text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Oct 10, 1961
|Filing date
|Apr 16, 1959
|Priority date
|Apr 16, 1959
|Publication number
|Brown Robert J S, Coolidge John E
|Original Assignee
|Borg Warner, California Research Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (5), Classifications (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Oct. 10, 1961 J. E. COOLIDGE ETAL 3,004,212
INDUCTION AND NUCLEAR MAGNETISM LOGGING Filed April 16. 1959 s Sheets-Sheet 1 DEPTH INDICATOR FIG. 1
INVENTORS JOHN E. COOL/06E RO8ERT J. S. BROWN Oct. 10, 1961 J. E. COOLIDGE ETAL 3,004,212
INDUCTION AND NUCLEAR MAGNETISM LOGGING Filed April 16. 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INDICATOR INVENTORS 84/ JOHN E. COOL/06E ROBERT J. s. BROWN FIG.2
kiH" R1" wH-H- Oct. 10, 1961 J. E. COOLIDGE ETAL INDUCTION AND NUCLEAR MAGNETISM LOGGING Filed April 16. 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 TIMER I I I I REC.
I 4 INVENTORS JOHN E. COOL/DGE Rog/F7 J. 5. BROWN Patented Oct. 10, 1961 Free 3,004,212 INDUCTION AND NUCLEAR MAGNETISM OGGING The present invention relates to nuclear magnetism well bone logging. More particularly, it relates to a method of distinguishing oil from Water in earth formations traversed by a well bore by detecting the influence of such formations upon electrical cur-rents mutually induced in a nuclear magnetism polarizing coil and in said formations when protons are caused to process in phase in the formation.
The present invention has for an object distinguishing oil from water by inducing a nuclear magnetism signal from fluids in an earth formation around a well bore while simultaneously detecting an electrical signal originating from electrical current transients in the nuclear magnetism polarizing coil influenced by the electromagnetic loading of said formation on said coil while said transients are present therein.
In drilling oil wells, particularly exploratory or wildcat Wells, it is almost universal practice to use a Waterbased drilling fluid. Such Water-based fluid is used in part so that a conventional electical log comprising a selfpot-ential and one or more resistivity logs can be made in the well bore. As is well known in the art, where almost ideal conditions prevail the combination of selfpotential and resistivity logs permits oil to be distinguished from water, and reservoir rocks to be distinguished from nonfl-uid-con-taining rocks, such as shales and the like. In general, these logs are interpreted by comparing increases in resistivity with increases in selfpoteutial. The resistivity curve reads high for oil, nonfiuid rocks, and fresh water. The curve reads low for salt water. The self-potential log, on the other hand, reads high for all fluid-containing rocks and low for nonfluid-bearing formations in the normal circumstance where the drilling fluid is less saline than the thrmvation waters. Accordingly, when resistivity is high, there is a fair inference that oil or fresh water is present. The inference of fresh Water is easily ruled out when the formation is at a suflicient depth so that fires'h water is unlikely.
As mentioned above, electric logging is the most commonly used exploratory well log. In many sedimentary rocks, especially those that may contain petroleum, the oil is partially flushed away by the drilling fluid, so that after drilling there is less oil present adjacent the well bore. While this d-ifliculty is not serious as far as the logging result is concerned, it may easily damage the well so that its fiull petroleum prodncing potential cannot be obtained; One reason for this is that such rocks frequently contain clay materials that well when contacted by water. This swelling tends to block the pore spaces around the well to a depth sufl'icient to reduce the oil permeability of the rock around the well bore.
Another difliculty frequently encountered in using Watenbased fluids is the necessity for keeping the Water as fresh' as possible. This problem arises because the conductivity of the drilling fluid changes rapidly with salt content that may be picked up during drilling. In many locations it is difficult to obtain sufficient fresh water to keep the salt content down. The primary diificulty' with increasing salt content in the drilling fluid is of a signal-producing formation.
that the self-potential will be low, so that few, if any, pronounced variations appear in the curve.
For the foregoing reasons, it has long been desired to drill exploratory wells with an oil-based drilling fluid. The primary difficulty, of course, is that the oil-based fluid is an insulator so that conventional electric logging cannot be performed in a well so drilled. Induction logs give information comparable to a resistivity log, but unless a complicated arrangement of coils is used, or multiple runs made in the well bore, the information comparable to the three different resistivity logs, made with three simple electrodes in electric logging, cannot be fully developed. However, this difliculty is not insurmountable. The main problem has been that no curve comparable to the self-potential curve is available. Some attempts have been made to substitute a neutron-neutron or a neutron-gamma ray log (popularly known simply as a neutron log) for this fluid measurement. The prime difficulty with a neutron log is that it cannot distinguish protons that are bound to the rock structure, as occurs in many shales, and those in free fluid, such as water and oil. Accordingly, the neutron log will not produce a reading comparable to the self-potential log in electric logging.
It is known that nuclear magnetism logging can be used to distinguish oil and water directly in an earth formation. However, one of the problems in so doing is the necessity for developing a series of measurements adjacent the suspected fluid-containing formation by a system known as relaxation function determination providing information about the fluid. This information is developed by positioning a nuclear magnetism polarizing coil in the well bore adjacent the formation. The polarizing current is then passed through the coil to polarize on a macroscopic basis a large statistical sample of the protons present in the formation fluids. The field is then abruptly interrupted and a signal detected either in the polarizing coil or in a separate signal-receiving coil. This signal is generated in the coil by the protons processing in phase under the influence of the earths magnetic field. The amplitude of this precession signal indicates the quantity of fluid protons in the formation. Where it is desired to know the type of protons, that is, to know Whether they are in the form of hydrocarbons or Water, it is essential that the polarizing field be applied a succession of times and changed either in intensity or in duration, and the resulting signal measured a similar plurality of times. The relaxation rate, that is, the rate at which the proton polarization generating the induced signals changes in magnitude with time and/or magnetic field intensity, can frequently be used as a direct means to identify whether the protons are in oil or in 'water. The difficulty with this system is the amount of time required at each station in a well bore to make a suflicient number of measurements to diagnose the possible oil content It has been learned from experimental runs that no signal is produced by protons bound in the rock matrix of shales and the like. Further, it has been found that the signal is definitely a function of the freedom of the fluid within the earth formation to flow.
From the foregoing discussion, it is apparent that a log that will permit simultaneous measurement of the free fluid content and the electrical resistivity properties of a formation containing free fluid will permit an accurate distinction between oil and water in a well bore. Prior to the present invention, however, it has been necessary to make separate logging runs with separate logging tools to develop two different forms of information that must be correlated together to permit an accurate diagnosis of whether fluid is present and whether that fluid is oil or Water. Such determination, in accordance with the invention, can be made independently of whether the measurements are made in oil-, wateror emulsion-based drilling fluids. However, from the foregoing discussion it will be appreciated that the primary utility of this method will be in wells drilled with oil-based or other nonconducting fluids.
In accordance with the present invention, oil and water can be distinguished from each other by detecting changes in the electrical transients generated by electrical current flow in the polarizing coil for a nuclear magnetism logging tool. These electrical transients are mutually induced between the polarizing coil and the formation during both the switching on and the switching off of the polarizing current flow as well as during the signal reception from processing protons in the formation. As will be pointed out more fully hereinafter, these electrical transients, as affected by the earth formation and its conductivity, may be sensed in any of several different forms of apparatus. In a preferred form of apparatus, the simultaneous measurement of the fluid content and the electromagnetic properties of the formation is made by polarizing the formation with direct current flowing through the coil. The current is then interrupted and the coil switched from a polarizing circuit to a receiving and a sending circuit which includes amplifier means for transmitting the precession signal to the earths surface for direct recording. Simultaneously, a portion of the precession signal is amplified and transmitted to at least one induction coil. This induction coil is desirably positioned to generate minimum interference with the precession signal. The electromagnetic property of the formation is then measured by at least one electrical property of the mutual induction reflected in the induction coil as said signal is applied thereto. This electrical characteristic is then recorded in synchronism with the precession signal to present on a single graph and in side-by-side relationship a free fluid and electrical conductivity record of the earth formation. Desirably, the induction coil may include a plurality of coils electromagnetically coupled to each other and the earth formation but physically separated from each other to reduce the interference between the precession signal and the induced electromagnetic signal.
