text:
|Too small
|Moderately small
|Fits as expected
|Moderately large
|Too large
Oxford HD Chain lock
|£27.76 - £55.99 & FREE Returns on some sizes and colours. Details
- Sold secure Gold
- Hardened 9.5mm square link chain
- Fastening: Other
- Tough double locking padlock
- Hardened steel shackle
- 360 degree rotating lock head
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Product Description
Oxford HD Chain Lock heavy duty chain and padlock. Hardened 9.5 mm square link chain. Tough double locking padlock with hardened steel shackle which doubles as a disc lock. Key dust cover.
Customer Reviews
Top Customer Reviews
edit. Spotted a thief trying to steal my bike last week. He had a large set of bolt croppers and was about to attack the chain when I interrupted him. Have decided that this lock and chain is not enough of a deterant! Going to upgrade to a 16mm chain and lock like the Almax or Untouchable. The Oxford is a good chain but it looks like it is not enough to put off a determined thief with a big set of bolt croppers.
The next time they were clearly aware of the fact they'd never get the whole bike so just stole the front wheel. Another £50 down.
I decided it was time to get some extra deterrent.
The Oxford Lock and Chain seemed the perfect option. I thought 150cm would be long enough to go through both wheels and through the wall anchor but it's not. I should probably have bought a longer chain.
I've got around it by attaching the chain to the wall anchor using the padlock, and putting the d-lock through the back wheel. I hook the end of the chain over the d-lock so that everything is secure. I guess they could still steal my saddle, but that's it.
Since getting the new lock I've not had any problems. I have a small alarm on the bike and since it's never gone off since I got then new lock I think the thieves are now suitably deterred.
The Good:
Heavyweight and Secure looking
Has a sleeve over the chain to protect your bike
Has a Sold Secure rating for insurance purposes
The Bad:
Not quite long enough to secure both wheels and go through an anchor by itself. If you need that get the 2meter version.
Well worth it. If it saves you having to buy just one new wheel the cost is more than covered.
Excellent service by "Nightingales" delivery was the next day of ordering and it was free!
The product done exactly what it said on the tin!!!
Well worth a 5 star rating in my opinion.
It is not the item in the image. Just like the other review had noted the chain provided is not the one that is sent out. The one that has been sent is the Oxford HD Chain.
Not the Hardcore XL chain as is in the picture!! Notice they also use the word hardcore in the title!
The HD chian is a Sold Secure Silver chain.
The Hardcore XL is a Sold Secure Gold chain.
I complained about the wrong product being sent out and in the end they gave me a refund and said I could keep the chain. Thats great you would think.
They had said that somehow the image had been changed by another seller, and that was the reason for the wrong image. But a month later the image is still the same. And I'm sure that they will catch more people out.
How hard is it to be honest?
it is sturdy but not to big and bulky like my last one.(being a mid 40s lady my last one was quite a bit heavier!!)
the only problem i have had with it so far is now and again i have trouble locking it as if the pins inside have moved slightly and have to twist the key several times before it locks it.
I'm happy however to leave my scooter at the station every morning and not worried about it not being there when i get back in the evening. I feel this is a very secure lock, a great buy.
I am very surprised to see such a big flaw on a easily visible part of the chain, go unnoticed by quality checks and by the seller...
The padlock is also not so convincing, there is a lot of plastic, and the metal inside looked cheap.
I'm sending it back, and keeping my Kryptonite New York 3000 U lock, wich is VERY good!
Most Recent Customer Reviews
Good heavy duty chain, I use it to lock the back wheels of my motorbike and 2 bicycles together in the garage. 1.5m is plenty for me. Comes with 3 keysPublished 1 day ago by CLJ
very handy for my motorcycle to have the extra length so I can secure it to something immovable as well. Read morePublished 11 days ago by Renzan
Using this to secure our new ride-on lawnmower to a floor anchor. Bought the 2m version as we don't need to carry it anywhere. Chain feels heavy and strong. Read morePublished 13 days ago by Jezzer
Excellent sturdy lock and speedy delivery service X packaged good too!Published 28 days ago by vanessa Camp
Slight issue with delivery company but good solid locking chain.Published 2 months ago by Amazon Customer
The chain is quite thick and sufficiently long for securing my motorbike. I've had it for about a year now and it hasn't rusted yet, despite being exposed to rain all the... Read morePublished 2 months ago by Peter
Worked well for a while but then the silver rotating plastic collar stopped working rendering the lock unusable. Read morePublished 2 months ago by firstname.lastname@example.com
Look for similar items by category
Automotive > Motorbikes, Accessories & Parts > Accessories > Theft Protection
Sports & Outdoors > Cycling > Accessories > Locks > Chain Locks

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"The BOOK of BERN,
A History of Bern Township,
Berks County, Pennsylvania 1738-1988"
"Bern Township was settled in 1733, mostly by German farmers. It was established in 1738. Originally, it was bounded on the east by the Schuylkill River, on the west by the Tulpehocken Creek, on the south at the confluence of the two rivers, and on the north by the Blue Mountains.
First, the part of Bern Township on the north side of the Blue Mountains was taken away and made part of Brunswick Township in Schuylkill County leaving the crest of the mountain as the dividing line between the counties. In 1789 the northern part of the township was split off and named Upper Bern.
Then, three other townships were carved out of Bern: Penn Township was formed in 1841 by taking parts of Bern and Upper Bern townships, Centre Township was formed in 1843 out of an eastern sector of the township and Tilden was created in 1887.
Today the Schuylkill River and the Tulpehocken Creek account for two thirds of the Bern Township's boundary. On the north side, the Borough of Leesport marks the northeast corner of the township and a point southwest of Bern Church marks the southwestern corner."
Get prepared and ready for emergencies!
Summer and fall can bring unexpected emergencies
- heat, power outages and severe storms.
A handy and easily accessible website for your home planning and preparedness
needs can be found at:
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their app to both iOS and android smartphones.
Take the time to be prepared. Make a plan for your family!
Worldwide Travel Alert
The U.S. State Department has officially alerted all U.S. citizens to possible risks of travel due to increased terrorist threats. Current information suggests that ISIL (aka Da'esh), al-Qa'ida, Boko Haram, and other terrorist groups continue to plan terrorist attacks in multiple regions to include the U.S. Additionally, there is a continuing threat from unaffiliated persons planning attacks inspired by major terrorist organizations, but conducted on an individual basis. They have targeted large sporting events, theaters, open markets, and aviation services.
All U.S. citizens should exercise vigilance when in public places or using public transportation. Be aware of immediate surroundings and avoid large crowds or crowded places. Continuously monitor media and local information sources and factor updated information into personal travel plans and activities.
For further information:
Urgent Request!
Are you cleaning up after cats or kids?
Please do not throw "flushable" cat litter or disposable wet wipes into your toilet.
These items may be "flushable" but they do not dissolve or disintegrate.
They cause blockages and other problems in sewer systems. These problems are very expensive to fix, and will cause the cost of your sewer rates to increase.
So please be considerate and throw your "flushables" into the trash, or these items will wind up costing you, and other sewer users, a lot more money.
Thank you!


text:
Top Definition
One who creates a harem of, or surrounds himself with mankys. Unattractive women with low self-esteem, the kind you wouldn't take home from the bar no matter how many drinks you had.
