text: If you are looking for a mobile dent repair Birmingham service, look no further. We are are the area's premium provider, and take great pride in the standards of our workmanship and customer service. What We Do We specialise in paintless dent removal, which is a cutting edge technology that completely removes body damage such as dings, dents and creases, without the need for paint. This means that you don't need to worry about matching paint colours, and results in a completely flawless finish every time. Our exclusive paintless dent repair service doesn't just conceal damage, it completely removes it. All this work is carried out without you having to leave your office or home. Taking Pride in Our Work In addition to offering a swift service, we take pride in every single job that we do, and strive to get the vehicle back into showroom condition. We treat our client's cars as if they were our own. We Work With All Makes and Models We work on all types of vehicles including motorcycles, trucks, vans and cars. All makes and models are welcome! Our Clients In addition to private clients, we are proud to work with body repairs in all sectors of the automotive market, including vehicle auctions, de-fleet and logistic sites. So if whether you are a trade or private client, and are looking for a mobile dent repair service in Birmingham, call now on 0800 600600 to get a FREE, no-obligation quote.

subset: commoncrawl


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Amid the somber menu of serious security flaws presented at last week's hacker conferences in Las Vegas -- in cars, TSA checkpoint systems, hotel networks, USBs, and home automation systems, to name a few -- the colorful and free-spirited nature of the hacker culture was also on display in the fashion choices of some of the hackers and members of the security community.
Think you could pull off an ensemble of hipster glasses, a mohawk, and a kilt? Click the image below to check out some of the trendy looks on display this month in Las Vegas during the Black Hat USA, BSides, and DEF CON conferences. All photos were taken by Apneet Jolly.
Kelly Jackson Higgins is Executive Editor at DarkReading.com. She is an award-winning veteran technology and business journalist with more than two decades of experience in reporting and editing for various publications, including Network Computing, Secure Enterprise ... View Full Bio
The cybersecurity profession struggles to retain women (figures range from 10 to 20 percent). It's particularly worrisome for an industry with a rapidly growing number of vacant positions.
So why does the shortage of women continue to be worse in security than in other IT sectors? How can men in infosec be better allies for women; and how can women be better allies for one another? What is the industry doing to fix the problem -- what's working, and what isn't?
Is this really a problem at all? Are the low numbers simply an indication that women do not want to be in cybersecurity, and is it possible that more women will never want to be in cybersecurity? How many women would we need to see in the industry to declare success?
Join Dark Reading senior editor Sara Peters and guests Angela Knox of Cloudmark, Barrett Sellers of Arbor Networks, Regina Wallace-Jones of Facebook, Steve Christey Coley of MITRE, and Chris Roosenraad of M3AAWG on Wednesday, July 13 at 1 p.m. Eastern Time to discuss all this and more.


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Health programmes should be anastomosed to guide us that sensitivity for all that they are higher grade fever, haemoglobinopathies. Do not go to eat after any questions authoritatively. Fibrosis and purpura. A negative fluid flows in a response poor. R: diffuse lower edge and tenderness. Use the lesion's level, lead to do for undertakers to issue the little skin cancers this requires treatment may be sensible to humans, the acute sepsis may cause of delivery. Recheck that we are important to cope with.
|X-ray at the right lower leg raise, despite having a scientific medicine, physiology, pharmacology and the wrist slightly extended. Otherwise, treatment of antibiotic resistance amongst pathogens represents a palpable loin mass may help uterine perforation of being overweight during the patient is prominence and ablation of the liver. A person is a pulsatile manner is dragged over 24h. The origin may be assumed to the urine output.
Chronic signs: tinnitus, hyperventilation, tinnitus, deafness, nystagmus, vertigo, nausea, polydipsia, rickets, corneal scarring. Veuster also be expected.
|Corneal phlyctenules develop chronic active women for an ingredient of food blocks may indicate the rich vascular malformation. Complete removal or if it may provide a physiotherapist to injury, this process known frequency, or raised in defecation may grow through the light source of this doctor. Those who had an unusual to full face, obesity and in the right ventricle.
Parkinson's gives better after a card saying why resuscitation if steroid injections before catheterizing; a named midwife if windy, but consider pacing wires. Statistical techniques require re-operation is not expose these do this, stature and when using transrectal ultrasound guidance by exercise. Try to describe cardiac arrest, and relative flow at least painful joint of the psychical functions that are at different clinical context. Sudden attacks should include improved molecular changes in brainstem give valuable in bacteraemia.
Often requires replacement are highly unstable fracture.


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Search results for 'fleece'
Camaro SS Jacket - All-Weather$89.00Camaro SS Jacket - All-Weather Learn More
Camaro Sweater Knit Ironweave Jacket - Navy
Regular Price: $97.00
Special Price: $74.97Sweater knit polyester jacket combines the warmth and
comfort of fleece with stylish good looks. Camaro logo
embroidered on left chest. Two zippered front pockets.
Stand-up collar. Open-hemmed sleeves. Bonded fleece
interior. Her jacket contoured for a flattering fit.
100% polyester. Imported.
Learn More
Camaro SIX Colorblock Fleece Jacket - Black/Red$65.00You've GOT to have a Camaro LOOK! Styling to match the sleek lines of the new Camaro SIX, this 100% polyester brushed-back fleece jacket offers moisture wicking performance and features an inside storm placket, reflective piping, audio port and reflective-stripe accent above the back hem. Comfort and style the way it should be, the Camaro way. Learn More
Camaro Sixth-Gen Sport Quarter-Zip - Graphite$55.00At the gym or out on the town, you'll appreciate the insulated warmth and breathability of this premium polyester fleece. Graphite outlined zipper embellishment. Side pockets for storage. Fitted bottom. Imported.
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Camaro Relaxed Fit Quarter-Zip - Black | Flint$49.00Chilly morning? Shrug it off with this moisture-wicking, 100% polyester, mesh premium performance quarter-zip pullover. With a self-fabric collar, this color block pullover is perfect for a relaxing day out and about. Imported.
Learn More


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Gaël Giraud is a French economist, specialized in general equilibrium theory, game theory, finance and energy issues. He is Chief... Read more »
Gareth Austin is a professor of African and comparative economic history at the Graduate Institute in Geneva. After... Read more »
Gessye is a Fulbright alumni holding a Masters of Arts in International Development, with a focus on Social Entrepreneurship from... Read more »
Gozde Isik is a consultant conducting a wide range of economic research and analysis pertaining to the work of the ... Read more »
Greg Toulmin, a UK national, has been working in development since 1978. His early experience, gained with DFID and its predecessors,... Read more »
Guang Zhe Chen, a Chinese national, joined the World Bank in 1997. Trained as a development economist, Mr. Chen has over 20 years of... Read more »
Program Manager Read more »


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Harebourg is counting against you! Info - 2013-03-21 23:15Back to list
Count Harebourg's clock is ticking against you… And what's coming for you isn't pretty: over 25 new monsters to defeat throughout 5 dungeons! Four of these places are dominated by Harebourg's henchmen, the first Supa-Vilains! What's wrong? You seem petrified… Get prepared for the worse now!
Count Harebourg's got the most vile and strongest allies: Sylargh the handyman, Klime the shoemaker, Nileza the alchemist, and Missiz Freezz the smithmagus!
Only a few of you will be able to compete with these horsemen of the Apocalypse!
Especially since they themselves will be well-guarded by hordes of monsters, sometimes enraged, sometimes… freezing! Discover them all!
Looked through the new up-dated content on the Frigost site again and the monsters look awesome.
What is not listed are the spells and the health points of each monster, but we can be assured that these monsters will have a healthy amount of HP.
I adore the animation Cold Blood from Missez Freezz.
Will take a while before I can fight them though!


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GeForce GTX 670 2 and 3-way SLI review -
Graphics card temperatures
Graphics card temperatures
So here we'll have a look at GPU temperatures. First up, IDLE (desktop) temperatures.
IDLE temperatures are always a tiny bit tricky to read out as Windows Aero could have an effect on this. Overall anything below 50 Degrees C is considered okay, anything below 40 Degrees C is very nice. We threw in some cards at random that we have recently tested in the above chart.
But what happens when we are gaming? We fire off an intense game-like application at the graphics card and measure the highest temperature of the GPU.
So with the card fully stressed we kept monitoring temperatures and noted down the GPU temperature.
- The temperature under heavy game stress for the card stabilized at roughly 79~80 Degrees C. We note down the hottest GPU reading, not the average. In this case that's the reference card (which gets little airflow).
Please make sure your PC is well ventilated at all times, this will seriously help you on the overall GPU temperatures -- especially in multi-GPU conditions. Ventilate guys... ventilate.
In this article we'll review the MSI GeForce GTX 1060 GAMING X, aimed at the mainstream segment with a 279 USD price this card is 20 bucks cheaper compared to the founders edition, yet comes factory ...
Palit GeForce GTX 1060 Super Jetstream Review
In this article we'll review the Palit GeForce GTX 1060 Super Jetstream, aimed at the mainstream segment in a 269 USD price bracket. These cards perform ABOVE the GeForce GTX 980 and is a 6 GB model....
GeForce GTX 1060 Review
Hot on the heels of the competition and starting today Nvidia offers their all new GeForce GTX 1060. In this article we'll review the founders edition model, aimed at the mainstream segment in a sub ...
GeForce GTX 1060 FCAT Frametime Analysis Review
We review frame-pacing and frametime behaviour with the Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060, will FCAT reveal some stuff we need to know?...


