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Arrow 4 Seasons 2014
Mr. Robot Season 2: New episode available every Thursday
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In the season two premiere, Diggle and Felicity travel to Lian Yu to convince Oliver to return home to Starling City, where he finds things much worse than he imagined.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 10 October 2013
When medicine for Glades Memorial Hospital is being hijacked by thieves, Oliver gets into a heated battle with China White and her new partner, the Bronze Tiger, over the supplies.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 17 October 2013
When a dangerous criminal from Lance's past (MICHAEL EKLUND) escapes from prison, Felicity offers herself up as bait so Arrow, Diggle and Lance can capture him...but plans go awry.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 41 minutes Release date: 24 October 2013
When an illegal gun-runner who goes by the name "The Mayor" (CLE BENNETT) seriously injures Sin (BEX TAYLOR-KLAUS), The Canary (CAITY LOTZ) sets out for revenge.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 31 October 2013
While Oliver tends to the Canary's wounds, he tries to get her to talk. But when they're both attacked by the League of Assassins, she confesses that she's connected.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 7 November 2013
Diggle heads to Russia to follow a lead on Deadshot (MICHAEL ROWE) in Moscow. When Oliver and Felicity decide to join him, things get complicated when Isabel shows up as well.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 14 November 2013
With a mysterious Vertigo-related illness sweeping the city (and both Diggle and Felicity in danger) Oliver must choose between stopping the Count or standing by his family.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 21 November 2013
After a seemingly impossible robbery at Queen Consolidated, Central City's police scientist Barry Allen (GRANT GUSTIN) offers to help Oliver and his team.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 5 December 2013
After a fight with Cyrus Gold (aka the Acolyte), Oliver is drugged and left for dead. Determined to save him, Felicity's cure causes Oliver to hallucinate, and confront his past.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 12 December 2013
Oliver confronts a new threat when bombs start to go off in Starling City...planted by a man named Shrapnel, who's next targeting Sebastian Blood's Unity Rally.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 16 January 2014
When Laurel asks the Arrow to investigate Sebastian Blood, Oliver is unsure whether to believe her accusations. But when they get too close to the truth, Blood strikes back.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 23 January 2014
Arrow offers to train Roy so he can learn to control his newfound super-strength. But, Roy refuses to listen unless Arrow reveals his true identity, which Oliver refuses to do.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 40 minutes Release date: 30 January 2014
As Laurel continues to unravel, Oliver and Lance try to convince Sara to stay in Starling city and reunite with Laurel and their mother - but the League of Assassins wants Sara back.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 6 February 2014
As Oliver brings Sara into the team, Felicity starts to feel left out. To prove her worth, she goes after a villain named William Tockman, a.k.a. The Clock King (ROBERT KNEPPER).AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 27 February 2014
Oliver is shocked to learn that Slade has come to Starling City. Back on the island, Oliver tries to hide the secret of Shado's death and the battle begins.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 6 March 2014
Amanda Waller recruits Diggle for the Suicide Squad - including Deadshot, Bronze Tiger (MICHAEL JAI WHITE) and Shrapnel (SEAN MAHER) - but Diggle's not so sure.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 20 March 2014
When Frank Bertinelli is arrested, it's only a matter of time before his daughter, The Huntress, returns. When she takes hostages including Laurel, Sara (aka Canary) takes action.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 27 March 2014
Slade makes his move against Oliver - and the repercussions are enormous. While Oliver scrambles to protect his family, Isabel angles to take Queen Consolidated away from him.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 3 April 2014
Oliver and the team return to the lair and find Slade waiting for them. An epic battle breaks out and Oliver is faced with a choice - his battle with Slade or his family.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 17 April 2014
After the Mirakuru sends Roy into an uncontrollable rage and he unleashes on the city, Oliver realizes it's taken over completely, and he must figure out a way to stop him.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 24 April 2014
After Slade threatens to take away everything Oliver loves, Oliver decides the fastest way to stop further bloodshed is to surrender - an option that will lead to his death.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 1 May 2014
As Slade's soldiers attack the city, Oliver rallies his team and Felicity gets a call from S.T.A.R. Labs with game-changing news. Thea comes face to face with Malcolm Merlyn.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 8 May 2014
In the Season Two Finale, Oliver must decide once and for all whether he's a killer or a hero when Slade moves forward with his plan to kill one more person in Oliver's life.AGES-15-AND-OVER Runtime: 42 minutes Release date: 14 May 2014
|Action & Adventure, Crime
|Season year
|The CW
|Purchase rights
|Stream instantly Details
|Amazon Video (streaming online video)
Arrow is probably one of the best DC series I've seen so farPublished 19 days ago by Amazon Customer
If this is your first time watching Arrow, just note that this is the last good season before it takes a turn for the worse in seasons 3 and 4. Read morePublished 20 days ago by Amar
Yay! Better than the first, which was also exciting. Characters keep getting more interesting. Still a watcher.Published 29 days ago by Suki
Great series, I have ordered next series and look forward to watchingPublished 1 month ago by Amazon Customer
The story continues in the second season of arrow. Following Tommy's death at the end of season 1, Olly went back to the Island, Laurel has turned her back on Arrow, his sister... Read morePublished 2 months ago by hayley loader


