text:
- Product Description
- Ingredients
- FAQ's
- Related Products
- Reviews (3)
Specially formulated products that safely cleanse and calm delicate skin after shaving or waxing and help relieve irritation and prevent razor bumps. Each Cooling Pad is a soft-beaded cotton pad that gently exfoliates dry or dead skin cells to help free ingrown hair.
- Non-greasy and non-staining
- No estrogen, no hormones, no parabens
- Fragrance free
Best used prior to the application of a moisturizing treatment such as PrivateRx Soothing Serum (sold separately).
PrivateRx products are specially formulated for safe and effective use on your most intimate areas. Created by Dr. Ronald D. Blatt, Medical Director and Chief Surgeon of the Manhattan Center for Vaginal Surgery and the Manhattan Centers for Women's Health.
Clinically proven, dermatologist tested and hypoallergenic.
Directions: Following hair removal, use a PrivateRx Cooling Pad to wipe the affected area. Use product routinely as part of your bikini wax or shaving aftercare.
Caution: For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes. Keep out of reach of children.
Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water, Water, SD Alcohol 40-B, Hexylene Glycol, Polysorbate 80, Laminaria Digitata Extract, Ergothioneine, Biosaccharide Gum-1, Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract, Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Sodium Citrate, Algae Extract, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Artemisia Vulgaris Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Salicylic Acid, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate, Citric Acid, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Potassium Sorbate.
Clinically Tested
Gynecologist Created
Dermatologist Tested
Safe and Effective Fragrance Free Estrogen Free Hormone Free Paraben Free Non-greasy/non-staining
Get cooling and soothing together in one package!
|Product F.A.Q.
Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water, Water, SD Alcohol 40-B, Hexylene Glycol, Polysorbate 80, Laminaria Digitata Extract, Ergothioneine, Biosaccharide Gum-1, Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract, Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Sodium Citrate, Algae Extract, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Artemisia Vulgaris Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Salicylic Acid, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate, Citric Acid, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Potassium Sorbate.
After seeing too many cases of skin damage resulting from shaving or waxing, Dr. Blatt was convinced that he could create a product that was superior to existing treatments.
After hair removal, use a pad to wipe the affected area. Use routinely in between shaving and waxing. For best results, use in conjunction with PrivateRx Soothing Serum (sold separately).
The soft-beaded cotton pad gently exfoliates dry or dead skin cells to help free ingrown hair.
PrivateRx Cooling Pads contain a soothing mix of Aloe, vitamin E, olive oil, and our exclusive Femsome Skin Care Complex. This unique blend of vitamins and botanicals is found in every PrivateRx product and is designed to help benefit your skin's natural collagen and elastin with ingredients designed to scavenge free radicals, help reduce inflammation, and boost cell energy and oxygenation for firm yet silky-feeling skin.
No, there should be no burning after the use of the cooling pad. You can use this product even after a full Brazilian waxing without fear of stinging or burning.
Yes, PrivateRx Cooling Pads are safe for use after laser hair removal treatments.
Yes, PrivateRx Cooling Pads are safe to use on small abrasions.
The PrivateRx Cooling Pads provide a cool, soothing sensation.
For best results, use the PrivateRx Soothing Serum after the Cooling Pads. The Cooling Pads cleanse and calm the skin while the Soothing Serum protects and moisturize.
Shaving or waxing the pubic area can cause problems like bumps, irritation and ingrown hair. To counteract this, you should treat the skin with products that will reduce the microbes and cleanse the area. The ingredients in our cooling pads by nature will tend to dry the skin. Therefore the area needs to be moisturized. No one product alone can both properly cleanse and effectively moisturize. That is why Dr. Blatt created both the PrivateRx Cooling Pads and Soothing Serum. When used in conjunction they have a synergistic effect, resulting in smooth, supple skin with minimal redness, irritation and ingrown hair.
If for any reason you have an adverse reaction to the product, consult a doctor and discontinue use.
|Enable Recurring Profile
|Recurring Payment Profile
Check items to add to the cart or select all
Cooling & Soothing Package
Regular Price: $29.99
Special Price: $19.99
42 reviews
- Difference in my skin Review by Wanda
RatingAMAZING. My skin never felt better. After suffering from ingrown hair I started using these pads and within a day I started to notice big difference in my skin. I am so happy (Posted on 2/29/16)
- Needs more Review by Joey
RatingNot a bad product. I really wished it came with more pads. I have been going through them like crazy. (Posted on 2/22/16)
- Bigger size ? Review by Benji
RatingMy skin feels so smooth. I go through these pads and constantly need to get more. You guys ever think about making a bigger size? My wife and I are constantly using them after we shave or get waxed. (Posted on 2/15/16)
*Certain restrictions apply: Free shipping is only valid to the lower 48 states (excludes U.S. Territories, AK, HI and international shipping), and excludes expedited ship methods. Expedited orders will be charged the normal expedited price during free shipping promotions. Potential delivery delays still apply with free shipping orders. Femnene reserves the right to end a free shipping promotion at anytime.
Either United Parcel Service or United States Postal Service as determined by your local UPS hub will deliver PrivateRx Priority Shipping option. Delivery addresses must be able to receive packages from either carrier. Ship Saver is only available to addresses within the Continental U.S Potential delivery delays still apply with this method. Items or promotions tagged as "Free Shipping" will utilize this method.
Our products are guaranteed with your complete satisfaction in mind. If for any reason you are dissatisfied, simply return the bar code on the bottom of the product for a full refund less the cost of shipping and handling.
Sign Up and get 20% off
Sign Up For Special Offers
Use the button below to like our Facebook page and stay up to date with offers.
Then click the button below to sign up for a chance to win the full line of PrivateRx products plus His & Hers plush robes & chocolates.Enter For a Chance to Win
Monday-Friday 9am-5pm ET
Copyright © Femnene, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
3 Hillside Dr., Drums, PA 18222


text:
Dan Wegendt | posted Nov 19th 2013
Phantoms head coach Anthony Noreen and Phantoms forward Kyle Connor talk with Tom Williams about winning the World Junior A Challenge Tournament.
Trouble seeing our video? Vindy.com supports browsers with Adobe Flash 9.0+ or HTML5 video support.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.
Forgotten your password?
Your e-mail:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Midweek Mini Movies 202
Here's another generous helping of two wheeled eye candy in a video format that'll help keep your stoke levels high til the weekend
Fresh Goods Friday 187
It's been a busy but short week here at ST Towers especially for the delivery drivers
Shimano to sponsor 2014 Downhill Series
New venues, world class start list, it's going to be special
iceBike2013 – Featuring 2014 and beyond!
Madison's annual house show had much to see from a kerbillion suppliers
SHIMANO to sponsor the 2014 Trans-Savoie
News just in from Trans-Savoie, as official sponsor is announced.
Tour Divide 2013 – Are we nearly there yet?
Round-the-world record breaker Mike Hall smashes the Tour Divide race


text:
The check-in was painfully slow, and the room was nothing to get excited about (a step above a Motel 6). The breakfast was pretty good considering it was included in the price. I was expecting a little nicer coming from a Marriott hotel chain.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Albuquerque Airport offers superior accommodations and abundant amenities. We are located only a few minutes from the Albuquerque Sunport with complimentary transportation from 430AM to Midnight daily. Ask about one of our "Park-n-Fly" packages to make your trip even more convenient! We are located close to University of New Mexico, the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta Park, Albuquerque Isotopes baseball, Kirtland AFB and Isleta Pavilion. There is also plenty of shopping nearby such as; Nob Hill shopping district, Coronado Mall, Uptown Shopping Center and Old Town Albuquerque. After enjoying our complimentary hot breakfast each morning take a ride on the NM Railrunner to Santa Fe, NM. We also have complimentary high speed internet, a business center, fitness center and seasonal outdoor pool and whirlpool. You can also now enjoy the new IMAX theatre located only 10 minutes from our hotel. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Hotwire, Travelocity, Priceline, Odigeo, Orbitz, Hotels.com and Expedia so you can book your Fairfield Inn & Suites Albuquerque Airport reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Fairfield Inn Albuquerque Airport Hotel Albuquerque
- Sleep Inn Albuquerque
- Fairfield Albuquerque
- Albuquerque Fairfield Inn


text: I know I should just stop looking at my BBC app but I can't, I'm so envious of everyone meeting their babies ... I'm literally in tears because I'm jealous of someone else going into labor. Im not even full term yet!!! I need to let baby's lungs mature more ... But I'm so excited to be a mom and meet my baby. I've wanted this little one for so long and it's all I can think about. I'm so sad ... I have had false labor contractions for weeks and I'm so uncomfortable and HUGE but i know it will all be worth it. These last weeks are so hard :(


