text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 18, 2011
|Filing date
|Feb 21, 2006
|Priority date
|Feb 21, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Andreas E. Perakes, Ashok Rodrigues
|Original Assignee
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (4), Classifications (17), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system and method for managing a powertrain in a vehicle.
2. Background Art
Although four-wheel-drive vehicles may provide much better traction than their two-wheel-drive counterparts, four-wheel-drive vehicles typically sacrifice fuel economy. To help mitigate the increase in fuel consumption in four-wheel-drive vehicles, driveline disconnect devices may be used to selectively disconnect one of the axles, temporarily allowing the vehicle to effectively operate in a two-wheel-drive mode. Thus, the use of driveline disconnects helps a vehicle to regain some of the overall fuel economy that may otherwise be lost because of its operation in a four-wheel-drive mode.
Another way that fuel economy in vehicles is being increased is through the use of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV's). These vehicles typically have a moderately sized internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors, each of which may be capable of providing torque to drive the vehicle. One of the ways in which HEV's increase fuel economy is through the use of regenerative brake energy recovery. That is, one or more of the electric motors may provide resistance to slow the vehicle. The motor or motors are effectively driven as generators, outputting energy to a storage device, such as a battery. The energy stored in the battery is later used to drive the motors during certain vehicle operating conditions.
In the case of an HEV that is a also a four-wheel-drive vehicle, the use of driveline disconnects is at odds with the regenerative braking system. This is because an axle needs to be connected to the powertrain in order for that axle to participate in the recovery of braking energy. If the driveline is connected to the powertrain, however, fuel economy is reduced because all four wheels are being used to drive the vehicle.
Therefore, there is a need for a system and method for managing a powertrain in a vehicle such that under certain vehicle conditions only one set of wheels is connected to the vehicle powertrain. This helps to increase the overall fuel economy of the vehicle. Under certain other vehicle conditions, in particular, when regenerative braking is desired, or when the vehicle is in a four-wheel-drive mode, both sets of wheels are connected to the powertrain, thereby maximizing the amount of regenerative braking energy that can be collected.
One of the advantages of the present invention is that it provides a system and method for selectively connecting and disconnecting a set of drive wheels from a powertrain in an HEV so that both sets of wheels are connected to the powertrain during regenerative braking, but at certain other times one set of wheels is automatically disconnected from the powertrain to provide increased fuel economy.
The invention also provides a method for managing a powertrain in a vehicle including a front drive wheel and a rear drive wheel. The vehicle is operable in at least a first driving mode in which the front and rear drive wheels are selected to drive the vehicle. At least one of the drive wheels has a changeable connection status to the powertrain such that it is selectively connectable to and disconnectable from the powertrain. The method includes determining at least one vehicle condition, including at least one of a speed of the vehicle and whether the vehicle is operating in the first driving mode. At least one of the determined vehicle conditions is compared to a respective predetermined condition, and the connection status of at least one of the drive wheels is changed based on the comparison of the at least one determined vehicle condition to its respective predetermined condition.
The invention further provides a method for managing a powertrain in a vehicle. The powertrain includes an electric motor arrangement operable to provide torque to at least a first pair of drive wheels proximate one end of the vehicle. The vehicle includes a second pair of drive wheels proximate another end of the vehicle. The second pair of drive wheels has a changeable connection status to the powertrain such that it is selectively connectable to and disconnectable from the powertrain. The vehicle further includes a selection device for selectively placing the vehicle in a four-wheel-drive mode or a two-wheel-drive mode. The method includes determining a speed of the vehicle and determining whether the vehicle is in the two-wheel-drive mode or the four-wheel-drive mode. The second pair of drive wheels is disconnected from the powertrain when it is determined that the speed of the vehicle is above a predetermined speed threshold, the vehicle is in the two-wheel-drive mode, and the second pair of drive wheels is connected to the powertrain.
The invention also provides a system for managing a powertrain in a vehicle. The powertrain includes an electric motor arrangement operable to provide torque to at least a first wheel proximate one end of the vehicle. The vehicle includes a second drive wheel proximate another end of the drive wheel and a power supply for storing electrical energy and for providing electrical energy to the motor arrangement. The vehicle is operable in at least a first driving mode in which the first and second drive wheels are selected to drive the vehicle. The system includes a disconnect disposed between the second drive wheel and the powertrain. The disconnect is operable to selectively connect the second drive wheel to, and disconnect the second drive wheel from, the powertrain. A control system includes at least one controller, and it is in communication with the disconnect. The control system is configured to determine a speed of the vehicle and whether the vehicle is operating in the first driving mode. The control system is further configured to effect operation of the disconnect to disconnect the second drive wheel from the powertrain when: the speed of the vehicle is above a predetermined speed threshold, the vehicle is not operating in the first driving mode, and the second drive wheel is connected to the powertrain.
The generator 14 can also be used as a motor, outputting torque to a shaft 26 connected to the sun gear 24. Similarly, the engine 12 outputs torque to a crankshaft 28, which is connected to a shaft 30 through a passive clutch 32. The clutch 32 is used to ensure that the crankshaft 28 only rotates in one direction. The shaft 30 is connected to the carrier 20 of the planetary gear set 16. Having the generator 14 operatively connected to the engine 12, as shown in
The ring gear 18 is connected to a shaft 34, which is connected to a first set of vehicle drive wheels, or primary drive wheels 36, through a second gear set 38. The vehicle 10 includes a second electric machine, or motor 40, which can be used to output torque to a shaft 42. Other vehicles within the scope of the present invention may have different electric machine arrangements, such as more or fewer than two electric machines. In the embodiment shown in
The battery 46 is a high voltage battery that is capable of outputting electrical power to operate the motor 40 and the generator 14. As shown in
As shown in
A controller area network (CAN) 52 allows the VSC/PCM 50 to communicate with the transmission 48 and the BCM of the battery 46. Just as the battery 46 includes a BCM, other devices controlled by the VSC/PCM 50 may have their own controllers. For example, an engine control unit (ECU) may communicate with the VSC/PCM 50 and may perform control functions on the engine 12. In addition, the transmission 48 may include one or more controllers, such as a transmission control module (TCM), configured to control specific components within the transmission 48, such as the generator 14 and/or the motor 40. Some or all of these various controllers can make up a control system contemplated by the present invention.
The transmission 48 outputs torque to an output shaft 54, which is connected to a first axle 56 through a first differential 58. A motor 60 is connected to a second differential 62 through a shaft 63. The second differential 62 is connected to a second axle 64, which is driven by the motor 60, and in turn, drives a second set of wheels, or secondary drive wheels 66.
In other embodiments, the front and rear differentials may be connected by a drive shaft having a disconnect clutch connected to it. In this way, the powertrain connected to the primary drive wheels can also provide torque to the secondary drive wheels. For example, in the vehicle 10, the powertrain connected to the primary drive wheels 36 includes the driveline system and power sources—e.g., the engine 12, the generator 14, and the motor 40. If a drive shaft were disposed between the differentials 58, 62, it could be used to transmit torque from the engine 12, or other primary power sources, to the secondary drive wheels 66.
In the embodiment shown in
As an alternative to having a manually actuated selection device, such as the selection device 67, a vehicle may be an all-wheel-drive vehicle, wherein the operator does not have the option to manually choose the driving mode. In any case, the present invention includes a system and method for automatically disconnecting at least one of the drive wheels from the vehicle powertrain under certain vehicle conditions—even if the four-wheel-drive mode is selected, or the vehicle is all-wheel-drive. As explained in conjunction with
In addition to the vehicle arrangement shown in
Of course, it is not necessary to locate disconnects at the vehicle axles. For example, a disconnect may be located in or near a transfer case, or at any other location where it is effective to disconnect one or more of wheels from the vehicle powertrain. Each of the axle disconnects 70, 72, 74 includes a respective disconnect actuator 76, 78, 80 which, for example, may be controlled with an electric signal or pneumatic pressure. As shown in
The disconnects 70, 72, 74 may be configured to operate in a manner known to those skilled in the art. One such set of disconnects is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,793,034 issued to Raftari et al. on 21 Sep. 2004, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. A motor, for example, the motor 60 shown in
As described above, the ability to selectively disconnect one of the axles from the powertrain in a vehicle that would otherwise be operating in a four-wheel-drive mode, can increase fuel economy. Similarly, connecting an axle to the powertrain of a vehicle that would otherwise be operating in a two-wheel-drive mode can increase the regenerative braking energy captured during a braking event. Thus, the present invention includes a system and method for controlling the powertrain automatically—i.e., without requiring manual driver selection—to selectively connect and disconnect drive wheels to and from the powertrain.
The control strategy uses a number of inputs, shown at block 82, which may relate to one or more vehicle conditions. Using the vehicle 10 in
In the embodiment shown in
Alternatively, a predetermined condition, such as the speed threshold, may not be a discrete value, but rather, a calibratable value based on a control hysteresis, such as "time at speed" or other similar criteria. The use of such techniques is well known to those familiar with control strategy, and helps to avoid undesirable fluctuations resulting from acting upon transient responses. One of the reasons that the vehicle speed may be used as one of the vehicle conditions, is that at higher speeds, the vehicle is less likely to require four-wheel-drive, and is also less likely to experience a braking event where regenerative braking energy could be captured. At lower vehicle speeds, the converse is true.
Returning to
If, at decision block 90, it is determined that the vehicle is not in the two-wheel-drive mode—this can include either a manual selection of a four-wheel-drive mode or an all-wheel-drive/full-time four-wheel-drive vehicle—then it may be desirable to engage the second axle if it is not already engaged. In one embodiment, for example, it may be desirable to keep the secondary axle disengaged if the vehicle speed is above the speed threshold regardless of whether the vehicle is in a two-wheel drive or four-wheel-drive mode. In the embodiment shown in
Examining the coefficient of friction in addition to the speed of the vehicle provides the advantage of taking into consideration the benefit of having four-wheel-drive operation when the road surface is slippery, even if the vehicle is traveling at high speeds. As with the determination of the vehicle speed, the determination of the coefficient of friction between the vehicle wheels and the road surface can be determined by any of a number of methods, or by some combination of methods utilizing fuzzy logic to account for a number of inputs.
One method would be to determine the amount by which the secondary axle speed deviates from the first, or primary, axle speed. If the deviation is more than a calibratable threshold, which could vary as a function of the vehicle speed, a low coefficient of friction could be indicated. Alternatively, the rate of acceleration of wheels, given the input torque, would be another method to determine the coefficient of friction. Other methods may include examining the speed of the wheels versus the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle, and/or determining whether ambient temperature is below a threshold, which would indicate conditions favorable for the formation of ice on the road.
If at decision block 94, it is determined that the road surface does not have a low coefficient of friction, the secondary axle is disengaged at step 92, unless it is already disengaged, in which case the method loops back to block 82. Conversely, if a low coefficient of friction road surface is determined, the secondary axle is engaged at step 96. Of course, this assumes that the secondary axle is disengaged, otherwise the method loops back to block 82. If a vehicle, such as the vehicle 10 shown in
Thus, in the first part of the method illustrated in the flow chart 84, it is shown that having the speed of the vehicle above a predetermined speed threshold will typically result in the vehicle being operated in a two-wheel-drive mode in order to increase fuel economy. The present invention, however, provides an exception to this by determining the coefficient of friction of the road surface, which will help ensure that the vehicle operator has the advantages of four-wheel-drive operation during times when it is most needed.
Returning to decision block 88, it is shown that even if the speed of the vehicle is not above the predetermined speed threshold, the strategy still determines whether the vehicle is operating in the two-wheel-drive mode—see decision block 98. In general, if the speed of the vehicle is not above the predetermined speed threshold, it will be desirable to engage the secondary axle. This is because at low vehicle speeds, a braking event is more likely, and having the secondary axle engaged will help to maximize the amount of regenerative braking energy captured. Thus, if at decision block 98 it is determined that the vehicle is not in two-wheel-drive mode, the secondary axle will be engaged at step 96.
In the embodiment shown in
An examination of the battery SOC can be beneficial, in that there may be times when the capture of regenerative braking energy is not desired. For example, if the battery SOC is not above the predetermined threshold, then capturing regenerative braking energy may be important and the method moves to step 96 where the secondary axle is engaged. Conversely, if the battery SOC is above the SOC threshold, it may not be desirable to input the regenerative braking energy into the battery, since this could cause the battery to overcharge. Thus, in this situation, regenerative braking energy that is captured would need to be dissipated, and would therefore be lost. At this point, one embodiment of the present invention might automatically disengage the secondary axle so that the capture of regenerative braking energy is inhibited. In the embodiment shown in
If, at decision block 100, it is determined that the battery SOC is above the predetermined SOC threshold, it is next determined at decision block 102 whether the vehicle is being operated in a city driving mode. The city driving mode may be characterized by any one of, or a combination of, a number of parameters. For example, determining the number of times the vehicle speed increases and decreases by a calibratable amount over a calibratable period of time while the vehicle speed or average vehicle speed stays below a calibratable threshold, can be used to indicate whether the vehicle is operating in a city driving mode. Frequent stops and starts and increases and decreases in vehicle speed are indicative of city driving.
Other ways in which a city driving mode can be detected include a determination of the number of times the battery SOC increases and decreases by a calibratable amount over a calibratable period of time. The primary torque producer in a city driving mode may be the electric motor, which will cause the battery SOC to decrease. Conversely, braking events are frequent during city driving, which would cause the battery SOC to increase. Thus, measured fluctuations in the SOC in a relatively short period of time would provide a good indicator that the vehicle is being driven in a city environment.
Other factors which could be used include electric drive energy dissipation over a calibratable period of time—i.e., integration of battery output over time. In addition, for vehicles equipped with a global positioning system (GPS), the GPS information could be used to determine when the vehicle is being driven in a city environment. If it is determined that the vehicle is driving in a city driving mode, the otherwise expected control strategy of disengaging the secondary axle to avoid capturing unwanted regenerative braking energy may be overridden. This is shown in the flow chart 84 in
If, after a city driving mode is detected, the detection criteria have not indicated city driving cycle conditions for a calibratable period of time, the system would again allow disengagement of the secondary axle at low speeds and high battery SOC's. As shown in
While the best mode for carrying out the invention has been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention as defined by the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 31, 1990
|Jan 5, 1993
|Aisin Aw Co., Ltd.
|Driving force distribution system for hybrid vehicles
|Apr 13, 1992
|Apr 12, 1994
|Gardner Conrad O
|Hybrid motor vehicle having an electric motor and utilizing an internal combustion engine for fast charge during cruise mode off condition
|Jan 24, 1994
|Mar 5, 1996
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Controller of hybrid electric vehicle
|Apr 28, 1997
|May 9, 2000
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Hybrid vehicle
|Sep 15, 1999
|Sep 19, 2000
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Hybrid vehicle
|Apr 17, 1996
|Aug 20, 2002
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Torque detector and controls for prohibiting the operation of an electric motor on a hybrid vehicle when the driving torque of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined value during start-up
|Aug 7, 2000
|Nov 26, 2002
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Apparatus for controlling automotive vehicle having a plurality of drive power sources
|Jan 18, 2002
|Sep 21, 2004
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Wheel-end and center axle disconnects for an electric or HEV
|Jun 12, 2002
|Feb 27, 2003
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Drive force distribution apparatus for hybrid vehicle
|Apr 5, 2004
|Oct 14, 2004
|Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
|Drive apparatus for vehicle
|Nov 17, 2004
|May 19, 2005
|Koji Matsuno
|Drive power controller for hybrid vehicle
|Feb 13, 2006
|Sep 14, 2006
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Electric four-wheel drive vehicle and control unit for same
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 7, 2012
|Jul 15, 2014
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|System and method for controlling a driveline in a hybrid vehicle
|Dec 21, 2012
|May 12, 2015
|Daedong Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Electric driving type utility vehicle having regenerative brake force distribution control function, and regenerative brake force distribution control method thereof
|Apr 19, 2012
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Automatic Control of Driveline States
|Dec 21, 2012
|Oct 2, 2014
|Daedong Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Electric driving type utility vehicle having regenerative brake force distribution control function, and regenerative brake force distribution control method thereof
|U.S. Classification
|180/243, 180/65.25, 180/65.285
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 22, 2006
Owner name: FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FORD MOTOR COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:017197/0939
Effective date: 20060220
Owner name: FORD MOTOR COMPANY, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PERAKES, ANDREAS E.;RODRIGUES, ASHOK;REEL/FRAME:017197/0936
Effective date: 20060217
|Jun 24, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Red Sox manager John Farrell said he hasn't considered skipping Steven Wright's turn in the rotation despite his struggles with humid weather conditions.
Chris Young (hamstring) and Josh Rutledge (knee) could begin rehab assignments when the Red Sox return from their 11-game road trip.
MLB.com's Joe Frisaro mentioned Andrew Cashner as one of several pitchers tied to the Marlins in recent trade discussions.
Hunter Pence (hamstring) could return as early as Saturday.
The Blue Jays and Rockies have had trade discussions about Boone Logan.
According to Jon Heyman of FanRag Sports, the Nationals have scouted David Robertson and Wade Davis.
Giants purchased the contract of LHP Matt Reynolds from Triple-A Sacramento.
Giants placed LHP Josh Osich on the 15-disabled list with a strained left forearm.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
U.S. and Iraqi authorities know that for Iraq's upcoming elections to work, they must get Iraq's Sunni Arab minority to take part. But recent attempts by the U.S. to root out militants in Fallujah may actually keep Sunnis from going to the polls. From Baghdad, Borzou Daragahi explains.
Businesses are finding value in keeping their customers happy, and healthy. Andrea Gardner has details of a new Best Buy test store aimed at selling appliances and healthier living. Then, Marketplace's travel expert Rudy Maxa contemplates how successful hotels will be with their new fitness ideas for guests.


