iteration [13]. Linear theory benefits from the powerful methods of linear algebra at the expense of a later proof that the mathematical result is physically meaningful. Readers are recommended to beforehand make sure that authors paid the price before completing the paper. If not, the omission can perhaps be remedied in hindsight, an always welcome revelation when solutions are physically meaningful. Nonlinearity causes a jump in the problem's complexity, growing steeply with the number of parameters. A proof of non-negativity seems hopeless for any model with four or more parameters. Using three principal components, Troost and de Weert [17] constructed 2734 "reflectances" from Munsell , , values under CIE standard illuminant . More than 50% of patches had to be rejected because of failure to be between 0 and 1 for all . The thesis has been proposed that any reflectance can be expressed as a weighted sum of principal components, dependent on the author, i.e., possesses a finite model, see Section 2.C. Perfect recovery of is deemed possible [11,18]; see Section 2.D. If , this applies at most for that satisfy conditions a priori excluding the physically meaningless "reflectances" rejected by Troost and de Weert by hindsight. Conditions could exclude all in certain domains of the object-solid belonging to , e.g., saturated colors, or certain types of reflectance, e.g., nonsmooth . This is the dominant difficulty. An estimate of chooses and suitable basis functions. Nonnegative estimates, for all , are constructed from tristimulus values in domains in the object color solid, corresponding to desaturated [12] and saturated [13] colors; see Section 2.B, at the expense of a possibly large illuminant-dependent estimation error. Tristimulus values of desaturated colors are located in the so-called principal domain [12], where a linear analysis suffices. Methods are found to suppress the error; see Eqs. (3); not fully, however, but better than for von Kries type quotients. An estimate of is similarly constructed.
B. Physically versus Visually Meaningful Basis Functions
Like orthogonal polynomials, principal components form a complete set of physically meaningful functions. Any function that is like can be written as a generally infinite series with appropriate coefficients. A finite expansion with tristimulus values under an estimate of equal to those of , is called an estimate of , if its values are between 0 and 1. The definition of a similar nonnegative estimate of , determined by the tristimulus values of , needs, first, a decision about the appropriate basis functions. The three cone sensitivities are linearly independent on (, ), with and the begin and end points of the visual range. If desired, we can construct mutually orthogonal functions (apply the Gram–Schmidt method). Functions orthogonal to the color-matching functions multiplied by are called metameric blacks [2] under . Together, the functions constitute a complete set of visually meaningful basis functions. Any estimate of [estimate of ] can be written as a linear superposition of the cone sensitivities multiplied by [estimate of ] plus some metameric black under [idem]. An unjustifiable restriction of to phases of daylight has been removed. For example, blackbody radiators also possess excellent color rendering properties [16], which a valid theory should be able to explain. It can be proved that representations are invariant for a nonsingular transformation of the color-matching functions. For practical purposes, we may employ the CIE functions and tristimulus values.
Consider estimates of and of to be calculated, respectively, from its cone signals or tristimulus values , , , and from those of , corresponding to , , of . The three physically meaningful basis functions are daylight phases [if ] or principal components [if is concerned]. On the other hand, the visually meaningful ones are the cone sensitivities, multiplied by either or in case of or , both dimensionless. In all cases, the coefficients , , 2, 3 of the basis functions satisfy an inhomogeneous set of linear equations with, on the left-hand side, the given th cone signal of either or . On the right-hand side, the matrix elements equal the integral over the visual range of the th visually meaningful basis function and the th basis function, chosen either visually or physically meaningful. Recall from linear algebra that the solution of the set exists and is unique if the determinant of the matrix is nonzero. If it vanishes, either no solution exists or, if it exists, it is not unique. If this situation is to be avoided, the determinant must not vanish. This is trivial for the visually meaningful representation of and . The matrix involved is symmetric and positive definite [8]. Its determinant, equal to the product of its positive eigenvalues, is nonzero. If this holds true when the phases of daylight or principal components are concerned, its proof seems nontrivial. In more sophisticated approaches [18] the same problem occurs. For the sake of the argument, we grant that the determinant is nonzero. The homogeneous system of linear equations has only the solution zero so that a metameric black involving three principal components is zero for all . For the evaluation of the matrix elements involving physically meaningful basis functions, the human visual system must dispose of "knowledge of the physical world" that then must reside in memory. This leads to problems connected with the development of color constant vision in infants, who start with an empty memory [19]. The same argument motivates the choice of as the reference illuminant instead of , for example.