In another embodiment of the invention, the electrical conductivity of the earth formation is detected simultaneously with the measurement of the free fluid content by measuring at least one electrical value that is characteristic of the damping of eddy currents flowing in the polarizing coil. In one form, the eddy currents may be detected by a second coil magnetically coupled with the polarizing coil in the earth formation but physically separated therefrom. In another form, the eddy currents may be detected by the self-induction in the polarizing coil itself when current flow is started therein.
In another embodiment of the invention, an electrical value that is characteristic of damping of eddy current losses in the polarizing coil is detected by modifying the intensity or duration of the polarizing current. The resulting precessional signal will vary in intensity, duration or phase and will represent the electrical value that is characteristic of the damping imposed by the earth formation.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which form an integral part of the present specification.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a well logging system wherein the precession signal generated in a nuclear magnetism system is divided so that one portion of the signal may be recorded directly while another portion is amplified for application to an induction logging system.
FIG. 2 is an alternative arrangement for recording simultaneously the free fluid and electromagnetic properties of an earth formation wherein said fluid may be present; the surface control system in this embodiment permits modification of the method of detecting the electromagnetic loading of the formation upon the electrical transients flowing in the polarizing coils.
FIG. 3 illustrates a further alternative of the logging tool useful with a surface system of the type shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative arrangement of surface-control circuitry for applying polarizing current to the nuclear magnetism coil and for receiving precessional signals therefrom that include the transient signals representative of the earth forrnations electromagnetic prop erties during said nuclear magnetism signal generation.
Referring to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 1, the present invention is illustrated as being applied to a nuclear magnetism well logging system capable of detecting in an earth formation, such as that illustrated as 10, simultaneously its free-fluid content and its electromagnetic characteristics. As is understood in the art of nuclear magnetism logging, protons (nuclei of the most common isotope of hydrogen) are polarized within fluids in the well bore 11 and in fluids within formation 10 by passing electrical current from battery 12 through polarizing coil winding 14. Control of the polarizing coil from battery 12 to coil 14 is through a vacuum switch 16 so that large current flows may be stopped substantially instantaneously. As understood in this art, instantaneous means within 1 to 10 milliseconds. As shown, contact 17 of vacuum switch 16 is operated by relay 18 which in turn is energized from the surface by battery 20 through appropriate relays to be discussed hereinafter.
Upon the interruption of polarizing current flow to coil 14, contact 17 switches polarizing coil 14 from a polarizing to a receiving position, as indicated in FIG. 1. After a suitable time delay for the purpose of permitting switching transients to die out in coil '14, relay 22 through contact 24 applies the precessing signal to an amplifier 26 that is coupled to a recorder 28 through logging cable 30. The output of recorder 28 is directly indicated on graph 32 and in FIG. 1 represented by the line 34.
As is further understood in the field of nuclear magnetism logging, when free fluid is present in formation 10 the polarized protons, after cut off of current flow in coil 14, process under the influence of earths magnetic field and in said precession generate a macroscopic alternating current flow that induces a signal of about 2,000 cycles in coil 14. This induced precession is influenced by the length of time and strength of the magnetic current that flows in coil 14 during polarization. The resulting signal accordingly has an amplitude and a duration dependent upon the polarization history of the nuclei in the formation and the total quantity of protons available to participate in this in-phase precession. In general, the quantity of protons can be directly deduced from the signal intensity and the duration of the signal. When the polarizing current is approximately identical, minor variations in polarization do not greatly influence the signal that is measured.
As indicated hereinbefore, the total number of protons in an earth formation is not alone diagnostic of whether these protons are in hydrocarbons or in water, since the response under equal polarizing conditions will not definitely determine which species is present. This is also true because the numbers of hydrogen nuclei per unit volume in oil and water are approximately the same. Accordingly, it is essential that a further measurement be made of the earth formation to determine at least one other characteristic of the earth formation and its contained fluids to distinguish between oil and water. In accordance with the present embodiment, this distinction is developed by using a portion of the precession signal generated by protons precessing in phase to apply an electromagnetic current to induction coil 36. Induction coil 36 is isolated from the precession-signal generating circuit by amplifier 38. Desirably, amplifier 38 may change the phase of the precession signal or add a standard frequency variation to the 2 KC precession signal. However, the direction of winding of coil 36 as illustrated in FIG. 1 is desirably at 90 to the axis of winding of coil 14, so that there is minimum electrical coupling between these coils. The electromagnetic loading of formation on coil 36 may be measured directly by measurement of a phase shifit from a reference signal applied to coil 36. However, in the present embodiment, the electromagnetic loading of formation 10 is more simply measured by positioning a pair of receiving coils 40 and 42 above and below induction coil 36. Mutual induction between coils 36, 40 and 42 will, of course, be directly related to the electromagnetic properties of formation 10. One electrical property of the signal induced in coils 40 and 42 is then transmitted by amplifier 46 to the earths surface for recording by indicator 44 on graph 32. For the purpose of simplifying the signal transmission of the precession signal and the electrical characteristic that is representative of the electromagnetic loading of formation 10, the signals from amplifiers 46 and 26 may be multiplexed through cable 30 by modulator 48. Demodulation of the signal into its separate components is then performed at the earth's surface by demodulator 50.
As mentioned above, the timing of the polarization current through coil 14, the signal reception time for processing protons in the same coil, and the time delay for transmission of both the precession signal and the electromagnetic induction signal are under the control of a timing device, indicated generally as 19. Timing device 19 includes a master control relay 52 which is energized by battery 23 through starting switch 54, and can be locked in by its own contact 56 when push button 54 is momentarily closed. Closing of relay 52 also closes contact 58 which, through a normally closed contact 60, under the control of timing switch 62, energizes relay 18 to start the polarization current in coil 14. Relay 64 of timing switch 62 is energized through contact 66 of relay 52. Closing of relay 64 couples a rotating cam 63 to drive motor 70 through a clutch 72. The setting of tension. on spring '74 regulates the time required for cam 68 to be rotated by motor 70 to open contact 60 to end the polarization current flow in coil 14. Cam 68 also closes contact 76, which energizes a time-delay relay 78 of the same general type as timer 62. A preset time delay may thus be estabiished for measuring the precession after the switching transients have decayed in coil 14. For this purpose, the rotation of cam 80 closes contact 82 in the control circuit for signal-switching relay 22. Relay 22 in turn connects the precession signal from coil 14 "to 26 and 38 through relay contact 24.
As indicated generally by the depth indicator 84, the position of the logging sonde 13 in well bore 11 identifies the depth of formation 10 and is measured by the length of cable 30 through a mechanical coupling iden ti-fied as 86. As indicated schematically, depth indicator 84 is arranged to mark graph 32 with indications 86 which correspond to the depth of the logging tool. The curves 34 and 35, as suggested above, respectively represent the free fluid and the induced electromagnetic conduction of earth formations encountered along the well bore.
an example of the interpretation of these curves, peaks as and b of curve 34 on graph 32 have counterparts in the peaks 0 and d in curve 35. Accordingly, these peaks are representative of a formation containing free fluid as represented by the peaks a and b, but the formations are also deducible to contain salt water, or other conductive fluids, by virtue of the peaks c and d having comparably large amplitudes in curve 35. On the other hand, the peaks 2 and f in curve 34 do not have corresponding amplitudes in the peaks g and h in curve 35. Hence, the formations producing curves e and g, and f and h, are indicative of an insulating or nonconducting,
fluid-containing formation which may be inferred to be an oilor fresh-water-producing horizon.
