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The Alliance has provided 400 loans for individuals and villages since 1995—totaling approximately $135,000. 91% of all loans have been repaid or are current! Last year the Alliance funded $16,000 in new village loans. The villages of Simidji, Famana, Sena, and Tentoukoro each received $4,000 for new micro-loan business ventures. Village Economic Development Committees have disseminated the funds to villagers that have submitted strong proposals for small businesses. Businesses range from raising and selling chickens, harvesting grain or cotton and producing vegetables and fruits to sell on the market. These individual loans are proving to be highly profitable. Nine villages are currently participating in the Alliance's loan program with dozens more hoping to have the opportunity in the future. The Alliance requires that all village Economic Development Committees participate in ongoing training to ensure successful loans and strong repayment. In the coming year we hope to involve more villages in our loan program!
Dear Global Givers,
The holiday season is a time to give thanks for all that we have . . . and a time to give help to those who are less fortunate than we are.
While we enjoy our holiday feasts, rural Malians fight against disease, poverty, illiteracy, and long odds to prosper or even to survive. According to UNICEF, one in every 5 Malian children does not live to see his or her fifth birthday, and only approximately 20% of those who make it to adulthood can write their own names. In this time of giving, we must look to the less fortunate and help them to overcome their arduous struggle.
The Ouelessebougou Alliance's programs are grass-roots movements that instigate social change, sustainable development and greatly increased education, as well as significant improvements in health and sanitation. Thanks to generous contributors like you, nearly 95% of the children in Ouelessebougou villages are vaccinated – twice the rate in the rest of the country; girls' enrollment in village schools where the Alliance works is 21% higher than national girls' school enrollment in Mali, thanks to Alliance workers talking to parents about the importance of educating girls and increasing the availability of education in the area; and the Alliance provides business training and the capital for micro-loans that allow villagers to become entrepreneurs. Your donation helps us continue to provide these life-changing tools in one of the worlds most impoverished rural regions, providing not only fish for a day, but also the education and training to fish for a lifetime.
Spread a little holiday cheer to Mali.
Best wishes in the holiday season and the New Year!
Josh Molina
Since 2004, the Alliance has provided $68,400 USD in capital for village loans. Since then, the capital has brought a positive return that has allowed us to loan a total of $134,868 USD to village communities; 91% of all loans have been repaid or are current.
In one specific case, the village of Dialakoro Keleya, The Alliance and local bank Kondo Djigima have lent more than 6 000 000 cfa (roughly $12000) in 3 years to the people of the village. They have distributed the money to individuals who use the funds to start or invest in small businesses, with widespread success. Some of the interests generated by these activities help pay the teachers' salaries at the village school.
Your contributions to the Ouelessebougou Alliance are part of a long-term movement towards sustainability now taking place in the Ouelessebougou region: when Alliance loans allow an entrepreneur to succeed, the entrepreneur invests some of his or her profits in the local school system, enabling future generations to develop their skills and work towards a better life. This movement is helping to create locally sustained development in future generations.
I want to thank you again for your generous donation and encourage you to consider donating again in the future, and to spread the word about our projects.
Kind regards,
Josh Molina
To address the longstanding economic hardships in Mali, the Alliance's economic development initiatives began in 1995 when small individual loans were offered to villagers in the town of Ouelessebougou. After the Alliance had provided these loans for several years, (aiding tailors, veterinarians, restaurateurs, etc.) the Alliance determined there was a greater need in the more rural village communities. In 2004, the Alliance restructured its loan program and began offering revolving loans to village committees in larger amounts—allowing for an increased profit margin. Now the Alliance's loan program reaches 15 villages. In each village an Economic Development Committee has been formed by the village chief. This committee is charged with the creation of its business plan and ensuring that the loan is paid back in full and on time.
Revolving Loans for Self-Reliance
In this year's annual assessment, only 33% of villagers said that their monthly income is sufficient to meet their needs. In order to increase financial opportunities at the individual level, many Economic Development Committees have decided to disseminate money from their village loan to village citizens for micro-finance business ventures.
Starting October 12, GlobalGiving is matching all donations at 30%, 40%, or 50%. If you've been waiting for the best moment to donate to one of our projects on Global Giving, now is the best time ever.
This is how the match percentage program works:
Donation Percentage Match
$10 - $499 30%
$500 - $999 40%
$1,000 - $2,500 50%
There is $100,000 available in matching funds. The campaign will run until Oct 21 or until matching funds run out.
So please, donate to our projects, and we also encourage you to tell your friends about this opportunity.