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MS walk taking donations nowMay 03,2013Participants in the annual "Walk MS" fundraiser are taking donations.
The event, which raises money for multiple sclerosis education, support, advocacy and services, is scheduled for May 11. Participants will walk 2- or 4.5-mile routes starting from Rutland High School.
Each walker, who must be a minimum of 12 years old, is required to raise at least $25. Teams and individuals can register at walkMSgne.org, by calling (800) 344-4867 or in person the day of the event. Donations in support of walkers may also be made at walkMSgne.org.MORE IN This Just In
Full StoryPHILADELPHIA First lady Michelle Obama stepped into the presidential election Monday with a... Full StoryMONTPELIER Five complaints of professional misconduct have been filed against a Windham County... Full Story
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Today's new star Sylvia Jeffreys opens up about her romance with Karl's Stefanovic's brother and how he's 'thrilled' about her big job
Long distance love: New Today show presenter Sylvia Jeffreys, pictured on set on Friday, is dating Karl Stefanovic's brother Peter
She's just landed the biggest break of her career replacing Georgie Gardner as the Today show news presenter.
But 28-year-old Sylvia Jeffreys has revealed that when she called her boyfriend Peter Stefanovic, Nine news correspondent and brother of Karl, to tell him of her life changing news he was asleep.
The beautiful blonde told the MailOnline that upon receiving the news of her new, highly coveted gig on Thursday, she phoned her boyfriend who was on assignment in Italy.
'He was asleep when I found out, but he's really excited and really thrilled for me. He knows it's a wonderful opportunity for me and a terrific role,' she said.
The pair met and fell in love whilst working together on the Today show earlier this year, unfortunately Peter then had to return to Europe where he is based as Nine's news correspondent.
Despite the distance the bubbly blonde revealed their relationship was stronger than ever.
'Everything is great [between us], she said laughing.
And although he won't be able to celebrate with her tonight, the couple plan to spend time together soon.
'We've got a few trips booked in, there's always something to look forward to.'
But she couldn't reveal whether rumours that he's due to move back to Australia are true.
'His next step is in the hands of the boss, you'll have to ask them what he has in store,' she said.
Sylvia will have to make do with spending time with his brother Karl instead, she joked about the lovable larrikin's reaction to her new role.
Happy couple: The pair met and fell in love while working on the Today show together at the beginning of the year, when Sylvia posted this snap on Instagram. Unfortunately Peter then had to return to Europe where he works as Nine's news correspondent. It's thought he plans to relocate to Australia if he gets the green light from bosses
'He's been wonderful': The gorgeous blonde revealed her boyfriend's brother Karl, who will star beside her on the Today show, has been very supportive - as well as cracking lots of jokes
'He had a dig at me, as he does, he had a laugh, he cracked a few jokes and then he was wonderful, she said.
'He's been wonderful and he's always been very supportive and generous to me and he was really thrilled for me - or he said so anyway! You never quite know with Karl.'
She later revealed that Georgie had promised to share tips for 'taming' the rogueish presenter who is known for his outlandish behaviour.
There's a new anchor in town! The 28-year-old was announced as 43-year-old Georgie Gardner's replacement on the Today show on Friday. She will take over the role from Monday June 9 and said she was 'had big shoes to fill'
The Queensland-born journalist and Weekend Today presenter was announced as the new anchor on Friday morning and will start her new role on Monday June 9.
Brothers in arms: Peter (left) with his brother Karl (right) at the Logie awards in 2011
Georgie Gardner, 43, delivered the big news on Friday's show alongside her colleagues Lisa Wilkinson, Karl Stefanovic, Richard Wilkins and Ben Fordham, saying: 'It's a great pleasure to announce Sylvia Jeffrey as the replacement.'
The beautiful blonde only found out about her new appointment yesterday and said it has been a rollercoaster 24 hours.
She said: 'It's a dream job, it's a role that i know will bring alot of fulfillment, excitement and challenges but I look forward to taking it all on.
'Who wouldn't want to be part of that team? It's the best team in television, I look forward to getting up very early!'
The successful blonde revealed her biggest fear was her alarm clock 'malfunctioning' as she prepares to get up at 3am to make the early shift.
Despite not having been able to celebrate properly get she plans to spend the weekend sleeping not partying, in order to 'bank' some hours ahead of the grueling schedule.
But having stepped into the role before, the self proclaimed 'nanna' said she's now a pro at 'power napping'.
While she's daunted and a little bit 'terrified' of filling Georgie's shoes, she said the older lady, who's 15 years her senior has promised to be on call if she needs any advice and the pair plan to discuss all the ins and outs of the role over a girly lunch.
Part of the family! The Sydney-based journalist pictured on the coach with (from left) Ben Fordham, Georgie Gardner, Lisa Wilkinson, Richard Wilkins and Karl Stefanovic
Joining the Nine network in 2009 Sylvia started her career in Brisbane where she cut her teeth working on high-profile news reports such as the devastating 2010-11 Queensland floods and the destructive tropical Cyclone Yasi.
The rising star quickly made her way through the ranks before moving to Nine's Sydney headquarters in 2012 when she worked as a reporter on the Today show before going on to co-host Weekend Today, as well as presenting the weather on the evenings news bulletin.
Her spot on Weekend Today will be filled by Wendy Kingston who will return from maternity leave to take over the role as news presenter.
The glamorous blonde is no stranger to the Today show and has previously stepped in to cover for the presenters and will no doubt handle the new appointment with her signature professionalism.
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text: email@example.com NPR Digital Services RSS Generator 0.94 From WNYC in New York City, Radiolab is a show about curiosity. Where sound illuminates ideas, and the boundaries blur between science, philosophy, and human experience. NPR Digital Services RSS Generator 0.94 Radiolab Sun, 24 Jul 2016 21:50:40 +0000 Radiolab http://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab Empty RSS feed.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 1984
|Filing date
|Dec 14, 1981
|Priority date
|Dec 14, 1981
|Fee status
|Publication number
|William C. Voight
|Original Assignee
|Voight William C
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (14), Classifications (5), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention and the invention described in co-pending application Ser. No. 332,449, filed on Dec. 21, 1981, relate to the field of electronic, switching-mode power supplies and, in particular, to regulator circuits for electronic switching-mode power supplies employing blocking oscillators.
2. Prior Art
The use of switching elements in electronic power supplies is well known in the present state of the art. The advantages of such power supplies include higher efficiency, lower weight and smaller size in comparison to analog power supplies. At some power levels, switching-mode power supplies are even less costly than their analog counterparts.
The size and weight advantages of switching-mode power supplies are achieved by operating their transformers and other magnetic components at high frequencies. In a conventional power supply, the transformer is operated directly from the main power source and, accordingly, is operated at the frequency of the power source.
The size advantages of commercial switching-mode power supplies result from the operation of the power transformers at a frequency well above that of standard power line frequencies. In fact, it is usually well into the high audio frequency or ultrasonic frequency range. Dramatic miniaturization is thus achieved, albeit at the expense of somewhat greater circuit complexity.
For the same power levels, a conventional transformer will vary in size approximately inversely with frequency. As frequencies become higher and higher, cores having suitable core loss characteristics cause the relationship to become less favorable since the so-called "low-loss" materials may have low maximum flux density capabilities. Thus, the core size itself will be larger than would be predicted if a change in core material was not required. Nonetheless, transformers having extraordinarily high volt-amp ratings per unit volume, are made possible by operation at the high frequencies possible with switching-mode circuitry.
Because the switching-mode power supply is lightweight and has such superior compactness, it has become more and more the design of choice for small, semi-portable equipment. In fact, the use of switching-mode supplies is now being seen in applications which were once thought to be the exclusive domain of analog supplies such as in small digital computers, in particular those intended for small business applications, where compactness is considered an important attribute for ease of installation in an office environment.
The conventional approach to design of switching-mode power supplies has been to employ a magnetically-coupled multivibrator which uses a pair of high-efficiency, solid-state switches, each alternately switching one-half of a center-tapped transformer primary to cause a square-wave having peak voltage equal to twice the center-tap voltage to appear across the entire primary. On alternate half-cycles, the primary current flows first in one side of the primary through the switch which is on, then through the other side of the primary and its associated switch, each for one-half of the period of the supplier basis operating frequency.
The search for cost-effective ways to achieve a regulated switching-mode power supply has led to the adoption in recent years of the blocking oscillator and its variants as the basic power converter design. Although somewhat touchy in terms of start-up and wide load-range operation, the blocking oscillator is a highly efficient circuit both in terms of its power processing efficiency and its parts cost. Instead of a pair of switching transistors and a series-pass transistor as required for a regulated conventional DC-DC converter, the blocking oscillator-based power supply requires but a single switching transistor which can be made to perform the functions of both chopping the unregulated direct current supplied to the input, and regulating the voltage produced at the output.
In addition to the reduction in parts count, the blocking oscillator-based power supply can be rendered in a design which does not require the switching transistors to see twice the input voltage, as does the standard DC-DC converter. Instead the power switch sees a theoretical maximum voltage of significantly less than twice the input voltage, depending upon the duty cycle which is chosen for its operation. Thus, operation of the supply directly from a 220 volt rectified main power source is possible, even using currently available semi-conductor devices.
Existing regulator designs for switching mode supplier are deficient in that they do not take account of the idiosyncracies which can occur in the operation of these supplies particularly with regard to overload condition and no-load conditions. Moreover, existing designs are somewhat elaborate for the functions they perform and are therefore not economical to produce.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved regulator circuit for operation with a blocking oscillator based power supply which reliably regulates all output voltages against line and load variations, and which is simple and economical to manufacture.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a blocking oscillator based power supply regulator which has current foldback under overload fault conditions.
Briefly, the present invention accomplishes these and other objects by providing an error amplifier which senses the output voltage of the supplies and compares it with a standard reference voltage. The error signal is then summed with an opposite signal ramp voltage whose magnitude is proportional to the volt-sec/turn impressed on the transformer windings at the input of a comparator which has hysteresis. Generation of the ramp is initiated by a pulse derived from the power transformer secondary and is in synchronism with the waveform of the main power switch. When sufficient ramp voltage is generated to cause the comparator to switch, a pulse is generated to cause the main power switch to turn off. Variation of the error voltage thus causes the ramp time to vary in a way which opposes changes in the voltage at the load, thereby regulating the voltage which is delivered to the load.
FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a blocking oscillator based power supply in accordance with the present invention in which the primary regulator circuitry is shown in detail.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the current and voltage waveforms of the regulator circuit described in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1 there is shown a blocking oscillator-based, switching-mode power supply in accordance with the present invention. Unregulated direct current from an external source is presented to the inputs of the power supply at 101 and 102. In a frequently employed embodiment, the direct current needed for operation of the supply and for processing for delivery to the load is provided by direct rectification and filtering of an AC main.
Current from the unregulated source is caused to flow through transformer 11 by means of alternately switching the solid state switch, transistor 12, ON and OFF.
Current builds in the primary inductance of transformer 11 until transistor 12 is turned "OFF". Upon turn-off, a path for primary current flows ceases causing the magnetic field produced by the primary to collapse, in turn causing a voltage opposite in sign to that originally impressed on the primary to appear across the primary coil. The phasing of secondary windings, and the polarity of secondary rectifiers is chosen so that conduction in the secondary circuitry occurs only during the flyback time of the primary waveform. Thus, energy is stored in transformer 11's primary during the ON-time of transistor 12 and is transformed into the secondary of transformer 11 during the OFF-time of transistor 12.
Since the primary current increases linearly with time elapsed since the beginning of the cycle, control of the ON-time of transistor 12 controls the value of the peak current to which the primary current is allowed to build. ON-time of, and therefore peak current through, transistor 12 is controlled by transistor 14 which is in turn controlled by transformer 15 and the regulator ON-time current circuitry 3. Control of ON-time current and therefore peak current is provided in response to the output of reference amplifier 17 which is in turn responsive to the differential between a sample of the output voltage and a reference voltage presented to the comparator at inputs 111 and 112 respectively.
In most general terms, an increase in voltage at the load 20 results in an output from reference amplifier 17 which causes the ON-time control circuitry 3 to produce a pulse which is coupled through transformer 15 to transistor 14 and which in turn cuts off base drive to transistor 12. A reduction in load voltage causes the base drive to transistor 12 to be allowed to remain on for a longer period of time. Since the ON-time of transistor 12 controls the amount of energy stored in the primary inductance of transformer 11, it follows that the amount of such energy stored during each cycle is controlled by controlling the ON-time of transistor 12 in response to the output of reference amplifier 17.
Thus, by proportionately increasing or decreasing ON-time, in response to changes in the voltage appearing across load 20, it may be seen that the circuit regulates the output voltage, maintaining it within pre-established values. Since the main transformer 11 isolates the load from the line voltage, and since transformer 15 isolates the control feedback loop from the load, it may also be seen that the load can be referenced to any convenient point without regard for the reference of the input, and that the feedback loop nonetheless operates effectively around the power transformer 11. This allows operation of the power supply directly from a main power source without need for an intervening, bulky, line-frequency isolation transformer, since isolation of source and load is achieved by means of the high-frequency transformers 11 and 15.
The circuit of FIG. 1 may now be evaluated in more detail with emphasis upon the features which comprise the present invention. Under initial start-up conditions, base drive is zero to both transistors 12 and 14, and current is not flowing through the collector circuit of either transistor. Unregulated direct current is applied to inputs 101 and 102, which initially causes current to flow in resistor 21, through resistor 22. The current flow through resistor 21 is initially into capacitor 23 which charges through winding 107/108 through diode 26 and resistor 28 until the voltage on the capacitor equals the threshold voltage of the base of transistor 12. At that point, current is diverted into the base and charge increase on capacitor 23 is stopped leaving a slight, approximately 0.7 V. charge on the capacitor. Resistor 21 is much higher in value than resistor 22 so that once circuit operation is established in steady state conditions, its effect is minimal.
The small initial current flow into the base of transistor 12 causes a higher magnitude current to begin to flow in the collector circuit of transistor 12 and through the primary windings 105/106 of transformer 11. As flux builds up in the core of the transformer, voltage is induced in a secondary winding 107/108 causing capacitor 23 to be charged in a reverse direction through the current loop consisting of resistor 22 and the base of transistor 12.
Since the current flowing into the base due to charging of capacitor 23 is in phase with the current provided by resistor 22, further conduction is possible through the collector circuit of transistor 12. Further increases in collector current in turn cause corresponding increases in the current through capacitor 23, which itself in turn regeneratively increases the conduction through the collector. When sufficient base current is provided to drive the collector of transistor 12 into saturation, the full available supply voltage is impressed across the primary winding of transformer 11 causing the full value of the secondary voltage of winding 107/108 to appear at capacitor 23. Capacitor 23 thus discharges through resistor 21 and the base of transistor 12 according to the time constant of the circuit, with an allowance being made for base-emitter voltage drop at transistor 12, a factor which is slightly influenced by the base current supplied from the proportional base drive circuitry described below.
When steady-state conditions are established, each cycle's drive is initiated on a cycle by cycle basis through the action of winding 107/108, coupled through capacitor 23. Following the flyback time when the magnetic field stored in the primary of transformer 11 has collapsed to the point at which the secondary rectifiers have ceased conduction, the primary voltage drops to zero and continues negatively due to the transformer leakage inductance, thereby again inducing a base-drive voltage at winding 107/108 which again drives transistor 12 into conduction thereby repeating the cycle.
During the ON portion of each cycle of operation, transistor 12 provides a path through which current can flow in the primary of transformer 12 as described above. The voltage impressed across the primary causes the current to increase in the primary of transformer 11 linearly at a rate determined by the value of the impressed voltage and the value of the primary inductance. The level to which the current is allowed to increase is determined by the ON-time of transistor 12, which in turn is determined by the ON-time control circuitry in response to the sensed load requirements.
Regulation of the secondary output voltage is obtained by adjusting the level of the peak to which the current is allowed to build in the primary of transformer 11, by the expedient of reducing the ON time for transistor 12.
