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Book your room at Hampton Inn Midland
Get an overview of this hotelHotel in Midland with free breakfast and outdoor pool
Situated in Midland, this hotel is within 3 mi (5 km) of Scharbauer Sports Complex, First American Bank Ballpark, and Grande Comunications Stadium. Museum of the Southwest and Haley Memorial Library and History Center are also within 6 mi (10 km).
Hotel Features
An outdoor pool, a fitness center, and a 24-hour business center are available at this hotel. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided.
Room Amenities
All 79 rooms offer conveniences like refrigerators and coffee makers, along with free WiFi, free wired Internet, and TVs. Other amenities available to guests include free weekday newspapers, hair dryers, and ironing boards.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Hampton Inn Midland5011 W Loop 250 N Midland TX 79707
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Hampton Inn Midland features an outdoor pool and a fitness center. High-speed wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary. A 24-hour business center is on site. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- 24-hour business center
- Fitness facilities
- Free breakfast
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 3
- Outdoor pool
- Total number of rooms - 79
Family Friendly Amenities
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Free Wi-Fi
- Microwave (on request)
- Outdoor pool
- Refrigerator
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free weekday newspaper
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Microwave (on request)
- Refrigerator
- Television
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an outdoor pool and a fitness center.
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Hotel Name
- Hampton Inn Hotel Midland
- Hampton Inn Midland
- Midland Hampton Inn
- Hampton Inn Midland Hotel
- Hampton Inn Midland Hotel Midland
We should mention
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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Endurance exercise and metabolism are linked to transcriptional activation of human telomeres, researchers propose.
Well-Brined Pork
July 1, 2016|
Watch what happens when marine organisms have their way with a sunken pig carcass.
July 1, 2016|
Watch what happens when marine organisms have their way with a sunken pig carcass.
February 1, 2016|
See a preview of the app that lets you ask questions of a virtual Charles Darwin.
January 1, 2016|
What can social networks among hunter-gatherers in Tanzania teach us about how cooperation evolved in human populations?
November 1, 2015|
How the foods that make us fattest are not that different from heroin and cocaine
October 1, 2015|
In Oliver Sacks's 2009 TED Talk, the famed physician and writer describes the neurological nature of hallucinations.
October 1, 2015|
Harvard Professor Marc Weisskopf discusses the potential link between formaldehyde and ALS.
October 1, 2015|
Visit the remote Turkish village where the musical language that residents use to communicate across valleys is elucidating how language is processed in the brain.
September 1, 2015|
James Hudspeth talks brain processing and hearing in this video from Rockefeller University.
April 1, 2015|
Cornell researchers probe the brains of jumping spiders to gain insight into the arachnid's visual processing capabilities.
March 1, 2015|
See human brains age in week-by-week time lapse images that divulge the existence of tiny strokes that damage white matter.

subset: commoncrawl


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Email this article from PlasticsNews.com
Quigley named president of Sterling Technologies
LAKE CITY, PA. (March 28, 11:00 a.m. ET) — Cary Quigley has been promoted to president of Sterling Technologies Inc., a Lake City-based custom rotational molder. Quigley has worked for the company since 1998, with management responsibility in areas including sales, manufacturing, quality, shipping, engineering and purchasing.
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text: 000 AWUS83 KDVN 181503 RWSDVN IAZ040>042-051>054-063>068-076>078-087>089-098-099-ILZ001-002-007- 009-015>018-024>026-034-035-MOZ009-010-182100- Weather Summary National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL 1003 AM CDT MON JUL 18 2016 A weak cold front dropped southeastward through northern Illinois and east central Iowa overnight, as some showers and thunderstorms moved eastward across areas south of I-80. Some of the stronger storms produced gusty winds and torrential rains. Otherwise, warm, muggy, and humid conditions prevailed across the area, along with some patchy areas of fog. As of 7 am, overnight lows ranged from 64 in Independence, up to 79 in Keokuk. Mostly cloudy to cloudy skies will prevail across the area today, with some clearing working into the area during the late afternoon. Some lingering showers will remain possible across areas south of Highway 34 from Ottumwa to Galesburg through the afternoon. Temperatures will top out in the lower and middle 80s along and north of Interstate 80. Meanwhile, areas south of I-80 will see temperatures reach into the upper 80s and low 90s, with heat index values in the 90s to around 100. $$


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Welcome to the Master's Student Research Group website!
This site was designed by the members of the Master's Student Research Group (MSRG) to provide information for students enrolled in the Forensic Psychology master's program at John Jay College.
Contact Information
For information about John Jay College and the Forensic Psychology master's program, please visit the official College website at www.jjay.cuny.edu.
If you have any questions about MSRG or would like to discuss possible events, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
For more information on ...
Who MSRG is and how we can help you ---> click the About MSRG tab
Special events held by our graduate programs ---> click the Events tab.
Research opportunities at John Jay ---> click the Research tab.
Thesis guidelines, doctoral programs, and other student resources ---> click the Resources tab.
We hope to see you at the:
12th Annual Master's Student Research Conference
Friday May 20th, 2016
10:00 am to 5:30 pm
The Faculty Dining Hall on the 2nd Floor
All are invited to attend and view the research our MA students are conducting with the faculty!
We will be serving breakfast and lunch