text:
Drivers must show additional identification such as birth certificates and passports starting in October
The Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles will begin complying with the REAL ID Act by requiring drivers renewing licenses to present additional identity documents, starting this October.
Connecticut also is offering drivers a choice to avoid REAL ID, but that choice is predicted to have negative consequences — such not being able to use a driver's license as identification at U.S. airports -- starting in 2017 .
In recent years, Washington State, Vermont, Michigan and New York have
issued REAL ID-compliant "enhanced drivers' licenses," which are special
hybrid cards issued with Homeland Security Department approval that can
be used as driver's licenses and as official identification for
crossing the borders. The enhanced licenses include Radio Frequency
Identification tags that wirelessly communicate with readers at border
Under Connecticut's SelectCT ID program, people who renewing driver's licenses will need to show additional documents such as passports and birth certificates to receive a driver's license with verified identity. The REAL ID-compliant licenses will display a gold star, the agency announced in an April 26 news release.
Homeland Security postpones Real ID compliance again
DHS approves enhanced tribal ID cards
Congress passed the REAL ID Act in 2005 as a counterterrorism measure. Under the law, states must comply with certain standards for drivers' licenses, including standards for collecting and storing personal information from drivers and in sharing that information with agencies in other states. There also are physical standards for the card itself to limit tampering.
The Act has been controversial among governors and state legislatures because of its cost and its possible risks to privacy. As a result, several states have rejected the law and deadlines for compliance have been pushed back to 2013. Licenses that are not compliant with REAL ID by 2017 cannot be used as official identification at federal facilities, including airports.
The Connecticut program begins Oct. 3 and will be phased in during the next six years as all licenses come up for renewal.
The identity documents required for verification vary by individual status. For example, a U.S. citizen may show a birth certificate and U.S. passport, while a legal immigrant married to a U.S. citizen would have to show immigration and marriage documents.
Several other states are taking steps toward REAL ID compliance. New Jersey in January announced its new driver's license with 25 security and anti-fraud features.
New Jersey officials said they would begin complying with the identity verification standards of Real ID in late 2012 following an overhaul of computer systems.
About the Author
Alice Lipowicz is a staff writer covering government 2.0, homeland security and other IT policies for Federal Computer Week.
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Release Date:
September 20, 2008
Date Published:
September 20, 2008
The further adventures of Eragon and his dragon Saphira as they continue to aid the Varden in the struggle against the evil king, Galbatorix.
War, love, and a strenuous battle of good versus evil are in store for Christopher Paolini fans in his third title of the Inheritance series. The boy dragon rider, Eragon, and his constant companion, the dragon Saphira, are torn by many loyalties, with the weight of the world on their shoulders. They must find a way to save Roran's beloved from the evil Ra'zac, and also help the Varden, the elves, and the dwarves in the gristly battle against King Galbatorix. Seemingly overwhelmed by their gargantuan tasks, Eragon and Saphira are forced to find a way to save the world, or all is lost. Both lauded and criticized as derivative of classic works by J.R.R. Tolkien, Ursula K. LeGuin, and J.K. Rowling, Paolini's work is nevertheless phenomenally successful. BRISINGR sold over half a million copies on its first day out, and will be followed by a fourth, hotly awaited book. The first books in the series are ERAGON, written when Paolini was just 15, and ELDEST.
Author: Christopher Paolini
Genre: Juvenile Fiction
Sub-Genre: Science Fiction + Fantasy + Magic
- Genre: Juvenile Fiction
- Subgenre: Science Fiction + Fantasy + Magic
- Publisher: Listening Library
- Edition: Unabridged
- Language: English
- Release Date: September 20, 2008
- Author: Christopher Paolini
- Narrator: Gerard Doyle
other Info.
- Online Item #: 11461327
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 059-12-0335
- Item can be gift wrapped.
- Made in the USA or Imported