There is shown in FIG. 2 an alternative arrangement for simultaneous detection on a nuclear magnetic precession signal and an electrical signal representative of changes in electrical currents flowing in a nuclear magnetism polarizing coil, as said flow is affected by the electromagnetic loading of the earth formation under investigation. As in the previous embodiment, the purpose of such simultaneous measurement is to distinguish oil from water using a drilling fluid whose electrical properties are not suitable for the standard electric logging procedures, or wherein the lithology of the formations is too complex for simple self-potential and resistivity measurements to distinguish directly between 011- and water-bearing formations. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the logging sonde 13A includes a nuclear magnetism polarizing coil 14 which may be connected to a source of polarizing current, such as battery 12, through a vacuum switch 16 in substantially the same manner as in the system of FIG. 1. However, as distinguished from FIG. 1, there is magnetically coupled to polarizing coil 14 a different form of induction coil 36A. In the present instance coil 36A may have its principal axis of winding parallel, or coincident, with coil 14. The purpose of coil 36A is to detect electrical transients during the period of time when polarizing current is first applied to the earth formation. This initial polarizing current will be affected by the electromagnetic loading of the earth formation adjacent to coil 14. Since in the present embodiment the electrical transient representative of the electromagnetic conduction of the earth formation is measured during the initial part of a polarizing current flow, a single amplifier 26A may be used for transmitting both the precession signal and the electromagnetic induction signal to recorders 28A and 44A. As indicated, amplifier 26A is selectively switched between coil 14 and coil 36A by a dilferential relay, identified as 23. Relay 23 controls the position of contact 25 and is indicated as having a neutral, center position for disconnecting amplifier 26A from both coils 14 and 36A. The purpose of this neutral position is to disconnect amplifier 26A during a substantial portion of the polarizing current flow. Thus, upon application of the D.C. polarizing current to coil 14, which has inherent resistance, inductance and capacitance, an alternating current transient is generated in both coils 14 and 36A. These transient signals die out as the polarizing current flow continues. In this way, before the precession signal is generated and applied to recorder 28A, the polarizing field is essentially unidirectional. Comparable switching of the output of amplifier 26A between recorders 28A and 44A is accomplished at the earths surface through contact 27 of relay 29. The control circuit, for timing both the polarizing and reading circuits, is indicated generally as 19A.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, control circuit 19A provides a circuit similar to 19 of FIG. 1, with the exception that more than one larizing current may be transmitted to coil 14 from battery 12. Battery 12 is adapted to apply full current to coil 14 through contact 21A of relay 21. A reduced current may be applied through contact 21B. As shown, the reduction in current is obtained by connecting contact 21B to the output of battery 12 through a current-limiting resistor 31. The purpose of the foregoing arrangement is to permit two current conditions to be established through polarizing coil 14, which in turn will produce two dilferent polarization field conditions for protons in surrounding formation 10.
As is understood in the art of nuclear magnetism logging, such d'ifl'erent polarizing conditions can be used for directly investigating the relaxation rate for a particular fluid that may be found present in the formation. In practice, the currents are applied by first energizing coil 14 with the full polarizing current from source 12, and after a prescribed period of time a reduced current of the same polarity is transmitted through the coil. With varying periods of either the main polarizing current, known as I or the low field conditions known as I different relaxation conditions can be imposed on the protons before they are permitted to precess under the influence of earths magnetic field. Successive variations, preferably in the I time, are used to plot a rate curve for the nuclear polarization. In the present embodiment, the I time may be eliminated entirely. In that case, relay 21 moves its contact 21C out of engagement with contact 21A, and the precessional signal is read without further energizing coil 14. However, as will be explained in connection with the arrangement shown in FIG. 4, two different precessional signals that can be induced by varying the polarizing condition may also be used as a direct measurement of the electromagnetic loading of the earth formation on the polarizing coil. Accordingly, for the completeness of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, there are included both an I timer, designated generally as 35, and an 1;, timer, designated generally as 35, and I timer, designated generally as 37. As further indicated, the master control relay 39 controls the starting of timers 35 and 37 in substantially the same manner as that described in connection with timers 62 and 78 in FIG. 1.
In the present embodiment, the timers 35 and 37 may be used, Whether the polarization condition is varied or not, to operate the differential relay 23, so that amplifier 26A is connected to the respective induction and nuclear magnetism recorders 44A and 28A at the proper time. As stated hereinbefore, it is necessary in the embodiment of FIG. 2A to connect the recorder 44A to amplifier 26A during the initial part of the I condition. For this reason, the upper portion 23A of relay 23 is energized through a normally close contact 41 that is arranged to be opened shortly after polarization begins, but after the induced transient electrical current has been damped out by cam 43 under the control of I timer 35. The initiation of control current to section 23A is under the control of cam 45 of timer 35 and begins at the same time polarization current is applied to coil 14. Thus, induced current flow in induction coil 36A is connected through relays 23 and 29 to record its output on chart 47 as curve 49 during the initial part of the polarization period. It will be observed, as mentioned before, that contact 25 of relay 23 returns to its central position when contact 41 opens, so that during the intervening period for polarization of protons in fluids around the well bore amplifier 26A is disabled. At the end of the polarizing period, which is under the control of the lobe 45A on cam 45, contact 51 opens so that closing of contact 53 by rotation of cam 55, also operated by timer 35, can move contact 210 of the polarizing relay to the I position. The length of time that the 1;, current is applied is controlled by contact 57 operated by cam 59 under the control of I timer 37. As indicated above, this time may be set to zero by proper adjustment of cam 59. I timer 37 also controls connection of the precession signal to recorder 28A through coil 23B of difierential relay 23. In controlling this connection, cam 61 may be adjusted to close contact 63 for read out of the precession signal after the switching transients have died out in coil 14.
There is shown in FIG. 3 an alternative arrangement for measuring the electromagnetic properties of the earth formation by detecting electrical transients induced directly in the polarizing coil. In this embodiment, which is similar to FIG. 2, a current transformer 91 is positioned to detect current flow through the supply line for coil 14. Since the current will vary in accordance with the transients established in the coil, flaere is induced in secondary winding 93 of transformer 91 a signal that will be modified by the electromagnetic conduction of the earth formation adjacent which the coil 14 is positioned.
FIG. 4 is an alternative arrangement wherein the nuclear magnetic properties, and the conduction of the earth formation, may be detected simultaneously by measuring the inductive effect on the polarizing current and the resulting precessional signal when two or more polarizing conditions are applied to the protons in the surrounding earth formation. Specifically, we have found that when a conductive formation surrounds the polarizing coil, the initial amplitude of the precessional signal will vary in accordance with the history of the polarizing current. For this reason, there is provided by the circuit of FIG. 4 an apparatus for comparing the amplitudes either at the initial part of the precessional signal recording or at some other selected time interval. Accordingly, the arrangement of FIG. 4 presents a record 32B of the free-fluid content, such as curve 49A, detected by one electrical characteristic of the precession signal where it can be compared directly to curve 47A, representing the ratio of the amplitudes of the same recorded signal to another precession resulting from a different polarizing condition.
As indicated in FIG. 4, the timing of the polarizing current is under the control of the I timer 35B and the I timer control relay 114 and energizes the I polarization circuit for differential relay 21 through contacts 114a and 10017. The time interval for I polarization is selected by setting cam 116- of I timer 3513. When cam 116 has rotated to lift its follower, switch 118 opens, and I control relay 114 is de-energized through its holding contact 114b.
