text: Mueller Industries Company Profile (NYSE:MLI) Analyst Ratings Earnings Estimates Dividends Insider Trades Headlines Social Company Profile Chart Analyst Ratings Consensus Ratings for Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI) (?) The ratings breakdown includes the most recent rating from each analyst that has rated the stock within the last twelve months. The ratings score is a calculation of the average number of sell, hold, buy and strong buy ratings (0-1.5 = Sell, 1.5-2.5 = Hold, 2.5-3.5 = Buy, >3.5 = Strong Buy). The consensus price target is a mean average of the most recent price target set by each analyst that has set a price target for the stock in the last twelve months.Ratings Breakdown: No ratings tracked in the last 12 months.Consensus Rating:N/A (Score: NaN)Consensus Price Target: N/A Analysts' Ratings History for Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI) Show: All Ratings For This Stock Only the Most Recent Rating From Each Brokerage No equities research coverage for this company has been tracked by MarketBeat.com Earnings Earnings History for Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI)DateQuarterConsensus EstimateActual EPSRevenue EstimateActual RevenueRelease LinkConference CallActions10/18/2016 7/19/2016Q2$0.55$0.49ViewN/A 4/19/2016Q1$0.40$0.50ViewN/A 2/2/2016Q4$0.28$0.21ViewN/A 10/20/2015Q3$0.35$0.31ViewN/A 7/21/2015Q2$0.65$0.47$649.70 million$555.60 millionViewN/A 4/21/2015Q115$0.49$0.39$574.40 million$537.20 millionViewN/A 2/3/2015Q414$0.45$0.32$619.01 million$537.30 millionViewN/A 10/21/2014Q3$0.47$0.42$621.77 million$602.80 millionViewN/A 7/22/2014Q413$0.45$0.62$620.00 million$649.70 millionViewN/A 4/22/2014Q313$0.44$0.44$625.00 million$574.40 millionViewN/A 2/5/2014Q4$0.70$0.54$509.56 million$487.72 millionViewN/A 10/22/2013Q213$0.91$0.69$570.00 million$528.80 millionViewN/A 7/23/2013Q2 2013$0.85$0.90$579.92 million$582.30 millionViewN/A 4/23/2013Q1 2013$0.80$0.93$577.70 million$559.70 millionViewN/A 2/5/2013Q4 2012$0.55$0.58$210.00 million$504.01 millionViewN/A 10/23/2012$0.49$0.41ViewN/A 7/24/2012$0.65$0.47ViewN/A 4/24/2012$0.65$0.69ViewN/A 2/7/2012$0.34$0.34ViewN/A 10/25/2011$0.55$0.39ViewN/A (Data available from 1/1/2011 forward) Estimates Earnings Estimates for Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI)No earnings estimates for this company have been tracked by MarketBeat.com Dividends Current Dividend Information for Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI)Annual Dividend:$0.40Dividend Yield:1.18%Payout Ratio:24.24% (Based on Trailing 12 Months of Earnings) 25.81% (Based on Current Year Consensus EPS Estimate)20.00% (Based on Next Year Consensus EPS Estimate)Dividend Growth:12.20% (3 Year Average)Dividend History for Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI)AnnouncedPeriodAmountYieldEx-Dividend DateRecord DatePayable DateShare5/6/2016quarterly$0.101.29%5/27/20166/1/20166/15/2016 2/19/2016quarterly$0.081.16%3/2/20163/4/20163/18/2016 11/9/2015quarterly$0.080.97%11/25/201511/30/201512/14/2015 7/30/2015quarterly$0.080.93%9/2/20159/4/20159/18/2015 5/8/2015quarterly$0.080.84%5/28/20156/1/20156/15/2015 2/23/2015quarterly$0.080.85%2/26/20153/2/20153/13/2015 11/12/2014quarterly$0.080.92%11/26/201412/1/201412/15/2014 8/1/2014quarterly$0.081.06%9/3/20149/5/20149/19/2014 5/2/2014quarterly$0.081.07%5/29/20146/2/20146/16/2014 2/21/2014quarterly$0.150.98%2/27/20143/3/20143/14/2014 11/11/2013quarterly$0.130.85%11/27/201312/2/201312/16/2013 8/2/2013quarterly$0.130.88%9/4/20139/6/20139/20/2013 5/3/2013quarterly$0.130.98%5/30/20136/3/20136/17/2013 2/15/2013quarterly$0.130.91%2/27/20133/1/20133/15/2013 (Data available from 1/1/2013 forward) Insider Trades Insider Trading History for Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI)Transaction DateInsider NameTitleBuy/SellNumber of SharesAverage Share PriceTotal TransactionActions5/27/2016Gennaro J FulvioDirectorSell6,460$31.09$200,841.40 5/16/2016John B HansenDirectorSell5,000$30.01$150,050.00 5/6/2016John B HansenDirectorSell5,000$30.43$152,150.00 2/22/2016Richard W CormanVPSell25,074$26.31$659,696.94 2/16/2016John B HansenDirectorSell2,000$25.57$51,140.00 11/16/2015Richard W CormanVPSell16,673$30.28$504,858.44 8/28/2015Douglas John MurdockInsiderSell4,000$31.50$126,000.00 4/28/2015John B HansenDirectorSell2,000$36.54$73,080.00 2/6/2015John B HansenDirectorSell1,000$34.70$34,700.00 11/3/2014Gregory L ChristopherCEOSell40,000$32.50$1,300,000.00 10/24/2014Gennaro J FulvioDirectorSell8,045$30.80$247,786.00 10/23/2014Daniel R CorbinVPSell7,072$30.38$214,847.36 5/8/2014Scott Jay GoldmanDirectorSell2,000$28.82$57,640.00 2/18/2014John HansenEVPSell5,789$61.16$354,055.24 2/18/2014Richard CormanVPSell5,000$61.50$307,500.00 2/13/2014Daniel CorbinVPSell2,616$61.02$159,628.32 12/10/2013Gregory ChristopherCEOSell20,000$60.54$1,210,800.00 11/12/2013Richard CormanVPSell5,000$58.96$294,800.00 11/5/2013Scott Jay GoldmanDirectorSell1,000$60.08$60,080.00 7/3/2013Gregory L ChristopherCEOSell15,000$52.00$780,000.00 11/28/2012Alexander Philip FederbushDirectorBuy2,000$46.71$93,420.00 11/7/2012Alexander Philip FederbushDirectorSell5,000$45.42$227,100.00 (Data available from 1/1/2013 forward) Headlines Latest Headlines for Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI)DateHeadline07/27/16 08:10 AMCopper prices impact second quarter results for Mueller07/26/16 06:28 AMMueller Industries, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2016 Earnings - [at noodls] - MEMPHIS, Tenn., July 26, 2016 -- Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE: MLI) announced today net income of $27.8 million, or 49 cents per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2016. In the second quarter of ...07/20/16 11:42 AMETF's with exposure to Mueller Industries, Inc. : July 20, 2016 - 06/28/16 08:12 AMMueller Industries, Inc. breached its 50 day moving average in a Bearish Manner : MLI-US : June 28, 2016 - 05/30/16 12:46 PMMueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE:MLI) 1-Year High At $36.30 - Investor Newswire - Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE:MLI) 1-Year High At $36.30Investor NewswireYesterday, the stock of Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE:MLI) closed at $31.12 after opening at $31.24 and registering high of $31.42 and low of $30.83. The last price is $-5.16 away 1-year high of $36.30 and $8.05 away from low of $23.09 during same period.Next Weeks Broker Price Targets For Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE:MLI)Share Trading Newsall 2 news articles »05/27/16 01:01 PMMueller Industries, Inc. (MLI) Ex-Dividend Date Scheduled for May 27, 2016 - Nasdaq - Mueller Industries, Inc. (MLI) Ex-Dividend Date Scheduled for May 27, 2016NasdaqMueller Industries, Inc. ( MLI ) will begin trading ex-dividend on May 27, 2016. A cash dividend payment of $0.1 per share is scheduled to be paid on June 15, 2016. Shareholders who purchased MLI prior to the ex-dividend date are eligible for the cash ...05/20/16 07:04 AMMueller Industries, Inc. breached its 50 day moving average in a Bullish Manner : MLI-US : May 20, 2016 - 05/06/16 03:23 PMMUELLER INDUSTRIES INC Files SEC form 8-K, Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders, Other Events, Financi - 05/06/16 06:45 AMBRIEF-Reg-Mueller Industries increases cash dividend for second quarter - * Mueller industries, inc. Announces increase in cash dividend for second quarter 05/06/16 06:14 AMMueller Industries, Inc. Announces Increase in Cash Dividend for Second Quarter - [at noodls] - MEMPHIS, Tenn., May 6, 2016 -- Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE: MLI) announced today that its Board of Directors has declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on its common stock of 10 cents per share, ...05/06/16 06:07 AMMueller Industries raises dividend 33% - 04/29/16 02:10 PMETF's with exposure to Mueller Industries, Inc. : April 29, 2016 - 04/28/16 09:51 AMMueller Industries, Inc. :MLI-US: Earnings Analysis: Q1, 2016 By the Numbers - 04/27/16 03:46 PMMUELLER INDUSTRIES INC Files SEC form 10-Q, Quarterly Report - 04/26/16 08:12 AMMueller Industries posts 1Q profit - 04/26/16 06:16 AMMueller Industries, Inc. Reports First Quarter 2016 Results - [at noodls] - MEMPHIS, Tenn., April 26, 2016 -- Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE: MLI) announced that net income for the first quarter of 2016 was $28.6 million, or 50 cents per diluted share, compared with net income ...03/24/16 03:55 PMMUELLER INDUSTRIES INC Files SEC form 8-K, Regulation FD Disclosure, Financial Statements and Exhibits - 02/24/16 03:55 PMMUELLER INDUSTRIES INC Files SEC form 10-K, Annual Report - 02/20/16 06:02 AM7:02 am Mueller Industries acquires 60% equity interest in Jungwoo Metal Ind.; terms not disclosed - 02/19/16 06:01 AMMueller Industries, Inc. Enters Into Definitive Agreement to Acquire a Majority Interest in Jungwoo Metal Ind. Co., Ltd - [GlobeNewswire] - MEMPHIS, Tenn., February 19, 2016 - Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE: MLI) announced today the signing of an agreement providing for the purchase of a 60 percent equity interest in Jungwoo Metal Ind. Co., ...02/18/16 11:47 AMMueller Industries, Inc. Declares Cash Dividend for First Quarter - [GlobeNewswire] - MEMPHIS, Tenn., February 18, 2016 -- Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE: MLI) announced today that its Board of Directors has declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of 7.5 cents per share on its common ...02/04/16 09:49 AMMueller Industries, Inc. Earnings Analysis: 2015 By the Numbers - 02/02/16 11:16 AMMUELLER INDUSTRIES INC Files SEC form 8-K, Results of Operations and Financial Condition, Financial Statements and Ex - 02/02/16 10:30 AMCEO forecasts 2016 copper prices, affect on Mueller - 02/02/16 07:57 AMMueller Industries posts 4Q profit - 02/02/16 06:01 AMMueller Industries, Inc. Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2015 Earnings - [GlobeNewswire] - MEMPHIS, Tenn., February 2, 2016-- Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE: MLI) announced today that net income for the fourth quarter ending December 26, 2015 was $14.4 million, or 25 cents per diluted share. ...01/28/16 06:39 PMMueller Industries Inc. (MLI) - Mueller Industries, Inc. manufactures and sells plumbing, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning products, as well as refrigeration and industrial products in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, and China. Its Plumbing & Refrigeration ...01/08/16 12:00 PM'Fishing' For Super Stocks Snags 2 Proven Winners - 12/30/15 04:27 PMMUELLER INDUSTRIES INC Files SEC form 8-K, Other Events, Financial Statements and Exhibits - 12/30/15 04:16 PMMueller Industries, Inc. Announces the Signing of a Joint Venture Agreement - [at noodls] - MEMPHIS, Tenn., December 30, 2015 -- Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE: MLI) announced today the signing of a joint venture agreement with Cayan Ventures and Bahrain Mumtalakat Holding Company to build a ...12/09/15 03:08 PMMUELLER INDUSTRIES INC Files SEC form 8-K, Amendments to Articles of Inc. or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year, Financial - 12/08/15 12:16 PMMUELLER INDUSTRIES INC Financials - 12/03/15 08:32 AMMueller Industries, Inc. breached its 50 day moving average in a Bearish Manner : December 3, 2015 - 11/24/15 07:49 AMHere Is What Hedge Funds Think About Mueller Industries, Inc. (MLI) - 11/23/15 09:03 AMETF's with exposure to Mueller Industries, Inc. : November 23, 2015 - 11/20/15 11:42 AMMueller Industries, Inc. – Value Analysis (NYSE:MLI) : November 20, 2015 - 11/19/15 07:35 AMMueller Industries, Inc. breached its 50 day moving average in a Bullish Manner : November 19, 2015 - 11/06/15 04:14 PMMueller Industries, Inc. Declares Cash Dividend for Fourth Quarter - [at noodls] - MEMPHIS, Tenn., November 6, 2015 -- Mueller Industries, Inc. (NYSE: MLI) announced today that its Board of Directors has declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of 7.5 cents per share on its common ...11/05/15 11:10 AMMueller Industries, Inc. Earnings Q3, 2015 - Social About Mueller Industries Mueller Industries, Inc. (Mueller) is a manufacturer of copper, brass, aluminum and plastic products. The Company operates through two segments: Plumbing & Refrigeration and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM). Its Plumbing & Refrigeration segment consists of Standard Products (SPD), Great Lakes Copper Ltd. (Great Lakes), European Operations and Mexican Operations. Its OEM segment consists of Industrial Products (IPD) and Engineered Products (EPD). The Company's products include copper tube and fittings; brass and copper alloy rod, bar, and shapes; aluminum and brass forgings; aluminum and copper impact extrusions; plastic fittings and valves; refrigeration valves and fittings; fabricated tubular products; and steel nipples. The Company also resells imported brass and plastic plumbing valves, malleable iron fittings, faucets and plumbing specialty products. Mueller's operations are located throughout the United States and in Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, and China. Industry, Sector and Symbol: Sector: Industrial Products Industry: Metal Fabrication Sub-Industry: Industrial Machinery Exchange: NYSE Symbol: MLI CUSIP: 62475610 Key Metrics: Previous Close: $34.0450 Day Moving Average: $32.75200 Day Moving Average: $29.49P/E Ratio: 21.96P/E Growth: 1.85Market Cap: $1.92BBeta: 0.91Current Year EPS Consensus Estimate: $1.55 EPSNext Year EPS Consensus Estimate: $2.00 EPS Additional Links: View MLI on Google FinanceView MLI on Yahoo FinanceView MLI's Company Profile on ReutersSearch for Mueller Industries Inc. on Google Mueller Industries (NYSE:MLI) Chart for Friday, July, 29, 2016


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So What's the Deal With Ash Wednesday?
Chances are you'll see a bunch of folks walking around with shmutz on their foreheads this Wednesday. The 'Splainer asks what having a dirty forehead has to do with being a Christian and why this ritual is gaining in popularity.
Q: Excuse me, but why do you have dirt on your forehead?
A: Wednesday is Ash Wednesday, the day many Christians mark as the first day of Lent, the time of reflection and penitence leading up to Easter Sunday. Clergy all over the world dispense ashes, usually made by burning the palm fronds distributed on last year's Palm Sunday, making the sign of the cross on the bowed foreheads before them. As they "impose" or "dispense" the ashes, the pastor or priest reminds each Christian of Genesis 3:19: "For dust you are and to dust you shall return."
Q: Well, that's cheerful. Why would anyone want to start a workday on such a downer?
A: It isn't intended to be a downer. It's supposed to be a reminder that our lives are short and we must live them to the fullest. OK, maybe it's a little bit of a downer — that verse from Genesis is what God said to Adam and Eve when he expelled them from the Garden of Eden for their sins. But there's a big party the night before Ash Wednesday. That's Mardi Gras, or "Fat Tuesday," a secular observance that evolved out of "Shrove Tuesday," the last hurrah – usually marked by eating of pancakes or other sinfully sweet foods – before the solemnity and penance of Lent set in.