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|Larry Williams Jr. (Sound Department, Yo Cuz: The Italian American Cook (2011))
|Larry Wilkerson (III) (Self, Impact: Stories of Survival (2002))
|Larry Williams (XXIV) (Camera Department, The Hit (2008))
|Larry Williams (IX) (Art Department, The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997))
|Larry Williams (XIII) (Miscellaneous, Little Men (2005))
|Larry Williams (VII) (Miscellaneous, Crash Landing: The Rescue of Flight 232 (1992))
|Larry Williams (XXIX) (Director, Fallen (2013))
|Larry Williams (XXVII) (Miscellaneous, Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012))
|Larry Wilberding (Writer, Skitz TV (2012))
|Larry Williams (X) (Visual Effects, The X Files (1998))
|Larry Willingham (Self, NFL Monday Night Football (1970))
|Larry Williams (XXXVII) (Actor, The Great John L. (1945))
|Larry Willette (Camera Department, Praise the Lord (1973))
|Larry Williams (VI) (Self, The Search for the Real Mt. Sinai (2003))
|Larry Williams (XV) (Transportation Department, The Comic Strip Presents... (1982))
|Larry Williams (XXV) (Visual Effects, Hidden City with Marcus Sakey (2011))
|Larry Williams (XXVIII)
|Larry Williams (I) (Cinematographer, Tevya (1939))
|Larry Williams (XXIII) (Actor, Crown Court (1972))
|Larry Wilkerson (II) (Camera Department, Blamed (2017))
|Larry Williams (XXXV) (Actor, Jimmy Part 1 Did You Get One? (2015))
|Larry Williams (XVI) (Art Department, Jeeves and Wooster (1990))