At a time after I polarization current flow ends in the logging coil, as by cam 120 of I timer 35B, the follower for cam 120 closes switch 122 to energize readout control relay 124 through contact 1000 of I -Only relay 100. At the same time, relay 124 closes switch 12415 to energize line 125, which is connected to the coilswitching relay (not shown) in the logging sonde. Thus, with the coil-switching relay in the logging sonde actuated, the nuclear precession signal may be transmitted over line 127 for recording on graph 3213 as curve 49A. This is accomplished by transferring contact 128 from its normally open to its closed position by the energizing of relay 129 through contact 124a. With line 127 switched in this manner, the signal of the I -Only polarization is jointly applied to the I recorder 130 and to an I storage unit 131. The I recorder 130 draws the curve 49A as each reading is made. As indicated above, this reading represents the free-fluid content of the earth formation. The information retained in 1;. storage unit 131 is used for developing the ratio of the nuclear magnetism precession signal under a different inductive loading when the field polarization is varied on the formation under study. As indicated schematically, the I to 1 1 ratio is displayed by curve 47A on graph 32B by recorder unit 132. The latter unit is arranged to measure the ratio when it is supplied not only from the I storage unit 131 but also with information from the I I storage unit 133.
The development of the I I polarization will now be described. Such information is developed on alternate half-cycles by the rotation of motor 96 to bring cam 98 into a position so that the cam follower opens switch 98a and closes switch 98b so that relay 102 is operated and relay 100 is opened. The closing of relay 102 again energizes I timer 35B through contact 102b. Operation of cam 110 lifts switch 112 to actuate I control relay 114 in the same manner as described in connection with the I -Only cycle. However, in the present instance the I polarizing time is controlled through contact 102s. Further as distinguished from the I -Only cycle, rotation of cam 116 closes switch 135 at the same time that switch 118 is opened. Closing of switch 135 immediately transfers control of relay 21 to I timer 37B. As shown, the momentary closing of contact 135 energizes I control relay 137 so that it closes contact 137a to switch relay spacers 21' to its low field generating position for the polarizing coil in the logging sonde. At the same time, contact 13% closes to hold relay 1-37 in its energized condition and maintain current flow to 1;, timer 37B. The time during which the low polarizing field current is applied is under the control of cam 139 of I timer 37B. Rotation of cam I39 may be adjusted to make this time any desired amount. At the end of the I polarizing time, cam 1:39 opens switch 140 to open relay 137.
Timer 37B continues tooperate when switch 140 dwells in. its open position and connects contact 14 6 to linev 147. When contact 146 is energized, relay 148 closes its contact, after a brief time delay, to re-energize timer 373. The time delay is made only long enough to: let relay 137 open. Cam 141, also operated by timer 37B, controls the time at which the precession signal can be read by supplying current to line 125 to energize the coil-switching relay in the logging sonde. The signal generated by the nuclear magnetism precession is transmitted over line 127 through normally closed contact 128 of relay 129 to- I I storage unit 35. The end of the cycle for I timer 37B is under the control of cam 143 and switch 144.
At the end of each half-cycle, controlled by motor 96 and cam 98, both I timer 35B and I timer 37B are reset by cam 150 also driven by motor 96, closing reset switch I52.
From the foregoing examples, it will be apparent that the present invention provides several different forms of apparatus for measuring simultaneously the free-fluid content and the electrical conductivity of an earth formation while using circuitry heretofore used only to develop a nuclear magnetism logging signal representative of free-fluid content. As brought out in the many embodiments discussed above, the transient currents gen erated during polarization and precession are used as a measure of the electromagnetic loading imposed by the earth formation. The changes in the transient responses during such polarization and precession are then recorded for direct comparison with the free-fluid content for the establishment of the dilference between oil and water in earth formations independently of the electrical conductivity of the drilling fluid.
Various modifications in both the apparatus and the method of application of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. All such modifications and changes within the scope of the appended claims are intended to be included therein.
We claim:
1. The method of simultaneously determining the fluid content and the conductivity of earth formations traversed by a well bore which comprises positioning a polarizing coil in said well bore adjacent an earth formation, initiating a unidirectional current flow through said coil to establish a polarization field in and around said well bore, continuing the application of said current for a period of time sufficient to polarize a representative sample of protons therein and to permit damping of eddy currents established by said polarizing current, interrupting said unidirectional current flow to permit nuclei polarized thereby to precess under the influence of earths magnetic field, measuring at least one electrical value characteristic of the alternating current induced in said coil by said protons precessing in phase, said measurement being made during a period of time beginning after interruption of said current flow and after the eddy currents mutually induced between said formation including its contained water and said coil have been damped in said coil, and detecting another electrical value characteristic of the damping of eddy currents mutually induced in said earth formation by current flow in said coil as a measure of the conductivity of said earth formation, said other electrical value being measured during a period beginning with interrupting of said unidirectional current flow in said coil and ending before said eddy currents are damped in a subsequent polarizing period, and simultaneously recording said electrical values characteristic of eddy current damping and said nuclear precession current in accordance the depth of said polarizing coil in said Well bore.
2. The method in accordance with claim I, wherein said electrical vaiue characteristic of the damping of eddy currents is detected upon initiation of current flow.
3. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein said electrical value is detected by positioning a second coil adjacent said polarizing coil and detecting the induced current flow therein.
4. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein said electrical value is detected by the self-induction in said polarizing coil when current flow is initiated therein.
5. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the interruption of current flow in said polarizing coil is reduced in magnitude and said electrical value characteristic of the damping of eddy currents is measured by the ratio of said same electrical characteristic of said signal generated when the current in said polarizing coil is in terrupted without reduction in magnitude.
6-. The method in accordance with claim 1, that includes at least simultaneously during said in-phase precession of protons applying an alternating current signal to said polarizing coil at a substantially different frequency than the frequency of said proton precession, and said electrical value characteristic of the damping of the eddy current losses is measured by detecting variations in the loading on said alternating current signal by the formation and fluids adjacent to said coil.
7. The method in accordance with claim 6, wherein a separate pickup coil is positioned adjacent said polarizing coil for detecting said electrical characteristic by measuring a characteristic of the alternating current signal, and said coil is tuned to said different frequency.
8. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said simultaneous detection of said electrical value characteristic of the damping of eddy currents includes power amplifying at least a portion of said precessional signals, feeding back said amplified signal into said earth formation through another coil positioned adjacent said polarizing coil and measuring an electrical characteristic of the modification of said precessional signals by detecting an electrical value characteristic of said feed-back current.
9. The method of recording simultaneously the fluid content and an electromagnetic characteristic of an earth formation traversed by a well bore which comprises positioning a nuclear magnetism polarizing coil in said well bore adjacent an earth formation, initiating a direct current flow through said coil to polarize protons in formation fluids around said bore hole, continuing the application of said current flow to polarize said protons until electrically transient signals mutually induced in said formation and said coil by initiation of said current flow have decayed, abruptly interrupting said current flow to permit said polarized protons to precess in unison about earths magnetic field to induce a nuclear magnetism signal in said coil, delaying the detection of said induced nuclear magnetism signal until the electrically transient signals mutually induced in said formation and said coil by said current interruption have decayed, then detecting an electrical characteristic of the signal induced in said coil by in-phase precession of said protons as a measure of the fluid content, and during at least one of said electromagnetically induced transient conditions detecting an electrical value characteristic of the signal mutually induced between said coil and said formation as a measure of the electromagnetic properties of said formation.