The energy which is temporarily stored in the primary of transformer 11 is proportional to the square of the current at any given time. The peak energy is therefore proportional to the square of the current at its peak. However, the current value itself increases linearly with respect to time from a value of zero, at the time of initial turn-on of the transistor 12, to its peak.
Since the flux linkages around transformer 11 are, in theory, constant, the volt-second integrals for the pulse waveform during the transistor 12 ON time, and the pulse waveform for the OFF time are equivalent, although opposite in sign. Thus, when the ON time of transistor 12 is reduced, the OFF time is reduced by a proportional amount. However, as noted above, the energy stored in the transformer for each pulse is proportional to the square of the peak current. Therefore, even though the value of the volt-second integrals must remain equal regardless of the operating frequency, the energy stored per pulse varies as the square of the ON time period thereby effecting overall a reduction in the rate of storage and dissipation of energy, i.e. the power processed through the transformer. The net effect is that as the load requirements change, the ON time of transistor 12 decreases as does the OFF-time by a proportional amount. This causes an increase in the pulse repetition rate of the oscillator. However, although the pulses are more frequent, each pulse's energy content is decreased by a ratio which is greater than the proportional increase in the number of pulses. Thus, by regulating the ON time of transistor 12, and indirectly regulating the frequency of the oscillator, the amount of power processed through transformer 11 can be controlled.
As the input line voltage changes, the time required to reach a given peak primary current is proportionally reduced. The ON time is therefore shortened and an increase in operating frequency results. An increase in operating frequency with all other factors remaining constant however, increase the energy flow from primary to secondary, thereby causing an increase in output voltage to the load. Accordingly to maintain a constant output voltage, the ON time must be further still reduced to the point at which the energy flow from primary is balanced by that required in the secondary. This adjustment of ON-time occurs automatically and smoothly by operation of the regulator circuitry.
Diodes 26 and 27, and resistor 28, comprise the elements of a simple current-limiting circuit which prevents excessive collector current and excessive power dissipation in transistor 12 during initial turn-on inrush, or due to load faults. Current through transistor 12 is sensed by voltage drop across resistor 28. Resistor 28 is chosen to have a low value of resistance so that the voltage dropped across the resistor is a small percentage of the primary voltage. The emitter of transistor 14 is referred to the low potential side of resistor 28 to provide the lowest available potential into which base current may be directed.
Current flow through resistor 28 causes a voltage drop to appear across the resistor. The base of transistor 14 cannot be attached directly to the top of the current sense resistor since to do so would prevent turn-off pulses from transformer 15 being effective. Thus, diode 27 is employed to couple the current sense voltage to the base of transistor 14, thereby providing isolation of the current sense and turn-off pulse circuitry except when over-current conditions occur. Diode 26 serves as a low, fixed-voltage bias source to offset the voltage drop across diode 27. Since the diodes are of similar material, approximate temperature compensation is also effected by this arrangement.
During overcurrent conditions, the voltage developed across current sense resistor 28 increases to the point that the base-emitter threshold voltage of transistor 14 is exceeded, causing base current to flow into the base of transistor 14. When base current of sufficient amplitude is flowing, the collector of transistor 14 sinks a portion of the current which flows through the junction of the collector of transistor 14 and the base of transistor 12, thereby diverting base drive away from the main power switch, transistor 12.
As transistor 12 pulls out of saturation, collector current is diverted into capacitor 32 which continues current flow through the current sense resistor 28 insuring that base current continues to be diverted away from transistor 12 through transistor 14. Simultaneously the loss of current flow through transistor 12 reduces the base drive available through the proportional base drive circuitry, thereby causing the turn-off to proceed regeneratively. To a lesser degree, turn-off is also assisted by the regenerative coupling through transformer windings 107/108 of transformer 11.
Referring still to FIG. 1, on the secondary side, enclosed within the dotted lines in the figure is shown a schematic diagram of a regulator embodying the principles of the present invention.
Error amplifier 42 receives inputs from a reference voltage source which is derived from the stabilized B+ bus through a voltage divider comprised of resistors 57, 58 and 59. Suitable adjustments are made possible by adjustment of resistor 59 so that the reference voltage can establish precisely the desired output voltage from the supplies. The reference voltage is applied to the non-inverting input of error amplifier 42. A second input to the error amplifier 42 is derived by sensing the outputs of the supplies, namely the +12 volt and +5 volt buses an combining the two through a voltage divider comprised of resistors 60, 61 and 62. In effect, the inverting input of error amplifier 42 sees an average sense voltage based upon sensing both 12 volt and 5 volt supplies simultaneously.
Comparator 41 receives inputs from error amplifier 42 combined with the output of the ramp generator consisting of transistor 43 capacitor 44 and resistor 45. The threshold of comparator 41 is the return bus to which the remainder of the regulator circuitry is referenced. The output of error amplifier 42 is positive under quiescent conditions and, in the absence of a suitable input to the ramp generator, provides a positive voltage to the non-inverting input of comparator 41 by means of resistors 46 and 47. Comparator 41 is preferably given some degree of hysteresis in order to immunize the circuit against noise. Hysteresis is provided by means of the positive feedback to the non-inverting input through resistor 48.
The output of comparator 41 is normally high when the input of the non-inverting input 50 is positive. Thus transistor 53 is biased off by means of resistors 52 and 49. When the non-inverting input of comparator 41 is caused to reach the threshold voltage and go below the threshold voltage the output of comparator 41 is driven to ground causing current to flow from the B+ bus through the base of transistor 53 and toward ground through resistor 49. With current flow in the base of PNP transistor 53, a sharp positive going collector waveform appears across the primary of transformer 54 causing primary current to flow and transforming across the transformer a positive going pulse to the base of transistor 14. Transistor 14 then sinks the base current otherwise flowing into transistor 12 to ground and terminates the ON-time of the main power switch transistor 12 thereby controlling the secondary output voltage as previously described.
Referring now in detail to the ramp generating circuit it may be seen that transistor 43 is for most of the period of oscillation operated as an inverting-mode, low saturation voltage switch. Operation in the inverting mode produces collector to emitter saturation voltages of only milivolts. Thus, when transistor 43 is provided with base current by virtue of a positive waveform at the secondary winding 111/112, transistor 43 provides a low impedence path for discharge of capacitor 44, which discharge can be virtually complete due to the low voltage of the collector to emitter voltage of transistor 43. Thus, each cycle of the ramp generator begins with capacitor 44 discharged to virtually zero volts, assuring an accurate repeatable ramp voltage proportional to the primary current.
Referring now to FIG. 2 there is shown the waveform in a typical operating condition of winding 111/112. The positive going portion of the wave occurs during the time that energy is being dumped from the primary inductance of transformer 11 into the secondary rectifiers and filters. The negative portion of the waveform occurs when the primary power switch transistor 12 is on causing current to build up in the primary of transformer 11. Since it is desired to control the timing of the main power switch, transistor 12, in order to regulate the supply's output, the waveform present at windings 111/112 presents a useful point to derive timing signals for application to the regulator circuitry.
Winding 111/112 initiates the generation of voltage ramp across capacitor 44 as follows. When positive, transistor 43 clamps capacitor 44 to zero volts as described above. When the waveform goes negative, transistor 43 is not conducting being biased off by operation of resistor 55. The negative waveform present at the bottom of resistors 55 and 45 then provides a charging path for charging capacitor 44 negatively. It should be noted that capacitor 44 is required to charge to but a small voltage. In practice the waveform amplitude across capacitor 44 is limited to less than one volt. It should also be noted that for the small amplitude of charge which will be built up on capacitor 44, the voltage on the capacitor is a small percentage of the total voltage impressed across the ramp generator circuitry. Thus, to a very high degree of accuracy, an approximation may be made that the capacitor charges linearly as if charged by a perfect current source, rather than as if charged by a high value resistor in series with a voltage source as is the true case.
It may also be noted that the charging rate for capacitor 44 is directly affected by and is proportional to the amplitude of the negative portion of the waveform, the amplitude of which itself is proportional to the maximum primary voltage impressed across the primary of transformer 11. The primary voltage is in turn a direct function of the line voltage which is applied to the input of the unit. Therefore, as line voltage changes occur, the charging rate across capacitor 44 changes proportionately in a direction which tends to maintain operating conditions around the entire supply in a stable, steady condition.
A small amount of feed forward is provided to the input of the comparator by resistor 54 which to a first approximation renders peak output current independent of live voltage.
It should be noted that the voltage ramp which is produced at capacitor 44 is an exact analog of the current flowing in the primary of transformer 11. Thus, the secondary portion of the regulator commands the primary switch to turn off at a current level which is specified by the error amplifier in order to maintain the outputs of the supply at their design values. Although the primary voltage may fluctuate causing a change in the rate at which the current increases, in the primary of transformer 11 the change is transmitted immediately to the ramp generator which, it will be recalled, is responsive to primary voltage changes since they are coupled directly through winding 111/112, the voltage source from which the ramp current is derived.
In comparison to a conventional regulator which relies upon control of an averaged ON-time, the present regulator design can respond much more rapidly to accommodate changes in load and line voltage.
The primary circuitry of the power supply has a built in current limiter which limits the peak current which can be achieved in the primary of transformer 11 regardless of the status of control signals derived from the secondary. The main current limiting function is provided however by the secondary portion of the regulator.
This function is accomplished by taking advantage of the correlation between ON-time of the pass transistor 12 and the charge on capacitor 44. It will be recalled that the current through the primary series pass transistor 12 increases linearly with time. The charge, and therefore the voltage on capacitor 44 also increases linearly with time. Thus as previously described the voltage on the capacitor is an analog of current in the main power switch, transistor 12, at any given time. Moreover, it is the controlling function for cutting off transistor 12. As a result, limiting the maximum voltage to which capacitor 44 is allowed to charge before transistor 12 is required to turn off has the direct effect of limiting the maximum current to which the primary current can build.
Limitation of the voltage to which capacitor 44 is required to build before the threshold of comparator 41 is reached is in turn limited by placing restraints on the voltage which can be seen at the positive input to the summing network, resistor 46. This is accomplished by providing a clamp diode 64 for the output of error amplifier 42 which constrains its output to a level only slightly more positive than its input. When output voltages fall causing the input to the error amplifier 42 to also fall, the error amplifier 42 initially attempts to demand a longer and longer ON-time for the main power switch, transistor 12. However only a limited additional amount of current can be delivered alone, as the error amplifier output goes high, in the sense required to produce more current, the output is clamped at one diode drop above the input.
If overload conditions increase beyond the point at which current limiting occurs, the current delivered to the load is reduced by a foldback circuit consisting of diode 63 in conjunction with the reference voltage dividers resistor 57, 58 and 59.
To understand the operation of the current foldback scheme it must be realized first that the output of a blocking oscillator having current limiting which is effected by means of a common pass transistor is inherently power limited as to all outputs That is to say the combination of power consumption from all outputs is inherently limited by the total current which can be switched by the main power transistor 12. That current is in turn inherently limited by the operation of the current limiter just described. Therefore, if one output becomes overloaded and is caused to fall in amplitude, all other outputs will be similarly affected. In view of this, it is necessary to sense but one output of the several available to activate the current foldback feature. In the present case, the output of the 5 V. supply is chosen as a convenient voltage to sense, the anode of diode 63 is attached to the midpoint of resistors 57 and 58. The cathode of diode 63 is directly connected to the 5 V. supply output. Under normal quiescent conditions, diode 63 is reverse biased and has no offset upon the operation of the regulator. Under fault conditions however, the voltage of the 5 V, output, and all others as previously explained, will fall. At a point determined by the ratio of the resistors 57 and 58 in the reference voltage divider, diode 63 will begin to conduct causing the voltage applied to the non-inverting input of error amplifier 42 to fall. As the error amplifier output 42 falls, the voltage to which the ramp at capacitor 44 must increase before the comparator 41 switches is also diminished. In effect, the regulator sees a requirement for less and less ON-time of transistor 12. Thus, less and less energy is stored in each cycle in the primary of transformer 11 and less and less energy per pulse is transferred to the secondaries of the transformer.
Since inrush at initial turn-on may cause current demands in excess of the current limit point, it is necessary to provide a slow turn-on of the supply to avoid undefined operating modes caused by the current limiter attempting to operate to prevent supply of the initial inrush requirement. Slow turn-on is accomplished by means of capacitor 40 which causes a slow ramping-up of the reference voltage, thus allowing the inrush charge to be supplied over a sufficiently long time period to avoid peaks which trip the current limit point.
To provide for satisfactory regulator operation, a source for supply to the regulator circuitry itself must be provided under all operating conditions. This objective is easily met when the supply is operating normally for then the supply outputs themselves provide a satisfactory source. During overload conditions, however, when the supply outputs are overloaded and at sub-normal voltage, the flyback voltage will be held to within a few tenths of a volt of the output itself. The present invention takes advantage of the usually unused portion of the operating cycle to provide for this contingency.
The primary circuit will attempt to continue oscillating and therefore will provide a source for operating the regulator if the proper portion of the waveform is selected to provide regulator operating power. Consider that under normal operating conditions, the ON-time of the primary switch, transistor 12, causes the full line voltage to be impressed across the transformer. Thus, on the secondaries, a higher voltage is present during the ON-time then during flyback. Rectification of this voltage provides a source which will allow regulator operation continuously even when the flyback voltage is clamped virtually to ground.
A network for the derivation of operating power under fault and normal conditions is comprised of diodes 66 and 67 and capacitor 68. Under normal conditions, current is derived from the 12 V. supply output directly. Capacitor 68 provides some additional filtering under normal conditions but is otherwise ineffective.
Under fault conditions, if the 12 V. supply drops below pre-established limits, pulse of somewhat less than 12 V. are coupled through diode 66 from winding 115/116. The opposite polarity is chosen so that the pulse is coupled during the forward current rather than the flyback portion of the cycle.
The two diodes 66 and 67 isolate their respective sources depending upon which is the lower in amplitude. During fault conditions, current pulses through diode 66 are smoothed by capacitor 68.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 28, 1968
|May 26, 1970
|United Aircraft Corp
|Output-transformerless static inverter
|Mar 1, 1968
|Aug 4, 1970
|Technipower Inc
|Self-oscillating switching type power supply
|Jun 16, 1980
|Nov 17, 1981
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Flyback converter control with feed forward
|Mar 2, 1981
|Aug 31, 1982
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Switching power supply
|Oct 1, 1980
|Oct 19, 1982
|Motorola, Inc.
|Dual mode DC/DC converter
|IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Flyback Converter System", R. P. Rizzo, vol. 23, No. 8, Jan. 1981.
|IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Power Supply with Optical Isolator", A. J. Bowen, G. M. Heiling, L. T. Lemke, vol. 14, No. 11, Apr. 1972.
|IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Flyback Converter System , R. P. Rizzo, vol. 23, No. 8, Jan. 1981.
|IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Power Supply with Optical Isolator , A. J. Bowen, G. M. Heiling, L. T. Lemke, vol. 14, No. 11, Apr. 1972.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 27, 1983
|Aug 26, 1986
|Astec Components, Ltd.
|Current driven flyback power supply
|Dec 13, 1985
|Jun 16, 1987
|Siliconix Incorporated
|Power supply having dual ramp control circuit
|Jul 22, 1985
|Jul 28, 1987
|Intersil, Inc.
|Pulse position modulated regulation for power supplies
|Oct 19, 1988
|Jun 6, 1989
|Spectra-Physics, Inc.
|Off-line dc power supply
|Mar 31, 1988
|Aug 29, 1989
|Yokogawa Electric Corporation
|DC power supply with improved output stabilizing feedback
|Oct 19, 1989
|Jun 26, 1990
|Rca Licensing Corporation
|Switch-mode power supply with transformer-coupled feedback
|Oct 19, 1989
|Jul 10, 1990
|Rca Licensing Corporation
|Synchronized switch-mode power supply
|Aug 6, 1992
|May 31, 1994
|Sundstrand Corporation
|Active no-break power transfer control for a VSCF power generating system
|Mar 26, 1996
|Jan 20, 1998
|Unitrode Corporation
|Power supply controller having frequency foldback and volt-second duty cycle clamp features
|Nov 7, 2000
|Nov 13, 2001
|Sony Corporation
|Switching power supply circuit
|Dec 31, 2003
|Aug 29, 2006
|Intel Corporation
|Regulating voltage applied to an integrated circuit and proxy frequency
|Jun 29, 2012
|Feb 2, 2016
|Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Co., Ltd.
|Load detecting circuits and the method thereof
|Dec 31, 2003
|Jul 7, 2005
|Burton Edward A.
|Regulating voltage applied to an integrated circuit and proxy frequency
|Apr 4, 2013
|Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Co., Ltd.
|Load detecting circuits and the method thereof
|U.S. Classification
|363/19, 363/97
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 6, 1988
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 5, 1988
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 23, 1988
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19880605


