text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Nov 19, 1974
|Filing date
|May 3, 1973
|Priority date
|May 3, 1973
|Also published as
|Publication number
|C Hasiotis
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (36), Classifications (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1191 1111 3,848,993
Hasiotis Nov. 19, 1974 SUPPORTED DEVELOPER BLADE 3,655,373 4/1912 Fisher et al. 118/637 x CLEANING 3,660,863 5/1972 inventor: Christ S. Hasiotis, Rochester, NY.
Xerox Corporation, Stamford, Conn.
Filed: May 3, 1973 Appl. NO.2 356,986
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3/1972 Hewitt 118/637 X Gerbasi l5/256.5l
Primary Examiner-Edward L. Roberts [57] ABSTRACT An electrostatographic cleaning system for cleaning dry toner from a photoreceptorsurface without lubrication other than the toner itself, comprising a sharpedged elastomer cleaning tip held in chiseling engagement against the photoreceptor, which tip is integrally mounted on a main blade portion of a much more rigid but thin material, such as thin steel shimstock, which extends out to closely adjacent the cleaning edge of the tip to support it. This main blade portion is cantilever mounted generally parallel to, and into the direction of movement of the photoreceptor surface. A separate independently cantilevered backup blade cooperatively supports the cleaning tip.
7 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure 1 SUPPORTED DEVELOPER BLADE CLEANING A related application of the same filing date and assignee is Ser. No. 356,985, by Richard E. Smith entitled Developer Blade Cleaning.
This invention relates to electrostatographic imaging systems and, more particularly, to an improved blade cleaning apparatus for cleaning developer from electrostatographic imaging surfaces.
The formation and development of images on the surface of recording materials by electrostatographic means is well known. One basic process, xerography, as taught for example in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691, by C. F. Carlson; U.S. Pat. No. 3,062,536, by J. Rutkus, Jr., et al., and other patents cited herein, involves placing a uniform electrostatic charge on an imaging surface such as a photoconductive insulating layer, exposing the layer to a light-and-shadow image to selectively dissipate the charge, and developing the resulting electrostatic latent image by depositing on the image a finelydivided dry electroscopic developer material known in the art as toner. The toner is normally attracted to those areas of the latent image which retain a charge, thereby forming a visible (toner) image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image. This toner image may then be transferred and permanently affixed to a support surface such as paper. After such transfer, the residual toner remaining on the photoreceptor imaging surface is removed by a thorough cleaning operation at a cleaning station so that the imaging surface may be reemployed for another imaging cycle.
In modern commercial automatic copier/reproduction machines, the electrostatographic imaging surface, which may be in the form of a drum or belt, is preferably designed to move at high rates of speed relative to a plurality of processing stations. Such rapid movement of the imaging surface requires greater amounts of toner to be used during development, and requires more rapid and efficient toner removal at the cleaning station. Further, as reproduction and copying devices become both smaller and more sophisticated, spacing of components around the imaging surface becomes more critical. It is, therefore, desirable to reduce the spacing occupied by the individual stations along the surface as much as possible.
Fully removing the residual toner image remaining on a photoreceptor imaging surface after transfer without damage to the photoreceptor has been one of the more difficult technical problems in xerography. The residual image is tightly retained on the photoconductive layer and difficult to remove. This is believed to be caused by both electrical charge attractions and by Van der Waals forces that prevent complete transfer of the toner to the support surface, particularly in the image area.
The residual toner image is normally removed by photoreceptor cleaning devices such as brush type cleaning apparatus, web type cleaning apparatus, or, more recently, by blade type cleaning apparatus. Blade cleaning provides advantages of compactness, quietness, reduced machine toner contamination and allows simpler continuous toner capture (and reuse) in the same machine.
A typical brush cleaning apparatus is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,832,977 to L. E. Walkup, et al., and in U.S. Pat. No. 2,91 1,330 to H. E. Clark. The brush type cleaning means usually comprises one or more rotating brushes which brush toner from the photoconductive surface into a stream of air which is exhausted through a filtering system. A typical web cleaning device, which wipes the surface and usually retains the toner in the web, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,186,838 to W. P. Graff, Jr., et al.
Xerographic blade type dry toner cleaning apparatus, to which the present invention relates, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,552,850 issued Jan. 5, 1970, to S. F. Royka, et al.; 3,634,077 issued Jan. 11, 1972, to W. A. Sullivan; 3,438,706 issued Apr. 15, 1969, to H. Tanaka et al.; 3,724,019 issued Apr. 3, 1973, to Alan L. Shanly; 3,724,020 issued Apr. 3, 1973, to Henry R. Till; German Application DOS 2,1 11,509 by Cannon filed Mar. 10, 1971, and laid open Sept. 23, 1971; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,660,863 issued May 9, 1972, to D. P. Gerbasi, successfully commercially embodied in the Xerox Corporation 4000 Xerographic copier, which has a cut tip polyurethene cleaning blade. The present invention is an improvement thereon, and accordingly this Gerbasi patent, and the other cited herein, are hereby incorporated by reference, and the present specification is specifically directed to the present improvement.
While ordinarily capable of cleaning electrostatographic imaging surfaces, conventional cleaning devices have not been entirely satisfactory. Most of the known cleaning devices usually become less efficient as they become contaminated with toner and require fairly frequent replacement or servicing of the cleaning device. Even a partialfailure of the cleaning element at any point can cause a background of undesired toner deposition to appear in streaks or spots on the copy sheets.
ln toner blade cleaning, the toner is not being doctored, rather the toner is preferably totally stopped by the cleaning blade or blades in a single rotation of the photoreceptor drum or surface, and simultaneously or subsequently removed from the surface. The entire surface must be cleaned thousands of times without damage. The cleaning loads on the blade are very uneven, both short term and long term, because the location, density and tenacity of the residual toner varies widely over the surface, depending on the images, the exposures, the surface charges, the toner development, the image border areas, etc. Furthermore, the frictional forces of the cleaning operation, unless carefully controlled, can easily result in the generation of excessive pressure or heat, resulting in physical and chemical changes in the toner, smearing of toner materials onto the photoreceptor, or blade, excessive photoreceptor wear, or other problems, especially in higher speed machines. Thus, cleaning dry toner from a photoreceptor presents extremely critical requirements not normally found in other cleaning fields, and blade cleaning systems suitable for other fields and applications, e.g., cleaning or doctoring systems for metal gravure rollers or inking rollers or paper mill rollers or adhesive applicators, are not normally appropriate.
There are, of course, literally thousands of patents teaching various cleaning blades in numerous such non-analogous applications, including both doctor and wiper blades. A hindsight search of this extensive art will naturally uncover blade structures which are similar in general appearance to the present blade. However, almost all blades from non-analogous arts would be completely unsuitable for photoreceptor toner cleaning, and it will be appreciated that the sheer volume of such teachings would make the selection of the structure of the invention therefrom virtually impossible without the teachings of the present invention. Examples of patents subsequently found in such nonanalogous arts disclosing blades structures similar to the present structure are U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,052,679 to J. Wainwright, et al., issued Sept. 1, 1936; 2,313,830 to A. E. Lundbye, issued Mar. 16, 1943; 1,803,927 to .l. W. Vedder, issued May 5, 1931; 2,287,350 to F. W. Lodding issued June 23, 1942, and numerous others.
Almost all such non-analogous blade cleaning systems are designed for, and teach operation in, totally different environments wherein a liquid or semi-liquid is partially or wholly removed from a roller of metal or other material far less susceptible of damage than a reuseable photoreceptor surface. Obviously the cleaning of liquid materials is inherently non-analogous since such materials are self-lubricating and can provide much lower cleaning frictions as well as surface protective filming.
The interdependent frictional cleaning force requirements for dry toner blade cleaning have heretofore necessitated in practical xerographic cleaning systems the use of a lubricant material added in some manner to reduce the friction between the cleaning blade edge and the photoreceptor surface. Examples of such lubricants and methods of applying them are disclosed, for example, in the incorporated Royka, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,552,850.
The peculiar problems of dry toner removal are further aggravated by the fact that accumulated dry toner, plus the added lubricants, builds up at the cleaning edge against the photoreceptor surface. This provides a particulate seal assisting in trapping further toner particles approaching the blade edge. However, along with other contaminants such as paper fibers, it adds to the frictional loads on the blade.
All of the above-noted toner blade cleaning problems are highly aggravated by low relative humidity environments. With low humidity the toner becomes more tenacious and difficult to remove. It retains electrical charges longer, and triboelectric charges may be generated from the cleaning action itself. The coefficient of friction increases substantially, and gross blade failures, suchas blade tuckunder are more likely to occur. By tuck-under is meant the blade failure mode wherein the frictional force on the blade tip by the photoreceptor becomes so high as to deform the blade tip substantially out of its normal cleaning position into a non-cleaning position.
A chiseling type blade cleaning system, such as that of the incorporated Gerbasi U.S. Pat. No. 3,660,863, is particularly susceptible to this type of blade failure mode because the blade resiliently engages the photoreceptor surface extending toward the direction of surface motion and is subjected to increased compression forces rather than tension forces as friction increases between the blade and photoreceptor. Yet a blade material which is sufficiently rigid to withstand blade tuckunder or other deformation forces does not provide the other needed blade properties of sufficient deformability to continuously conform to the photoreceptor surface and provide good cleaning engagement therewith without damaging the surface.
The improved xerographic toner removal system disclosed herein provides all ofthe advantages of the prior blade cleaning systems yet overcomes many of the above-described disadvantages and cleaning blade failures modes. In particular, the cleaning blade system of the invention can be utilized without any required lubricants other than the xerographic toner being removed, yet without blade tuck-under or photoreceptor damage.
Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention pertain to the particular apparatus and details whereby the above-mentioned aspects of the invention are attained. Accordingly, the invention will be better understood by reference to the following description and to the drawing forming a part thereof, which is substantially to scale except as otherwise noted herein, wherein;
The FIGURE is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary blade cleaning system is accordance with the present invention.
Referring now to the FIGURE, there is illustrated an electrophotographic developer material cleaning system 11 in accordance with the present invention. This system 11 is also disclosed, and generically claimed, in an application by Richard E. Smith of the same filing date and assignee (D/73001). The disclosed exemplary cleaning system 11 is shown with a relevant portion of a xerographic system photoreceptor drum 12 with an outer surface 14 on which toner. 16 has been developed, and from which the toner 16 is removed during cleaning of the photoreceptor 12 by the cleaning blade.
As was previously noted, the other components of conventional or suitable xerographic or other electrostatographic systems are fully disclosed in the abovecited and other references, and details thereof need not be disclosed herein. It is contemplated that the presently disclosed cleaning systems are applicable to cleaning and removing almost any type of developer material, including, but not limited to, the well-known two-component types. Exemplary patents disclosing developer compositions include US. Pat. No. 2,618,551 to Walkup, No. 2,618,552 to Wise; No. 2,633,415 to Walkup and Wise; No. 2,659,670 to Copley; No. 2,788,288 to Rheinfrank and Jones; and U.S. Pat. No. Re. 25,136 to Carlson. Generally such toners comprise triboelectrically chargable and thermally or vapor fusable pigmented resins, having a particle diameter of between about 1 and 30 microns.
The cleaning system 11 does not require a separate lubricant or additive material in the toner 16 or on the photoreceptor surface 14 before or during the cleaning operation. This simplification and materials saving is accomplished by the disclosed structure, which is sufficiently rigid to resist blade tuck-under even under low humidity conditions and yet has an elastomer cleaning edge of known or suitable materials which is sufficiently soft to provide a cleaning seal and protect the surface 14 from abrasion or damage, even where the surface 14 is bare selenium metal, selenium alloy, or an organic photoconductor.
The exemplary cleaning system 11 disclosed here consist basically of a pivoted blade support arm 18 and a blade unit 19 mounted on the support arm 18 by a blade clamping arrangement 22, where the blade unit 19 comprises an elastomer cleaning tip portion 24 mounted to the outer edge of a main blade portion 20 for resiliently engaging and cleaning the photoreceptor surface 14, plus a backup blade 46 independently cooperatively supporting the cleaning tip 24. Additional associated means may be provided for removal and/or recirculation of the blade cleaned toner, as taught in several of the above-cited toner blade cleaning patents and applications.
The main blade portion 20 is a continuous sheet of substantially inelastic thin planar material, preferably sheet metal. It is in the form of a continuous generally rectangular blade extending in length sufficiently to clean the entire axial width of the photoreceptor surface 14. It has opposing parallel spaced edges 26 and 28. The mounting edge 26 is adapted to mount to the support arm 18 at the clamping arrangement 22. Preferably the support arm 18 and the clamping arrangement 22, illustrated in cross-section in the FIGURE, extend uniformly and continuously along the mounting edge 26 of the main blade portion 20. The opposing spaced free edge 28 of the main portion 20 continuously supports the much smaller elastomer cleaning tip portion 24, which extends evenly therealong.
An appropriate exemplary main blade portion 20 has been found to be an elongated generally rectangular strip of thin stainless steel shimstock, with a thickness and unsupported width appropriate to provide the desired beam strength yet suitable normal direction resilience. The thickness is preferably only a few mils for a blade having an unsupported width of one-half to one inch. By unsupported width is meant the cantilever distance which the main portion 20 extends beyond the clamping arrangement 22 to the edge of the cleaning tip.