10. The method of recording simultaneously the fluid content and an electromagnetic characteristic of an earth formation traversed by a well bore containing an electrically nonconducting fluid which comprises positioning at least a nuclear magnetism polarizing coil in said well bore adjacent an earth formation, initiating a direct current flow through said coil to polarizc protons in formation fluids around said bore hole, continuing the application of said current flow to polarize said protons until eddy currents mutually induced in said formation and said coil by initiation of said current flow have decayed, abruptly interrupting said current flow to permit said polarized protons to precess in unison about earths magnetic field to induce a nuclear magnetism signal in said coil, delaying the detection of said induced nuclear magnetism signal until the eddy currents mutually induced in said formation and said coil by said current interruption have decayed, then detecting an electrical characteristic of the signal induced in said coil by in-phase precession of said protons as a measure of the fluid content, and during at least one of said electromagnetically induced transient conditions detecting an electrical value characteristic of the signal mutually induced between said coil and said formation as a measure of the electromagnetic properties of said formation.
11. Apparatus for distinguishing between oil and Water in an earth formation penetrated by a well bore by simultaneously measuring the fluid content and the electromagnetic properties of said formation which comprises a polarizing coil, a source of direct current, switch means for applying direct current from said source to said polarizing coil and for switching said coil from said source to a detecting system, said detecting system including amplifier means for sending a precession signal detected in said coil to the earths surface, means for feeding a portion of said precession signal from said amplifier means to an induction coil means, said induction coil means being positioned adjacent said polarizing coil but magnetically isolated therefrom, means for detecting modifications of electrical current flow in said induction coil means when said signal is applied thereto as a measure of an electromagnetic property of said earth formation, and means for recording variations in both said precession signal from said polarizing coil and electrical current flow in said induction coil means on a common record as a measure of said fluid content and said electromagnetic properties.
12. Apparatus in accordance with claim 11, wherein said induction coil means includes a plurality of coils whose magnetic axes are perpendicular to the axis of said polarizing coil for impressing and detecting nuclear magnetism signals, and means for frequency modifying said portion of said precession signal fed to said induction coils to prevent interference between the precession signals and the induced electromagnetic signals representative of said earth formation.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,018,080 Martienssen Oct. 22, 1935 2,401,280 Walstrom May 28, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,015,954 Germany Sept. 19, 1957 OTHER REFERENCES Brown et al.: Journal of Petroleum Technology, vol.
8, November 1956, pages 262 to 264.
Disclaimer 3,004,212.J0]1/n E. Ooolidge, Arlington Heights, 111., and Robert J. S. Brown, Fullerton, Calif. INDUCTION AND NUCLEAR MAGNETISM LOGGING. Patent dated Oct. 10, 1961. Disclaimer filed. Sept. 24, 1964:, by the assignee-s, Borg-Warmer Gorpomtion and. Califomia Research 00%: pomtz'on. Hereby enter this disclaimer to claim 5 of said patent.
[Oflicial Gazette December 2?, 1964.]
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 31, 1935
|Oct 22, 1935
|Oscar Martienssen
|Method of and device for differentiating between geologic strata traversed by bore holes
|Jun 18, 1942
|May 28, 1946
|Schlumberger Well Surv Corp
|Method for locating permeable formations traversed by boreholes
|Dec 18, 1952
|Sep 19, 1957
|Varian Associates
|Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Relaxationszeit gyromagnetischer Koerper eines Stoffes
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 29, 1961
|Aug 3, 1965
|Borg Warner
|Penetration control for nuclear magnetism well logging
|Dec 9, 1963
|Jun 14, 1966
|Commissariat Energie Atomique
|Devices for measuring weak magnetic fields, in particular the earth magnetic field, by nuclear induction
|Aug 2, 1965
|Sep 17, 1968
|Chevron Res
|Nuclear magnetism well logging method and apparatus
|Dec 1, 1966
|Nov 3, 1970
|Schlumberger Technology Corp
|Coil assembly for nuclear magnetism well logging
|Apr 20, 2001
|Jul 1, 2003
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|NMR logging in the earth's magnetic field
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
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This recipe is part of a Cuban-Style Christmas: Mojito, Garlic Plantain Chips, Lime, Garlic, and Oregano Mojo, Avocado Salad, Gloria's Black Bean Soup, Crab Empanadas with Pickled Garlic-Caper Remoulade and Roasted Pork Marinade.
1. Cut the avocado into bite size chunks and place in a large bowl. Add the scallions, bell pepper, onions, cilantro, cucumber, tomato, and lime juice, and toss gently.
2. Add the olive oil, salt, and pepper. Gently stir and serve.
Darra Goldstein is editor in chief of The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets, an 888-page reference guide to all things sweet. "The book is really a compendium of human desires, a cultural history of desire for things that are sweet and what it has caused in the world, in both the realm of pleasure and also of pain," she says.


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Use to be fun and free
Game used to be fun and free.....don't fall into the chip sale traps buy once to get the VIP status and play the VIP slots besides that it's a rip off the games are very well designed and fun but big wins to keep your chips are hard to come by and slots get tighter when chip sales are going on so if you buy chips buy during sales but play later or don't buy at all it is a shame it's gotten to this point since Churchhill Downs bought them you know the Kentucky derby people real Gamblin founds do another niche do to make millions off of people with low self control which includes me but the customer service department are very professional and the new level up program is ok but it seems to be taking longer to level up and they take it right back from you and then some the games are fun and they produce new games all the time but a "free" game site owned by a real gambling enterprise come on guys don't fall for there bs the programmers do s good job designing the games though but still if you can keep from paying real money for the chips I can't lie but it is a good time if you keep your chips long enough to win
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- Free
- Category: Games
- Updated: Jul 06, 2016
- Version: 9.4.0
- Size: 65.7 MB
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- Seller: Big Fish Games, Inc
- © Big Fish Games, Inc.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 6.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
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text:
|1 Review
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 nights
Built in 1820 a truly magnificent example of an Irish period Country House. The Mews sits on beautiful gardens boasting 4 huge double bedrooms and two bathrooms upstairs and downstairs three reception rooms, ideal for entertaining. A huge Open plan kitchen with a traditional aga welcome guests to the house. Log fires and outdoor area for barbecue make this home an ideal get away from it all with the ultimate in comfort and luxury. The house sleeps 8 within the 4 double bedrooms.
A separate lodge with three bedrooms accommodating 6 is also available to hire separately or together.
Set in County Kildare and close to the world renowned K club a golfers paradise. Also lots of opportunities to horse ride or visit many of the horse racing festivals on over the year.
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Horse racing at Punchestown, Naas , Fairy house and of course the Curragh are all within 15 mins from the house.
I would definately recommend this property to anyone. I wanted somewhere to bring my 86yr old father and it was perfect. A downstairs bedroom with double bed and it's own en suite. Perfect for one who cannot climb stairs. Everything was clean and tidy and the owner was more than eager to help with anything I asked. Upstairs was two double bedrooms and there was masses of wardrobe space. The whole stable conversion was very professionally carried out and tastefully furnished. I felt totally safe in this beautiful rural retreat.
Co Kildare is world renowned for its horse racing, breeding and jumping. Festivals are to be found throughout the year. Punchestown and the curragh. For Golfers we are only minutes from the K Club and several other golf clubs. Canoeing and Fishing are just some of the water sports available and within 45mins of Dublin city center for all the attractions of the city.
Golf: We are 5 mins away from the world famous K Club where the Ryder cup was held.
Also several other golf clubs are available close by.
|Rate Period
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My Standard Rate
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text:
My friend +Christian Elleby Andersen is looking for an industrial placement this autumn 2015 somewhere abroad!
The topic he would like to work with is how to manage Research and development or innovation activities, and the learning and knowledge gained through these activities
The industry placement would be centered around a project in this topic, but can also include other internships duties alongside with it.