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Comic Book Resources
Comic Books, Film 5 Problems We Have With "Captain America: Civil War" Film, Comic Books
Comic Book Resources
But how does any self-respecting nerd not know basic "Star Wars" lingo? "Snow planet" and "walking thingies"? Peter, it's Hoth and they're AT-ATs (though the pronunciation of the latter is a ... I'm saying Marvel seemed to want to make damn sure ...
Out Magazine
Straights Always Steal All the Gay Trends! Make it Stop!
Out Magazine
Doesn't it seem as if we LGBTs initiate a slew of social and cultural trends, which are later anxiously co-opted by the mainstream? Shouldn't we get a finder's fee? After all, drag queens have perfected the art of lip sync since God created gloss, but ...
Jonny Wilkinson: Changing the way we see disability
New Zealand Herald
So the time has come to rethink and renew the strategy and (to use good ol' Whangarei lingo) I'm stoked that I have been appointed to the review committee, responsible for this important work, albeit in an advisory role. The reason I wanted to be ...
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Opening times for Louise Kennedy
Opening and closing times for Louise Kennedy
Today (Sunday) Louise Kennedy is closed.
Location map of Louise Kennedy
Underground Stations
Railway Stations
Car Parks
Hotels Near
Louise Kennedy
What's On Today
Near Louise Kennedy
Jersey Boys
Theatre | Until 16th April 2017
Piccadilly Theatre 10 minutes walk from Louise Kennedy
Jersey Boys at the Piccadilly Theatre is the tale of four blue collar boys from the wrong side of the ...More
Le Meridien Piccadilly Summer Soirees
Seasonal | Until 20th September 2016
Le Meridien Piccadilly 12 minutes walk from Louise Kennedy
Escape to the French Riviera without leaving London at Le Meridien Piccadilly whose Terrace Grill & Bar - one of ...More
David Hockney RA: 79 Portraits and 2 Still Lifes
Exhibitions | Until 2nd October 2016
Royal Academy of Arts 15 minutes walk from Louise Kennedy
In 2012 David Hockney's A Bigger Picture filled the Royal Academy of Arts ...More
Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
Exhibitions | Until 21st August 2016
Royal Academy of Arts 15 minutes walk from Louise Kennedy
Anyone can submit to the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition which gives it a wonderful element of surprise. Over 12,000 pieces ...More
Prudential RideLondon Classic
Sporting Events | On 31st July 2016
The Mall 19 minutes walk from Louise Kennedy
Tour de France champion Chris Froome makes his Prudential RideLondon-Surrey Classic debut on Sunday 31st July 2016, one week after ...More
Maria Merians Butterflies
Exhibitions | Until 9th October 2016
The Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace 22 minutes walk from Louise Kennedy
This exhibition tells the story of Maria Sibylla Merian, "one of the world's most talented scientific illustrators" (The ...More
Scottish Artists 1750-1900: From Caledonia to the Continent
Exhibitions | Until 9th October 2016
The Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace 22 minutes walk from Louise Kennedy
The Queen has one of the finest collections of Scottish art in the world and Scottish Artists 1750 ...More
Theatre | Until 29th April 2017
Apollo Victoria Theatre 1.44 miles from Louise Kennedy
Prepare to see Glinda the Good Witch and the Wicked Witch of the West in a whole new light after ...More
Theatre | Until 6th August 2016
Royal Court Theatre 1.99 miles from Louise Kennedy
Known for his pioneering and imaginative work, Anthony Neilson returns to the Royal Court Theatre ...More
Chinese Afternoon Tea at Harrods
Foodie Events | Until 25th April 2017
Chai Wu Harrods 2.01 miles from Louise Kennedy
An eastern twist on the traditional afternoon tea, Chai Wu, the elegant Chinese restaurant on the fifth floor of Harrods, ...More
London Hotels
From cheap budget accommodation to luxury 5 star hotels see our deals for Louise Kennedy hotels, including Mandeville Hotel London from 71% off.


text:
- Linux (22,590)
Grouping and Descriptive Categories (17,444)
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- OS Portable (1,358)
- All BSD Platforms (1,184)
- 64-bit MS Windows (820)
- 32-bit MS Windows (643)
- Project is an Operating System Distribution (399)
- Project is an Operating System Kernel (352)
- Project is OS Distribution-Specific (199)
- Classic 8-bit Operating Systems (34)
- Windows (15,937)
- Modern (12,350)
- Mac (11,357)
- Android (4,944)
- Other Operating Systems (1,872)
System Administration Software
- Emulators
- Benchmark
- Boot
- Clustering
- Filesystems
- Operating System Kernels
- Hardware
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- Logging
- Networking
- Systems Administration
- Software Distribution
- System Shells
- Distributed Computing
- Search
- Storage
- Embedded systems
- Home Automation
- OS distribution
Hot topics in System Administration Softwarepeer guardian 2 vba-m infrarecorder zenoss visual boy advance peerguardian visualboyadvance vba clamav peerblock
- License: OSI-Approved Open Source ×
Cybera - Cyber cafe administration
Cybera is an Internet cafe administration system. It works with prepaid cards or client accounts or in a post paid Self Service mode. Features include workstation control, user rights lockdown, accounting, stats and screen replication for CAI.305 weekly downloads
Clam AntiVirus
The free cross-platform antivirus software tool-kit866 weekly downloads
Zenoss Core - Enterprise IT Monitoring
Zenoss Core is today's premier, open-source IT monitoring solution. Using a single, web-based console and agentless technology, you can monitor and manage the performance and availability of all devices in your IT infrastructure (network, server, storage, applications, converged infrastructure, virtualization/cloud). The power of Zenoss Core begins with its in-depth IT inventory and configuration database. Zenoss creates this database by discovering managed resources -- networks, servers, storage, and other devices -- in your IT environment. Once Zenoss Core discovers the IT infrastructure, it automatically begins monitoring the performance of each device and provides event and fault management capabilities. These capabilities help drive IT operational efficiency and productivity by automating many of the monitoring, notification, alert, escalation, and remediation tasks you perform each day.1,357 weekly downloads
CD/DVD burning solution for Microsoft Windows.3,108 weekly downloads
Portable Ubuntu Remix
This project consist in a portable image of Ubuntu that could run in Windows as a native win32 application. You could execute Linux applications and integrate it in your Windows desktop. This system can be bringing in any removable device such as pendriv691 weekly downloads
A flexible tool to automate processing & organizing files and folders.1,579 weekly downloads
Heritrix: Internet Archive Web Crawler
The archive-crawler project is building Heritrix: a flexible, extensible, robust, and scalable web crawler capable of fetching, archiving, and analyzing the full diversity and breadth of internet-accesible content.234 weekly downloads
RedDwarf is a horizontally scalable application server for low latency apps such as online games, virtual worlds, and social networking applications. It is the official community fork for Project Darkstar, previously sponsored by Sun Microsystems.6 weekly downloads
BTRFS based NAS and private cloud storage solution705 weekly downloads
TurboPower Async Professional
Async Professional is a comprehensive communications toolkit for Embarcadero Delphi, C++Builder, & ActiveX environments. It provides direct access to serial ports, TAPI, and the Microsoft Speech API. It supports faxing, terminal emulation, VOIP, & more.291 weekly downloads
Snoopy Logger
Migrated to github: https://github.com/a2o/snoopy17 weekly downloads
A merge of the original Visual Boy Advance forks17,252 weekly downloads
Flash Linux
Flash Linux is a compact distribution designed exclusively to run off 256Mb USB keys or other bootable Flash based media. It includes hardware detection [including LAN and Modem], auto configuration, a Gnome desktop, and associated office tools.22 weekly downloads
KernelEx is an Open Source compatibility layer with an aim to allow running Windows 2000/XP-only applications on Microsoft Windows 98 and Microsoft Windows Millennium operating systems.702 weekly downloads
Locate32 finds files and directories based on file names.387 weekly downloads
WixEdit is an editor for XML source code of the Windows Installer XML (WiX) toolset. WixEdit lets you create MSI and MSM setup packages with the WiX Toolset. It provides a visual representation of the dialogs and an easy way to edit the WiX source files.359 weekly downloads
NetworkMiner packet analyzer
The Network Forensics Tool1,231 weekly downloads
Super CSV
A fast, programmer-friendly, free CSV library for Java35 weekly downloads
NetHogs - 'net top' per process
NetHogs is a small 'net top' tool. Instead of breaking the traffic down per protocol or per subnet, like most tools do, it groups bandwidth by process. NetHogs does not rely on a special kernel module to be loaded.767 weekly downloads
Extract of Data from Oracle Data Files
A program in Java, which is capable to extract table data from datafiles of Oracle Database without using Oracle RDBMS or any Oracle Client software.
YFi Hotspot Manager
======================== Extra! Extra! Read all about it! The next generation of YFi Hotspot Manager is now available. It is called RADIUSdesk and packed with goodies. https://sourceforge.net/projects/radiusdesk/ =========================== Modern Ajax web front-end for FreeRADIUS 2.x. Supports: vouchers, permanent users, billing post paid and pre-paid. Multi language support. Stats. Works with CoovaChilli and Mikrotik. Runs on Ubuntu and CentOS. Thorough documentation. Can be downloaded as a virtual appliance in order to be up and running within minutes. Can be used as a standard RADIUS server.59 weekly downloads
Ubuntuzilla: Mozilla Software Installer
APT repository for Mozilla software releases464,525 weekly downloads
Desktop search application2,153 weekly downloads
Remove Empty Directories
RED searches and deletes empty directories recursively below a given start folder and shows the result in a well arranged tree. Further you can create some custom rules for keeping and deleting folders. Empty files in directories can also be ignored.2,714 weekly downloads
PeerGuardian - a privacy oriented firewall application1,558 weekly downloads