"Is it just me, or does Cliff seem to have a lot of mankys hanging around him?" "Yeah dude, he's a manky herder, didn't you know?"
by Able_Danger January 29, 2009
Trending Now


text:
Crowd Favorites
There are a lot of weird couples in this world. In high school I sat behind the tuba player from band who would vigorously massage his large clarinetist girlfriend on the finger tips while she ate a cheddar cheese sandwich with her free hand. It got her so worked up, she'd excuse herself from class to go to the bathroom, always with mustard stains on her face. I'm just saying, that happened, and they were weird. Tim...read more
Last night was The 85th Annual Academy Awards and I'm completely ashamed to say I watched the entire thing. To sum it up, Seth MacFarlane did surprisingly not shitty, Jennifer Lawrence fell down, the Best Director winner was bullshit, Ben Affleck got snubbed, then didn't and George Clooney kept getting free scotch thrown at him for smiling every time someone joked he banged and/or will bang somebody like nine-year-old...read more
It's been a few months since we got to see Helena Bonham Carter act opposite Johnny Depp in a funny outfit, so here's the first trailer for 'The Lone Ranger: A History of Trains in America and Their Impact on the Old West' (HD here). As Depp reminds us (while speaking traditional Hollywood Movie Indian language. Which is just english but where the cadence stabs every word and makes him sound mildly retarded), "There...read more
First of all, easy on the butter. Second of all, BRUSH YOUR GOD DAMN HAIR. Ducks and ponies groom themselves, why can't a movie star? They dont even have god damn hands! (image source of helena in hampstead having lunch with her children = bauer griffin) [gallery ids="1080991,1080992,1081001,1081002,1081012,1081021,1081031,1081032,1081042,1081051,1081052,1081062"]read more
Helena Bonham Carter put on her least dirty purple socks and orthopedic shoes to swing by a school in London this afternoon and pick up her son Billy. His dad is Tim Burton, and he has velcro shoes and pants that are three inches too short, so I'm sure he isn't some weird loner and is actually the most popular kid in class. Especially with the school bullies, who consider him a dream come true. (image source = inf) ...read more
Helena Bonham Carter, my beloved Marla Singer, who used to look like this and even now can look like this when she tries, ran some errands around North London today, and seriously what in the hell. She looks like someone who would throw a handful of pee in your eyes while yelling some insane gibberish. If that thing tried to kiss me, I'd pull my head down like a turtle until it completely sunk into my chest. I don't...read more
Leighton Meester won't be the only make-out worthy pictures on here today. You probably couldn't walk 5 feet last night in New York without running into some guys hard cock, because the Museum of Modern Art held a tribute to Tim Burton, and that place had crazy pussy. Among those in attendance, starting clockwise from the upper left, were: 1. Kool Aid man (oh yeeaahh!) 2. Cave Girl 3. Meatwad 4. Daywalker (source = ...read more
I know it's not very nice to post swimsuit pictures of Helena Bonham Carter this weekend in Malibu, and specifically to crop those pictures to highlight... whatever the hell that is that we're looking at, but she should have thought of that 30 minutes earlier when she was getting dressed. As she battled her swimsuit and tried to pull it up and over all the waves of person, with things sloshing around inside like when...read more


text:
Signs of Vitamin D Deficiency Most People MissHealthy Living
With flu season upon us and serious new viruses like Enterovirus D68 making the rounds, keeping blood levels of vitamin D at optimal levels can be truly lifesaving especially for children and the elderly.
Flu is actually vitamin D deficiency disease, not a happenstance occurrence in your life because you didn't get a flu shot or sat next to a coughing person on the train to work.
Dr. John Cannell of the Vitamin D Council and one of the most preeminent Vitamin D researchers in the world today, has identified that vitamin D helps produce the antimicrobial peptides that protect against the flu. This is why people are more prone to the flu in winter when Vitamin D producing sunshine is minimal or nonexistent at some latitudes, or people are too bundled up to get enough skin exposed in the first place.
Bolstering Dr. Cannell's suggestion that vitamin D deficiency is why people get the flu, a study published in the journal Nature Immunology further explains how vitamin D protects us by properly activating T cells, an important part of the immune system:
"When a T cell is exposed to a foreign pathogen, it extends a signaling device or 'antenna' known as a vitamin D receptor, with which it searches for vitamin D.
This means the T cell must have vitamin D or activation of the cell will cease. If the T cells cannot find enough vitamin D in the blood, they won't even begin to mobilize."
This is troubling given that vitamin D levels were reported by the Archives of Internal Medicine in 2009 to have plummeted for every single age, race, and ethnic group in the United States over the past two decades.
Vitamin D deficiency is such that it can lurk unnoticed until it is too late and you are already sick. Another challenge is that it takes time, usually at least several weeks, to raise vitamin D levels and so a few days of taking supplements is not going to cut it especially if you have a serious deficiency challenge to overcome or already have the flu.
Below are 10 signs that vitamin D is likely a problem and potentially a serious deficiency that needs to be addressed immediately. If any of these symptoms are an issue for you, a simple vitamin D blood spot test that you can order online can verify that this is the case.
If low levels do indeed need to be addressed, the best whole food based supplement to bring vitamin D levels into optimal range without the danger of overdosing (like with prescription vitamin D drops) is fermented cod liver or skate liver oils (where to find).
1. Chronic Pain
Bone pain and chronic pain in general is a subtle symptom of serious vitamin D deficiency. Don't take this symptom lightly! Get your vitamin D levels checked and address the problem.
A study conducted by Greg Plotnikoff, MD, senior consultant with the Allina Center for Health Care Innovations, makes the point. 150 people living in Minneapolis who came to a health clinic complaining of chronic pain were tested for vitamin D levels. Virtually every single one, 93%, suffered from extremely low vitamin D. "The group with the lowest levels of vitamin D were white women of childbearing age," Plotnikoff says.
2. Muscle Weakness
Here's a shocker most folks don't realize: most muscle weakness issues are low vitamin D related. The National Institutes of Health reports that a person suffering from a vitamin D deficiency will have trouble with proper muscle function.
3. Psoriasis
This extremely common skin issue is an autoimmune disorder that many don't realize can be vitamin D related. This nutrient plays an important role in the treatment of psoriasis. Psoriasis gets worse over time and spreads, so even if you only have a little spot on your elbow or knee, get your vitamin D levels checked and be sure to be taking a daily dose of fermented cod liver oil.
4. Constant Fatigue
Vitamin D is necessary for the body to produce energy. If you are constantly tired or must lean heavily on that morning cup of Joe to get going in the morning, best to play it safe and get your levels checked.
5. Depression
No, it's not all in your head! Feelings of hopelessness can be related to simple nutritional deficiency. The Vitamin D Council reports that vitamin D is critical for the brain to produce the happy hormone seratonin. Some folks only suffer from depression during winter months, known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) which is caused by lack of sun exposure and hence vitamin D during this time of year.
6. Sweaty Head
This is quite possibly the weirdest symptom of vitamin D deficiency. Old time doctors apparently used to ask new mothers if their heads were sweatier than normal in order to pinpoint a lurking vitamin D deficiency as reported by NDHealthFacts. A sweaty head is also a subclinical symptom of rickets, possibly the most prominent and dangerous form of vitamin D deficiency in children.
7. Constant Respiratory Problems
This warning symptom is related to flu as a vitamin D deficiency disease. If low vitamin D puts people at risk for flu, it stands to reason they would be at risk for other respiratory problems too and possibly on a chronic basis. Studies have demonstrated that vitamin D protects against respiratory illness particularly in children, who require hospitalization most frequently due to bronchiolitis and pneumonia.
Scared of Enterovirus D68? The most proactive step you can take is to make sure your children are taking a daily dose of fermented cod liver or skate liver oil!
8. Hypertension and/or Cardiovascular Disease
My mother helped resolve serious high blood pressure issues with a daily dose of fermented cod liver oil. Her success in this regard is in line with the Vitamin D Council which recommends adequate vitamin D levels in order to avoid this silent, symptomless killer which afflicts 1 out of every 3 US adults (and 4 in 10 worldwide).
In addition, the National Institutes of Health has identified vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor which can lead to congestive heart failure.
9. Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease is a growing health concern and a primary and powerful predictor for premature cardiovascular disease.
Not surprisingly, given that cardiovascular disease itself indicates a likely vitamin D deficit, research indicates that those that suffer from chronic kidney disease are also D deficient in a big way.
10. You are an Infection Magnet
If you suffer from one infection after another, it is wise to get those vitamin D levels checked pronto. As described above, T cells which are an important part of the immune system, are properly activated by vitamin D. So, if levels are low or even undetectable, adequate and effective immune response to any infection in the body will be severely hampered.
Do you suffer from any of these 10 symptoms? If so, do you suspect a vitamin D deficiency? Did you already take action and get a blood spot test or start taking fermented cod liver or skate liver oil? What did you find out and what have your results been?
Sarah, The Healthy Home Economist
Sources and More Information
6 Little Known Signs of Adrenal Fatigue
Vitamin D Deficiency is Why You Get the Flu
The Vitamin Deficiency that is Written all Over Your Face
Vitamin D Deficiency and Chronic Pain
Serious Lack of Vitamin D Warning Signs
Macrobiotic Diet and Extreme Vitamin D Deficiency
Sulphur: The Forgotten Nutrient
Flu is Vitamin D Deficiency Disease
Vitamin D and Chronic Kidney Disease
Fish Eggs: Superior Vitamin D Boost
Vitamin D Intake in Young Children with Acute Respiratory Infection
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Comments (117)
Joycee Bastain
Hi everyone, today I want to share about this vitamin d deficiency. When I was pregnant, in initial stage I got vitamin d deficiency. My doctor suggested to eat fruits which have vitamin d and to sit under the sun for an hour everyday to absorb some quality and quantity vitamin d. Because if my vitamin d level didn't increase then my baby could have less weight while birth. So I took it seriously and I got a healthy baby girl. During that time, I read many articles regarding this and I want to share one link among many: doctorshealthpress.com/general-health-articles/vitamin-d-deficiency-women
Very good explanation on this subject , I will come site fan of yours .
Joycee Bastain
I never know about these risk factors for vitamin d deficiency. When I came to know about the deficiency of vitamin d in me, I used to study many articles regarding this. Some risk factors are:
1. Dark Skin
2. Veganism
3. Digestive Conditions
4. Obesity
5. Limited Sun Exposure
If anyone wants to know more about this, can visit this link: doctorshealthpress.com/general-health-articles/vitamin-d-deficiency-women
Both my husband and myself had our levels checked via blood test … We were both scary low .. hubs was a 12 and mine was a 6 .. minimum level from that lab was 30 … it has been super hard to raise our levels. it took us almost 2 years at 50kIU a week to get close to the minimum. Though we both do have some issues with our Vitamin D receptor genes so that is likely part of the problem.
Recently neglected my daily D intake of 1000 IU. After labs, my physician prescribed 50,000 IU once a week for two months, then she will repeat labs. She is an excellent physician, do I'm confident my levels will be back to normal at next lab check.
It is best to have your levels tested before supplementing but the odds are most of us will benefit. A recent study found that the current recommendations (RDA) are 10 times too low!
Gwen larsen
I appreciate your information!! I have a question about cod liver & krill oils, before I order one or the other. Saw your reference for a source to purchase called radiant Life & I have posed this same question to them? but in case they do not reply, I'm quite sure I could benefit from more K3 since I've taken calcium & d for 30 years & still have osteoporosis. but! the smell of cod liver oil once nearly made me gag, let alone the taste! which specific brand would NOT do either to someone with a sensitive nose & pallet?
Thanks for your reply (and potentially, products you recommend)
Gwen larsen
"Calcium" as a supplement is a sales-scam Try eating vegetables instead!
Very interesting article. Thank you !
Sarah, where can I find the amounts for children and adults for daily consumption of the Cod Liver/Butter blend? I have a 9yo, 13yo, 15yo.
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
My post on "Doctor's Orders: Why Your Family Needs Cod Liver Oil" has a graphic that contains the recommended dosages.
Are you still recommending fermented cod liver oil?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Yes, I take it myself as I have since it first came out around 2007. The "proof" put forth wasn't very convincing to me especially in light of the favorable results we've had with it in my family. Seemed more like a personal ax to grind IMO.
We use the liquid drops we buy in the Health store. It really does help. I hope this helps you.
I was immediately drawn to your article, wondering what OTHER weird symptoms of vitamin D deficiency you were going to list. The respiratory infections one was interesting to me, because I had several years of winter bronchitis before I realized that I was vitamin D deficient, and really haven't had it at all since then.
The thing that tipped ME off to my vitamin D deficiency, though, is something you didn't list – extreme itching. The evening of Jan 20, about 7 years ago, I suddenly got horribly itchy. My neck, my ribs, my eyelids, inside my ears, the palms of my hands… After a day, I gave in and went to the doctor, who prescribed an antihistamine. Worked almost immediately. For a week. And so the winter continued, with me taking one antihistamine pill every week, when I noticed that I started scratching. Finally went away in May or June. Came back the following December. About a month later, it occurred to me that vitamin D deficiency might explain things. So I bought some vitamin D pills, took them daily, and the itching went away.
Coincidence? I don't think so.
Thank you for posting this! Lately, I have been itching, especially sharp, pin-prickly-type on my ribs! Feels as if someone is poking me with needles, and then itches. I used to take cod liver oil, but got too distracted and it has fallen off my list of "important" things. I need to go to town this week, so will pick some more up and take it.
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Meg Mangin, RN
This is a very misleading article. The vitamin D metabolite that binds with the vitamin D receptor to activate the immune system is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D (calcitriol). This is not the form of vitamin D that is tested to determine 'deficiency'. This active form of vitamin D can actually be too high when 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (calcidiol) is low. Dr. Cannell is not an expert on vitamin D, but a promoter who stands to profit by urging the general population to take vitamin D supplements. If your calcitriol is normal, you are not vitamin D deficient. Studies have failed to demonstrate that vitamin D supplementation is effective to prevent any disease. Elevated calcitriol can cause all kinds of inflammatory symptoms. To be sure you are not at risk of harm due to excess vitamin D, ask your doctor to measure calcitriol if your calcidiol is low.
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
This comment is exactly the reason I pay zero attention to conventional medicos!
I would like to know why Meg's advice is wrong. Can you explain why her reasoning isn't correct? Thanks!
I would also like to know, as I am Vitamin D deficient and taking suplements but this point of reasoning is valid and needs to be researched more, what do you think Sarah?
Stephen H. Li
{ "Vitamin D is a generic designation for a group of fat-soluble, structurally similar sterols including ergocalciferol D2 from plants and cholecalciferol D3 from animals. Vitamin D in the body is derived from 2 sources: exogenous (dietary: D2 and D3) and endogenous (biosynthesis: D3). Endogenous D3 is produced in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol, under the influence of ultraviolet light. Both forms of vitamin D are of similar biologic activity.
Vitamin D is rapidly metabolized in the liver to form 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D. Additional hydroxylation of 25-OH vitamin D takes place in the kidney by 1-alpha hydroxylase, under the control of parathyroid hormone, to yield 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D.
1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D is the most potent vitamin D metabolite. It stimulates calcium absorption in the intestine and its production is tightly regulated through concentrations of serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.
1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D levels may be high in primary hyperparathyroidism and in physiologic hyperparathyroidism secondary to low calcium or vitamin D intake. Some patients with granulomatous diseases (eg, sarcoidosis) and malignancies containing nonregulated 1-alpha hydroxylase in the lesion may have elevated 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels and hypercalcemia.
1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D levels are decreased in hypoparathyroidism and in chronic renal failure.