text:
Laura Scudder
|Laura Scudder
|Laura Emma Clough
July 19, 1881
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
|March 13, 1959
(aged 77)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
|Lawyer, entrepreneur
|Known for
|Laura Scudder potato chips
|Charles Scudder (m. 1908; d. 1928)
Laura Clough Scudder (July 19, 1881 – March 13, 1959) was an entrepreneur in Monterey Park, California,[1] who made and sold potato chips and who pioneered the packaging of potato chips in sealed bags to extend freshness.
Born in Philadelphia, Laura Scudder worked as a nurse before moving to California. While there she became the first female attorney in Ukiah, California before moving south to Monterey Park, California, where she started her food company in 1926.[2]
At first, potato chips were packaged in barrels or tins, which left chips at the bottom stale and crumbled. Laura Scudder started having her workers take home sheets of wax paper to iron into the form of bags, which were filled with chips at her factory the next day. This innovation kept the chips fresh and crisp longer and, along with the invention of cellophane, allowed potato chips to become a mass market product.[3]
Scudder also began putting dates on the bags, becoming the first company to freshness date their food products. This new standard of freshness was reflected in the marketing slogan: "Laura Scudder's Potato Chips, the Noisiest Chips in the World."
Laura Scudder faced many obstacles running her own company during the Great Depression. For instance, when she tried to get insurance for the company's delivery truck, she was denied by all the local male insurance agents, who claimed that a woman would be unreliable at paying the premiums. The female insurance agent who eventually insured the truck went on to insure the entire company fleet.
At one point, Laura Scudder turned down a $9 million offer for the company because the buyer wouldn't guarantee her employees' jobs. In 1957 she finally accepted a $6 million offer from a buyer who guaranteed job security for her workforce. The new company was called Laura Scudder Inc. At the time of the sale the company had expanded into peanut butter and mayonnaise, and Laura Scudder brand potato chips held a greater than 50% share of the California market.
In 1987, Laura Scudder Inc. was sold to Borden, Inc. for $100 million.[4] Annual sales for the chipmaker were $126 million in 1986.[5] However, union difficulties motivated Borden to close all California plants of Laura Scudder only a year later.[4] Borden's overall culture of mismanagement, incurrence of excessive debt to finance numerous acquisitions, and several restructurings led in 1993, led Borden to sell what remained of Laura Scudder for less than $16.7 million.[6] However, the buyer, G.F. Industries, Inc.'s Granny Goose subsidiary was already in trouble, and was put up for sale in January 1995. In 2009, Snack Alliance, Inc. licensed from The Laura Scudder's Company, LLC the rights to produce and market potato chips under the Laura Scudder's brand. According to the J.M. Smucker Company website,[7] the Laura Scudder's Natural Peanut Butter business was acquired by Smucker's from BAMA Foods Inc. in December 1994. As of 2009, Smucker's marketed the Laura Scudder's brand of natural peanut butter on the west coast. According to a March 31, 2010 announcement,[8] Snack Alliance, Inc. was acquired by Shearers Foods Inc., a manufacturer of competing salty snacks in different regions of North America. At the same time (2010) it appears the original Laura Scudder's brand is being actively marketed by a California-based company.[9] These two companies have different packaging for their different Laura Scudder's products, and the California company appears to be marketing its products nationwide.
- ^ Hudson, Berkley (9 April 1989). "Laura Scudder Was More Than a Name : Monterey Park Will Honor 'Pioneer, Instigator, Doer' Who Helped Create Snack-Food Industry". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ La Ganga, Maria L. (23 September 1987). "Laura Scudder Owed a Lot to Peanut Butter". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Laura Scudder's History at the Wayback Machine (archived September 17, 2008)
- ^ a b "Borden Acquisition Corp, et al. - SC 14D1 - Borden Chemical Inc - On 11/22/94 - EX-11.(G)(15)". SEC Info. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ "Borden Acquires Laura Scudder's". The New York Times. 1987-09-23.
- ^ "Borden Chemical Inc - 10-Q - For 6/30/94". SEC Info. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ About Laura Scudder's at the Wayback Machine (archived August 22, 2007)
- ^ "Shearer's Foods, Inc. Acquires Snack Alliance, Inc.". Shearers Foods Inc. 2010-03-31. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ "Laura Scudders since 1926 - Potato Chips | Dip Mixes | Dips | Snacks". Laurascudders.com. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- Vare, Ethlie Ann; Ptacek, Greg (2002). Patently Female: From AZT to TV Dinners, Stories of Women Inventors and Their Breakthrough Ideas. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-02334-5.
External links[edit]
- Works by or about Laura Scudder at Internet Archive
- 1950s commercial for Laura Scudder potato chips on YouTube
- Laura Scudder at Find a Grave


text:
Spring is three weeks away, but Old Man Winter wants to hang around as long as he can. PennDOT says its crews are ready for the bad weather headed our way.
"It's unclear what type of event and how big it's going to be" explained PennDOT Spokesperson Ron Young.
We've already had at least 18 snow storms this winter, and nearly 37 inches in February alone. But PennDOT is prepared for another round. Crews already know they will most likely be working Sunday through Wednesday.
"Our operators will be on 12 hour shifts," said Young. "Twelve hours on and 12 hours off."
Most workers will tell you they prefer just snow to fall, they can attack it better and get the roads cleared off sooner.
"If it's a mix of ice or a mix of freezing rain involved with it then you have to use a lot more salt," Young added.
Contracted drivers are currently hauling 20,000 tons of extra road salt into the state, 8,000 of it will be split between Lehigh, Northampton and Monroe counties. So they're not worried they won't have enough, but an ice event will burn through a lot of the stockpile.
"You could go treat an area, plow it, salt it, and freezing rain comes down and could freeze that area back up pretty quickly," described Young.
One thing you may not see this time around is pre-treating. Officials say many roads across the region are good to go, the ones that aren't won't be hit with liquid brine until about 24-hours ahead of the storm.
"There's a lot of residual salt residue on the roadways already from previous storms," said Young.
Preparations for Sunday's snow
Spring is three weeks away, but Old Man Winter wants to hang around as long as he can. PennDOT says its crews are ready for the bad weather headed our way.
Copyright 2014 WFMZ. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
State police investigating drowning death near 'Peace Rock'
Allentown restaurant robbed at gunpoint
Man takes TV from store shelf, tries to return it for gift card
Wasserman Schultz resigning as party leader
Man fatally shot in Reading early Saturday morning
Man robs Redner's, steals vehicle at Wawa, police say
Famous 'Shawshank' oak falls
Crews restore water to residents affected by water main break
Chris Froome wins third Tour de France
Increasing clouds and humidity tonight with a stray shower or t-storm late


text:
With Pickens Facing Losses, Will Wind Campaign Deflate?
This wasn't part of the Pickens Plan.
T. Boone Pickens, the Texas billionaire who is bankrolling a massive media campaign for alternative energy, has taken a huge hit to his investments, according to the Wall Street Journal. "It's my toughest run in 10 years," said Pickens, whose funds have lost $1 billion this year, including $270 million in personal losses.
If that means he'll tone down his wind energy ad campaign, it could be oddly welcome news to Republicans. Though Pickens is a longtime Republican donor who helped fund the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth ads against John Kerry in 2004, this year he's only been getting in the way. His latest ad essentially counters the "Drill Here, Drill Now" message trumpeted by McCain and Newt Gingrich and used by conservative groups like the American Future Fund to criticize Democrats.
The ad (below) says, "The big debate in Washington now is whether or not to drill. I say, 'Drill, drill, drill.' But the debate misses the point. Either way, we'll still be dependent on foreign oil."
Pickens spent roughly $6 million on three weeks of air time for the ad, according to the Campaign Media Analysis Group. But the "Pickens Plan" ads dropped off the air on Sept. 15. Could it be that pesky $1 billion loss? Stay tuned.
You must be signed in to leave a comment. Sign In / Register
Please keep your community civil. All comments must follow the NPR.org Community rules and terms of use, and will be moderated prior to posting. NPR reserves the right to use the comments we receive, in whole or in part, and to use the commenter's name and location, in any medium. See also the Terms of Use, Privacy Policy and Community FAQ.
Where's the evidence, as opposed to just pure speculation, that the Pickens energy proposal will be impaired by Pickens financial setbacks? With almost 400,000 supporters and the backing of political leaders like Bill Richardson,a former energy secretary, the Pickens Plan looks pretty viable and alive and well to me.


text:
The core reason why Washington is so good for business is because the combined state and local tax burden falls too heavily on people. Instead of progressive taxes on businesses (the more employees, the bigger the tax; the greater the dividends paid, the bigger the tax; the more profit, the bigger the tax; etc.), regressive sales taxes that hit the poorest people the hardest make up too much of the overall revenue streams to governments.
Business owners like Washington: no income tax, and WAY too much sales tax. They pay very little, working poor families, the unemployed, the elderly on fixed incomes - they get hit hard by what taxes our fearless leaders decided to impose.
The ST2/RTID behemouth is a great example of why businesses like Washington. Those neverending taxes would make the regressive tax structure here far worse. And who benefits from what those taxes would pay for? You guessed it: business owners. The wealth of business owners and property developers in downtown Bellevue, downtown Seattle, and downtown Renton would skyrocket. Poor folks would be hit way too hard. Screw that.
I moved here some years ago, and one of the draws for relocating was 'No income tax'. 'obdurate' is full of shit. Other states have income taxes AND high sales taxes and special taxes too. I hate how business fatcats line their pockets, but facts is facts, and it's nice to be in a part of the country that is not stagnant and dying, like so much of flyover country is currently doing.
The Gov. deserves credit for the work she has done. She has kept an eye on exports. The B & O tax is a bear, but probably the only limitation in the state. The State is awash in cash, knowledge, industrial capacity, booming sectors (software, aerospace, life sciences and food), trade partners who love us and people who want to live here.
Dino Rossi needs to review "the facts on the ground"
Thank you for posting, Josh. This is such a burn and particularly well-timed.
@2, you are correct, not to mention that some places, like New York City, have a CITY income tax in addition to their STATE income tax...not to even go into how much higher their property taxes are.
"The core reason why Washington is so good for business is because the combined state and local tax burden falls too heavily on people."
That is complete and utter b.s. The business community has long complained about Washington's state and local tax system precisely because businesses pay an unusually high percentage of total taxes in Washington. The Gates Tax Structure Study (a pretty moderate and objective group) specifically noted: "Our proportion of state taxes colelct from businesses compared to households is dramatically different from norms: 46 percent from business in Washington compared to a western state average of 30 percent." Tax Alternatives for Washington State:
A Report to the Legislature at p. 29. This makes since when you consider that businesses pay all of the B&O tax and a substantial percentage of sales and use taxes (we are talking about sales/use tax paid by business as a consumer, not taxes collected by retail businesses). In fact, one of my biggest concerns about an income tax is that it is likely to shift liability away from business and onto individuals. As a generality, the biggest winners under a traditional state income tax system would probably be the poor and businesses. (The benefit to business would be offset some by the tax hit their employees will take).
There are a number of big problems with the fairness of Washington's tax system, but the share of taxes paid by business isn't one of them.
The ignorance on display here is breathtaking.
The overall state/local tax burden around here is about the most regressive in the country. The poor ARE paying way more than their fair share, and post # 1 is correct that the RTID/ST2 measure would make things much worse.
Here are some real data showing just how regressive the combined state and local taxes around here are, from WSDOR:
On page 14 it shows us near the top with an 8.9% sales tax rate. That figure now is 9%, because of the new local "Transit Now" tax. Now look what would happen if the new RTID and ST sales taxes are approved we'd have the sixth highest sales tax rate (9.6%) in the country.
Those very high sales taxes make our tax structure really bad for those who can least afford it. Those who have little in the way of resources are hit the hardest. Now, check out the charts on pages 38 and 39:
When you combine state and local tax rates, we are JUST ABOUT THE WORST in terms of regressive taxes. And the Roads + Transit measure would make that bad situation much worse. We'd be third or fourth worst in the country in terms of regressive taxation structures. Plus, the MVET rate would go up and only about 10% of MVET revenues come from businesses (people own vehicles, not businesses for the most part).
The best way to improve the tax structure would be to rely more heavily on user fees, especially for transportation (gas tax, tolls, farebox increases, per-mile driving charges, etc.).
It is true that the B&O tax is unduly burdensome on unprofitable businesses. But the burden on large businesses, and profitable businesses and their owners, is much lower than in most states. A tax such as several dollars per month on employers with greater than 6 employees would be progressive and raise revenue from entitities that can afford it, instead of just pumping up sales taxes. Thats one example, there are others.
I didn't say Washington taxes weren't regressive--they are. I was merely correcting the clearly erroneous statement @1 that "The core reason why Washington is so good for business is because the combined state and local tax burden falls too heavily on people." That is false. Washington busiensses pay a very high percentage of total taxes compared with other states; individuals pay a relatively low percentage of total taxes compared with other states.
One of the problems with the system is how the tax burden is distributed among individuals--the regressivity. I agree that the poor pay more than their fair share. However, unless you plan to cut services, this means the tax burden needs to be shifted to the middle and high income earners.
While I understand and agree with your regressivity concerns, your remedy (user fees and an employee head tax) is surprising. Many of the user fees that you mention will fall disprorionately on the poor who may need access to a car because as they are pushed by housing costs further from employment centers and further away from good transit. Sin taxes and user fees are an easy way to raise money and influence behavior, but they make our system more regressive. I don't understand why you'd want to tax a business based on the number of employees. You acknowledge that the current B&O tax based on gross revenue is an unfair tax because it is imposed without regard to profit. Of course, number of employees is a worse proxy for profit than gross revenue.
whatever. NO higher sales taxes, even if it would mean more trains in thirty years.
Comments Closed
In order to combat spam, we are no longer accepting comments on this post (or any post more than 45 days old).