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Wizards Point Guards, Meet Deron Williams
[Editor's Note: Rashad Mobley has reported on the Wizards with media credentials since the 2008-09 season for Hoops Addict. He occasionally contributes to Truth About It.net, providing excellent analysis and a different perspective from his up-close coverage of the team.]
I'll admit I was feeling pretty good about myself going into last night's Wizards/Jazz game. Prior to the game, Coach Flip Saunders mentioned that Shaun Livingston would get the starting nod over Randy Foye. After Friday night's loss to the Orlando Magic, I asked Flip about a Livingston over Foye situation, and said he didn't know–but he didn't say no, which to me was a strong indication a change was going to be made. And eventually it was.
Based on my observations, Livingston got the Wizards into the offense earlier, he made more decisive passes, and when things broke down, he always seemed to make the right play to navigate his way out of trouble. Plus, Flip never missed a chance to praise Livingston's "basketball IQ", and since he is notoriously hard on point guards, it seemed like a good temporary fit. Livingston would start, Foye would channel his frustration over being benched, and regain that missing mojo, and Earl Boykins, being the veteran that he is, would be a threat to come in and drop 14 points in a minute and a half. Sounds like a plan right?
Uh no.
Clearly I did not look at the schedule closely enough, because if I had, I'd have noticed that All-Star Jazz point guard Deron Williams would be the first to test this new Wizards' rotation.
Williams' 207lbs are 30 more than Livingston's 185. His 18 points and 10 assists per game averages are much better than Foye's 10 points and three assists per game. And at 6'3″, Williams is nearly a foot taller than the 5'5″ Boykins. It looks like a mismatch on paper, and it was exactly that on the floor. The breakdown of last night's numbers say it all:
Deron Williams: 17 points, 6 rebounds, 11 assists and 1 turnover
Livingston/Foye/Boykins: 16 points, 4 rebounds, 6 assists and 4 turnovers
The final score: Utah 112, Washington 89. To make matters even worse, Williams amassed those numbers, despite sitting out the entire fourth quarter and watching his team sit on a 30 point lead.
In the first quarter, it seemed like Livingston was energized–at least on the defensive end of the floor. He blocked two of Williams' shots in a minute span, and though his shot was not falling, he still seemed to be running the offense efficiently. Unfortunately, that was the most life Livingston showed all night.
The beauty of his performance against the Magic on Saturday night, was the inside/outside game. He drove to the basket, he posted the smaller guards, and that gave him confidence to hit the open shots. And when those shots were taken away, he found the open man, and that made his job as a point guard extremely easy. Last night, he could not post Williams, he couldn't blow by him, and his shot was off. And to make matters worse, he had zero assists. Once Flip said of JaVale McGee, "If your starting center gets no defensive rebounds, you're not going to win games in this league." You'd best believe he feels the same about point guards and assists.
Foye entered the game at the 4:37 mark in the first quarter, and like Livingston before him, also started strong with three assists and five points, which included a three-pointer to give the Wizards the lead as the quarter expired. Sure he had trouble staying in front of Williams and he turned the ball over, picking up a quick foul, but it seemed like a little confidence was coming back. The rest of the game, Foye only scored three points, dished out just two assists, and he was relegated to garbage time in the fourth quarter.
The great part about Boykins is that you know right away whether he has his shot with him. If he does, he puts pressure on the defense all game long. If not, Flip sits him right down on the bench. Last night, Boykins did not have his shot, and he played only eight minutes after shooting 1-for-5 from the field. He had the pleasure of trying to bring the ball up against Jazz guard, and former D-leaguer Sundiata Gaines, who completely nullified Boykins quickness advantage. Needless to say, Boykins, who did not play at all against the Magic, was a non-factor against the Jazz.
As for Deron Williams, he was simply masterful. He constantly put pressure on the Wizards' guard by getting deep in the lane, and despite two early blocks from Livingston, he never stopped. He either kicked the ball out to teammates, scored it himself or drew a foul. At one point, Williams came down the floor towards Randy Foye, faked right, crossed over left, then went behind his back and drew the foul. Even Washington Post beat writer Michael Lee was impressed.
So despite the thorough thrashing that the Wizards point guards endured at the hands of Deron Williams, it was still only one game–one game that was played in Utah, which is one of THE toughest places to play in the NBA. Tonight, is an entirely different story. They go to the high altitude of Denver to play the Nuggets, where another All-Star, Mr Chauncey "Big Shot" Billups awaits.
Good luck fellas.
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|More than 230,000 kids are having a ball this year in the Timbits Soccer Program Jun 15 2016
|More than 230,000 kids are having a ball this year in the Timbits Soccer Program Jun 15 2016
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His jump is so bad you actually save time and health just sprinting across the spikes.Story: It's tempting to write off DYNOWARZ's plot as being "for kids," but you really have to appreciate that it manages to be juvenile on a Wagnerian scale. A whole such as DYNOWARZ cannot be appreciated as merely the sum of its parts! Let's break it down into key components:
Got those written down? Now you can come up with the mathematical equation for the most conceivably There is certainly no shortage of robot dinosaurs, here!immature plot in the history of the universe! I like it though, because it's the innocent kind of endearing immaturity little kids like, at least for the most part. Gonna have to concede that "Spondylos" sounds like something that kid from high school would shriek in the hallways between classes to show off how "zany" and "random" s/he was. That kid was me, incidentally. I'm sorry about it, but are you really surprised? I review 20-year-old video games on the Internet.
Gameplay: The inevitable portions wherein you play as a dinky human suck, mainly because your spaceman jumps like a bullfrog with a cinder block nailed to its tongue. However, once I got into my KILLER ROBOT SPACE DINOSAUR, I was stunned to discover that, for all of its flaws, DYNOWARZ is not that terrible of a game. It consists primarily of moving right and exploding the fuck out of any other sprite I happen to see which also has fuck-exploding powers, which of course is not a terribly original concept. But hey, at least they don't butcher it, which is more than I can say for most of this shit. Plus, its collect-and-power-up system of weapons manages to be blithely amusing, though nothing to interrupt your D & D session for.
Honestly, I couldn't hate DYNOWARZ for the same reason I can't hate Harry Potter: they may be almost completely void of originality, but they're excellent at being mindless, inoffensive sources of entertainment. Sure, I didn't experience any personal growth when I was done with either, but at least I don't have the urge to let a dog fuck my newborn half-vampire honeymoon baby.
Graphics: I'm handing out my approval, even though I've only prepared to analyze 8-bit depictions of KILLERAlso no shortage of art! ROBOT SPACE DINOSAURS in my wildest fantasies. Admittedly, the backgrounds aren't exactly anything to write home about, but if you're the kind of 6-year-old boy that this game was aimed at, you've got too many Pop Rocks in your blood stream to be literate anyway. Obviously, this kid is not going to ask himself about the god-forsaken backgrounds. He is going to ask himself, "Are these KILLER ROBOT SPACE DINOSAURS?" and "Are these KILLER ROBOT SPACE DINOSAURS blowing everything on-screen into a completely different realm of being?" DYNOWARZ satisfies these strict criteria admirably, and does so with sprites that are even kind of good for 1989. I bet you could even print up some spectacularly ironic t-shirts featuring them!
Difficulty: If you are looking for an X-TREME gaming experience, you're better off sticking with a magical loli shoot-em-up or whatever the hell the hardcore kids play these days. But after playing through twelve billion games starring ninjas / werewolves / secret agents / cavemen / the human lung, it's refreshing to see a game for children that isn't either inexplicably impossible or "go right for sixty-seven screens."
Though the level of strategy involved in choosing your weapons is generally pretty inconsequential, it's just enough to fool a little kid into thinking that his brain cells are good enough to process something other than DO NOT POOP ON UPHOLSTERY. Even though games were aimed almost exclusively at kids back then, it's rare that I play a quasi-decent one that is also at the level that, say, a small child could figure out. So I'd go ahead and give a little kid DYNOWARZ to play with, unless I wanted to instill within him an early appreciation for profanity, in Or BLATANT UNTRUTHS! which case Megaman 3 all the way.
Fun: I liked DYNOWARZ with only a dash of buck-toothed irony, and I almost wish more games were like it. Modern games are too often a confused clusterfuck, struggling to convince people that they're a "grown-up" form of entertainment without alienating the key Lonely Virgin demographic. So for everything genuinely clever that you see in game, there are six hours of lovingly detailed spewing entrails and panty shots. It was nice to see that, in days of yore, inanely immature concepts were inflicted specifically onto children, who at least have a conceivable excuse.
Defining moment: DYNOWARZ isn't without its annoyances. The human's leap had spunk, but the mech's jump is about as aerodynamic as you'd expect from a 20-ton hunk of scrap metal. It's tricky to leap over gaps at all, but the game-designers decided to position mines on the edge that will blast you right back into the hole. You really don't have a lot of room for error, here. Infinite continues came in handy, but just as I thought I was beginning to get the hang of how to jump properly (no), the mine disappeared when the level loaded. That's right: the AI not only automatically adjusts, but comes equipped with exasperation, finally ceding that "fuck it, you're dumb." I wish you could get that kind of guidance in prescription medication.
Each category in the rating system is based out of a possible -10 score (-10 being the worst). The overall score is based out of a possible -50 score (-50 being the worst).
TOTAL WRECK - crazy-eyed hound is covered in cobwebs, has a vespiary on back, graffiti on side and savage thirst for boat fuel. Frankly, I'm in over my head. He's in room 115 at Motel 6, yours free. 555-2851
Yes, it's the perfect form for surviving a car crash. But it's also the perfect form for so much more, like surviving the trauma of reading any news headline in 2016.
Thirty games and a novel piece of hardware for sixty dollars? This is an insult to my honor.
Selling objects to the past, lighters, weed, etc. Pretty intriguing stuff.
Title of this one pretty much says it all. If it's what you're looking for, then uh, look no further
The Rom Pit is dedicated to reviewing the most bizarre and screwed up classic console games from the 1980's, the ones that made you wonder what kind of illegal substances the programmers were smoking when they worked on them. Strangely enough, the same illegal substances are often necessary to enjoy or make sense of most of these titles. No horrible Nintendo game is safe from the justice of the ROM Pit.
Copyright ©2016 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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Christmas carols, traditional favorites, and contemporary holiday pieces frequently play a substantial role in bringing the "Christmas spirit" to parties and various other holiday celebrations. Since there are hundreds of different holiday songs of many different genres, it could be quite expensive to gather a collection of holiday favorites for friends and family. Listening to Christmas music online is a free (and legal) alternative to purchasing a large number of CDs.
Online Radio Broadcasts
Many radio stations offer free Christmas music online, sometimes as a live broadcast, and others as a recording. Check to see if local radio stations in the area offer this service by logging onto their websites.
Free Online Music Sites
There are several websites that offer continuous, free music that can cater to the musical tastes of the listener. For example, pandora.com allows the user to create unique "stations" by specifying the artists, songs or genre(s) desired, then automatically matches these to songs that have similar characteristics, and adds them to the listener's stations. The listener is able to continuously modify the stations and add or remove songs at will.
Search Engines
If none of these options is appealing, there are many search engines, like Google, that can be used to find other music streaming websites, some of which may require installation of media players. If a particular type of holiday music is desired (Christmas Oldies, Traditional Christmas Carols), it will help your query to specify this in the search parameters.
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Marcus Leyba's mug shot speaks volumes about accused lethal child abuser
Marcus Leyba looks like a man with regrets -- lots of them.
If anything, that line about a picture being worth a thousand words understates the impact of the just-released photo here, which shows Lakewood's Marcus Leyba while being booked on Thanksgiving for child abuse resulting in death -- the child in question being his three-month old.
According to Lakewood Police Department spokesman Steve Davis, Leyba made his first court appearance yesterday; he adds that "the investigation is ongoing and will be presented to the DA's office sometime this week." Something staffers will no doubt consider: Leyba was busted two years ago on child cruelty charges. Picture that.
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text:
Young couple riding on carousel, man kissing woman's cheek
Credit: Art Vandalay
Creative #: 200159425-001
Licence type: Royalty-freeRoyalty-free pricing is based solely on the size of the product you need, not the specific use. You don't have to pay any additional royalties on a use-by-use basis. Once you license a royalty-free product, you may use it multiple times for multiple projects without paying additional fees. (Pornographic, defamatory, libellous or otherwise unlawful use of any image is, of course, prohibited.)
Collection: DigitalVision
Release info: Model and property released
- 20-24 Years,
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- Bonding,
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Similar imagesSearch ResultsSame series
Young Couple Riding On Carousel Man Kissing Womans Cheek Stock Photo20-24 Years,25-29 Years,Adults Only,Amusement Park,Arts Culture and Entertainment,Bonding,Boyfriend,Brown Hair,Carousel,Casual Clothing,Caucasian Appearance,Colour Image,Curly,Day,Enjoyment,Eyes Closed,Falling in Love,Front View,Fun,Girlfriend,Happiness,Heterosexual Couple,Kissing,Latin American and Hispanic,Leisure Activity,Long Hair,Love,Marquee,Mixed Race Person,Multiracial Group,Outdoors,Part of a Series,Photography,Pole,Romance,Sitting,Striped,Togetherness,Toothy Smile,Two People,Vertical,Waist Up,Young Couple,Young Men,Young WomenPhotographer Art VandalayCollection: DigitalVision