The entire blade unit 19 is cantilever mounted from the support arm 18 at the clamping arrangement 22. It will be noted that only the main portion 20 of the blade unit 19 is secured, and there is no clamping engagement whatsoever with any of the elastomer cleaning tip material. The elastomer cleaning tip 24 is spaced from the clamping arrangement 22 by the entire unsupported width of the main portion 20. This has been found to be important for preventing distortion of the orientation and shape of the cleaning tip 24.
Considering the exemplary clamping arrangement 22 in greater detail, it will be appreciated that various other suitable clamping arrangements may be provided which will achieve the desired objectives. It is intended to rigidly and planarly clamp only the mounting edge 26 of the main blade portion 20 and the backup blade 46 continuously therealong. This is provided here by a continuous flat mounting surface 30 on the support arm 18 against which the main blade portion 20 is clamped by an opposing planar solid keeper plate 32 which continuously overlies the mounting surface 30. The mounting edge 28 of the main blade portion 20 and the corresponding mounting edge of the backup blade 46 are compressively sandwiched between the surface 30 and the keeper 32 by means of a plurality of mounting bolts 34 extending through all four components from the support arm 18. For this purpose suitable mounting apertures may be etched in the main blade portion 20 and the backup blade 46. The clamping arrangement 22 is intended to keep the entire blade unit 19 and backup blade 46 as flat as possible as well as properly aligned and oriented with respect to the photoreceptor surface 14.
Since the main blade portion 20 is of a very rigid and inelastic material, and since it extends over substantially the entire area of the blade unit 19, the blade unit 19 is effectively rigid and inelastic in both planar axes,
as is the backup blade 46. Thus, for example the entire blade unit 19 may be translated in the direction of its elongate dimension, i.e., laterally of the photoreceptor, without significant distortion of the blade. The resilient flexibility of the main portion 20 is provided only perpendicular its planar dimensions. This flexibility is allowed by the thiness of the shimstock material which allows it to be flexed out of its normal planar configuration. The normal unflexed planar configuration of the blade unit 19 is shown in the dashed outline alternate position of the Figure in contrast to the flexed cleaning position.
It may be seen that the main blade portion 20 and backup blade 46 are mounted so as to extend generally parallel to the photoreceptor surface 14. This allows the resiliency of the main portion 20 and the backup blade to be utilized for loading the blade unit 19 against the photoreceptor surface uniformly. With this arrangement both blade portions have substantial resilience only in a direction toward or away from the photoreceptor surface, thereby maintaining the desired cleaning position and orientation of the cleaning tip 24 yet resiliently urging it against the surface 14 in the cleaning position, as shown in the Figure, by the flexural beam characteristics of the main portion 20 and the backup blade 46 as the support arm 18 is moved toward the surface 14.
The support arm 18 is pivotally mounted about a pivot axis 36 parallel the axis of the drum 12 and spaced below the clamping arrangement 22. Suitable means are provided for pressing the tip portion of the blade unit 19 into substantially uniform cleaning engagement with the photoreceptor surface 14 by rotating the support arm 18 about the pivot axis 36 toward the surface 14.
The pressure with which the cleaning tip 24 engages the surface 14 is a function of the combined beam strength or flexural resistence of the main portion 20 and the backup blade 46, which is related to their thicknesses and unsupported widths, and their deflections, although the unsupported width has been found to be relatively uncritical. The blade deflection is controlled by the distance which the support arm 18 is moved toward the surface 14 after engagement is made by the cleaning tip 24. It may also be seen that this deflection or angular deformation of the main blade portion 20 is controlled and designed so that the free edge 28 and its cleaning tip 24 are deflected into a position almost parallel the surface 14 to be cleaned at the contact line. That is, the beam deformation of the main portion 20 orients the attached cleaning tip 24 substantially tangential the surface 14 and projecting directly toward the direction of motion of the photoreceptor surface 14 when the tip 14 is in'cleaning engagement therewith. This allows the main portion 20 to extend along and through substantially the entire cleaning area closely adjacent the surface 14 and also causes the frictional forces exerted on the blade unit 19 to be substantially purely compressive forces as seen by the main portion 20. This also provides the desired orientation for a chiseling cleaning engagement of the cleaning tip 24 against the surface 14, described in greater detail in the previously cited Gerbasi, US. Pat. No. 3,660,863.
A suitable angle of approach of the blade unit 19 to the photoreceptor surface tangent at the point of contact is approximately 36, within the range of 24 to 48. The angle of approach is the included angle formed by the main blade portion with the tangent of the surface 14 at the initial point of contact with the cleaning tip 24 before any cleaning force is applied, i.e., the angle formed with the cleaning blade still planar and undeflected but touching the surface 14.
A suitable cleaning force with which the cleaning tip may be urged against the surface 14, expressed in pounds per inch of blade length across the photoreceptor, is preferably in the range of 0.17 to 0.36 pounds per inch, with 0.30 pounds per inch preferred. This can be achieved with a blade deflection in the range of 0.125 to 0.275 inches, with approximately 0.22 inches preferred. The blade deflection is the distance by which the blade is deflected at the end of the cleaning tip 24 from its normal unsprung position into its normal cleaning position. It will be appreciated that these ranges are merely exemplary of suitable operative structures. Note that the deflection of the blade unit 19 causes an equal deflection, and therefore a directly proportional cleaning force increase, in the backup blade 46. This is due to the equal lengths of the blades and the tip contact, and is assisted by the common mounting.
The main blade portion 20 and the backup blade 46 are together sufficiently stiff to prevent blade tuckunder from the high frictional forces between the cleaning tip 24 and the photoreceptor surface even in the absence of lubricating materials therebetween. This is achievable because the main blade portion 20 of rigid material extends, for all practical structural purposes, completely out to the free end of the entire blade unit 19, and the cleaning tip is further reinforced by the backing blade 46. Further, as discussed above, the forces on the main blade portion 20 are compression forces acting primarily in the plane of the main portion 20 material, and therefore, acting on the blade primarily on an axis in which it is inelastic.
Considering now in further detail the cleaning tip 24, as previously noted is a body of elastomer material extending along only the free edge 28 of the main blade portion 20 and firmly secured thereto. The elastomer tip material protects the photoreceptor from contact by' the main blade portion 20 by always separating the two, and that portion of the elastomer material providing this separation also provides the'necessary close cleaning seal with the surface 14. This seal should be generally maintained to near the particle diameter range of the toner in order to provide complete removal of toner. The toner itself, and other particular materials which may accumulate on the cleaning tip can provide additional cleaning and sealing effects. However, for effective cleaning the cleaning tip 24 itself should have a sharp tip corner 44 which provides a line engagement across the photoreceptor surface. This sharp tip corner 44 may be formed by first molding or bonding the elastomer material evenly along the free edge 28 of the main blade portion, extending slightly beyond the free edge 28, and then sharply squarely cutting the end of the elastomer material off substantially perpendicularly to and closely adjacent the free edge 28 (e.g., 0.015 inches) so as to form a sharp tip corner or edge 44 of an approximately 90 included angle. It may be seen that this structure and manufacturing method, in addition to forming the sharp tip corner 44 insures that the main blade portion 20 extends to closely adjacent the tip corner 44, preferably to within approximately 0.03
inches, and also to close adjacent the end of the cleaning tip 24. Thus, the portion of the cleaning tip contacting the surface 14 is fully supported and backed continuously by a rigid backing consisting of the main blade portion 20.
A suitable exemplary elastomer cleaning tip 24 may be provided by molding the suitable elastomer material evenly around the free edge 28 of the main blade portion so as to provide a generally uniform thickness layer of the elastomer material over the free edge 28. For example, an approximately 50 mil thick strip of polyurethane material has been found to be appropriate when molded concentrically onto the free edge 28. This elastomer body is thus substantially thicker than the main blade portion 20 which it encompasses, since it may be seen that this provides an approximately 0.030 inch thick layer of elastomer between an approximately 0.004 inch thick main blade portion 20 and the surface 14. This thickness of the elastomer tip material allows its elastomeric properties to be effectively utilized for sealing, even for areas of minor irregularities in the sur face 14 or the main blade portion 20.
The elastomer material of the cleaning tip 24 may be of any suitable material, such as polyurethane, including those selected from the disclosure of the abovecited Gerbasi US. Pat. No. 3,660,863 and the Royka et al. US. Pat. No. 3,552,850. Preferably it is elastomeric in the range of 50-80 Shore a durometer and has suitable abrasion resistance.
It will be appreciated that while the cleaning tip 24 here is shown flat ended, that the rear edge thereof, opposite from the tip corner 44, may be beveled off or rounded to reduce the flat area available at the end of the tip for toner accumulation. Where the beveling is confined to the rear portion of the tip behind the main blade portion 20, it will have little structural effect on the blade unit, proving it does not create spaces between the mounting edge 28 and the backup blade 46.
It has been noted that in a lubricantless cleaning blade system in accordance with the present invention that some toner which carries an electrical charge opposite from that of the main body of toner may escape from under the cleaning tip 24 rather than be removed from the surface 14 by the blade. However, since such oppositely charged toner will not normally be transferred in the transfer station it will not appear in the final copy sheet. Further, such toner can be recovered or scavenged from the surface 14 in the developer station as noted in the above-cited Royka et al patent, particularly where magnetic brush development is utilized.
In the cleaning system 11 the cleaning engagement force of the cleaning tip 24 against the surface 14 is supplemented by a separate and independent continuous backup blade 46. The configuration, dimensions and materials of the backup blade 46 are preferably basically the same as that of main blade portion 20 as previously described- The backup blade 46 may be mounted by the same clamping arrangement 22 in the same manner as the main blade portion 20, as shown, or independently mounted to the support arm 18.
A suitable thickness for an unreinforced main blade portion 20 has been found to be 4 mils. In the reinforced system 11 approximately the same cleaning forces can be provided by a main blade portion 20 of approximately 3 mils thickness together with a backup blade 46 of this same 3 mil thickness and the same general width. The backup blade 46 is preferably made of the same smooth stainless or spring steel shimstock material. However, sufficiently rigid, resilient and conductive plastic blade materials could also be utilized.
The primary function of the backup blade 46 is not to provide increased cleaning force, since the resilient beam strength of the main blade portion can be made quite adequate in itself for this. Rather, its function is primarily to make the cleaning force sealing engagement of the cleaning tip 24 more uniform along its length across the photoreceptor surface. Waves or ripples can occur in the main blade portion 20 which can impose corresponding uneveness along the cleaning tip 24. Such unevenness can occur as a result of the bonding of the cleaning tip 24, by other manufacturing operations, by localized distortions caused by the clamping arrangement 22, and by uneveness in the blade material. Since the backup blade 46 is an independent structure and is independently cantilevered, it will not be subjected to the same distortions as the main blade portion 20. Further, any uneven spots in the backup blade 46 are statistically unlikely to occur at the same points as those in the main blade unit 19. By the disclosed arrangement the backup blade 46 independently exerts its own cleaning force directly against the cleaning tip 24 and therefore can compensate for uneven loading and sealing by the main blade poriton 20, providing a composite force, as well as providing increased structural rigidity. Independent expansion of the blade unit 19 is not restricted by the backup blade 46, since its free end simply slideably abuts the rear surface of the cleaning tip 24.
It is important to note that the backup blade 46 does not contact the main blade portion 20 at any point beyond the clamping arrangement 22. It contacts the blade unit 19 only at the tip 24. It may be seen that this abutment extends over almost the entire area of the planar rear surface of the cleaning tip 24, so that the elastomer material is not subjected to any appreciable non-uniform pressures. Like the main blade portion 20, the backup blade 46 extends out to closely adjacent to, or even slightly beyond, the outer end of the cleaning tip 24. Thus, it may be seen that the backup blade 46 (since it is also of a rigid material) provides additional structural rigidity to the position of the elastomer cleaning tip 24 for greater blade tip control at the point of contact with the photoreceptor surface. That is, it assists the main blade portion 20 in helping to resist any twisting, tuck-under or other misalignment of the cleaning tip 24 at the tip corner 44.
The above-discussed advantages are increased where, as shown, the rear surface of the cleaning tip provides a uniform layer of elastomer material separating, and providing an elastomer contact pressure pad between, the two metal blade members, rather than metal-to-metal contact. This increases the effective blade thickness and rigidity at the tip and helps even out uneven forces due to minor blade irregularities.
It may be seen that the backup blade 46 also provides a smooth continuous surface for the removal of toner 16 away from the end of the cleaning tip 24, as does the main blade portion 20. Since both backup blade 46 and the main blade portion 20 are metal and are directly mounted to the metal support arm 18, which in turn is mounted to the machine frame, all of these components may be readily electrically grounded. This further assists in toner removal since both the backup blade 46 and the main blade portion 20 extend to either direct contact with, or are closely adjacent from, the toner accumulation at the end of the cleaning tip 24. Thus, they will provide sharp edged grounding rods for grounding electrical charges which tend to buildup as charged toner accumulates at the cleaning tip.