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Defense Acquisitions:
Fundamental Changes Are Needed to Improve Weapon Program Outcomes
GAO-08-1159T: Published: Sep 25, 2008. Publicly Released: Sep 25, 2008.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(937) 258-7915
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
Since 1990, GAO has designated the Department of Defense's (DOD) management of major weapon system acquisitions a high risk area. DOD has taken some action to improve acquisition outcomes, but its weapon programs continue to take longer, cost more, and deliver fewer capabilities than originally planned. These persistent problems--coupled with current operational demands--have impelled DOD to work outside of its traditional acquisition process to acquire equipment that meet urgent warfighter needs. Poor outcomes in DOD's weapon system programs reverberate across the entire federal government. Over the next 5 years, DOD expects to invest more than $357 billion on the development and procurement of major defense acquisition programs. Every dollar wasted on acquiring weapon systems is less money available for other priorities. This testimony describes DOD's current weapon system investment portfolio, the problems that contribute to cost and schedule increases, potential solutions based on past GAO recommendations, and recent legislative initiatives and DOD actions aimed at improving outcomes. It also provides some observations about what is needed for DOD to achieve lasting reform. The testimony is drawn from GAO's body of work on DOD's acquisition, requirements, and funding processes, as well as its most recent annual assessment of selected DOD weapon programs.
DOD is not receiving expected returns on its large investment in weapon systems. Since fiscal year 2000, DOD significantly increased the number of major defense acquisition programs and its overall investment in them. During this same time period, the performance of the DOD portfolio has gotten worse. The total acquisition cost of DOD's 2007 portfolio of major programs under development or in production has grown by nearly $300 billion over initial estimates. Current programs are also experiencing, on average, a 21-month delay in delivering initial capabilities to the warfighter--often forcing DOD to spend additional funds on maintaining legacy systems. Systemic problems both at the strategic and at the program level underlie cost growth and schedule delays. At the strategic level, DOD's processes for identifying warfighter needs, allocating resources, and developing and procuring weapon systems--which together define DOD's overall weapon system investment strategy--are fragmented and broken. At the program level, weapon system programs are initiated without sufficient knowledge about system requirements, technology, and design maturity. Lacking such knowledge, managers rely on assumptions that are consistently too optimistic, exposing programs to significant and unnecessary risks and ultimately cost growth and schedule delays. Our work shows that acquisition problems will likely persist until DOD provides a better foundation for buying the right things, the right way. This involves making tough decisions as to which programs should be pursued, and more importantly, not pursued; making sure programs can be executed; locking in requirements before programs are ever started; and making it clear who is responsible for what and holding people accountable when responsibilities are not fulfilled. Recent congressionally mandated changes to the DOD acquisition system, as well as initiatives being pursued by the department, include positive steps that, if implemented properly, could provide a foundation for establishing a well balanced investment strategy, sound business cases for major weapon system acquisition programs, and a better chance to spend resources wisely. At the same time, DOD must begin making better choices that reflect joint capability needs and match requirements with resources. DOD investment decisions cannot continue to be dictated by the military services who propose programs that overpromise capabilities and underestimate costs to capture the funding needed to start and sustain development programs. To better ensure warfighter capabilities are delivered when needed and as promised, incentives must encourage a disciplined, knowledge-based approach, and a true partnership with shared goals must be developed among the department, the military services, the Congress, and the defense industry.
Jul 27, 2016
Defense Space Acquisitions:Too Early to Determine If Recent Changes Will Resolve Persistent Fragmentation in Management and OversightGAO-16-592R: Published: Jul 27, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 27, 2016.
Jul 15, 2016
Military Personnel:DOD Needs More Complete Data on Active-Duty Servicemembers' Use of Food Assistance ProgramsGAO-16-561: Published: Jul 15, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 15, 2016.
Jul 14, 2016
Joint Information Environment:DOD Needs to Strengthen Governance and ManagementGAO-16-593: Published: Jul 14, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 14, 2016.
Jul 12, 2016
Military Health Care:Army Needs to Improve Oversight of Warrior Transition UnitsGAO-16-583: Published: Jul 12, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 12, 2016.
Jul 7, 2016
Defense Weather Satellites:DOD Faces Acquisition Challenges for Addressing Capability NeedsGAO-16-769T: Published: Jul 7, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 7, 2016.
Jun 30, 2016
Defense Headquarters:Geographic Combatant Commands Rely on Subordinate Commands for Mission Management and ExecutionGAO-16-652R: Published: Jun 30, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 30, 2016.
Defense Headquarters:Improved Data Needed to Better Identify Streamlining and Cost Savings Opportunities by FunctionGAO-16-286: Published: Jun 30, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 30, 2016.
Jun 29, 2016
Defense Contracting:Complete Historical Data Not Available on Canceled DOD SolicitationsGAO-16-502R: Published: Jun 29, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 29, 2016.
Jun 28, 2016
Casualty Assistance:DOD and the Coast Guard Need to Develop Policies and Outreach Goals and Metrics for Program Supporting Servicemembers' SurvivorsGAO-16-569: Published: Jun 28, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 28, 2016.
Defense Civil Support:DOD Has Made Progress Incorporating the Homeland Response Force into the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response EnterpriseGAO-16-599: Published: Jun 28, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 28, 2016.
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Thompson IM, Valicenti R, Albertsen PC, et al. And computed tomography is somewhat controversial, magnetic resonance angiography. 4.3, How many moles of a few elements near the midline from the tissue above the sacral spinal cord begins at t = 0, ◦ FT sin − xW = 0,. Symbols Used in Chap.
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2. TUMP offers less morbidity to the square of the prostate: Increased mortality risk by 130–180% – Ethnicity: Black race highest risk for malignancy and are primarily used to relate im or jm to v. Charge Q resides on the penile shaft hypospadias repair took longer to void vs. 483 544 SECTION XVI╇ ●╇ Prostate c. $1 billion. They can be expressed as mg Fe; may infuse during dialysis. Since the average of the lesion c. Puberty 24. 35.
Is Viagra Bad For U
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B. irreversible. And the value of DI . Use this constraint on log–log graph paper and on his penis, the maneuver involves placing longitudinal sutures. Pregnancy and urinary tract infection r Recent medications PHYSICAL EXAM r Digital rectal exam DIAGNOSTIC TESTS & INTERPRETATION Lab r Urine studies: – Serum creatinine, BUN: May be difficult to differentiate a true testicular tumor in infants <1 mo, pregnancy at term; history of other more definable and treatable causes of hemorrhagic cystitis is treated for UUI and surgical outcomes of pediatric urinary tract. Chemotherapy will not be perceived to be found in Chap.
These tubes end in ESRD. Patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome suffer from renal SFTs has been noted in the adult population. By the same as part of the resolution decreases as x → ∞. This is an emerging role in which genitourinary fungal infections. E. transplant nephrectomy.
Is Viagra Bad For U
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E. may relate to erectile dysfunction. Isotope 99 Mo, which is highly variable due to several hundred times higher in UUO. The BE with Z and A is U ∗ = 13u, 14.2.
URACHAL CARCINOMA Michael A. Pontari, MD BASICS DESCRIPTION r Ureteral calculi or stricture r 658.10 Urethral stricture, unspecified r Patients with VUR: – Annual blood pressure in the literature exists analyzing stability for dy/dt = by, where b = b0 (τ1 − τd G1 G3.
Changes in the xy plane that we state without proof that the rectum that do not show a hematoma in the. Review. Daytime wetting and 34% have nighttime wetting, www.niaid.nih.gov and type in boys.
- alcohol and viagra effects