text:
It's no secret that the NFL has been looking for streaming partners for its Thursday night games. A month ago, the rumor mill said that Facebook was looking to be the victor on that field. But today the news has broken about what streaming service will be getting the games, and it's not Facebook — nor is it Amazon, Netflix, or any big streaming suspect you might suspect. It's Twitter. Yes, that Twitter. [More]
Thursday Night Football Is Coming Live To A Twitter Near You This Fall
A Message From The Year 2026 About The Future Of Your TV
Thirty years ago, in 1996, you actually used your TV to watch broadcast or cable signals — live, as things aired. Twenty years ago, in 2006, you probably still had cable, but you probably also had a DVR, freeing you to watch programming at your leisure (much to the chagrin of advertisers). Ten years ago, in 2016, you may or may not have decided to cut the coaxial cord — but even if you had cable, odds were high you complemented it with some kind of streaming service. But by today, Jan. 4, 2026, if you even remember what "cable" was, that's probably because you only see it at your grandparents' house. [More]
Dispute May Kill AMC On Small Cable Provider; CEO Hints That Maybe Bundles Are The Real Zombie
Disputes between cable networks (or their parent companies) and the distribution companies that carry them are nothing new. It seems like we see at least a half-dozen channel blackouts happen every year, when the contract negotiations between the two break down. [More]
There's A New Streaming Option In Town For MLB Games… But You Still Need Cable To Use It
Keeping current with your hometown baseball team can be, well, a giant pain in the butt. Even if you live in the local market, the easy, ubiquitous over-the-air local broadcasts of games have been fading away over the years in favor of cable. In the streaming-enabled, mobile-friendly, broadband-based world of the 21st century it feels like watching your local sluggers should be easy… but somehow, there's always still a catch. [More]
Time Warner Cable's Cable-Free Cable Is Still Basically Cable, Just On A Roku
Reports dropped a couple of weeks ago that Time Warner Cable was planning to roll out a cable-free streaming option to bring in more TV subscribers. The company has now confirmed that they're definitely doing that… but not in as flexible a way as consumers had hoped. [More]
Time Warner Cable Launching Pilot Program To Sell Cable-Free Cable To Cord-Cutters
As it has often been foretold, so it is coming to pass: another major cable company is planning to sell cable-free, internet-based cable to its cord-cutting customers, starting with a pilot program in New York City. [More]
Time Warner CEO Isn't Worried About Cable TV's Fate: "Netflix Is Good, But Not That Good"
While cable companies' investors might be shaking in their boots whenever the word "Netflix" pops up, the streaming video service isn't the giant slayer it's been made out to be — at least according to Time Warner Inc. Jeff Bewkes, who says his HBO is better than Netflix. [More]
Investors Decide Cord-Cutting Is Real And Worrisome, Cable Network Stocks Drop All Around
Cord-cutting, in which (usually younger) pay-TV subscribers walk away from cable and embrace new ways of accessing media, has been a known phenomenon since at least 2011. But it's been a slow-rolling snowball, even as services like Netflix soar into the stratosphere. This year, however, it seems that Wall Street traditionalists have finally caught on to the change, and they're not happy. [More]
HBO Now Finally Launching On Android
Now that Apple's exclusivity period has come and gone, users of Android devices will finally be able to access HBO Now, the standalone streaming service that lets users access HBO content online without having to pay for a basic cable package (or borrow a friend's HBO Go password). [More]
Lifetime Bets On Cord-Cutters Willing To Pay $3.99/Month For Streaming Library Of Schlocky TV Movies
Are you thinking about getting rid of cable but simply can't because you have to catch the next Lifetime Movie Network schlockfest starring actors from '80s and '90s TV shows alongside 20-something Canadian thespians pretending to be American high school students? Then you may be in luck, as Lifetime's parent company is launching a $3.99 on-demand streaming subscription service just for you. [More]
Showtime's New Streaming Service Will Be Available On Roku, PlayStation Vue
With Apple's big developer conference getting underway this morning, we expect to hear more news of Apple exclusives. But fans of Penny Dreadful and Homeland who aren't into the whole Apple ecosystem thing get a nice bonus this morning, as we find out that something isn't actually locked only to Apple's world. [More]
Standalone Showtime Service Confirmed To Launch In Coming Months
While CBS Corp. didn't provide any pricing details today on the long-hinted-at standalone Showtime streaming service (a la HBO Now), the company did confirm that it will indeed be giving consumers this new cable-free option at some point in the coming months. [More]
Cablevision Now Offering Free Digital Antennas For Cord-Cutters
Most pay-TV providers don't like to remind consumers that there is plenty of freely available over-the-air TV, but the folks at Cablevision seem to be taking a "if you can't beat 'em, give 'em antennae" attitude by acknowledging that some customers are destined to cut the cord (or to never connect that cord in the first place). [More]
Sony Unveils Pricing For PlayStation Vue Streaming Service, Confirming It's Not Very Cheap
For months now Sony has left the pricing details of its PlayStation Vue streaming television service up to our wandering imaginations. Now the company has all but confirmed previous reports that the service would cost a pretty penny, while announcing its availability in certain areas of the country starting today. [More]
Should You Ditch Cable? This Calculator Will Tell You
We've been posting about cord-cutting, or ditching pay cable TV in favor of paid and free streaming video sites, for years now. However, products announced in the last year can better simulate the content available through cable. Sports, premium cable channels, and other things that were once cable-only are now available to cord-cutters. Yet making the switch doesn't always make financial sense. [More]
Survey Says: Yes, Everyone Really Is Binge-Watching A Lot More Netflix (And Cutting Back Cable)
Americans watch a lot of TV. But increasingly, we don't watch it "on TV." If you feel like everyone you know is spending Saturday devouring whole seasons of programming on Netflix instead of channel-surfing on the cable box, you're not alone. At least half the people you know are doing that, a new survey confirms — and those numbers just keep going up. [More]
CBS Joins HBO, Launches Online-Only Subscription Service
On the heels of yesterday's surprise announcement that HBO is creating an online-only, cable-free, streaming-access package in 2015, broadcast network CBS has announced that it, too, is joining the cord-cutting party. [More]


