text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 6, 1965
|Filing date
|Feb 5, 1962
|Priority date
|Feb 8, 1961
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Claude Blain, De Lara Georges Cohen, Michel Delachanal, Roger Platzer
|Original Assignee
|Commissariat Energie Atomique, Grenobloise Etude Appl
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (22), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
July 6, 1965 3,193,498
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF WATER R. PLATQZER ETAL Filed Feb. 5, 1962 R065? H4725? CL 1400:? BLAI/V M/CA EL 05146664444! GEO/9655' COfi/E/V DEL/4164 INVENTORS BY WW Umted. States atent 1C mummy 6,
the average). Finally, since the regeneration operations 3,13,49$ are carried out discontinuously, by employing a series of METHOD F AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF WATER Roger Piatzer, Chatilion-sous-Bagnerrx, Claude Blain, Paris, Georges Cohen de Lara and Michel Delachanal, Grenoble, France, assignors to (Iommissariat a lEnergie Atomique (GEAJ, Paris, France, and Societe Grenobioise dEtudes ct dAppiications Hydrauliques (SKIGREAH), Grenoble (ls-ere), France, a French commission and a French corporation, respectiveiy Filed Feb. 5, 1962, Ser. No. 170,944 Claims priority, application France, Feb. 8, 1961, 4,333
14 Claims. (Cl. 210-33) The present invention relates to the treatment of liquids with ion exchange material.
In many industrial fields, it is desired to have available large quantities of either (a) water which does not contain substances in solution (so-called de-mineralized water, characterized by a very low specific conductivity); or (b) water of well defined quality, for example water containing definitely fixed quantities of certain elements such as fluorine (for prevention of dental decay), or on the contrary, containing only certain elements to the exclusion of others (soft water, free from calcium, iron, sulphate, etc.), or again water purified to a predetermined pH value. It is known that one method of making any of such types of water available in sufiicient quantity is to treat water from an available supply with ion exchange material.
Theion exchange material generally employed for the indicated purpose are of two categories, ROH anion exchangers and REP cation exchange material, in which the OH- and H+ ions are replaceable by ions of the same sign, so that when water is passed over a bed constituted of these two categories of ion exchange material, the ions' in solution are fixed on the grains, and PH and OH- are liberated, which combine to form a stable compound H O to give pure water. The reactions occurring in such treatment are of the following type:
The conventional industrial application of the aforesaid type of process is effected by means of installations which work essentially in a discontinuous manner, because they are carried out in a two-stage cycle which comprises a first fixation stage, during which the water is purified, and a second regeneration stage during which the ion exchange material is regenerated. The duration of the cycle is a function of the mineral content of the water (the quantity of ions to be removed) and of the quantity of ion exchange material stored in the exchanger.
To provide a continuous working process of the indicated type, it is necessary to provide two of said installations in parallel, so that one installation performs a fixation operation while the other operates in regeneration. Further, in order to have suificiently long cycles to assure an adequately high flow-rate, each of such installations should comprise large treatment vessels with a large storage of ion exchange material.
' In practicing the aforesaid type of process, it is also necessary to provide a not-negligible personnel for starting up and supervising the regeneration operations during the course of each cycle (3 to 4 hours of labor per cycle, on
other processes in the same column as the treatment operations, it is necessary to inject quantities of reagents greater than those which would normally be necessary, so thatthe chemical efficiency is poor. For example, it has been found necessary to inject 2.5 to 2.7 times the quantity of regeneration products which are theoretically required, while at the same time obtaining a lowpercentage of regeneration (from to 70%), with the consumption of rinsing water reaching 10% of the water treated in the installation.
The aforesaid unfavorable factors which are inherent in conventional industrial installations practicing the indicated discontinuous type of process, result in such installations having a low overall efiiciency, and consequently a low economic profit margin.
In an effort to avoid the disadvantages of the above discussed type of process, it has been proposed to utilize the principle of moving beds both for the purification of the water and for the regeneration of the anion and cation exchange material, after their separation. However, this method of operation, which is based on the treatment of water in co-current flow relationship with the ion exchange material, has the serious drawback of necessitating an exchanger flow-rate which is a priori very considerably greater than that which is necessary, so as not to risk imperfect purification of the water to be treated. If such risk is assumed, in the event of a certain pollution of the water appearing at the outlet because the exchange material flow-rate is too low, it is obviously possible, for example by measurement of the increase in conductivity, to cause an increase in the exchange material flow-rate so as to return thewater to the required degreeof purity. However, it is very important to note that since this correction in the flow-rate does not have an immediate effect, a not-negligible quantity of polluted water will flow into the circuit of pure water. Furthermore, such a measurement will not allow the flow-rate of the ion exchange material to also be adjusted to the value required for optimum operation of the apparatus under the new conditions. It will therefore be necessary also to provide continuously a flow of ion exchange material that is very considerably This has the additional consequence during the regeneration, of increasing the quantity of washing water required and therefore the volume of efliuents. Finally, it may also be observed that the installation could not in any case be adapted automatically to variations in the composition of the water.
It is the principal purpose of the present invention to provide an improved system for treating water by means of ion exchange material in a highly efficient manner and which will not be subject to the aforementioned disadvantages of known systems of this type.
In accordance-With the invention, the water is purified in a mixed bed of anion and cation exchange material by a procedure which is characterized inthat, (1) the water purification treatment, (2) the separation of the saturated anion and cation exchange material, (3) the rinsing treatment of the ion exchange material, and, when applicable, (4) the chemical treatment for putting either or both the ion exchange material in an appropriate chemical form, are effected simultaneously and automatically in continuously renewed beds in separate member-s forming a closed circuit for the ion exchange material, which move successively from one of these members to the other; the water purification, rinsing and chemical treatments, according to the invention, being effected in counter-flow to the solutions.
According to this method of procedure, the demineralurements.
i 1 V ama ass ization of water is for exampleeffected in the following manner: r v V The water is treated'in counter-flow in a first section of the installation by means of a continuously renewed V compact bed constituted of a mixture of anionand cation exchange materiahthe ions in solution in the water being fixed by the ion exchange material during the course of their passage through this :first section, and the uniform forward movement-of the bed of exchange material being obtained by a suitable modulation of the injected'rates of the lower extremity of the throughthe bed, with the purified water evacuated at the upper extremity of the chamber.
chamber, and flowing up The anion and cation exchange material are introduced into the upper extremity of the chamber, and the saturated exchange material is discharged atrthe lower extremity thereof into a liquid fiuidization separator composed of two compartments, in which is eifected'the separation of the anion and cation exchange material.. The exchangers which are collected in each of the said compartments, pass outwardlytherefrom by overflow, and are then introduced by means of suitable sealing devices, into a separate regeneration column. The ion exchange material introduced into each regeneration column is fed into the bottom of the regenerarenewed bed in two further sections and are finally reintroduced in a homogeneous mixture, after rinsing, into the first treatment section. V
As the method of the invention treats the water in counter-flow, it is possible to provide a saturation front of the ion exchange material in the purification column.