These visually meaningful estimates [20] break down when the cone sensitivities tend to -functions because the mentioned matrix elements for , essentially the integral of the product of two -functions with the same peak, diverge. Nonnegativity is still to be proved. The estimates, consisting of the three peaked cone sensitivities, are not representative of actual functions, e.g., the constant reflectance. For smoothest estimates of , its second derivative is a weighted sum of the visual basis functions, replacing by the smoothest estimate of , with three coefficients to be determined, see Eq. (4) of Ref. [12] or Eq. (A4) in Appendix A with , replacing by and, for practical purposes, the cone sensitivities by the CIE color-matching functions. The solution of the inhomogeneous differential equation involved whose first derivative vanishes at both ends of the visual range (two boundary conditions), defines new visually meaningful basis functions and, next, leads to a inhomogeneous set of linear equations for its coefficients with symmetric, positive definite matrix in Eq. (9) of Ref. [12], hence nonsingular. Its solution , , if is constant, always exists and is independent of the amplitude of . It is between 0 and 1 for tristimulus values , , in the principal domain of the object color solid belonging to for all , similarly constructed, see Eq. (16) of Ref. [5]. See Fig. 2 of Ref. [12] for examples of .
Actually, and are estimated and, next, and by integration and a suitable integration constant. We prove that is a least-squares fit to . In Eqs. (A2)–(A9) of Appendix A with replace , , , , , , , , and by, respectively, , , , , , , , , and . From Eq. (A9) we haveA6). Since at and at there. Next, minimize, as a function of and , 2) coincides with Eq. (A11), mutatis mutandis. is obtained by integrating from to with appropriate integration constant [see Eq. (16) of Ref. [5]], and is linear in its tristimulus values , , . The three basis functions are these integrals of the two functions on the right-hand side of Eq. (1) and the function equal to unity for all . The least-squares fit guarantees that is representative of , in general. Since they are metameric under , they intersect at the, at least three, zeroes of blacks [2,21] , 539, and 608 nm. On (449, 539) and (539, 608) the mean square difference of and cannot be large if the mean square difference of and is sufficiently small by Wirtinger's inequality [22]. On (449, 608) and are then close. Near the ends of visual range and in general differ as the latter's boundary values are unknown. In the definition of [see Eqs. (A7a) and (A6)], when , this error propagates favorably since the color-matching functions are zero at these ends. Thus, the error introduced by replacing by is small, if is smooth. If , is a least-squares fit to , by the prior proof. Since like disposes of two parameters only, a least-squares fit is indispensable for constancy of color [9]. In general, , especially at the ends of the visual range. Since the error propagates favorably, the mean square difference of and is almost minimal. On (449, 608) and cannot much differ if that difference is sufficiently small, as discussed above. Examples in Fig. 2 of Ref. [12] show that the terms and are, in general, not small since and , unknown to the visual system, assume arbitrary values between 0 and 1. We suppress the resulting error.
We have the basic equation on (, ):A7), simplified in Eq. (A9), w(λ) = 1 and Eq. (16) of Ref. [5]. The other basis function equals unity for all λ. The illuminant-dependent coefficients are uniquely determined by the tristimulus values , , of equal to those of ; is satisfied if , , is in the principal domain [12] of the object-color solid belonging to , a condition satisfied for desaturated . The residual estimation error , zero for constant , is small on (449, 608) if is smooth, but, in general, large at the ends of the visual range. Perceptual variables are functions of color constant visual variables. The latter are defined by the left-hand side of the following equation with some narrow . We have 5]. Consider over the integral of , equal to the integral of . Since the von Kries type quotients belonging to , and , are equal, the error in Eq. (3b) equals, apart from a minus sign, the first term. See Eq. (21) of Ref. [5] with and replaced by and . A theorem (see Eq. (12) of Ref. [5]), shows that the error depends on, among other things, and , small for smooth and . Hence, the visual variable defined by the integral on the left of Eq. (3b), for constant , is almost illuminant-independent, with error smaller than in the case of the von Kries type quotient. If it is virtually zero, the left-hand side of Eq. (3b) recovers from tristimulus values , , of the image as it would have appeared if it had been taken under , the first integral on the right. If so, this proves von Helmholtz's conjecture [3,9,10], defining "white light." Equations (3) also apply to saturated . Substitute , derived in that case [13].
Strongly different metameric possess the same estimate . Their well-known mismatch [2] under causes the residual error in Eq. (3b) to vary among them. Although it is appreciably smaller than in the von Kries case, in general, the experiment [see Eqs. (7)–(9)], could reveal that it is not small enough. However, corresponds to the simplest choice from a class of smoothest reflectances involving a weight function , yielding similar but not the same results [12]. Another choice [see Eq. (A10)] could lead to a smaller error in practice or better mimic the human visual system.
Alternative approaches [18,11] claim that in Eq. (3a) can be modeled by a finite weighted sum of physical functions, replacing , with, essentially, everywhere. If the parameters can be uniquely determined (see Section 2.D) the claim ensures that the representation is between 0 and 1 for all . It inherits the property from the actual , making the work of Section 2.A superfluous. This obviously crucial claim is discussed next.