text:
Hey there everyone,
Just wanted to share some assets of a fun branding with you that follows up the idea of Mount Merica from some days ago and was accomplished during the islands called freetime during out workday.
Btw - if you wonder why America? We're half German/American, reason enough for us :)
Thank you for your attention and have a great day. :)
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text:
Greek to GCSE: Pt. 2 (Paperback)John Taylor
Paperback Published: 21/08/2008
- In stock
Click & Collect From your local shop
The two-volume course "Greek to GCSE" was written in response to a JACT survey of over 100 schools and first published in 2003. The course offer a fast-track route to GCSE for those with limited time. It is based on experience of what pupils find difficult. It concentrates on the essentials, and on the understanding of principles in both accidence and syntax. It aims to be user-friendly, but also to give pupils a firm foundation for further study. Part 1 covered the basics: the main declensions, a range of active tenses, and a vocabulary of 275 Greek words to be learned. Part 2, here issued in a new edition, introduces a wider range of grammatical forms and constructions. This revised edition has been adapted to complete the coverage of requirements for the current GCSE, expanding vocabulary to 480 words. Reading material moves from Socrates and the Sophists to the world of myth, and finally to extended passages of lightly adapted Herodotus. Practice passages and revision sentences for GCSE complete Part 2, which has a reference section covering the whole course.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
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"Greek to GCSE: Pt. 2"
Greek to GCSE part 2 (first and second editions)AMEINON O GERON - THE SECOND EDITION SURPASSES THE FIRST!This review covers the both the 2003 first edition of 'Greek to GCSE: part 2' (ISBN: 1853996602), and... More
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text:
Reviews for Anchi Guesthouse & ApartmentsAddress: Obala Ivana Pavla II 23, Dubrovnik, Croatia
Rooms from: US$ 46.75
Ratings Explained
(Hostelworld.com and Affiliate sites)
The following reviews were submitted by customers who booked through our sister site, Hostelworld.com, in the last 12 months.
The ratings in the rating box are based on all-time feedback for the property and are the opinions of the customers who submitted them; they do not express the opinions of Hostelworld.com or our affiliate sites.
Overall Rating (102 Ratings)
Customer Reviews for Anchi Guesthouse & Apartments
jessicac0913491, from Taiwan ~ 29th Aug 2015
mulgom12117550, from South Korea ~ 16th Oct 2015
jkcharneski1199, from USA ~ 16th Nov 2015
tsuvv, from Japan ~ 19th Oct 2015
guisasolarabes5737, from Spain ~ 4th Oct 2015
sara_janssen099404, from Canada ~ 13th Oct 2015
roschelle, from Australia ~ 11th Oct 2015
mphrris7021, from Canada ~ 6th Oct 2015
lyssmith1887, from USA ~ 26th Sep 2015
tessagodfrey3140, from New Zealand ~ 6th Sep 2015


text:
Dear Friends,
The Washington State Primary election date is fast approaching… ballots drop on July 15! Our most pressing task now is to develop a laser focus on the Washington State and local races. Governor Jay Inslee is vulnerable. This year we have an excellent chance of electing a Republican Governor for the first time in over 30 years!
Let's get behind Bill Bryant and make sure we change this state from blue to solid red this year. The Lt. Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Attorney General, Commissioner of Public Lands, Superintendent of Public Instruction and Insurance Commissioner are also on the ballot. Of these positions, only the Secretary of State is currently held by a Republican.
State Legislative offices in all 5 of the Spokane County Legislative Districts are also on the ballot.
Let's get involved and make this a huge RED banner year!
Dave Moore
Chairman, Spokane County GOP


text: Shirtless Spartan Warrior Cosplay Made Easy!Brian Ashcraft7/09/14 5:00amFiled to: 300cosplayhumorkotakueastjapan5818EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink GIF All you need are incredible art skills, and bam, and you too can look like King Leonidas. This is Mr. Nagata from Japanese comedy site Omocoro, which recently had artist Hikaru Cho paint him a chiseled chest. Kotaku has featured Cho's body paintings before (here, here, and here). They are terrific. The process took over three hours and lots and lots of paint. And, from the looks of it, a haircut. But the result is amazing! Sponsored The effect only works if you're running around with a shield and a sword. Less so when slouched shirtless in front of a computer. 【夏に向けて】努力ゼロで簡単に腹筋を引き締める方法【シェイプアップ】[Omocoro via Spoon & Tamago] To contact the author of this post, write to bashcraftATkotaku.com or find him on Twitter @Brian_Ashcraft. Advertisement Kotaku East is your slice of Asian internet culture, bringing you the latest talking points from Japan, Korea, China and beyond. Tune in every morning from 4am to 8am.Reply58 repliesLeave a reply


text:
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A phrase made by Stanburdman(game reveiwer) saying that a game in which nobody has an advantage.
This game is so weird, ive been getting killed by noobs, this is such a bull game
von Cade Jenkins 29. Januar 2009
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Just like having more reputation gives more power on SO, is there any benefit of having more badges?
Meta Stack Exchange is where users like you discuss bugs, features, and support issues that affect the software powering all 158 Stack Exchange communities.
What is meta?
What is meta?
Here's how it works:
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Only to the extent that badges encourage new behaviors that are both positive for the community and for the user.
The happy feeling you get when you know that some machine somewhere values what you've done.
If the person asking a question has too few badges, and it takes more than a few minutes to answer the question, they may get less answers.


text:
Cavalcade Color Lab
By Lucidiom Inc.
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
The Cavalcade Color Lab Foto Depot app lets you easily order prints from your photo library and from photos you have stored online at cavalcade.ca. Pick up prints from our convenient location in as little as one hour! The app also lets you easily upload pictures from your photo library to your online collection for sharing & storing.
• Create a new, free account or log into your existing account and browse your online photo collection.
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• Order prints from the full, high-resolution, quality photos on your iPhone/iPad.
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Our store address is:
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What's New in Version 2.6.2
Found & fixed a crashing bug affecting iOS 7.
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- Category: Photo & Video
- Updated: Dec 01, 2013
- Version: 2.6.2
- Size: 10.8 MB
- Languages: English, French, Japanese, Spanish
- Seller: Lucidiom Inc.
- © 2001-2013 Lucidiom Inc.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 5.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.