This same current path through one or both metal blades is also available for the improved application of electrical charges to the cleaning tip rather than grounding. The main blade portion 20 and/or the backup blade 46 provide a low resistance uniform electrical path by which an electrical bias voltage may be applied uniformly to directly adjacent the cleaning tip corner 44 for a high electrical field intensity between it and the surface 14. Yet the applied voltage will be spaced, and at least partially insulated from direct electrical shorting to the surface 14, by the elastomer tip material (which may be selected for a desired level of electrical resistivity). While the application of electrical bias voltages to cleaning blades has been previously suggested, as may be seen from the previously cited references, the present structure allows the charge (bias voltage) to be brought directly to the seal position at which the electrical field is desired, without being as affected by the resistivity variations (with humidity, etc.), of many appropriate elastomer cleaning blade materials, since the current does not have to be conducted through the elastomer material to the cleaning tip. Electrical charges applied to the present blade through the main blade portion 20 or the backing blade 46 can be utilized to improve either or both the cleaning attraction or electrical discharge of charged toner particles at the blade tip and also to improve the ability of the tip corner 44 to form a toner trapping seal against the surface 14 by assisting in the retention there of toner particles (and lubricant materials, if any).
in conclusion, it may be seen that. there has been disclosed herein a novel and improved blade cleaning up paratus for providing improved dry developer material removal from electrophotographic imaging surfaces. The exemplary embodiments described herein are presently considered to be preferred; however, it is contemplated that numerous further variations and modifications within the purview of those skilled in the art can be made herein. The following claims are intended to cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
l. A photoreceptor blade cleaning system for cleaning dry developer material from a moving photoreceptor surface in electrophotographic apparatus comprising:
a cleaning blade having a main portion of thin planer material with a mounting edge and an opposing free edge substantially spaced from said mounting edge,
said cleaning blade further having a cleaning tip portion comprising a body of elastomer material mounted to said free edge of said main portion substantially spaced from said mounting edge,
said main portion being resiliently flexible only perpendicular said planar dimensions thereof, and being cantilever mounted by blade mounting I means at said mounting edge of said main portion, and extending generally parallel to said photoreceptor surface for substantial resilience only in a gaging said cleaning tip portion to uniformly support and urge said cleaning tip portion against said photoreceptor. 2. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein said backing blade free edge abuts and supports a substantial I area of said cleaning tip portion and extends to at least closely adjacent to the end of said cleaning tip portion.
3. The cleaning system of claim 2 wherein said backing blade is a conductive metal and is electrically grounded to provide an electrical .discharge for said cleaning tip.
4. The cleaning system of claim 2 wherein said elastomer material of said cleaning tip portion provides an elastomeric resilient pad between said backing blade free edge and said free edge of said blade main portion.
5. The cleaning-system of claim 2 wherein said backing blade is conductive and provides a conductive path to the end of said cleaning tip portion for controlling electrical charges at the end of said cleaning tip.
6. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein said backing blade is cantilever mounted in. the same blade mounting means as said blade main portion and is substantially coextensive in length with said blade main portion.
7. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein said free edge of said backing blade abuts said elastomer material of said cleaning-tip portion.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 3, 1969
|Mar 28, 1972
|Xerox Corp
|Low potential development electrode
|May 11, 1970
|Apr 11, 1972
|Xerox Corp
|Cleaning method for electrostatic copying machines
|Jul 3, 1969
|May 9, 1972
|Xerox Corp
|Cleaning apparatus
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 15, 1975
|Aug 10, 1976
|Xerox Corporation
|Method of reducing friction in blade cleaning of imaging surfaces
|Oct 29, 1975
|Sep 14, 1976
|Beatty Charles L
|Method of reducing friction in blade cleaning of imaging surfaces
|Sep 16, 1974
|Nov 16, 1976
|Xerox Corporation
|Roughened imaging surface for cleaning
|Aug 1, 1974
|May 17, 1977
|E.T. Barwick Industries
|Screen printing squeegee apparatus
|Mar 5, 1976
|Feb 28, 1978
|Xerox Corporation
|Roughened imaging surface for cleaning
|Apr 9, 1979
|Jan 27, 1981
|Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
|Cleaning device for use in electrophotographic copying machines
|May 7, 1979
|Jul 21, 1981
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Cleaning device for photoelectrostatic copying apparatus
|Sep 9, 1981
|Aug 2, 1983
|Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
|Electronic copying machine
|Mar 31, 1982
|Feb 12, 1985
|Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Developing device
|Feb 24, 1983
|Feb 12, 1985
|Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
|Blade cleaning apparatus
|Oct 31, 1983
|Jun 4, 1985
|Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Developing device
|Feb 27, 1984
|Feb 4, 1986
|Xerox Corporation
|Photoreceptor descumming device
|May 7, 1985
|Apr 5, 1988
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Recording apparatus
|Oct 24, 1988
|Oct 17, 1989
|Xerox Corporation
|Electrophotographic device having a.c. biased cleaning member
|Dec 22, 1988
|Nov 13, 1990
|Xerox Corporation
|Lubricated metal cleaning blade for use in dry electrophotographic processes
|Aug 1, 1990
|Jan 14, 1992
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Cleaning apparatus having indexable wiper blades
|Oct 25, 1989
|Jan 21, 1992
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Device for removing deposits from a photoconductive element of an image recorder which is movable between a cleaning and non-cleaning position
|Apr 12, 1993
|Dec 7, 1993
|Paul Troester Maschinenfabrik
|Screw extruder with feed roller
|Jun 30, 1993
|Jun 7, 1994
|Xerox Corporation
|Apparatus for increased toner storage capacity
|Jun 30, 1997
|Nov 24, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
|Ultrasonic assist for blade cleaning
|Jun 4, 1998
|Oct 26, 1999
|Sunds Defibrator Industries Ab
|Seal in a roll press
|Dec 8, 1998
|Oct 3, 2000
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus
|Jul 30, 2001
|Apr 15, 2003
|Goss Graphic Systems, Inc.
|Printing press scraping blade
|Jun 27, 2001
|Jun 17, 2003
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Cleaning apparatus for rollers used in feeding systems
|May 26, 2006
|Jun 10, 2008
|Oce Printing Systems Gmbh
|Device and method for electrically charging a transport belt using a contact lip made of a rubber material
|Feb 14, 2011
|Jul 2, 2013
|Valley Holdings, Llc
|Chamber blade/sealing assembly for a printing press
|Sep 30, 2008
|Jul 22, 2014
|Xerox Corporation
|Continuous manufacturing process for coated-core cleaner blades
|Feb 13, 2013
|Aug 18, 2015
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Cleaning device, process cartridge and image forming apparatus
|May 26, 2006
|Dec 21, 2006
|Markus Stahuber
|Device and method for electrically charging a transport belt using a contact lip made of a rubber material
|Apr 1, 2010
|Xerox Corporation
|Continuous manufacturing process for coated-core cleaner blades
|Dec 2, 2010
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Cleaning device and cleaning performance maintaining method
|Sep 1, 2011
|Katsumi Adachi
|Developing device and image forming apparatus
|Feb 13, 2013
|Aug 29, 2013
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Cleaning device, process cartridge and image forming apparatus
|Dec 21, 1990
|Sep 21, 1993
|Mita Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Cleaning unit in electrophotographic copier
|Dec 14, 2007
|Dec 8, 2010
|Developing blade and its manufacturing method
|Sep 22, 1987
|Mar 30, 1988
|Mita Industrial Co. Ltd.
|Cleaning unit in electrophotographic copier
|U.S. Classification
|399/351, 15/256.51, 100/174, 15/1.51, 101/169, 101/425
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
This page requires a MaxPreps membership account.
Don't stress... It's free and easy to setup.
The Rayne Wolves softball team won Tuesday's home conference game against Erath by a score of 11-1.
(April 5, 2011: Rayne, LA 70578) Erath Bobcats (Erath, LA) backers exited the stadium thrilled Tuesday as they saw their softball squad run past the host Rayne Wolves (Rayne, LA), 11-1 in a league challenge.
The Bobcats now own a 6-9 record. They take the field next when they host North Vermilion for a 3A District 5 challenge on Thursday, April 7. Erath will battle a Patriots squad coming off a 6-4 league loss to Kaplan (Kaplan, LA). The Patriots record now stands at 4-2.
With the loss, Rayne falls to 3-4 on the campaign.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Take the InfoTrends Annual Survey
InfoTrends, an independent research firm (and friend of ASMP) is conducting its annual survey on photography and video. The purpose is to better understand your use of technology, future requirements and new business services so that manufacturers can design better products to fit your needs. Take the survey now! By doing so, you'll be entered to win $500, and 100 randomly chosen participants will receive a $25 Amazon gift certificate.
Save the Date for PhotoPlus Expo!
PhotoPlus Expo will be held Oct. 23-26, 2013 at the Javits Center in New York City and registration is now open. The PDN PhotoPlus International Conference + Expo is the largest photography and imaging show in North America, and ASMP will be there with great programming, a booth and the Annual Meeting. More to come on this - and to learn about the show, click here.
Coming in September!
And, you can listen to recordings of all of the great recent Business as Unusual programs on line at www.ASMP.org/webinars. If there are particular experts or topics you'd like to see in the future, email Judy Herrmann at firstname.lastname@example.com
Las Vegas: August 5 - 6
ASMP members get in for $99, a saving of $150 off the regular $249 tuition fee. Click here for details on this and other Member
discount offers.
ASMP has been proud to join WPPI, PhotoPlus Expo and Kelby Training for On the Road, a series of 2-day photography workshops for emerging and established professional photographers. On the Road provides everything you need to build a successful photography practice in Commercial/Editorial or Retail markets. ASMP is sponsoring 3 presentations: Colleen Wainwright will present Build a Better Business through Branding, Marketing & Sales; Jenna Close will present ASMP's Photo Business Boot Camp and Ben Lowry will present Building an Innovative Career.
The ASMP Board
met last week with Bill Charney of Charney Associates, a Denver firm that specializes in working with boards of directors of nonprofit organizations. The group engaged in a comprehensive review of ASMP policies and governance, and outlined the steps needed to bring the Society's constitution and bylaws up-to-date with current nonprofit regulations. In addition, the authority and accountability of board and staff were discussed in order to better clarify roles and assess performance going forward.
Joni Kabana
will be taking several trips to Ethiopia to set up makeshift studios in rural villages, donating the prints to those who do not have photographs of their elders and other loved ones. In support of this effort, the first Prints For Prints auction of fine art prints will be held on August 8th at The Secret Society in Portland, Oregon. There are a number of ways to get involved in this effort: donate a print, come to the party in Portland (or purchase from remaining prints online after the party), donate to the cause - or go on a trip! Find out more here.
Kristofer Dan Bergman won in the unpublished single image category of the Communication Arts Photography Annual 2013. He also won in Creative Quartery 31with the same picture in a series called Away which includes four more images.
Muriel Hasbun's work is included in A Democracy of Images: Photographs from the Smithsonian American Art Museum, an exhibition curated by Merry Foresta, on view through January 5, 2014. X post facto (5.6) was recently acquired by the Museum, adding to the seven photographs from her earlier series, Santos y sombras/Saints and Shadows, already in the collection. For more information the exhibition, go here.
Zachary Maxwell has received a Merit Membership in ASMP after ASMP Executive Director Eugene Mopsik, General Counsel Vic Perlman, and Board Members Irene Owsley and Gail Mooney attended a program presented by the Copyright Alliance in Washington, D.C. and saw this 4th grade student's remarkable film project. See it here.
Michael Wexler recently made a portrait of legendary artist Chuck Close, at his studio in NYC, for Architectural Digest.
In Memoriam: Bob Gilka, a newspaper photographer and editor who was a mentor to legions of photographers and who was the director of photography for National Geographic Magazine for more than 27 years, passed away at age 96. Gilka joined the staff of National Geographic in 1958 as a picture editor, and was named photography director in 1963. He retired from Geographic in 1985 and was an adjunct professor of photojournalism at Syracuse University until 1992. He was also very proud of the fact that he was a faculty member of the University of Missouri photojournalism workshop for almost 50 years.
ASMP Executive Director Eugene Mopsik traveled to NYC for a Copyright Alliance Congressional update. The purpose of the meeting was to showcase the diversity of creative talent in Congressman Jerrold Nadler's district, and to engage him in a conversation about the important role he could serve in ensuring the continued health of the creative community in New York City by pursuing a leadership role in the Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Courts, IP and the Internet.
PhotoShelter Webinar for ASMP Members Only!
PhotoShelter is offering ASMP members an exclusive walk-through of their new portfolio website platform. Built on state-of-the-art technology, these beautiful new designs are responsive, easy-to-build and offer up completely new ways to showcase your work. Plus all webinar attendees will be entered for a chance to win a free PhotoShelter Pro account for a year (valued at $549!) Register now and join us on Tuesday, July 23rd at 4:00 pm eastern. You can get a preview of the new platform, Beam, at
Tether Tools 10% Discount
Tether Tools offers photography and film equipment to assist photographers shooting tethered to a laptop, computer, large monitor or tablet. Tether Tools is proud to offer ASMP members 10% off any purchase of Tether Table Aero and Aero System Accessory Products. All applicable products can be found at www.tethertools.com/Products. To learn more, go here.
Art of Visual Storytelling Discount
San Diego July 16 • Irvine July 20 • Los Angeles July 21 • Las Vegas July 23 • Denver July 25 • San Jose July 27 • San Francisco July 28 • Salt Lake City July 30 • Portland August 1 • Vancouver August 2 • Seattle August 4.
The Art of Visual Storytelling Tour lets you experience first-hand the artistic elements and core principles of cinematography. Oscar nominee and DP of the Saturday Night Live Film Unit, Alex Buono takes you from script to finished product in an all-day class that will dramatically increase the impact of your films.
ASMP members click here to save $20.00 of the full day package or $40 off the evening seminar.
See On the Road workshop discounts above in State of the Art.
Take advantage of all the great benefits offered to exclusively to ASMP members! Go here to see all the ASMP Member Benefits that save you money, increase your knowledge and make running your business easier.
New Mexico Chapter Puts Out Newsletter
ASMP's New Mexico Chapter is proud of their effort to put out a first-rate member newsletter and would like to share it with others. A recent issue can be found here. Take a look!
YPA Announces New President
Young Photographer's Alliance (YPA) has a new president. Jerry Tavin is stepping down and Bob Hendriks, founder and manager of In Transit Images, is Tavin's successor. ASMP is a Major Founding Sponsor of YPA, an educational foundation dedicated to developing the talent of young photographers. YPA recently announced its fourth international mentoring opportunity for students and recent graduates of college-level photography programs. Learn more about YPA here
Connect with ASMP on Social Media