C. Finite Models versus Estimates
Physically meaningful basis functions, e.g., orthogonal principal components or polynomials are illuminant-independent. A given sum with three expansion coefficients such that its values are between 0 and 1 can be interpreted as a reflectance . The expansion coefficients are uniquely determined by its cone signals. We have constructed an estimate of that coincides with itself. We then say that possesses a finite model. This example is of interest for showing the correctness of an algorithm [18] that exactly recovers its expansion coefficients and those of by multiple views (see Section 2.D), not necessarily the correctness of the underlying mathematical idea. Actually, the issue is whether all or '"most" a priori given reflectances in the field of view possess a finite model. Any such trivially possesses a finite model, consisting of , supplemented by orthogonal basis functions from the chosen set. If is not orthogonal to them, applying the Gram–Schmidt method achieves this. However, we are interested in the validity of the thesis: there exists a common basis such that any possesses an model, with , dependent on the author, apart from a small amount of residual error, at most, i.e., Eq. (3a) applies with for all . Note the interchange of logical quantifiers, always urging prudence. From "all events [] possess an (event-dependent) cause [finite model]," it does not follow "there exists a common cause for all events." This is an important physical and astronomical discovery of the past century, the "Big Bang."
Recall from mathematics [23]: for any an integer , dependent on , exists such that the sum of the first or less terms from its series expansion, convergent on some interval (, ), is equal or close to it. In the latter case, this depends on its rate of uniform convergence on (, ), permitting term-by-term integration. Thus the thesis assumes that reflectances constitute a special kind of function such that is independent of . It is also tacitly assumed that the visual interval (, ) is part of all intervals (, ), defined by the physical properties of the different materials corresponding to . This is temporarily accepted. The following two examples show that if a reflectance satisfies a finite, for simplicity, model in some set of basis functions on (, ) it need not possess a similar finite model in another set of basis functions or the other way around. Apparently, the claimed common set of basis functions, if it exists, is hard to find.
Define , mapping (, ) on (, 1), and consider the two following sets of complete, orthogonal basis functions: (1) Legendre polynomials [24] , e.g. , and (2) Fourier series; basis functions 1, and , . In both systems the constant function equals the first basis function and therefore trivially satisfies the finite , 1, model, as does the function in system (1). On (, 1) we have the Fourier series [25], also easily verified directly, for :
The latter representation is not finite in system (2) and even converges slowly. Similarly, the function satisfies the finite model in system (2). We have the, also not finite, representation in system (1) for :24], It can be proved that this series converges fast, yet this convergence speed is of little help.
If is not equal to a finite weighted sum of chosen basis functions, the expansion coefficients could be optimally chosen, e.g., such that the estimate is a least-squares fit to , perhaps yielding a sufficiently small amount of residual error as the thesis allows. Since the basis functions of sets (1) and (2) are orthogonal, the truncated series of order affords this least-squares fit [14]. The basis functions are, respectively , , 1, 2 and [27] 1, , . Equation (4) is reduced to5) yields
Although the two simple examples render the prospects of the thesis bleak, they do not rule out that a "special" common finite basis exists. If reflectances , , very large compared to , , all possess a common finite model in some set of basis functions on a common interval (, ), defined by the physics of the different materials with reflectance , the correlation function, defined for , on that interval,28] show that the first four eigenfunctions are not linearly dependent; therefore, . If an analysis would show that linear dependence occurs for, e.g., , the original basis functions can be replaced by principal components, without loss of generality.
Unfortunately, the analysis is little rewarding unless the set is an unbiased sample from all possible reflectances. A rough calculation [29] suggests that metamerism is a quite common phenomenon for desaturated . Reflectances from color atlases are usually smooth. However, in practice, metameric, nonsmooth functions also occur, as lamp manufacturers are aware. We could modify by replacing any single by a suitable sum of its metamers, rendering the set unbiased, and start again.
As four principal components define a metameric black, an model of is reducible to a weighted sum of three principle components and () metameric blacks under . In principle, multiple views under and, at least, one additional illuminant , all represented by a common, finite , e.g., , model, can recover all coefficients; see Section 2.D. Unless and strongly differ, a black under is almost black under . It is then doubtful whether its coefficient can reliably be recovered. If the sum of blacks is considered as noise, an acceptable thesis, in this framework, could be: on (, ) any is represented by an estimate involving three principal components apart from a residual error , i.e., the sum of blacks under , not small compared to the estimate in general. This thesis leads to an equation similar to Eq. (3a) with replaced by the present estimate with one crucial exception: we cannot evade finding conditions on which the estimate of is between 0 and 1 for all (see Section 2.A) as is done by claiming that possesses a finite () model, that inherits this property from the actual . Prospects seem bleak; see Section 2.A.