The position of the saturation front can readily be determined accurately by measuring the quality of the water inside the; treatment bed, for example by resistivity measlocalize the position of the trout, thesh-ape of which is quite characteristic in moving mixed beds, and to gulde, when this is necessary,such slight modification of the Such measurements can be utilized alsoto tion column and moves upwardly therein towards the top thereof. The regeneration liquid is introduced at an intermediate .point of the column and flows toward the base a of the column. A rinsing liquid is introduced into the top of the column and also flows towards the base of the column. The moving bed of ion exchange material thusv passes through the column in counter-flow with respect to the regeneration products and the rinsing liquid. The regenerated ion exchange material is re-introduced with p the aid of suitable sealing devices into the top of a septages overknown conventional installations.
ratio of the ion exchange material flow and the flow of;
water to be treated, as to maintain the front in a previously determined position. Thus, for example, itis useful to provide two resistivity measurement probes located for example at 10 cm. above and 10 cm. below the mid point of the treatmentbed.
With two probes of the indicated type located so that.
one of such probes is positioned on one side of the front in the zone of the saturated resins and therefore in the presence of water having low resistivity, and the second arate column provided with the said water treatment chamben An installation such as aforesaid offers certain advan- Asa result of its continuous operation, only a single apparatus is required for producing a continuous flow of purified water. J Further, the quantity of ion exchange material necessary for working of the apparatus is very small, as compared with that of conventional installations, since the saturated ion exchange material is continually being probe positioned on the other side ofthe front, inthe zone of introduction of the regenerated resins, in purified water which thus has a very high resistivity, the working of the apparatus of the invention may be regulated in such manner'that the front will be kept 'betweenthese two,
in the column, and an order can then be given to increase very slightly the flow of ion exchange material so that the saturation front is restored to its initial position, with the probe again ina' zone or pure water. Similarly, if the resistivity has a tendency to increase on the other probe,
an order will be given to reduce the flow of ion exchange material; thereby causing the return of the front to its initial position.
It will be noted that in the exercise of theabove in-- dicated control, the variations of flow thus controlled are very small; thereby enabling the construction of an apparatus having an operation which is continuously adapted to the requirements for correct working thereof. It will be further noted that, as a result of this method, there is This replaced by an equivalent quantity of regenerated ion exchange material, and consequently there is no need to have a'large reserve of capacity of useful stock (stock of ion exchange material). I
In addition, the dimensions of the treatment chamber in such an installation are defined, in height, by the length of the saturation front which, in the case of mixed beds of cation exchange material, is considerably less than one meter, and, in diameter, by theadmissible specific flow-rate which, in the case of mixed beds, is 500 to 1500 liters per hour per sq. dm., whereas itis only 200 liters 'per hourper sq; dm. approximately in separate beds.
It is therefore possible in such an installation to reduce the diameter of the treatment column and in consequence no risk of introducing insulficiently purified water into I the utilization circuit, thus assuring absolute safety of.
operation of the apparatus as a producer of purifiedwater.
- Consequently, the best possible economy of utilization of the ion exchange material is accomplished.
'In accordance with a preferred form of the invention, apparatus constructed, for example, to carry out the deminenalization :of water, will comprise a water-treatment chamber in which anintimate mixture of the anion and the minimum volume of the stock of ion exchange material needed for its operation substantially below that required by known conventional exchangers having separate bedsr v It will be further noted that in an apparatus of the type indicated embodying the invention, the high-efficiency regeneration of a mixed bed of cation and anion exchange material does not present any difliculties and enables the elimination of the need for separate beds of anion and cation exchange. materiaL- Customarily, such separate beds are arranged on the upstream side of conventional mixed beds with the object of considerably increasing the duration of the cycle of use of these latter, which are in this case considered as purification finishers. As a consequence :of the arrangement of this invention there is attaineda considerable reduction in the total stock of ion exchange material needed to be purchased, and of the size ofthe'installation, both as regards equipment and surface area on the ground. These advantages become increasingly important as the hourly ilow-rateof the installation increases. 1 r
I, It will also be noted that in the above indicated installation embodying the invention, there is no need for supplementary labor-to carry out the operations of separation and regeneration of the ion exchange material, due to the fact that these operations are carried out simultaneously with the purification treatment of the water as the installation automatically operates in a continuous fashion. 7
Finally, in such installation it has been found that the consumptionof regeneration and rinsing reagents is definitely lower than that of known conventional installations, while at the same time higher rates of regeneration are obtained, since, on the one hand, the ion exchange material is transferred for regeneration into columns the diameter of which is adapted to the flow-rate of the reagents, and not, as in conventional installations, to the flow of Water to be purified (this permits an excellent distribution of the reagent throughout the entire bed, without any preferential path), while, on the other hand, it is possible to obtain a continuous working state such that the regeneration front and the washing front are fixed with respect to the column because the regeneration and rinsingare carried out in counter-flow in a moving bed. It is well known that the maintenance of a continuous state of Working enables the most economic conditions possible to be obtained. 1
The continuous and stable distribution of the concentrations enables the regeneration reagent to be introduced in much higher concentrations than is permitted in conventional installations, without causing any deterioration of the ion exchange material by abrupt variation in concentration. Thus, there can be obtained much higher regeneration rates without increasing the consumption of reagent. The advantages of such a high rate of regeneration are a better use of the capacity of the ion exchange material (reduction of the stock required), and
the possibility of fixing very slightly ionised anions and.
cations; the latter of which results in a correspondingly higher degree of purification.
In the said installation also, reagents coming from the rinsing stage are effectively utilized for regeneration, which is not generally the case in conventional installations.
It is believed that it will be apparent from the foregoing that the quantity of water that will be necessary for rinsing in the said installation is considerably below that employed for such operation in conventional installations. It has been found that a few parts per thousand are adequate for such installation, whereas in the known conventional installations, this consumption varies from 3 to depending on the type of installation. This reduction of water consumption has the advantage, in addition to its obvious economic advantage, of reducing the volume of effluents, and in consequence the cost of their treatment so as to permit of their being passed to waste under legal conditions. It may be observed moreover that these eflluents are practically neutral, since the efiluents of the two regeneration columns can be employed to neutralize themselves continuously at the outlet of the apparatus.
A a result of having the adjustment of the flow rate of the ion exchange material in the column for purifying the water. controlled as above stated, the ion exchange material discharging from the column is completely saturated. Accordingly, the quantity of reagent which it is necessary to employ in the installation is exactly known. The employment of this quantity of reagent may be automatically adjusted to suit conditions, for example, by making the flow rate of reagents of constant concentration dependent upon the flow rate of the ion exchange material. This latter flow rate can be ascertained readily, for instance, by measurement of the number of the impulsions by time unity for the progression of the ion exchange material in the regeneration columns. By having the quantity of the regeneration reagents always equal to the consumption, there is no risk of disadjustment of the regeneration columns, and the reagent consumption is as economical as possible. There is however, the possibility that a slight transitory disadjustment may occur between the flow. rate of the ion exchange material and the flow rate of the treatment solution (regeneration reagent and rinsing water). Such a disadjustment can resuit in a change in the positions of the regeneration front and of the rinsing front in the column. This possibility can be eliminated by making the position of the fronts dependent on the rinsing flow rate and by utilizing the latter, as a control since its value is not critical because no consumption of reagent is involved.