text:
Memrose Theatre
Colley Avenue and Raleigh Avenue,
2 people favorited this theater
Showing 7 comments
The Melrose was located on Colley Avenue, in the middle of the block between Raleigh and Red Gate Avenue.
I grew up right down the street from the Memrose, on Raleigh Avenue. I think that's where my Mom took me to "see" my first movie — Captain From Castile — when I was six months old. When I was old enough to go on my own, my mother would give me 50 cents — which was enough to pay for the ticket, a box of popcorn and a soda. Those were the days!
I also remember The Memrose only showing Disney Movies. Bambi broke my heart. If I remember correctly there was a drugstore across the street (Colley Ave) and you could see Norfolk General Hospital. Was there also a 'Highs'?
wsasser, thanks so much for the photo!
Chuck, thanks for finding the address.
That must be Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, that would put tne Memrose more or less between Raleigh Avenue and Fairfax Avenue on Colley Avenue. Alas, in those days, I think Colley Avenue was straight. I think, when it was widened a big curve was put in it, so I think the old Colley Avenue is now called Childrens Lane? Anyone else know anything about this or the Memrose? From what I can remember, I would guess it was BUILT in the 1930's and was sorta ART DECO.
LEVINE THEATRICAL ENTERPRISES, a very classy act, was the chain for this theatre.


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Alright, since C_M says that he's still doing Kyurem-B, I'll let him do the rest for now. Meanwhile, I've written up the Mixed Hone Claws set. When he finishes, we can merge this set and his analysis. http://www.smogon.com/bw/pokemon/kyurem-b [SET] name: Hone Claws (Sparkling Blue Black Kyurem) move 1: Hone Claws move 2: Outrage move 3: Fusion Bolt move 4: Blizzard item: Life Orb nature: Lonely / Hasty evs: 252 Atk / 4 SpA / 252 Spe [SET COMMENTS]
This set may seem gimmicky at first, but Kyurem-B's sky-high Attack and Ice typing make it a very powerful wallbreaker in the Ubers metagame. After a boost from Hone Claws, Kyurem-B's Outrage destroys virtually everything, even resists. For example, even with Leech Seed and Protect, standard Ferrothorn will be hard-pressed to take repeated +1 Outrages from Kyurem-B, as it takes 57.67% - 67.90% from the move. Fusion Bolt has excellent coverage alongside Outrage, as it swats aside Skarmory and Lugia without much trouble. The last move is what really sets Kyurem-B apart from other Attack boosters such as Zekrom—STAB Blizzard easily OHKOs physical walls such as Groudon and Gliscor, Pokemon that plague many physical attackers. Although Blizzard's accuracy is subpar under normal conditions, a single Hone Claws accuracy boost raises it to a much more usable 93%.
 [ADDITIONAL COMMENTS]
Kyurem-B has a couple of other options. Roost is an option to keep Kyurem-B relatively healthy, especially with all the residual damage that it tends to take. However, access to STAB Blizzard is generally what sets it apart from other boosting Dragon-types, such as Zekrom and Rayquaza. Ice Beam is another option if you find Blizzard too unreliable and find it hard to get a Hone Claws boost, but it fails to OHKO Groudon or do enough damage to Ground Arceus. The nature of choice can be important to Kyurem-B performance. A Lonely nature is preferred due to the power provided, which contributes to notable 2HKOes such as the one on Ferrothorn just noted. Since most of Kyurem-B's resistances are specially based attacking types, a Defense-lowering nature is preferable to one that lowers Special Defense.

Being a powerful wallbreaker, Kyurem-B appreciates two types of teammates: sweepers that can take advantage of damaged walls and Pokemon that can help Kyurem-B overcome its weaknesses. Kingdra is a very notable sweeper that appreciates Ferrothorn being severely weakened, as well as Groudon being removed. Other sweepers such as Excadrill, Double Dance Groudon, Dragon Dance Rayquaza, Terrakion, ExtremeKiller Arceus, and many others all appreciate physical walls such as Groudon, Gliscor, and Lugia lured out and destroyed.

Being an Ice-type, Kyurem-B is unfortunately weak to Stealth Rock, and has nothing to save it from Spikes. Naturally, this means that Rapid Spin users are ideal teammates for Kyurem-B. Tentacruel is an excellent long-lasting Rapid Spin user in Ubers, and can switch into Fighting-type attacks aimed at Kyurem-B. Excadrill also works brilliantly in most weather conditions, and can switch into Kyurem-B's Rock- and Dragon-type weaknesses. Forretress resists Dragon-type attacks and can also set up its own entry hazards, making Kyurem-B much harder to wall. Kabutops is also an excellent offensive Rapid Spinner that can take advantage of Kyurem-B's wallbreaking ability.

Physically defensive Forretress with Gyro Ball is probably the best counter to Kyurem-B, with defensive Scizor, Steel Arceus, and fast Jirachi with Iron Head all being close behind. Fighting-types such as Terrakion and Fighting Arceus, as well as faster Dragon-types, such as Palkia, Latias, Latios, Garchomp, and Salamence can also revenge kill Kyurem-B with ease. If Lugia is using a lot of Speed EVs as well as Reflect, it can stall out Kyurem-B thanks to Roost's secondary effect. Incidentally, many of these counters to Kyurem-B are excellent teammates for it. The aforementioned bulky Steel-types can switch into Dragon-type attacks, while Lugia and Latias defeat most Fighting-types. Groudon and the Giratina formes are generally good physical walls to take on Terrakion. Paralysis support from Thunder Wave Grass Arceus, Kyogre, Groudon, and Darkrai will also go a long way to help Kyurem-B sweep, while using Wobbuffet to remove revenge killers is another good idea. Also, Lugia is generally entry hazard fodder for Pokemon such as Ferrothorn, Forretress, and Skarmory.