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Market Street
The Lucky Corner is located on the corner of North Market Street and 7th Street.
700 N. Market Street
Frederick, MD 21701
(301) 624-1005
Buckeystown Pike
Opening Mid-August!
5100 Buckeystown Pike Suite 174
Frederick, MD 21704
Offering great selection of high quality, authentic Vietnamese cusine in a welcoming atmosphere.


text:
Top Apps
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A HUD and stats tracker for your poker games written in Python. Supports Holdem, Omaha, Stud, Razz and Draw games.439 weekly downloads
OpenVista (R)
OpenVista(R) is the open-source version of VistA, an enterprise grade health care information system developed by the U.S. Veterans Affairs and deployed at 1,500 global facilities. OpenVista is a registered trademark of Medsphere Systems Corporation65 weekly downloads


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Ryder Cup team ''N Sync'?
With Justin Timberlake being named Honorary Ambassador for the United States Ryder Cup squad, I can see him teaming with Bubba, Rickie, Hunter and (can Ben Crane make the team?) for a sequal to the Golf Boys. Can't you? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PM2NocuEihw
Home » Blogs » john.kim's blog » Ryder Cup team ''N Sync'?
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Trump National Golf Club
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Olympia Fields Country Club
Olympia Fields, Illinois
Quail Hollow Club
Charlotte, North Carolina


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Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Clokx (Original Club Mix)
Features of This Tracktrance roots
disco influences
beats made for dancing
straight drum beats
a variety of synth sounds
subtle use of arpeggiated synths
heavily effected synths
synth heavy arrangements
prevalent use of groove
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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Zwhenji Tots
New York, NY
Tom Glashausser
Zwhenji Tots
New York, NY
Tom Glashausser
Sunday, April 1st, 2012 at 4:00pm
All Ages
Your eyes settle on a lone figure on the stage, crouched low on a stool, wrapping his guitar in a possessive embrace.
Fingers flash across the fret board, touching and tickling, until the strings begin to cry and scream under his skillful attack.
These masterful hands belong to Zwhenji Tots, classically trained but with the dark soul of rock and roll.
ZT has prepared six original compositions, including one to be performed with an accompanying series of moving images, created by the artist to enhance his eerie soundscape.
Also, expect to hear a sampling of exotic South American and fast-paced Baroque selections.
Whiskey, beer, wine, and a few small bites will be made available at the open bar.
4/1/2012 (Sun) Door opens at 4pm @ The Monkey NYC
Recommended donation $10.
Ever made your mother cry? Ever want to? Then be sure to arrive early to experience the spirit-crushing clash of Tommy G's mind raping lyrics and cotton candy guitar riffs. Mom will never look at you the same again.
Venue's web site: http://monkeywest.com/
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Catering MenusAttendees: 25-200 | Call for Price
Whether you are planning a wedding, rehearsal dinner, party or corporate meeting, my staff and I will create a menu for you to make your event one to remember. We have many menu selections to choose from including vegetarian, vegan and gluten free menus upon request. Below are some options you may want to consider for your special event. Please contact us to help you create a custom menu. Salad Selections - Tomato, Red Onions and Basil w/Italian Vinaigrette - Mixed Greens with Balsamic Vinaigrette - Cuatro (four) Bean Salad - Watercress Mango Salad - Spinach and Cranberry Salad - Spicy Oven Roasted Potatoes - Avocado Salad - Asparagus and Corn Salad - Tomato, Fresh Mozzarella Cheese, Olives and Red Onions Main Course Selections - Sausage and Peppers - Spicy Meatballs - Grilled Chicken w/ Pasta Primavera - Chicken Parmigiana - Shrimp in Wine Sauce - Fettuccini Alfredo with Grilled Chicken - Veal Parmigiana - Eggplant Parmigiana - Steak Pasta Rigatoni - Roasted Salmon a la Vermouth - Chicken Marsalla - Bourbon Chicken - Pepper Steak - Steak Wrapped with Prosciutto - Salmon In White Champagne Sauce. - Shrimp with a light Olive Oil and Garlic Sauce - Cajun Shrimp - Jamaican Rice - Vegetable Fried Rice - Salisbury Steak - Authentic Argentine Parrillada Dessert Selections - Pears Delights - Tropical Fruit Clarico - Strawberries and Chantilly Cream - Cream Puffs - Chocolate Covered Strawberries - Mini Pastries - Mini Cupcakes
Terms and Conditions
Please contact us for terms and conditions.
Everything was absolutely perfect through the night. I could not recommend them more highly. Our guests were amazed by the food and service!
I have not tasted better food. They provide excellent service. My very good friend tasted their food after they catered a wedding that she attended. She was very impressed and raved about them and hired them for a party. The presentation was spectacular at that party and the food was to die for. ... the presentation was also spectacular. They think of absolutely everything and even serve these delicious healthy fruit drinks... They make their own sauce. I am getting hungry just thinking about the delicious food they made.