text:
Peterson surprises at 1-over through 36
"Our plan today was to go out and try to make pars," said Peterson, who had two birdies and two bogeys in his 70 on Friday. "On Thursday we had five birdies, but we had a double and four bogeys.
"You can make pars out here. You get in trouble when you try to go after flags."
The Fort Worth, Tex. native has played five times on the PGA Tour in 2012. His best finish was a tie for 55th at Mayakoba.
Peterson, who turned pro late last year after being overlooked for a spot on the Walker Cup team, is playing in his first U.S. Open and first major after birdieing his last two holes to get one of the two spots at the Springfield, Ohio sectional.
As an amateur, Peterson tied for second at the Nationwide Tour's Children's Hospital Invitational. Now, he's in contention at a major after not earning his PGA Tour card last fall.
Peterson said he spent the whole month of December deer hunting around his adopted hometown of Baton Rouge. Since then he's played an event each in South Africa and Europe. But mostly he's been trying to Monday qualify into PGA Tour events.
"It's been tough getting my foot into the door," he said. "Once I get my card I think I'll be OK."
Early Friday afternoon, Peterson was on the range trying to bring some crispness to his iron play and looking ahead to a late afternoon Saturday tee time.
"I'm really excited about the weekend," he said. "I proved to myself these last two days that I can play this golf course."
Farrell Evans covers golf for ESPN and can be contacted at email@example.com.