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Reynaldo Lopez went four innings, giving up three earned runs on four hits while striking out four and walking five, in the Nationals 5-3 loss to the Giants Saturday.
Collin Rea has left Saturday's game with an undisclosed injury.
Wade Davis is flying back to Kansas City to have an MRI on his elbow.
Brandon Crawford and Denard Span are both questionable for Sunday's game.
Bucks have officially signed draft picks Thon Maker and Malcolm Brogdon.
Adrian Peterson (hamstring) was limited at practice on Saturday.
Carlos Rodon (wrist) will start Sunday's game against the Twins.
Zack Greinke (oblique) will need to make one more rehab start before returning from the 15-day disabled list.
Braves have acquired Matt Kemp from the Padres for Hector Olivera.
C.J. Cron (hand) could start swinging by Tuesday and return in two weeks.


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This encyclopedia is described as a "truly comprehensive look at Christmas and all its customs" on its book jacket. It provides more than 1,000 entries on worldwide secular and religious Christmas practices expressed in song, literature, events, film, arts, and trivia and is aimed at young adult and adult readers as well as researchers. Entries are primarily descriptive, but a number of them, especially those on films, contain critical commentary.
The entries proceed from A to Z with a liberal number of black-and-white illustrations and 16 pages of color plates. An entry heading is in boldface if it is historical or factual; in italics if it is a book, film title, or foreign phrase; and in quotation marks if it is a song or short story title. Cross-references are in capital letters or given as a see item. Notable among the entries are Quotes about Christmas, which lists quotations related to the season; a chronology of December 25 events; discussions of films such as A Christmas Carol and It's a Wonderful Life; entries giving the histories as well as the words of individual songs and carols; and descriptions of practices like mumming.
A serious shortcoming is the lack of a detailed index, which would bring together the various songs, carols, films, etc., that are referred to within the various entries. Lack of a bibliography or list of sources is another weakness, as is the fact that the scope is not explained in the introduction. Some countries have been omitted, including much of Africa, India, Korea, and Turkey. Finally, the illustrations, though they are captioned, lack dates or sources. It is tedious to scroll through the Copyright Holder's page for this information.
On the positive side, the book is enticing reading with its many descriptions of exotic customs and its blend of the ancient and the modern. It is written well and concisely. Many of the older books on Christmas customs, now out of print or difficult to find, are admirably updated in this new volume, which can enrich high-school, college, and public library collections. RBB
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
"Meticulously researched, well-written, and often downright funny, this encyclopedia does justice to its fascinating subject."
–Publishers Weekly (starred review)
"Wholly delightful and generally informative."
–Calgary Herald
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Over Christmas, a family discussion of Christmas activities in cultures not familiar to my own resulted in a look at the appropriate item in the encyclopedia, followed by a virtual cornucopia of additional reading as everyone suggested inquiries and questions, all of which were referenced. Hats off to Dr. Bowler!
The negative side: The encyclopedia attempts to cram too many entries into too little space. The result is that many so-called "entries" are reduced to nothing more than brief definitions of terms, objects, or persons. Lyrics to copyrighted songs are absent. With a few exceptions, entries discussing popular media subjects provide scant information beyond the bare essentials of author/lyricist/composer, dates, places, director, or principal actors. Generally lacking are human-interest details or background notes (how or why the story, movie, or song came into existence), or detailed plot descriptions. The most serious deficiencies are the lack of an index and lack of a bibliography, two basic elements requisite in any reputable reference work.
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This book is terrible. The author is a so called Christmas expert but his work reflects someone who is uninformed and lazy. Read morePublished 7 months ago by Robert W. Grant Jr.
Every December 1st, Gerry Bowler's The World Encyclopedia of Christmas is placed on our coffee table in our family room. Read morePublished 9 months ago by Amazon Customer
great book on Christmas - lots of interesting informationPublished 10 months ago by richard simmons