Go network ;)
To learn more about astrophotography join my 500px group - http://500px.com/groups/real-astrophotography
Prints - www.HomeGroenPhotograhy.com
+Aaron J. Groen +HomeGroen Photography
#milkyway #real #astrophotography #waterfall #cosmos #stars #galaxy
When light passes through gas and dust in the interstellar medium, some of the light is absorbed. Since the gas and dust only absorb certain wavelengths or colors of light, by by looking at these absorption bands we can determine the type of material that makes up the interstellar media. Well, most of the time. It turns out there are a range of absorption bands that we haven't been able to identify. They are known as diffuse interstellar bands.
One of the difficulties with these diffuse interstellar bands is that they don't seem to match any known atoms or molecules. We know there are molecules that could form within the interstellar medium, but many of them haven't been analyzed in the labs. Analyzing the line spectra of different compounds in a range of conditions such as vacuum and low temperatures is time consuming. Since it isn't very glamorous, it doesn't tend to get much funding, and that limits our ability to analyze the bands.
Another challenge is that different bands can be stronger or weaker relative to each other. This means they are likely due to a range of processes. There is some evidence that the strength of the bands correlates with the amount of dust in the region, so they are likely related to some kind of dust feature. Right now one of the favored ideas is that they are due to some kind of larger hydrocarbon molecule. But as for the details, we just don't know.
Image: NASA/P. Jenniskens and F.-X. Desert
(Pac-Man) Auxiliary Telescope 2 - Atacama Desert (Chile)
Yesterday there was a flurry of news about a gamma ray burst (GRB) appearing in the Andromeda galaxy. This would make it the closest observed gamma ray burst, which would be a boon for astronomers. News of this discovery travelled fast, particularly on Twitter and other social networks. Pretty soon a few news sites had picked up the story. But it turns out it wasn't a gamma ray burst.
It all started with a space telescope known as Swift. Swift is designed to study gamma ray bursts, and one of its detectors is a wide field telescope known as the Burst Array Telescope (BAT). The BAT is designed to look for bursts of high energy radiation from unknown sources. If it detects one, it "triggers" and sends an alert so that other telescopes can be position to observe the event. Gamma ray bursts can be short lived, so time is of the essence.
Normally the level needed for the BAT to trigger is pretty high (6.5 sigma for you statisticians) so that it doesn't cry wolf all the time (what are known as spurious events). But the bar is set a bit lower if the energy burst seems to be from a nearby galaxy. So Tuesday night (EDT) BAT detected a burst, and Swift's x-ray telescope also observed a burst of x-rays. The burst also happened to be in the direction of the Andromeda galaxy. So it triggered and the alert went out.
Naturally, some of the astronomers working in this area of research use Twitter, and started tweeting about a possible GRB in Andromeda. This was picked up by their fans and other astronomers, and the whole thing cascaded. It turns out it was a known x-ray source, probably an x-ray binary. So while it initially looked promising, it turned out to be a spurious event. Sometimes this happens, and it is better to have the occasional false alarm rather than miss an important event.
Of course all of this played out in the social media circles, and its seems rather chaotic at the time. It also means sometimes things get reported as far more certain than they actually are. If you actually look at what is being said, however, you'll see something rather interesting. If you go back and look at the comments, such as those tagged with #GRBM31 on Twitter, you'll notice that the astronomers are pretty careful about saying things like "possible" GRB. They spread the tentative news, and start looking for evidence to confirm or deny the event. As they learn things from a clear source, they start tweeting that as well. You'll also note there is a great deal of excitement.
This is part of what makes science interesting. Cool things happen, even if we later find out it isn't as cool as we thought.
Now with a selection of music.
- University of AarhusMaster - Astrophysics, 2009 - present
- University of AarhusBachelor - Physics and Astronomy, 2005 - 2009
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- Kroppedal MuseumMuseum Curator (History of Astronomy), 2014 - present
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- Østerbyens Dyrlæger2005 - 2005
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Learn more
Freedom of the Press 2005: A Global Survey of Media Independence Hardcover – Sep 29 2005
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All over the world, governments are developing sophisticated methods to muzzle honest reporters and intimidate their editors. Through this invaluable survey, Freedom House shines the spotlight on the adversaries of press freedom, explains their techniques, and alerts the public to acts of repression. (Mara Liasson, national political correspondent, National Public Radio)
When it comes to understanding the state of freedom in the world, the world turns to Freedom House. As in past years, Freedom of the Press represents the definitive, state-of-the-art assessment of press freedom and the legal, political, and economic forces that support or undermine it. This report will put the glare of public attention on governments that deny press freedom, and will thereby help to open to light the dark corners of the world where information is controlled and journalists work in mortal peril. (Jeffrey D. Sachs, Columbia University, and special advisor to UN Secretary General Kofi Annan)
A very useful compendiummmmm (Communication Booknotes Quarterly)
The Freedom House annual survey of the status of press freedom around the world is the most accurate and consistent analysis of that most fundamental human right, without which democracy, the rule of law, and free markets cannot exist. It is the most useful reference guide for international government officials, business executives, and press freedom advocates. (James Ottaway, chair, World Press Freedom Committee)
A very useful compendium (Communication Booknotes Quarterly)
About the Author
Freedom House is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that supports democratic change, monitors freedom, and advocates for democracy and human rights.
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Lawton Chiles' Son Thinking About Entering Governor's Race
Are you ready for Governor Lawton Chiles 2.0? Alex Sink sure isn't.
Naked Politics reports that Lawton Chiles III is considering making a late entrance into the governor's race as a democrat. Alex Sink, the state's CFO, has been running for nearly a year now and was considered a lock to win the democratic nomination.
Chiles would be starting from scratch in the fundraising department, but would benefit from his daddy's name recognition. He's also been vocal on children's issues and the direction of the state.
Tallahassee PR guru Ron Sachs puts the odds on Chiles running at 80/20, and his wife, Kitty, is already talking up his convictions in the press. He'd be a serious underdog, but so was he father when he ran for senate in 1970. His infamous walk around Florida changed all that. He went on to serve three terms in the US senate and two terms as Governor (beating Jeb Bush in a last minute electoral surge for his second term).
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Sink has long been the presumed nominee, but if the saga of Charlie Crist is any indication, it's not unthinkable that an out-of-nowhere upstart could topple things.
Meanwhile, presumed Republican nominee Bill McCollum is facing primary challenges of his own. State Sen. Paula Dockery has been chugging along on her campaign, and last month former health care exec Rick Scott and his deep pockets entered the race with a big buy of TV time.
With all eyes on the senate race, it seemed that a McCollum v. Sink matchup was taken for granted, but that may be up in the air now.
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Crazy Substitute Teachers
Enjoy, NG4.02 / 5.00 2,581 Views
Vacuum Salesman
This dude and his Megazord vacuum cleaner4.01 / 5.00 2,854 Views
Markiplier Animated | Mark Of The Survey Corps
This took far too long to make...3.96 / 5.00 7,165 Views
I wish I could give vote of 6/5
Because this was amazing! Red's such a devious character. He follows the rules and cares about his people.
This really reminds me of "The Town".
pretty good
great,but not madness
Excellent directing
A magnificent job at this movie! Well designed backgrounds, top notch voice acting, an awesome soundtrack, and good use of character detail.
My only gripe with this flash is the way the characters are animated. In some instances, it just didn't seem realistic with the madness body style, and seemed kind of static.
It was well worth watching though. Amazing work there!
It's just buisness
I always thoguht madness would suck with voice acting. DAMN WAS I WRONG!!!
Really cool but the animation was a bit meh and it was very, very cheesy XD


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A Meta-Analysis of High Resolution Audio Perceptual Evaluation - June 2016
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Synthetic Reverberator - January 1960
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Sound Board: High-Resolution Audio - October 2015
4 comments
AES E-Library
A Boundary-Element Approach to Finite-Element Radiation Problems
Computer simulation of audio transducers has become a viable approach to producing optimum designs in a timely manner. As the need for improved detail and accuracy of these simulations increases, more powerful techniques must be developed. The available techniques for loudspeaker simulation are first reviewed briefly and then a derivation is given of a "boundary element" for use in finite-element modeling of loudspeakers.