text:
Focused ultrasound (FUS) can be used to locally and temporally enhance vascular permeability, improving the efficiency of drug delivery from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. However, it is difficult to evaluate in real time the effect induced by FUS and to noninvasively observe the permeability enhancement. In this study, speckle-variance optical coherence tomography (SVOCT) was implemented for the investigation of temporal effects on vessels induced by FUS treatment. With OCT scanning, the dynamic change in vessels during FUS exposure can be observed and studied. Moreover, the vascular effects induced by FUS treatment with and without the presence of microbubbles were investigated and quantitatively compared. Additionally, 2D and 3D speckle-variance images were used for quantitative observation of blood leakage from vessels due to the permeability enhancement caused by FUS, which could be an indicator that can be used to determine the influence of FUS power exposure. In conclusion, SVOCT can be a useful tool for monitoring FUS treatment in real time, facilitating the dynamic observation of temporal effects and helping to determine the optimal FUS power.
© 2014 Optical Society of America
1. Introduction
The endothelium is one thin layer composed of endothelial cells that lines the interior surface of a vessel, forming an interface between the blood and the rest of the vessel wall [1]. Such a structure becomes a physical barrier between the interior of the vessel and the surrounding tissue, and also limits drug delivery to intended targets. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can concentrate the ultrasound energy on a target without damaging the surrounding tissue, enabling disruption of the barriers and enhancement of the vascular permeability to increase the efficiency of drug delivery. Thus, FUS has become a potential tool to affect the endothelium for enhancement of vascular permeability [2,3], treatment of thrombolysis [4,5], and transient blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening [6,7]. Previous studies have demonstrated that FUS can enhance enzymatic thrombolysis by increasing the transport of thrombolytic agents into clots. In addition, the previous results have shown that FUS is promising for tumor chemotherapy due to improved nanodrug delivery. Moreover, to further improve the efficiency of FUS treatment, microbubbles have been employed during FUS exposure to facilitate thrombolysis even without the administration of thrombolytic agents. In addition, BBB disruption using FUS in the presence of microbubbles can increase the efficiency of localized chemotherapeutic drug delivery for brain tumor treatment [8]. Also, when the acoustic wave interacts with microbubbles, the local tissue motion contributed from microbubble oscillation may be enhanced, and physiological effects on blood vessels have been observed [9,10]. Although FUS treatment has become a novel method for enhancing drug delivery, it is difficult to investigate the dynamic and temporal effects on blood vessels noninvasively. Moreover, the local motion/vibration caused by FUS exposure is difficult to observe and is poorly understood, owing to strict spatial and temporal requirements. Also, the effect of FUS exposure can be influenced by acoustic parameters, such as acoustic pressure, exposure duration, or exposure mode (continuous or pulsed waves). Therefore, an imaging technique with high-resolution and high-temporal resolution is required to monitor and evaluate the effects of FUS treatment in a more detailed way.
Currently, the permeability enhancement due to FUS exposure can be visualized by using a fluorescent dye as a contrast agent under fluorescence microscopy [11,12], However, with fluorescence microscopy, only superficial effects can be observed, and it is difficult to observe the permeability enhancement in the deeper structures. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [13–16] has been utilized to observe the effects induced by FUS in animal models. However, it is difficult to image the microvascular structures with MRI, due to the resolution limit. Moreover, to obtain high-resolution anatomical images, histology is the gold standard for realizing the morphological changes induced by FUS [6,17]. Although histology can accurately identify the permeability enhancement and the structural changes due to FUS exposure, it is a time-consuming and invasive method. Moreover, both MRI and histology are difficult to use for real-time monitoring of the dynamic changes of vessels. Currently, FUS-induced morphological changes to biological tissue and vessels are poorly understood as is the relationship between the morphological changes and permeability.
In 1991, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was invented to noninvasively probe the internal microstructures of tissue; this technique has been widely used for various biomedical applications due to its noninvasive, label-free, high-speed, and high-resolution imaging characteristics [18,19]. Based on an interferometer configuration, the microstructure of a sample can be obtained. Before the development of Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT) [20,21], the standard technique was time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) [22,23], in which mechanical scanning in the reference arm of an interferometer was required to modulate the optical path difference between the reference and sample arms. However, such a mechanism suffers from a limited scanning range and speed. Thus, to improve the imaging speed of OCT systems, FD-OCT was developed, including spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) [24–26] and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) [27–29]. In FD-OCT systems, the amplitude and echo time delay of the backscattered light can be resolved through a fast Fourier transform of the interference spectrum without any mechanical scanning in the reference arm. For an SD-OCT system, a wavelength-resolved interference signal can be detected by a spectrometer composed of a grating and a line scan camera. In contrast, in an SS-OCT system, a high-speed swept source is employed to induce the wavelength-resolved (time-resolved) interference signal, which can be detected by a balanced detector. Because of the improvements that have been made to line scan cameras and swept sources, either SD-OCT or SS-OCT can provide a superior imaging speed and sensitivity, making the real-time reconstruction of microstructures of biological tissue feasible. Moreover, compared to TD-OCT, previous reports have demonstrated that FD-OCT has superior performance in terms of the sensitivity and the imaging speed over those of TD-OCT systems [30,31].
Aside from three-dimensionally reconstructing the microstructures of biological tissue, there has been intensive development of functional imaging abilities, such as angiography [32–36,38–44], birefringence [45,46], and spectroscopic properties [47,48]. In the past decade, numerous groups have focused on the development of angiography techniques based on OCT, including phase-resolved Doppler OCT (PRDOCT) [32,33], scattering optical coherence angiography [34,35], speckle variance [36,38–40], optical micro-angiography [41,42], and correlation mapping method [43,44]. Based on the calculation of the Doppler frequency shift between adjacent A-scans, the flow velocity can be estimated. Recently, OCT has also become a novel method for intravascular imaging for detecting cardiac diseases [49,50]. Furthermore, birefringence of biological tissue can be measured with polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT). Previous research showed that PS-OCT can be implemented for diagnosis of sun damage, burn depth, or skin aging. Moreover, some groups proposed that multispectral OCT can be used to investigate the spectroscopic properties of biological tissue, such as absorption, scattering, and attenuation.
In this study, we propose to use speckle-variance OCT (SVOCT) for investigation of temporal and local effects on biological tissue and vessels due to FUS exposure. With OCT scanning, the dynamic changes during FUS exposure are studied. Moreover, to further characterize the occurrence of blood leakage resulting from the enhancement of vascular permeability, the speckle variance of OCT images is estimated to acquire microvascular images and identify blood leakage based on the increase in speckle variance. The treatment effects induced by FUS with and without microbubbles are also demonstrated and compared.
2. System setup and experimental methods
2.1 OCT and FUS systems setup
In this study, we demonstrated an SS-OCT system with a MEMS-based swept source for investigation of vascular effects induced by FUS treatment, as shown in Fig. 1(a). The center wavelength of the swept source (HSL-20, Santec Corp., Japan) is located at 1310 nm with a scanning range of 105 nm. The scanning rate and the output power can achieve values of 100 kHz and 30 mW, respectively. The light source was connected to a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, consisting of two circulators and two couplers. Ninety percent of the laser output power was connected to the sample arm, and an objective lens (LSM02, Thorlabs) was used in the sample arm to provide a lateral resolution of ~10 μm. To resample the interference spectrum, a k-clock signal generated from the light source was utilized as an external clock. In our OCT system, the physical area of OCT imaging is approximately 2 × 2 × 3 mm3, corresponding to 1000 × 500 × 600 voxels. With an A-scan rate of 100 kHz, the frame rate of our OCT system can achieve 100 frames/s, in which each frame consists of 1000 A-scans. In Fig. 1(b), a high-intensity FUS transducer (Imasonics, Besancon, France; diameter: 60 mm, radius of curvature: 80 mm, frequency: 400 kHz, electric-to-acoustic efficiency: 70%) was driven by a function generator (33220A, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) to generate the acoustic wave. Before feeding the driving signal into the FUS transducer, the FUS excitation signal was amplified by a radio-frequency power amplifier (150A100B, Amplifier Research, Souderton, PA) and was monitored by a power meter (Model 4421, Bird, Atlanta). Then, the acoustic wave was transmitted through a homemade water tank and focused on the ear of a mouse, which was mounted on a transparent plastic plate. In our experimental setup, the acoustic wave was focused on the bottom surface of the sample, and the optical beam was incident on the top surface of the sample.