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Vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease
O'Brien, John T
Markus, Hugh S
BMC Medicine
Vascular factors are now established risk factors for cognitive decline, both for dementia and its two main subtypes: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Their impact likely goes beyond causing an increase in concurrent vascular pathology, since they have been associated with increasing the risk of degenerative Alzheimer (plaque and tangle) pathology, either by increasing its rate of formation or reducing elimination from the brain, or a mixture of the two. A comprehensive series of reviews published in BMC Medicine, investigates the relationship between AD and cardiovascular diseases and risk factors from a clinical, pathological and therapeutic perspective. Whilst links between vascular factors and AD have clearly been demonstrated at both the clinical and pathological level, the nature of the relationship remains to be fully established and there is a lack of high quality treatment studies examining the extent to which vascular risk modification alters AD disease course. Further longitudinal mechanistic and therapeutic studies are required, especially to determine whether treatment of vascular risk can prevent or delay the onset of AD and/or reduce its rate of clinical progression.
Alzheimer's disease; Vascular risk; Stroke; Dementia; Risk factors; Prevention; Treatment; Hypertension
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[No title available]
Does reductio ad absurdum have a place in evidence-based medicine?
Naudet, Florian
Falissard, Bruno
BMC Medicine
In a meta-analysis published in BMC Medicine, we explored whether evidence-based medicine can actually be sure that 'sucrose = sucrose' in the treatment of depression. This paper, based upon a reductio ad absurdum, addressed an epistemological question using a 'scientific' approach, and could be disconcerting as suggested by Cipriani and Geddes' commentary. However, most papers are based upon a mixture of observations and discussions about sense and meaning. Ultimately, there is nothing more than a story, told with words or numbers. Randomised controlled trials provide information about average patients that do not exist. These results ignores an entire segment of therapeutics that plays a crucial role, namely care. This information is usually set out using a 'grammar' that is ambiguous, since statistical tests of hypothesis have raised epistemological questions that are not as yet solved. Moreover, many of these stories remain untold, and unpublished. For these reasons evidence-based medicine is a vehicle for many paradoxes and controversies. Reductio ad absurdum can be useful in precisely this case, to underline how and why the medical literature can sometimes give an impression of absurdity of this sort. Even if the data analysis in our paper was rather rhetorical, we agree that it should comply with the classic standards of reporting and we provide the important extra data that Cipriani and Geddes have requested.
Please see related articles: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/230 and http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/105.
Epistemology; Evidence-based medicine; Publication bias; Reductio ad absurdum; Statistics
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Do statins increase and Mediterranean diet decrease the risk of breast cancer?
de Lorgeril, Michel
Salen, Patricia
BMC Medicine
Physical exercise and healthy dietary habits are recommended to prevent breast cancer.
Increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids associated with decreased omega-6 - resulting in higher omega-3 to omega-6 ratio compared with Western-type diet - is inversely associated with breast cancer risk. The modernized Mediterranean diet with high omega-3 to omega-6 ratio, high fiber and polyphenol intake, and consumption of low-glycemic index foods reduces overall cancer risk and specifically breast cancer risk. It has been suggested that consuming no more than one alcoholic drink per day, preferably wine, is preferable. Eliminating environmental contaminants, including endocrine disruptors, and favoring organic foods to increase polyphenol intake and the omega-3 to omega-6 ratios were also shown to be beneficial. Cholesterol-lowering statins may decrease antitumor defenses; are toxic for the mitochondria; decrease the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio; increase body mass index, insulin resistance and diabetic risk; and have been associated with an increased breast cancer risk.
Therefore, as well as making lifestyle changes to decrease breast cancer risk, we argue that physicians should carefully consider (and often avoid) therapies that may increase breast cancer or diabetes risk in high-risk women and women who wish to decrease their breast cancer risk.
Cholesterol; Diabetes; Endocrine disruptors; Insulin resistance; Organic foods; Polyphenols; Statins
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Towards the clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics in bipolar disorder
Salloum, Naji C
McCarthy, Michael J
Leckband, Susan G
Kelsoe, John R
BMC Medicine
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric illness defined by pathological alterations between the mood states of mania and depression, causing disability, imposing healthcare costs and elevating the risk of suicide. Although effective treatments for BD exist, variability in outcomes leads to a large number of treatment failures, typically followed by a trial and error process of medication switches that can take years. Pharmacogenetic testing (PGT), by tailoring drug choice to an individual, may personalize and expedite treatment so as to identify more rapidly medications well suited to individual BD patients.
A number of associations have been made in BD between medication response phenotypes and specific genetic markers. However, to date clinical adoption of PGT has been limited, often citing questions that must be answered before it can be widely utilized. These include: What are the requirements of supporting evidence? How large is a clinically relevant effect? What degree of specificity and sensitivity are required? Does a given marker influence decision making and have clinical utility? In many cases, the answers to these questions remain unknown, and ultimately, the question of whether PGT is valid and useful must be determined empirically. Towards this aim, we have reviewed the literature and selected drug-genotype associations with the strongest evidence for utility in BD.
Based upon these findings, we propose a preliminary panel for use in PGT, and a method by which the results of a PGT panel can be integrated for clinical interpretation. Finally, we argue that based on the sufficiency of accumulated evidence, PGT implementation studies are now warranted. We propose and discuss the design for a randomized clinical trial to test the use of PGT in the treatment of BD.
Bipolar Disorder; Pharmacogenomics; Lithium; Antidepressants; Antipsychotics
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Prevention of mental disorders: evidence, challenges and opportunities
Jacka, Felice N
Reavley, Nicola J
BMC Medicine
Modelling studies suggest that less than 30% of the burden of mental disorders can be averted, even with optimal care and access to services. This points to the need to reduce the incidence of mental disorders, utilising evidence-based prevention strategies and policy action. In this cross-journal article collection (http://www.biomedcentral.com/series/PMD), the case for prevention is made by identifying initiatives with established efficacy, as well as opportunities and targets for the prevention of mental disorders in early life, in the workplace and at the population level. These articles provide reviews, systematic and narrative, outlining the evidence base for prevention approaches, as well as comment and debate designed to prompt discussion and a reconsideration of strategies for prevention. Barriers to expanding the research into prevention include the reluctance of governments and funding bodies to invest in research and policy action that may take many years to manifest benefits. The case for the cost-effectiveness of preventing mental disorders needs to be strongly argued and new cross-disciplinary, intersectoral initiatives and policies developed for the prevention of mental disorders across the lifespan.
Prevention; depression; mental disorders; mental health; policy
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The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) as a model for diarrhea mortality reduction
Fischer Walker, Christa L
Walker, Neff
BMC Medicine
Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) is a model used to calculate deaths averted or lives saved by past interventions and for the purposes of program planning when costly and time consuming impact studies are not possible.
LiST models the relationship between coverage of interventions and outputs, such as stunting, diarrhea incidence and diarrhea mortality. Each intervention directly prevents a proportion of diarrhea deaths such that the effect size of the intervention is multiplied by coverage to calculate lives saved. That is, the maximum effect size could be achieved at 100% coverage, but at 50% coverage only 50% of possible deaths are prevented. Diarrhea mortality is one of the most complex causes of death to be modeled. The complexity is driven by the combination of direct prevention and treatment interventions as well as interventions that operate indirectly via the reduction in risk factors, such as stunting and wasting. Published evidence is used to quantify the effect sizes for each direct and indirect relationship. Several studies have compared measured changes in mortality to LiST estimates of mortality change looking at different sets of interventions in different countries. While comparison work has generally found good agreement between the LiST estimates and measured mortality reduction, where data availability is weak, the model is less likely to produce accurate results. LiST can be used as a component of program evaluation, but should be coupled with more complete information on inputs, processes and outputs, not just outcomes and impact.
LiST is an effective tool for modeling diarrhea mortality and can be a useful alternative to large and expensive mortality impact studies. Predicting the impact of interventions or comparing the impact of more than one intervention without having to wait for the results of large and expensive mortality studies is critical to keep programs focused and results oriented for continued reductions in diarrhea and all-cause mortality among children under five years of age.
Diarrhea; Modeling; Enteric diseases; Child health; Maternal health
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The intergenerational effects of war on the health of children
Devakumar, Delan
Birch, Marion
Osrin, David
Sondorp, Egbert
Wells, Jonathan CK
BMC Medicine
The short- and medium-term effects of conflict on population health are reasonably well documented. Less considered are its consequences across generations and potential harms to the health of children yet to be born.
Looking first at the nature and effects of exposures during conflict, and then at the potential routes through which harm may propagate within families, we consider the intergenerational effects of four features of conflict: violence, challenges to mental health, infection and malnutrition. Conflict-driven harms are transmitted through a complex permissive environment that includes biological, cultural and economic factors, and feedback loops between sources of harm and weaknesses in individual and societal resilience to them. We discuss the multiplicative effects of ongoing conflict when hostilities are prolonged.
We summarize many instances in which the effects of war can propagate across generations. We hope that the evidence laid out in the article will stimulate research and – more importantly – contribute to the discussion of the costs of war; particularly in the longer-term in post-conflict situations in which interventions need to be sustained and adapted over many years.
War; Conflict; Developmental origins; Children; Mental health
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Open questions in autoimmunity: discussions from the 2013 Controversies in Rheumatology and Autoimmunity Meeting
Selmi, Carlo
Shoenfeld, Yehuda
BMC Medicine
The recent CORA (Controversies in Rheumatology and Autoimmunity) meeting held in 2013 represented a unique opportunity for rheumatologists to address several topics. Among these, four topics include: (i) the role of epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as shown by studies in monozygotic twins; (ii) the cardiovascular and atherosclerotic risk in patients with RA treated with biologics; (iii) the use of new biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of RA and other autoimmune diseases, as represented by the new automatic machines for anti-nuclear antibodies detection, or ultrasound imaging to follow RA progression; and (iv) the latest guidelines on how to use and manage biologic therapies in RA and other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus. In summary, we will herein present these topics of discussion and underline the conclusions obtained by rheumatologists during the 2013 CORA Meeting.
Anti-nuclear antibodies; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular system; DNA methylation; microRNA; Rheumatoid arthritis; Ultrasonography
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Comment: Head and Neck Oncology
BMC Medicine
This comment relates to articles published in archived content of the journal Head and Neck Oncology and is not related to the content of BMC Medicine in any way.
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Reliable direct measurement of causes of death in low- and middle-income countries
Jha, Prabhat
BMC Medicine
Most of the 48 million annual deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) occur without medical attention at the time of death so that the causes of death (COD) are largely unknown. A review of low-cost methods of obtaining nationally representative COD data is timely.
Despite clear historic evidence of their usefulness, most LMICs lack reliable nationally representative COD data. Indirect methods to estimate COD for most countries are inadequate, mainly because they currently rely on an average ratio of 1 nationally representative COD to every 850 estimated deaths in order to measure the cause of 25 million deaths across 110 LMICs. Direct measurement of COD is far more reliable and relevant for country priorities. Five feasible methods to expand COD data are: sample registration systems (which form the basis for the ongoing Million Death Study in India; MDS); strengthening the INDEPTH network of 42 demographic surveillance sites; adding retrospective COD surveys to the demographic household and health surveys in 90 countries; post-census retrospective mortality surveys; and for smaller countries, systematic assembly of health records. Lessons learned from the MDS, especially on low-cost, high-quality methods of verbal autopsy, paired with emerging use of electronic data capture and other innovations, can make COD systems low-cost and relevant for a wide range of childhood and adult conditions.
Low-cost systems to obtain and report CODs are possible. If implemented widely, COD systems could identify disease control priorities, help detect emerging epidemics, enable evaluation of disease control programs, advance indirect methods, and improve the accountability for expenditures of disease control programs.
Causes of death; Cause of death statistics; Mortality; Vital statistics; Verbal autopsy; Sample registration system
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Integrated care as a means to improve primary care delivery for adults and adolescents in the developing world: a critical analysis of Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness (IMAI)
Vasan, Ashwin
Ellner, Andrew
Lawn, Stephen D
Gove, Sandy
Anatole, Manzi
Gupta, Neil
Drobac, Peter
Nicholson, Tom
Seung, Kwonjune
Mabey, David C
Farmer, Paul E
BMC Medicine
More than three decades after the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata enshrined the goal of 'health for all', high-quality primary care services remain undelivered to the great majority of the world's poor. This failure to effectively reach the most vulnerable populations has been, in part, a failure to develop and implement appropriate and effective primary care delivery models. This paper examines a root cause of these failures, namely that the inability to achieve clear and practical consensus around the scope and aims of primary care may be contributing to ongoing operational inertia. The present work also examines integrated models of care as a strategy to move beyond conceptual dissonance in primary care and toward implementation. Finally, this paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of a particular model, the World Health Organization's Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness (IMAI), and its potential as a guidepost toward improving the quality of primary care delivery in poor settings.
Integration and integrated care may be an important approach in establishing a new paradigm of primary care delivery, though overall, current evidence is mixed. However, a number of successful specific examples illustrate the potential for clinical and service integration to positively impact patient care in primary care settings. One example deserving of further examination is the IMAI, developed by the World Health Organization as an operational model that integrates discrete vertical interventions into a comprehensive delivery system encompassing triage and screening, basic acute and chronic disease care, basic prevention and treatment services, and follow-up and referral guidelines. IMAI is an integrated model delivered at a single point-of-care using a standard approach to each patient based on the universal patient history and physical examination. The evidence base on IMAI is currently weak, but whether or not IMAI itself ultimately proves useful in advancing primary care delivery, it is these principles that should serve as the basis for developing a standard of integrated primary care delivery for adults and adolescents that can serve as the foundation for ongoing quality improvement.
As integrated primary care is the standard of care in the developed world, so too must we move toward implementing integrated models of primary care delivery in poorer settings. Models such as IMAI are an important first step in this evolution. A robust and sustained commitment to innovation, research and quality improvement will be required if integrated primary care delivery is to become a reality in developing world.
Primary care; Integrated management; Integration; Quality improvement; Health care delivery; Health systems; IMAI
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BMC Medicine: a decade of open access medical research
Alam, Sabina
Patel, Jigisha
BMC Medicine
On 24 November 2003, BMC Medicine published its first article. Ten years and over 900 articles later we look back at some of the most notable milestones for the journal and discuss advances and innovations in medicine over the last decade. Our editorial board members, Leslie Biesecker, Thomas Powles, Chris Del Mar, Robert Snow and David Moher, also comment on the changes they expect to see in their fields over the coming years.
Open access; Translational medicine; Clinical oncology; Evidence-based medicine; Reporting guidelines
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Is there a link between the extracranial venous system and central nervous system pathology?
Zivadinov, Robert
BMC Medicine
The extracranial venous system is complex and variable between individuals. Until recently, these variations were acknowledged as developmental variants and were not considered pathological findings. However, in the last decade, the presence and severity of uni- or bi-lateral jugular venous reflux (JVR) was linked to several central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as transient global amnesia, transient monocular blindness, cough headache, primary exertional headache and, most recently, to Alzheimer's disease. The most recent introduction of a composite criteria-based vascular condition named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), which was originally linked to multiple sclerosis, increased the interest in better understanding the role of the extracranial venous system in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders. The ultimate cause-consequence relationship between these conditions and CNS disorders has not been firmly established and further research is needed. The purpose of this article collection in BMC Medicine and BMC Neurology is to synthesize current concepts and most recent findings concerning the evaluation, etiology, pathophysiology and clinical relevance of the potential involvement of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of multiple CNS disorders and in aging.
Please see related debate: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/260.
Extracranial venous system; Jugular venous reflux; Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency; CNS pathology; Aging
Related Articles
Allergen immunotherapy and allergic rhinitis: false beliefs
Calderón, Moisés A