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text: Canadian Apartment Properties REIT Company Profile (TSE:CAR) Analyst Ratings Earnings Estimates Dividends Insider Trades Headlines Company Profile Chart Analyst Ratings Consensus Ratings for Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (TSE:CAR) (?) The ratings breakdown includes the most recent rating from each analyst that has rated the stock within the last twelve months. The ratings score is a calculation of the average number of sell, hold, buy and strong buy ratings (0-1.5 = Sell, 1.5-2.5 = Hold, 2.5-3.5 = Buy, >3.5 = Strong Buy). The consensus price target is a mean average of the most recent price target set by each analyst that has set a price target for the stock in the last twelve months.Ratings Breakdown: 1 Hold Rating(s)Consensus Rating:Hold (Score: 2.00)Consensus Price Target: N/A Analysts' Ratings History for Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (TSE:CAR) Show: All Ratings For This Stock Only the Most Recent Rating From Each Brokerage DateFirmActionRatingPrice TargetActions10/20/2015DesjardinsReiterated RatingHold (Data available from 7/28/2014 forward) Earnings Earnings History for Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (TSE:CAR)DateQuarterConsensus EstimateActual EPSRevenue EstimateActual RevenueRelease LinkConference CallActions8/11/2014$0.42$0.42ViewN/A (Data available from 1/1/2011 forward) Estimates Earnings Estimates for Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (TSE:CAR)QuarterNumber of EstimatesLow EstimateHigh EstimateAverage EstimateQ1 20165$0.40$0.42$0.41Q2 20165$0.45$0.47$0.46Q3 20163$0.46$0.47$0.46Q4 20165$0.44$0.46$0.45Q1 20172$0.42$0.42$0.42Q2 20173$0.47$0.49$0.48Q3 20172$0.47$0.48$0.48Q4 20173$0.45$0.46$0.46(Data provided by Zacks Investment Research) Dividends Dividend History for Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (TSE:CAR)No dividend announcements for this company have been tracked by MarketBeat.com Insider Trades Insider Trading History for Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (TSE:CAR)No insider trades for this company have been tracked by MarketBeat.com Headlines Latest Headlines for Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (TSE:CAR)DateHeadline05/27/16 02:14 PMCANADIAN APARTMENT PROPERTIES REIT : ex-dividend day - 05/16 CANADIAN APARTMENT PROPERTIES REIT: CAPREIT Announces May 2016 Distribution 05/06 CANADIAN APARTMENT PROPERTIES REIT: CAPREIT Reports Continued Growth and Strong.. 04/26 CANADIAN APARTMENT PROPERTIES REIT: CAPREIT Acquires Greater Toronto Area Townh..05/26/16 03:23 PMCAPREIT Announces Election of Trustees - TORONTO, ONTARIO -- (Marketwired) -- 05/25/16 -- Canadian Apartment Properties Real Estate Investment Trust (TSX: CAR.UN) ("CAPREIT") announced today that, at its Annual and Special Meeting of Unitholders held today, all of the nominees for election as ... Social About Canadian Apartment Properties REIT Avis Budget Group Inc. is a provider of vehicle rental and car sharing services. The Company operates three brands, which include Avis, Budget and Zipcar. Avis is a rental car supplier and Budget is a rental vehicle supplier. The Company also own Payless, a car rental brand and Apex, which is a car rental brand in New Zealand and Australia. The Company operates in three segments: North America, International and Truck Rental. North America segment provides car rentals in the United States and vehicle rentals in Canada, as well as ancillary products and services. International segment provides and licenses the Company's brands to third parties for vehicle rentals and ancillary products in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, South America, Central America, the Caribbean, Australia and New Zealand. Truck Rental segment provides truck rentals and ancillary products and services to consumers and commercial users in the United States. Industry, Sector and Symbol: Sector: N/A Industry: N/A Sub-Industry: N/A Exchange: TSE Symbol: CAR CUSIP: Key Metrics: Previous Close: $0.0050 Day Moving Average: $200 Day Moving Average: $P/E Ratio: P/E Growth: Market Cap: $Current Year EPS Consensus Estimate: $ EPSNext Year EPS Consensus Estimate: $ EPS Additional Links: View CAR on Google FinanceView CAR on Yahoo FinanceView CAR's Company Profile on ReutersSearch for Canadian Apartment Properties REIT on Google Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (TSE:CAR) Chart for Thursday, July, 28, 2016


text:
Taking snapshop of flash game
This project received 2 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $83 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budget$30 - $100 USD
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Project Description
I have a flash game site with different kind of flash games. I would like to provide a snapshot button on the page where the game is being shown and played. If the user clicks that button during the flash game, I want to be able to create a gif/jpg/png of the flash game on the server.
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Search term
The official statistics of justice reflect the volume of work of, and the work completed by, courts and public prosecution offices. In addition, they collect data on specific demographic and factual legal variables in the areas of criminal prosecution by the courts, the execution of sentences and probation assistance. Hence, the statistics of justice provide the judicial administration with information for planning and monitoring the efficient use of resources by the judicial authorities. Besides, they offer important basic data to political decision-makers for evaluating and advancing existing laws and policies relating to criminal law. Last but not least, the statistics are used by criminologists as a basis for their research and by the general public as a source of information about, for instance, criminal offences registered by the courts.
Jurisdiction is exercised, on the one hand, by courts of general jurisdiction dealing with civil, family and criminal matters, and on the other, by special courts dealing, for instance, with matters of administrative or fiscal law. Each of these branches of jurisdiction is divided into several levels or instances: four instances for courts of general jurisdiction, ranging from local courts via regional and higher regional courts to the Federal Court of Justice; three instances for labour, administrative and social courts; and two instances for fiscal courts. It is generally possible to appeal from decisions of first-instance courts and to have these decisions examined by higher-instance courts in appellate proceedings on fact and law or appellate proceedings on a point of law. While the factual assessment of a case is in the focus of appellate proceedings on fact and law, appellate proceedings on a point of law deal only with the legal assessment of a case.
The criminal prosecution statistics provide information on defendants adjudicated and defendants convicted. The general Penal Code is applied to adults (21 years or over), while juveniles (14 to under 18 years) are treated in accordance with juvenile criminal law. Depending on their moral and intellectual maturity, young adults (18 to under 21 years) are tried under either the general Penal Code or juvenile criminal law.
The statistics on the execution of sentences provide information on penal institutions, their occupancy capacities and the actual occupancy rates in selected calendar months (number of convicted prisoners by type of imprisonment) as well as on changes in the numbers of inmates during the reference month (prisoner flow). Data on personal (age, marital status) and criminological variables (criminal offence, type and length of imprisonment, criminal record) are only collected for convicted prisoners and persons in preventive detention as of 31 March.
For current press releases on the theme of justice please go to our press pages.
On our special page you will find information on people seeking refuge.
© Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden 2016
Imprint – contact


text:
a chat notification type sound
Created by layering sounds from a Roland Gaia synthesizer in Sony Acid.
thank you for this :)
I'll use it in a video of mine if it's ok
Nice one!!
Thank you for this! Used it as a text message notification in a concept video. :-)
(link to video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J42sxqQmucQ)
I thought i'd say thanks too. So, thanks! The sound saved me after years of terror inflicted by the previous notification sound we had.
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text:
Roxio Easy Media Creator 7.5
Roxio's Easy Media Creator (EMC) 7.5 Supersonic is the result of years of acquisitions within the specialist media software industry. It pulls together tools such as VideoWave Photosuite, that Roxio inherited when it bought out MGI, and adds the applications Sonic Solutions brought to the party after acquiring Roxio.