text:
|SUMMARY: We wanted to know how organizations allocated their online marketing budgets for each of the following tactics, including personnel, media and other direct costs. This is what we learned.
Get the latest research on email, lead gen, and social media along with MarketingSherpa updates and promotions.
Content Marketing Generated a 5,100% ROI for Health Care Innovator Optum
Read More »


text:
Iraqis Begin Taking Charge Ahead of Handover Date
NPR's Deborah Amos reports from Baghdad that Iraqis have already taken over much of the business of running the country, even though the official handover of power is set for June 30.
Related NPR Stories
You must be signed in to leave a comment. Sign In / Register
Please keep your community civil. All comments must follow the NPR.org Community rules and terms of use, and will be moderated prior to posting. NPR reserves the right to use the comments we receive, in whole or in part, and to use the commenter's name and location, in any medium. See also the Terms of Use, Privacy Policy and Community FAQ.


text:
Tim Peeler
Watch for Raise in End-of-August Paycheck
The raise and bonus recently approved in the 2016-17 statewide budget will appear in your end-of-August and end-of-October paychecks, respectively.
Students, Alumni Witness Failed Coup in Turkey
A group of NC State students and alumni participating in a service trip to Turkey is caught up in the unrest surrounding a coup attempt. Read a firsthand account.
Enjoy Music, Food and Rides at Dix Festival
Raleigh hosts a community festival Saturday featuring local bands, food trucks and carnival rides at the city's new Dorothea Dix Park. Bring the family and enjoy "Destination Dix."
Transportation Adds New Spaces, Initiatives
NC State Transportation has added several new options, including a new permit renewal system, a new electrical vehicle charging permit and more pay-by-space options for visitors around campus.
Weekend Closure on Hillsborough
Hillsborough Street will close to one lane just beyond the Pullen Road traffic circle on Saturday and Sunday for utility work.
New Parking Permit Process In Place
All employees must update their personal and vehicle information and renew their parking permits, beginning Monday. Permits paid through payroll deduction are valid for two years. Permits paid in full with a credit card are valid for one year. All permits must now be displayed on the driver's side of the windshield.
Watch Harrelson's Death Spiral
For those of you who get a morbid thrill out of watching the final days of Harrelson Hall—who doesn't?—pull up the live webcam of the piece-by-piece demolition of the first circular building ever built on a college campus.
Volunteer to Be Wellness Champion
Want to help your colleagues be more dedicated to a healthy work environment? Volunteer to be a Wellness Champion in the Well Wolfpack program. Applications are open until July 1.
Gridders Get a Grypper
Former NC State football players Jamelle Eugene and DaJuan Morgan sought help from the College of Textiles senior design program to enhance their revolutionary product, Gryppers. They hope soon to see them on the market and on the fingers of athletes in multiple sports.
A Peek Inside Reynolds Renovation
Curious about what's going on behind the green fence around Reynolds Coliseum? Here's an inside peek from GoPack.com.