In addition to the match, GlobalGiving is offering a $1,000 bonus to the project that raises the most funds between October 12 - 21, and a $1,000 bonus to the project that receives donations from the most individual donors!
Project Reports on GlobalGiving are posted directly to globalgiving.org by Project Leaders as they are completed, generally every 3-4 months. To protect the integrity of these documents, GlobalGiving does not alter them; therefore you may find some language or formatting issues.
If you donate to this project or have donated to this project, you will get an e-mail when this project posts a report. You can also subscribe for reports via e-mail without donating or by subscribing to this project's RSS feed.
We'll only email you new reports and updates about this project.


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Stretford Holiday Cottages
Please find below a selection of self catering holiday cottages to rent in or near Stretford.
We're open until 9.30pm and waiting for your call:01244 356666
Please find below a selection of self catering holiday cottages to rent in or near Stretford.
Your search returned 31 cottages.
Stunning detached cottage with seven bedrooms on the outskirts of the pretty village of Stoke Prior. Ideal for family entertaining. Fireplace with woodburning stove. Pet-friendly. WiFi. Enclosed courtyard and garden. (Ref. 904281)
7 nights from £1218Book Now
Delightful semi-detached cottage on the outskirts of Stoke Prior, near Leominster. Light and airy with a well-equipped kitchen. WiFi. Pet-friendly. Wonderful for a family. Leominster 2 miles. (Ref. 904154)
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Detached cottage in the grounds of owner's home, in Woonton, near the village of Leysters. Private use of swimming pool, hot tub and sauna. WiFi. Leominster 5 miles. (Ref. 925301)
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A charming wing of the owner's farmhouse, on a working farm near Leominster. WiFi. Two double bedrooms. Dog-friendly. Many lovely walks from the doorstep. Fishing available. Leominster 5.5 miles. (Ref. 923071)
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This beautiful, detached 1930s grand residence is surrounded by extensive gardens and unspoilt countryside. With en-suite bedrooms, a games room and a choice of sitting areas, this property has something for everyone. Hereford 8 miles. (Ref. 935603)
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Charming barn conversion in tranquil area, surrounded by beautiful Herefordshire countryside. Lovely hot tub room, large garden with fire pit. WiFi. Excellent walking and cycling close to Offa's Dyke. Pembridge 2.5 miles. (Ref. 25983)
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An immaculately-presented detached cottage surrounded by beautiful countryside in the village of Monkland. Large garden with lovely views. Shared paddock for dog exercising and games. Leominster 3 miles. (Ref. 915438)
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Beautiful detached former village Post House. En-suite facilities. Two woodburning stoves. Sky TV. WiFi. Walks from the doorstep. Leominster 3 miles. (Ref. 915437)
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Unusual detached cottage near Pencombe. Spacious private accommodation in rural location. Open fire, two kitchens, large dining room for family celebrations. Ideal base for groups. Bromyard 3 miles. (Ref. 12372)
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From Our Editors
Denver Botanic Gardens houses vibrant flowers, lush vegetation, and educational activities for visitors of all ages. Native and adapted plants flourish in the York Street campus, which also houses Mordecai Children's Garden—a 3-acre lot with alpine gardens, mountain ranges, and cool bugs. The two-story waterfall at Marnie's Pavilion bursts with blooming orchids year-round, and a Japanese garden features Ponderosa pines sculpted to look like bonsai. Visitors stroll through water gardens inspired by Monet's estate at Giverny.


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Volunteers fuel IFFS, and there are many ways to lend a hand. To get started:
- Browse our many volunteer opportunities below (click on a title to read more)
- Fill out an interest form below
- Our certified Volunteer Coordinator, Dalia Place, will follow-up with scheduling information
Questions? Ask Dalia at email@example.com.
Farming and Gardening Opportunities
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Whether you are interested in volunteering solo or with a group, just one time or on a recurring basis, we'd love to have you join us in building a healthy, hunger-free NC! Fill out one form below to get started, and our certified Volunteer Coordinator, Dalia Place, will follow-up with scheduling information.
Each new volunteer MUST bring a signed & completed Volunteer Waiver Form on the day you volunteer! Download the Waiver Form in .PDF or Word Doc
When you volunteer with IFFS, you are in good hands with our Volunteers Coordinator, Dalia Place. She has worked in the field of nonprofit volunteer management since 2006 and currently serves as a board member for Durham Area Volunteer Administrators. Dalia also earned her Certificate in Volunteer Administration from the North Carolina Association of Volunteer Administration. She loves placing each volunteer with the right opportunity, so fill out our online form to get started!