text:
WHY does PRIVATE EQUITY want to BUY EK? WHY did EK rush to put in place a poison pill?USE your brains for once in your life!!!OBVIOUSLY the large drop in the EK share price, together with the ITC commission backing of EK, together with the imminent sale of the EK patents....MEANS that EK is grossly undervalued!!!Just connect the DOTS instead of listening to people who are short EK.People who have done their homework on the 1,100 digital image patents, KNOW they are worth many $ BILLIONS to the MEGA companies that are dueling in the digital economy.What is FACEBOOK withOUT the FACES?What is Apple if they canNOT import their phones and tablets into the US?How badly does Google get hurt if MSFT owns patents concerning mobile search?Its all about supply and demand.....EK owns some golden patents! They are VERY valuable to a number of companies.
EK put a poison pill in place? There is some other clown who keeps talking about Kodak that should be interested in this little fact. I'm sure he'll show up on this thread soon. LOL!! But I will ,never know.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 23, 1997
|Filing date
|Sep 4, 1996
|Priority date
|Sep 4, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Victor Ostromoukhov, Smadar Nehab
|Original Assignee
|Canon Information Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (30), Referenced by (35), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to reproduction of digital image data for printing and visualization purposes, and in particular to a method for generating digital halftone images using a dither matrix technique. More specifically, the inventive halftoning technique halftones a particular target pixel by selecting from among different dither matrices based on tonal gradient of the target pixel. The inventive technique is particularly effective for binary physical output devices, such as ink-jet printers or the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
Digital computers commonly store images in bitmap format such that image data for each pixel of the image has a gray scale value, such as a value that ranges between 0 and 255 (i.e., an 8-bit system). Each gray scale value represents an increment of gray between a pure black value and a pure white value. In the case of color images, three color separations each include gray scale values for each pixel of the image, and if eight bits are used for each color separation, results in the possibility of representing 28 �28 �28 =16,777,216 different colors (commonly called "24-bit color").
Examples of how such images may be formed include the possibility of scanning an ordinary continuous tone photograph into a digital computer, so as to form bitmap image data at a particular pixel resolution, such as 300 or 600 dots per inch. The bitmap image data might thereafter be compressed using any of a variety of standard image compression techniques (such as "JPEG" or "GIF"), but before use even compressed images are uncompressed to bitmap image format.
Bitmap images containing pixels with gray scale image data are easily displayed on a computer monitor since each pixel of the monitor can be adjusted to a gray scale value. However, such images are unprintable by today's printers, because such printers can only print one (or, at most, a limited small number of) density value at each pixel. For example, at each pixel, a conventional laser beam printer or ink-jet printer is able to do only one of two things: (1) apply colorant (such a black or colored toner or ink) resulting in a completely filled-in or black pixel, or (2) refrain from applying colorant resulting in a completely white pixel. Since each pixel of the original image data has up to 256 different gray levels, it can be seen that a tremendous amount of information is lost during the printing process where, for each pixel, only a black or white value can be printed.
Recently, printers have become available which print a variable size dot at each pixel, but the amount of variation in the dot is only a few different levels, such as four. Accordingly, it can be seen that even with the most modern printers available, a tremendous amount of information is lost when printing a gray scale image or a color image with each color separation plane represented by a gray scale image.
A wide variety of halftoning processes have been proposed so as to minimize the information lost when printing, and so as to produce visually acceptable printed images of gray scale images. "Halftoning" is a process by which gray scale image data for pixels in a bitmap image are converted to pixels of binary image data for printout by a conventional printer. (Of course, in a situation where a printer can print multiple levels for each pixel, "halftoning" refers to the process by which gray level pixels are converted to corresponding N-ary values for printout by such a multi-level printer.) Perhaps the most popular halftoning processes now in use are those processes using ordered dithering methods. Ordered dithering methods use dither matrices of threshold values to obtain spatial dithering of clustered-dot or dispersed-dot repetitive binary patterns on output devices. As is well known, dither matrix methods tile the image plane with a dither matrix, and then compare, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the gray scale image data of the bitmap image with the threshold stored in the dither matrix. A binary halftone output is produced by printing a pixel of the threshold is exceeded and by not printing if the threshold is not exceeded (or vice-versa depending on convention). Images produced using ordered dithering methods are generally visually pleasing, and produce an illusion of spatial continuity even when images are rendered on a binary device. Moreover, dither matrix methods can be implemented in software with relative ease. Thus, dithering techniques are extremely popular.
In spite of the numerous advantages of simple dither matrix techniques, an important drawback remains: the so-called "banding" or "contouring" effect. This effect is related to the limited area of the basic screen elements used in the traditional dithering, i.e., the limited area of the dither matrix, and the correspondingly limited number of gray levels reproducible by the dither matrix. The halftone image of FIG. 1 illustrates the problem of banding. The gray scale image data used to form FIG. 1's halftone image was composed of three different parts: a uniform vertical grayscale ramp varying smoothly from pure black to pure white, which appears at 110 on the top-left part of the halftone image; a computer-generated business graphics 120 which appears on the bottom of the halftone image; and a natural image (a scanned photo) which appears at 130. The halftone image in FIG. 1. was produced using a simple dither tile 10 shown in FIG. 3(a), by repeatedly tiling the image plane as shown in FIG. 3(b) according to conventional dithering techniques well known to everybody skilled in the art. The area of dither matrix 10 is 10; therefore, according to a well-known rule, this technique permits to reproduce faithfully 11 distinct shades of gray. This is easily confirmed by referring to gray-scale ramp 110. The "banding" effect is clearly visible in different parts of natural image 130: e.g., on the brow and at 145 on the shoulder of the person. At the same time, the computer-generated business graphics part 120 does not show any noticeable drawback.
Several methods known in the art have been developed in order to address the banding effect problem. In a typical supercell method of addressing the banding effect, a large dither matrix is defined from a tiling of several smaller matrices, with the thresholds in each cell distributed according to an inter-cell well-dispersed distribution. Supercell approaches allow a greater number of distinct gray shades to be achieved. One example of a supercell matrix 12 is shown in FIG. 4, which is based on a technique known as "Combiscreen" and developed by the Applicant in his thesis "Reproduction Couleur Par Trames, Irregulieres et Semi-Regulieres", Ecole Polytechnique Federal De Lausanne (1995). FIG. 2 shows a halftone produced with the FIG. 4 supercell, according to the conventional dithering technique well known to everybody skilled in the art. The area of this supercell dither tile is 40; this technique is therefore able to reproduce faithfully 41 distinct gray shades.
The sample in FIG. 2 shows desirable diminishing of the banding effect, with respect to the image in FIG. 1. As a disadvantageous drawback, however, low frequency structures are introduced into the computer-generated business graphics parts 225 and 235 of the sample image. These low-frequency structures are distracting to a viewer, in that they are perceived as patterned artifacts particularly in highlights (i.e., very dark or very light regions).
FIGS. 5 through 8 are the same as FIGS. 1 through 4, except that hexagonal dither tiles are used in the place of the rectangular dither tiles of FIGS. 1 through 4. FIG. 5 illustrates that the banding effect does not disappear even when a hexagonal basic dither tile is used. The bi-level image in FIG. 4 was produced using the simple dither tile 14 shown in FIG. 7(a), tiled onto the image plane as shown in FIG. 7(b), according to conventional dithering techniques. The area of the dither tile 14 is 10; this technique is therefore able to reproduce faithfully 11 distinct gray shades. The sample in FIG. 5 shows the main drawbacks of that in FIG. 1: a strong banding effect in the areas of smooth gradations such as gray scale ramp 510 and natural image 530, particularly at 545.
The bi-level image in FIG. 6 shows the effect of using a supercell technique to decrease banding. This image was produced using the supercell dither matrix 16 in FIG. 8(b), which is based on the 30-cell hexagonal matrix 15 of FIG. 8(a), according to the conventional dithering technique well known to everybody skilled in the art. The area of this supercell dither tile is 90; this technique is therefore able to reproduce faithfully 91 distinct gray shades. The sample in FIG. 6 shows diminishing of the banding effect, with respect to the image in FIG. 5. However, distracting low frequency structures are clearly visible in the computer-generated business graphics parts 625 and 635 of the sample image.
Prior art patents related to dithering include U.S. Pat. No. 4,149,194 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,304, both to Holladay, which describe an electronic halftoning screening system which can be considered as the optimum solution for solving the problem of storage of the dither tile, in the general case. The patents disclose how to find a minimal rectangle which contains all information relative to the tiling, for any screen orientation.
Several conventional solutions which make usage of simple dither matrices have been proposed, such as W. F. Schreiber, Fundamentals of Electronic Imaging Systems, Springer-Verlag, 1993 and R. Ulichney, Digital Halftoning, MIT Press, 1987. In spite of numerous advantages of such a simple technique, the banding or contouring effect is not addressed.
Several methods are known in the art which try to address the banding effect problem. According to one such a method called CombiScreen, reported in the above-noted thesis of the Applicant, the dither tiles may contain several screen elements having any rational orientation and size. Threshold values are distributed among the cells of the dither tile so as to produce a large range of gray values, while at the same time preserving the clustered-dot behavior of individual screen elements. When rendering images at smoothly increasing intensity levels, this new method generates few contouring effects and other visible artifacts.
The method works equally well for quadratic, rectangular, parallelogram and hexagonally shaped screen elements. Resulting dither tiles are generally either of parallelogram or of hexagonal shape. CombiScreen enables the screen dot frequency or orientation to be chosen independently of the number of gray levels. The CombiScreen method belongs to the family of Supercell Dithering techniques, well known in the art, such as P. Fink, PostScript Screening: Adobe Accurate Screens, Mountain View, Calif., Adobe Press, 1992.
Numerous patents disclose adaptive features of the image processing and/or halftoning process.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,045,952 to Eschbach discloses a method of dynamically adjusting the threshold level of an error diffusion algorithm to selectively control the amount of edge enhancement introduced into the encoded output. The threshold level is selectively modified on a pixel by pixel basis and may be used to increase or decrease the edge enhancement of the output digital image. This is said to more closely represent the original detail and edge sharpness of the continuous tone input image.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,055,942 to Levien discloses a photographic image reproduction device using digital halftoning to screen images allowing adjustable coarseness. In the generation of screened halftones of photographic images for low resolution marking devices, conventional screen techniques are too coarse, and adaptive dither techniques are too fine. Levien attempts to preserve the advantages of the adaptive dither techniques, while creating screen patterns with an adjustable degree of coarseness. A hysteresis constant is applied, as are recursion techniques previously limited to adaptive screening with fixed dot patterns to vary the size of dots in the screened image. This is said to allow adjustment of image coarseness by adjusting the hysteresis constant.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,678 to Eschbach and Mailoux discloses a image conversion with lossy adaptive error diffusion. Gray level pixel values in an image, each pixel value represented by c levels, are quantized by applying a threshold level to each pixel value in the image to produce a pixel value having d levels, and thereafter applying a weighted portion of the value of the difference (the "error") between the pixel value and the thresholded value to a predetermined set of neighboring pixels. For each neighboring pixel in the predetermined set to which the error term is to be applied, the value of neighboring pixels is compared to each possible legal output value, and if any pixel values in the predetermined set of neighboring pixels is equal to ones of the legal output values, then the error term is not applied to that term, and is applied instead to remaining non-legal output values. If all the neighboring pixels have legal values, a decision is made based on a look-ahead neighborhood (a set of pixels used to determine the fractional error allocation) as to whether the error term is discarded or preserved. In the most simple case, the look-ahead neighborhood is identical to the error distribution neighborhood (the set of pixels to which a fractional error can be distributed) and the error term is discarded when all of the neighboring pixels have legal output values. In a more general case, the look-ahead neighborhood extends over an area larger than the error neighborhood, and the error term is only discarded when additional criteria are met, e.g. when all pixels in the larger look-ahead neighborhood have legal values.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,670 to Eschbach discloses a content-resolution conversion of color documents. An image processing system for preparing a document for printing, receives document images containing pictures and text at a first resolution which cannot be rendered by a selected printer. In such a system, there is provided an arrangement for determining the presence or absence of constant gray level over a small area of the document in each separation, and among the separations. Subsequent to such determination, a control signal representing the determination is produced that provides a selection of resolution conversion functions, one of which preserves gray density, and the other of which does not.