text:
- Police/Fire/Courts
- Business
- Local
- State/Northeast
- Nation/World
- 2016 Elections
- Special Reports
- Maps & Data
- Military
- Horoscopes
- Dear Abby
- Games & Puzzles
- Lifestyle
- Events & Exhibits
- Food & Drink
- Arts & Music
- Movies & TV
New London - AT&T, responding to a complaint by Mayor Daryl Justin Finizio that the company had neglected to file a notifice of intent to close a downtown call center, has delayed by nearly two months a planned relocation of 84 employees to New Haven.
"The city believes the lack of notice may be in violation of federal law," Finizio said in a letter dated July 2 to Randall Stephenson, chief executive of Dallas-based AT&T.
On July 3, AT&T filed a notification indicating that the call center will not be closed until Sept. 1 at the earliest, and William Henderson, president of the local Communications Workers of America union, said Monday that the company told him the closure would occur Sept. 9. The office at 200 State St. originally was slated for closure July 15.
Finizio's letter related to the closure of facilities covered by the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act. AT&T said it didn't believe a movement of workers to another office at 350 George St. in New Haven fell under the WARN requirement, but decided to file a notice to ensure that it was in compliance with the law.
"All 84 employees currently employed at the New London facility will be offered a position at the New Haven facility, and we believe that this location is within a reasonable commuting distance," AT&T said in its letter to the state Department of Labor.
Henderson said the Labor Department considers a move of 35 miles or less to be a reasonable distance, but the New Haven consolidation will require a commute of about 50 miles.
"AT&T doesn't lay off people, it just makes it hard for them to stay," Henderson said. "The more people who leave, the more jobs they can offshore to a foreign country."
Henderson said he is trying to arrange a meeting between AT&T and state, federal and local officials to discuss the economic impact of the company's proposed move out of New London, where it has maintained an office for more than 70 years. He is hoping that an alternative could be found, such as utilizing space in an AT&T building on Washington Street that has plenty of empty space.
"I think this is a mistake that AT&T is making," Finizio said in a phone interview. "There is no real impending need to do this."
Finizio, in an earlier letter to the company, said it was unconscionable that a company making $13 billion a year in profits would put extra burdens on its workers.
"This move will unduly harm middle class workers who will now have to cover the increased cost of gas in tough economic times," he said in the letter.
U.S. Sen. Richard Blumenthal and U.S. Rep. Joe Courtney also have criticized AT&T's planned move.
Last month, about 30 local members of the Communications Workers of America union, joined by Finizio and state Rep. Ernest Hewett, protested outside the AT&T building, saying they were fighting for their jobs.
At the time, AT&T denied allegations that the local closure was tied to an elaborate plan to send more jobs overseas.
Brothers arrested on drug charges after police pursuit, search
Radioactive device reported stolen in Bridgeport found in pawn shop
Halfway through 2016, homicides are up in more than two dozen big U.S. cities
Police: New London man forcibly kept woman in car during chase
Savoring the Seasons: Add a summer crunch to your bruschetta
Charges dropped vs. Yale worker who broke window depicting slaves
Casey and The Sports Doctor with Jim Buonocore on schools of choice
Waterford fabricator, national barbecue champion team up to design and manufacture pits
Trump accepts GOP nomination, promises security, prosperity, a return to 'law and order'


text:
- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
- Get the latest on Dr. Dre's arrest - TMZ
- Despite rumors, Eddie Murphy's daughter is not pregnant - Gossip Cop
- The Vampire Diaries star Michael Trevino steps out for a good cause - Just Jared Jr
- Are Blac Chyna and Kylie Jenner on good terms? - Radar
- Blue Ivy is just as stylish as her mom Beyonce! - Lainey Gossip
- This Narcos star confirms he's not coming back for another season of the show - The Hollywood Reporter
23 May 2014 at 7:49 PM
Nikki Reed Looks Confident in Fanny Pack After Filing For Divorce!
About this photo set: Nikki Reed dons a cute pair of daisy dukes while stepping out of a hair salon on Thursday (May 22) in Studio City, Calif. On the same day, the 26-year-old actress… Read More Here
Photo #: 3120559
Posted to Nikki Reed
powered by ZergNet


text:
Fatale Attraction
Britney Spears shows skin at her concert. (Idolator)
Selena Gomez gets help from Katy Perry. (HuffPo)
Rihanna and other covered topless celebs. (FoxNews)
Heidi Klum flashes her sweet, sweet legs. (Celebuzz)
Leighton Meester in a hot little dress. (GossipCenter)
40 girls, zero bras. (TheChive)
Gisele Bundchen works on her toned body. (Celebslam)
Solo Act
Fergie shows lots of skin in new photoshoot. (Idolator)
Taylor Momsen follows topless show with bottomless night out. (Celebuzz)
Jennifer Aniston starting a catfight? (FoxNews)
Candice Swanepoel covered nude video. (Popoholic)
Hot models showing upskirts on the runway. (Buzznet)
Leighton Meeseter in a see-through white dress. (GossipCenter)
Cintia Dicker and hot girls from around the world. (TheChive)


text:
- Movers and shakers Inc
July 13, 2013
Insiders say the Gymkhana is a way of life — quite literally.
- Dancing but no dhotis
July 13, 2013
The only time in recent past that a rule was bent was in 1989, ironically for a politician. It was the only time the club turned a blind eye to the…
- The knowledge hub
July 13, 2013
Director Kavita A Sharma says, 'IIC isn't really a club but a cultural centre meant to help this country understand others better, and vice…
- In This Section
- Entire Website
From the Times Of India
Jobs in Detroit's car factories are moving to India.
Chidanand Rajghatta
Can 'bindaas' or 'jhakaas' survive transliteration?
Shobhaa De
India's first superstar died almost a lonely life.
Robin Roy
- Home
- > Cover Story
Maa to Mom
Child protection laws and parenting practices in the West frequently expose Indians to unfamiliar emotional challenges.
Getting It Right:
Parenting can't be judged on any one parameter.
North Point:
Are Nordic states failing to embrace demographic diversity?
Dateline: Kunaura
Rural UP now has a smart weekly newspaper of its own, 'Gaon Connection', which talks about food, social trends and rural cool P4.
Director's Cut
Reema Kagti's 'Talaash' has evoked mixed reactions. But, she says, no one questioned the film's finesse or performances P18.
Bellow Notes
The accordion isn't just for buskers. Bollywood has rediscovered this old-fashioned instrument and given it a fresh new sound P19.
Kashmiri Explosion
Yearning for some authentic gushtaba? A clutch of new restaurants in Delhi bring wazwan closer home P21.
Register for Full Access to the Crest Edition
Don't have a Facebook Account? Sign up for Times Crest here.
Subscribe to The Times of India Crest Edition and stay connected with our unequalled network of correspondents, analysts, writers and editors to figure the changes bubbling below the surface of society.