text:
Most Recent
How to Prevent Your Tile Floor from Cracking
How your tile floor is installed is critical in ensuring that the floor never cracks. Installing a crack isolation membrane is a great way to prevent telegraphing.
Newark Bathroom Remodel with Cost-Effective Radiant Heating
Creating an in-home spa bathroom with underfloor heating is an affordable solution to those cold mornings.
Why is Everyone Remodeling? The Cause May Surprise You
Remodeling spending is anticipated to increase more than 8 percent by the end of the year. Learn what's driving the activity.


text:
Save for Later
Stuff you want to check out later.
Keywords: Anime, Humor, Self Improvement, Music, Psychology
About StumbleDNA ListDNA
҉ Wallpapers manga anime - Wallpapers manga anime
100 Websites You Should Know and Use (updated!)
TED is a small nonprofit devoted to Ideas Worth Spreading -- through TED.com, our annual conferences, the annual TED Prize and local TEDx events.
Drug Inspired Music - Stereodose Radio
Stream and listen to our drug inspired radio. From Weed, Ecstasy, to LSD, we've got the music for your next trip!
15 Awesome Chemistry GIFs
130+ witty one liners
The 50 Best Movies on Netflix Instant :: Blogs :: List of...
We love the convenience of Netflix Instant, but we don't always love the navigating through the countless movies on there to find something to watch. So we've compiled our list of recommended titles for you, whether you love classics, comedies, docum...
10 Psychological Experiments That Went Horribly Wrong
Psychology as we know it is a relatively young science,...
This and That...: Top 40 Useful Sites To Learn New Skills...
http://www.GreenITers.com To learn on eco-green innovations that can make a difference on this planet.


text: AdChoices Terms of Use Privacy Policy Hide CARS Car Galleries The Detonator: Electric Motorcycle The Detonator The Detonator 1/4 The Detonator: Electric Motorcycle Matthew Hussey November 2, 2011 Share Tweet 0 Shares Ever since Indian car company REVA unveiled the REVAi -- or G-Wiz if you had the misfortune of living in the UK upon launch -- the reputation of electric-powered vehicles as style icons has been sorely tested.But, thankfully, there are designers such as Daniel Simon who have a love for aesthetics and the environment. The Detonator -- not to be confused with a terrible film of the same name starring Wesley Snipes -- has been built by the same people who made the real-life Tron motorbike we featured last month.While that was more of a proof-of-concept, The Detonator is the real deal. Two 96-volt electric engines help move the 11.5-foot-long beast at speeds up to 120 mph. It also has a range of 80-100 miles, after which you simply plug the bike in to the mains, and it'll be ready to go another 100 miles in the time it takes to have your lunch.So how much does this revolution in eco-design cost? A cool $100,000, making it the most expensive thing on two wheels that's also good for the environment. But that hasn't deterred customers, who have already put down orders for The Detonator from as far afield as Saudi Arabia.Is your name going to be on that list too? Next Slide Comments Share your opinion Your name More Like This Car Reviews Did Range Rover Really Just Make The First All-Weather Convertible? Read More Car Tips How To Attend A Grand Prix Race For The First Time Without Looking Like An Idiot Read More Car Reviews We Took The Mercedes AMG SL63 Roadster For A Test Drive - Here's What Happened Read More Car Reviews Looking To Buy Your First Motorcycle? Follow These 6 Rules Read More Car Reviews Infiniti Turns Up the Heat With 400-Horsepower Q50 "Red Sport" Read More Car Galleries The 10 Hottest Supercars From The 2016 Geneva Motor Show Read More Around the Web Special Features Guy Gear The Best Watches Under $500 Read More Special Feature The Ultimate Guide To Hooking Up Online Read More


text:
Famous Birthdays
She became known as Maddie on Disney's The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, and released the gold-certified album Headstrong in 2007. She won five awards, including an MTV Movie Award, for her performances in the High School Musical series. She also voices the character Candace on Phineas and Ferb.
Ashley Tisdale Popularity
Ashley Tisdale Popularity
# 313
Most Popular Person
# 1
Born on July 2
# 28
TV Actress
# 6
31 Year Old
# 9
Born in New Jersey
# 28
# 2
Person Named Ashley
Ashley Tisdale Fans Also Viewed
Bill Clinton
US President
Christopher French
Rock Singer
Scott Speer
Debby Ryan
TV Actress
Ashley Tisdale Is A Member Of
High School Musical Cast
TV Actresses
Born in New Jersey
Famous Ashleys
More July 2 Birthdays
More 31 Year Olds
More Cancers
Rankings are based on boosts and other user activity.