Fig. 1
2.2 Experimental method
Before FUS exposure, the mice (C57 wild-type; male; 7-to-8-weeks old) were anesthetized with isoflurane, and the ears were mounted on a plastic plate. Ultrasound gel was swabbed on both sides of the ear to provide acoustic path coupling. To investigate the effects induced by FUS with microbubbles, an intravenous catheter was then inserted into the tail to allow tail-vein injections of microbubbles (Sonovue, Bracco, Italy). For the FUS exposures, a burst-mode wave was delivered (burst length: 40 ms, pulse repetition frequency: 10 Hz, duration: 120 s). The FUS powers delivered from the ultrasound transducer were set to be 1, 5, 10, and 15 W, which are equivalent to the rarefactional peak pressures of 128, 253, 310, and 408 kPa, respectively. However, to reduce the damage accumulated on a given mouse ear and to better observe the relationship between vascular leakage/deformation and the power that the tissue is exposed to, only four different powers were used in our experiments. When the mouse ear was exposed to ultrasonic pressure, the exposed region was simultaneously scanned by the OCT system. The experiment was repeated, exposing the same location to various FUS powers. To simultaneously record the dynamic changes in biological tissue during FUS exposure, the OCT system was synchronized with the function generator. Because the burst length was set to 40 ms and the frame rate of the OCT system was 100 frames/s, four sequential OCT B-scans could be obtained during each exposure length. The animal testing in this study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung University.
3. 2D OCT scanning results
3.1 Dynamic observation with and without microbubbles
Figure 2 shows the sequential B-scan results taken with the OCT system at the location on the mouse ear that was sequentially exposed to FUS powers of 1, 5, 10, and 15 W without microbubbles. The four sequential images were taken with a temporal spacing of 10 ms. Figures 2(a)–2(d) represent sequential B-scan results before the FUS exposure. Figures 2(e)–2(t) show the sequential B-scan results obtained during exposures with various powers of 1 W (Figs. 2(e)–2(h)), 5 W (Figs. 2(i)–2(l)), 10 W (Figs. 2(m)–2(p)), and 15 W (Figs. 2(q)–2(t)). The black area inside the rectangular region bounded by the dashed lines represents the vessel area; a 3 × magnified version of the vessel area is shown in the lower right corner of each part of the figure. The white arrows in the magnified images represent the interwall separation of the vessel, the value of which can be estimated from OCT images, as shown in the figure. The results show that when the ear was exposed to the higher powers of 10 W and 15 W, a change in the vascular area could be observed, as shown in Figs. 2(m)–2(t), which demonstrate a significant lumen formation and intravascular space change. Moreover, the magnified images show that the vascular area expanded and contracted with the acoustic wave.
Fig. 2
To investigate the morphological changes induced by FUS in the presence of microbubbles, a second set of scans was taken. Figures 3(a)–3(d) represent sequential B-scan results of the same ear location, obtained before FUS exposure and Figs. 3(e)–3(h), 3(i)–3(l), 3(m)–3(p), and 3(q)–3(t) represent the corresponding scan results taken during FUS exposures with powers of 1 W, 5 W, 10 W, and 15 W, respectively. The four sequential images were taken with a temporal interval of 10 ms. Here, all panels in Fig. 3 use the same intensity scale. Again, the black area inside the box marked by the dashed lines represents the vessel area; a 3 × magnified version of each vessel area is shown in the lower right of the corresponding panel. Before FUS exposure, no significant change in the vascular morphology can be found, even during the FUS exposure with the lowest power of 1 W. As the power was increased to more than 5 W, the vascular area became larger than that at the lower powers. In addition, the backscattered intensity of the OCT image decreased with increasing power, especially in the area surrounding the vessel. This was probably due to blood leakage from the vessel into the surrounding tissue, causing an increase in optical absorption.
Fig. 3
To understand the superficial difference between the states before and after exposure to various power levels in the presence or absence of microbubbles, we consider Fig. 4, which shows photographs taken of the mouse ear before and after being exposed to each power level in the experiments of Figs. 2 and 3. The corresponding scanning locations of Figs. 2 and 3 are marked as the red lines in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4(e), the red spot, highlighted by the black arrow, was due to blood leakage when a higher FUS power of 15 W was applied. In contrast, in the presence of microbubbles, blood leakage could be found when the applied power attained a level of 10 W. Thus, the occurrence of permeability enhancement can be found from the photographs, as indicated by the black arrows.
Fig. 4
3.2 Quantitative analysis of changes in vascular areas
Figures 2 and 3 show sequential B-scan images obtained before and during FUS exposures at various powers in the absence and presence of microbubbles. To quantitatively analyze the results of Figs. 2 and 3, the vascular area was estimated, based on the image-processing algorithm proposed in our previous study [51]. First, to investigate the relationship between the change in the vascular area and the ultrasound power, the vascular areas during FUS exposures were compared with that of the same vessel before FUS exposure. Thus, the ratio, is defined for use in evaluating the change in the vascular area induced by FUS, where Am is the mean vascular area of each exposure length. Here, since four sequential B-scans can be obtained during each exposure length, Am was obtained by averaging the areas of the same vessel in the four sequential B-scans. Subsequently, Ao was defined as the mean vascular area of the same vessel before FUS exposure, which was obtained by averaging the areas of the same vessel in the twenty sequential B-scans obtained before FUS exposure. In our experiments, the mouse ear was exposed with a FUS exposure duration of 120 s for each power level, and the repetition frequency was set to be 10 Hz. For statistical analysis of R values, the last twenty exposure lengths were chosen to estimate the mean and standard deviation of R values for each power level. Figure 5(a) shows the means and standard deviations of R values at powers of 1, 5, 10, and 15 W. Figure 5(a) shows that the mean of the R values (gray column) gradually increased with increasing power when microbubbles were not used. In contrast, when microbubbles were used, the mean of the R values (orange columns) significantly increased with power, as shown in Fig. 5(a), illustrating how the mean vascular area increased with increasing power. In particular, when the exposure power exceeded 10 W, the vascular area obviously became significantly larger when using microbubbles. This phenomenon indicates that the mechanical vibration induced by FUS can be enhanced by microbubbles.
Fig. 5
Subsequently, to further investigate the deviation of the vascular area during FUS exposure, we define the parameter, Ad, such thatFigure 5(b) shows the statistical results for the Ad values estimated from Figs. 2 and 3. In Fig. 5(b), the yellow columns represent the statistical result of the Ad values for different FUS powers in the absence of microbubbles. The mean of the estimated Ad value increased with power. However, when the power was increased to 15 W, the deviation of the vascular area became smaller than that of 10 W. That might be due to the endothelium damage induced by the FUS. In contrast, the red columns represent the means of the estimated Ad values at various powers in the presence of microbubbles. Compared with the result of the yellow columns, the mean of the Ad values became smaller when the FUS power exceeded 5 W. Similarly, this phenomenon might be due to the endothelium damage induced by FUS exposure. Therefore, the statistical evaluation of R and Ad values can be effective for determining the optimal power to use, based on the occurrence of decreases in the deviation of the vascular area (Ad).