text:
You are a fan of beach equipment ? Come to discover the best forums beach equipment on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of beach equipment . You can also build a forum beach equipment and create your online discussion.
Free forum : Dedicated to the preservation, restoration and rebuilding of all Dynaco tube audio equipment.
latino, dynaco, st-70, amplifier, tube, audio, preamp, tubes4hifi
Virginia's forum for reptile and amphibian enthusiasts. Join today to help a fellow hobbyist or look for help. Classifieds available.
ball, python, reptile, virginia, classified, morph, forum, norfolk, hampton, newport, news, chesapeake, #beach, yorktown, portsmouth, suffolk, flexwatt, williamsburg
Finest Vintage & Antique Radio Forum, for collectors, Hobbyist's, information, tutorials, links, Help, schematics, test equipment, tools, books. Trading and selling, Training, radio parts.
radio, repairing, forum, antique, radios, troubleshooting, restoration, repairs, collectors, hobbyists, transistor, tubes, condensers, coils, capacitors, transformers, vint
Free forum : Hang out with your friends at the zone.
Koi Online's Forum - All about Koi SA. KoiForum. . KoiForum
fish, dealers, online, forum, koiforum, farm, wholeale, filter, pumps, medication, health, south, africa, cape, pond, build, sale, spawn, #equipment, breedng, breeder, nishiki, farming, kohaku, sanke, showa
Free forum : Life in Miramar Beach and the surrounding area
miramar, #beach, whales, tail, destin, forum, :florida, seascape, florida


text:
The average salary of a(n) Orthodontist in Flower Mound, Texas is $288,011.
The average hourly rate of a(n) Orthodontist in Flower Mound, Texas is $138.47.
The average bonus of a(n) Orthodontist in Flower Mound, Texas is $17,108.00.
Smiles Forever LLC
Smiles Forever is currently seeking an orthodontist to come to our office in Roswell, NM on monthly basis for 2 consecutive days.*....View job on Indeed.com
DentalOne Partners
Orthodontists will provide dental care and ensure superior patient satisfaction while maintaining successful working relationships with team members and...View job on Indeed.com
MB2 Dental
Our offices in Fort Worth, TX are seeking a motivated part-time Orthodontist for a group of fast paced, patient focused practices!...View job on Indeed.com
Smile Brands Inc.
The Orthodontic Assistant is responsible for a diverse range of tasks, including assisting the Orthodontist during treatment procedures, administering...View job on Indeed.com
MB2 Dental Solutions
Communicates with the patients (parents/guardians), orthodontist and other team members effectively. Assists the orthodontist with all registered dental...View job on Indeed.com


text:
UK Pediatric Urology physicians address urological conditions and diseases that are present at birth or develop as a child grows. Pediatric urology provides care for both boys and girls ranging from birth to early adult age. The most common problems are those involving disorders of urination and testes. Treatment includes the male reproductive tract and the male and female urinary tract.
• Urinary tract infections. (UTI)
• Vesicoureteral reflux. (VUR)
• Urinary obstruction.
• Bladder control problems such as bedwetting and daytime urinary incontinence.
• Undescended testes (cryptorchidism) and inguinal hernia.
• Neurogenic bladder (e.g., associated with spina bifida).
• Antenatal consults for kidney and bladder abnormalities diagnosed before birth.
• Abnormal urethral opening
• hypospadias
• epispadias
• phimosis
• buried penis
• Genitourinary malformations and birth defects
• prune belly syndrome
• bladder exstrophy
• ambiguous genitalia
• Hypospadias.
• Undescended testicles.
• Urinary reflux.
• Renal anomalies.
• Ambiguous genitalia.
• Genitourinary reconstruction.
• Tumors in the bladder and kidney.
• Renal trauma.
• Spinal defects.
Kentucky ClinicSecond Floor, Wing C, Room B219740 S. LimestoneLexington KY 40536-0284
Call 859-323-6211Call 859-257-3533Fax 859-257-6024
This clinic location will be closed July 21-22 to complete a move to room B200 and will be open in the new location on July 25, 2016.
AmenitiesDining, Internet/Wi-Fi, Information desk, Pharmacy services, Wheelchairs
Kentucky Clinic Map (PDF, 616 KB) » Directions to Kentucky Clinic Parking »
Rockcastle Regional Hospital and Respiratory Care Center145 Newcomb Ave.Mt. Vernon KY 40456
Call 606-256-2195
Directions to Rockcastle Regional Hospital »
Elizabethtown - CCSHCNHardin County Health Center580B Westport RoadElizabethtown KY 42701
Call 270-765-6196
Directions to Elizabethtown Commission on Children with Special Health Care Needs »
Morehead - CCSHCN214 W. First St.Morehead KY 40351-1504
Call 606-784-3049
Directions to Morehead Commission on Children with Special Health Care Needs »
UK HealthCare accepts many forms of insurance.
See list of insurers »


text:
Presently have a aureal pci vortex 1,got a sb 16 pci kicking around,kinda bored thought I might switch em.Will I notice any difference?I know in Ghost recon I had to edit a wml(?)file to make my...
Type: Posts; User: jforth
Search: Search took 0.01 seconds.
Results 1 to 10 of 10


text:
Get the Sport24 daily newsletter delivered to your Inbox!
Get Sport24 on your mobile
Bells Beach - Australia's Mick Fanning won the Rip Curl Pro on Friday, beating 11-time world surfing champion Kelly Slater in the final.
Fanning overcame a perfect 10 ride by the 40-year-old American superstar to claim his first Bells Beach victory since he won as a teenage wildcard in 2001.
Fanning's scores of 9.7 and 9.1 denied Slater, who scored a 10 and an 8.07, a record fifth title at the iconic Victorian beach.
Earlier Fanning had disposed of Australian duo Kai Otton in the quarter-finals and defending champion Joel Parkinson in the semi-finals.
Follow Sport24 on Twitter and Facebook and on Mobile and Have your Say on our Forum
Read News24's Comments Policy
24.com publishes all comments posted on articles provided that they adhere to our Comments Policy. Should you wish to report a comment for editorial review, please do so by clicking the 'Report Comment' button to the right of each comment.
The 103rd Tour de France is all systems GO! Follow the pain, struggles and ultimate joy as the world's best riders put their talents to the test over 21 stages.
Without question The Greatest of all time!
Maybe the best boxer of all time, but not the greatest sportsman or woman
Not even the best boxer of all time. He lost 5 fights!
View Results |
Vote Archive
Without question The Greatest of all time!
Maybe the best boxer of all time, but not the greatest sportsman or woman
Not even the best boxer of all time. He lost 5 fights!
Vote Archive
Follow Sport24 on Twitter
"Like" Sport24's Facebook page
Enter and win with Sport24!
Stay in the loop on your BlackBerry
RSS Feeds
Sport news delivered really simply.
24.com: Legal notices
Advertise on 24.com
About us
Contact us
24.com. All rights reserved.


text:
I have developed one website in asp.net 3.5. It is perfectly running in all browsers but its flickering in chrome. I am not able to find the reason. What I am doing is, I have 5 type of banners(Header,Footer,Silver,Gold and Diamond) and each one is refreshing on different time. I am using update panels. The URL of the website is http://www.allindiaeducationalhub.com.
I will be thankfull if anyone help me


text:
Find a copy in the library
Finding libraries that hold this item...
|Thrillers (Motion pictures)
Crime films
Feature films
Fiction films
Video recordings for the hearing impaired
Adventure films
|Material Type:
|Document Type:
|Visual material
|All Authors / Contributors:
Joel Schumacher; Irwin Winkler; David Winkler; René Besson; David Buckley; Andrzej Bartkowiak; Nicolas Cage; Nicole Kidman; Ben Mendelsohn; Cam Gigandet; Liana Liberato; Jordana Spiro; Dash Mihok; Millennium Films.; Nu Image (Firm); Winkler Films (Firm); Saturn Films.; Millennium Entertainment, LLC.
|9781616661069 1616661062
|OCLC Number:
|Language Note:
|English dialogue with optional subtitles in Spanish ; English subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH).
|Originally released as a motion picture in 2011.
Special features: behind-the-scenes featurette ; previews.
|Music, David Buckley ; editor, Bill Pankow ; production designer, Nathan Amondson ; director of photography, Andrzej Bartkowiak.
|Nicolas Cage, Nicole Kidman, Ben Mendelsohn, Cam Gigandet, Liana Liberato, Jordana Spiro, Dash Mihok.
|Target Audience:
|MPAA rating: R, for violence and terror, pervasive language, and some brief drug use.
|1 videodisc (90 min.) : sd., col. ; 4 3/4 in.
|DVD, region 1, anamorphic widescreen (2.40:1 ) presentation ; Dolby Digital 5.1 surround or 2.0 stereo.
|Other Titles:
|Trespass (Motion picture : 2011)
|directed by Joel Schumacher ; written by Karl Gajdusek ; produced by Irwin Winkler and David Winkler ; produced by René Besson ; Millennium Films presents a Nu Image production and a Winkler Films production, in association with Saturn Films ; a film by Joel Shumacher.
A husband and wife are kidnapped by extornionists and held for ransom. As the situation gets worse and the pressure gets higher, they begin to uncover a web of deceit and betrayal.
User-contributed reviews
Similar Items
Related Subjects:(6)
- Kidnapping victims -- Drama.
- Spouses -- Drama.
- Extortion -- Drama.
- Extortion.
- Kidnapping victims.
- Spouses.
User lists with this item (2)
- UB DVDs 2010-2011(276 items)
by LangsdaleLibrary updated about 14 hours ago
- Rated R(339 items)
by NCCUcirculation updated 2012-10-08


text:
Local Sports
HTF Preview: Boonville Pioneers
The Pioneers went 7-4 and won their first sectional game since 2008 last season.
HTF Preview: Daviess Co.Panthers
Matt Brannon begins his 2nd season as Daviess County head coach.
Kennedy Shaffer Wins Women's Hospital Classic
After beating the heat and Emina Betkas in three sets, University of Georgia junior Kennedy Shaffer…
NSA Tournament Brings Thousands to Tri-State
A week-long national softball tournament is finally over; but it brought thousands of people to the…
Bomb Squad Team Finishes First Season "Playing For Kate"
The newly formed U10 Bomb Squad team out of Newburgh completed their travel season at the NSA World…
Nick Sellers Giving Up Football for a Higher Calling
This upcoming fall, Nick Sellers will be trading in his playbook for the good book.
Umpires Having as Much Fun as the Players at Fast-Pitch World Series
The NSA Fast-Pitch Softball World Series continues at Deaconess Sports Park. Hundreds of game …
11-Year-Old Pitching Through Adversity at NSA World Series
Despite being 70 percent hearing impaired and type 1 diabetic, 11-year-old Lizzy Lytle is excelling…
Eickhoff and Phillies Fall to Don Mattingly's Marlins
Thanks to a 4-run fourth inning, Don Mattingly's Marlins top Jerad Eickhoff and the Phillies 9-3.
Age Just a Number at Women's Hospital Classic
Caty McNally is one of two 14-year-olds competing in this year's Women's Hospital Classic.
Junior Thunderbolts Release Schedule
The Evansville Junior Thunderbolts have released the schedule for the upcoming season.
Softball Teams Make Long Trip To NSA World Series
Fifteen states are represented at the NSA Fast Pitch World Series..
Tri-State Welcomes Softball Fever
More than 200 teams from 15 states made their way through downtown Evansville on Monday evening.
Central Football Team Participates in Energize Evansville Program
This month's Energize Evansville workout was held between the lines at Central's football stadium.
Eickhoff Picks Up No Decision in Phillies' 4-2 Win Over Mets
Jerad Eickhoff didn't factor into the decision in the Phillies' 4-2 win over the Mets on Saturday.
Ellis Park Jockeys Compete in Season-Long Jockey Competition
Each summer at Ellis Park, the jockeys compete in the annual jockey competition.
Now Loading......