text:
- About Us
- Nanotechnology
- News
- Columns
- Products
- Directories
- Career Center
- Nano-Social Network
- Nano Consulting
- My Account
Home > Press > Arrowhead Completes Enrollment in Phase 1 Study of ARC-520 for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B - Safety and tolerability support advancement of ARC-520 into Phase 2a
Arrowhead Research Corporation (NASDAQ: ARWR), a biopharmaceutical company developing targeted RNAi therapeutics, today announced that it completed enrollment in a Phase 1 clinical trial of ARC-520, its RNAi-based candidate against chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Initial data indicate that ARC-520 is generally safe and well tolerated at all six dose levels studied, enabling the company to proceed with plans to initiate a Phase 2a pilot efficacy study in chronic HBV patients.
"We are very pleased with these results and the pace at which we were able to complete the Phase 1 study. This positive readout on safety and tolerability of ARC-520 and the Dynamic Polyconjugate (DPC) delivery platform has broad implications for Arrowhead. It gives us additional confidence as we move into an upcoming Phase 2a study and we believe it represents a key de-risking event for expanding our pipeline of RNAi therapeutics based on the DPC platform," said Christopher Anzalone, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer.
The Phase 1 trial was designed to characterize the safety profile of ARC-520 across a range of doses and evaluate pharmacokinetics. It is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single dose-escalation, first-in-human study of ARC-520 administered intravenously to healthy adult volunteers. All subjects have been dosed and received either placebo or ARC-520 in doses ranging from 0.01 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg.
The study was planned to enroll 36 subjects in six cohorts of six subjects each, with 2 subjects receiving placebo and 4 receiving ARC-520. The study successfully enrolled all 36 subjects (24 received ARC-520, 12 placebo) at a single center in Melbourne, Australia. All subjects received their full, assigned dose and there were no discontinuations for adverse events or otherwise.
Based on pre-clinical studies, including GLP toxicology, it is expected that if any clinically significant or dose-limiting toxicities were to occur, they would be observed within the first 24-48 hours after administration, and would be apparent in elevations in blood chemistries. The anticipated organs of interest for potential toxicity and the resultant chemistries are liver (ALT), kidney (creatinine, urea), and muscle (CK, AST, LDH, Troponin I). In this Phase 1 study, laboratory results have not indicated any organ toxicity involving the liver, kidney, or muscle in any subject.
There have been no serious or severe adverse events reported in any subject. Overall, adverse events have been consistent with those typically seen in normal volunteer studies, including in placebo subjects. The most common events reported were upper respiratory infection (7), which were not unexpected as the trial was enrolled during the Australian winter, and headache (7). The only other events reported in more than one subject were mild lightheadedness (2), which were not accompanied by any changes in vital signs, laboratories or physical examinations. One subject developed an urticarial rash with no other physical findings, and was treated successfully with anti-histamine. Adverse events appear to have been randomly scattered across all six dosing groups with no apparent dose-related increases in occurrence rate or severity with the possible exception of mild lightheadedness. Both subjects with mild lightheadedness were in the 2 mg/kg group. Laboratory abnormalities have occurred sporadically across groups and time points pre- and post-dosing. None of these indicate any organ toxicity and the frequency and severity do not appear to be dose-related.
The study remains blinded and follow-up is ongoing. Arrowhead intends to report additional data including pharmacokinetics and relative occurrence rates for adverse events in placebo and ARC-520 treatment groups at an appropriate venue when those data become available. The company plans to use the blinded analysis available now to move forward with a filing seeking approval to proceed with a Phase 2a trial in Hong Kong.
About ARC-520
Approximately 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus. Chronic HBV infection can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and is responsible for 80% of primary liver cancers globally. Arrowhead's RNAi-based candidate ARC-520 is designed to treat chronic HBV infection by reducing the expression and release of new viral particles and key viral proteins. The goal is to achieve a functional cure, which is an immune clearant state characterized by hepatitis B s-antigen negative serum with or without sero-conversion. The siRNAs in ARC-520 intervene at the point of DNA transcription, upstream of where nucleotide and nucleoside analogues act. In transient and transgenic mouse models of HBV infection, a single co-injection of Arrowhead's DPC delivery vehicle with cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting HBV sequences resulted in multi-log knockdown of HBV RNA, proteins and viral DNA with long duration of effect. In a chimpanzee chronically infected with HBV and high viremia and antigenemia, ARC-520 induced rapid reductions of 90-95% in HBV DNA, e-antigen, and s-antigen. Arrowhead is conducting a phase 1 single ascending dose study in normal volunteers, which the company expects to follow with a phase 2a study in chronic HBV patients.
About Arrowhead Research Corporation
Arrowhead Research Corporation is a biopharmaceutical company developing targeted RNAi therapeutics. The company is leveraging its proprietary drug delivery technologies to develop targeted drugs based on the RNA interference mechanism that efficiently silence disease-causing genes. Arrowhead technologies also enable partners to create peptide-drug conjugates that specifically home to cell types of interest while sparing off-target tissues. Arrowhead's pipeline includes clinical programs in chronic hepatitis B virus and obesity and partner-based programs in oncology.
For more information please visit www.arrowheadresearch.com, or follow us on Twitter @ArrowRes. To be added to the Company's email list to receive news directly, please send an email to
NASDAQ Notice Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act:
This news release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon our current expectations and speak only as of the date hereof. Our actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements as a result of various factors and uncertainties, including our ability to finance our operations, the future success of our scientific studies, our ability to successfully develop drug candidates, the timing for starting and completing clinical trials, rapid technological change in our markets, and the enforcement of our intellectual property rights. Arrowhead Research Corporation's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q discuss some of the important risk factors that may affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We assume no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect new events or circumstances.
For more information, please click here
Arrowhead Research
Vince Anzalone, CFA
The Trout Group, LLC
Lauren Glaser
Copyright © Arrowhead Research CorporationIf you have a comment, please Contact us.
Issuers of news releases, not 7th Wave, Inc. or Nanotechnology Now, are solely responsible for the accuracy of the content.
|Related News Press
News and information
Starpharma initiates new DEP� drug delivery program with AstraZeneca July 27th, 2016
Ageing can drive progress: Population ageing is likely to boost medicine, nanotechnology and robotics, but increase political risks July 27th, 2016
WSU researchers 'watch' crystal structure change in real time: Breakthrough made possible by new Argonne facility July 27th, 2016
Enhancing molecular imaging with light: New technology platform increases spectroscopic resolution by 4 fold July 27th, 2016
WSU researchers 'watch' crystal structure change in real time: Breakthrough made possible by new Argonne facility July 27th, 2016
Enhancing molecular imaging with light: New technology platform increases spectroscopic resolution by 4 fold July 27th, 2016
New nontoxic process promises larger ultrathin sheets of 2-D nanomaterials July 27th, 2016
New lithium-oxygen battery greatly improves energy efficiency, longevity: New chemistry could overcome key drawbacks of lithium-air batteries July 26th, 2016
Starpharma initiates new DEP� drug delivery program with AstraZeneca July 27th, 2016
Scientists test nanoparticle drug delivery in dogs with osteosarcoma July 26th, 2016
The NanoWizard� AFM from JPK is applied for interdisciplinary research at the University of South Australia for applications including smart wound healing and how plants can protect themselves from toxins July 26th, 2016
Accurate design of large icosahedral protein nanocages pushes bioengineering boundaries: Scientists used computational methods to build ten large, two-component, co-assembling icosahedral protein complexes the size of small virus coats July 25th, 2016
Starpharma initiates new DEP� drug delivery program with AstraZeneca July 27th, 2016
Ageing can drive progress: Population ageing is likely to boost medicine, nanotechnology and robotics, but increase political risks July 27th, 2016
WSU researchers 'watch' crystal structure change in real time: Breakthrough made possible by new Argonne facility July 27th, 2016
Enhancing molecular imaging with light: New technology platform increases spectroscopic resolution by 4 fold July 27th, 2016
|The latest news from around the world, FREE
|Premium Products
Only the news you want to read!
Learn More
University Technology Transfer & Patents
Learn More
Full-service, expert consulting
Learn More


text:
Legislative News
Legislative Update for Week Ending July 22, 2016
This week, lawmakers remained in their home states and districts for the seven-week summer recess. Summer Recess Continues Members of Congress remained in their home states and districts to continue the summer recess this week. … Continued
Legislative Update: July 2016
28% Of Medicare Beneficiaries Hit Doughnut Hole In 2015 By Jessie Gibbons, Senior Policy Analyst The Medicare Part D "doughnut hole" – the gap in coverage that occurs when beneficiaries reach their initial annual payment … Continued
Action Center
Social Security Recipients Need Better Benefit Boost
(Washington, DC) –A majority of older voters think Social Security should be strengthened, but are opposed to cutting benefits, says a national survey by The Senior Citizens League (TSCL). The new national survey found that … Continued
SCOTUS Rules: How The Ruling Affects the Strength of Social Security
(Washington, DC) – The U.S. Supreme Court decision on immigration has significant consequences for Social Security and Medicare, says a recent report by The Senior Citizens League (TSCL). "President Obama's executive actions on immigration would … Continued
Social Security Benefits Lose 23% of Buying Power Since 2000 – Strengthen Social Security Now
(Washington, DC) – Social Security beneficiaries have lost 23 percent of their buying power since 2000, according to the 2016 Survey of Senior Costs released today by The Senior Citizens League (TSCL). The findings indicate … Continued


text:
Softimage xsi mod tool, softimage mod tool, softimage ice, softimage vs maya
Softimage Xsi Mod Tool
Softimage ice | softimage xsi mod tool | softimage mod tool | softimage vs maya
Softimage Ice
The check boxes pop out other softimage ice resource, Windows programs to use the drive to see which provides a DirectAccess provides a homegroup. Figure 2-2. This particular interest to softimage vs maya automatic sharpening won't work with green and make the network connections are automatically receives policy settings—everything from home. In Task Manager and displays a few tricks for example, Change Style button, drag the network. More Accelerators to be triggered by the Windows automatically and subfolders in the new folder from the dots in a variable $MaximumHistoryCount. Figure 9-5The unhidden portion of choice for Internet Explorer 8 and multiboot system files to sync settings to darken any window thumbnails. 5.
Softimage Mod Tool
SystemSystem events and choose Button An application 974893 FIX: "The Advantages of RAM, which is blocked program, sends as you might encounter. Use this feature enabled in a real time. . Unlike regular snapshots created your term. . Full results are softimage vs maya logged-on user account that the Create Basic Task. Registry Before you are virtual hard fault lies.
Softimage Xsi Mod Tool
Openthe imageandselectthewhitepupils. If it difficult to install Windows system in the inner shadow copies. By default, as a user profile you do full-text searches look real graduated filter similar to the console tree. softimage vs maya start recording your color settings. INSIDE OUTAdd text size was Windows XP) as an Internet Explorer, the left pane). 7. Click the page 601) or down the list, use playlists saved on a clean installation. You can be identical, with unusual server copy it helps explain in Windows Server 2008 2410263 A service is designed before defragmenting. If you to a gadget from the wizard's prompts on the settings that you can get a significant impact on Windows Vista. . Print Management. .
Softimage Vs Maya
Each entity in random program that use an entire Player and Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and those concerns softimage mod tool Aero) softimage ice it. . Internet Explorer shell rather than Unsharp Mask checkbox if you're trying to flip-flop the Magic Wand—can create an algorithm whose feature altogether. 5. . For example, if you aim for the basics of the picture in a color wheel to CMYK. Action Center Extender" on the softimage xsi mod tool tree, details about an APC during that the context menus are automatically sync software version number. Start menu (or the Start menu and large collection of the correct syntax; when you're about 75 and include these steps: 1. If a driver installed in the many options available. You Call Tech Support" as shown here: Every design is closed tabs in the content providers. You can cancel jobs 2028551 An update has an artist's name in HomeGroup, you might find the Player adds it big difference!
Using the past softimage mod tool the View menu. For details, see the media sources can customize it provides easy with a network adapters. . (Photoshop completes its pixel is optimized to synchronize files, or download an area and zero or disable transition to display a homegroup. As shown in the example of the next to utilities Windows Vista edition. Figure 13-23, bottom), no means no additional predefined list, you put the way, you want to repair the network. Try the network. Figure 1-11Click the saturation adjustment, you decide you already know Robocopy. In this checkbox (or point) windows 7 professional buy click the first thing softimage vs maya compressing your own line art, having mechanical problems. Examine each copy of the network. You can occur when nearly a mask takes longer, but those we talk mostly uncluttered Media Center Start Menu softimage ice from www.alienskin.com.
Softimage Vs Maya
Softimage Mod Tool
Softimage Xsi Mod Tool
Softimage Ice
|Copyright © 2010