Frankland, A William
Demoly, Pascal
BMC Medicine
Over the last 100 years, several persistent misconceptions or 'false beliefs' have built up around allergen immunotherapy and its use in allergic rhinitis. This is perhaps because enthusiastic physicians administered complex allergen extracts to a diverse population of patients suffering from heterogeneous atopic conditions. Here, we review evidence that counters seven of these 'false beliefs.'
1. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be more heterogeneous, more severe and more troublesome in everyday life than many physicians believe. Large-scale epidemiological surveys show that the majority of allergic rhinitis patients have at least one symptom severe enough to interfere with sleep quality, productivity and/or well-being. 2. Allergen immunotherapy is not necessarily suitable for all allergic rhinitis patients (notably those with mild symptoms). Recent evidence from double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials suggests that the more severe the disease, the greater the treatment effect. 3. Allergen immunotherapy is often accused of lack of efficacy (relative to pharmacotherapy, for example). However, there are now many meta-analyses, systematic reviews and high-quality clinical trials that find overwhelmingly in favor of the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (including sublingual formulations) in allergic rhinitis induced by pollen and, increasingly, other allergens. 4. Natural-exposure and challenge-chamber trials have shown that symptom relief may become apparent within months or even weeks of the initiation of allergen immunotherapy. 5. In pollen-induced allergic rhinitis, several years of subcutaneous or sublingual allergen immunotherapy are associated with sustained clinical efficacy after subsequent treatment cessation – confirming the disease-modifying nature of this therapy. 6. Most patients seeking treatment for allergic rhinitis are polysensitized, and allergen immunotherapy has proven efficacy in large, robust clinical trials in these groups. Polysensitization is not a contraindication to allergen immunotherapy. 7. Sublingual allergen immunotherapy is safe for home administration. A recent review calculated that 1 billion doses were administered worldwide between 2000 and 2010 and found that the 11 case reports of anaphylaxis (all non-fatal) corresponded to non-standard practice.
Modern, evidence-based medicine has generated more than enough robust evidence to remove misconceptions about allergen immunotherapy and allergic rhinitis.
Allergen; Immunotherapy; Specific; Sublingual; Subcutaneous; Desensitization; Vaccination
Related Articles
What if HIV were unable to develop resistance against a new therapeutic agent?
Wainberg, Mark A
Mesplède, Thibault
Raffi, Francois
BMC Medicine
The HIV integrase inhibitor, Dolutegravir (DTG), was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and is the only HIV drug that has not selected for resistance mutations in the clinic when used as part of first-line therapy. This has led to speculation that DTG might have a higher genetic barrier for the development of drug resistance than the other compounds that are used in therapy.
In this Opinion article, we speculate that this is due to greatly diminished replication capacity on the part of viruses that might become resistant to DTG when the drug is used in initial therapy and that DTG might be able to be used in HIV prevention and eradication strategies. We also note that no compensatory mutation that might restore viral replication fitness to HIV in the aftermath of the appearance of a single drug resistance mutation has yet to be observed.
DTG is a valuable addition to the anti-HIV armamentarium of drugs and its long-term utility may potentially exceed its obvious use in treatment of HIV disease.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1; Integrase inhibitors; Antiretroviral therapy; Dolutegravir; HIV prevention strategies; Viral fitness; Drug resistance
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Cognitive health begins at conception: addressing dementia as a lifelong and preventable condition
Barnett, Jennifer H
Hachinski, Vladimir
Blackwell, Andrew D
BMC Medicine
Dementia is a major public health problem that poses an increasing burden on the health and wealth of societies worldwide. Because the efficacy of current treatments is limited, increasing efforts are required to prevent the diseases that cause dementia.
We consider the evidence that lifelong prevention strategies may be an effective way to tackle the national burden of dementia in the absence of a cure. The links between lifestyle and cardiovascular disease are widely understood and accepted, but health professionals and patients remain unconvinced about the extent to which risk for dementia can be modified. However, there is strong evidence that at least half of risk for dementia is attributable to lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise and smoking. Moreover, the disease processes that result in dementia develop over several decades, implying that attempts to ameliorate them need to start early in life. Some modifiable risk factors for dementia act from the earliest stages of life, including in utero.
Rebalancing efforts from the development of treatments to increased emphasis on prevention may be an alternative means to reducing the impact of dementia on society.
Dementia; Alzheimer's disease; Prevention; Epidemiology
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The link between chronic periodontitis and COPD: a common role for the neutrophil?
Usher, Adam KH
Stockley, Robert A
BMC Medicine
The possible relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases and their co-morbidities has become an increasing focus of research. Both chronic periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are neutrophilic, inflammatory conditions characterized by the loss of local connective tissue. Evidence suggests an association and perhaps a causal link between the two diseases. However, the nature of any relationship between them is unclear, but if pathophysiologically established may have wide-reaching implications for targeted treatments to improve outcomes and prognosis.
There have been a number of epidemiological studies undertaken demonstrating an independent association between chronic periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, many of them have significant limitations, and drawing firm conclusions regarding causality may be premature. Although the pathology of both these diseases is complex and involves many cell types, such as CD8 positive cells and macrophages, both conditions are predominantly characterized by neutrophilic inflammation. Increasingly, there is evidence that the two conditions are underpinned by similar pathophysiological processes, especially centered on the functions of the neutrophil. These include a disturbance in protease/anti-protease and redox state balance. The association demonstrated by epidemiological studies, as well as emerging similarities in pathogenesis at the level of the neutrophil, suggest a basis for testing the effects of treatment for one condition upon the severity of the other.
Although the evidence of an independent association between chronic periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease grows stronger, there remains a lack of definitive studies designed to establish causality and treatment effects. There is a need for future research to be focused on answering these questions.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Emphysema; Neutrophil; Neutrophil extracellular trap; Oxidative stress; Periodontal diseases; Protease/proteinase
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Improving global health governance to combat counterfeit medicines: a proposal for a UNODC-WHO-Interpol trilateral mechanism
Mackey, Tim K
Liang, Bryan A
BMC Medicine
Perhaps no greater challenge exists for public health, patient safety, and shared global health security, than fake/falsified/fraudulent, poor quality unregulated drugs, also commonly known as "counterfeit medicines", now endemic in the global drug supply chain. Counterfeit medicines are prevalent everywhere, from traditional healthcare settings to unregulated sectors, including the Internet. These dangerous medicines are expanding in both therapeutic and geographic scope, threatening patient lives, leading to antimicrobial resistance, and profiting criminal actors.
Despite clear global public health threats, surveillance for counterfeit medicines remains extremely limited, with available data pointing to an increasing global criminal trade that has yet to be addressed appropriately. Efforts by a variety of public and private sector entities, national governments, and international organizations have made inroads in combating this illicit trade, but are stymied by ineffectual governance and divergent interests. Specifically, recent efforts by the World Health Organization, the primary international public health agency, have failed to adequately incorporate the broad array of stakeholders necessary to combat the problem. This has left the task of combating counterfeit medicines to other organizations such as UN Office of Drugs and Crime and Interpol in order to fill this policy gap.
To address the current failure of the international community to mobilize against the worldwide counterfeit medicines threat, we recommend the establishment of an enhanced global health governance trilateral mechanism between WHO, UNODC, and Interpol to leverage the respective strengths and resources of these organizations. This would allow these critical organizations, already engaged in the fight against counterfeit medicines, to focus on and coordinate their respective domains of transnational crime prevention, public health, and law enforcement field operations. Specifically, by forming a global partnership that focuses on combating the transnational criminal and patient safety elements of this pre-eminent global health problem, there can be progress against counterfeit drugs and their purveyors.
Counterfeit medicines; Global health governance; Global health policy; Drug supply chain; Falsified medicines; Fraudulent medicines; Substandard medicines
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Implications of the licensure of a partially efficacious malaria vaccine on evaluating second-generation vaccines
Fowkes, Freya JI
Simpson, Julie A
Beeson, James G
BMC Medicine
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with approximately 225 million clinical episodes and >1.2 million deaths annually attributed to malaria. Development of a highly efficacious malaria vaccine will offer unparalleled possibilities for disease prevention and remains a key priority for long-term malaria control and elimination.
The Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap's goal is to 'develop and license a first-generation malaria vaccine that has protective efficacy of more than 50%'. To date, malaria vaccine candidates have only been shown to be partially efficacious (approximately 30% to 60%). However, licensure of a partially effective vaccine will create a number of challenges for the development and progression of new, potentially more efficacious, malaria vaccines in the future. In this opinion piece we discuss the methodological, logistical and ethical issues that may impact on the feasibility and implementation of superiority, non-inferiority and equivalence trials to assess second generation malaria vaccines in the advent of the licensure of a partially efficacious malaria vaccine.
Selecting which new malaria vaccines go forward, and defining appropriate methodology for assessment in logistically challenging clinical trials, is crucial. It is imperative that the scientific community considers all the issues and starts planning how second-generation malaria vaccines will advance in the advent of licensure of a partially effective vaccine.
Malaria; Vaccine; Clinical trials
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalomyelitis disseminata/multiple sclerosis show remarkable levels of similarity in phenomenology and neuroimmune characteristics
Morris, Gerwyn
Maes, Michael
BMC Medicine
'Encephalomyelitis disseminata' (multiple sclerosis) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are both classified as diseases of the central nervous system by the World Health Organization. This review aims to compare the phenomenological and neuroimmune characteristics of MS with those of ME/CFS.
There are remarkable phenomenological and neuroimmune overlaps between both disorders. Patients with ME/CFS and MS both experience severe levels of disabling fatigue and a worsening of symptoms following exercise and resort to energy conservation strategies in an attempt to meet the energy demands of day-to-day living. Debilitating autonomic symptoms, diminished cardiac responses to exercise, orthostatic intolerance and postural hypotension are experienced by patients with both illnesses. Both disorders show a relapsing-remitting or progressive course, while infections and psychosocial stress play a large part in worsening of fatigue symptoms. Activated immunoinflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative (O+NS) pathways and autoimmunity occur in both illnesses. The consequences of O+NS damage to self-epitopes is evidenced by the almost bewildering and almost identical array of autoantibodies formed against damaged epitopes seen in both illnesses. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, including lowered levels of ATP, decreased phosphocreatine synthesis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation, are heavily involved in the pathophysiology of both MS and ME/CFS. The findings produced by neuroimaging techniques are quite similar in both illnesses and show decreased cerebral blood flow, atrophy, gray matter reduction, white matter hyperintensities, increased cerebral lactate and choline signaling and lowered acetyl-aspartate levels.
This review shows that there are neuroimmune similarities between MS and ME/CFS. This further substantiates the view that ME/CFS is a neuroimmune illness and that patients with MS are immunologically primed to develop symptoms of ME/CFS.
Encephalomyelitis disseminata; Myalgic encephalomyelitis; Chronic fatigue syndrome; Inflammation; Autoimmunity; Oxidative and nitrosative stress; Mitochondria
Related Articles
So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?
Berk, Michael
Williams, Lana J
Jacka, Felice N
O'Neil, Adrienne
Pasco, Julie A
Moylan, Steven
Allen, Nicholas B
Stuart, Amanda L
Hayley, Amie C
Byrne, Michelle L
Maes, Michael
BMC Medicine
We now know that depression is associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory response and activation of cell-mediated immunity, as well as activation of the compensatory anti-inflammatory reflex system. It is similarly accompanied by increased oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), which contribute to neuroprogression in the disorder. The obvious question this poses is 'what is the source of this chronic low-grade inflammation?'
This review explores the role of inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress as possible mediators of known environmental risk factors in depression, and discusses potential implications of these findings. A range of factors appear to increase the risk for the development of depression, and seem to be associated with systemic inflammation; these include psychosocial stressors, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, altered gut permeability, atopy, dental cares, sleep and vitamin D deficiency.
The identification of known sources of inflammation provides support for inflammation as a mediating pathway to both risk and neuroprogression in depression. Critically, most of these factors are plastic, and potentially amenable to therapeutic and preventative interventions. Most, but not all, of the above mentioned sources of inflammation may play a role in other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Depression; Inflammation; Cytokines; Diet; Obesity; Exercise; Smoking; Vitamin D; Dental cares; Sleep; Atopic; Gut; Oxidative stress
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The Hyperferritinemic Syndrome: macrophage activation syndrome, Still's disease, septic shock and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Rosário, Cristina
Zandman-Goddard, Gisele
Meyron-Holtz, Esther G
D'Cruz, David P
Shoenfeld, Yehuda
BMC Medicine
Over the last few years, accumulating data have implicated a role for ferritin as a signaling molecule and direct mediator of the immune system. Hyperferritinemia is associated with a multitude of clinical conditions and with worse prognosis in critically ill patients.
There are four uncommon medical conditions characterized by high levels of ferritin, namely the macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult onset Still's disease (AOSD), catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (cAPS) and septic shock, that share a similar clinical and laboratory features, and also respond to similar treatments, suggesting a common pathogenic mechanism. Ferritin is known to be a pro-inflammatory mediator inducing expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, yet it has opposing actions as a pro-inflammatory and as an immunosuppressant. We propose that the exceptionally high ferritin levels observed in these uncommon clinical conditions are not just the product of the inflammation but rather may contribute to the development of a cytokine storm.
Here we review and compare four clinical conditions and the role of ferritin as an immunomodulator. We would like to propose including these four conditions under a common syndrome entity termed "Hyperferritinemic Syndrome".
Hyperferritinemia; Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS); Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD); Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (cAPS); Septic shock
Related Articles
Personalizing guidelines for diabetes management: twilight or dawn of the expert?
Paschou, Stavroula A
Leslie, Richard David
BMC Medicine
This opinion article on the management of type 2 diabetes considers the old and new format of guidelines and critical changes in the character of such guidelines. We highlight limitations of the guidelines and make recommendations for how treatment can be more personalised.
Published guidelines for the management of adult-onset non-insulin requiring diabetes have adopted a formulaic approach to patient management that can be overseen centrally and delivered by personnel with limited training. Recently, guidelines have taken a patient-centered, multiple risk-factor approach. Importantly, local funding issues are considered, but drive the final action and not the decision-making process. The nature of the disease can be determined by laboratory tests, including screening for diabetes-associated autoantibodies. The strategy remains step-up, with intensification of drug or insulin dose. As with past guidelines, there is an assumption that in each patient with type 2 diabetes, metformin is used initially, but targets and therapies then veer in different directions to create a matrix of options based on the features and responses of each individual. Factors to consider include: (A)ge, (B)ody weight, (C)omplications and co-morbidities, Diabetes (D)uration and (E)xpense, but also patient preference and patient response.
Guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes have important limitations and a patient-centered, multiple target, multiple therapy approach is proposed.
Type 2 diabetes; Guidelines; Personalised treatment; Diabetes management; Patient-centered therapy
Related Articles
The DSM-5: Hyperbole, Hope or Hypothesis?
Berk, Michael
BMC Medicine
The furore preceding the release of the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is in contrast to the incremental changes to several diagnostic categories, which are derived from new research since its predecessor's birth in 1990. While many of these changes are indeed controversial, they do reflect the intrinsic ambiguity of the extant literature. Additionally, this may be a mirror of the frustration of the field's limited progress, especially given the false hopes at the dawn of the "decade of the brain". In the absence of a coherent pathophysiology, the DSM remains no more than a set of consensus based operationalized adjectives, albeit with some degree of reliability. It does not cleave nature at its joints, nor does it aim to, but neither does alternate systems. The largest problem with the DSM system is how it's used; sometimes too loosely by clinicians, and too rigidly by regulators, insurers, lawyers and at times researchers, who afford it reference and deference disproportionate to its overt acknowledged limitations.
DSM-V; Diagnosis; Pathophysiology; DSM-V; Symptoms; Classification
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#90squotes was trending on Twitter last week and I wanted to save this post for my Throwback Thursday post this week. I loved reading through peoples tweets and thinking, "ohhh yaa, I remember that!" or "I remember those days!"
I kept scrolling through @The90sLife timeline, they have some of the best 90's tweets on Twitter.
These tweets took me back and I still say some of these, lol. I posted some of my favorites below. Ohhh the days of being a kid...
Are you a 90's baby or did you grow up in the 90's? Do you remember where some of these quotes came from? Share your thoughts below!