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Aug 10, 1971
|Filing date
|Nov 21, 1969
|Priority date
|Nov 21, 1969
|Publication number
|Synnott Judson B
|Original Assignee
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (5), Classifications (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent TERMINAL FOR COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING SYSTEM 7 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs.
11.8. C1 178/58, 179/2 DP. 179/15 BS, 179/181 Int. Cl H0417/08 Field of Search 179/2 DP,
15 BY, 15 BS, 15 AE, 18.1; 178/23 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,327,288 6/1967 Webbermmw A 179/2 DP 3.458,654 7/1969 Ohnsorge et a1 v. A 178/23 3,504,287 3/1970 Deregnaucourt 179/15 BS Primary Examiner1(athleen 1-1.C1affy Assistant Examiner David L. Stewart Attorneys-R. .1 Guenther and James Warren Falk ABSTRACT: A common channel signaling system has a duplex signaling channel equipped with terminals that are adapted to maintain a constant data rate by inserting idle words when there are no data words to be transmitted and by inserting an additional synchronizing word when the error control information obtained by analyzing a block of data from a remote terminal is not completed within a predetermined interval before the arrival of the word position which is normally intended to contain such error control information.
-- TRUNK WAR-e is? 106-1 CHANNEL CHANNEL ERMINALS TERMINALS 1 :1 c A /E I024 107 H N l s|6NAL ga *E R 108 1 I 1DUPLEX 7-1 MODEM COMMON- F SIGNAL CHANNEL I I TRANS I SIGNAL I CHANNEL I TERMINAL REMOTE OFFICE "A ..@4; DATA PROC.
SYSTEM A- f'TRUNK TRUNK cHAN N g0o| F i CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL i'LTERMINALS -TRUNK "L 1024 TERMINALS 1 .2
206 20a 209 TERMINAL TERMINAL LOCAL OFFICE DATA sc20o I PROC SYSTEM 300, 1 SQ fil'NETi -{:ENT. coNtl PROG. stone I DATA PROC 1 6600 L SYSTE 103 :02 4 1 CALL STOR Elm PEGUERMIOB) DIRECTORY AND I-* BUFFER ADMIN. ",hNr nseuzmsaoefi TABLES 1V1 Aul g HLAP ILL-s 1 i -1 PATENIED IIIII; I 0 I971 SHEET 1 BF 2 FIG.
TRUNA CHANNEL l TRUNK TRUNK CHANNEL CHANNEL TERMINALS TERMINALS TRUNH L SIONAL CHAN. TER I08) CHANNEL DUPLEX R v C R MODEM COMMON 1 SIONAL CHANNEL SIONAL CHANNEL TERMINAL I MJM REMOTE OFFICE "A 6406 DATA PROC. SYSTEM TRUNH CHANNEL 2OOI RUNK TRUNK CHANNEL CHANNEL TERMINALS 'TRUNK NE 3024 TERMINALS SIGNAL SIGNAL CHANNEL COMMON SI C A NNEL CHANNEL TERMINAL TERMINAL.
MLLL'LL- LOCAL OFFICE DATA SC2OO REMOTE PROC. SYSTEM 300 OFHCE'B SCANNER h- -|CENT. CONT] [PROO STORE] DATA PROC. I03 6600 I02 Y,{IEM
CALL STORE {INT REGUERM. I08) DIRECTORY AND BUFFER ADMIN. INT. REG.(TERM.208)| TABLES ,NVENTOR J. B. SYNNOTT H SCRATCH PAD l MESSAGE 8V I HEAD CELLS BUFFERS M W ATTORA/EV TERMINAL FOR COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to data transmission systems and more particularly to a common channel signaling system of the type described, for example, in the copending application of W. B. Smith and .l. B. Synnott lll, Ser. No. 831,006, filed June 6, 1969.
Heretofore data transmission systems have been known in which the signaling channel connecting two terminals is in continuous operation and in which idle words are injected by the terminal whenever there are no data words available to be transmitted. ln some applications, this approach is found to be desirable because it avoids the necessity of bringing the transmitting and receiving ends of the signaling channel into synchronization each time the stream of actual data words is interrupted as when there is no data to be sent. Since the system is in continuous operation, delays occasioned by the need to resynchronize may largely be avoided. However, even though the system may continuously be transmitting actual data, the mutilation of a data word or, in some systems, of an idle word, may be so bad as to cause loss of synchronization. Under these circumstances, a resynchronization procedure must be followed. The ability to resynchronize is an inescapable requirement of almost any conceivable signaling system.
In the copending application of W. B. Smith et al. mentioned above, there is described an interoffice common channel signaling system using stored program controlled data processing equipment at each terminal. The program-controlled data processor supervises the loading of the transmitter from the storage unit at the terminal and erases the transmitted words from the storage unit when the distant terminal has forwarded error control information in the form of a BLOCK word which verifies that all of the transmitted words constituting an integral message have been correctly received at that distant terminal. In that application, data messages stored in the storage unit of the processor might be either single word or multiword messages. The multiword messages might on some occasions be distributed over more than one transmitted block. Accordingly, the processor was charged with the task of not releasing a multiword message from storage even though a BLOCK word indicated that some of the words which were contained in a previously transmitted block had been correctly received. Only when all of the words of a message in each of the blocks in which they happen to have been transmitted were identified as correctly received.
could the words constituting the message be erased from memory.
In the data transmission system disclosed in the above-mentioned Smith-Synnott application, it was desired that starting up delays be avoided and to this end the system was kept in continuous operation. ldle words were sent when there were no available data words to be sent. Accordingly, the previous system exhibited an inherent degree of synchronization between the transmitter at one terminal and the receiver at the other terminal of the transmission channel. Because the transmitters at each terminal would be controlled by individual clocks and these clocks would not operate at exactly the same rate, it was possible for the terminal having the faster transmitter to transmit all or part of a second block of data during the time that the transmitter at the slower terminal was still in the process of transmitting a first block of data. Under these circumstances, the terminal with the slower transmitter would have received more than one block of data from the terminal with the faster transmitter and might have formulated error control words for these blocks. Because its transmitter was operating slowly it would have perhaps two error control words on hand when it was finally able to send a BLOCK word. Under these circumstances, the faster terminal would have to store all of the data for two transmitted blocks and might interpret the block word which it finally received as applying to the wrong one of these stored blocks of data. Accordingly, a new terminal has been designed which controls the data rate of its transmitter so that it will be unnecessary to store an excessive amount of data because the transmitter at a remote terminal is slower in acknowledging the receipt of messages.
In the aforementioned data transmission system the terminal was adapted to detect idle words that were received over the signaling channel and to prevent the transmission of such idle words to the central processor. This saved central processor operating time inasmuch as therewould be no need to require the distant terminal to retransmit an idle word even if it were distorted in transmission. Though idle words were thus individually detected, if all of the words which a terminal happened to receive in a data block were idle words, it would still have to use its associated processor to fabricate a BLOCK word for. transmission back to the distant terminal because the distant terminal always expects to receive error control information pertaining to its last transmitted block. The distant terminal, however, was not enabled in the aforementioned disclosure to distinguish BLOCK words relating to idle blocks from BLOCK words acknowledging the transmission of actual data. Accordingly, the central processor at the distant terminal was required to process such completely idle BLOCK words resulting in some degradation of central processor operating efficiency. Accordingly, it would be desirable to prevent BLOCK words which merely acknowledge the transmission of blocks containing nothing but idle words from being processed by the central processor.
SUMMARY OF THE lNVENTlON The foregoing and other objects of the present invention are achieved in one illustrative embodiment in which the terminal includes a transmitter word list, a receiver word list, and a mode control circuit for selectively transferring words from the transmitter and receiver word lists to the transmitter and receiver buffer circuitry to establish synchronization with the remote terminal and to prevent the difference in transmitting rates of the terminals from causing loss of synchronization.
ln accordance with one aspect of the operation of the system of the present invention, the transmitter at the terminal at each end of the signaling channel will transmit a series of RESYNC words until the receiver at that terminal has received a RESYNC word from the remote terminal. At this point the transmitter is instructed to send SYNC words to the remote terminal. Following the correct receipt of a SYNC word, the remote terminal will send two more SYNC words followed by data words from the transmitter buffer. According to this aspect of the operation of the illustrative embodiment, a terminal changes to data transmission whenever it has been simultaneously receiving and sending SYNC words for two consecutive word intervals.
In accordance with another aspect of the operation of the illustrative embodiment, the receiver at a terminal analyzes the data words received from the distant terminal and formulates error control information which is to be passed to the transmitter and transmitted by that transmitter in the form of a BLOCK word to the distant terminal. During the synchronization procedure, if the receiver at the terminal has not yet formulated error control information because of a time delay in the transition from SYNC words to data at the transmitter of the distant terminal, the receiver will notify the terminal control circuitry to cause the transmitter to insert a SYNC word in place of the BLOCK word which would normally be transmitted to the remote terminal. In this manner, the first BLOCK word transmitted corresponds to the first complete block of data received. Synchronization is complete when both terminals have transmitted and received an initial BLOCK word.
Once the terminals at each end of the channel are synchronized data words and BLOCK words will be continuously sent in both directions. Advantageously, the receiver at a terminal should formulate error control information in sufficient time for it to be available for insertion into the BLOCK word about to be sent by its associated transmitter.
When, however, the receiver at a synchronized terminal formulates error control information within too small an interval before that data is to be transmitted in a BLOCK word, a condition which may be caused by a slow transmission rate of the transmitter at the distant terminal, the receiver will notify the terminal control circuitry to cause the transmitter to send a SYNC word immediately following that BLOCK word. In this manner, the receiver at a terminal which is constrained in its formulation of its error control information by the slow transmission rate of the remote terminal causes its associated transmitter to insert a SYNC word following a BLOCK word, thereby extending the length of that particular block of data and reducing the transmitters rate of effective data transmis- DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The foregoing and other objects and features may become more apparent by referring now to the detailed description and drawing in which:
FIG. 1 shows in block diagram form an overall schematic view of a common channel signaling system including terminals of the type disclosed in the aforementioned copending application ofW. B. Smith and J. B. Synnott III; and
FIG. 2 shows the improved terminal of the present invention to be used in the system of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a data transmission system employing common channel signaling. This system will be described with respect to a local central office which contains data processing system 300, trunk channel terminals 106 and 206 and common signal channel terminals 108 and 208. Remote from the central office comprising the aforementioned equipment are two distant central offices A" and B which are accessible for communications purposes over a plurality of trunk channels 1-1024 and 2001-3024, respectively. At office A are trunk channel terminals 107, common signal channel terminal 109 and data processing system 400 which, in all respects may be similar to local office data processing system 300. At remote office B there are, similarly, trunk channel terminals 207, signal channel terminal 209 and data processing system 500.
Trunk channels 11024 may be thought of as carrying individual voice conversations between the local central office and remote office .A" and the common signaling channel extending between terminals 108 and 109 may be thought of as carrying the information neces vary for setting up connections to and from the trunk channel terminals 106 and 107 at the respective offices. The signaling information carried over the common signaling channel would typically include such information as the called telephone number which is transmitted in the forward direction from the calling to the called office and answer supervision which is transmitted in the reverse direction. In this regard, the called telephone number would in most instances be in the form of a multiword message whereas answer supervision would normally be expected to be a single word message.
Normally data words are supplied by central processor system 300 over bus 6406 to terminal 108 for transmission over the common signaling channel. When data words are present on bus 6406 inhibit gate 108-5 in terminal 108 is inhibited. However, when there are no actual data words available in call store 103 to be placed on bus 6406 inhibit gate 108-5 is unblocked and idle word generator 108-3 provides a word to transmitter 108-2 for transmission over the common channel via duplex modem 1084.
Since it is desired that data processing system 300 not be burdened by considering idle words that are received at terminal 108 over the common signaling channel, an idle word detector 108-l1 is associated with receiver 108-10 such as the idle word detector 108-11 will activate the inhibit terminal of gate 108-12 to prevent receiver 108-10 from delivering an idle word to the scanner of data processing system 300. The information which receiver 108 is permitted to deliver to data processing system 300 is entered by the scanner thereof over cable 6600 into one of the internal registers of the common control of the data processing system. In the normal course of events this register places the information into call store 103 in an interface register thereof assigned to terminal 108. Similarly, data processing system 300 scans the receiver output associated with signal channel terminal 208 and eventually inserts the information provided therefrom into a call store interface register assigned to terminal 208. The central control and call store 103 may advantageously be of the type described in detail in the copending application of R. W. Downing et al., Ser. No. 334,875, filed Dec. 31, 1963 and in the Bell System Technical Journal, Sept. 1964, particularly pages 1,845 through 1,959 dealing with the central processor organization and the stored program organization and pages 2,021 through 2,054 dealing with the peripheral bus system. Reference may also be made to the copending application of J. A. Harr, Ser. No. 590,928 filed Oct. 31, 1966, for further in formation concerning the basic data processing system em ployed in the illustrative embodiment.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown the improved data terminal of the present invention. The principal elements of the signaling channel terminal 108' are, of course, the receiver 110 and transmitter 104. In this regard it should be noted that while the reference number 108' has been chosen to correspond to the signaling channel terminal 108 (FIG. 1 herein and also of the above-mentioned copending application of W. B. Smith and J. B. Synnott III), the remaining reference numbers in the ensuing description will not in general correspond to the items of structure disclosed in that case because the additional number of components described herein makes parallel numbering inconvenient.