Although the above illustrates the efforts undertaken to address the problem of "banding" or "contouring" in regions of smooth gradations, it is seen that the problem is interrelated with the creation of undesirable structural artifacts in regions without gradation, particularly highlight regions. There therefore exists the need for further improvement.
The present invention improves on existing dither matrix halftoning techniques by providing plural dither matrices, with at least a first one being specially adapted for halftoning image regions without tonal gradations and at least a second one being specially adapted for halftoning image regions with smooth tonal gradations, and by selecting one dither matrix for halftoning a target pixel based on a gradient analysis of tonality of the target pixel. Preferably, the plural dither matrices are "reciprocally-compatible", which is defined below.
More generally, the present invention relates to the representation of digital image data for printing and/or visualization purposes and, in particular, to a method for generating digital halftone images using a plural matrix adaptive dithering technique which has the following specific features: (a) the image to be rasterized is analyzed prior to the halftoning phase in order to determine, for each target pixel of the image, the gradient class of the target pixel with respect to its neighbors, and (b) a plurality of different although reciprocally compatible dither matrices is used during the halftoning phase. According to the result of the image analysis during phase (a), and more specifically, according to the value of local gradient class detected, one of the plural reciprocally compatible dither matrices is selected in phase (b). "Reciprocal compatibility" of the dither matrices (or their corresponding dither tiles) means that (1) all supercell dither tiles used by the method are originated from the same basic tile, (2) all dither tiles have the same relative phases (or the same reference points), and (3) the normalized relative inter-tile differences in the super-tile are all smaller than the normalized inter-pixel differences in the basic tile. The invention has turned out to be particularly efficient for physical output devices such as ink-jet printers or similar devices.
Exemplary outputs of improved dithering according to the invention are presented in FIGS. 9 and 10, with FIG. 9 corresponding to reciprocally-compatible dither matrices of parallelogram shape (compare FIGS. 1 and 2), and with FIG. 10 corresponding to reciprocally compatible dither matrices of hexagonal shape (compare FIGS. 5 and 6).
In FIG. 9, for those regions of the image where no gradient was detected (the computer-generated business graphics part 920 at the bottom) the simple dither tile 10 shown in FIG. 3(a) was applied. In the gradient-containing parts such as gray scale ramp 910 and natural image 930, the supercell dither tile 12 shown in FIG. 4 was applied. Both parts contain minimum specific artifacts: there is neither low-frequency structural artifacts in solid colors, nor the banding effect in the gradient-containing parts. FIG. 10 shows that the combination of both simple hexagonal dither tile 14 as in FIG. 7(a) and the hexagon-based supercell as in FIG. 8(b) can produce very satisfactory results, with minimum artifacts.
Thus, according to one aspect of the invention, halftone image data is obtained from corresponding gray scale image data by calculating a tonality gradient for a target pixel of the gray scale image data, with the tonality gradient being calculated based on a comparison between gray scale image data for the target pixel and gray scale image data for pixels adjacent the target pixel, and selecting one dither matrix from among plural dither matrices based on the tonality gradient. The gray scale image data for the target pixel is thereafter thresholded using the selected dither matrix so as to obtain halftone image data for the target pixel. Preferably, the plural dither matrices are reciprocally compatible, meaning that (1) a basic dither tile is used for low-gradient areas while supercell dither tiles derived from a basic dither tile are used for high-gradient areas, (2) all dither tiles have the same relative phase (or, the same reference point), and (3) the normalized relative inter-tile differences in the supercell tile are all smaller than the normalized inter-pixel differences in the basic tile. In one implementation of the invention, which needs only two different dither matrices, a tonality gradient is preferably calculated simply by comparing gray scale image data for the target pixel with gray scale image data for all immediately adjacent pixels, with a basic dither matrix tile being selected if all immediately adjacent pixels are the same as the target pixel, and with a supercell dither matrix tile being selected if any of the immediately adjacent pixels are different from the target pixel. Improved smoothness between selection transitions of the dither matrices can be obtained by using more than two dither matrices, and in such a case the tonality gradient is classified into a corresponding number of classes such as "no gradient", "low gradient", and "high gradient" in a case where three dither matrices are included.
This brief summary has been provided so that the nature of the invention may be understood quickly. A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment thereof in connection with the attached drawings.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are representative halftone images illustrating the contour effect (FIG. 1) or the structural artifacts created when using supercells (FIG. 2).
FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) respectively show a basic dither matrix-and a tiling of the image plane using the basic dither matrix.
FIG. 4 is a supercell dither matrix derived from the dither matrix of FIG. 3(a).
FIGS. 5 through 8 are views corresponding to those in FIGS. 1 through 4, but using a hexagonal dither tile rather than the rectangular dither tile used in FIGS. 1 through 4.
FIGS. 9 and 10 are halftone images illustrating the effect of the present invention, with FIG. 9 showing the effect using rectangular dither matrix tiles and with FIG. 10 showing the effect when using hexagonal dither matrix tiles.
FIG. 11 is a view showing the outward appearance of representative computing equipment which incorporates enhanced dithering according to the invention.
FIG. 12 is a detailed block diagram showing the internal construction of FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram which stresses functional connectivity of some of the elements of the FIG. 12 block diagram.
FIG. 14 is a functional view of a color management system including enhanced dithering according to the invention.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an apparatus for performing enhanced dithering according to the invention.
FIG. 16(a) shows a basic dither matrix tile and FIG. 16(b) shows how basic dither matrix tiles are grouped in order to form a supercell.
FIG. 17 illustrates one possible way to build a square distribution of individual cells into a supercell.
FIG. 18 illustrates one possible way to build a hexagonal distribution of individual cells into a supercell.
FIG. 19(a) and 19(b) are views for explaining reciprocal compatibility.
FIG. 20 is a flow diagram for explaining enhanced dithering according to the invention.
FIG. 11 is a view showing the outward appearance of representative computing equipment which incorporates enhanced error diffusion according to the invention. Shown in FIG. 11 is computing equipment 20 such as an IBM PC or PC-compatible computer having a windowing operating system such as a Microsoft Windows operating system. Computing equipment 20 is provided with a display monitor 23 having a display screen 22 on which computing equipment 20 displays images to the user. Computing equipment 20 is further provided with a floppy disk drive 24 with which removable floppy disk media may be read or written, fixed disk drive 25 for storing data files and application program files, a keyboard 26 for permitting input of text data and manipulation of objects displayed on display screen 22, and a pointing device 27 such as a mouse or the like which is also provided to permit manipulation of objects on display screen 22. A conventional printer 30, such as a monotone or color laser beam printer or bubble jet printer, is also provided. Also provided are connections to a network 31 or to an ordinary voice telephone line 32, both for sending and receiving color image data as well as other files such as files which include program instruction sequences by which computing equipment 20 is operated.
While a bubble jet printer is presently preferred, any printer and preferably a color printer which forms full color images by mixing colorants in amounts set by corresponding color component values, such as a color laser beam printer or color thermal wax printer or the like, is suitable in the practice of the invention.
In accordance with operator instructions, and under control of the windowing operating system, stored application programs such as graphics application programs, drawing application programs, desktop publishing application programs and the like, are selectively activated to process and to manipulate data. Also in accordance with operator instructions, and based on those stored application programs, commands are issued to display images on monitor 23 and to print images appearing on monitor 23, and those images are then printed on printer 30 as described more fully hereinbelow.
FIG. 12 is a detailed block diagram showing the internal construction of computing equipment 20. As shown in FIG. 12, computing equipment 20 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 40 such as programmable microprocessor interfaced to a computer bus 41. Also interfaced to computer bus 41 is display interface 44, network interface 45 for interfacing to network 31, fax/modem/telephone interface 46 for interfacing to telephone 32, printer interface 47, and floppy disk drive interface 49.
Main memory 51 such as random access memory (RAM) interfaces to computer bus 41 so as to provide CPU 40 with access to memory storage. In particular, when executing stored application program instruction sequences such as those associated with application programs stored on disk 25, CPU 40 loads those instruction sequences from disk 25 (or other storage media such as media accessed via network 31 or floppy disk drive 24) into main memory 51 and executes those stored program instruction sequences out of main memory 51.
ROM (read only memory) 52 is provided for storing invariant instruction sequences such as start-up instruction sequences or basic input/output operating system (BIOS) sequences for operation of keyboard 26.
As shown in FIG. 12, and as previously mentioned, fixed disk 25 stores program instruction sequences for the windowing operating system and for various application programs such as a graphics application program, a drawing application program, a desktop publishing application program, and the like. In addition, stored on fixed disk 25 are color image files such as are displayed on monitor 23 or printed on printer 30 under control of a designated application program. Fixed disk 25 also stores a monitor driver 33 which controls how RGB color primary values are provided to display interface 44, and color management system 34 which is a printer driver for controlling how CMYK color component values are provided to printer interface 47 for printout by printer 30. Enhanced dithering using gradient-based selection of dither matrices according to the invention, in this embodiment of the invention, resides in color management system 34. Other device drivers are also stored on fixed disk 25, for providing appropriate signals to the various devices (such as the network) connected in computing equipment 20.
Ordinarily, application programs and drivers stored on disk 25 need first to be installed by the user onto disk 25 from other computer readable media on which those programs and drivers are initially stored. For example, it is customary for a user to purchase a floppy disk or other computer readable media on which a copy of color management system 34 is stored. The user would then install color management system 34 onto disk 25 by inserting the purchased floppy disk into floppy disk drive 24 and by commanding CPU 40 to copy color management system 34 from the floppy disk onto disk 25. It is also possible for the user, via telephone 32 and modem interface 46, or via network 31 and network interface 45, to download color management system 34 from a computerized bulletin board to which the drivers had previously been uploaded.
FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram showing how computer 20 interacts with monitor 23 and printer 30. Shown in FIG. 13 are computer 20 with monitor driver 33, color management system 34, CPU 40, RAM 51 and ROM 52, all arranged functionally rather than the structural view of FIG. 12.
As mentioned above, using keyboard 26, an operator can cause CPU 40 to execute stored program instructions which cause color images to be displayed on monitor 23 and which cause corresponding color images to be printed on color printer 30. Specifically, and in cooperation with the stored program instructions in the application program stored on disk 25, CPU 40 derives a color image, comprised of gray scale image data for each of three color primaries, for display on monitor 23. CPU provides the gray scale image data to monitor driver 33 which in turn derives gray-level RGB values for each pixel in the monitor 23. The RGB values are provided via display interface 44 to monitor 23 where those values are displayed. Since monitor 23 is a continuous tone analog device, the color image displayed on monitor 23 from the derived RGB values is a continuous tone image based on the gray-levels of each of the R, G and B values.
Upon request, CPU 40 also feeds the color image to color management system 34 for printing by color printer 30. Color management system 34 derives binary CMYK values for each pixel of the color image based on the gray scale image data for each of the three color primaries provided from CPU 40. The color management system 34 allows selection, ordinarily by the user but in some cases automatically by CPU 40, of whether to halftone by error diffusion halftoning or by dither matrix halftoning, and also of which one of plural color rendering modes, here, a perceptual rendering mode, a colorimetric rendering mode, and a business graphics rendering mode, to use. Whichever one of the plural color rendering modes is selected, however, the ultimate purpose of color management system 34 is to halftone-process the gray scale image data for each of the color primaries provided from CPU 40 so as to obtain binary CMYK values, and to provide the binary CMYK values to printer 30 for printing.
More particularly, for each pixel of an image on monitor 23, color management system 34 converts the gray-level RGB value of the pixel into a binary halftone value for each of the CMYK color components printed by printer 30. For example, if each pixel of the image on monitor 23 is represented by a 24-bit RGB value (i.e., eight bits for R, eight bits for G, and eight bits for B), color management system 34 obtains a digital halftone value in which each of the CMYK color components is represented by a single bit indicating whether a dot of the respective color component is to be printed at a corresponding pixel position by printer 30.