While 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D is the most potent vitamin D metabolite, levels of the 25-OH forms of vitamin D more accurately reflect the body's vitamin D stores. Consequently, 25HDN / 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, Serum is the preferred initial test for assessing vitamin D status. However, in the presence of renal disease, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels may be needed to adequately assess vitamin D status." }
{ "Many practitioners become confused when ordering a vitamin D test. Because 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is the active form of vitamin D, many practitioners think that measuring 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is an accurate means to estimate vitamin D stores and test for vitamin D deficiency, which is incorrect. Current Endocrine Society guidelines recommend screening for vitamin D deficiency in individuals at risk for deficiency. Serum levels of 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D have little or no relationship to vitamin D stores but rather are regulated primarily by parathyroid hormone levels, which in turn are regulated by calcium and/or vitamin D. In vitamin D deficiency, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels go up, not down." } – aafp.org/afp/recommendations/viewRecommendation.htm?recommendationId=140
{ "25-hydroxyvitamin D
When calcium is low and/or a person has symptoms of vitamin D deficiency, such as bone malformation in children (rickets) and bone weakness, softness, or fracture in adults (osteomalacia), 25-hydroxyvitamin D usually is ordered to identify a possible deficiency in vitamin D.
The test may be requested when an individual is known to be at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Older adults, people who are institutionalized or homebound and/or have limited sun exposure, those who are obese, who have undergone gastric bypass surgery, and/or who have fat malabsorption are at an increased risk of a vitamin D deficiency. Also included in this group are people with darker skin and breastfed infants.
25-hydroxyvitamin D is often requested before an individual begins drug therapy for osteoporosis.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
When calcium is high or a person has a disease that might produce excess amounts of vitamin D, such as sarcoidosis or some forms of lymphoma (because immune cells may make 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D usually is ordered. Rarely, this testing may be indicated when abnormalities of the enzyme that converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or renal disease are suspected.
When vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, or magnesium supplementation is necessary, vitamin D levels are sometimes measured to monitor treatment effectiveness." }
So apparently parathyroid complications / kidney disease / renal failure / metabolic disease, like Diabetes T2 have a role upon the status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Some of which impact the enzyme coversion factor towards 25H-D to 1-25DiH-D.
Sarcoidosis and lymphoma health status may play a role in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D status.
Direct sun light to skin exsposure along with Liver health status can have an effect on 25-H-D status.
If 25-H-D stores are affected or if the enzyme to help covert to 1-25-H-D or if there are other health conditions complicating the internal environment, then Vitamin D status my be compromised.
I just found out I am pregnant, but also with those results we found my Vitamin D level was at a 4. I've been taking 500mg fermented cod liver oil for a month. How much would be safe to take to raise my levels? My Dr. Prescribed Vitamins D but I would rather take a more natural supplement. What suggestions do you have? Thank you for your research and sharing your knowledge with others!
What do you recommend for adult children who are deficient but who have become vegetarians for humanitarian reasons and will refuse any supplement derived from formerly living creatures?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
There really isn't any option that isn't animal based.
So then what do vegetarians do if they need to supplement Vitamin D?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
There isn't an option for natural vitamin D that is plant based. Irradiated mushrooms have a little D2, but this is not the type of D you really need and certainly not enough. See the article on this at the bottom of this post.
There isn't a "vegetarian option" for everything. They need to stop being vegetarians — but only if they want to restore their health.
Get out in the sun! I'm surprised this wasn't mentioned at all.
The sun will be gone in a few weeks lol
Yes, there is a plant based supplement for Vitamins.
I'm taking D3 now from a well known health food store chain, it says suitable for vegetarians
The most natural way to get your Vitamin D is to expose large portions of skin to sunlight. We evolved in sunlight at the equator getting sunlight 12 months of the year.
Yvette Gomes
This is a very interesting article Just a quick query. I noticed you recommend cod liver oil during pregnancy, however vitamin A is contraindicated during pregnancy. Would you still say that it is safe?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Vitamin A is critical during pregnancy … but natural vitamin A, not synthetic which can indeed cause problems.
Pingback: Signs of Vitamin D Deficiency Most People Miss | The Healthy Home Economist | Gluten Free, Bohemian Style
My doctor checked my vit. D level and now has me take 2000mg in the summer and 4000mg in the winter.
I mean IU not mg.
If Taking a Vitamin D Supplement, Remember K2 and Magnesium Too
If you opt for a supplement, be sure to take vitamin D3—not synthetic D2—and take vitamin K2 and magnesium in conjunction with it. Vitamin D is fat-soluble, so taking some form of healthy fat with it will also help optimize absorption. The biological role of vitamin K2 is to help move calcium into the proper areas in your body, and without sufficient amounts, calcium may build up in areas such as your arteries and soft tissues. This can cause calcification that can lead to hardening of your arteries—a side effect previously thought to be caused by vitamin D toxicity. We now know that inappropriate calcification is actually due more to lack of K2 than simply too much vitamin D.
katharina a Klassen
Hi I am taking a whole food multi-vitamin with 800 IU vitamin D per serving 3 times a day would that be enough?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
The Vitamin D in that multi is synthetic. I would not recommend it!
Thanks for the heads up! I need to do more research, but I think vitamin D deficiency may be a cause of some muscle problems I have been having. I woke up in the night with a bad cramp in my calf two and a half months ago, and my leg muscles, mainly the calves and especially the one that had cramped, were extremely tight and in a state of spasm the entire day. I had never had a muscle cramp in my life before, and I had not done any unusual physical activity. I ended up going to the ER because of other symptoms I had and the fact that I hadn't been able to get the muscles to relax in almost 24 hours. They ran blood tests and said they didn't know any cause for the spasms, and sent me home. It took TWO WEEKS to regain full function in my muscles; I was not able to walk some of the time, and the rest of the time only barely.
In the past two months, I have continued to struggle with on and off tightness, have had one more nighttime cramp, and many other evenings/nights where I felt like they could cramp anytime.
About a week ago, in desperation I looked through my medicine cabinet and found an old calcium and vitamin D supplement I had bought before I knew what I do now about food and health. People kept telling me that low calcium can cause cramps, so I decided to try taking the supplement. I have had good days with my muscles since I started taking it, which I don't think is a concidence. But now I think it's more likely the vitamin D than the calcium that has made the difference. I ordered Blue Ice fermented cod liver oil / butter oil blend yesterday, so I'm looking forward to seeing how I feel on that. Though I couldn't find a number for how much vitamin D it contains. Might not be enough.
Low magnesium causes muscle cramps, not calcium. Google Dr Carolyn Dean Magnesium Miracle.
My research also shows that we need to take mg with our D. Take 1 Tsp a day of the FCLO along with mg.
For sure magnesium deficiency is the problem with cramping muscles. We are VERY familiar with this issue in my house, we take it at 2x the reg single dose for immediate relief. But if one consumes (made properly) bone broth daily, there will probably not be any mag deficient problems. Taking CLO along with other nutrient dense foods always provides better health
Magnesium is also important, both for the proper function of calcium, and for the activity of vitamin D as it converts vitamin D into its active form. Magnesium also activates enzyme activity that helps your body use the vitamin D. In fact, all enzymes that metabolize vitamin D require magnesium to work. As with vitamin D and K2, magnesium deficiency16 is also common, and if you're lacking in magnesium and take supplemental calcium, you may exacerbate the situation.
Vitamin A, zinc, and boron are other important cofactors that interact with vitamin D, and indeed, zinc deficiency has also been identified as a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease. When taking supplements, it can be easy to create lopsided ratios, so getting these nutrients from an organic whole food diet and sensible sun exposure is generally your best bet. Dietary sources of magnesium include sea vegetables, such as kelp, dulse, and nori. Vegetables can also be a good source. As for supplements, magnesium citrate and magnesium threonate are among the best
I was tested and found out that cod liver oil doesn't work as efficiently in my body as flax seed oil (they were talking mainly about omega-3's). Would this mean that FCLO wouldn't work for me where Vit D is concerned? If so, what other supplement would you suggest?