The features and advantages of the invention will become clearer from a perusal of the following description which describes, by way of example, an installation for demineralizing water in a mixed bed of anion and cation exchange material, and in which description reference is made to the accompanying drawing which shows a diagrammatic view of the described installation in vertical section.
The installation comprises essentially a treatment chamber A, a fluidization separating column B, and two regeneration and rinsing columns C and D.
The treatment chamber A is divided into three parts. In the top part a of the chamber is a reserve in the form of a mixed bed of regenerated anion and cation exchange material, and in the center is located the treatment chamber proper b. The bottom of the chamber is utilized as a storage chamber c for the saturated ion exchange material. Between chamber parts a and b is mounted a perforated plate 4 provided with a plurality of tubes 5 of appropriate length and diameter and provided with grids 6 in the spaces between the tubes. The construction of plate 4 is such that it permits the flow of exe change material from the reserve a down into the treatment chamber proper b and enables the water treated in the latter to be delivered to a discharge pipe 3. A similarly constructed perforated plate 9 provided with tubes 8 is located between the treatment chamber parts b and c and permits downward flow of the saturated exchange material from the former chamber part b to the latter chamber part c and the upward flow of the water.
to be treated from chamber part c to chamber part b.
The water to be treated is introduced periodically into the base part c of the treatment chamber by a de= livery pipe 2 and its flow into such part is controlled by a valve 2 provided on such pipe 2. Following its entry into the chamber part b, the water to be treated passes up through the tubes 8 of plate 9 and into chamber part b.
. This flow of the untreated water through the tubes 8 prevents downward movement of the ion exchange material from chamber part b into chamber part 0. At the same time, the tubes 5 of the top plate 4 prevent such ion exchange material in chamber part b from rising into the top chamber part a, due to a reaction on the walls of these tubes by the hydro-dynamic forces developed in the bed of chamber part b. When the flow-rate of the untreated Water into chamber part c is suitably modulated, the ion exchange material will be enabled to move downwards into such chamber part from chamber part b. The ion exchange material passing from chamber part b to part 0 thereof are replaced at all points of the treatment chamber proper b by regenerated ion exchange material coming from the top chamber part a. Thus, as the cycle of water treatment is repeated, the mixed bed of ion exchange material in chamber part b is being periodically partially renewed by the evacuation, through the tubes 8 in bottom plate 9, of the saturated ion exchange material into the bottom chamber part c, and by the introduction through the tubes 5 of the top plate 4 of the regenerated ion exchange material from the top chamber part a. From chamber part c, the saturated ion exchange material. is uniformly distributed to the separator B.
The untreated water passing through the tubes 8 of plate 9, flows upwardly through the mixed bed of regenrial through the bottom plate 9. The high value of the" flow rate of the water into the chamber also causes a maximum packing of the ion exchange material bed in.
treatment of the water in the chamber proper b may be one or several minutes, the treated Water arriving at the top of such, chamber passing out through the pipe 3. The flow of the purified water from pipe 3 is regularized by a known device provided with a hydraulic fluid pressure accumulator.
As has also been previously indicated, such period of treatment of the water is followed by a period of short duration in' which the ion exchange material, bed in chamber part b moves toward the bottom chamber part c. This movement of the ion exchange material bed constitutes the transport phase of the treatment and is brought about by modulating the injection of the un-' of the treatment chamber.
closed circuit 11 through which water is circulated in I the direction of the arrows f by means of a pump 12.
The separated cation exchange material is recovered at the outlet 13 of the separator and pass into an appropriate lock chamber device 14 which drops the cation exchange material into one endof an elbow 15 which is in communication 'at its other end with thebase 24 of the regeneration column C. A transport liquid is injected at 16 into the entry end of the elbow l5 for carrying the cation exchange material through such elbow and into and up to the top 19of the regeneration column C, the.
transport liquid being evacuated from the top A of column C through a pipe 20. The flow of the transport liquid into the entry end of the elbow 15 is regulated by a valve 17 and suitable level detector control means 18, N of known construction. A valve 21 is also provided in the transport liquid discharge pipe to control the flow of such liquid therethrough;
As has been indicated, the cation exchange, material is carried toward the top 19 of the column C as its regeneration and rinsing are carried out in counterflow. The regeneration acid is injected into the column C at a place 22 intermediate the height of such column from a valve controlled conduit 23, and is evacuated at the base 24- of such column into a conduit 25' controlled by a valve 26. The rinsing water is injected into the top 19 of the column C from a pipe 27 controlled by a valve 28 and is evacuated with the regenerating solution at the 'base 24 of the column C. The rinsing and regenerating solution are thus both removed from column C through the conduit 25.
The regeneration of the anion exchange material is carried out in identically the same manner in the column D, except that instead of a regenerating acid, a basic regenerating solution is injected at the comparable intermediate place 22 of column D. Thus, the separated anion exchange material that is recovered at the outlet 13' of the separator B, passes through a lock chamber device mixing devices 32.- Theneutralization of the. two effluents is thuseffected by intermixing one with the other. The mixture of efiluents is. removedfrom the chamber 31 through a suitable conduit 31.
The regenerated and rinsed cation and anion exchange material pass from the upper ends 19, 1? of the columns C, D, respectively, through associated lock chambers 29, 23', respectively, and regularly and in small quantities from the latter into the top part a of the treatment chamber A. The regenerated anion and cation exchange material are so introduced into the chamber part a that they are joined and become mixed together at the place 7 in the upper portion of the chamber part a to form a homogeneous mixture for renewing of the'reserve bed in such chamber part.
It will be understood from the foregoing, that from the reserve or reservoir chamber part a the regenerated and rinsed, homogeneously mixed, anion. and cation exchange material will flow periodically into the treatment chamber proper b, to be evacuated when saturated as the result of the counterflow of water being treated, through the tubes 8 of the pierced plate 9 into the bottom part c This ope-ration of the treatment chamber, portion of the installation, as has been indicated, is characterized by the repeated alternation of two working phases, namely, a treatment phase in which the water is being treated while the downward movement of the exchange material is temporarily halted, and a transport'phase in which the exchange material renews its downward movement to effect a partial renewal of the ion exchange material bed in the treatment chamber part b.
a The treatment chamber A is provided with means for controlling the position of 'the treatment front. Such means comprises two resistivity cells 37 and 38 located on the chamber A to measure the resistivity of the water on both sides of the treatment front. The cells 37, 38 are electrically connected to a conventional type of responsive device 39 capable of controlling the operation of the electric motor offpump 40 connected'to the untreated water supply line 2. With this arrangement, when the treatment front changes from a given normal position, such change will be detected bythe cells 37 and 38 which will actuate the responsive device to cause the veloc- 1ty of the motor and therefore that of the pump to be modified so as to change the flow rate of the water to be will be slowed to decrease the fiow'of untreated water 14' and elbow 15 into the bottom end 24' of column D,
tively, are joined together in a common outlet 30 which discharges into a chamber 31 provided with a suitable being pumped into the bottom part c of the treatment chamber.