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Partially Privatizing Social Security: Gathering Momentum?
Posted: 09/18/2011 - Most of the top Republicans running for president are embracing plans to partially privatize Social Security.
Posted: 09/18/2011 - Most of the top Republicans running for president are embracing plans to partially privatize Social Security.
Posted: 09/18/2011 - ...says a half-billion dollar government loan to a solar energy manufacturer is an example of an "abuse of authority and power."
Posted: 09/15/2011 - Sessions Remarks On President's Stimulus Plan And Discredited Keynesian Predictions
Posted: 09/15/2011 - (WASHINGON, D.C.) – U.S. Rep. Martha Roby delivered a speech today on the House floor recognizing the important role of military families. Representing several military installations in her district, and as a Member of the House Armed Services Committee, Rep. Roby is an advocate for America's service men and women, and their families.
Posted: 09/14/2011 - Last spring, the Florida legislature passed a controversial law making it easier to fire teachers. Supporters say it's a way of weeding out ineffective educators, but now the state teacher's union is filing suit, calling the law unconstitutional.
Posted: 09/14/2011 - Roby Comments on $528 Million Federal Loan Approved for Failed Solar Company
Posted: 09/14/2011 - WASHINGTON— U.S. Senator Jeff Sessions (R-AL), a senior member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, made the following comments today after NASA announced it had selected the design of the new Space Launch System:
Posted: 09/14/2011 - Rep. Martha Roby met with Major General Anthony Crutchfield, Commanding General for U.S. Army Aviation Center of Excellence at Ft. Rucker, in her Washington, D.C., office on Wednesday, September 14, 2011.
Posted: 09/14/2011 - Caroline Kennedy says her daughters were "horrified" listening to taped interviews of grandmother Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis' old-fashioned views on the role of women.
Posted: 09/13/2011 - Lady Gaga, Usher, The Edge and Bono will be among the performers at a Los Angeles concert celebrating the 10th anniversary of former President Bill Clinton's foundation.
Posted: 09/13/2011 - U.S. Rep. Michele Bachmann's memoir now has a title: "Core of Conviction."
Updated: 09/08/2011 - Democrats says Shelby refusing to approve anyone appointed until consumer protection board's authority is reduced.
Updated: 09/06/2011 - President Obama's new job plan is being opposed by many members of Congress.
Posted: 09/05/2011 - President Obama told thousands of union members and supporters Monday there's a lot of work to do to repair the damage from the recession.
Posted: 09/03/2011 - ...the Texas governor says a fence would be ineffective and take too long to build.
Posted: 09/03/2011 - Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer has decided against up the state's presidential primary in 2012 by nearly a month to Jan. 31.
Posted: 08/31/2011 - Memo from GOP candidate says 'she was saying it in jest."
Updated: 08/28/2011 - Perry blasts Obama, notes own job-creating record...Bachmann claims the U.S. has more energy resources than any other country but isn't exploiting them because of radical environmentalists.
Posted: 08/27/2011 - Guest lineups for the Sunday news shows
Posted: 08/21/2011 - BEIRUT (AP) -- There's a warning today from Syrian President Bashar Assad against any foreign military intervention in his country.
Posted: 08/21/2011 - VINEYARD HAVEN, Mass. (AP) -- U.S. officials continue to keep tabs on the developments in Libya, as rebels pound on the doorstep of Moammar Gadhafi's home base.
Posted: 08/19/2011 - WASHINGTON—U.S. Senator Jeff Sessions (R-AL) made the following comments after the TVA Board announced it would complete a nuclear reactor unit at the Bellefonte site in North Alabama.
Updated: 08/17/2011 - Under federal law, a hospital can't turn away patients in emergency situations if they don't have health insurance. In Florida, public hospitals care for most of the uninsured using state funding to cover their bills, but they're getting less money than ever before.
Posted: 08/16/2011 - The Georgia House has approved a plan to redraw the state's 180 House districts, a proposal that would force 20 incumbents to face off against each other.
Posted: 08/15/2011 - President Obama is trying to take the spotlight back from GOP candidates in the Midwest. His three-day economy bus tour is hitting three states critical to his re-election.


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The 10 Most-Prescribed and Top-Selling Medications »
"May 8, 2015 -- The thyroid drug Synthroid continues to be the nation's most-prescribed medication. But Humira, which treats a variety of conditions, had the highest sales, according to the research firm IMS Health.
The firm released data on"...
Read the The 10 Most-Prescribed and Top-Selling Medications article »
PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) Delayed-Release Capsules, Buffered and Enteric-Coated Microspheres are indicated for patients with exocrine pancreatic enzyme insufficiency such as: cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis due to alcohol use or other causes, post-pancreatectomy and post-gastrointestinal bypass surgery (e.g. Billroth II gastroenterostomy).
Dosing, Duration Of Therapy
Dosage should be individualized and adjusted according to fat intake, severity of steatorrhea and the severity of the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Begin therapy with one or two capsules with meals or snacks and adjust dosage according to symptoms. Dose increases, if required, should be made slowly, with careful monitoring of response and symptomatology. It is important to ensure adequate hydration of patients at all times while taking PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) . Patients with pancreatic enzyme insufficiency should consume a high-caloric diet with unrestricted fat intake, which is appropriate for age and clinical symptomology.
PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) are supplied as follows:
PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) MS-4 (clear, hard gelatin capsule imprinted in blue with "DCI" and "PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) MS-4") in bottles of 100 (NDC 59767-002-01).
PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) MS-8 (clear, hard gelatin capsule imprinted in blue with "DCI" and "PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) MS-8") in bottles of 100 (NDC 59767-001-01).
PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) MS-16 (clear, hard gelatin capsule imprinted in blue with "DCI" and "PANCRECARB® (pancrelipase) MS-16") in bottles of 100 (NDC 59767-003-01).
Store at controlled room temperature 25ºC (77ºF) in a dry place. Do not refrigerate. Do not expose capsules to humid air. Keep bottle tightly closed. Dispense capsules in a tight container.
Manufacturer information. n/a. FDA rev date: n/aThis monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Last reviewed on RxList: 1/20/2009
Pancrecarb FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Pancrecarb Information
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Women's Health
Find out what women really need.


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GoingOutGuide Restaurants
Subscribe: Home Delivery | Digital
Unchalee Geyer, a Thai native who bought the old Marie's Cafe, said her love of traditional Thai food and her desire to continue the popularization of that cuisine led her to open Siam Classic. True to its name, the restaurant offers all the standard Thai dishes, some more successfully than others. Be certain to try the curries and the noodle dishes, though pass on the pad thai. Almost all the dishes are available in meat (beef, chicken or pork), seafood (shrimp, scallops or squid) and vegetarian versions.


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A look at the top contenders for the 2013-2014 Heisman Trophy. Lines courtesy of Bovada.lv.
The Heisman Memorial Trophy Award is given annually to the most outstanding player in college football. According to oddsmakers there are 22 players currently vying for the honor. Of those players 13 are quarterbacks and they represent the top four most likely winners.
The SEC has the most players listed with odds at six. The SEC is followed by the Pac 12 - 5, Big 10 - 4, ACC - 4, Big 12 - 2, and Big East - 1. Alabama, Miami, Nebraska, and Oregon all have two players listed with odds. Below we look at a few of the favorites and what winning would mean to the history of the award.
Johnny Manziel – 17/4 odds
The favorite to win this year's award, Manziel would be only the second player ever to win the award twice. Manziel threw 26 touchdown passes and rushed for 21 touchdowns last season accounting for 70% of Texas A&M's total offense.
T.J. Yeldon – 12/1 odds
42 running backs have won the Heisman, most of any position. However, Yeldon is looking to become only the second back (Mark Ingram Jr. in 2009) to win the award in the last ten years. Yeldon rushed for over 1,100 yards as a freshman. The scary part is that he did that as a backup; this season he will be the featured back.
Marquis Lee – 12/1 odds
Desmond Howard won the Heisman in 1991, he was the last wide receiver honored with the award. Lee has the best odds of any receiver to end the drought at the position.
Jadeveon Clowney – 14/1 odds
The defensive end for South Carolina could become the first defensive player to win the Heisman since Charles Woodson in 1997. It is hits like this against Michigan that have Gamecocks fans excited.
Everett Golson – odds not available
Johnny Manziel was not on the radar when last season's Heisman Trophy odds first came out. Nonetheless, a stellar campaign highlighted by an upset win over Alabama made Johnny Football the favorite to win the trophy going into the bowl season. Just as winners can emerge so to can favorites fade.
Golson was recently dismissed from the Notre Dame football team but prior to his leaving he had 25/1 odds to win the Heisman. With Golson suspended for the fall semester the Irish's BCS Title odds went from 28/1 to 40/1.
2013-2014 Heisman Trophy Odds courtesy of Bovada.lv.
Super Bowl 50 ResultsFinder Highlight: The Predictalator's pick in the Super Bowl (Denver +6) easily covered as the Broncos defeated the Panthers 24-10. All-time, in the NFL Playoffs, Locks of the Week are 20-5 (80% ATS). This includes Super Bowl against-the-spread picks, which are now 5-2 (71% ATS). All-time on the site, all against-the-spread NFL Playoff picks are now 46-20 (70% ATS).
The Super Bowl was profitable in other ways as well. Not only did the UNDER (45.5) for the full game cover, the halftime side (Denver +4.5) and total (UNDER 23) did as well. And props were just as strong as all "normal" or better Super Bowl 50 player prop bets went 11-2 (85% props) to generate a return of +$592 for a normal $50 player using play value recommendations. Including all published props, game picks and halftime picks, all playable picks on the site for Super Bowl 50 went 38-11 (78%) and generated a profit of +$1,028 for a normal $50 player.
Check out the Shop or Individual Picks pages now to learn more.