D. Lack of Information
The tristimulus values of from patches, equal to the tristimulus values of the product of the estimates of and , do not enable us to separately determine the tristimulus values of the former estimates and the chromaticity coordinates of the latter. The chromaticity coordinates of are provided by the camera responses on perfect white in CTV or by specular reflection (hampering discrimination) in color constancy or, in the experiment, by the background. They and the coefficients in a finite model of (see Section 2.C) can be perfectly recovered from multiple views of the same scene under different illuminants [18], granting assumptions. Consider two views. The information from the first view is in memory. The information from the second view is provided by the observation. The algorithm [18] yields the desired data. Preparing for a third view, we must refresh the information in memory. Two possibilities arise: either (1) the first view is preserved in memory and the second view is lost, or (2) the second view overwrites the first view in memory. In case (1), a return to the first view (= third view) violates the algorithm requiring two different views. Thus we have case (2): the return interchanges the two views and, since the algorithm is symmetric for that interchange, the corresponding information (equal in the second and third view) processing yields the same output, the identical appearance of the scene in the second and third views. Consider the appearance of an article of dress, first viewed in a shop with poor lighting and next viewed outdoors in daylight. The proposal predicts that, upon return to the shop (third view), the latter appearance is preserved, at variance with this author's observation. If this is generally agreed, the proposal is, in any case, not applied by the human visual system.
Economical data processing can free information for the determination of the chromaticity coordinates of . Consider the light from a scene in three-dimensional space and its image on the retina. Regions on which continuously varies within a few just-noticeable differences as a function of space variables are called patches with tristimulus values equal to their mean value. Distinct borders belong to different patches. The traveling salesman algorithm finds the shortest circuit such that the salesman visits cities (patches) once and returns to the starting city (patch). We use a perceptually meaningful metric, expressing distances in terms of just-noticeable differences. By deleting the largest edge in the circuit we obtain a chain of minimally distinct patches. A patch and its successor define, in total, () differences of triplets of tristimulus values associated with reflectance differences or different illumination conditions (due to surface curvature, stray light, etc.). One triplet of tristimulus values is freed for the determination of the chromaticity coordinates of , i.e., the white point. Unfortunately, the complexity of the traveling salesman problem increases fast with . In any event, differences are essential for the discrimination problem so that a decision on the proper definition must be deferred until then. The estimate of is obtained by replacing in the theory by , achieving that the estimate of . Color constant visual signals follow from Eq. (3b). We start with the hypothesis that the illumination conditions do not vary across the scene, to be revoked if results are inconsistent or "odd." "Inconsistent" means that not all free choices of the triplet (patch) yield the same chromaticity coordinates of .
Unfortunately, if and are the actual reflectance of some patch and the actual illuminant, respectively, the light incident on the eye can be written for any fixed for all as the product of a phenomenological reflectance and phenomenological illuminant , corresponding to physically different scenes, visually indiscernible from the actual one. In particular, any patch with reflectance can serve as a white point corresponding to the phenomenological for all , and similar illuminant . "Reality," i.e., the appearance of the world, is then a construct of the observer's mind (which designates in some way the white patch; hence. the illuminant), a philosophical thesis (Bishop Berkeley's famous dictum "esse est percipi") also defended by Kant and influential among German physiologists at the end of the 19th century [30].
There exist many visually indiscernible physical worlds but only one observer able to define a common framework. In the basic Eqs. (1)–(3) of Ref. [12], replace by and by . Their solution is the smoothest estimate of , a weighted sum of the same visually meaningful basis functions as in the case for all (see Eq. (4) of Ref. [12]), provided that the estimate of is a weighted sum of the visually meaningful basis functions of Section 2.B []. If the tristimulus values of were known, the present coefficients and in Eq. (2) of this paper and the integration constant could be calculated as before and, next, the present coefficients of by imposing, as in the case :2]. In practice, optimal colors are seldom present in the field of view. Theoretically, they are ubiquitous. For any a filter exists, up to a multiplicative factor, metameric under , i.e., we have 2]. is its luminance equal to the value of the integral on the left for . is the maximum attainable luminance, i.e., the value of the integral on the right-hand side. Equation (6b) is then an identity. The cases and provide two nonlinear equations for the coefficients , and , up to a multiplicative constant, to be solved on the condition for all . Although they are difficult, optimal filters , i.e., and , are easily constructed numerically. The entire analysis is no more than an application of the principle that [] can be estimated from given tristimulus values if , e.g., an optimal color, only dependent on two parameters and excluding metamerism, [] is known. If the choices of patches do not yield the same answer, we must drop the hypothesis that the illumination is the same across the image and partition it accordingly.
Color constancy theory in Section 2.B assigns predominant importance to the estimation of , determining color. Its estimate determines its constancy; see Section 2.B. Wyszecki and Stiles [2] state that opponent color matching, except unique red, is independent of luminance. Both theory and experiment suggest that disentanglement of color and luminance matching is possible. If so, we focus on constancy of color with the advantage that matches of and variables [31] can be determined with great precision. An experiment that falsifies this part of the theory falsifies it entirely. Theoretical considerations about the limitations of color constancy shed light on the problem.