Each of the columns C, D is also provided with means for'controlling the position of the rinsing front in such column. As the means associated with each of columns -C and Dfor this purpose are exactly alike, in order to simplify the showing of the drawing, they have been shown therein only in connection with column C, it being understood however, that column D is also provided with like means associated therewith in the same manner. It will be noted that such means are essentially the same as the means associated with the treatment chamber A for controlling thetreatment front therein, in that they include two" resistivity cells 33, 34 located on opposite sides of the rinsing front in its normal position in column C, and a responsive device 35. electrically connected to control'the electric motor of the pump 36 for feeding rinsing water through the supply pipe 27. It will therethey will actuate the responsive device 35 to cause a change in the velocity of the pump and consequently in the flow rate of the rinsing water such as will restore the rinsing front to its normal position. The flow rate of the rinsing water will be increased to move the displaced front downwardly to its normal position, and will be decreased to enable the displaced front to move upwardly to its normal position.
As has been previously stated, the form of construction illustrated in the drawings and hereinabove described, has been given by way of example and should not be considered as restrictive; it being the intention of applicants to cover all forms of the invention coming within the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. The method of treating liquids with anion and cation exchange material which comprises moving the anion and cation exchange material in two endless closed circuits each composed of a vertical regeneration column from the upper end of which the regenerated ion exchange material is fed to a supply pile at the upper end of a vertical column common to both circuits and including a mixed bed of anion and cation exchange material that is situated below said supply pile and is continuously renewed from said supply pile, the saturated anion and cation exchange material passing from the bottom of said mixed bed being separated and fed into the bottom ends of the regeneration columns in their associated endless closed circuits, introducing rinsing liquid into the upper end of the regeneration column in each circuit to enable such liquid to flow downwardly in counterflow relation to the upwardly moving ion exchange material therein, introducing regeneration liquid into the regeneration column in each circuit at a point below the upper end thereof to enable such liquid to flow downwardly in counterfiow relation to the upwardly moving ion exchange material therein, introducing the liquid to be treated into the bottom end of said common column below said mixed bed and forcing such liquid up through the latter in counterfiow relation to the downwardly moving ion exchange material in said bed, and withdrawing the treated liquid rising through such mixed bed at the top of the latter and below said supply pile of regenerated exchange material.
2. A method such as defined in claim 1, in which the regeneration and rinsing liquids introduced into each regeneration column are removed together at a place located at the lower ends of said columns, the combined regeneration and rinsing liquids recovered from both of said regeneration columns being thereafter intermixed to provide a substantially neutral mixture of the same.
3. A method such as defined in claim 1, in which each separated, saturated exchange material is fed with a transport liquid into the bottom end of its associated regeneration column, and including selecting the flow rates of the transport, regeneration and rinsing liquids for at least one of said ion exchange materials to maintain the rinsing front therefor at a given portion of the regeneration column for such one material, located intermediate said points of application of the regeneration and rinsing liquids, and varying at least one of such flow ratesfin the event of a movement of such front out of such given portion, such as to bring such front back into such given portion.
4-. A method such as defined in claim 3, in which the flow rate of said rinsing liquid is modified in the event of a movement of the rinsing front from said given portion of the regeneration column.
5. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids with ion exchange material, comprising an elongaed, vertically disposed treatment tank having an upper portion, an intermediate portion and a lower portion, and having a top inlet for the introduction of regenerated ion exchange material into said upper tank portion, and having a bottom outlet for the discharge of saturated ion exchange material from said lower tank portion, means in the upanion and cation exchange material, means for continuously feeding regenerated anion and cation exchange material to said upper tank portion and into a supply pile on said upper means, said upper and lower means being constructed to enable said deep bed to be renewed, by the passage through the former of regenerated ion exchange material drawn from the bottom of such pile thereof into said bed, and by the passage of saturated ion exchange material from said bed through said lower means and into said bottom storage portion as the same are withdrawn from the latter through said bottom outlet, and means for controlling the rate of downward flow of the ion exchange material through said deep bed comprising means for injecting the liquid to be treated into said bottom storage portion at a place spaced upwardly from said bottom outlet and under such pressure that the liquid is caused to flow upwardly through said lower means and through said deep bed in counterflow relation to the downwardly moving ion exchange material therein, and means for Withdrawing the treated liquid in the region of said upper means and at the juncture of said deep bed and said supply pile.
6. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids such as defined in claim 5, in which said controlling means includes means for varying the applied rate of flow of the liquid to be treated into said bottom storage portion to efiect in alternate repeated fashion a treating interval for said liquid in said bed and a transport interval for said ion exchange material through said bed, said varying means modifying such liquid so that the renewal rate of said ion exchange material in said intermediate bed portion is substantially reduced in said treating interval.
7. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids such as defined in claim 5, including means located adjacently below the bottom outlet end of said treatment tank for continually separating the saturated anion and cation exchange material removed from the bed by said withdrawing means.
8. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids such as defined in claim 7, including means for supporting two columns of continually renewing separate beds of said separated anion and cation exchange material, means for feeding the separated ion exchange material in separated condition from said separating means to the lower ends of such columnar beds in said separate supporting means and upwardly through such beds, and means for continually feeding regenerating and rinsing liquids to each of said separate beds in counter-flow to the direction of renewal thereof, and means for removing the regenerated ion exchange material from the upper ends of said supporting means.
9. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids such as defined in claim 8 in which there is associated with each of said supporting means for the separate columnar beds of upwardly moving anion and cation exchange material, a first means for continually injecting a regeneration liquid into the bed supported thereby at a first point located intermediate the upper and lower ends of such bed, a second means located at a point above said first point for continually injecting a rinsing liquid into the bed, and a third means located below said first point for continual ly removing the efiluent of said regeneration and rinsing liquids.
10. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids such as defined in claim 9, including means for continually combining and mixing the eiiluents from both of said sup- 11- porting means for the separate columnar. beds of anion and cation exchange material.
11. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids such as defined in claim 8, in which said means for feeding the separated ion exchange material includes means for mixing a transport liquid with each separated ion exchange material prior to its entry into the lower end of its associated columnar supporting means, andincluding means at the upper ion exchanger discharge end of each of said columnar supporting means, for continually separating the regenerated ion exchange material from such transport liquid, said removing meansbeing operable to feed the separated regenerated anion and cation exchange material to the top inlet of said treatment tank and to mix said regenerated ion exchange material in said reserve portion of said tank and deposit the resulting mixture thereof into the supply pile on said upper means.
12. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids such as def fined in claim 5 including means for detecting a change" in position of the treatment front in the intermediate 7 liquid treating portionof said tank from a given operating liquid to saidbeds in said columnar supporting means are located at the upper end portions of the latter, and including means for detecting a change in position of the rinsing front formed by the downwardly flowing rinsing fluid in the bed supported in at least one of said columnar supporting means from a given operating position thereof located below the associated rinsing liquid feeding means, means for controlling the fluid flow of at least one of the liquids being fed to such bed, and means responsive to said detecting means and controlling said fluid flow control means, and operable to cause the latter to modify the flow of said controlled liquid so as to maintain said rinsing front in its given operating position.
14. Apparatus for the treatment of liquids with ion exchange material, constituted of a plurality of elements arranged to form two endless, closed circuits for the materials utilized in such treatment, and including a vertically disposed treatment tank common to both circuits and having a top inlet for the introduction of regenerated ion exchange material and a bottom outlet for the discharge of saturated ion exchange material, and an ion exchange material separating means common to both circuits and connected to the bottom outlet of' said-treatment tank, and said elements including in each closed circuit means for supporting an upstanding column of separated .ion
exchange materiaLmeans for feeding such ion exchange material from said separating means to the lower end of -such columnar supporting means, and means for feeding such ion exchange material from the upper end of such columnar supporting means to a supply pile of mixed ion exchange material in the upper end portion of said treatment tank, said apparatus further comprising means at the upper end portion of each columnar supporting means for introducing rinsing liquid to the exchanger column therein to flow downwardly in counterflow relation to the upwardly moving ion exchange material in such column, means located below said rinsing liquid means for introducing regeneration liquid to the exchanger column in such supporting meanstto flow downwardly in counterflow'relation to the upwardly moving ion exchange material in each column, and means at the lower end portion of such supporting means for recovering the regeneration and rinsing liquids, means in the upper portion of said treatment tank forming an upper reserve chamber portion for said supply pile of mixed regenerated ion exchange material, means in the lower portion of said tank forming a bottom storage chamber portion forthe saturated ion exchange material, said upper and lower means defining the ends of a treating chamber portion containing throughout its extent a deep bed of mixed anion and cation exchange'material, and said upper and lower means being constructed to enable said deep bed to be renewed, by the passage through theformer of regenerated ion exchangematerial drawn from the bottom of such pile thereof into said bed, and by the passage of saturated ion exchange material from said bed through said lower means and into said'bottom storage portion as the same are withdrawn from the latter through said bottom outlet, and means for controlling the rate of downward flow of the ion exchange material through said deep bed comprising means for injecting the liquid to be treated into said bottom storage portion at a place spaced upwardly from said bottom outlet and under such pressure that the liquid is caused to flow upwardly through said lower means and through said deep bed in counter flow relation to the downwardly moving ion exchange material therein, and means for withdrawing the treated liquid in the region of said upper means and at the juncture of said deep bed and said supply pile.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,572,848 10/51 Fitch 210-189 2,767,140 10/56 Fitch 21033 I 2,973,319 2/61 Porter 21033 3,072,567 1/63 Evans et al. 12746 MORRIS O. W OLK, lrimary Examiner,
ALEXANDER WYMAN, Examiner.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 ,l93,498 July 6, 1965 Roger Platzer et a1.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 4, line 9, for "exchangers" read exchange material column 9, line 70, for "elongaed" read elongated column 10, line 38, after "liquid" insert flow Signed and sealed this 22nd day of February 1966.
(SEAL) Attest:
ERNEST W. SWIDER Attesting Officer EDWARD J. BRENNER Commissioner of Patents
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 5, 1950
|Oct 30, 1951
|Dorr Co
|Method and apparatus for continuously conducting ion exchange operations
|Oct 7, 1954
|Oct 16, 1956
|Dorr Oliver Inc
|Continuous ion exchange treatment
|Apr 21, 1959
|Feb 28, 1961
|Transvaal & Orange Free State
|Process of contacting liquids with solids
|Mar 11, 1959
|Jan 8, 1963
|Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc
|Process for continuous contacting of liquids and particle form solids countercurrently
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 19, 1966
|Jun 13, 1967
|Illinois Water Treat Co
|Apparatus for moving ion exchange resin through a working zone
|Dec 8, 1966
|Feb 25, 1969
|Burgess William R
|Method of regenerating ion exchange material from service demineralizers
|Jan 31, 1968
|Dec 22, 1970
|Brown Hart
|Contact process and apparatus
|Sep 18, 1968
|Apr 20, 1971
|Nippon Rensui Kk
|Counterflow, moving bed type, ion exchange apparatus
|Jan 17, 1972
|Mar 12, 1974
|Mannesmann Ag
|Method and equipment for desalination of liquids
|Oct 31, 1972
|Apr 9, 1974
|Steinmueller Gmbh L & C
|Device for continuously treating fluids
|Sep 10, 1973
|Oct 28, 1975
|Hager & Elsaesser
|Apparatus for the treatment of water solutions by ion exchange
|Dec 4, 1974
|May 9, 1978
|Hager & Elsaesser
|Process for the treatment of water solution by ion exchange
|Mar 2, 1979
|Feb 3, 1981
|Occidental Research Corporation
|Flotation separation of glass from a mixture of comminuted inorganic materials
|Jan 26, 1981
|Jun 7, 1983
|Biolab Equipment Ltd.
|Ion exchange regeneration plant
|Aug 26, 1991
|Dec 22, 1992
|Metanetix, Inc.
|Removal of contaminants and recovery of metals from waste solutions
|Jan 10, 1994
|Nov 12, 1996
|Junius; John H.
|Fluid filter using floating media
|Jun 6, 1996
|Jan 13, 1998
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Water treating method and apparatus treating waste water by using ion exchange resin
|Jun 8, 1994
|Jun 9, 1998
|Nordic Water Products Ab
|Process and apparatus for biological treatment of water
|Aug 18, 1997
|Jun 30, 1998
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Water treating method for treating waste water by using ion exchange resin
|Nov 12, 1996
|Aug 31, 1999
|Junius; John H.
|Fluid filter using floating media
|Feb 9, 2004
|May 6, 2008
|Drake Engineering Incorporated
|Method for preferentially removing monovalent cations from contaminated water
|Feb 7, 2005
|Jan 4, 2011
|Drake Engineering Incorporated
|Apparatus for removing undesirable components from a contaminated solution containing both desirable and undesirable components
|Jan 1, 2011
|May 13, 2014
|Drake Water Technologies, Inc.
|Methods for hydrodynamic control of a continuous water purification system
|Feb 7, 2005
|Aug 11, 2005
|Drake Ronald N.
|Controlled liquid purification system
|Feb 9, 2004
|Nov 23, 2006
|Drake Ronald N
|Continuous selective ion exchange process and apparatus
|Jan 1, 2011
|Jul 7, 2011
|Drake Ronald N
|Methods for hydrodynamic control of a continuous water purification system
|U.S. Classification
|210/676, 210/264, 210/189, 210/686, 210/269
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
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Communities (12)
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- 16Did Anderson actually pass?