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Johnson's throat slash gesture draws coach's wrath
CINCINNATI -- Chad Johnson has been warned to watch the choreography.
The trash-talking receiver who loves entertaining the crowd after a touchdown put the Cincinnati Bengals' biggest comeback of the season at risk with his latest move.
Coach Marvin Lewis castigated him on the sideline Sunday after his throat-slash gesture following a touchdown drew a 15-yard penalty. The Bengals overcame it, holding on for a 27-24 victory over Seattle.
Johnson said Wednesday that he hadn't been fined by the NFL, an indication the league accepted his explanation that it was an innocent mistake. (The NFL won't comment on such fines.)
"They would have done it already," said Johnson, who has a lot of firsthand knowledge of the league's methods for fines. "I'm sure they understand what I meant."
His head coach is less understanding.
Lewis jogged over to Johnson as he returned from the end zone after Sunday's display, and berated him at length. The first-year head coach made it sink in that every action -- even one done in fun -- has consequences.
"That's the significance of what you do," Lewis said. "We are beginning to learn that this is a team game. It's not the Chad Johnson show, it's a team game. He understands and is remorseful."
Remorseful, perhaps, but not ready to become a wallflower.
Johnson is enjoying his emergence as one of the league's top young receivers. His 53-yard touchdown catch Sunday left him with 643 yards and an 18.4-yard average per catch in seven games.
He started getting attention with his catches and his win guarantees last season, when the Bengals finished 2-14. Most of his trash talking is playful rather than malicious -- he even makes fun of himself.
Last week, Johnson suggested there's no pressure on him now that he's become the leader of the Bengals' receiving corps.
"That's just me," he said. "I worked my way from the bottom up. Every week, it's only going to get better. There are three things in life that are certain: death, taxes and not being able to cover me."
He's been fined $20,000 this season for violating the league's uniform regulations -- shirt not tucked in and so forth. He got another $5,000 fine for pretending to take a photograph in the end zone with Peter Warrick to celebrate a touchdown in Cleveland.
On Sunday at Paul Brown Stadium, he scored the go-ahead touchdown in the fourth quarter, then headed for the stands. He started to rip off his helmet -- another no-no -- to throw it into the stands, then decided against it.
So he did the throat slash gesture to tell fans he was keeping his helmet on, then jumped into the stands. An angry Lewis was waiting to meet him.
Asked what he would do if he were in Johnson's place, Lewis said, "Act like you've been there before. I don't know, I never scored a touchdown. In high school, you give the ball to the referee. I don't know what I would do."
Johnson knows what he's going to do -- keep celebrating.
"You work hard all week and get in that end zone, and that's what it's all about," he said. "Everybody has their own little thing they do.
"Last year, I was a little more humble with scoring -- just go to the sideline. This year, what's the point of working hard and getting into the end zone and not having a celebration?"
His teammates are with him on that point. Rookie receiver Kelley Washington did a squirmy move -- he calls it "The Squirrel" -- after his first NFL touchdown catch Sunday. Even quarterback Jon Kitna joined in.
"Growing up and going to the games, players always look for what players are going to do not necessarily on the play, but after the play," Washington said. "What Deion Sanders did and what Michael Irvin did -- those guys put a lot of excitement into the game."
Lewis isn't going to outlaw dancing, but he wants his players to watch their steps.
"I want them to be happy and excited and celebrate, but we don't need to do some of the things we've been doing," Lewis said. "We have to get rid of that."
This story is from ESPN.com's automated news wire. Wire index
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Jameis Winston's pro day workout wasn't exceptional, but he confirmed he's worthy of being the top pick.
- Our Hindsight Is 20/20
- As ESPN.com celebrates two decades of coverage, we rank the top players and teams of the past 20 years.
Story »
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- Mailbag: John Clayton explains why expanded playoffs are on hold and discusses overtime rules and extra points.
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- McShay: Mariota moves up in Mock Draft 4.0
- Draft: NFL comps for top prospects
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Roy Wood$ Models OVO's Spring 2016 Collection
The weather is warming, so that means a new collection from Drake's OVO brand is on the way. This time, OVO grabbed new label signee Roy Wood$ to model the whole collection of Spring 2016 pieces, and he does a fine job of imitating the other models' disaffected, expressionless looks.