The transmitter 104 and receiver 110 of FIG. 2 may advantageously comprise a data set capable of operating at 2,000 bits per second over a standard telephone transmission circuit. The receiver advantageously may be of the type which derives bit synchronization from the incoming data transmitted by the remote terminal. The synchronization thus achieved by receiver 110 is used to control the receiver clock 111 over a synchronizing path (not shown). Receivers capable of deriving synchronization from the incoming data stream being well known, the details thereof need not be set forth herein. Of course, it is known that receivers are available which can maintain synchronism for a substantial interval following interruption of the data bits stream carrier. To this end it is envisioned that a conventional receiver adapted to operate at the aforementioned 2,000 bit per second signaling rate and which would have the characteristic of being able to maintain synchronism for approximately one second after carrier interruption would be desirable in practicing the present invention. Timer 112 connected to receiver 110 will, in addition to performing other timing functions hereinafter to be described, after I second, notify mode control circuit 114 in the event that receiver 110 detects a carrier failure. Upon such notification mode control circuit 114 initiates the sequence of operations required for reestablishing synchronization. The procedure for reestablishing synchronization is basically identical to the startup procedure which is to be employed when the system is initially placed into operation.
ESTABLISHING SYNCHRONIZATION synchronization. Under these circumstances output l141 of mode control circuit 114 controls gate G3 to gate RESYNC word R from transmitter word list 105 to transmitter interim buffer 106 and thence to transmitter shift register 107. The hits of RESYNC word R which have been entered in transmitter shift register 107 are shifted out at the transmission signaling rate under the control of transmitter clock 109 and are then transmitted by transmitter 104 to the distant terminal. In addition, output 114-2 of mode control circuit 114 activates gate 6-2 to convey a single RESYNC word to receiver buffer 115 from receiver word list 116. Simultaneously, gate G-2 activates signal present flag flip-flop 128. Receiver buffer 115 and signal present flag flip-flop 128 are scanned by the scanner of the local office data processing system 300 (FIG. 1) to inform the central processor as to the status of the terminal. Thus, during the initial phase of startup, the presence of a RESYNC word in receiver buffer 115 notifies central processor that the terminal is attempting to reestablish synchronization.
Word monitor 117 contains a wired logic pattern identical to the RESYNC word bit format. As receiver 110 of the terminal receives a word from the distant terminal, the bits of the word, under control of receiver clock 111 and gate (34, are shifted into receiver shift register 118. Monitor 117 matches the pattern of bits in shift register 118 against the wired logic pattern. When word monitor 117 has successfully matched all of the bits of a word, a frame" signal is sent by it to receiver clock 111. Word synchronization has now been obtained. Word monitor 117 now notifies mode control 114 that word synchronization has been established, and, in response thereto, mode control 114 controls gate -3 to transfer a SYNC word, S, from transmitter word list 105 to transmitter interim buffer 106 for transmission by transmitter 104 to the distant terminal. At this point in the startup process, RESYNC words are being correctly received and SYNC words are being transmitted by the terminal of FIG. 2.
The next phase of startup commences when the distant terminal, which in all respects is similar to terminal 108' of FIG. 2, likewise achieves word synchronization and begins to transmit SYNC words to the terminal of FIG. 2. When the first such SYNC word is received by receiver 110 of terminal 108 and entered into shift register 118, it will be detected by word monitor 117 matching the contents of shift register 118 with its internally wired SYNC word bit format. At this time word monitor 117 notifies mode control 114 that a SYNC word has been received. In response thereto, mode control 114 successively controls gate 6-3 to transfer two more SYNC words from transmitter 105 to transmitter interim buffer 106 so these words can be transmitted by transmitter 104 to the distant terminal. Immediately thereafter, mode control 114 controls gate 6-3 to transfer a data word from transmitter buffer 120 to the transmitter interim buffer 106 for transmission by transmitter 104 to the distant terminal.
Thus far it has been assumed that terminal 108' of FIG. 2 achieved word synchronization before the distant terminal, i.e., terminal 108 switched from transmitting RESYNC words to transmitting SYNC words while receiving RESYNC words from the distant terminal. Of course, it is possible for the distant terminal to achieve word synchronization before terminal 108. Under these circumstances, the distant terminal will send a SYNC word to terminal 108' while terminal 108 is still sending RESYNC words. When the SYNC word arrives at receiver 110 it is shifted into register 118. The SYNC word bit pattern in register 118 is recognized by word monitor circuit 117 and circuit 117 notifies mode control circuit 114. Mode control circuit 114 immediately causes gate 6-8 to successively transfer two SYNC words from transmitter word list 105 to transmitter interim buffer 106 for transmission by transmitter 104 to the distant terminal. Thereafter, mode control 114 operates gate 0-3 to transfer data words from transmitter buffer 12 to interim buffer 106.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that a terminal of the present invention may change to data transmission whenever it has been simultaneously receiving and sending SYNC words for two consecutive word intervals.
RECORDING OF DATA-IDLE STATUS, TRANSMITTER OPERATION When, as last described, mode control circuit 114 has instructed gate 6-3 to commence transferring data words from transmitter buffer 120 to transmitter 104 (via the path previously detailed), mode control 1 14 next activates output 114-3 to set the transmitter word and block counters 121 to 0 and 1, respectively, and these counters, in turn, update the appropriate data indicator bit in data-idle record store 123 for block position one. Data-idle record 123 advantageously may comprise a small magnetic core array in which a group of cores is provided p'er transmitted block to register a 1 bit whenever a data word is actually transmitted in a particular word position of the block. Such transmission occurs whenever transmitter buffer 120 contains a data word at the time that gate G-3 is enabled by mode control 114. For example, when a data word is available for transmission in the first word position of block number one, the indicator bit in data-idle register 123 for the first word position in block one would be set to 1. However, if transmitter buffer 120 were empty, as indicated by the Busy/Idle Bit output lead, an IDLE word I would be gated by gate G-3 (under control of clock 109 and transmitter counter 121) from transmitter word list to transmitter interim buffer 106. Simultaneously, the data indicator bit in data-idle record 123 for the first word position of block one would be set to 0." Data-idle record 123 may contain as many groups of such cores as are indicated by the maximum number of blocks to be transmitted in the round trip transit time of the common signaling channel.
As thus far described, data-idle record 123 contained a word per transmitted block, each bit position of which word was set to a l when the corresponding word position in the transmitted block was a data word and which was set to 0 when the corresponding word position contained an idle word. The purpose of storing this information in data-idle record 123 is to permit data-idle record 123 to 'provide a special indication to gate G-2 later on when a BLOCK word is returned from the distant terminal regarding the transmitted block. In the event that all of the cores in data-idle record 123 pertaining to a specific transmitted block have all been set to 0, data-idle record 123 will inhibit gate G-2 and prevent the BLOCK word received from the distant terminal from being forwarded to data processor 300. Thus, the processor will not be concerned with processing BLOCK words pertaining to completely idle blocks. Some simplification of data-idle record 123 can, of course, be achieved by merely providing one core per transmitted block which core will be set to l whenever any word position in the transmitted BLOCK contains a data word. Under these circumstances, gate 0-2 will not be inhibited because the BLOCK word acknowledging receipt of the transmitted block by the distant terminal is not a block word pertaining to a completely idle block. However, employing a data-idle record 123 which contains a core per word position per transmitted block permits the error control field of the BLOCK word as defined in the above-mentioned copending application to be filtered as well so that the processor will receive only those error bits of the BLOCK word pertaining to word positions in which actual data words were transmitted. v
Returning now to the circuitry in the right-hand portion of FIG. 2, the data, idle, SYNC or RESYNC words in transmitter shift register 107 are shifted to transmitter 104 under control of transmitter clock 109. Parity generator 124 computes the parity check bits which are to be transmitted as an appendage to each data word in the illustrative system. The parity bits computed by parity generator 124 are appended to the word in transmitter shift register 107 as the word is shifted out to transmitter 104. Transmitter clock 109 increments transmitter word and block counter 121 and periodically, gate 6-4 is enabled to gate the contents of counter 121 to the scanner of the central processor 300. The transmitter word and block counter may advantageously be used by the central processor to determine the word and block assignment for data words about to be transmitted to transmitter buffer 120. The Busy/[- dle Bit lead of transmitter buffer 120 inhibits the transfer of the contents of the transmitter block and word counter 121 via gate 6-4 to the processor 300, thereby notifying the processor 300 that transmitter buffer 120 is filled.
After the first nine (data or IDLE) words have been transmitted by transmitter 104 to the distant terminal, a BLOCK word containing the error record of the most recently received block of data would normally be gated into transmitter shift register 107 for transmission to the distant terminal. If, how ever, error control circuit 119 and received block error record circuits 126 have not yet formulated this information for a complete block, gate G3 will be controlled by the received block error record circuits 126 and the transmitter word counter 121 to transfer a SYNC word, S, from transmitter word list 105 to transmitter interim buffer 106 for transmission by transmitter 104 to the distant terminal in the block word position.
RECEIPT OF DATA WORDS AND IDLE WORDS As the words are received in receiver 110 from the distant terminal, gate G-l passes the words to error control 119. Error control circuit 119 derives check bits by analyzing the data bits of the word and compares the check bits with the parity bits which are appended to each incoming word. Data words are gated from receiver shift register 118 to receiver interim buffer 127 while error control circuit 119 analyzes the data bits. If a match is attained between the parity bits and the check bits, error control 119 instructs received block error record 126 to insert a at the bit position marked by receiver wordcounter 1251 Error control 119 then causes gate 6-2 to transfer the data word from the interim buffer 127 to receiver buffer 115. When a correct data word has been transferred to receiver buffer 115, signal present flip-flop circuit 128 is activated to inform the central processor, which thereupon may obtain the data word by scanning receiver buffer 115.
If one of the words in the data block is an idle word, it will be so recognized by word monitor 117 detecting a bit pattern in shift register 118 corresponding to the bit pattern of its wired idle word, 1. Under these circumstances gate G-2 will be blocked by word monitor 117 and so the idle word will not reach receiver buffer 115 even though it is transferred to receiver interim buffer 127.
If error control circuit 119 detects a disagreement between the parity bits appended to the received data bits and the check bits computed by examining the data bits of the received word, it sets the bit position in received block error record 126 corresponding to the word position in the received block to l." Simultaneously, an ERROR code word E is gated from receiver word list 116 by gate 6-2 to receiver buffer 115. The presence of the error word in receiver buffer 115 enables the central processor to commence the procedures described in the aforementioned copending appli' cation of W. B. Smith and J. B. Synnott 111 so that a multiword message, if one is currently being received, might be abandoned in anticipation of its required later retransmission by the distant terminal. In this regard it should be noted that the terminal of the present invention is not limited solely for use with a central processor which has been programmed as described in that application; i.e., one which provides for retransmitting only those words constituting an integral data word message, but may also be used in connection with a central processor which is somewhat more simply programmed to call for the retransmission of an entire block of data words when any word in the block is recorded to be in error.
A BLOCK word normally follows a predetermined number of data words to constitute a uniform length block in transmission. In the illustrative system, for example, the BLOCK word may appear after a group of nine data or idle words have been transmitted. During the startup or synchronizing mode, however, a sync word may be received by receiver 110 instead ofa BLOCK word because the distant terminal may not have completed assembling the error record for the block previously transmitted by the terminal of FIG. 2 at the time when the distant terminal was to have transmitted the BLOCK word. When, under these circumstances, the terminal of FIG. 2 detects a SYNC word in shift register 118, word monitor 117 causes the word counter portion of receiver block and word counter 125 to be reset. When the first BLOCK word thereafter arrives, word monitor circuit 117 recognizes the appearance of the BLOCK word in shift register 118 and causes mode control circuit 114 to terminate the synchronizing mode by removing the signal which mode control 114 has thus far been applying to inhibit the block counter portion of receiver word and block counter 125. Simultaneously, mode control circuit 114 notifies the central processor that synchronization has been fully established by gating the SYNC word to the processor via gate G-2, receiver buffer 115 and signal present circuit 127.