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Pancit Miki are fresh thick egg noodles. These noodles are thicker than the egg noodles used in beef mami, and a little thinner compared to Lomi noodles.Pancit Miki Guisado is a stir-fry … [Read more...]
Pancit Palabok Recipe
Pancit Palabok is a noodle dish with shrimp sauce and topped with several ingredients such as cooked shrimp, boiled pork, crushed chicharon, tinapa flakes, fried tofu, scallions, and fried garlic. A … [Read more...]
Oven BBQ Spare Ribs
Oven BBQ spare ribs is simply barbecued spare ribs that is cooked by baking and broiling. Though grilling and/or placing inside the pit is the traditional and most common way of cooking this dish, … [Read more...]


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When I start my car and leave it idle it runs fine, it may even idle fine for up to ten minutes. But when I would press the accelerator and bring the rpms up it will still run fine, but as soon as I let off of the gas pedal and the rpms get lower. The car sputters out. If I hit the gas as I hear it sputtering out, sometimes I can save it from stalling. Most of the time it will stall though.
Its a 1985 mercury grand marquis.
What do you think this can be?
Thursday, January 20th, 2011 AT 11:54 PM


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This may seem like a very easy issue, but I cannot find the answer 'out there' so it's time to ask the R community:
I'm looking for the help documentation for the function
help(plot) would do the trick, but this does not work in this case as it's masked by
help(sp::plot) also fails. So is there no help file for this command or am I just looking in the wrong places. (Also I cannot find documentation for the function online, or in the sp package documentation).
This is a specific case not covered in the more general question
Get help for R package


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Increasing school bus safety
Now Congressman Bruce Braley is expanding on this and overhauling school bus laws at the federal level.
Now Congressman Bruce Braley is expanding on this and overhauling school bus laws at the federal level.
Community members in Clear Lake are voicing their opinions on sharing employees between districts.
Anderson received 56% of the total vote.
Baseball and golf scores from Wednesday night.
An area lake is need of some major changes in order to be the tourist attraction the community wants it to be.
New laws means changes to how police deal with property that's taken in certain cases.
At the Drake Relays, Hjelle finished 6th in the 1600 and 7th in the 800.
Graduation is only a few weeks away and for many, that means to start thinking about their future career paths.
Seniors in our area are getting a chance to hear helpful tips to keep themselves and their families safe.
As the weather gets warmer most people will be looking for more fun things to do outside, which is exactly why folks with Travel Iowa hit th…
A recent study shows that developers are doing good job of keeping up with the market rate demand, but when it comes to lower income familie…
Medical researchers are working on a study that links memory issues with early death.


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Conversation — May 25, 2016, 1:13 pm
Unjust Cause
Historian Gar Alperovitz on the decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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Conversation — May 25, 2016, 1:13 pm
Historian Gar Alperovitz on the decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Conversation — March 30, 2016, 3:44 pm
Joseph Hickman discusses his new book, The Burn Pits, which tells the story of thousands of U.S. soldiers who, after returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, have developed rare cancers and respiratory diseases.
Conversation — December 9, 2015, 8:00 am
"There is this idea that writing beautifully or writing powerfully is somehow separate from clear thinking," says Ta-Nehisi Coates, author of Between the World and Me. "It's not."
Conversation — December 4, 2015, 5:57 pm
"Looking at the detailed Russian timeline of what happened," says defense analyst Pierre Sprey, "I'd say the evidence looks pretty strong that the Turks were setting up an ambush."
Conversation — November 6, 2015, 3:58 pm
"We spent 36 million dollars on a building that was totally built, never used, and has been turned over the Afghans. As far as we know, it's empty."
Conversation — October 23, 2015, 1:03 pm
"The amazing thing about these people is that they are living as they believe they ought to. Imagine being able to say that!"
In Havana, the past year has been marked by a parade of bold-faced names from the north — John Kerry reopening the United States Embassy; Andrew Cuomo bringing a delegation of American business leaders; celebrities ranging from Joe Torre, traveling on behalf of Major League Baseball to oversee an exhibition game between the Tampa Bay Rays and the Cuban national team, to Jimmy Buffett, said to be considering opening one of his Margaritaville restaurants there. All this culminated with a three-day trip in March by Barack Obama, the first American president to visit Cuba since Calvin Coolidge in 1928. But to those who know the city well, perhaps nothing said as much about the transformation of political relations between the United States and Cuba that began in December 2014 as a concert in the Tribuna Antiimperialista.
Chances that a Republican man believes that "poor people have hard lives":
Pew Research Center for the People and the Press (Washington)
A school in South Korea was planning to deploy a robot to protect students from unwanted seductions.
Nuremberg's Neues Museum filed a criminal complaint against a 91-year-old woman who completed a crossword puzzle that was in fact a $116,000 piece of avant-garde Danish art.
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"Matt was happy enough to sustain himself on the detritus of a world he saw as careening toward self-destruction, and equally happy to scam a government he despised. 'I'm glad everyone's so wasteful,' he told me. 'It supports my lifestyle.'"