3.3 Estimation of speckle variance
To further characterize blood leakage due to permeability enhancement by FUS, the speckle variance of the OCT images was estimated. Here, the estimation of the speckle variance of the OCT images enables not only the reconstruction of the depth-resolved microvascular structures, which is independent of the blood velocity or the imaging angle, but also the revealing of the blood leakage from the vessel region. The speckle-variance image can be obtained by calculating the intensity variance of the interframes. The estimation of the speckle variance (SVijk) can be written as36]. N is the total number of B-scan frames used for speckle-variance estimation. Normally, the occurrence of speckle variance results from moving particles in biological tissue, such as blood flow [36,38–40] or nanoparticle diffusion [37]. Since no extraneous particles were used in our experiment, the speckle variance was due to contributions from red blood cell (RBC) extravasations. The speckle-variance images of Figs. 2 and 3 are shown in Fig. 6. Figures 6(a)–6(e) show the speckle-variance images of Fig. 2, which were obtained from the mouse ear during FUS exposure in the absence of microbubbles. Again, the speckle variance of Fig. 3 was also calculated, as shown in Figs. 6(f)–6(j). From Figs. 6(a)–6(e), the intensity and distribution of speckle variance did not show a significant increase until the FUS power attained a level of 15 W. However, the results show that both the intensity and distribution of the speckle variance increased with increasing FUS power when the microbubbles were used.
Fig. 6
Subsequently, the change of speckle-variance images was also estimated to study the temporal effects, such as blood leakage, resulting from the permeability enhancement. First, the speckle-variance image was digitized using a threshold value to reject the background signal. Then, the intensity of the selected region was integrated over the entire region prior to multiplying by the pixel area Two regions in each frame were chosen for estimating the changes in the vascular areas, marked by the rectangular regions bounded by the red dashed lines in Fig. 6. To obtain the results of the exposures in the absence of microbubbles, regions I and II were chosen for estimating the changes in vascular areas. In contrast, regions III and IV were chosen for the case in which microbubbles were present during the FUS exposure. The results for regions I–IV are shown in Fig. 7. From curves I and II, a significant increase in the estimated areas of regions I and II can be found when a 15-W exposure was used. Here, the increase in the area of the speckle variance was due to the blood leakage. Furthermore, compared with curves I and II, curves III and IV show a significant increase in the vascular area when the power of the FUS exposure only exceeded 5 W. From Fig. 7, the result illustrates that the FUS power required to induce blood leakage due to permeability enhancement can be effectively reduced in the presence of microbubbles.
Fig. 7
4. 3D scanning results
Aside from observation of the temporal effects induced by FUS with 2D OCT imaging, 3D imaging was also performed to investigate the FUS-induced vascular effects. Similarly, a mouse ear was sequentially exposed to various FUS powers. The microbubbles were injected into the mouse through tail-vein injections before the FUS exposure. Then, the burst-mode wave was delivered with the same exposure parameters (burst length: 40 ms, pulse repetition frequency: 10 Hz, duration: 120 s). The FUS powers from the ultrasound transducer were set to be 1, 5, 10, and 15 W, respectively. Then, the same marked region of the mouse ear was sequentially exposed to FUS, using various FUS powers, beginning from 1 W and increasing to 15 W. After being exposed to each power level, the same region was scanned with the OCT system to acquire 3D images. For obtaining 3D speckle-variance images, the scan protocol samples the same lateral location four times, resulting in the recording of four sequential B-scans of the same location to obtain a 2D speckle-variance image. Then, a physical area of 2 mm × 2 mm (xy) was scanned with a pixel size of 1000 × 500 (xy). Finally, the same procedure was employed to obtain speckle-variance images, mentioned in Section 3.3. Figure 8 shows the projection view of the 3D speckle-variance images, obtained before and after exposures with various powers. This result shows that no significant change in the vascular areas can be found when a lower FUS power was applied. However, the vascular area significantly increased when the power exceeded 5 W. Again, for quantitatively evaluating the change in the distribution of speckle variance, three regions, I, II, and, III, indicated by the rectangular regions bounded by dashed lines, were chosen for estimation of the change in vascular area. Subsequently, the distributions of speckle variance in the three regions were estimated, based on the processing procedure of Fig. 7, as shown in Fig. 9. The result shows that the distribution of speckle variance in the three regions increased when the FUS power exceeded 5 W. The increase in the distribution of speckle variance resulted from the blood leakage induced by the FUS. In addition, the blood leakage was evidence of the permeability enhancement induced by the FUS. Thus, based on the 3D speckle-variance images, the area of the blood leakage can be spatially identified. The speckle-variance results shows that the temporal effects and permeability enhancement induced by FUS can be non-invasively observed and quantitatively evaluated with SVOCT, making SVOCT a feasible method for real-time monitoring of the treatment outcomes and temporal effects of FUS.
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
5. Discussion and conclusions
From Fig. 5, it can be observed that the mean vascular area increased with increasing FUS power, either in the presence or absence of microbubbles. However, the mean vascular area became quite significant as the FUS power was increased to 15 W in combination with microbubbles. Moreover, the estimated Ad values also show a trend where the deviation of the vascular area increased when the area was exposed to a lower power. As the power was increased to above 5 W in the presence of microbubbles, the deviation of the vascular area decreased, which probably resulted from the occurrence of endothelium damage. It was presumably that, from the analysis of the change in the vascular area during FUS exposure, the results demonstrate that the FUS-induced vascular morphological change can be enhanced by the presence of microbubbles. In addition, based on the evaluation of the speckle variance in sequential OCT B-scans, not only can the vascular images be obtained, but also the blood leakage can be observed. Thus, in Fig. 7, the distribution of the speckle variance began to become larger when the FUS power was greater than 5 W when combined with the presence of microbubbles. In contrast, without the microbubbles, the distribution of speckle variance became significantly larger until a power of 15 W was applied. Again, the result also implies that the vascular effects induced by FUS can be enhanced by microbubbles. Also, such information from estimation of speckle variance is consistent with the results of Figs. 4 and 5. Furthermore, the increase in the distribution of speckle variance was due to the blood leakage induced by the permeability enhancement after FUS exposure. Thus, from the results of vascular area estimation and speckle variance, the optimal power of FUS exposure can be determined to be 10 W when microbubbles were used, and significant RBC extravasations can be prevented.
In conclusion, FUS has become a novel method to temporally and locally enhance vascular permeability, enabling an improvement in the efficiency of drug delivery. However, when limited to the microvascular size and dynamic effects, it is difficult to noninvasively monitor the vascular effects in real time. In this study, we demonstrated an implementation of OCT that allowed dynamic observation of the morphological change in vessels during FUS exposure and investigation of the relationship between the morphological change in vessels and the FUS power. In addition, the effects induced by FUS exposure with and without microbubbles were compared. From the results, it can be observed that the morphological change in vessels can be enhanced by FUS alone but was more profound when the FUS was combined with the use of microbubbles. It is notable that, to quantitatively observe the blood leakage due to the permeability enhancement induced by FUS, SVOCT was implemented for the calculation of speckle variance due to blood flow and blood leakage, which cannot be detected by using OCT images. The result showed that the permeability can be enhanced by using microbubbles with a lower power of 10 W. Therefore, this study has established the feasibility of this methodology as a means of real-time monitoring of FUS treatments.
This research was supported by the National Science Council (NSC), and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, the Republic of China, under the NSC 101-2221-E-182-056-MY2, NSC 102-2221-E-182-061-MY2, and CMRPD2B0032 grants.
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text:
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- multimethod modeling [20]
- system dynamics modeling [39]
An Agent-Based Multi-Scale Wind Generation Model Enrique Kremers, Norbert Lewald (European Institute for Energy Research); Oscar Barambones, Jose Maria Gonzalez de Durana (Universidad del Pais Vasco). Kremers, E., Lewald, N. IASTED EuroPES 2009, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, September 7 – 9. (2009).
This paper presents an agent-based model for simulating wind power systems on multiple time scales. The aim is to generate a flexible model that allows us to simulate the output of a wind farm. The model is developed using multiparadigm modelling, combining different approaches such as agent-based modelling, discrete events and dynamic systems. First, the theoretical background concerning the basic models for wind speed generation and power turbines is explained, as well as the fundamentals of agent-based modelling. After that, the implementation of these models is illustrated. In the next step, some sample simulations are shown and the application of the model is discussed. The proposed model aims to represent the wind power production by modelling wind farms consisting of wind turbine units on different time scales, taking into account fluctuating wind speeds and technical reliability. The model is able to compute the aggregated output power of the wind farm influenced by different random factors and can thus recreate a realistic power unit to be used in integral energy system simulations.