In accordance with one aspect of the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 2, a receiver word and block counter 125 is provided so that arriving BLOCK words may be assigned sequential numbers and the numbers used to access the information pertaining to the block that was previously stored in data-idle record 123. In order to obtain proper registration of the assigned BLOCK word numbers with information in circuit 123 mode control circuit 114 inhibits the block counter portion of word and block counter 125 until a block of data words followed by a BLOCK word has been received. The first BLOCK word received during the final phase of the synchronizing mode corresponds to the first block transmitted.
NORMAL OPERATING MODE During normal operation the terminal of FIG. 2 is continuously transmitting and receiving blocks of nine data or idle words followed by a BLOCK word. Receiver 110 operates asynchronously with transmitter 104 inasmuch as receiver 110 is synchronized to the transmitter of the distant terminal, whereas transmitter 104 is locally controlled by transmitter clock 109. As each BLOCK word arrives in receiver 110, is entered in shift register 118 and passed to interim register 127, the block counter information from receiver word and block counter 125 is forwarded to the central processor along with the BLOCK word. The central processor associates the BLOCK word with the area of storage in which it retains the transmitted data words corresponding to that block. It will be recalled that when data words were transferred from transmitter buffer 120 to transmitter 104 entry was made by transmitter word and block counter 121 in the appropriate register of data-idle record 123. As each BLOCK word is received in shift register 118, the block counter information in receiver and word and block counter 125 is employed to access the register of data-idle record 123 corresponding to the transmitted block. 1f the transmitted block, however, contained only idle words, this will be indicated in the register of data-idle record 123 for that transmitted block, and when this word is accessed data-idle record 123 will inhibit gate G-2 so that the BLOCK word in interim register 127 will not be transferred to receiver buffer 115. Accordingly, the central processor will not be concerned with processing information relating to completely idle blocks ofdata.
It was mentioned above that an error detected in a word in receiver shift register 118 will cause an ERROR word to be transferred from receiver word list 116 via gate 0-2 to receiver buffer 115. Advantageously, a different error word, BE, may be transferred from word list 116 to receiver buffer 115 when error control 119 detects a parity failure in a BLOCK word which pertains to a nonidle block. In this manner the central processor will have information available in the receiver buffer 115 from which to monitor the error performance of the signaling channel, although no action need be taken by the processor except on errors in nonidle BLOCK words.
When error control circuit 119 detects a preselected number of errors in adjacent words arriving in shift register 118, error record 126 sends a signal to mode control circuit 114 so that the synchronizing mode will be reinitiated. In this manner mode control 114 causes RESYNC and SYNC words to be sent whenever error control circuit 119 detects errors in contiguous words that may be indicative of a possible loss of synchronization.
The word counter portions of counters 125 and 121 in the illustrative system are designed to count from to 9. On the th count a l is added to the block count and the word counter is reset. The block counters count from l to 8 and then start over, eight blocks representing in an illustrative embodiment l.2 seconds of round trip delay time over the common signaling channel to and from the distant terminal. This interval is sufficient to insure that each block will be acknowledged within 1 block counter cycle.
In addition to the paths previously described, mode control circuit 114 is also equipped with an input from central processor 300 bus 6406 so that the central processor may be enabled to override any of the terminals operating modes under emergency conditions.
SUMMARY From the foregoing it is seen that a terminal for a common channel signaling system has been described in which the processor is saved the burden of processing idle words and block words pertaining to transmitted blocks containing only idle words. BLOCK words acknowledging completely idle blocks are detected at the terminal by counting the number of the arriving BLOCK word and employing the number to access a data-idle record. The illustrative terminal sends one type of synchronizing word (the RESYNC word) until it recognizes the receipt of such RESYNC word from the distant terminal. Then a different type of synchronizing word is sent after which data words or idle words may be transmitted. In the event that a data word is not available, the IDLE word is substituted in its place. When the terminal has not yet completed assembling the error control information for a BLOCK word the SYNC word is substituted in its place. A second use of the second type of synchronizing word (the SYNC word) is made when it is determined that the transmitter of the instant terminal is operating at a faster transmission rate than the transmitter of the distant terminal. Under these circumstances the instant terminal stuffs" such a SYNC word into the transmitted data block immediately after the transmission of the BLOCK word, thereby to slow down the rate of effective data transmission of the transmitter at the instant terminal.
It is to be understood that the above-described arrangements are illustrative of the applications of the principals of the present invention. Numerous other modifications may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed herein.
What I claim is:
1. In a data signaling channel system having transmitter and receiver means at a terminal at each end of said channel. the combination comprising:
means for causing the transmitter means at each said terminal independently to transmit a first synchronizing word to the other terminal,
means at one terminal for recognizing the receipt by said receiving means thereat of a first synchronizing word transmitted from the remote terminal,
means controlled by said recognizing means for thereafter causing said one terminal to transmit a second type of synchronizing word to said remote terminal,
means responsive to the receipt of said second type of synchronizing word from said remote terminal for allowing said one terminal to transmit data words to said remote terminal,
means responsive to the receipt of a group of data words from said remote terminal for formulating an error control information word regarding said received group of data words and for forwarding said error control informa- 5 tion word to said transmitter means at said one terminal,
means for controlling said transmitter means to normally insert said error control information word after a predetermined number of data words have been transmitted, and means operative when said predetermined number of data words has been transmitted and said error control information word hasnot been provided for causing said transmitter means to transmit one of said types of synchronizing words.
2. A data signaling channel system according to claim 1 wherein said transmitter means at said one terminal transmits an idle word when no data word is available, and wherein register means are provided for storing an indication of a predetermined number of said idle words having been transmitted by said transmitter means.
3. A signaling channel system according to claim 2 wherein said receiving means at said one terminal includes means for recognizing the receipt of an error control information word from said remote terminal and means responsive to the receipt of said error control information word for accessing said register means, and
means responsive to said indication being read out of said register means for causing said error control information word received from said remote terminal to be disregarded.
4. A data transmission system comprising a pair of terminals connected by a common signaling channel, each said terminal having a receiver and a transmitter, a transmitter buffer at each said terminal for holding data words to be transmitted over said channel, word register means at each said terminal having stored therein a SYNC word, a RESYNC word, and an IDLE word,
means for initially transferring said RESYNC word from said word register means to said transmitter,
meansresponsive to said receiver receiving a RESYNC word from the distant one of said terminals for causing at least one of said SYNC words to be transferred to said transmitter,
means for thereafter sequentially transferring data words from said transmitter buffer to said transmitter, means controlled by said receiver for normally formulating a BLOCK word and for transferring said BLOCK word to said transmitter after a predetermined number of said data words have been transferred to said transmitter,
means for inserting one of said IDLE words among said predetermined number of words whenever there is no data word in said transmitter buffer, and
means for inserting said SYNC word following said BLOCK word when said receiver has not formulated said BLOCK word after said predetermined number of data words or IDLE words have been transferred to said transmitter. 60 5..ln a data signaling channel system having transmitter and receiver means at the terminal at each end of said channel, the combination comprising:
means for causing the transmitter means at one terminal to transmit a first synchronizing word to the remote terminal,
means at said one terminal for recognizing the receipt by said receiving means of said synchronizing word from said remote terminal,
means controlled by said recognizing means for thereafter causing said one terminal to transmit a second type of synchronizing word to said remote terminal,
means responsive to the receipt of said second type of synchronizing vword from said remote terminal for allowing said one terminal to transmit data words to said remote terminal,
means for controlling said transmitter means to transmit an idle word when no data word is available to betransmitted,
means responsive to the receipt of a group of data words from said remote terminal for formulating an error control information word regarding said received group of data words and for forwarding said error control information word to said transmitter means at said one terminal,
means for controlling said transmitter means to normally insert said error control information word after a predetermined number of data words have been transmitted,
means for storing an indication when a consecutive number of said idle words equal to said aforementioned predetermined number of data words normally dictating the insertion of an error control information word has been transmitted,
means for counting each error control information word received by said receiver means from said remote terminal,
means for accessing said indication storing means in accordance with the count of said received error control information word,
and means operative subsequent to said accessing for thereafter disregarding said error control information word when said indication storing means accessed by said error control information word indicates that said error control information word pertains to a group of said predetermined number of idle words.
6. In a channel signaling system having a pair of terminals each including means for normally inserting an idle word in the block transmitted by said terminal when there is no data word to be transmitted, means for formulating an error control word relating to a group of words received over said channel, said error control word normally being inserted in the next one of said blocks to be transmitted over said channel to the terminal originally sending said group of words,
means for maintaining the effective rate of data transmission in one direction over said channel substantially equal to the effective rate of data transmission in the other direction comprising transmitter clock timing means for defining the interval during which said error control word is to be transmitted in said one of said blocks,
means for inserting said error control word in said position defined by said defining means, and
means for inserting an extra word in said one transmitted block following said error control word when said formulating means does not have said error control word available within a predetermined time interval before said interval defined by said defining means.
7. In a channel signaling system according to claim 6 the combination wherein each said terminal normally transmits a synchronizing word to the remote terminal until the synchronizing word transmitted by said remote terminal is received over said signaling channel and wherein said additional word inserted after said error control word is an additional one of said synchronizing words.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 26, 1963
|Jun 20, 1967
|Webber Arthur F
|Self-editing data transmission system
|Jul 2, 1965
|Jul 29, 1969
|Telefunken Patent
|May 8, 1967
|Mar 31, 1970
|Northern Electric Co
|Circuits for stuffing synch,fill and deviation words to ensure data link operation at designed bit rate
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 16, 1973
|Mar 25, 1975
|Martin Marietta Corp
|Forward bit count integrity detection and correction technique for asynchronous systems
|May 28, 1974
|Feb 3, 1976
|Burroughs Corporation
|Method and apparatus for altering the synchronous compare character in a digital data communication system
|Feb 6, 1975
|Jun 29, 1976
|Kokusai Denshin Denwa Kabushiki Kaisha
|Control system of an electronic exchange
|Nov 20, 1996
|Oct 6, 1998
|Kapoor; Vijay
|Packet data communication method and system
|Sep 28, 1989
|Jun 6, 1990
|Data General Corporation
|Method for initializing or synchronizing a communication link
|U.S. Classification
|370/276, 370/513, 379/230
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Spiced Carrot Sticks
|5 Large
|White wine vinegar
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Orange juice
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|Pickling spices
|1 Tablespoon
Peel carrots; cut into thin sticks.
In a medium saucepan, combine vinegar, orange juice, honey and pickling spices.
Add carrot sticks.
Bring to a boil.
Simmer over medium-low heat 8 to 10 minutes until carrots are crisp-tender.
Cool on a rack 15 minutes.
Pour carrots and sauce into a medium bowl with a tight-fitting lid.
Cover and refrigerate 6 hours or overnight.
Drain to serve.
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 516 Calories from Fat 20
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 2 g3.7%
Saturated Fat 0.55 g2.7%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 283.4 mg11.8%
Total Carbohydrates 121 g40.2%
Dietary Fiber 13.7 g54.9%
Sugars 89.1 g
Protein 5 g10.9%
Vitamin A 1209.3% Vitamin C 151.2%
Calcium 25.1% Iron 21%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
I am working with DB2 table using Java code and using ResultSetMetaData for getting meta data for table. Is there anyway to know if the table has generated column and if yes is there a way i can find out the formula used for it.
Either using ResultSetMetaData or using any other approach is fine as long as it's possible through Java code.