text:
Intermediate Skis - MensProBoardshop has the best selection of Intermediate Skis for those who want to take skiing to the next level. With hundreds of Intermediate Skis from the most trusted brands, ProBoardshop has a pair for you no matter your budget. Our fast free shipping makes it easy to ditch the old sticks and move up a class!
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Size: 170cm, 177cmReg: $575.00 On Sale: $304.95
K2 Wayback Skis 2014
Size: 181cmReg: $720.00 On Sale: $314.95


text:
Discover a selection of top forums pink simplicity on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums pink simplicity and meet other fans of pink simplicity. Then, why don't you create your own forum of pink simplicity ?
Probot. A Perfect MapleStory Bot.
probot, hackvision, where, pros, become, pro'er, maplestory, hacks, maple, story, version, mode, #pink, bean, zakum, level, game


text:
Sponsored by
Prep Presents Concert Series
Date: 12/18/2012
WhereNEC's Jordan Hall Boston, Massachusetts, United States 30 Gainsborough St.
Good for: Family
Price: FREE
NEC says "Thank you, Boston" with the 11-concert "NEC Prep Presents" series. Free admission to ... Read More >>
NEC says "Thank you, Boston" with the 11-concert "NEC Prep Presents" series. Free admission to these concerts by senior Prep ensembles marks our gratitude for community support of NEC's Campus Redevelopment Plan. This performance: Works of Bernstein, Mendelssohn, Stanford, Grieg, Poulenc by the NEC Youth Chorale, Camerata + Jonathan Richter. Hide
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text:
This is my first review on EB, but 50+ review in Russia...
Set: 4899 Tractor
Theme: Farm/City
Minifigs: 1
Parts: 24
Price: I won it on ebay�€� Final price was 3.3$ (incl. shipping)
Year: 2009
This set on BrickSet, BrickLink, Peeron, Bricker
The package
The content
With farm girl from 7637
Mmmmm�€� Rare tan hat�€�
Little farm miniature
And main part of this review �€" the alternative models by Kubik-Rubik
1. The dust spreader
his engine
2. motor cultivator
Easy in use!
Lets go to the virgin lands!
And little tractor upgrade�€�
7 extra-parts - not bad for this little set ^_^
Build: Very simple. 7 extra-parts.
Minifigs: Nice farmer minifig in the tan hat
Price: Very nice ^_^
Overall: Wonderful promo-set to lego city fans!
That is all.
Thank you for your attention!
REVIEW: 4899 Tractor
Started by Kubik-Rubik , Jan 05 2010 09:03 PM
3 replies to this topic
Posted 05 January 2010 - 09:03 PM
From Russia with love...
Posted 05 January 2010 - 09:08 PM
Nice entertaining review. The 'tractor upgrade' looks really fancy and you even managed to make alternate models from it.
New Member? Read This | Questions? Need Help? Ask Here
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Posted 05 January 2010 - 10:27 PM
Great and funny review 'Kubik-Rubik' !
Very cute the little MOD's to make it different farm vehicles just using the parts and spares it comes with - cool !
Good one 'Kubik-Rubik !
Very cute the little MOD's to make it different farm vehicles just using the parts and spares it comes with - cool !
Good one 'Kubik-Rubik !
Posted 05 January 2010 - 10:48 PM
Nice review, I like your additions beside the main model!
Keep up!
Keep up!
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0 members, 0 guests, 0 anonymous users
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text:
2 charged in taped road rage beating on LA freeway
LOS ANGELES (AP) – Two men suspected of kicking the head of another motorist in a videotaped road rage incident have been charged in the beating by Los Angeles County prosecutors.
David Mendez, 21, and Edras A. Ramirez, 27, are each charged with assault with a deadly weapon _ their feet _ and assault by means likely to produce great bodily injury, the district attorney's office said Monday.
The assault captured on video by another motorist showed the men fighting the driver of another car, Jerry Patterson, on June 12 after they stopped their cars on Interstate 5, prosecutors said.
In the video, the men are seen fighting. Patterson is thrown to the pavement and then kicked in the head.
Mendez and Ramirez surrendered to authorities June 20 after the video went viral on the Internet. Arraignment was set for July 13.
The beating victim was also charged with involvement in a similar and separate incident last month, said Long Beach city prosecutor's office spokesman Randall Fudge.
Patterson was arrested without incident Friday in Altadena on an outstanding warrant for suspicion of DUI, hit and run and assault in a May 25 incident.
Patterson is accused of driving recklessly through the area and arguing and assaulting a man who followed him and reported him to police.
Originally slated for Friday, Patterson's arraignment was rescheduled for July 6 to give him time to secure legal representation.
(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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text:
Fourth Wednesday meetup - Bring short scenes from your work in progress or completed script - 5-10 pages is ideal - to read and discuss. First time attendees and contributors are especially encouraged to share work, which should be able to be read / performed in around ten minutes or less allowing plenty of time for discussion and feedback.
Meeting is at the Borderlands Cafe, 870 Valencia st. (between 19th and 20th streets), in the Mission District of San Francisco. The location is easily accessible via BART (Mission & 16th or 24th Street), MUNI 14 or 49 bus or the J-Church.
Please bring printouts of your scenes, enough for as many people as you need to read. There is no pressure to bring work to every meeting. Just bring youself and be prepared to participate and have fun!
Call Howard,[masked] if you have any questions.
Special thanks to Borderlands for providing space for tonights meetup.
Attendance was sparse, but with some new faces with good examples of cultural based writing. Short scenes are more prevalent with each meeting, giving more people a chance to be read. I really think the ten-page limit needs to be adhered to, considering we are limited to two hours.
0 · August 30, 2013
Refunds are not offered for this Meetup.
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text:
...I went on to graduate with highest honors with a B.S. in Mathematics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Because of my love of mathematics, I've always enjoyed teaching mathematics to others. So many children grow up with the idea that math is boring and/or too difficult.
Santa Cruz, CAView Tutor
I have always loved helping others. For this reason, I am pursuing a career in Mathematics with a path to education. Ever since I was in high school I took every opportunity I had to be a tutor and help others on the material they did not understand.
Santa Cruz, CAView Tutor
...Took some great classes there and learned how to help other students being a student tutor and TA for each term after my first quarter for the next four years. Following that I attended NPS studying applied physics with an emphasis in acoustics. I acted as TA part of the time for the physics professor I worked for during my graduate studies.
Pacific Grove, CAView Tutor
...I then went to Humboldt State University and engaged in computational and theoretical chemistry while still dabbling in an organic chemistry lab. I have nine years tutoring experience. I started tutoring while I was a freshman in high school, and continued through college.
Santa Cruz, CAView Tutor
...Even a piece of chalk was a luxury and the "black board" was a slab of concrete painted black and the sun's glare would always make the board hard to read. Teaching in Africa taught me how to adapt my style to be effective in difficult learning environments. I look forward to working with you to help make you a better student.
Soquel, CAView Tutor