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Help end hunger on Sunday arvo
Donate spare black teabags to Foodbank outside the gates on Sunday afternoon at the Oval.
5:55pm Jul 22, 2016
In case you missed it...
The odd, and less odd stories you missed this week.
5:28pm Jul 22, 2016
Flashback: Port's first AFL win in Vic
NIgel Fiegert will kick the frist goal of the game on Sunday arvo. Check out one of his best moments in a Power jumper.
4:09pm Jul 22, 2016


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Nikon Coolpix L12 digital camera
The Coolpix L12 sits at the top of Nikon's L-series of budget digital cameras and despite the "usual" naming conventions and the "12" in the camera's name, this is not a 12-megapixel model but a 7.1-megapixel compact.
This is a small but not ultra-compact digital camera that in terms of styling is pretty bland – in a pocketable way. Its features include a surprisingly high-end combination of Face detection AF, manual white balance control (as well as the standard set of presets) and optical image stabilisation.
You get a pretty basic camera otherwise: plastic – but tough – build, a bright F2.8 to F4.7 3x optical zoom lens providing a 35-105mm focal range and you get the usual array of scene modes, flash options and a nice 640 x 480-pixel movie mode with sound.
The large 2.5-inch LCD is a low-resolution affair (with 115k pixels) but despite that, it does the job. That is until you get brighter conditions when it is both hard to see clearly and it will flare horribly, when shooting towards the light making things worse still. The lack of an optical viewfinder means there's little option but to struggle through.
The lack of any form of manual control means you have to rely on the camera to do the thinking for you and mostly things work well. Having access to a high ISO setting is nice, you get up to ISO 1600, but the fact there's no control over the ISO settings whatsoever means indoors and in low lighting, the camera picks a setting up to the maximum. The consequences for this are discussed shortly.
But the real problem is it makes the lens shift anti-shake or as Nikon calls it, Vibration Reduction (VR) system almost redundant and here's why. With VR, you can usually opt to use a lower ISO (and so shakier, slower shutter speeds) than otherwise at your disposal and still get a properly exposed sharp photo.
Here the camera will pick higher ISO settings in low light thus introducing unnecessary amounts of noise into a shot and removing the benefit of the VR as faster shutter speeds are used thanks to the higher ISO setting.
Another bugbear is the sluggish performance. Four seconds to start up, about two and a half seconds between shots and a seven and a half second flash recycle time (where the camera locks up totally as well) mean this is neither a family friendly camera or one to use for anything other than set up shots or subjects that are unlikely to move any time soon.
On the plus side, image quality is good at the lower ISO settings and by that, I mean below ISO 200. Images are saved to either the 21MB of internal memory (that's enough for six top quality images) or on SD/SDHC/MMC external storage.
Detail is well captured, particularly below that ISO 200 threshold, as are colours, which are naturally rendered. The Face detection AF works nicely but as is common for such systems, it works best when the person's face is clearly visible a directed toward the camera.
Metering is excellent as is the white balance set up and it is only when you get over ISO 400 that noise and image processing problems (detail smoothing for example) start to "wipe" the smile from any face in a shot.
There are a couple of other neat tools built into the L12 that mitigate (but not entirely) the problems. Nikon's D-Lighting technology is included to help lift shadows in backlit subjects for example, but it is a convoluted button process to get to it, you get PictBridge support too and you can resize and copy images all in-camera.
Okay, so this is not an expensive digital camera and while it is bland in terms of styling, it still boasts a couple of standout features particularly at this £150 (all but a penny) price point.
Image quality is good and there are plenty of scene modes (15 in all) to play with to help on more challenging situations.
Shame though, there's no proper manual control.
Overall however, L12 is plagued by its sluggish performance and the lack of control over the ISO settings, which almost completely wipes out the benefit of VR.
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Academic Experience:
So far I think it has been okay this is my second time online course and it is alot easier and the instructors are easier to get to and like to speak to you when you need help .
Academic Experience:
I have been hired by Jannx Medical Systems, Inc. they accepted my very little experience at school and past work. Devry professors advised me to apply every day.
Academic Experience:
My class consular had me take classes that required my prerequisites that I had not completed. After completing my last prerequisite classes this past Spring I felt like I would have no problem with the classes I was given.
Academic Experience:
My academic experience has been great thus far. The program I am in is called Technical management with a focus in Project Management/ Business Management. This program at DeVry puts you in the hands of professors with years of experience in your field. They give you real life information and examples from their careers that is helpful to what you may experience in your career. The assignments are hands on and helps you to grasp the concept of the content taught. Their aren't any unique things I can clearly point out as DeVry is my first full online school that I have attended. I can however say that this school has pulled me out of not wanting to attend college (because of so many bad experiences) and placed me in a mindset of "Lets go all the way". The ease of owning my schedule as I am an online student is unparalleled. I do work full time and having a very flexible schedule was important to me. I learn at my own pace and it provides me the opportunity to get all that I desire from my courses. The information provided in the class setting is very informative and fulfilling in helping you understand the content of the class and pushes you to excel. The professor is always available to you for questions and having access to an abundance of materials there is no way you can go through these classes without getting your money's worth. The professors are knowledgeable and are a wealth of information and experience. The curriculum is very pertinent to your field and helps to prepare you for future. It is easy to understand and the school provides and abundance of resources that can help in your academic journey. My attendance at DeVry has opened the door for me career wise at i am before graduation in the field of my degree and it feels amazing to be here. Thanks to this great school I am better stronger and ready for where my career will take me.
Academic Experience:
I love it! I get to talk with other students that are interested in computers and technology as much as I am. I like how the classes are set up. I attend one day a week usually in the evenings for eight week courses. Participation with online activities plays a large role with these blended classes. The professors are excited to teach and are very knowledgeable with real world experience. The facilities are very simple and have boards along the walls with job opportunities, tutoring, internships, and professional organizations that they insist utilizing to get involved.
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T Dog's Media Notepad: ABC 7 shifts "Windy City Live" to 1 p.m.
Local news returns to ABC 7 at 11 a.m.; Dr. Oz returns for three more years; WGN-TV needs a new GM; and more. In a victory for local [..]
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Network, station group may split; CW considering OTT option Can this marriage be saved? In a possible blow to The CW, Tribune Broadcasting has [..]
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CRITIC'S NOTEBOOK; At Toronto Festival, Documents of Damage
Published: September 15, 2001
(Page 2 of 2)
The acuity of Ms. Campbell -- first seen in movies as the petulant, scene-stealing sister in ''Election'' -- is remarkable. Her access to a complicated interior life is disconcerting in one so young, and even when she's in a comic scene, there's nothing glib about her. She's forced to grow up after a harrowing accident. And Ms. Clarkson's small, quick shifts of feeling are incredible.
What we've come to expect in film festivals are pictures that capture an emotional trajectory that mainstream cinema no longer covets. When we see growth, as in the careers of Ms. Campbell, Ms. Clarkson or Ms. Kelly, it's a stimulant. And when we see that maturation in filmmakers, it's just as invigorating.
''Lan Yu,'' the new film from the Hong Kong director Stanley Kwan, takes place in Beijing before the calamitous events at Tiananmen Square in 1989. It is about a fling between two men that deepens into a more protracted, often painful relationship. Mr. Kwan's scenes are so finely wrought that the impact of each seems greater a few beats after it ends, in part because of Tao Yang's cinematography. The look is sharp and sumptuous, and images appear to have been caught on the fly, witnessed by a casual observer.
''The Devil's Backbone,'' the Mexican director Guillermo del Toro's voluptuous new horror film about wounds, both psychological and physical, is also about destroyed families. It's an elegant scare picture, with elements of ''Night of the Hunter'' and ''Los Olvidados.'' Although it takes place in an orphanage during the Spanish Civil War, ''it was originally set against the Mexican Revolution, and I tried to get it made 16 years ago,'' Mr. del Toro said. Unable to obtain funds for it then, he ended up creating his filmmaking debut, ''Cronos,'' instead.