The starting point is the discussion of asymmetric matching in Wyszecki and Stiles [2]. In the interpretation of the experiment concerning human color constancy, we compare the following:
- (1) The appearance of some under , defined by the tristimulus values , , of . The tristimulus values , , of are provided by the background.
- (2) The corresponding experimental asymmetric appearance match under the reference illuminant , defined by its tristimulus values , , . The tristimulus values of are , , (Wyszecki and Stiles [2] mentions caveats).
- (3) The appearance of under , determined by the calculated tristimulus values of .
We have from Eq. 3 (5.12.1) of Ref. [2], stating that if an asymmetric match exists, a nonsingular matrix exists such that7) is in the object-color solid of , if , , are the tristimulus values of , for some reflectance . If so, the vector elements on the right-hand side of Eq. (7) are von Kries type quotients. In an experiment that uses paper matches, this condition is satisfied. If some patch with reflectance preserves its appearance under when viewed under , then up to a metameric black that vanishes under . If we may ignore the error over the integral of for desaturated, smooth and [see the discussion of Eq. (3b)] we have for narrow , , 2, 3, 2] for the hypothesis lacks, as the theoretical, relative error [5], although zero for the constant reflectance, can amount to some 10%. The color constancy result in Eq. (3b) yields 8); see the discussion of Eq. (3b). Recall from Eq. (3a) that is a weighted sum of the function equal to unity for all λ and two visually meaningful basis functions dependent on the estimate ; see Eq. (16) of Ref. [5]. Numerical integration on the left of Eq. (9) can be carried out. Substitution of the coefficients in the representation of , i.e., an illuminant-dependent, weighted sum of von Kries type quotients , , and or similar cone signals, shows that the left-hand sides of Eqs. (7) and (9) are of the same form. The elements of , in general nondiagonal, depend on the chromaticity coordinates of , equal to those of the actual . They specify "adaptation conditions."
We examine the nature of the ignored error in Eqs. (9) and (3) by means of the next order approximation to involving five basis functions:21] with (misprint) on the left-hand side of Eq. (A10). It can be proved that these values of and make a least-squares fit to if and almost so if not. Comparison of Figs. (1) and (7) of Ref. [21] shows a considerable improvement of the fit, understood from the discussion in Section 2.B. Unfortunately, is no estimate of since it seems hopeless to determine and such that is satisfied; see Section 2.A. For heuristic purposes, occasional failures of this condition can be ignored. For variable and , Eq. (10) defines a representative sample of reflectances with error in Eq. (3a). In Eq. (3b) this error is suppressed but, perhaps, not sufficiently in practice.
If so, Eq. (10) is able to correct a systematic error; vanishes at both and , while this seldom happens for in practice. Furthermore, is smoother than any actual it estimates. A slightly less smooth estimate is more representative for in practice; is orthogonal to and , nonzero at and , respectively. The integral of is the sum of two quadratic expressions. It suffices to construct a smooth estimate whose first derivatives are nonzero at both and , corresponding to nonzero and in Eq. (9). Recall from the discussion of Eqs. (1)–(3) of Ref. [12] that another class of smoothest estimates is defined by a weight function , multiplying there. The simplest choice for all yields in this paper. It is proved in Appendix A that a visually meaningful can be constructed that tends sufficiently fast to zero at and and thereby achieves that the first derivative of the associated estimate is nonzero there; see Eqs. (A5) and (A8). Since the improved estimate is metameric to , it is of the form of with one important exception: as before, we are able to find the slightly different conditions on which it is between 0 and 1 for all .
In its youth, any field of science faces the necessity of finding a consistent, mathematically and physically correct basis. This paper discusses the issue for color constancy. Since it is a qualitative phenomenon, theory can achieve, at most, that color constancy errors, e.g., due to metamerism, usually are small and random. Numerical simulations can establish this. Unfortunately, the issue complicates the experiment that, next, must decide whether the theory adequately mimics the behavior of the human visual system. Theoretically optimal, artificial systems may be of independent interest. Faites vos jeux (choose and play)!