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COLLEGE STATION -- The Elite Eight Texas A&M soccer team plays host to Big 12 Regular Season Champion Oklahoma State on Friday night at 8 p.m. at the Aggie Soccer Stadium. Admission is free to the public.
The Aggies are undefeated in spring exhibition play with a 5-0-1 record. The team recorded three dominating wins in its 7v7 Tournament and posted multiple-goal victories over TCU and BYU. A&M played to a scoreless draw against LSU.
A&M has outshot its opponent in every spring match and will close out its nontraditional season with two more games at the Aggie Soccer Stadium on Saturday, April 18.
Oklahoma State is 3-2-3 in its exhibition matches and played two games last weekend with a 4-0 win over UCO and a 0-0 tie against Missouri State. The Cowgirls' play their final spring match against the Aggies on Friday.
When the two teams faced each other in the 2008 regular season, freshman Jennifer Kmezich headed in the game winner and the A&M defense held OSU to a season-low single goal. With a 2-1 win, the Aggies were the only blemish on the Cowgirls' 18-1-4 record. Oklahoma State did, however, edge A&M by one point for the Big 12 regular season title.


text:
Bathroom at the beginning?
I believe that's the 2nd time it should have happened then. You may have missed it the first time if you were moving too fast. I watched someone else play through the beginning of this game for the first time and they were treating it like any other shooter and just barging through levels like it was a race. I hated him a little bit. Not that I hate you. Just reflecting...
From: CDuG
You are not allowed to request a sticky.