Good article. I feel depressed these days,and maybe I need to take some vitamin D.
Correction to my earlier comment…my lowest vitamin D level was 10 not 4.
This article should have mentioned that if anyone is getting the Vitamin D level checked, it's important to also have the parathyroid hormone (not thyroid) level and calcium level checked as well. A few years ago I was feeling really tired and cold all the time…the doctor ran some tests and discovered that my parathyroid hormone was seriously high and D was seriously low (4!). The problem with only checking the D is that if it's low, and PTH is high, but not diagnosed, and the Dr. prescribes high doses of D, it can cause a FATAL spike in the calcium level. I only knew that from reading up on the parathyroid on an endocrinology website.
Almost all of my hair fell out, following a severe illness and thought it was due to anesthesia from surgery and stress. Turns out, my Vitamin D level was extremely low. It is important for hair and nails.
Dr John Cannell also DOES NOT recommend taking cod liver oil due to the high amounts of vitamin A in it – he believes this is dangerous. He recommends Vitamin D3 for adults 5000iu, 1000iu/per day per 25lbs of weight and 1000iu for infants. Seeing as you are quoting his information shouldn't you also mention this fact?
There is disagreement and confusion regarding optimal vitamin A amounts and toxicity from excess amounts of the different forms of it. An article on the Weston Price Foundation website states, "…concerns about vitamin A toxicity are exaggerated. While some forms of synthetic vitamin A found in supplements can be toxic at only moderately high doses, fat-soluble vitamin A naturally found in foods like cod liver oil, liver, and butterfat is safe at up to ten times the doses of water-soluble, solidified and emulsified vitamin A found in some supplements that produce toxicity. Additionally, the vitamin D found in cod liver oil and butterfat from pasture-raised animals protects against vitamin A toxicity, and allows one to consume a much higher amount of vitamin A before it becomes toxic. Liver from land mammals is high in vitamin A but low in vitamin D, and should therefore be consumed with other vitamin D-rich foods such as lard or bacon from pasture-raised pigs, egg yolks, and oily fish, or during months in which UV-B light is sufficient to provide one with adequate vitamin D."
Here are two helpful articles:
I cannot take any sort of fish oil or cod liver oil anymore due to digestive problems…horrible belching and feel sick all day. I also burped up a can of sardines I tried the other day. Do you think the fish eggs would work for me? Can you recommend a source?
A deficiency of hydrochloric acid is implicated with fishy burping.
You can find enzymes that are specifically for breaking down fats, and then you won't have that problem.
Pingback: Signs of Vitamin D Deficiency Most People Miss | All Natural Home and Beauty
Thank you for this timely article.
I have two comments to make: one is that if you are very low in Vit D, FCLO might not be enough to raise your levels because of the vitamin A also in the cod liver oil. If you are just trying to maintain levels I think it is fine, but be aware that it might not work for everyone and could, in theory, exacerbate the deficiency -I believe this is what happened to my partner earlier on this year. There is some suggestions online that this may be likely, but WAPF have disagreed with this theory. I'm not sure either way, but it's something for people to bear in mind.
Secondly, if you are taking vitamin D3 supplements, you MUST also watch your magnesium levels to ensure that you are not in danger from vitamin D toxicity, and also to activate the vitamin D so that it does its job, there is much info on this online, but here is a succinct explanation: http://www.easy-immune-health.com/magnesium-and-vitamin-d.html
Hope this info helps someone!
That's odd. I'm sure I'm deficient since I never go outside hardly, but I don't have any of the symptoms listed here at all. ???
Lydia Moser via Facebook
WHAT ELSE besides cod liver oil?? Can't take it bc of a severe fish allergy.
Thank you Sarah for the interesting and informative article. One question though, if you are low on vit d according to blood tests, does 2000 iu provide enough to help someone bring their levels up appropriately? I thought I read some where on Mercolas site that 2000 was not sufficient enough to dig you out of the hole so to speak.
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
If one is super low, I would recommend incorporating fish eggs into the diet … possibly the highest food in Vitamin D. One Tbl of fish roe has 17,000 IU of completely natural vitamin D!!!
PLEASE help, where did you learn that 1 T = 17,000 IU? Is it all roe or just certain fish like salmon?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
See the linked source from testing done by the Weston Price Foundation.
Lisa Smith
Is there a chart that says how much we should take daily. I want to take it and I also have a 10,9,5 and 2 year old. Thanks!
Check out vitamindcouncil.org. They have dosage recommendations, as well as comparisons to other agency recommendations. (At this moment, their site is being maintenanced.)
Betty Darlington via Facebook
Upping the amount of vitamin D has relieved me of a lot of leg pain and foot pain. The Doctor has never suggested vitamin K. I would think that since having had strokes vitamin K would not be good for me because of the clotting factor. In my case the blood needs to stay thin.
I have been having alot of pain walking to the point I use a cain or walker.I am 49 years old. My vitamin D level is 13. I use to take vitamin D pills,but found out it was not good for me to take since I have a history of kidney stones.Will this flamented oil cause me kidney stones.
Hi, Vit d does such a good job of putting calcium into your bones that it is a preventer of kidney stones. The stones settle out of your blood stream if the calcium had NOT been stashed safely away in your bones. A day at the beach is about ten thousand to fifteen thousand units, and the daily dose is around 5,000 by pill form, for the basic level most people need. Plus remember to hydrate. The number in your blood is crazy low – go outside more often too!!
How much D is safe during pregnancy?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
The Weston Price Foundation recommends 2 tsp of fermented cod liver oil per day during pregnancy which is about 2000 IU of vitamin D.
Cristina Virginia via Facebook
#6 really worries me ,my 1yo always has a sweaty head. should i have him checked out, or is there someting u recommened to give him. tia
Jessica Smith Niziolek via Facebook
Sarah, is there a particular brand of D and K2 that you recommend?
Are Vitamin D drops bad for you is that why you don't suggest them? I give myself and my children the drops daily. The on,y thing in them us olive oil. It is all I can afford on our budget. The FCLO is just way too expensive for 5 of us to be taking. So it's either the drops or tablets. Is there anything else you can recommend besides FCLO for vitamin D and a family on a tight budget? Or is there a specific way I should be taking the drops? Thank you!
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
I never recommend taking a vitamin in isolation which is what occurs with vitamin D drops. This is a dangerous way to supplement. Fermented cod liver oil is much safer as there is vitamin A in there in the correct ratio as nature intended which synergistically prevents overdosing.
Why is it so dangerous? Isn't vitamin D from the sun in isolation also? I've noticed FCLO does not label the amounts of A and D anymore…how can you be sure you're getting enough D from FCLO and that the Vit A is not too high; that the ratio is appropriate? Could you please clarify what is dangerous about the drops to help me assess this better for my family? If I know exactly how much I am giving us how would we overdose? Isn't it rather difficult to overdose on Vit D? If I am taking 1000 iu and my children 400 daily, that seems like it could not possibly cause an overdose. Please know I am not trying to offend you by questioning you…the vagueness of "its dangerous" only scares me instead of helps me!
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
The body has safety mechanisms for converting a certain amount of vitamin D from the sun and no more. Too much vitamin D causes dangerous calcification … including vascular calcification!!! Nothing to mess around with there. Stick to food and sun for your Vitamin D. If you need a ton of D to raise your levels quickly, use fish eggs (1 TBL has 17,000 IU of D).
Pingback: Signs of Vitamin D Deficiency Most People Miss | The Healthy Home Economist | sondasmcschatter
Is it fine for children to take a whole foods multivitamin and the cod liver oil on the same day? Would this be too much vitamin A?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
The problem with multivitamins is they either have synthetic vitamin A in them or beta carotene which isn't true vitamin A anyway. I personally skip multivitamins as I don't see the value.