In this appendix we construct for a given [estimate, e.g., of the] illuminant with tristimulus values , , , the smoothest reflectance associated with a weight function for all , except, possibly, at and . The special case yields in this paper. We are interested in a visually meaningful that tends sufficiently fast to zero at and , thereby achieving that is nonzero there; see Eq. (A5). We also show that all data processing can be carried out by a trivial inversion of symmetric, positive definite matrices instead of a such-like matrices, as previously. The needed generalization of Eqs. (1)–(3) of Ref. [12] reads
The new equations lead to minor modifications of the earlier analysis [12]. Calculus of variations shows that the solution of Eqs. (A2) and (A3) satisfiesA4), A5), at A7a), A7a) enforces at if tends to zero at in a similar way as the functions do. Suppose that, for , A6) and integration by parts yields for , and similarly, , 3:
The zero of at has multiplicity . Consider the determinant , first row , , ; second row (), (), (); third row (), (), (), and the determinant equal to , except that in the first row we have , , . Define (see Eq. (B1) of Ref. [21])
The integral of is unity. The right-hand side of Eq. (A9) equals multiplied by a function, only dependent on chromaticity coordinates, that possesses a simple zero at and, hence, tends to zero in a way similar to for . Hence, we achieve at and, similarly, at . Evaluation of the determinants shows that equals the narrowest, nonnegative function [5] constructed by Yule [6]:A7) are determined by a set of linear equations. Multiply Eq. (A7b) by the functions and , whose integral over the visual range is zero. Integration on the left-hand side and Eq. (A2) yields and , respectively. Integration by parts in the second term yields
Next, we multiply Eq. (A7b) by and integrate over the visual range. By Eq. (A2), the left-hand side is . On the right-hand side, the first term is . The second term is calculated by using integration by parts, applying Eq. (A7b) and eliminating the coefficients by Eq. (A11). Define coefficients such that
Similarly, we obtain, with ,
The signal processing needs no more than (the trivial inversion of) matrices. The coefficients and define the principal domain, comprising , , in Eq. (A2) such that Eq. (A1) is satisfied for desaturated .
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2. G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae (Wiley, 1982).
3. D. A. Forsyth, "A novel algorithm for color constancy," Int. J. Comput. Vis. 5, 5–35 (1990). [CrossRef]
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5. C. van Trigt, "Von Kries versus color constancy," Color Res. Appl.35, 164–183 (2010). A(λ)E(λ) and S(λ)/E(λ) in the present paper are denoted there by A(λ) and S(λ). [CrossRef]
6. J. A. C. Yule, Principles of Color Reproduction (Wiley, 1967).
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8. G. Polya and G. Szegö, Aufgaben und Lehrsätze aus der Analysis, Band II (Springer-Verlag, 1964), aufgabe 63, p. 114.
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14. G. Szegö, Orthogonal Polynomials (American Mathematical Society, 1967).
15. J. N. Lythgoe, The Ecology of Vision (Clarendon, 1997).
16. CIE, Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering properties of light sources (Bureau Central de la CIE, 1974).
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25. Reference [23], p. 161, example 1 on interval (, ).
26. Reference [24], p. 213, formula (7) with , take the imaginary part on both sides, apply p. 179, formula (3) and p. 78, formula (7).
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29. G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae (Wiley, 1982), p. 196.
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31. L. M. Hurvich, Color Vision (Sinauer, 1981).
32. E. Brunswick, "Zur Entwicklung der Albedowahrneming," Z. Psychol. 64, 216–227 (1928).


text: And then there's this: recall over donkey meat By Dennis Seid | January 2, 2014 I promise we're not picking on Walmart today, but this is from the Associated Press. The headline was "Wal-Mart Donkey Meat Recall," so who could resist? Rest assured, folks, the recall is NOT, I repeat NOT in the United States. It is, however in China. Here's the AP story: Wal-Mart Stores Inc. says it's considering … Read More Share this:TwitterFacebookGoogleLinkedInMorePrintPocketPress ThisTumblrRedditPinterestEmail Read More No Comments | Likes 0 | Tags


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Real-Time Daily Issues for November 2013
Real-Time Daily - Friday, Nov. 29, 2013
Rubicon Shakes Up EMEA Team
WeatherFX Launches Across Europe
Programmatic Growing On Mobile
Online Purchasing via Mobile Jumps 19%
Down The Black Friday Rabbit Hole
Real-Time Daily - Wednesday, Nov. 27, 2013
Niche Hunting In A Macro Indsutry
Multiplatform Ad Spend To Increase 91% YoY For Programmatic Buyers
Buzzword Of The Day: Programmatic Direct
Canadian RTB Platform Gains Access To FBX Inventory
Video Measurement Not Cutting It In Real Time, Study Finds
Ad Tech Industry 'Frustrating' Wall Street Investors
Admeta Names Fredrik Johansson CRO
Five RTM Scenarios For A Brand
Advertisers Continue To Waste Money On Fraudulent Clicks
China Pits Programmatic Premium Vs. RTB
Marketers To 'Fall In Love' With Automation In 2014
Real-Time Daily - Tuesday, Nov. 26, 2013
Breaking: All The RTB Projections
eMarketer Ups Programmatic Projections Again, Will Reach $9B By 2017 In U.S.
NativeX Names Former Turn Founding Data Scientist As Its VP Of Data Science
Gentry: Video's Fragmentation Makes Programmatic 'Appropriate'
Sharethrough Sees The Future: Native, Scalable And Mobile
Centro; Maggie Wells and Ken Farber
Real-Time Daily - Monday, Nov. 25, 2013
Revisiting The Ultimate DMP Debate With AK's Rob Gatto
Real-Time Rewards For A-B InBev
Integral Attains MRC Accreditation For Viewability Product
Rubicon Promotes Two, Strengthens France Operations
Mobile Matures: Aims To Bring Its Behavioral Data Into the Mix
Bullish Signs For Digital Video In 2014, Reaching 60% Of U.S. Population
How RTB Is Changing Mobile Advertising
Mindshare's Lang Promoted to Chief Content Officer
RTB Or Programmatic - What's The Difference?