text:
Index of content:
Volume 7, Issue 12, 01 December 1936
The Distribution of Relaxation Times in Typical Dielectrics7(1936); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1745355View Description Hide Description
K. W. Wagner's treatment of the distribution of relaxation times in dielectrics is reviewed; the effect of the density of distribution upon the frequency variation of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor is discussed; and a graphical method of evaluating the constants of Wagner's equation from experimental data is described. These constants have been evaluated for a number of typical dielectrics, and the frequency variations of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor as computed from Wagner's equations and from the simple equations for a single relaxation time are compared with the observed behavior. The quantitative correlation obtained between Wagner's equations and the experimental data investigated is viewed as a confirmation of Wagner's theory of a statistical distribution of relaxation times in dielectrics.
Electron Optics of an Image Tube7(1936); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1745356View Description Hide Description
(1). Introduction: Description of fixed‐focus and variable‐focus electrostaticimage tube; scope of paper. (2). Focusing properties:Measurement of the variation of image distances and magnification with object distance and ratio of applied voltages for both types of tubes; calculation of potential distributions and electron paths; comparison of experimental and theoretical results. (3) Aberrations: Classification of aberrations;measurement of tangential and sagittal image surfaces for fixed‐focus tube; calculation of axial (chromatic and spherical) aberrations; calculation of field aberrations; comparison between measurements and calculation; reduction of field aberrations by curving the cathode.
Directional Characteristics of Any Antenna Over a Plane Earth7(1936); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1745357View Description Hide Description
Simple expressions for the field as a function of direction at distances of many wave‐lengths from any antenna above a plane earth are obtained. Except near the surface of the earth the field varies as 1/r. In agreement with results of others it is found that on the surface of the earth for values of kr, (k=2π/λ), large compared to unity and yet small compared to the (complex) dielectric constant, the vertical component of the field varies as 1/r while if the distance is large compared to the dielectric constant the field decreases as 1/(kr)2. The various constants etc., depending on antenna form and ground characteristics, are shown to be connected with quantities previously used for the determination of radiation resistance so that the same numerical work used to find the total radiation from an antenna also determines its directional characteristics.
The Thermal Response of the Skin to Radiation7(1936); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1745358View Description Hide Description
The thermal sensitivity of skin to radiation has been studied with a new technique and the temperature changes in the skin surface have been accurately measured. The change in skin response of both whites and negroes to visible, infrared radiation, and sunlight has been measured. Results show that the sensation evoked by the radiations depends upon the optical properties of the skin. White subjects were found to be more sensitive to heat than negroes. The effect of the exposed area upon the sensitivity was observed. The postulate that the magnitude of the sensation depends upon two factors, nerve impulse frequency and central association, was found to fit the present data. A formula for calculating the degree of association is proposed. The results show that the sensitivity to radiation increases as the exposed area is increased up to the point where the stimulus has dropped to 0.0004 gram cal./sec.·cm2. A radiation weaker than this will evoke no sensation regardless of the size of the area exposed. This was taken to be the threshold of the excitation of an end organ. The temperature change in the skin surface with this radiation rate was measured to be a rise in temperature at the rate of 0.0008°C per second; sensation is perceived after 3 seconds of exposure. The relationship of the temperature change of the skin was studied. It was found that neither the change (ΔT) nor rate of change (ΔT/Δt) of skin temperature is adequate to explain the sensory effect. An hypothesis is proposed which attributes the sensation to a differential change in the temperature of the blood vessel net work within 0.1 mm of the skin surface and another at 0.3 mm.