''The great thing about the civil war is that it prefigures World War II, and the horrors of the civil war could be contained in the microcosmos of an orphanage,'' Mr. del Toro said. ''The children are those caught in between both sides.''
''Backbone'' is also about attempts to create an ad hoc family in the anguished atmosphere of an orphanage stalked by ghosts, and touches on subjects in other del Toro pictures, like abandonment and the hunger for parental figures.
''As a child, I felt like that -- abandoned,'' explained Mr. del Toro, a large-spirited and voluble man. When he was little, he said, ''my parents left me for a month to go to Europe with my grandmother, and I was traumatized.''
''As a boy, I was scared a lot,'' he added. ''I have recurring nightmares that could be directed by George Romero -- full of zombies. I guess my movies are always nightmares, and about parenthood and the lack of, but I do not make them that way consciously. I guess it's true -- art is the path we choose to slowly retrace our path to the images that affect us most.'' And he uses art to affect moviegoers deeply as well.
Photos: Christina Ricci, left, and Michelle Williams in the film adaptation of ''Prozac Nation.'' (Millennium Films)(pg. B9); Glenn Close, left, and Patricia Clarkson star in ''The Safety of Objects,'' Rose Troche's adaptation from a short-story collection by A. M. Homes. (pg. B12)


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News about reggae music, artists, culture and more...
After releasing the great Oneness riddim in 2007, Munich based label Oneness Records comes out with a brand new serie called General Key. Due out on 7'', on CD and for download on May, 16th, this new riddim based on the classic Studio One tune' The Key To The City by Freddie Mc Gregor features 15 cuts by various artists.
We found the Jamaicans Prince Malachi, Ginjah, Tippa Irie, female singjay Queen Ifrica, Mark Wonder, Lutan Fyah, Junior Kelly, Prezident Brown and German artists as Nosliw, Marlene Johnson, Jahcoustix, Caramelo Criminal and Conscious Fiyah. A fresh new roots release!
Mr Money Man Riddim
By Angus Taylor
New Albums from Etana and Protoje
By Erik Magni
Paint Jamaica
By Erik Magni
Stephen Marley - Revelation Part II: The Fruit Of Life
By Erik Magni
Positive Vibration Festival 2016
By Erik Magni
Ernest Ranglin Retires from Live Performance
By Angus Taylor
Reggae, Dubs and Dabs
By Erik Magni
Tonight by Isha Blender
By Erik Magni
© 2007-2016 United Reggae. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited. Read about copyright
Terms of use | About us | Contact us | Authors | Newsletter | A-Z


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The 2015 Next Generation Luminaires™ (NGL) Indoor and Outdoor Competitions have launched, with Written Intents to Submit due on Dec. 15, 2014. The competitions are now concurrent and winners of both will be announced at... read more
AERIN has appointed Alessandro Fabrini as President and CEO, reporting directly to founder Aerin Lauder. Launched in 2012 with a successful beauty line, AERIN has since expanded to include home décor categories such as... read more
This Old House has named its "Top 100: Best New Home Products of 2014," which includes several lighting and fan products. First the Terna pendant fan by Kichler, equipped with short blades for a compact design. The magazine... read more
Hudson Valley Lighting, part of Littman Brands, celebrated the official groundbreaking of its new world headquarters in Newburgh, NY, on Oct. 23, 2014 with the city's elected officials including Congressman Sean Patrick... read more
Auburn University's Xin Li, Florida State University's David Roan and University of Minnesota's Megan Ziesmer placed first in the popular vote for the "Groovystuff by Design: Connecting Education with Industry" challenge at... read more
In celebration of the grand opening of its new facility in Anaheim, MaxLite donated $14,000 worth of energy-efficient lighting products to the Habitat for Humanity of Orange County Anaheim ReStore. MaxLite has donated more... read more
Rob Wynne is the new National Sales Manager for Adesso, effective at the Fall 2014 High Point market. Wynne's responsibilities include managing the Adesso sales force, working with key accounts and representing the company... read more
Golden Lighting has appointed Steve Falk as the next Vice President of Sales. Falk succeeds the retiring Denny Rehm, who was with the company for six years. With nearly three decades of sales experience in the lighting... read more
ART and Dallas Market Center announced the 26th annual ARTS Awards judges. The judging panel will select winners in 24 different categories that represent home industry excellence and the awards will be presented during a... read more
Capitol Lighting and the Lebersfeld family is celebrating 90 years in business. The chain started as a small shop on Prince Street in Newark, NJ in 1924, and now has more than 85,174 square feet of storefront... read more
Under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funding opportunity DE-FOA-0001171, "Solid-State Lighting Advanced Technology R&D – 2015", a total of up to $10 million in funding will be directed toward all three existing DOE SSL... read more
On Wednesday, Nov. 12, 2014, from 4:30-7:30, Parsons The New School for Design and Philips will present "Luminous Talks 3: The Changing Room," a symposium that addresses topics of importance to professionals who work... read more
MaxLite opened a new LEED-certified facility in Anaheim, CA, on Oct. 20, 2014. The 48,864-square-foot-building increases MaxLite's product assembly and testing capabilities and features the company's first full showroom on... read more
Corbett Lighting's Rockstar pendant won the 2014 ASFD Pinnacle Award for Design Achievement in the lighting category. The jewelry-inspired 16-light pendant was honored at the 19th Annual Pinnacle Awards Banquet, held on Oct... read more
The Kitchen & Bath Industry Show (KBIS) announced that it will present its first-ever Innovative Showroom Award, designed to honor retail showrooms serving the kitchen and bath industry that deliver an excellent... read more
As part of the expansion of Lighting by Gregory's 8,500-square-foot New York City showroom, the store is hosting an interior design contest (#LBGDesignCompetition) to craft a design for the new multi-use area in the historic... read more
In the final step of the integration between metro New York plumbing supplier Davis & Warshow (D&W) and Ferguson, Davis & Warshow has now started operated under the Ferguson name. "Davis & Warshow is now... read more
Gross Electric, Toledo, OH, raised $5,000 for the Alzheimer's Association and the Sight Center of Northwest Ohio through its annual golf outing on Sept. 22, 2014. More than 60 local electrical contractors and builders... read more
The inventors of blue LED — Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura — were awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics. Akasaki worked together with Amano at the University of Nagoya in Japan, while Nakamura was employed... read more
Capital Lighting Fixture Co. has added Lisa Dixon to its Marketing team. Dixon joins Capital Lighting from Pace Lighting in Savannah, GA, where she worked for six years. "The addition of Lisa to our staff will allow us to... read more


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Take your experience to the next level
Behind-the-scenes tours, boots-on-the-ground factory visits, hands-on activities.
It's all here.
The Steel Toe Tour
Two-part tour including Museum admission, plus a trip by shuttle to the Harley-Davidson Pilgrim Road Powertrain Operations facility.
Steel Toe Tours from the Museum to the Powertrain Operations – Pilgrim Rd. facility are suspended through August 23, 2016 due to plant enhancements. During this time, the free factory tour originating at Pilgrim Rd. will be offering a modified free tour. The modified tour offers a video and insight into designated machining areas contributing to the assembly of H-D engines and transmissions.
Tours are offered Monday-Friday 9:00 a.m. - 1:30 p.m. and last approximately 30 minutes.
Steel Toe Tours resume August 24. The schedule for these tours
are as follows:
- August through September: Wednesday, Thursday and Fridays
- October throught December: Wednesday and Fridays
Tour times are 9:15 am and 12:30 pm and have limited capacity. The tours are $46; $32 for HOG members who receive free Museum admission as a benefit of their membership. Groups are $40 per person (reservation required). Reserve your spot today.
Also Worth Exploring
Note: Due to production changes, there will be no factory tours of York Vehicle Operations and Kansas City Vehicle and Powertrain Operations facilities from July 5 – August 23, 2016. Factory tours will resume Wednesday, August 24.