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The second-biggest price gain in Apple's stock is a welcome distraction from recent concerns about falling iPhone sales, and could confirm what Warren Buffett may have believed several months ago, that a bottom has already been seen. 5:00 p.m. July 30, 2016
The GoodHaven Fund's Larry Pitkowsky and Keith Trauner push into miners and energy, producing double the returns of the S&P 500. 1:14 p.m. July 30, 2016
Mark Travis of Intrepid Capital tries to figure out what a company would be worth in the private market, says Phil van Doorn. 1:13 p.m. July 30, 2016
Stocks Headlines
Record-low returns on government bonds and yields above 5% for real estate make U.K. property "historically" attractive, even amid fears the Brexit vote will hamper the sector.12:17 p.m. July 30, 2016
This bull market might be long in the tooth, but stocks can continue to climb next week if economic data help reinforce the perception that the U.S. economic recovery remains intact.12:00 p.m. July 30, 2016
Many regrets center around what you didn't do, not what you did.9:00 a.m. July 30, 2016
Many regrets center around what you didn't do, not what you did.5:00 p.m. July 29, 2016
Political donations from hedge fund owners and employees have increased this cycle.12:00 p.m. July 29, 2016
Political donations from hedge fund owners and employees have increased this cycle.9:00 a.m. July 29, 2016
The American economy is alive and improving, writes Jeff Reeves.5:10 a.m. July 29, 2016
Amazon.com Inc. is expected to report second-quarter earnings after the market closes on Thursday. Analysts are forecasting strong top- and bottom-line growth for the quarter ended in June, fueled by e-commerce sales and Prime membership growth, as well as improvements in its enterprise cloud offering, Amazon Web Services.5:00 p.m. July 28, 2016
Richard Thaler: How to fix the 401(k)
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text: Dabedread Play via YouTube OPEN IN APP NSFW Safe Is this playlist safe for work? Speed Up The Thrash! November 30, 2011 | 10 tracks | 279 31 | Stats Cross ExaminationMunicipal WasteSSS crossover thrashthrash metalthrashmetal Liked Collect Share Edit Liked! Share this mix with friends: Speed Up The Thrash! Wrong video Collect Share Liked! Share this mix with friends:


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Patient Comments: Head Injury - Children
Did your child suffer a head injury? Please share your experience.
Comment from: ikky, 25-34 Female (Caregiver) Published: March 12
My child suffered a head injury years ago and appeared fine, except a knot formed in the middle of her forehead after several days had passed. Currently she has behavior problems that appear to be schizophrenic and could be a danger! Recent hospitalization has helped some with the depression and anxiety. A recent visit, and with me she appears rational. I am concerned that the childhood trauma was more severe and that the knot may be a hemorrhage that gone undetected.
Comment from: Mom, 0-2 Female (Caregiver) Published: November 04
Two weeks after my daughter's 2nd birthday we were about to watch Saturday morning cartoons. My parents had a 25 inch television on a stand with rolling castors and double doors. She was in front of the TV when I told her to move away and started to get up to get her. She opened the doors and acting as levers the television fell on top of her covering her whole body, smashing her head against the hardwood floor. I was not 8 ft. from her and I could not get to her in time. Twenty years ago, 25 inch TVs were very large and heavy. I threw the TV across the room and I remember thinking why aren't you crying? She was not even breathing. She suffered a closed head injury and cranial nerve damage. In that one split second all of our lives changed. She coded three times on the way to the hospital. We spent a month in children's hospital. They had a unit where parents could stay with their child. They said she would not improve, after about a year. She is the strongest person I know. She still has to work at staying in control and staying on top of things but she is a beautiful and capable young woman with a three year old daughter! She needs a TBI (traumatic brain injury) specialist and probably always will. It is a nightmare that never ends. The guilt, frustration, anxiety and grief are still present every day and that is just my pain. I cannot even imagine the pain, emotional and physical, that she has experienced. She needs to be more independent. I will not be around forever and I need to know that she will be okay.
Comment from: me, 55-64 Male (Patient) Published: October 18
I banged the front of my head on a wooden floor. It made my head ring and I could not focus.
Patient Comments
Viewers share their comments
Head Injury - Cause Question: Please describe the cause and outcome of your Head Injury.
Head Injury (Brain Injury) - Symptoms Question: What were the symptoms associated with a head injury in you or someone you know?
Head Injury - Treatment Question: What was the treatment for your head injury?
Head Injury - Prognosis Question: What was/is the prognosis for someone you know who suffered a head injury?
Head Injury - Prevention Question: Please provide tips and suggestions for preventing a head injury.
Patient Comments are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your physician or other qualified health provider because of something you have read on MedicineNet. The opinions expressed in the comments section are of the author and the author alone. MedicineNet does not endorse any specific product, service or treatment.
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- 18 & over
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Comic Diversity presents Superstorm Stand-Up
Friday, November 30, 2012 9:30 PM
Gotham Comedy Club, New York, NY
Share with your friends:
Show Details
- Ticket Price: $0.00
- Door Time: 9:00 PM
18 & over
2 Beverage Minimum Per Person
Non-Refundable & Non-Transferable
Comic Diversity is a monthly stand up show at New York's Gotham Comedy Club that onlydiscriminates on the basis of funny. We're known for breaking hilarious new comic talent. Add comedy's rising stars to a surprising mix of established players, and everybody laughs. Past performers have also appeared on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel Live, Conan, The Late Show with Craig Ferguson, Last Comic Standing, Comedy Central, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Bill Bellamy's Who's Got Jokes, Comic View, and Late Night with David Letterman.
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text:
Cat Canvas
Silverleaf Games
- December 18, 2012
( 30)
Chase a mouse, paint a painting!
This app is like paint or photoshop but for cats.
This app is like paint or photoshop but for cats.
All the screenshots were created by real cats.
Keywords: cat, paint, canvas, paint for cats, photoshop, painting
Doesn't work on le pan ii Wouldn't load at all on honeycomb. Loads to menu screen on ICS but nothing happens, no response from app. Back button does not work, but all other tablet buttons function normally. Love a similar app on iPad, would love to use this one on my Le Pan II tablet. Hope to change my review soon!
Love It I wish it was easier to find in the App Store but other than that I love it! My friend has the paint for cats on her iPad and that is how I found out about this type of app but could not find anything for the life of me for Android until I searched on the internet don't know if you can change some search parameters but you might want to but love love love the app woohoo
My cat uninterested. I don't like that it does predetermined paw shapes and splotches. If the cat touches with its nose, it should leave a nose print; if she slashes across the screen it should leave a slash. The "artwork" created is not really the cat's.