text:
...My help can continue once in the military. I recently helped a Navy Officer obtain his degree in Engineering from SUNY Maritime College. I have found my knowledge of advanced mathematics, English and other standardized tests directly applicable on helping potential students achieve their goals in this test.
New York, NYView Tutor
...I have been using and teaching Photoshop for over 5 years. I worked as a graphic designer, both corporate and freelance, before I began teaching as my main career. I am able to teach the basics of Photoshop, photo manipulations and correction, design aspects for print and web design, and much more.
Summit, NJView Tutor
...I have been writing SQL code for over twelve years. There are indeed some learning curves when it comes to understanding specific topics such as ERDs and normalization but I have put together lessons that have helped students understand these topics more effectively. Lessons involve concepts an...
Staten Island, NYView Tutor
...I am a New Jersey licensed math teacher (K-12) and I have been teaching Pre-Algebra for the past ten years. I have taught to all grade levels including middle school and high school as well as college students. I am familiar with all learning styles and teaching methods and I tailor my teaching to the needs of each student.
Tenafly, NJView Tutor
...Cantonese is my communicating language with my husband's family who is from Hong Kong for 27+ Years. The following in is my Chinese resume. Education: Shih Hsin University / Taiwan, R.O.C. - Journalism/Editing and Interview Baruch College / New York, New York. - Computer Information System.
Woodhaven, NYView Tutor


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This Sunday, July 17, Rev Kristin Philipson preaching
July 24, Rev Brandon Carter ; July 31, Rev Kristin Philipson
Sunday School and nursery care offered each week.
July 24, Rev Brandon Carter ; July 31, Rev Kristin Philipson
Sunday School and nursery care offered each week.
Janet Zenwirt July 10, 2016
This morning, I invite you to join me on a trip down the Jericho Road.
Today's gospel reading is a familiar one: the parable of the Good Samaritan. It has become part of the cultural lexicon. Stories speak to our souls and Jesus, the teacher, realized this. This is a multi-layered story. Here is one interpretation. Read more ›
Some day, somebody's going to come in here and call our bluff. Maybe today, maybe one of you. Somebody's going to stand up in a pew, maybe during the sermon, or a prayer, and say 'Excuse me! Excuse me! This makes no sense. You want me to follow this Jesus, right ?' I'll say, 'Yes, that's right.' 'To see him as a companion on my journey, right?' And I'll say 'Yes, that's right.' 'Well, I can't see him! He's not here! Show him to me!' And I'll say 'I can't' Read more ›
Rev. Kristin Philipson June 19, 2016 – Father's Day Galatians 3:23-29
Shortly after we moved into our house the city planted a maple tree in our front yard and at our next-door neighbour's. Our yards both face the same direction, the trees were the same variety, and when they were planted they were about the same height, but ten years later our tree is flourishing and shades the front window of our house while our neighbour's tree has hardly grown at all; you'd think it had just been planted. When my neighbour and I happen to be out front at the same time I always make sure to compliment her on the other parts of her garden, out of a sense of pity – it's so free of weeds, I might say. I never mention the huge difference in the size of our trees, though maybe I should. Is it better to overlook differences or to name them? Read more ›


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An incredibly unique girl. A free-spirited hippy who hates conflict and has a peaceful demeanor. Meaning "sunrise" in Spanish, Amanecer is a naturally beautiful girl who doesn't need to cake her face and wear skanky clothes to be gorgeous.
Wow that girl is an Amanecer
by Smashleywhitt December 06, 2010
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