text:
Info2cell.com develops Samsung WAP portal for users in the Middle East and Africa region
Info2cell.com, the leading mobile application content and service provider in the Middle East, has announced the successful launch of Samsung's Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) portal for users in the Middle East and Africa region. The new portal, which is developed and powered by Info2cell.com, will allow Samsung mobile phone users access to free downloadable media content and applications like videos, games, ringtones and screen savers. The new offering is the result of a recently formed strategic partnership between Info2cell.com and Samsung, complementing the former's commitment to provide more mobile Value Added Services to its subscribers across countries in the Middle East and Africa.
Under the terms of the new partnership, Samsung will utilize Info2cell.com's Value Added Service platform to develop and host the specialized WAP portal. Samsung mobile phone users can visit the portal and download free java-based games like Diamond Delight and Dot-a-lot; ringtones of some of today's hottest hits; short animated video clips and screensavers and colorful wallpaper displays. All services and content are available in English, Arabic and French.
Bashar Dahabra, Founder and CEO, Info2cell.com, said, "The Middle East region is currently witnessing an increase in both mobile phone users and mobile-related products and services. Realizing this, Samsung, one of the world's leading mobile phone manufacturers, has partnered with us in an effort to provide their customers with key mobile value added services like media content and popular applications. Info2cell.com has developed and powered the new WAP portal that specifically caters to Samsung mobile users and allows them access to free downloadable content."
Top Headlines
- Info2cell.com partners with NetQin to safeguard KSA mobile users from newly detected mobile malware variant 'Transmitter.C'
- Info2cell.com's Euro 2008 coverage through Etisalat's Weyak portal generates major response
- Samsung introduces WDSGlobal's 'Over-the-Air' configuration service in Middle East and Africa
- Info2cell
- Samsung Launches Application Seller Site


text:
Christian Books and Things, submitted by ColinMoore. Religion can be a scary thing, but hey, sometimes it can be good or even great. Why, nothing makes me feel better than picking up some nice Christian books. And hey, what do you know? Christian Books and Things not only has books, they also have some wonderful Christian and patriotic tshirt designs. That's so nice. Look, they even have baseball caps that...are...all devoted to...the KKK...
We carry ball caps with the exclusive Knights Party designs. Ball caps are white - low profile hats with your choice of navy blue, black, or red bill. Caps are $16 each
More than anything this just makes me mad at all the people who bitch and moan about political correctness trying to take the Confederate flag from them. Folks, if you hadn't let the fucking KKK take the Confederate flag from you maybe you would have some fucking legs to stand on. Half of the goddamn hats have "white knights" standing in front of the Confederate flag. They even call it "my X" and "my flag", so don't give me any of this "the Confederate flag is NOT racist" bullshit. It's been co-opted as the symbol of racism by the cartoonish retardate racists of America. I don't see a lot of Hopi Indians driving around in pick ups with fucking Swastika flags nailed to the gun rack. And one more thing, because this rant still has a little steam, I'm fucking sick of REVERSE political correctness. If I think some goddamn stupid relic flag of a racist slave-based rebellion is moronic then by fucking Shit Christ I reserve the right to say as much. Take your rebel flag, take your creationism, take your burning cross, and shove them all up your dumb GED-dreamin' racist ass the next time you're buying some fucking three packs of Big & Tall shirts with skulls on them at the Wal*Mart next to your town's specialty chewing tobacco store you ruinous fucking idiot savants of NASCAR.
As for Christian Books and Things, I guess the "Things" portion of their name encompassed a lot more blatant hate propaganda than I had initially anticipated. God bless America, and God bless dipshit religious types who sell burning cross tshirts.
The good news is the republican convention is over. The bad news is if I can escape this police car how do I anull a marriage??
Take a look at Hollywood's brightest stars who won't be allowed to shine at this year's RNC.
Title of this one pretty much says it all. If it's what you're looking for, then uh, look no further
There is literally nothing sexier than eye contact.
A dandy fop dog gets a rhino piss party and ant enema in the Jungle. Weldcome to Hell.
Awful Links of the Day spotlights the worst and weirdest websites on the internet. And we're not talking "weird" in a good way either.
Copyright ©2016 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


text:
PHILADELPHIA (AP) — A glass ceiling is shattering at the Democratic National Convention as Hillary Clinton ascends to the presidential nomination with Tuesday's roll call of the states, making her the first woman to lead a major party into a White House race.
GENEVA (AP) — The U.N. envoy for Syria says he aims to call a new round of talks between government and opposition envoys in Geneva "toward the end of August."
SAINTE-ETIENNE-DU-ROUVRAY, France (AP) — Two attackers took hostages inside a French church during morning Mass on Tuesday near the city of Rouen, killing an 86-year-old priest by slitting his throat before being shot and killed by police, French officials said. The Islamic State group claimed responsibility for the attack.


text:
Three Reasons Why Uptown Friday Nights Are Still Rockin'
The summer tradition that is pushing its 30 year anniversary is stronger than ever, thanks to these three factors.
The summer tradition that is pushing its 30 year anniversary is stronger than ever, thanks to these three factors.
Once again, we've secured access for you to get your concert tickets first.
Once again, we've secured access for you to get your concert tickets first.
Summer has flown by insanely quick, although there's no denying it's been fun. Especially on Friday nights if you've been joining us with the Cedar Rapids Jaycees for Uptown Friday Nights at the Amphitheater. While this season is almost over, we've got some names to look forward to for next year, included last Friday's performer, Alisabeth Von Presley.
Friday night saw another exciting Uptown Friday Nights at the McGrath Amphitheatre with great performances from My Selfish Me and Cheese Pizza. The weather was perfect, adding to the ambiance in the amphitheatre a huge success, as the massive crowd rocked out to the legendary party rockers.
Friday night, a near record crowd showed up to kick off summer with the Cedar Rapids Jaycee's Annual Uptown Friday Nights. By the time attendance was tallied, organizers realized in just over 24 hours, nearly 5000 people had been in attendance at the McGrath Amphitheater having an amazing time.
It was a night Cedar Rapids had been looking forward to for a long time. The band Chicago played the McGrath Amphitheater last night to a crowd of near 3000, kicking off an amazing upcoming concert season.
The summer concert series continues to heat up, as it was just announced Monday that Ben Folds is coming to the McGrath Amphitheatre July 18th. Tickets go on sale Saturday morning at 10am, but we've got your presale code now.
With Mother's Day just around the corner, it's time to celebrate the woman who has inspired you to be the best you, and maybe even to be a great mom. At KDAT, we want to join in your celebration of Mom, and would love to hear your stories. And we've put together a nice prize for some of the most deserving moms too!
Being a music guy, and, well, younger, I'm not the biggest fan of NPR. Maybe I'm just ignorant. But when a radio legend is coming to town, I definitely "geek out" for a moment, no matter what it's background. It's how I'm feeling about the news that the legendary Garrison Keilor's "Prairie Home Companion" is coming to town.