Want a refund! This thing hasn't worked since I purchased it! Very disappointed! How do I get a refund? I am very annoyed. I have a cat who actively likes to play on my tablet.
I used to love this app when it worked! I got great images on my nexus 7 but when I upgraded to my nexus 9 the app wouldn't even open and this issue has not been addressed in over a year. Very disappointing for a paid app.
Very cute! Cat loves it. Gave it 4 stars instead of 5 because color palettes are so drab. Saved paintings difficult to locate; they don't show in gallery & no folder location noted. I found mine buried in 'Android/data' directory on sd card.
What's New
Fixed a bug where sometimes the app would ignore the palette you chose
Catch & release the feline fun in Cat Fishing 2: a game for cats from Friskies!


text:
Posted : 30+ days old
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|Reviews for Let the Dream Descend
| Guest chapter 30 . 3/16/2014
Please continue updating! I miss this story!
| M.C.Denalde chapter 30 . 3/16/2014
Hey I know it's been a while but I would still love to see this story continue. Its my fave fic, and I really miss the updates :) Ive also reread the same chapters waaay too many times lol
| 2014clb chapter 30 . 1/7/2014
I read all of this in two days and I really hope you update soon, and keep updating regularly. your writing style is fantastic!
| Guest chapter 30 . 9/29/2013
please go on writing. :-)
| Guest chapter 1 . 9/28/2013
your story hast so much potential and I miss reading it. pleaso continue with writing. I am so interested in how their characters will develope. hopefully you won't stop at all? when will you go on uploading? can't wait.
| Stella221 chapter 29 . 8/5/2013
oh god. She's so stupid! This Christine makes me want to smack her, and yet, it's believable. Erik is right that she is selfish. She wanted to stay married to Erik probably because she needs him to need her, and she doesn't want the guilt of cutting off that tie, and yet, staying married to a man who loves her and having an affair with another man and bearing her lover's child... Eurgh.
I kind of wish the karma would come around and bite her in the butt. As in, Erik cooperates and finishes his therapy to leave having been cured of his love for her, only for her to realize that she did perhaps love him as well and that he was right. She's chosen Raoul because she wanted someone normal to make decisions for her, so that living was not her responsibility, and yet she can't leave the skills Erik taught her. Can't always sit on the fence forever. I actually wishes this Christine gets a rude awakening. Her actions and indecision cause so much pain.
| Allegra chapter 30 . 5/17/2013
Your story is one of the few which have taken a fresh , psychological approach to Erik and Christines relationship . I am extremely curious to see where it goes . I actually really like this filler chapter , because it subtly shows us bits of their life together (the slight tension , and the comparison of Christine to a cat were nice touches) . Please update soon !
| M.C.Denalde chapter 30 . 5/18/2013
I really enjoyed the Disney reference lol I'm pretty sure Christine liked music that wasn't quite so heavy too :) good chp update soon
| emeraldphan chapter 30 . 5/16/2013
I was so happy when I saw an Alert for this earlier and couldn't wait to enjoy it properly. It's short, but still important, as it's inevitable that Christine will seek out contact with another human being. Not sure if Erik was too impressed though... He is hard to read, isn't he?! You also managed to convey how much he is in control in that house - through Richard's reluctance to teach Christine and the way he left the room after Erik's order.
Still a great story, thank you!
| LaurenvBelladonna chapter 30 . 5/16/2013
Erik getting jealous? Love this story! Good luck woth your studies! :D
| PhantomFan01 chapter 30 . 5/16/2013
Erik being possessive as usual to his character...can't wait for the next chapter :D
| LaurenvBelladonna chapter 29 . 4/17/2013
This story is fantastic! I love how it's modern dat but still manages to work! And come on, who doesn't like an obsessed, stalkerish Erik? Can't wait for more!
| Everyonedeserveslove chapter 29 . 4/17/2013
I hate you Christine! Poor Erik! I don't think I can continue reading this only because of how sad it is! Dear Lord!
| Anonymous chapter 29 . 4/13/2013
Awww! I love it so far. Keep writing!
| PhantomFan01 chapter 29 . 4/13/2013
Woah that's a big twist her being pregnant :O Can't wait for the next chapter :D


text:
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BUENA VISTA TOWNSHIP - Township Committee put off action Monday night as officials held a special public meeting to discuss vacant township-owned properties in Richland Village that may be sold, including four buildings and three parcels.
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Decent wireless performance
Built-in dynamic DNS client for DynDNS
Multi-OS support
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Mail: Great chance to Hear Nebraska!
Davis at Legislature: Black eye for brand commission
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Group files lawsuit over 'blighted' designation for chicken processing plant
Western corn rootworm beetles
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Rainbow Cupcakes are available for order from the Centris Federal Credit Union to support the Relay for Life cancer treatment fundraiser.
Orders will be taken until March 22.
To order, call 308-520-0190 (Shelly) or 308-520-0979 (Amanda) or send Amanda an email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
All proceeds go to Lincoln County Relay for Life
Flatrock Publishing, Inc.
1300 E 4th St., Suite F
North Platte, NE 69101


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Soul Calibur V gets new gameplay footage from EVO
Before the mentalness that happened overnight, Namco fighting bosses Katsuhiro Harada and Daishi Odashima showed up at EVO to unveil new gameplay footage of Soul Calibur V, as well as take part in a joint panel for SC and Tekken. The fights feature Zwei vs Patroclus, Mitsurugi vs Siegfried and Ivy vs Natsu. Get the lot below, via GameSpot. The fighter's out next year for PS3 and 360.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


text: ChrisGarland Play via YouTube OPEN IN APP NSFW Safe Is this playlist safe for work? Quiet Wednesdays March 30, 2011 | 9 tracks | 43 1 | Stats The KidsTegan and SaraOwen Pallett Liked Collect Share Edit Liked! Share this mix with friends: Quiet Wednesdays Wrong video Collect Share Liked! Share this mix with friends:


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This is a split board - You can return to the Split List for other boards.
What if fennekin evolved into whatever the heck he wants! Stop forcing your oppinions on him. He can be a dancer if he wants to, he can leave his friends behind,Cause his friends don't dance, And if they don't dance, well they're no friends of his
You are not allowed to request a sticky.


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Write a review and help others make a better decision about their treatment.
We have all the information you need about public and private plastic surgery clinics that provide laser assisted liposuction in Canada. Compare all the plastic surgery clinics and contact the plastic surgeon in Canada who's right for you.
Looking for Laser Assisted Liposuction? Choose from 5 Laser Assisted Liposuction Clinics in Canada and compare prices, patient reviews, and availability. Find the Best Price for Laser Assisted Liposuction in Canada. Compare how much Laser Assisted Liposuction cost at all 5 clinics and save money on your treatment.