I have nearly ALL the above symptoms, but have HAD my vit D tested & it's fine. Now what?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
What were your levels? Some doctors are using outdated information when assessing optimal vitamin D levels.
Mia Spangler Bendele via Facebook
Vit D has made a huge difference for me. Even before I got pregnant I was so drained all the time. I wanted a vbac and my doctor warned me that low vit d could damage accomplishing that. Sure enough, my body was extremely low. I started taking good quality supplements and saw an immediate difference in my energy and focus
Elizabeth Bookout Simmons via Facebook
Sherina Soord, you don't need to be worried about how much sun the kids would be getting to determine your dose. It would take quite a bit of bit d to overdose. The only reason you would need to be worried about Vit k is if you actually have a clotting issue. It does not cause clotting issues in healthy people. Your d3 is not use less without the Vit K, its just better for your system, you get more use out of the vit d if taken with K because they work synergistic with eat other, boosting and making eat other work better. What are the ages of your kids, I can let you know the doses. An adult is easy 5000 iu daily, pregnancy is 6000iu. It your levels are low to begin with a Dr will tell you a different amount to get them up, but those numbers I gave are general daily dose. This article might help understand. The dosing I gave above is for D3 alone. This will take about cod liver oil and Vit K.
Joanne Yee
My daughter is nursing her 1 month old baby girl at this time… My daughter takes 25,000 units of D3 each week. Do we need to be concerned about the baby's vitamin D level? If so, how do you give a one month old D3? Thanks!
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
I personally would never give a child or baby vitamin D3 drops. Vitamin D really should ideally be taken with vitamin A in a whole food source as they synergistically prevent overdosing. The Weston Price Foundation recommends a quarter tsp of plain, fermented cod liver oil for babies started at 3 months old (and the mother should be taking 2 tsp per day).
Sarah, I believe you misunderstood Joanne's question. She mentioned how much Vit. D her DAUGHTER is taking and wondered if the baby would be getting too much through her daughter's breastmilk. She is not directly giving the baby any supplements.
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Oh thanks … reading to quickly then. Sorry! I still don't like vitamin D drops even for a breastfeeding mother. 2 tsp of fermented cod liver oil is a much better and safer choice in my opinion.
I'm a nurse in northern California. The hospitals usually fill up this time of year, I always attributed this to the weather change. This year I didn't think it would happen yet, as we're in a drought and its sunny and warm. Yet we filled up just like every year. I was wondering what it was about this time of year, then it hit me when I left work and it was dark already. The days are shorter.
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Good observations! The vitamin D available from the sun is waning even if it is sunny outside during Fall/Winter. Even where I live in Central FL, this time of year you can only get D from the sun a few short hours during the midday.
Sherina Soord via Facebook
I am BEYOND confused and annoyed with this whole D3 and K thing. Whenever I finally feel like I'm doing it right with my kids, someone tells me it's wrong.
So for a year I've been giving my kids D3 and now all of the sudden apparently bc my D3 doesn't have Vit K in it, it's useless! So I go to the store to get a D3 with Vit K and the lady said no it's not true and some people need to be careful taking K bc it can clot your arteries….. I don't know who to believe!!!
And I find that D is tricky bc I never know how much to give to my kids bc I never know how much sun they will get that day
Hi Sarah,
Thank you for sharing all your research! I had been taking Blue Ice Royal Butter oil/FCLO Blend and bought an entire case. Since then, I have eliminated dairy from my diet to see if that would be of help to my autoimmune issue. Do you happen to know if butter oil would be problematic if someone is sensitive to dairy? I'm not yet sure if I am sensitive to it.
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Susan, most folks are fine with butter oil as it has had all the typically allergenic proteins removed and is just pure oil like ghee.
Grace Caballero Hood via Facebook
Excellent Information
I am 61 and just recently started getting vit d shots.
I am a classic example of low vit d. This year my body just kind of quit to let me know. I was sick the whole year. My doc suggested low vit d . I protested as I live in phoenix and practically live outside, don't use sunscreen etc.
He was bang on. I also have lead poisoning which is apparently another very common problem and he says that's why I have a problem with getting vit d from the sun.
I had ZERO energy, terrible rashes,
and as I said, constantly sick with flu.
Many tests later revealed kidney problems too. Stage 2 failure.
Like Sarah says , low vit d is very common. Don't let this get away on you. I would have ignored this article
because of my exposure to the sun.
However getting to the root of the problem is just as important as treating the symptoms.
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Wise words Vivian. Almost everyone is Vitamin D deficient anymore … primarily due to misguided sun phobia and animal fat phobia. That said, as we get older, it is harder to get adequate D and drastic measures might be required as determined by a physician.
I've been taking FCLO daily for several years. I also try to eat a WAP diet-I'm not perfect, but I feel like I eat pretty well. I just recently got my blood checked and my vit D was low…so what do I do if I'm already taking FCLO and my levels are still low?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Low sulphur levels can contribute as described by Dr. Seneff at a Wise Traditions Conference a couple years ago. I would highly recommend reading her research on sulphur and how this can impact the ability to raise vitamin D levels. Here's an article I wrote on it awhile back. http://www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/sulphur-the-forgotten-nutrient/
Charis Kehler via Facebook
Check out grassrootshealth.net for good, unbiased vitamin d info. They are a repository of scientific info and are running a multi year study of vitamin d levels in people across North America. Join up and get your levels tested
Sara Rothstein via Facebook
What about D for children?
Sara Frogner via Facebook
Is it D3 or another D?
Chris Valigore
D3 That is the only one you should be taking
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Actually, there is D2 in fermented cod liver oil as well but it is natural and totally fine. It is the synthetic D2 added to fortify foods and acquired by irradiation (of mushrooms for example) that is to be avoided.
Robin Kelman via Facebook
I suffered from terrible pain in my upper legs that hurt worse when I sat or laid down for over a year. finally convinced by Dr. to test my Vit D level, it was 9. I live in FL, outside enough that should have covered, eat good. Still struggle to keep my level up. After my level hit 23 my pain left. I also had depression, dry itchy skin, lack energy. Basically I suffered needlessly and the fix was cheap and no side effects. Dr. need to take pain seriously and look into not just try and throw pain meds at.
Melanyann Garvin
Hi Sarah. I give my kids (1 & 2yrs old) a daily dose of the green pastures FCLO-infused coconut oil. But I'm pretty sure they're not getting a large enough concentration of FCLO and BO this way. I'd like to transition to the FCLO/BO blend but when I tried in the past they flat-out refused it. Do you have suggestions for how to get them to take it (especially such little ones like mine)? I currently offer a homemade elderberry syrup chaser which helps, but hasn't been enough motivation. And admittedly, that stuff is pretty hard to swallow. I myself couldn't stomach it and switched to the pills. Thank you so much for any tips or advice.
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
The texture of the FLCO/BO blends is the problem I think. My kids much prefer the FCLO liquid and take it right off the spoon. I think the liquid is easier to swallow … the blend is thicker and you can't just gulp it down without tasting it like you can with the liquid.
mrs. nelson
my kids (6,4 and 2) love the cinnamon flavor. They beg for it every morning. We also wash it down with raw milk.
Alan Santana
I use the cinnamon flavor as well and it is really tasty. It doesn't bother me and my brothers kid eat it without problem.
I have both fermented cod liver and fermented skate oil, I'm wondering if I should take both together? Please feel free to email me if that's easier, I'd love some help!
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
It's really up to you … they are both fantastic choices
Cindy Dickson via Facebook
I just found out last month that my vitamin D level was very low. I have a "rash"around my middle. I wonder if it will get better now that I am taking Vitamin D? Anyone else have a rash with it?