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, Volume 18, Issue 1, pp 23-35
First online:
Cytokines as Therapeutic Targets for Osteoarthritis
- Charles J. MalemudAffiliated withDepartments of Medicine and Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospitals of Cleveland Email author
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating, progressive disease of diarthrodial joints associated with the aging process. With the exception of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2, the enzyme responsible for prostaglandin biosynthesis in inflammation, no specific therapy based on fundamental intracellular pathways of chondrocytes and synoviocytes exists for the medical management of OA. At the molecular level, OA is characterized by an imbalance between chondrocyte anabolism and catabolism. Disruption of chondrocyte homeostasis primarily affects the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), which is responsible for the biomechanical properties of the tissue. Recent evidence has implicated cytokines, among which interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-17 seem most involved in the OA process of cartilage destruction. The primary role of these cytokines is to modulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and cartilage ECM proteins. Cartilage repair that could restore the functional integrity of the joint is also impaired because chondrocytes in OA cartilage appear unable to respond to insulin-like growth factor-1 or respond abnormally to transforming growth factor-β. As these growth factors also modulate cytokine expression, they may prove useful in designing strategies for suppressing 'chondrocyte activation'. Although cytokines and growth factors provide a potential therapeutic target for OA, it will be necessary to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms that cytokines employ to cause chondrocyte and synoviocyte dysfunction before 'anti-cytokine' therapy can be employed in the medical management of the disease.
Reference tools
- Title
- Cytokines as Therapeutic Targets for Osteoarthritis
- Journal
Volume 18, Issue 1 , pp 23-35
- Cover Date
- 2004-01
- 10.2165/00063030-200418010-00003
- Print ISSN
- 1173-8804
- Online ISSN
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Professor Charles J. Malemud (1) (2)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Departments of Medicine and Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- 2. Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 2061 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106-5076, USA


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Thank you Freightliner
At our recent AGM we were delighted to receive a cheque for £1000 from Freightliner who our member, Steve (Night [...]
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Woodbridge Rotary Club
Mike Amos and Paul Skinner were made to feel very welcome last night at the where they were invited to [...]
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HOW! It's a amazing photo!
Great shot!
muito lindo!
These are Commerson's Dolphins not Porpoises.
Great Shot ! I've Never seen anything like this.
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Photo taken in Unnamed Road, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Misplaced? Suggest new location


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Our credit card reviews and ratings maintain strict editorial integrity and are independent of whether a card is an advertiser; however, we may receive compensation when you click on links to products from our partners and get approved. See details on how we make money here.
When it comes to credit cards, you're already spending money on something you want or paying for something you need - so why not make that card work for you? Sometimes, you can make that card work extra hard without any extra effort on your part.
If you're on the hunt for something else, reward options are everywhere: accumulate airline miles, build points to receive discounts off products, contribute to your favorite charity or alma mater, or earn cash back from your purchases. For many, a cash-back reward program is the most appealing.
Our team has done the research and narrowed down the field of cash back cards to our list of favorites. Let our research do the heavy lifting for you. Just remember to pay off your balances in full each month and then enjoy that reward cash.


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Kendall Jenner's rose gold shades are everything.
Though North West recently rang in her second birthday surrounded by friends and family, Khloé Kardashian was notably absent for the celebrations. So, why did the aunt skip the big fête?
They continuously show the world how much they love each other, and they've even added a little puppy into the mix… But are Demi Lovato and Wilmer Valderrama ready to take their relationship to the next level?
Though she may not be wearing a ring, Lovato is already referring to Valderrama as her…
Apparently, Christina Aguilera was not too happy to be in The Happiest Place on Earth.
While visiting Disney's California Adventure theme park in Anaheim, Calif., on her birthday, the "Dirty" singer allegedly got into a heated argument with none other than the "man" himself, Mickey Mouse.
It's no secret: I'm utterly obsessed with Aaron Paul and his wife, Lauren Paul.
In fact, I had the opportunity to meet Aaron at a pre-Emmy's party last week, and the first thing I said to him was: "I really like you, but I also really like your wife." (Side note: I'm the…
It was a very special birthday for Demi Lovato yesterday!
Demi turned 22 and received some really sweet messages on Twitter. There was one tweet that stood out from the rest though, one from Demi's boyfriend, Wilmer Valderrama. Wilmer took to Twitter on Wednesday night to show his love for Demi, wishing her a…
It's official. Britney Spears and her kids just won the award for cutest family at Disneyland.
If you've fully recovered from all the laughing caused by last week's epic clip of Elastigirl losing her face during a Disney World stage performance, it's time to reward yourself with this video compilation.
There are only two episodes remaining of the best show ever (sorry, The Wire), so please enjoy this photo of Breaking Bad's hirsute hottie Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul) at the 'Halloween Time' celebration at Disneyland in Anaheim, Calif., on Tuesday. …
No one is ever too old for Disneyland.
Just ask 87-year-old Hugh Hefner, who recently took a trip to The Happiest Place on Earth with his wife Crystal Harris.
What better way to kick a classic case of the Mondays than with a trip to the happiest place on earth?
That's what Kourtney Kardashian and beau Scott Disick must have been thinking when they decided to treat their two children, Penelope,1, and Mason, 3, to a day at Disneyland in Anaheim, Calif.
Mickey Mouse and company welcomed some special visitors earlier this week.
Kourtney Kardashian and her 3-year-old son Mason Disick were spotted roaming the Disneyland grounds in Anaheim, Calif. The pair, who were joined by Mason's baby sister Penelope (not pictured) and some friends, divided their afternoon between the rides at Cars Land and…
It was a family-style day of fun for funny ladies Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy, who shared some laughs with their loved ones at the "Happiest Place on Earth," an eyewitness tells Celebuzz exclusively.
"Even though it was freezing cold, Sandra still had a smile on her face!" eyewitness Bren Boddy told Celebuzz,…
John Mayer who?
After parting ways with her short-lived beau, Katy Perry didn't drown in sorrows. Instead, the "Part of Me" singer visited the happiest place on Earth — Disneyland.
Dining with a pal at the theme park's exclusive Club 33, Perry posed for a snap, peaking out from behind her menu…
Melissa and Joey stars Melissa Joan Hart and Joey Lawrence hit up Disneyland on Friday afternoon for a day full of fun.
The duo (who both competed on the hit reality show Dancing with the Stars) hung out with friends like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck as well as getting their portraits drawn,…


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KY - New Outpatient Psych Plus Medical DirectorshipSpring View Hospital in Lebanon, KY, a LifePoint Health facility, is seeking a Psychiatrist for an excellent opportunity to develop an outpatient practice in a commun
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General Surgery - Hospital employee, over $500,000+ income potential


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The pair's relationship grew increasingly tumultuous in their last season together in 2010, leading former Yamaha boss Masao Furusawa to predict Rossi's return would create big problems for the outfit.
After the first three tests of 2013 however both Lorenzo and Rossi said they were comfortable with their renewed relationship, particularly because they could see the mutual benefits within the team.
"It is better than three years ago now because we are a bit older and more mature, mainly in my case because when I came in I was only 20," Lorenzo explained at the unveiling of Yamaha's 2013 colours.
"We don't need to be friends - motorcycle is not like soccer or basketball - but we are trying and stay calm and push together in the same direction.
"Valentino has so much experience, [so] it helps the Yamaha engineers and also with my feeling when I try something new.
"If one rider feels one thing and the other something completely different, it's difficult to improve the bike. At Sepang though we had very similar feelings about new [developments]."
Rossi admitted he had been worried about the atmosphere ahead of his return.
"It's a great feeling, but I was quite worried; I didn't know what atmosphere to expect," he said.
"I [have] changed my idea of Jorge in the last two seasons because I have had a lot of trouble but he was always very friendly with me, [even] when I came back with Yamaha.
"I feel like a kid with candy. Yamaha is a family I have shared the best moments of my career with, and I think that can be continued."
- Sports & Recreation