The clinic was beautiful, clean and spa like. The staff were kind, helpful and very accommodating on the phone and in person. Dr. Husain was pleasant and I did not feel rushed during my appointment. I would highly recommend Allura to my family and friends.
Love the clinic, clean, modern & very friendly staff, including surgical staff, nurse, doctors and plastic surgeon Dr. Quinton Chivers in my opinion is simply the best also Jennifer Lyle was so easy to talk with and very comforting. Dr. Chivers gave me the most beautiful breasts that I have been waiting for sooo many years. Love them...Love them. I had a very quick recovery and not much pain. Overall great experience with this doctor and this clinic and staff.
for clinics who provide Laser Assisted Liposuction in Canada
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Always wanted to build a go-kart but don't know how to weld? Or maybe you would like to make an iPhone game, but don't know how to program? Or perhaps you have ideas for some cool electronics projects, but don't really know how to get started? More ...Read More
Posts Tagged fall 2012
2012 Fall Class Registration Is Open
by smcameron on Sept. 9, 2012, 11:07 p.m.
Artist Support Grant
The TXRX Labs Artist Support Grant provides 6 months of access to the unique facilities and training for which TXRX Labs is already well known to Artists allowing them to further develop their practice and technique.Click here to learn more
About TXRX Labs
Established in 2008, TXRX Labs is a non-profit hackerspace for the greater Houston area. Housed in the East End District, we offer courses in and access to our rapid prototyping lab, woodshop, machineshop, electronics lab, and a wide variety of other tools. Our goal is to educate the public about technology and show how seemingly complex techniques can be used by anyone. If you like what we do, please donate.
This Week at TXRX Labs
- 07/25 - Conference Room reserved
- 07/26 - Team Delta Meeting
- 07/27 - Laser Cutter Hangout
- 07/30 - intelligent social robots
- 07/30 - Houston Robotics Club


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Discontinued Insignia™ - Sport 1GB* MP3 Player - Black
Model: NS-DA1G
Rock out to your favorite MP3 playlists with this 1GB MP3 player that features a color screen and can hold up to 1,000 photos. 1GB* internal flash storage holds up to 250 songs or 1,000 photos Pocket-size design measures just over 0.5" thin and weighs only 1.2 ounces Supports MP3, WMA, WMA-DRM and JPEG formats
Need More Help With A Product?
If you want to choose, install, or repair an Insignia product, we're here to help.
Join the Insignia Community
Ask questions, share ideas and get advice about how Insignia products fit into your lifestyle. Visit our community forum.
Product Features
- 1.2" OLED color screen
- Built-in FM tuner
- High-speed USB 2.0 interface for blazing transfer speeds
- Easy CD ripping
- Rubberized carrying case included for durability
- Rechargeable battery provides up to 18 hours of playback time
- Supports Napster and Rhapsody subscription music services
- PlaysForSure compatible
- PC and Mac compatible
- Not sure which MP3 player is right for you?: >> Our MP3 Player Shopping Assistant will get you started!
- *Note: Actual formatted capacity less.
Need help?
If you want to choose, install or repair Insignia products, we're here to help.Click Here
Complete Specifications
|0.075 pounds
|Color Category
|Warranty Parts
|1 year
|Warranty Labor
|1 year
Need help?
If you want to choose, install or repair Insignia products, we're here to help.Click Here
Thanks for joining the community of friends who own and enjoy Insignia products. For assistance in the use and maintenance of your product, take a look through the guides below. And, remember if you still can't find what you're looking for, visit Support & Service for the many ways you can stay connected.
Drivers, Firmware and Software
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2011 Ford Mustang V6 DUB Edition – Click above for high-res image
12BMW introduces exclusive M3 Edition models
- Damon Lavrinc
- May 29, 2009
- 12
2009 BMW M3 Edition - Click above for high-res image gallery
7(More) Limited Editions: Koenigsegg reportedly cutting production of CCX, CCXR models
- Damon Lavrinc
- Mar 20, 2009
- 7
Koenigsegg CCXR Edition - Click above for a high-res gallery
34Farewell, Friend: Honda announces S2000 Ultimate Edition for Europe
- Damon Lavrinc
- Jan 29, 2009
- 34
Click above for a high-res gallery of the Honda S2000 Ultimate Edition
17Bats and Boats - Special edition Volvos for Bo' Sox fans and sailors alike
New England is Volvo Country. It's also home territory for the loved and loathed Red Sox. There's plenty of cars plastered with "B" stickers, license plates and trinkum. Long a sponsor of Red Sox baseball, Volvo's rolled out a special edition of its stubby C30. The Kammback hatch comes with a factory-fitted Team logo stuck to the glass of the rear hatch, fender badges and a distinctive shade of red. This regionally pimped Volvo is a limited edition, with only 107 examples being produced.
23Rumormill: Dodge Challenger SS Drag package weeks away
5Detroit 2008: Maserati unveils special Quattroporte "Collezione Cento"
- Noah Joseph
- Jan 14, 2008
- 5
17Rumormill: Bugatti developing $3m uber-Veyron track car
- Noah Joseph
- Jan 10, 2008
- 17
var digg_url = 'http://digg.com/autos/Bugatti_building_new_supercar_that_s_faster_than_Veyron'; Speculation over a potential second model from Bugatti has been a colossal roller-coaster. There were rumors of a super-luxury sedan, an entry-level roadster and a targa variant of the existing Veyron.
14Upwardly Mobile: Ferrari edition Motorola Z8
- Noah Joseph
- Dec 20, 2007
- 14
From its headquarters in Maranello, Ferrari has traditionally operated two divisions: one that makes exquisite road cars, and another that competes in motorsports. More recently, however, a third division has emerged, with the responsibility of conducting the company's ever-increasing marketing enterprise. The Global Branding Division itself seems to be following two tracks: licensing products as exclusive as the road cars and targeted towards their owners, and marketing merchandise to the Scude
1Stonermobile: Alfa Romeo 147 Ducati
- Noah Joseph
- Oct 16, 2007
- 1
14Frankfurt 2007: Mazda RX-8 Special Edition
Mazda is celebrating 40 years of putting engines inspired by pony kegs in their cars by rolling out a special version of the RX-8 2+2. Mazda's official hyperbole about the RX-8 brags that the car changed customer expectations of what an affordable sports car should be when they launched the four-place coupe in 2003. It sure did; we've now come to expect less than the stated power output from the Renesis Wankel, which also swills oil like a... well, like a Wankel. Now that we've ensured that ever
AddPut a Ron Fellows Z06 on your desk
- Jonathon Ramsey
- May 25, 2007
- Add
2Vertu rides the Prancing Horse
- Noah Joseph
- Mar 29, 2007
- 2
- Volvo shoots for self-drivers by 2021
- Jeep spends $1 billion on factories
- Find Parts & Accessories for your vehicle!
- Obama rolls out new EV plan
- Infiniti dealers ranked best, Tesla worst
- Compare Volvo XC90 and Lincoln MKX


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