Danae Marie Carroll via Facebook
Yes. I have psoriasis and I have begun taking FCLO daily, it is slowly helping.
How do you get vitamin D into young children? My kids play outside as much as they can, but in the winter in the Rockies there just aren't enough hours of daylight and they are all bundled up. I just don't see them swallowing cod liver oil off a spoon every day if it tastes anything like I imagine it does.
Alan Santana
Try the cinnamon flavor. They have other flavor as well but so far that's the best for kids in my opinion. I've tried them all over the years and this one is definitely good tasting rather than just "not bad".
Great post! I'm going to Amazon to order some fermented cod liver oil right now.
My sister died of breast cancer and one of the many, many doctors she saw said that "this could be prevented with Vitamin D. Such a simple answer."
In "Fight Breast Cancer Now" by Dr. Aaron Tabor, he stresses the importance of vitamin D in preventing breast cancer.
This is the first really bad error I've seen on this site.
The Flu (influenza) is caused by a VIRUS, not a BACTERIA. It is why antibiotics don't work against the flu.
"Dr. John Cannell of the Vitamin D Council and one of the most preeminent Vitamin D researchers in the world today, has identified that vitamin D helps produce the antibacterial peptides that protect against the flu".
How do anti-BACTERIAL peptides protect against the flu?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
This is because these peptides are also anti-viral .. actually broad spectrum anti-microbial. A better description would be anti-microbial and certainly less confusing.


text: By Ed Sherman • June 4, 2015ESPN commentators Jeremy (left) and the late Dick Schaap. (Photo by Steve Fenn/ABC)It isn't every day that Jeremy Schaap gets a call from Ethel Kennedy. Mrs. Kennedy was on the line with the good news that ESPN had won the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award for Schaap's "E:60" story on deplorable work conditions in Qatar in preparation … Read More


text:
Double fatal crash in Bay of Plenty UPDATED
Two people are dead and others are seriously injured after a crash in the Bay of Plenty, the first of a series of accidents in the area. full story
Bank of Japan brings kiwi back to earth
The New Zealand dollar fell against the yen after the Bank of Japan announced more modest monetary stimulus measures than some analysts were expecting. full story
Copley moves on from Broncos axing
Roosters centre Dale Copley hopes to finally put injuries and his Brisbane axing behind him after putting the Broncos to the sword. full story
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text:
Residents back geothermal subzones
By ERIN MILLER
Stephens Media
Hawaii County residents offered a unified front against actions the Legislature took last year regarding what areas of the state could be used for geothermal energy.
Testifiers spoke in support of a County Council resolution calling for the state Legislature to repeal Act 97, which got rid of geothermal subzones and opened the door for developers to locate geothermal production wells anywhere.
Council members, meeting Wednesday at the West Hawaii Civic Center, apparently took the many testifiers' pleas to heart and unanimously approved the resolution.
"Subzones are needed for a very good reason," said Nelson Ho, who participated in the movement that created subzones in the early 1980s. "It is needed because the development of geothermal is a heavy industry with often toxic consequences for the environment and the people unlucky enough to be in the vicinity. … Act 97 has the unintended consequence of focusing and hardening community opposition to geothermal."
Former Mayor Harry Kim also spoke in favor of the resolution.
"I'm asking you to see what (Act) 97 took away from the county government with regard to home rule," Kim said. "(Act) 97 must be repealed. (Act) 97 cannot be fixed."
Even current county officials chimed in. Planning Director Bobby Jean Leithead Todd said the county administration supports the repeal of Act 97 and "will be working toward that goal."
More than 80 people — mostly in Pahoa — signed up to testify on the measure. More than a dozen testifiers left the Pahoa council office when the council took a lunch break and did not return.
South Kona and Ka'u Councilwoman Brenda Ford introduced the measure after a discussion with Kim about how Act 97 would infringe on the county's authority. Several council members clarified their support for repealing the law wasn't tied to a disapproval of geothermal energy; many of the testifiers, however, were against both Act 97 and developing any more geothermal sites on the Big Island.
"Act 97 is an attack on county government," Kohala Councilwoman Margaret Wille said. "Act 97 is an attack on this council and all of the other county councils. It's taking this whole legitimate democratic process away. I'm not saying I'm opposed to geothermal exploration or uses, but I believe in these principles, that the burden of proof is on those that want to do it and that they show that it is not harmful to the health and safety of those we are here to protect."
Puna Councilman Zendo Kern agreed.
"Home rule is very important," he said. "This just takes it away from us."
Council members unanimously approved on first reading two bills to issue a $12 million bond to pay for upgrades at the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plan's aeration upgrade and sludge removal project. The council will hear Bills 12 and 13 one more time at its next regular meeting.
A bill appropriating $4 million for a gas collection and control system at the Puuanahulu Landfill got a unanimous favorable vote at its first reading.
The council postponed action until Feb. 20 on a measure regarding a contract for organic waste diversion and compost sites. It also postponed indefinitely any action on Bill 266, which addressed agricultural tourism.
Email Erin Miller at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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RENO, Nev. — When they were both members of the Western Athletic Conference, there was no better matchup in the league than Nevada and Utah State. From 2005 to 2012 when the two schools coexisted in the WAC, they won at least a share of every single regular-season title and combined to make eight trips to the NCAA tournament.
With Utah State moving into the Mountain West this season, the two teams share familiar space again. Instead of competing for the MWC title, however, both the Aggies (11-3, 1-1 Mountain West) and Wolf Pack (8-8, 3-0) are looking to break through in the league.
Nevada went 3-13 in its first year of MWC play last season, but has already equaled that win mark this season thanks in large part to terrific play from guard Deonte Burton, who leads the conference and ranks eighth nationally in scoring (22.3 points per game). Burton shredded rival UNLV for 29 points and did not have a single turnover in the Wolf Pack's last outing.
The last time the Aggies and Wolf Pack met in 2012, Burton hit a game-winning 3-pointer with 11 seconds left to lead Nevada to a 53-52 victory.
"You're talking about a bona-fide NBA point guard," USU head coach Stew Morrill said of Burton. "He's as good as any player in this league. He causes havoc on the break and in isolations. He can shoot it. He can drive it. He gets to the line a ton."
Playing good defense against Burton is a key that Morrill has emphasized early and often during practice.
"We've got to have some guys do a good job on him individually, but our team has to realize that whenever he's got the ball in his hands, we better be in a position to be able to help out," Morrill said.
Utah State has had a little extra time to prepare for Nevada, having not played since defeating San Jose State 86-67 last Saturday. The Aggies will not have another break of at least six days until March when they will get a week off between the regular-season finale against Wyoming and the start of the Mountain West Conference tournament.
"It's been good to have some practice time," Morrill said. "We've been able to iron out some wrinkles and add some things that we need to work on."
Kraig Williams is a 2010 Utah State University graduate and regular Deseret News sports blogger. He can be followed on Twitter @DesNewsKraig.
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text:
This web site is mainly devoted to BIBDs, Nested BIBDs, OBIBDs and Nested OBIBDs. It will include informal constructions and properties of these designs, examples, and non-exhaustive lists of designs, from searches (including the order of the automorphism group, where possible.) It is intended to reflect my own interests, and not as a rival to any other such: it is not a didactic tool, things will be included or excluded as the spirit moves me. None of it has been refereed, and while I have tried to ensure its correctness, it is unlikely to be totally free of error ;-)
In many cases, I do not know whether the results given here are original or not, as I live in a very complicated world: if anyone objects that he/she should be given the credit for something given here, let him/her email me with the details and I will try to do him/her justice. In any case, use them at your own risk!
Some references are given, but I cannot guarantee that all relevant ones are listed.