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Diigo Community
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Share links to online research resources for family historians and include reviews, tips and comments. Anyone is welcome to participate in this effort to build a dynamic resource available to all.
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Top Gear is watched in practically every country on earth. There is no other programme that crosses divides quite like it. Mr Bean comes to mind but not much else.
A new institution could be the catalyst we need to shape the world we want to live in and Britain's role in that world. Today, we're letting big commercial technology platforms shape much of our digital lives, dominating the debate about everything from online privacy to how we build smart cities.
His was the star around which the show orbited. James May was the brains, Richard Hammond was the sidekick, the production and editing teams were among the best in the world, but the show needed a Peter Pan.
It was not Danny Cohen or Tony Hall or Oisin Tymon that killed Top Gear. It was the man who made it in the first place. I am a big fan of his work but, based on the evidence we have heard over the past few weeks, I am not such a big fan of the man any more.
So, we have the most awaited verdict since the trial of OJ Simpson. It's official: Jeremy Clarkson has been sacked as the presenter of Top Gear. How are we going to survive without this hard-drinking, chain-smoking, politically incorrect and surprisingly fat ex-public schoolboy? Going forward, it's clear Top Gear is dead without him. There is no motoring show they can create which will make a ripple of the impact that Top Gear makes. Why? Because Top Gear isn't about the cars. It's the heavily scripted, beer-bellied, corduroy-jacketed banter between Clarkson and his TV bitches James May and Richard 'Hamster' Hammond.
Forget about the millions missing Top Gear, the BBC are expecting record viewing figures for another programme next Monday (March 30): a made-for-television film about the life of Noah, with David Threlfall playing the lead role and moving from shameless to righteous.
While Clarkson's true-to-form casual attitude to the 'fracas' and bravado to the subsequent BBC action of suspending him might give the impression that no damage has really been done, PR-wise, many media experts would disagree.
Never will we find ourselves "not being able to make the video player work" because we have a grasp on how to interact with menus, cursors, downloads & searches. Our knowledge is ingrained, adaptable and transferable.
What should have been a personal moment between two people, that could have been sorted out to the satisfaction of everyone concerned, in private, has been blown up to a story so huge that you could see it from the Space Station.
In almost any other industry or organisation, Clarkson's recent behaviour would have constituted as several incidents of gross misconduct. While there isn't a universal definition of this the government advises that the definition includes actions like theft, intoxication, fighting or physical abuse and offensive behaviour including discrimination.
After leaving school at 16, with no notable grades, I fell into a career as an electrician. I spent over a decade working on the tools, but I always knew my heart was not in it and I dreamed of a career as a journalist...
Irrespective of what the 'fracas' involved, one gets the impression that a certain sector of the BBC has been gunning for Clarkson's head for many years. And why? Because he simply conducts himself onscreen in the same manner as the viewers. By being real. By being himself.
The present system of the BBC Trust is out of date. It is wrong to consider that an organisation be run by a trust as well as by a company that it is supposed to manage the business. It would seem perfectly normal to understand that the licence holders are no different than shareholders.
As licence-fee payers, shouldn't we have a say in the artist and song that represents our country in an international competition? As consistently one of the highest-rated programes on television in the country in the whole year, shouldn't the lead-up programme be shown on a mainstream channel (rather than hidden behind the Red Button)?
Has my birth country become such a merciless society where most men don't acknowledge the existence of women, or if they do its only as an object to be bullied, groped, raped, beaten, tortured and killed?
Two days before my daughter's first birthday, my to-do list read like this. 1) Cake. 2) Presents. 3) Dig out sagging pre-pregnancy swimming costume and go for a dip in the local pool, the whole thing filmed in close-up with a strategically positioned bright light highlighting every normally-hidden flaw.


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Chekhov's Corpse and the Case of the Refrigerated Oysters
One hundred and twelve years ago today, Anton Chekhov drank his last glass of champagne.
His wife would describe the scene years later in her journal: "Anton sat up unusually straight and said loudly and clearly (although he knew almost no German): Ich sterbe ('I'm dying'). The doctor calmed him, took a syringe, gave him an injection of camphor, and ordered champagne. Anton took a full glass, examined it, smiled at me and said: 'It's a long time since I drank champagne.' He drained it and lay quietly on his left side, and I just had time to run to him and lean across the bed to call to him, but he had stopped breathing and was sleeping peacefully as a child…."
Chekhov passed away in Badenweiler, a small German town near the Black Forest. His body was taken back to Russia by freight train, and somehow ended up in a refrigerated car meant for oysters.


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Menopause The MusicalTue, February 26, 2013 - 8:00 PMAtrium Showroom at Luxor in Las Vegas, NV
We are sorry, the date for this event has already passed. This event took place on 2/26/2013. Click here to view upcoming events for Menopause The Musical.
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#1 Nom - November 2011. Which levels aren't yet "maxed out"
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Join Date: Apr 2007
Posts: 20
Gamertag: RickyNo
View My Profile
Basic 4-5 #1
Just got WR on Basic 4-5 with 2'16"450. This one I think is probably a good one to try. Seeing as how the PS3 has XBOX beat by a good 5 second, I believe that this has probably been the most forgiving trial to do at this point since I made tons of mistake during my WR run. What I did was mainly piece a run together by looking at the other trial videos based on this course.
I used the Bleed(First Mech) path from this run:
LOST PLANET 2 BASIC TRAINING 4-3 WORLD RECORD - YouTube
LOST PLANET 2 BASIC TRAINING 4-3 WORLD RECORD - YouTube
What I did to prepare for the mechs was add the abilities Special Recovery I and VS Takedown. Special Recovery will spare you from all the laser stuns that will literally stop you for a few seconds throughout the course and VS takedown is mainly for the first VS who sometimes jumps and lands on top of you if your too fast (which is a good sign your off to a good start). One shotgun blast in the air will take him out.
The Faze(Second Mech) path from this run:
Lost Planet 2 Training Level 4-2 #1 World Record! Markyshizzle Gaming! - YouTube
Lost Planet 2 Training Level 4-2 #1 World Record! Markyshizzle Gaming! - YouTube
Instead of jumping out and grappling up to the last of ledge (which I am horrible at) I just walked up to the mech and simply got out. So you may be able to shave some seconds using the grappling hook.
As for the Osprey(Third Mech), I made my own path and simply went underneath it all. You only need to go low enough to be level with landing platform your flying to avoid any trouble. You can actually shoot the turret trigger from very far away if you fly low enough leaving you enough time to land properly.
And lastly, the Hardballer(Last Mech) path from this run:
ロストプラネット2(Lost Planet 2) / Basic Training / Stage4 Lv.1 - YouTube
ロストプラネット2(Lost Planet 2) / Basic Training / Stage4 Lv.1 - YouTube
Try to focus on timing the hover the moment you leave the platform. If you hit it just right, then you can easily pass over platforms without being abruptly stopped by incoming platforms.
Overall if your good you can make it through this trial with only needing to destroy turret trigger. I managed to outrun everything else. Once you get a pattern down, your time will mainly depend on how much resistance you get from mechs. I found myself restarting plenty of times after the first mechs mainly because they would knock me off the ledge with gatling gun fire the moment I land, so its a gamble sometimes just not as bad as the advanced 5-4 trial. I still don't know how he managed to get those spawns.
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social work assistant jobs near New York, NY
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Physician Affiliate Group of NY - Queens, NY
Master's degree in Social Work, Psychology, or related field. May supervise social work interns or student volunteers as assigned....
AVP - Social Media (Kiehl's - Since 1851)
L'Oreal USA - New York, NY
The Assistant Vice President (AVP) Social Media is an executive-level position that develops and executes a comprehensive social....
Part-Time Assistant Teacher, Elementary Program (2016-2017)
East Harlem Tutorial Program - East Harlem, NY
Work effectively with lead teacher to advance student achievement, develop social skills and love of learning....
Life Enrichment Mentor Care Partner
Windsor Healthcare Communities - Norwood, NJ
Or is a qualified occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant; Familiarity with and ability to access services and resources in the larger...
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CASES - New York, NY
BA/BS degree in social work, forensic psychology, psychology or equivalent experience. Work collaboratively with court staff including court officers, defense...
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1199SEIU Family of Funds - New York, NY
Master's Degree in Social Work required; Evaluate, mentor, coach and develop professional social work staff. Knowledge of Social Work practices, ethics, policy...
Program Assistant – Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) Team
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Attend morning meeting, take minutes and communicate relevant scheduling and program information to staff as they conduct their work in the community;...
Life Enrichment Mentor Care Partner - Part Time
Windsor Healthcare Communities - Norwood, NJ
Or is a qualified occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant; Familiarity with and ability to access services and resources in the larger...
Preschool Lead Teacher
The Goddard School - New York, NY
Our Lead Teachers work together to:. Assistant Teachers assist the Lead Teacher with the above-noted responsibilities....
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ELS Associates - New York, NY
Work independently and with a team - special projects. College Graudate with 3 yrs of Executive Administrative work experience....


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98FM: Bob
Music is what matters.
Advertising Agency: Filadélfia, Brazil
Creative Director: Dan Zechinelli
Copywriter: Déborah Vasques
Art Director / Head of Art: Márcio Doti
Published:March 2013
3 comments
ShawaliMar 08, 2013 - 9:34
Muito bom!
No one cares about child labor, eye donation or saving the Earth: NO PSA!!! http://adsoftheworld.com/forum/135094