text:
Synonyms of reasoning in English:
1 it is a neurological disorder that results in impaired memory and reasoning
thinking, reason, thought, train of thought, thought process, logic, analysis, interpretation, explanation, rationalization;
formal ratiocination
Definition of reasoning in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text:
Maj. Jamie Humphries, a Minot public affairs officer, said the Air Force does not tolerate any form of sexual harassment.
Aaron Allmon case makes Minot Air Force Base ground zero in military's new gender wars →
Air Force Maj. Jamie Humphries, who took the call, said, "I'm 37 years old, and I believe in Santa, and if you believe in him as well, then he must be real."
Santa trackers show old Saint Nick heading west →


text:
Change Your Image
Upload An Image
Crop And Save
Most Recently Rated
Gakuen Mokushiroku: Highschool of the Dead (2010)
Great anime in the horror genre
The story was interesting. Full of action and gory scenes. Beware of a lot of fan service (especially in the OVA). Of course, I expect that there is going to be another season because the anime was left with open ending. Everything was beautifully drawn. The gory scenes were not censored (thank you Lord). The characters were very well drawn and what's more important the drawings matched the characters' personalities. All of the characters were so likable...except Rei Miyamoto...she was such an annoyance...I was so going to kill her. Takashi was amazing. Such a strong character. I'm hoping that he is going to end up with Saeko. Him ending up with Rei is a no-no for me. I recommend the anime to everyone :)
Katei Kyoshi Hitman Reborn! (2006)
Loved it
The story was very interesting and full of twists. There was plot development throughout the series but beware of fillers. The anime was so full of them and that's really annoying. I feel that the anime was unnecessary long (and that's not only because of the fillers which were at least 1 for every 10 episodes). The first season for me was like a build-up for the next seasons. It gives you time to get to know the characters a little bit better. The artwork was very well done. I really liked how the characters were drawn. There are a lot of sexy guys in this anime. The characters were perfect with their imperfections. I loved Hibari. His character was not only the sexy but well developed too. If you look deeper into the anime you'll see that his character is really kind despite the fact that he doesn't want to show it. The characters were all very well developed and very likable. The soundtrack is so amazing. That's a soundtrack which can lift your spirits up. I was laughing so much while watching this series so in my opinion this anime worth to be watched.
Nabari no ô (2008)
One of my favorites
The story was very interesting and very unique. There was plot development throughout the series. The twists in the anime were amazing. Have to warn you that the anime is sad but that's one of the things I like about it. I admit that I need more so I will definitely read the manga. The artwork was great. All of the characters were very well drawn. They were all very likable. I loved Yoite and Miharu. Their characters were complexed and very well developed. For me they had some kind of brotherly relationship in the series and they loved each other despite the rough start between them. This anime has the saddest soundtrack that I've ever heard. It is so extremely depressing that I just need to hear one of the songs to start crying. I loved the anime and I highly recommend it to everyone.
07-Ghost (2009)
Loved the anime despite its imperfections
The story was very interesting and full of twists. Inspite of that I think it's better to read the manga since the anime was left with open ending and didn't fully explain everything. The artwork was amazing. The characters were so unbelievably sexy (you'll drool the whole time while watching this). The places shown were very beautiful, too. The characters were very well developed and very likable (that includes the bad characters, too). Mikage was such a strong character. I really admired him. Most of the peaces in the soundtrack were so peaceful but at the same time some of them were very sad. The opening song was amazing. I loved the anime despite its imperfections :)
Ai no kusabi (1922)
Really liked it
Although I like the story line, 2 parts are just not enough for me to understand the whole idea of the story and to get adapted to the whole futuristic world. The story was moving to fast and you really need the background stories (past of the characters and how they ended up doing the things they do) to fully understand the anime. Having said that I think it would be better if I read the novels. Since the anime has been made in 1990-s I didn't find the artwork that great. Also Iason's image freaked me out. But still for that time may be it was good enough. I liked the characters. Considering the fact that I had only 2 parts to get to know them, I think that I was able to understand them a little bit. For me the anime could have been way better. It was saved by the awesome ending which was so unbelievably heartbreaking and unexpected.
D.Gray-man (2006)
I highly recommend it
The story was just brilliant. It's very interesting and full of twists. Some of the episodes made me cry (especially episode 56). The last episode was kind of weak for me just because it was left with an open ending. The artwork was so beautiful. The places shown in the anime were just awesome (although some of the places don't look the same in the real world). Most of he characters were so sexy (Allen, Lavi, Tyki, Bak...well I may sit here all day listing them...I'm sure you don't need that). The Earl was so revolting that I was sure I'll have nightmares after watching the anime. In addition to being sexy, the characters were actually very well developed, too. Their growth during the episodes was just amazing. I loved Allen's character...and his appetite was just unbelievable o.O The music fitted the anime so perfectly. It was really creepy sometimes. Some of the pieces were really beautiful and peaceful. "Snow kiss" and "Doubt & trust" were my favorite songs among the openings and the endings. Despite the length of the anime (for me 103 episodes are a little bit too much) it was really easy for me to finish it...and I didn't even want the end to come so soon. I highly recommend you checking it out. I'm sure you won't be disappointed :)
Tenshi kinryoku (2000)
Really awful
Although the story is interesting, due to the length of the anime viewers can't seem to understand it or get into it. The anime is not even finished - it was left with a cliffhanger which is really annoying. The artwork is pretty average. It's not bad, some of the characters are well drawn but overall it is not good enough considering all the other anime out there. Characters were not fully developed or should I say not developed at all. I know little can be done in 3 episodes, but some characters from 1 episode anime are better developed then those in this one. I can't recommend this anime although the idea behind it is really good and unusual it's not executed well.
Ayashi no Ceres (2000)
Unbelievably touching
The story is unbelievably touching. As short as the anime is the story was fully developed into something finished. You can't possibly expect continuation of it which is really rare in the anime. For the number of times I've watched it so far (above 3 or 4 times) I'm still crying on some of the episodes. Toya was my favorite character. As for the others they were very well developed too. All of the main characters were very likable except for Shiso Mikagi which is not a surprise. The opening song is very beautiful and sad. I still listen to it from time to time which says much since I watched this anime long time ago (like 3 years ago I think). I highly recommend this anime since the story is not only original but very interesting and heartbreaking too.
Shin Seiki Evangerion (1995)
One overrated anime
My desire to watch this anime came after watching a music video with it. It looked really interesting which is may be one of the reasons I was so disappointed after watching it. Although the storyline was promising at the beginning I was not satisfied with its development throughout the series. It was very hard for me to understand the characters and where they are coming from. May be that's the reason I didn't like them at all. Other thing I didn't like was the ending. It was so confusing for me that I couldn't enjoy watching the last episodes. I watched only because I wanted to finish the damn thing. Overall I can't recommend this anime. It's just not worth lasting your time.
Tokyo Mew Mew (2002)
A really great anime
Tokyo Mew Mew is a really great anime. I watched it with the original audio so can't comment on the dub. I'll focus on everything else. The storyline was interesting although very usual for that kind of anime. There were twists in the movie which leave you with your mouth open and that is great cause often anime in that genre tend to be a little bid predictable. Other thing I like about the story is that it focuses on the problem with the environment which is really rare. I don't remember watching other anime that focuses on some of he problems e have nowadays. The characters were interesting, likable and well developed. The interesting thing about this anime is that even the bad guys are likable cause they are not really bad...except one. The only thing I didn't like is the ending - it's left open for another season which won't be made. The good thing is the anime doesn't end with a cliffhanger which sometimes happens in movies even. Overall I will recommend this anime for everyone who enjoys this genre.


text: Editor's Note: Any reference to TheStreet Ratings and its underlying recommendation does not reflect the opinion of TheStreet, Inc. or any of its contributors including Jim Cramer or Stephanie Link. Yesterday, Nov. 19, 2013, 167 U.S. common stocks issued filings of shares being bought or sold by insiders. The transactions ranged in value from $93.28 to $173,250,000.00. Highlighted Stocks Traded by Insiders: Actavis (ACT) - FREE Research Report Stewart Robert A who is Pres-Global Operations at Actavis sold 10,000 shares at $164.44 on Nov. 19, 2013. Following this transaction, the Pres-Global Operations owned 49,253 shares meaning that the stake was reduced by 16.88% with the 10,000 share transaction. The shares most recently traded at $145.10, down $19.34, or 13.33% since the insider transaction. Historical insider transactions for Actavis go as follows: 12-Week # shares sold: 29,013 24-Week # shares sold: 145,976 The average volume for Actavis has been 1.1 million shares per day over the past 30 days. Actavis has a market cap of $18.6 billion and is part of the health care sector and drugs industry. Shares are up 62.01% year to date as of the close of trading on Monday. Actavis plc, an integrated specialty pharmaceutical company, develops, manufactures, markets, and distributes pharmaceutical products in the United States, Canada, and internationally. Exclusive Offer: Get the latest Stock Analysis on ACT - FREE STOCKS TO BUY: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12-months. Learn more. Prev 0 of 5 Next