Chris Paul's Move To Edelman Is 'Blurred Lines' -- Digital Media Version
Real-Time Daily - Friday, Nov. 22, 2013
A Brand's RTB Wish? Real-Time With MRC's Gunzerath On Lifting The Viewability Advisory
PlaceIQ Adds Three Execs
RadiumOne Adds Steve Westly To Board
Livefyre Buys Social App Provider Realtidbits
Turn Seeks New Funding, IPO 'Probable' In 2014
Mobile Ad Retargeter TapCommerce Gets $10M
Real-Time Daily - Thursday, Nov. 21, 2013
Don't Let That Tricksy RTB Make You Pay Less (But You Already Know That)
Data Is the New Content
Publishers Seeing Rise In Custom Native Ads
New App Uses Social Data To Map 'Sick Zones' In Real-Time
DMG Extends Partnership With AppNexus, Adds Mobile
Play Ball: Fantasy Sports Segment Jumps In Price
Automation: A Holiday Gift For Marketing Teams?
Sociomantic Unveils Travel CRM System
Expanding Paid Media Efforts, Edelman Hires VivaKi Exec
Brands Forgoing Agencies On Programmatic Buys
Real-Time Daily - Wednesday, Nov. 20, 2013
If You Don't Like What's Being Said, Change The Algorithm
MRC To Lift Viewability Advisory In 2014, Back Its Use As A Digital Currency
Programmatic Buys Have Transparency Issues
Social Best For Reach, Exchanges For Cost, Report Shows
PubMatic Promotes Jonas To Global CRO
Travel Industry Using Rocket Fuel To Take Off
TV Tech Platform Clypd Raises $7.2M
There Are Plenty Of Fish In The Programmatic Sea, Literally
Real-Time Daily - Tuesday, Nov. 19, 2013
Real-Time With Eric Franchi, Co-Founder Of Undertone, On Viewability
StartMeApp Launches Mobile RTB Exchange
Ampush Run Rate Pushes $70M
Nearly All Mobile Marketers Using Location Data, Report Shows
Datalogix Strikes New Mobile Partnerships
OwnerIQ Taps Greig From Valassis Digital
Confessions Of Agency CTO: Ready or Not, Programmatic Future Already Here
Atlantic Wire Rebrands As The Wire
Real-Time Daily - Monday, Nov. 18, 2013
Down The Not-So-Transparent Rabbit Hole
Mobile Marks The Spot: OpenX Hires 4 Mobile Execs
Programmatic Coming To A Living Room Near You
How SEO Reporting Changes With Transition Away From Keywords
Agencies: RTB Vendors Don't Want Transparency
Resonate, TubeMogul Partner To Bring New Type Of Targeting To Online Video
Are Programmatic And Branding Mutually Exclusive?
Michael Bolton Sings For 'Happy Honda Days'
Revolt.TV Debuts Real-Time News, Music Feed
Dealership Media Strategy Is Key
Lotame Adds Eric Hastings As EVP Of Technology
How Some Major 'Trad' Publishers Are Handling Programmmatic
Programmatic Buying Steps Up for Premium Players
Real-Time Daily - Friday, Nov. 15, 2013
Curiosity Is Not Killing This Cat
OMG Unveils New Global Data Platform
Opening A Can Of Bots - Defining Digital Fraud
Humans Back Non-Human Traffic Protection, Funds Will Be Used To Expand Data Science
5 Ways Brands Can Bring Customer Engagement Back Home
Marketers Frustrated By Data, Stress Real-Time, Quantifiable Results
Hyperbabble Of The Day
Yahoo Japan Launches Premium Video Ad Business, Taps Videology
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Fraud Crusader Says Ad Tech Firms, Others, Continue To Profit From Selling Fraudulent Impressions
Cost Per Viewable Person Is The Metric That Matters
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Facebook Q2 Earnings Bonanza -- Could FAN Be Helping?
Why I Use An Ad Blocker -- And Why I Don't Mind Disabling It
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Easy, Low-Fat Granola
Total Time
1hr 5mins
Prep 5 mins
Cook 1 hr
Granola can be low-fat? Yes, it can!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 2 cups old fashioned oats
- 1 cup crisp rice cereal
- 1 1⁄2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
- 1⁄4 cup walnuts (I use walnut pieces)
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- 1⁄4 cup raw honey
- 1⁄2 cup unsweetened applesauce
- 1⁄4 cup dried cranberries
- Heat oven to 300°F.
- In large bowl combine dry ingredients. Slowly stir in the vanilla, honey and applesauce until combined.
- Spread the mixture evenly on a lightly sprayed baking sheet.