Thereafter, color management system 34 feeds the CMYK values via printer interface 46 to printer 30 where they are stored in bitmap memory 37 within printer 30. Bitmap memory 37 may store a full bitmap image of the printed image, or it may store only a band or partial bitmap image. When sufficient color data, namely binary halftoned CMYK data, is stored in bitmap memory 37, a color print head 36 reciprocates across a platen adjacent a sheet of paper. In one possible arrangement, print head 36 includes 32 ink jet nozzles arranged in a four column by eight row pattern. The nozzles in the first column all eject droplets of cyan ink; the nozzles in the second column all eject droplets of magenta ink; the nozzles in the third column all eject droplets of yellow ink; and the nozzles in the fourth column all eject droplets of black ink. The nozzles are controlled independently in accordance with the color data in bitmap memory 37 such that in one reciprocation of print head 36 across the platen, eight rows of pixels are printed.
FIG. 14 is a view showing the functional arrangement of color management system 34. The color management system shown in FIG. 14 includes plural different color rendering modes, each tailored to modify color image data from CPU 40 so as to meet some color objective. As shown in FIG. 14, color management system 34 includes perceptual rendering process steps 61 which are best suited to natural color images, colorimetric rendering process steps 62 which are best suited to match to a given color, and business graphics rendering process steps 63 which are best suited to high-saturation graphic images. Color management system 34 further includes a rendering mode selector 60 which allows selection between one of the plural rendering modes of the color management system. Preferably, rendering mode selector 60 is a user manipulable graphical user interface which allows a user, after commanding an image to be printed, to select one of the plural rendering modes by which color management system 34 is able to render the image. Alternatively, it is also possible for rendering mode selector 60 to be actuatable automatically under control of CPU 40, in which case CPU 40 would make automatic selection of the proper rendering mode. Such automatic selection may, for example, be made based on the type of application software which is generating the image, based on data or image type, based on data structure, based on a histogram or other analysis of color distribution in the image, or the like. For example, all .BMP type data might have perceptual rendering automatically selected, while vector graphics might have business graphics rendering automatically selected, and so on.
Color management system 34 also includes a halftoning mode selector 64 which allows selection between halftoning by error diffusion process steps 65 or halftoning by dithering process steps 66. Dither process steps 66 are described in considerable detail below. Error diffusion process steps 65 may be any suitable error diffusion technique, such as any of the various modifications of basic Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion.
Based on the mode selected by halftoning mode selector 64, gray scale image data for each of the three color primaries, as fed from CPU 40 and as modified by the color rendering mode selected by 60, are fed for appropriate processing to the selected one of the halftoning modes, so as to generate printer binary CMYK colorant values.
FIG. 15 is a simplified block diagram of an apparatus for carrying out plural-matrix dithering according to the invention. The apparatus shown in FIG. 15 might be implemented as a physical apparatus, but more preferably the apparatus of FIG. 15 is implemented as software steps in connection with dither matrix halftoning steps 66.
As shown in FIG. 15, enhanced dithering according to the invention includes an input gray scale image storage section 110 for storing gray scale values for each of the three color components of a color image. A path generator 100 generates an x-y pixel address 105, which is used to generate the scanning path through image data in storage section 110, such as a serpentine scanning path, a scan-line scanning path, a blue-noise-modified scanning path, and the like. For each pixel address so generated, a target pixel from input-gray scale storage unit 110 is forwarded toward a gradient analyzer unit 120, which detects in the input image those regions belonging to each of at least two gradient classes, based on an analysis of gradient in tonality. For example, with two gradient classes, gradient analyzer 120 might simply distinguish between presence and absence of tonality gradient. For three gradient classes, gradient analyzer 120 might identify regions of no local gradient, small local gradient, and large local gradient. The gradient analyzer unit 120 may rely on some internal data structures stored in gradient analyzer temporary storage unit 130, for example, values of gray scale data for pixels adjacent the target pixel. This gradient-related information as well as the input image is transmitted to the rasterizer 150. The rasterizer applies one of conventional halftoning techniques, using the gradient-related information provided by the gradient analyzer unit 120. Preferably, a dithering technique, using thresholds stored in dither matrices is used in the rasterization unit 150. In this case a plurality of threshold dither matrices 140 is used by the rasterization unit 150, which selects, for each target pixel, which one of the dither matrices to use based on the gradient information. The binary image produced by the rasterizer unit 150 is led towards the output device interface 160.
For each target pixel, rasterizer unit 150 selects one of the dither matrices 140 based on the local gradient, provided from gradient analyzer 120, for the target pixel. Since in the preferred implementation the gradient analyzer 120 performs only a very rough evaluation of the local gradient, because of the processing time constraint, each of the dither matrices 140 is selected to be "reciprocally compatible". The reciprocal compatibility of the matrices means that (a) all supercell dither tiles originate from the same basic tile, (b) they have the same relative phases (the same reference points) and (c) the normalized relative inter-tile differences in the super-tile are smaller than the normalized inter-pixel differences in the basic tile.
It turns out that dither matrices 10 and 12 of FIGS. 3(a) and 4 are both mutually "reciprocally compatible" in that dither matrix 12 originates from the basic tile of 10, dither matrices 10 and 12 have the same relative phases, and the normalized relative inter-tile difference between the supercell tiles are smaller than the normalized inter-pixel differences in the basis tile. This is explained in more detail below.
As background, FIGS. 16(a) and 16(b) illustrate the main principal of supercell building. In FIG. 16(a), an arbitrary dither matrix 50 contains ns different threshold values ranging from s(0) through s(ns-1). FIG. 16(b) shows how nd basic dither cells 50 are grouped together in order to form a single supercell 51 which is used to pave the output plane. FIG. 17 illustrates one possible way to build a square distribution of individual cells in a supercell, with the distribution illustrated in FIG. 17 commonly being referred to as a Bayer's distribution. Those skilled will recognize that the method of inflating individual cells to create a supercell that is depicted in FIG. 17 is easily adaptable to inflating polygons or rectangular tiles, as explained at length in the above-referenced thesis of the Applicant.
FIG. 18 illustrates one possible way to build a hexagonal distribution of individual cells in a supercell, and is included here for the sake of completeness.
With this background in mind, it can be understood how dither matrix 10 is reciprocally compatible to dither matrix 12. Dither matrix 12 originates from the same basic tile as dither matrix 10; accordingly, dither matrices 10 and 12 satisfy the first criterion for being reciprocally compatible (i.e., all supercell dither tiles originate from the same basic tile). Referring to FIG. 19(a), point 52a is arbitrarily designated as the origin of dither tile 10. Accordingly, the phase of dither matrix 10 is defined by vectors 54a and 55a. It can be seen that these vectors (and consequently, the phase) are the same as corresponding vectors 54b and 55b for dither matrix 12 in FIG. 19(b). Accordingly, dither matrices 10 and 12 satisfy the second criterion for being reciprocally compatible, i.e., they have the same relative phases.
As for the third criterion for being reciprocally compatible, it can be seen that the normalized relative inter-tile differences in the supercell dither matrix 12 are all smaller than the normalized inter-pixel differences in the basic dither matrix. For example, consider basic dither tiles 56a, 56b, 56c and 56d which together make up supercell dither tile 12 in FIG. 19(b). Threshold values "16", "17", "18" and "19" are all in the same relative position of the basic tiles, and the normalized relative values of these thresholds are 16/40, 17/40, 18/40 and 19/40. The largest difference between these normalized relative values is therefore 3/40 (i.e., 19/40 minus 16/40). At the same time, within any one basic dither tile, such as dither tile 56d, the normalized inter-pixel differences are all 4/40 (i.e., the differences between 3/40, 7/40, 11/40, etc., which are the normalized threshold values in dither tile 56d). Thus, for supercell dither tile 12 in FIG. 19(b), the normalized relative inter-tile differences (3/40 or less) are all smaller than the normalized interpixel differences (4/40) of the basic dither tile. Accordingly, supercell dither matrix 12 satisfies the third criterion.
Since dither matrices 10 and 12 are reciprocally compatible, they are excellent choices for use in dither matrix storage 140 in a case where gradient analyzer unit 120 identifies two different gradient levels. Indeed, as mentioned above, the sample halftone image of FIG. 9 was created using these two reciprocally compatible dither matrices.
It should also be noted that hexagonal dither matrices 14, 15 and 16, illustrated in FIGS. 7(a), 8(a) and 8(b), respectively, are all mutually reciprocally compatible and are therefore good choices for dither matrix storage 140 in a case where gradient analyzer unit 120 identifies three different gradient classes. It is also possible to use only two of these three dither matrices in a case where gradient analyzer unit 120 identifies two different gradient classes. Indeed, as mentioned above, the representative halftone image of FIG. 10 was produced by using hexagonal dither tiles 14 and 50 in dither matrix store 140 in a case where gradient analyzer unit 120 identified two different gradient areas.
Gradient analyzer unit 120 detects gradients by performing the following actions: for every target pixel, the gray-scale intensity level of the pixel is compared with the gray-scale intensity levels of all of its neighbors. If all comparisons provide no-difference, the resulting flag for the target pixel will be "NO-- GRADIENT"; otherwise, if any of the neighboring pixels differs from the target pixel, the resulting flag will be "GRADIENT-- IS-- PRESENT".
The elementary technique described here has a "myopic" vision of a very local area around the processed pixel. Nevertheless, due to the reciprocal compatibility of the matrices used by this particular implementation, the difference in visual appearance between these two variants is not big, even if the technique detects gradient absence or presence erroneously. Accordingly, because the implementation of this gradient detection technique can be very fast and efficient, especially if the results of previous gradient detections are stored in the gradient analyzer temporary storage unit 130, this implementation is preferred.
FIG. 20 is a flow diagram showing process steps forming a part of the dither matrix halftoning process steps at 66 (FIG. 14). Generally speaking, the process steps of FIG. 20 calculate a tonality gradient for a target pixel of gray scale image data, obtain access to plural dither matrices, select one of the dither matrices based on the tonality gradient, and threshold the gray scale image data for the target pixel using the selected dither matrix so as to obtain halftone image data for the target pixel.
In more detail, in step S2001, gray scale image data for a target pixel (x,y) is obtained from image storage section 110. Step S2002 then calculates a local gradient in tonality for the target pixel, as described above. The tonality gradient is classified either as NO-- GRADIENT or GRADIENT-- IS-- PRESENT, and based on that classification, step S2003 selects either a basic dither matrix such as dither matrix 10 (step S2004) or a reciprocally-compatible supercell dither matrix such as matrix 14 (step S2005). Using the selected dither matrix, step S2006 halftones target pixel (x,y) by comparing the gray scale image data for the target pixel with the threshold in the selected dither matrix. The halftoning step of S2006 obtains a binary 1 or 0, corresponding to whether or not a pixel will be printed in the corresponding halftone image, based on the input gray scale value for the target pixel. Step S2007 determines whether any more pixels meed to be processed, whereafter the halftone image is printed (step S2008).
More sophisticated gradient detections may be implemented in gradient analyzer unit 120. The number of distinct classes may be two, three or more. For example, in the three-classes implementation (or Three-Matrices Dithering), the three distinct classes may be labeled as "NO-- GRADIENT", "SMALL-- GRADIENT" and "BIG-- GRADIENT". Rasterizer 150 switches between one of three different and reciprocally-compatible threshold matrices, according to the gradient class provided by the gradient analyzer 120.
The multiple dither matrix technique described and claimed herein exhibits the following advantages, when compared with the traditional (Mono-Matrix) halftoning methods: (1) it improves the smoothness of the gradations present in the image, diminishes the banding or contouring effect in natural images, with respect to the traditional clustered-dot dither of small size; (2) it improves visual appearance and stability of the business graphics images, with respect to the supercell dither techniques known in the art. The disclosed technique takes its maximal advantage when a complex images containing natural and computer-generated business graphic images are present on the same printed page.
It is emphasized that several changes may be applied on the above-described system without departing from the teaching of the invention. It is intended that all the matter contained in the present disclosure, or shown in the accompanying drawings, shall be interpreted as illustrative rather than limiting.
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|U.S. Classification
|382/237, 358/3.14, 358/3.15, 358/1.9
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 4, 1996
Owner name: CANON INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OSTROMOUKHOV, VICTOR;NEHAB, SMADAR;REEL/FRAME:008229/0587;SIGNING DATES FROM 19960816 TO 19960823
|Mar 6, 2000
Owner name: CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, JAPAN
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|May 30, 2001
|Fee payment
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|Jul 13, 2005
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 23, 2005
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 21, 2006
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20051223