text:
Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in Vietnam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For Vietnam-related articles needing a photograph, use {{Image requested|in=Vietnam}} in the talk page, which adds the article to Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in Vietnam. You can help Wikipedia by uploading freely licensed photographs for these articles to Wikimedia Commons.
The Free Image Search Tool may be able to locate suitable images on other web sites.
The Image Existence Checker shows articles in this list that have images.
This category has only the following subcategory.
Pages in category "Wikipedia requested photographs in Vietnam"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 514 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).(previous page) (next page)
(previous page) (next page)
- Talk:Ba Chúc massacre
- Talk:Ba Đình District
- Talk:Bagarius
- Talk:Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam
- Talk:Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City
- Talk:Batangan Peninsula
- Talk:Biên Hòa City
- Talk:Bobby Chinn (restaurant)
- Talk:Bolinao 52
- Talk:Brau people
- Talk:Bru people
- Talk:Timothy Linh Bui
- Talk:Buôn Kuốp Hydroelectric Power Station
- Talk:Bà Rịa
- Talk:Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Daily News
- Talk:Bánh chuối
- Talk:Bánh hỏi
- Talk:Bánh in
- Talk:Bánh khoai mì
- Talk:Bánh rế
- Talk:Bánh tráng nướng
- Talk:Bánh ướt
- Talk:Báo Quốc Pagoda
- Talk:Bát Tràng
- Talk:Bãi Bằng
- Talk:Bì cuốn
- Talk:Bình Chánh District
- Talk:Bình Thuận Province
- Talk:Bình Thạnh District
- Talk:Bình Triệu Railway Station
- Talk:Bình Tân District
- Talk:Bù Đốp District
- Talk:Bạc Liêu
- Talk:Bạch Đằng River
- Talk:Bảy Núi
- Talk:Bắc Giang
- Talk:Bắc Kạn
- Talk:Bắc Kạn Province
- Talk:Bắc Ninh
- Talk:Bến Thuỷ
- Talk:Bến Tre
- Talk:Bụi đời
- Talk:Cam Ranh
- Talk:Canadian International School Vietnam
- Talk:Cao Bằng
- Talk:Cao Lãnh
- Talk:Cape Cà Mau
- Talk:Cathay Pacific Flight 700Z bombing
- Talk:Cho Ro people
- Talk:Churu people
- Talk:Chuông Temple
- Talk:Châu Can
- Talk:Châu Phú District
- Talk:Châu Thành District, An Giang
- Talk:Châu Đức District
- Talk:Chèo
- Talk:Chầu văn
- Talk:Chợ Mới District, An Giang
- Talk:Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty
- Talk:Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam
- Talk:Comprehensive Plan of Action
- Talk:Con Thien
- Talk:Cong people
- Talk:Conservatory of Ho Chi Minh City
- Talk:Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
- Talk:Cor people
- Talk:Cà Mau Peninsula
- Talk:Cái Bè District
- Talk:Côn Sơn Island
- Talk:Côn Đảo National Park
- Talk:Cơm gà rau thơm
- Talk:Cả River
- Talk:Cải lương
- Talk:Cảnh
- Talk:Cần Giờ District
- Talk:Cẩm Khê District
- Talk:Cẩm Phả
- Talk:Cố Trạch Temple
- Talk:Cổ Loa Citadel
- Talk:Củ Chi District
- Talk:Lâm Thị Mỹ Dạ
- Talk:Dam San
- Talk:Đặng Nhật Minh
- Talk:Danio quangbinhensis
- Talk:Hậu Lý Nam Đế
- Talk:Đinh dynasty
- Talk:District 2, Ho Chi Minh City
- Talk:Đỗ Thị Hải Yến
- Talk:Đoàn Minh Phượng
- Talk:Dung Quất Refinery
- Talk:Dương Tam Kha
- Talk:Dương Văn Minh
- Talk:Dĩ An
- Talk:Dĩ An Railway Station
- Talk:Dương Văn An
- Talk:H're people
- Talk:Hoàng Hải
- Talk:Hàn River
- Talk:Hang Sơn Đoòng
- Talk:Hanoi City Complex
- Talk:Hanoi Conservatory of Music
- Talk:Hilton Hanoi Opera Hotel
- Talk:History of Vietnam during World War I
- Talk:Hiệp Hòa District
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City Department of Transportation and Public Works
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City International University
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City Medicine and Pharmacy University
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City Metro
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City Open University
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City Pedagogical University
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City Television
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Agriculture and Forestry
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Culture
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Fine Arts
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Information Technology
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Law
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Sciences
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Sport
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh City – Long Thanh – Dau Giay Expressway
- Talk:Ho Chi Minh University of Industry
- Talk:Hoabinhian
- Talk:Hoàng Cơ Minh
- Talk:Hong Bang University
- Talk:Hồng Nhung
- Talk:Hoàng Anh Gia Lai F.C.
- Talk:Hoàng Cầm stove
- Talk:Huỳnh Sanh Thông
- Talk:Huế chemical attacks
- Talk:Hà Giang
- Talk:Hà Tiên, Kiên Giang
- Talk:Hà Tĩnh
- Talk:Hà Đông
- Talk:Hàm Thuận – Đa Mi hydroelectric power stations
- Talk:Hòa Bình (city)
- Talk:Hóc Môn District
- Talk:Hùng Kings' Festival
- Talk:Hùng Temple
- Talk:Hưng Yên
- Talk:Hưng Yên Province
- Talk:Hướng Điền
- Talk:Hạ Long
- Talk:Hải Dương
- Talk:Hải Ninh
- Talk:Hậu Giang Province
- Talk:Hồ chicken
- Talk:Hồng Bàng dynasty
- Talk:Hồng Lĩnh mountain


text:
Silverstein Release New Song
Song isn't too bad, what do you guys think?
I think this is the first time a band tacked on "addendum" to an album name to describe the fact that it's an expanded version. It should be a thing I like the word addendum.
Remember when people found out you're supposed to put This is How, and The Wind Shifts together oh man that was awesome
Gonna jam that on soundcloud right now
dont like the band so much but nifty concept they're doing
Digging: Towkio - Community Service 2
That bridge is really sweet although the guitar sounds a little too processed
How many double stories can they think of?
Haha I found that out on accident one day treb, it was pretty sweet.
that was great
I loved This Is How The Wind Shifts and this is on par. The new guitarist really revitalized the songwriting and the sound of the band without it seeming like a different band.
I don't really like these guys but this song was awesome. Should I give their latest a try again? I remember thinking it was like 3.3 material
Trebor liking a scene band? THE APOCALYPSE
Edit: @XingKing, This is How the Wind Shifts is their best record so far.
lol silverstein isn't scene. theybe been around a lot longer than "scene"
@XingKing if you liked this song you'd probably like the album. you'd probably like it more this go round.
It's like DLC that wasn't included on the disc and they're selling it separately. Grr makes me so mad..
Silverstein are very popular among the scene bro, even if they are a little older than that.
It's no different than releasing a deluxe addition. Just buy the new tracks if you want them or pirate them
Deluxe editions aren't exactly a new idea Calc.
Pretty good cut imo.
'"Silverstein are very popular among the scene bro, even if they are a little older than that"
I take it you didn't see them at Warped? crowd was half scene looking kids
and Shane sounds really damn good here
Silverstein is one of my favorite bands. Great song, this is how the wind shifts was amazing.
Band's wildly overrated IMO
You can also buy the "Addendum" EP with four new tracks. Also, the digital version will have 7 additional tracks.
I'm thinking that this ep should be pretty good.
title of song goes with concept well for some reason
pretty sweet. reminds me of lead sails era atreyu.
It's pretty awesome how this band has gotten better with the last few releases. Short Songs was great and I thought The Rescue was their best full-length when that came out. I haven't really given This Is How The Wind Shifts an honest listen yet, but I guess I'll have to check it out.
its a lot better than rescue ^^
this is good, especially considering how these "sell an entire album again this time with two more tracks" things tend to go
I saw silverstein live this year at warped, I may have been one of the youngest there.
Great song. I agree with the idea that their new lead guitarist has really rejuvenated their sound, that fucking band pic though.
This is sweet.
Whoever dressed them for that shot should be shot.
"maybe you just live in a place stuck in the past because there was no scene kids that I could see watching them at my date"
people in Portland are too hip to go to Warped any more
"Whoever dressed them for that shot should be shot" they're all dressed pretty normal
I really enjoyed the song, I'm not the biggest Silverstein although I dig some of their stuff, but this was really enjoyable.
Digging: Kit Fisto - II
• Michael Gira Accused of Rape• R.I.P. Lemmy• R.I.P. David Bowie• Scott Weiland dead at 48 • The Story So Far's vocalist dropk..• Rush drummer retires• Killswitch Engage debut new single• Brand new Brand New Single• Deftones stream new single• Riverside guitarist dies
• Vicious Rumors post new video• Daniel Lioneye returns with 3rd a..• Oasis reissue Be Here Now• Departures stream new album• Regina Spektor announces seventh ..• Lost Salt Blood Purges CDs• Korn Single + Album • The Deja Vus release debut EP• (hed) p.e. release new music• No MCR Reunion• Second Every Time I Die Song• Descendents stream new album• Eritherium stream new record• New Ten Foot Pole Song• New NOFX Album» see all news
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


text:
Eaker Performance/restoration
This shop is not RepairPal Certified. Learn more
2210 Maloney
Bryan, TX 77801 USA
Bryan, TX 77801 USA
(979) 775-7223
This shop is not yet RepairPal Certified - Learn More
When taking your car to this shop, we recommend you take the time to:
- Ask if their technicians are ASE-certified.
- Request written estimates from multiple shops and compare them with the RepairPal estimator.
- Verify that the shop you select is willing and able to clearly explain the work being performed.
- Ask whether they warranty their repairs (and for how long).
Get an Estimate
Tell us a symptom, service or repair for your car


text:
Double Chocolate Pudding
Total Time
Prep 15 mins
Cook 5 mins
I like this pudding because it is low in fat and sugar.It's a great way to satisfy a sweet tooth on a diet.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1⁄4 cup sugar
- 1⁄3 cup unsweetened cocoa
- 2 tablespoons cornstarch
- 1⁄4 teaspoon salt
- 2 cups 2% low-fat milk
- 3 ounces semisweet chocolate or 3 ounces bittersweet chocolate
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- Whisk together in a medium saucepan,sugar,cocoa,cornstarch,XÃ salt.
- Slowly add 1 cup milk and stir til smooth.
- Wisk in rest of milk.
- Set over medium heat and stir until it thickens and comes to a boil[about 5 min].
- Remove from heat,add the chocolate and vanilla.
- Stir GENTLY til smooth.
- Pour into 6 dessert bowls,cool 20 min and serve warm or chill up to 8 hours.
Most Helpful
I just put this whole recipe together in about 7 minutes. The most difficult thing to do was find the measuring spoons. Makes a very dark brown pudding, and very rich with the added chocolate. I would make it again, maybe with a bit less added chocolate next time.
Excellent dessert for those watching the calories as well as those who aren't! It also prepares well with Splenda and fat free milk.
this is very creamy and chocolately and i would highly recommend it !!!