The result is a comprehensive suite designed to help with a wide range of tasks relating to digital video, images and audio. EMC 7.5 contains a host of tools that help organise and edit image collections. It does the same thing for video and audio, and lets you burn the results to DVD or CD.
What's new?
Sonic's purchase of Roxio sees the addition of three elements. Backup MyPC Deluxe 6.0 (reviewed on page 34, July issue) safeguards the data on your PC and assists with recovery, should disaster strike. It's worth half the purchase price on its own, as it sells separately for $89.99 and is a simple, intuitive piece of software that makes backing up easy even for novices.
Another addition is MyDVD Slideshow, a cut-down version of Sonic's DVD-authoring software. Rather than doing the whole job, this program is optimised for creating photo slideshow discs. It's something of a one-trick pony, but more tightly focused as a result - and certainly easier to use than the more complex DVD Builder, which is included also.
The final bonus that Sonic adds to the mix is CinePlayer 2.0. This is more stable than Roxio's playback software, which was bundled with the previous version of EMC.
Other than Sonic's input, extras included LP and Tape Assistant, which will convert analog music into digital files; Easy Audio Capture, a feature that grabs online content such as Web radio broadcasts, and Sound Editor for manipulating and editing audio files. Enhancements in this version include automatic silence detection, while improved restoration features are designed to remove those unwanted noises such as hisses, clicks and crackles.
Core blimey
Aside from these welcome additions, though, the suite's core applications remain the same: PhotoSuite 7.0 Platinum, VideoWave 7.0 Professional and the DVD-authoring and burning tools DVD Builder, Disc Copier and Creator Classic.
All programs are available from the home page - an intuitive interface from which the required applications or tools can be selected. There's also a list of tasks divided into types - for example, you will find "Copy an audio CD" or "Create a new MP3 disc" under the Audio heading. Selecting the tasks you want to carry out takes you directly to the software you need to do it. It's a perfect approach for beginners who might not immediately know which program or tool to pick for the job in hand, and our only gripe was that opening applications and toggling between different elements of the suite seemed rather slow.
Within each category, the software can handle pretty much any authoring task you wish to perform. And once you've installed EMC you don't need any other media software, which will come as a relief if you rely on a mishmash of products to manage your digital content at the moment. EMC 7.5's all-embracing approach is particularly apt, coming as it does at a time when we rely increasingly on digital media.
Some tasks, however, are impossible to make simple - or indeed suitable - for the average PC. Working with video is a case in point. VideoWave is one of the best consumer video-editing packages, but like its competition, can be hard to master.
Movie magic
Luckily, there's a quicker way to create a home movie with soundtrack: CineMagic can automatically edit your raw footage into a finished production. Not surprisingly, it doesn't have the finesse of something you've slaved over, but its simple, wizard-based approach makes playing with video much more accessible.
Once you have created your movie, you can use the software to burn it to a disc for playback. This is where the new DivX-to-DVD Creator comes in. It's a feature that allows you to convert DivX files into a VideoTS folder. You can then record this to DVD using Disc Copier, so you can play your DivX content on a standalone DVD player. DivX-to-DVD Creator also means you can take video content downloaded from the Internet, burn it to a disc and watch it on your TV, rather than having to view it on a PC.
Verdict Although it offers a daunting amount of possibilities, Roxio's EMC 7.5 is generally easy to use (although it can be frustratingly slow). It offers great value and its friendly interface makes it a great introduction to the subject for novices, while sophisticated features cater for experienced users. Ursula Seymour
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text:
Spider Baby
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He is supported by the incredible talents of Jill Banner who plays the title character, Virginia, who thinks she is a human spider and lurches around the house with daggers drawn searching for prey. Her sexy and disturbing "spider dance" as she taunts her male victim is mentioned in many of the reviews I've read, and with good reason. The eldest, Ralphie (Sid Haig), prowls around the yard snatching up felines to roast for dinner. Carol Ohmart, the stunning beauty who appeared as Vincent Price's wife in "House on Haunted Hill" delivers a thrill by being quite scantily clad by the finale.Read more ›
Hill's script deals with an imaginary medical condition known as "Merrye's Syndrome", a "rotting of the brain" a disease so awful many authorities are in denial of its existance. The result of inbreeding, the sufferer experiences age regression, which is to say as the body grows, the mind gets younger. SPIDER BABY tells the story of "that fateful day ten years ago" that Merrye's Syndrome was wiped out forever.
Despite their name, the Merrye family are anything but and make the Addams family look like the Cleavers by comparison.
Horror legend Lon Chaney Jr has one of his best roles as Bruno Schlocker, the Merrye family's new chauffeur- though unknown to him the previous driver was "webbed" by Virginia Merrye (Jill Banner), one of their cute but deranged daughters. As if that wasn't enough the poor chap also had his ears hacked off with a pair of carving knives. What a lovely young lady. The other psychotic daughter is Elizabeth (Beverly Washburn) also cute, but suffering from radical brain rot. And last but not least is Ralph (Sid Haig) an unfortunate fellow who stalks and kills domestic cats, which the Merryes then roast and serve to their guests; who are told they're eating rabbit. Ironically, the Merrye family are all vegans because.... nope. No spoilers.
During dinner one of the guests asks Bruno: "Isn't Ralph a vegetarian too?" to which Bruno replies: "Yes, but Ralph's allowed to eat anything that he catches".Read more ›
If you like the bizarre with a comic twist, this is your film. No real blood and gore here, just a neat little movie with a black and white, Sixties TV show kind of look. This movie was way ahead of its time, with an Addams Family feel to it. In fact, from watching the Addams Family on TV and enjoying the Charles Addams cartoons, I always had the feeling that this creepy stuff was really what they were doing just off camera or in their cartoon basement.
The camera work, direction, and most of the acting are excellent. Also, the added features, the 30th cast reunion and newly-discovered eight minutes (an interesting curio that really doesn't add to or take away from anything in the theatrical cut) adds to the overall package.
My only complaint is the sound level seems to drop in a few places in the movie, but considering how rare this film is, that is a very minor observation. I don't mind hitting the volume control a couple of times to get to enjoy this gem over and over.
Jack Hill and his Spider Baby cast rock big time!
Most recent customer reviews
This was entirely an impulse buy. I never even heard of tihs film until I saw it on this site and bought it immediately. Honestly, I just liked the cover. Read morePublished on May 15 2003
Here's a story of one messed up family, afflicted by a genetic condition that gradually deteriorates the mind and reverts the afflicted to a savage state, behold the Merrye... Read morePublished on May 13 2003 by Ryan Costantino
...BR>The DVD print looks beautiful and I believe this was Lon Chaney's greatest role from the 1950s up til his death. It's scary! Read morePublished on Dec 26 2002 by John Jordan
I had never seen or heard of this movie I was browsing the DVD rental store picked it up went home and popped it into the dvd player and then couldnt walk away. Read morePublished on Dec 15 2002 by Victor Robles
In the past, I have always approached Jack Hill's movies with a little bit of excitement, a little bit of curiousity, and a little bit of trepidation, as I do with any cult movie. Read morePublished on Aug. 24 2002 by A. Turner
Another of those neglected films I'd heard about but never found available, "SPIDER BABY" is a genuine find. Wow. Read morePublished on Aug. 23 2002 by Mark Norvell
Jack Hill's <i>Spider Baby</i> (1964) is a genuinely creepy romp through the finals days of the Merrye family, complete with cannibalism and homicidal jailbait (how... Read morePublished on July 16 2002 by Brandon Blackmoor
Unearthing "Spider Baby" was one of the greatest finds in cinematic history. It features one of the best performances of Lon Chaney, Jr. in his entire career. Read morePublished on Feb. 8 2002 by Michael King
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