Harley-Davidson® Factory Tours offer the chance to watch extraordinary people channel their pride and expertise into machines that capture imagination. We've opened the doors to some H-D manufacturing facilities to give you a behind-the-scenes look at what it takes to bring a legend to life.
- York, PA - Schedule and Guidelines
- Kansas City, MO - Schedule and Guidelines
- Menomonee Falls, WI - Schedule and Guidelines
Now At The Museum
|Senior (age 65+)
|US Military (w/ID)
|Student (w/ID)
|Child (age 5-17)
|Child under 5
May-September - Daily: 9am-6pm
(Thursday, 9am-8pm)
October-April - Daily: 10am-6pm
(Thursday, 10am-8pm)
Harley-Davidson Museum
400 W Canal Street
Milwaukee, WI 53201
1-877-HD-MUSEUM or 414-287-2789


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Special Events
Registration and Session Dates:Summer Registration: Residents: May 9, 2016 Non-Residents: May 16, 2016
Summer Concert Series
Grab the kids, pack a dinner and lawn chair and head out to listen to music brought to you by the Wauconda Park District and Wauconda Area Library. We will bring a variety of musical acts from different genres so there should be something for everyone. Park District concerts are held by the picnic shelter at Cook Park. In case of inclement weather concerts held at the library will be held inside and the Park District concerts will be cancelled. **All concerts held at the library are sponsored by the Friends of the Library.
Location: Park District dates are located at Cook Park Picnic shelter
Time: 7:00 pm
Day: Thursday
Fee: Free
Date: Location: Band: Genre:
June 2 Park District Midnight Cover Band
June 9 Park District Stateline Country
June 16 Park District K. Michaels Rock
June 23-26 Park District Wauconda Fest see www.waucondaparks.com for schedule
June 30 Park District Retroactive Oldies/70s/80s
July 7 Library Limited Edition Big Band The Music of George Gershwin and Cole Porter
July 14 Library The Wave Runners Jimmy Buffet Tribute
July 21 Library Tom Sharpe Midsummer's Eve Celebration
July 28 Library Cowboy Jukebox Today's Country Music
August 4 Library Tom Carey Band Lost Dogs and Mixed Blessings: the Music of John Prine
August 11 Library Patchouli & Terra Guitarra Fast Forward Folk & Instrumental Guitar
Bring your family and friends to Cook Park to celebrate Independence Day with fireworks, music and food. The celebration begins at 6:00 pm and fireworks will begin at dusk. Come early to get a great view of the fireworks spectacular. The Park District will be selling food, drinks and glow necklaces. Sponsored by the Village of Wauconda, it has been a well-attended event that offers an opportunity for families and friends to celebrate an evening together. This year, the Village has received generous donations from a number of local governmental agencies, not-for-profit organizations, and community-minded individuals and businesses to help fund the Fourth of July festivities. Our gratitude goes out to everyone who helps make this community event safe and enjoyable.
Location: Cook Park
Day: Date: Time:
Sun 7/3 6:00 pm
Summer Beach Fiesta
Join us for a sunny Saturday afternoon of entertainment, goofy games, sand castle building and conclude the day with Root Beer Floats. Everyone is welcome so grab your lawn chairs and some sunscreen and join us. All participants will be entered into a door prize drawing.
Location: Beach Park
Program Fee: $8
Resident Discount Fee: $6
Beach Pass Holders: $1
Day: Date: Time:
Sat 7/9 1:00-4:00 pm
Koncerts for Kids
Make the most of your summer with the sound of music! We have a dazzling line-up of family kid friendly entertainment scheduled Pack a picnic, your blanket, gather the family, and enjoy the sounds of summer right in your own hometown. Playground is available for the active child. Please call the park district at 847/526-3610 or visit our website for more information regarding the events.
Location: Cook Park Picnic Shelter
Time: 12:00 – 1:00 pm
Fee: Free
Day: Date: Entertainer:
Tues 7/5 Productions
Tues 7/12 Stu Jacobson
Tues 7/19 Rock Your Rhythm
Tues 7/26 Steve Dordan
Final Beach Bash
Bring the entire family to our traditional cookout finale of the beach season. Get ready for some wacky games, prizes, raffles, entertainment by a DJ, and much more. All participants will be entered into a drawing for a 2016 beach pass. Food and beverage will be available for purchase.
Location: Beach Park
Program Fee: $8
Resident Discount Fee: $6
Beach Pass Holders: $1
Day: Date: Time:
Sun 8/28 1:00-4:00 pm


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BEST ENTRANCE: Nordstrom Entrance OR P2/P3 parking deck near Court of the South Vestibule
LOCATION IN MALL: Mall level 1 Nordstrom Wing Near Court of the South
(404) 231-0327 | Driving Directions | Bally Website |
View Deals | Mall Map
More stores to consider
Blu' Couture Jean House
Jeffrey Atlanta
Salle Opticians
The Bally woman leads the way with exuberant accessories for AW16. https://t.co/y0PJJH9Oh4 #BallyAW16 https://t.co/urDCVBQZF4/p>
Bally Autumn Winter 2016 Campaign, coming soon. #BallyAW16 #ComingSoon https://t.co/4PdhbDpiMU/p>
Discover the highlights of Malaysia's dynamic capital with Bally's Kuala Lumpur city guide: https://t.co/JmX0dV1yzU/p>
#SpottedinBally: @richardashcroft wears #BallyAW16 jacket on the cover of @jocksandnerds. https://t.co/j6qcEiVqNz/p>
Relive the daring and eccentric vision of the seventies with the #BallyAW16 campaign. https://t.co/y0PJJH9Oh4 https://t.co/45BitghiSd/p>
This season, it's time to relive the daring, eccentric vision of the seventies: https://t.co/y0PJJH9Oh4 #BallyAW16 https://t.co/djtTCgAp2b/p>
Oblongs, trapeziums and all things geometric set the tone for this season's #newarrivals: https://t.co/207dgU8BhX https://t.co/5gF0q7RL7t/p>
Discover the Ascar sneaker in rich seasonal shades. https://t.co/GxunWh1ADR #BallyCollection #Sneakers https://t.co/7UtMQaOLZs/p>
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Introducing the #BallyAW16 Campaign, a powerful interpretation of eccentric youth: https://t.co/y0PJJH9Oh4 https://t.co/oXos6nFH7A/p>
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Everyday accessories for the modern gentleman who practices perfect style. https://t.co/GuFuObj8pI https://t.co/aEyjCatcuK/p>
Bee seen with the Bally Berkeley bag. https://t.co/dGMdZZh3fb #Handbag #MustHave https://t.co/cTacBxAmzQ/p>
Watch the #BallyAW16 campaign come to life: https://t.co/zY9zlBrbe9/p>
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text:
Where Did The Money Go?
Matt K writes:
I hear about losses and write-downs a lot and I am wondering where does the money go? If someone is losing money does that mean that someone is gaining money? If so then who? If not then where does the money go? Did it ever exist at all?
Here's the deal:
First, let me just say that I still struggle with this one. The answer has to do with what we mean when we say "money." I tend to think of money as currency — as dollars in my wallet, usually, or as dollars I can take out of my bank account.
But money is also what we use to measure value, just as we use degrees to measure temperature.
In the case of a write-down, businesses are forced to reconsider the value of things they own. Imagine a chicken farmer who owns a truck that he thinks is worth $10,000. He records that $10,000 on his list of assets.
That doesn't mean he's got $10,000. What he's got is a truck. And if the value of that truck suddenly declines — because it breaks down or the world runs out of gasoline or whatever — the farmer needs to figure out the new value of the truck. He "writes down" the old value of $10,000 to whatever the new value should be.
Let's say the best estimate shows the new value is $1,000, for scrap metal. The farmer now looks to be $9,000 poorer. And maybe he will be, in hard dollars, because he'll have to pay for a means of carting his chickens around. But it's not as if somebody piled up the $9,000 and burned it.
Personally, I find it helpful to think in terms of value — what's gone missing in a write-down is value. We just so happen to count value in dollars.
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