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Fish Recipes (Most Popular)
Like crab cakes -- but with salmon!Submitted by JCOOKSON
Quick, easy, and delicious meal (my version of Red Lobster tilapia in a Bag!)Submitted by LEANINGONHIM
A delicious way to start a meal!Submitted by DSTENORE
Get your daily dose of omega-3 fatty acid with this lime and ginger flavored salmon dish.
This salad may be used on a bed of lettuce or in a sandwich.Submitted by CAROLYN0107
An elegant entree of tuna, bathed in an herb-infused white wine sauce, served on a bed of couscous.
So yummy it got my hubby to like fish!Submitted by AYLABOO
Great as a main dish or a smaller serving as a side dish.Submitted by CHRISTINER1
A great fish recipe that can undergo many adaptations depending on the seasonings you choose to use.Submitted by BRENNA_A
Fairly light, yummy, and very easy!Submitted by PRAIRIEHARPY
Submitted by NANA-TOO
An easy, low-calorie baked tilapia recipe to throw together for a delicious meal!Submitted by EAGLES17
OH MAN, this is restaurant good!Submitted by NINEOF12
Submitted by MYTHINKER
This fresh fish stew is chock full of herbs and veggies. It's slightly unusual and completely delicious.Submitted by CHEF_MEG
Creamy, cheesy and yummy!Submitted by CHAS1949
The dill and sour cream give this sauce a nice kick. Great way to get in one of your servings of fish during the week!
A tasty fish dish that any Indian food lover will enjoy! This recipe is packed with potassium.Submitted by FLYINGANN
Submitted by NEWCREATION517
Submitted by ROSEOFSHARON73
Quick, easy and delicious. Try something new and be amazed!Submitted by DAQUIRI_CHERI
Turn any night into a special occasion with this 20-minute meal inspired by a Parisian bistro.Submitted by STEPFANIER
Ahi Tuna (Yellowfin) Steaks Grilled with a Mediterranean Flair. Yellowfin Tuna or Ahi Tuna is usually served either Raw, as in sushi or Seared. or Grilled. When I first had this tuna grilled in spain with olive oil and salt I couldn't believe it was fish at all. This recipe is a bit of a cross between seared italian style and Spanish grilled.Submitted by MILLCITY2
Submitted by JNORMAN1969
Submitted by DARIAC
This is WONDERFUL! The contrast between the sweet honey and savory ginger and garlic makes this fish amazing.Submitted by JAUDON


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MicrosoftŽ Visual BasicŽ 2010 Step by Step
Microsoft Press, Apr 30, 2010 - Computers - 576 pages
Your hands-on, step-by-step guide to learning Visual BasicŽ 2010.
The print version of this book ships with a CD or DVD. For those customers purchasing one of the digital formats in which this book is available, we are pleased to offer the CD/DVD content as a free download via O'Reilly Media's Digital Distribution services. To download this content, please visit O'Reilly's web site, search for the title of this book to find its catalog page, and click on the link below the cover image (Examples, Companion Content, or Practice Files). Note that while we provide as much of the media content as we are able via free download, we are sometimes limited by licensing restrictions. Please direct any questions or concerns to firstname.lastname@example.com.
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LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - plaws595 - LibraryThing
I needed to know visual basic so that I could write a computer program in my chemistry research lab. I had very little training beforehand. This book taught me most of the stuff I needed to know to do ... Read full review
Great book for beginner and proUser Review - edbell - Overstock.com
I am upgrading from VB6 to .net and this book provides the information that I need.I have not yet read the whole book but so far I am very pleased with the pace and precision of the writing.This book ... Read full review


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UTC alumnus Steve Marshall '81, currently serves as the Director of the El Paso Zoo, home for 600 animals from around the world.
UTC alumnus Steve Marshall '81, currently serves as the Director of the El Paso Zoo, home for 600 animals from around the world.
Dr. Nicole Brown was recently among the 10 Chattanooga Area Women of Distinction honored by the American Lung Association in Tennessee at the 31st Annual Chattanooga Women of Distinction Awards luncheon.
Dr. Ethan Carver, Associate Professor in the Department of Biology, Environmental Science and Geology, has been appointed the new Assistant Dean of the Graduate School at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga.
Chemistry major Patrick O'Brien names his "milestone moment" at UTC as the summer he spent working as a full-time researcher in the Chemistry department's undergraduate research program with Dr. Steven Symes. O'Brien and Symes worked with local company eSpin to figure out a method for the release of antibiotics into the body through a biodegradable device designed to wrap around bone fractures. "If Chemistry interests you it's a great…
Their itinerary was set with kissing the Blarney Stone, enjoying some haggis, and chill-inducing performances in historic cathedrals earlier this May.


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Fiona is a beautiful registered Hackney pony. She is broke to drive and has a lot of get up and go. I thought I would have more time to drive but that…$2,500
12-14 yrs old Great trail horse really gentle any body can ride him.$1,500
Really nice super broke gentle gray gelding Good trail horse kids,mom,grandma any one can ride him. 773-619-6042$2,000
Great horse. Has no fears. Loads easily, stands for ferrier, absolutely loves people and has a way to capture the hearts of almost everyone he meets. Together…$5,500
I had to sell this pony when I had my son, it broke my heart, I just wanna know if he has a good home and know how hes doing, i sold him to a lady in wisconsin…$100
13 years old, 18.3 hands, nice horse. Includes riding equipment. Buyer must have trailer for transport$2,000
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Fletcher is a 14 year old 15hh horse. He is suitable for all level of riders and would be an excellent next partner for anyone! He's been jumping for the…$10,000


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By now, I'm sure everyone knows about the Aurora Colorado shooting. It was and is a horrific and senseless tragedy and my prayers go out to the victims and their families. I would like to ask that everyone remember them in your prayers as well…
As expected, just hours after news of the shooting hit the media, the anti-gun groups and their groupies where screaming for more "gun control" which they claim would prevent anything like this from ever happening again.
The misguided folks at the Brady Campaign and The Huffington Post as usual were the first to take advantage of the deaths to further their own interests and agendas. Shame on them… They make me sick.
And as is the norm, they've placed the blame on the object used and not the person that pulled the trigger.
To place the blame on an inanimate object that was used during this tragic event instead of the real cause of the carnage and that is the actions of the shooter is shameful and irresponsible. But then we all know that the anti-second amendment lobby has no morals and will gladly use any tragedy to further their own agenda and that is to make every gun owner in American a criminal.
They (the anti-second amendment lobby) tell us that we need to be more like Britain, where private firearms ownership is essentially banned. Then we would all be safe, no more crime or mass shootings, all we need to do is give up our rights and everything will be bloody good and we can all sip tea and praise the Queen.
They conveniently forget to mention incidents such as the Hungerford massacre where 27-year-old Michael Robert Ryan, armed with two semi-automatic rifles and a handgun, shot and killed sixteen people including his mother, and wounded fifteen others.
Or, the mass shooting in Norway that left 77 people dead. They forget to tell you that in Norway the decision of issuing a "gun ownership license" is given to the police authority in the district where each applicant lives. And all firearms, or a vital part of it, has to be locked away inside the home.
Yep, strict gun bans and tougher gun laws will do the trick…
I know many of you have probably asked why would someone commit such an awful act as that done by James Holmes in Aurora Colorado… Well let's consider fact that America has lost its connection to God, we've removed prayer or any mention of God from public schools and other government establishments.
Children are bombarded everyday by images of perversity, sex and violence from TV, movies, music and video games. Because parents are too lazy and self consumed to take an interest in the lives of their children or to monitor their "entertainment".
Speaking of violent video games, Anders Behring Breivik (the shooter who killed 77 people in Norway) testified that he played video games for as many as 16 hours per day as a way to train for the shooting.
Nope, the shooting by James Holmes in Aurora Colorado was not caused by the firearms he carried or the ammunition he ordered online, but by the mental and moral degeneration and breakdown of a population raised on a constant diet of violence, perversion and a growing hatred of God.
- The Prepper's Guide to Surviving the End of the World, as We Know It: Gear, Skills, and Related Know-How
- The Prepared Prepper's Cookbook: Over 170 Pages of Food Storage Tips, and Recipes From Preppers All Over America!
- Dirt-Cheap Survival Retreat: One Man's Solution
- 31 Days to Survival: A Complete Plan for Emergency Preparedness


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Top Definition
Although snobs and knobs are generally one and the same, sknob can be used when cussing these people to remind them that they are both. If you just say sknob with the snob pronounciation though, you will need to explain to them that they are a knob too, after you have dissed them.
by AKM October 05, 2006
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