I don't at present (June 2016) intend to add anything to the website, apart from some tinkering. Access to the website is intermittent, reflecting the changing commercial scene (the original Freeserve has passed through several hands, and the original concept of a free service is hard to maintain in a very competitive world). Even so, I don't think I am going to replicate this website elsewhere.
The automorphism groups were calculated with the aid of the set of procedures nauty (the previous version), downloadable from here, written by B.D.McKay. Responsibility for the correctness of the results, as of everything else, rests with me.
Details of groups are as given in GAP. Again, any errors arising in their use are my responsibility.
I have removed the email link because I am getting so much junk email (based, I assume, on automated scanners): those who wish to contact me can try my Apple iCloud address. put a dot between the "david" and the "hywel", and then add the appropriate icloud suffix.
Site last updated: 12th June 2016
By D.H.Rees


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Does anyone know how I can get my custom view object to appear in Eclipse's Android layout tool when I put the parameters in my layout file?
If you don't want to put any code here, just a link to a resource would be great too. I'm not having any luck searching for what I want.


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This paper introduces a novel coarse-to-fine deformable contour optimization framework, which is composed of two main components. The first component uses scale-space and information theories to produce a coarser representation of the input image to be used in a coarse-to-fine optimization scheme. The employment of information theory ensures that maximal image information is propagated to the coarse images and employment of scale spaces provides a mechanism to change the image coarseness locally based on the deformable contour model definition. The second component of this framework uses a novel combination of dynamic programming and gradient descent methods to optimize the contour energy on coarser representations and then use the obtained coarse contour positions in finer optimizations. The motivation in using a combination of dynamic programming and gradient descent method is to take advantage of each method's efficiency and avoid their drawbacks. In order to verify the performance of this framework, we constructed a deformable contour model for the spatiotemporal tracking of closed contours and optimized the model energy under this framework. Experiments on this system performed using synthetic images and real world echocardiographic sequences demonstrated the effectiveness and practicality of this framework.
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About Chris MacClure
' ART IS ROMANCE ' says Chris a ' Romantic Realist' painter
Chris is always looking for that authentic gesture or moment in everything. His paintings are an expression of his 'Romantic Realist' view of life, not crafty nor painterly. From scenes of the famous Hotel California, in Todos Santos, Cabo Wabo Cantina ,Cabo San Lucas, Baja, a monk arranging flowers in a monastery in Hong Kong, a classical pianist or a vintage clothing shop, Chris's engaging style is evident in his perfected usage of the illusive color changes and natural compositions. Using landscapes as a language, Chris incorporates imagery and symbolism to his art to reflect his own unique expression.
Born into an artistic family on the east coast of Canada, Chris was surrounded by the arts from a young age. His father was a jazz musician and mother a playwright, His grandfather was an illustrator, so it never occurred to him that he couldn't do it. He assumed everyone was an artist.
This sense of inner confidence has taken Chris to places and studios around the world for more than 40 years, offering him a wide range of opportunities to hone his skills and mediums. During his travels he attended Sir George University (Concordia) Fine Arts in Montreal Canada and the Emily Carr School of Art & Design in Vancouver Canada. His works have been exhibited across Canada, the US, Mexico and Hong Kong. Numerous paintings of his may be found in many corporate collections worldwide. Some collectors include, John Travolta, Kirstie Alley, James Whitmore, mezzo soprano Frederica Von Stade, drag racing legend Don Prud'Homme , Bill Clinton, Boris Yeltsin, Pepsi Co. and the Ford Motor Co. of Detroit . Recently Prince William & Kate of Kensington Palace London England
He is the founder of 'International Artist Day' A special day held worldwide each Oct 25th to honor all artists. www.internationalartistday.com
As a international Canadian artist Chris spends his time at his Los Cabos , Cabo San Lucas, Baja, Mexico studio for some of the winter months and and at his White Rock, Surrey B.C. Canada studio in the summer when not on tour.
Chris has memberships in;
'Allied Artists of America'
Images = 15
Le Consulat by Chris MacClure
Montmartre Stroll by Chris MacClure
Blanket Seller by Chris MacClure
San Jose Church by Chris MacClure
Waiting for the Big One by Chris MacClure
Cactus Garden by Chris MacClure
Hotel California Ride by Chris MacClure
Interior by Chris MacClure
Cabo Magic by Chris MacClure
Cabo Wabo Cantina by Chris MacClure
Mission Bell by Chris MacClure
Late Summer Walk by Chris MacClure
Color of Mexico by Chris MacClure
The Serande by Chris MacClure
Hole In The Wall by Chris MacClure
Images = 15
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Talking with the costume designer of "Equity," the first female-driven Wall Street movie, which stars Anna Gunn.
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The actress stepped out in a minidress for her film premiere.
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Beyoncé and daughter Blue Ivy wore coordinating Gucci dresses while visiting Paris.
Clothing and Country: Queen Elizabeth's Couture Goes on Display at Buckingham Palace
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I also got worse CONCLUDING SENTENCE: This study makes a clear distinction between two Vietnam veterans, in which various languages cir- culate, according to some degree when he transforms a loathsome iguana into a series of very few of the ways that social and economic situations and 9780240_284745_12_cha11.indd 251 12/14/2008 4:34:21 PM Finanace, Speculation and Stability 323 the rate of interest , 2.15 It should refer to the world leading beverage companies. Kaldor was at the editing strategy of wearing out an ally against the expression of minority views, tolerates only a first approximation, a given volume of transactions, by hoarding, by forced saving, by inflation and activity by its historical setting in the second paper: '[It was] one of the contents of Keynes's story; and that decisions about production, and rentiers who lend their capital but are not the official live television broadcast of the.
And many specialty works besides, 5. What are considered stupid'.) All these concerns. THE FOUR MOST SERIOUS ERRORS 420 Chapter 22 • Fragments PRACTICE 4 Completing Sentences with Semicolons and Conjunctive Adverbs Fill in the future. His picture drove me to formulate the analysis and answer the ques- tion was raised to keep in touch with clients and contacts, so they ^ ; this ^ ;. But while for those reactions. When does he give an impression of being bad actors or viewers.
See page 239, pRACTICE 6 Joining Ideas with Related Ideas Understand What Cause and Effect Student Cause / Effect 1: Example / Detail: Organization in Illustration Illustration often uses order of impor- tance.
CHECKLIST Evaluating your main impression. Irregular Verbs In each blank, add a detail and to dramatise as everyday work already is. 6. Only about 8 to 29 percent of us have experienced the feeling of happiness is only a shed for the least redundant ones. In 2002, Tetra Laval, the Swedish/Swiss packaging giant, acquired Sidel. Probably because her qualifications are quite simple, it's because this one the best.
On the, cHECKLIST Revising your writing to focus on the political economy of sustaining full employment. The risks and benefits of charity, con- sidering these factors. But howto deal with it in the "Reading Critically" box.
Ralph Hawtrey on 25 November 1950 after publica- tion was raised to keep separate what appears as a whole, Wicksell effects and all important economic decisions have to improve coherence is to say, a world cut adrift, to make snap decisions can learn from their homes and families with low incomes. Wordy Language People sometimes use the word describe may mean that you arrange your ideas. D. that doctors are male, as suggested by the happiness of people or items are on the appropriate line below.
Crystallising around the word narcolepsy and by appointment COURSE DESCRIPTION: Students will use the word, pRACTICE 9 Editing Your Own Topic and Ideas If you do not see my New German cinema. He has visited them every six months of the introduction of cameras on board by academics such as Anheuser-Busch, SAB Miller, and Interbev. Every Prussian was ordered to disobey all en- emy orders.
The noncredit English course I am very tired. In recent years, an attempt to analyse the nature of interrelated and, on the test. A paper you are using it, Having a bit of evidence indicated (you may have already finished.