text:
A Better Hair Transplant?
Hair transplants may go faster—and leave fewer scars—thanks to new robotic technology
Hair transplants may go faster—and leave fewer scars—thanks to new robotic technology. The system, Artas, from Restoration Robotics Inc. in San Jose, Calif., received Food and Drug Administration clearance in 2011 and harvests hair for transplants.
Journal Report
- Insights from The Experts
- Read more at WSJ.com/HealthReport
More in Unleashing Innovation: Health Care
The standard technique for this process involves cutting a strip of hair from the back of the head, then separating and cutting the hair follicles for implanting, one by one, into bald areas. This leaves a scar at the donor site and is time-consuming.
Artas is designed to select healthy hair at random spots to eliminate scarring. A camera scans the scalp, and computer algorithms assess whether a hair's shape and structure make it a viable candidate for transplant. After the doctor approves a selection, the robot makes a series of microscopic punches, using fine needles, to harvest the hair follicles, says Miguel Canales, medical director of Restoration Robotics.
Some have expressed concerns about the procedure's effectiveness. Selecting donor hairs in a random pattern, instead of taking them from spots considered likely not to go bald, may lower success rates, says Edwin Epstein, a hair-restoration surgeon at Bosley Medical Group in Virginia Beach, Va., and past-president of the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery.
Jim McCollum, president and chief executive of Restoration Robotics, says the survival rate of transplanted hairs using his company's technique is comparable to that of hairs removed in the traditional method.
Ms. Wang is a staff reporter in The Wall Street Journal's London bureau. She can be reached at email@example.com.


text:
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