- Bake for 20 minutes. Add in the cranberries, pressing them into the granola. (If you want the cranberries to cook and be a little firm, which the husband and I do, stir them in after 20 minutes. If you're like my brother, leave the cranberries out and add once the granola has cooked completely so they'll stay moist.) Continue cooking for a total of 30 minutes to an hour - stirring every 15 minutes - or until golden brown. If you stir less often, you'll have more clumps in your granola.
- Cool completely and store in an airtight container or divide into individual portions. I divided my batch into 2-ounce servings, 8 servings in all.


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Winter Market in store at Montecito Ristorante
Downtown holiday events also coming soon
As a new business owner, Jennifer Palkowski wants to find many new ways to bring more people to downtown Waukesha.
They've hosted many events and benefits at their restaurant, Montecito Ristorante Lounge, 257 W. Broadway.
And now, Palkowski and her husband, Dale, are welcoming the popular Farmers Market into their restaurant for the winter.
"It's just something that we decided to do to bring more foot traffic to downtown Waukesha," Palkowski said. "So we thought what better way than to do it in the winter."
The Winter Farmers Market begins Nov. 17 and will take place from 8 a.m. to noon every first and third Saturday through April.
Palkowski said this will lead into next year's regularly scheduled Farmers Market, which begins in May. This year's Farmers Market, located on Broadway to Barstow on the Riverfront Plaza, saw more than 100 vendors.
The downtown Waukesha Business Improvement District Board, currently inactive due to mass resignations, previously ran the Farmers Market.
Palkowski said while some vendors for the winter could set up in the restaurant's outdoor sidewalk café area depending on weather, they will mostly be inside in the dining room. She said there is enough room for 25 vendors.
She said some of the same vendors from the summer could be used during the winter and added that they could change from a week-to-week basis.
There will be many food vendors selling the likes of canned goods, cheeses, sausages, soups and jams, as well as craft items, Palkowski added.
A sign will be outside the restaurant to notify people of the new indoor market. Palkowski also said that her restaurant will also serve breakfast on those days.
Other holiday events
Speaking of winter, the Waukesha Downtown Business Association is hosting its usual Silver Bells events, highlighted by the Waukesha Christmas Parade. And this year, the parade reaches a milestone as it is in its 50th year.
Fittingly, the theme for the parade is 50 Years of Golden Christmas Memories. The parade is from 4 to 5:30 p.m. Nov. 18.
Before that, the Holiday Stroll is from noon to 4 p.m. that day. Downtown shops will offer store specials and have an open house.
Carolers will also fill the downtown streets.
A couple days earlier, the Christmas Tree Lighting will take place from 6 to 6:45 p.m. Nov. 16 at The Rotunda, 235 W. Broadway, in downtown Waukesha.
During the tree lighting, the Waukesha Choral Union will sing carols, Santa will make an appearance and a city official will lead the children in a countdown to the tree lighting. In addition to the tree lighting, the Salvation Army will kick off the bell ringing campaign as food and cash donations will be accepted.
Christmas Caroling is also a Silver Bells event.
Anyone is welcome to participate and groups of four to 10 people with at least one adult are encouraged. The caroling will begin Nov. 23 and they will sing from 5 to 8 p.m. Fridays, 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Saturdays and from noon to 4 p.m. Sundays.
If interested, contact The Steaming Cup owner Kerry MacKay at (262) 522-3605.
The final art crawl of the year will take place from 4 to 10 p.m. Dec. 1. Individuals can take the free trolley to art crawl events.
Also beginning on that day will be the Horse Drawn Carriage Rides. Tickets are $5 for adults, $3 for children or $12 for a family of three or more. The carriage rides run on weekends from Dec. 1 through Dec. 29.
A week later, the fourth annual 5K Santa Run/Walk for Charity will be held at 10:30 a.m. Dec. 9. The event supports The Salvation Army of Waukesha County.
The festive run/walk goes through downtown Waukesha and Frame Park.
The registration deadline is Dec. 5.
What: Winter Farmers Market
When: 8 a.m. to noon, first and third Saturdays through April starting Nov. 17
Where: Montecito Ristorante, 257 W. Broadway
More from News and Features
- 2016 Waukesha County Fair coverage
- Our Fair Ladies Blog: Video: Crafting and animal races at the Waukesha County Fair
- Outstanding fees could prevent students from graduation ceremonies
- Studio time gives students opportunity to create
- Stay cool at Hebron House and Jeremy Safe Haven
- Waukesha Salvation Army offering cool place to stay in light of impending heat wave
- Crest owner brings Irish flavor to new venture in downtown Waukesha
- Funeral Services: July 21, 2016 issue
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- Waukesha police report: July 21, 2016 issue


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Erscheinungsjahr: 2010 Director: Scott Charles Stewart Cast: Paul Bettany, Lucas Black, Tyrese Gibson, Adrianne Palicki, Jon Tenney