Drake Teases "Room For Improvement" & "Comeback Season" Vinyl Reissues
Drake's Views from the 6 is schedule to release on April 29th. For vinyl collectors, there may be an even more exciting Drizzy release on the horizon: reissues of the the rapper's first two mixtapes: 2006's Room for Improvement and 2007's Comeback Season.
iLoveMakonnen's Departure From OVO Confirmed
In news that will surprise approximately no one, iLoveMakonnen's departure from Drake's label OVO has been confirmed. The Red Dragon, as he refers to himself, has been at odds with the label for a minute, expressing doubts in several interviews (including during our recent cover story sit-down, although none of those quotes made the final story).
Drake Announces Another Pop-Up Shop For Today In Miami
Yesterday (Apr. 18), Drake made a rare Twitter appearance to announce that Beats By Dre would be hosting a pop-up shop in NYC in support of Views from the 6. The shop was scheduled to be open for a short time at 4pm, only a couple of hours after Drake revealed the event. With the announcement, Drake shared a picture that showed the word "VIEWS" in bold letters (adorned with little eyeballs) with "Compliments of the Company" written underneath.
Skepta Says He & Drake Are Trying To Do A Collab For "Views From The 6"
We're only just a little under two weeks away from Drake's highly anticipated Views From The 6 album, which arrives April 29, yet we still don't have many details on it. Presuming that "One Dance" & "Pop Style" with Kanye West & Jay Z will be on there, it appears fans can start to look forward to a Skepta-feature as well, or at least that's what the London-based rapper thinks.
Desiigner's "Panda" Rises To Number 2 On The Billboard Hot 100
While Rihanna's "Work" hasn't shown any signs of moving from the number one spot on the Hot 100 over the past 9 weeks, big things are happening just south of its perch. Desiigner's "Panda" has miraculously moved from number 5 to number 2 this week, making it Rihanna's biggest threat.
Drake Announces "VIEWS" Event In NYC Today
With VIEWS only a few weeks away, Drake is gearing up for for release day, taking to Instagram to announce a special event in New York this afternoon. Drizzy didn't share all that much info outside of an address and a time (135 Bowery at 4PM), along with the cryptic caption, "Compliments of the Company".
Top Tracks: April 11 - April 17
Is it just me, or have the past few weeks felt like the calm before the storm? After all of the TLOP hubbub died down (this is the first week in a long time that we haven't had a Kanye solo joint in our top ten list), we've had quite a lack of releases from rap's upper echelon. Teasers, singles, and release date announcements seem to keep flooding in, but this Friday, when A$AP Ferg releases Always Strive And Prosper, things will really get cooking.
Drake Teases His Virginia Black Whiskey Brand
Last month, Drake teased his a new liquor brand he's launching called Virginia Black. Dizzy worked with Brent Hocking to create the American whiskey brand. Hocking previously created DeLeon Tequila, which he eventually sold to Diddy & Diageo.
Quentin Miller Details His Working Relationship With Drake
In a new interview with DJ Vlad, Quentin Miller spoke in detail about working with Drake on If You're Reading This It's Too Late and expressed his feelings regarding the ghostwriting "scandal."
I Got You, Fam: 10 Rapper-Athlete Bromances
The elite class of athletes and musicians share much in common -- wealth, fame, a central role in popular culture. So it should not come as a surprise that there is, generally speaking, a great mutual respect between rappers and athletes. Sometimes this respect engenders friendship. Sometimes it engenders rappers and athletes throwing each other alley-oops... on and off the court.
Meek Mill's "Dreamchasers 4" Is Dropping The Same Day As Drake's "Views From The 6"
Meek Mill is making it a tradition to drop new music at the same time as Drake. Earlier this year, he shared the second 4/4 EP right after Drake shared his "Summer Sixteen" single, upping the ante by directly responding to Drizzy's brand new song on "War Pain" (we're still not sure how he did that), and now he's got another release planned to go head to head with Drake's album, Views From The 6.
Who Had The Better Reference: Kobe Bryant Vs Steph Curry
Tonight's Jazz/Lakers game will mark the end of an era as the door closes on one of the most dominant careers in NBA history. In the 20 years Kobe Bryant's been in the league, he's shattered records, led some of the strongest squads of the 21st Century, and won five championships, making it clear that he'll be voted into the Hall Of Fame as soon as humanly possible. Before he takes the court for his 1,565th and final game, we're taking a look back on the influence his career's had on the rap game by weighing it against that of one of his heirs apparent, Golden State's Steph Curry.
14 Artists That Drake Co-Signed
A Drake co-sign will put you on the map, straight up. It's happened for many artists over the past half-decade or so. The Weeknd was only brought into the mainstream spotlight when Drake appeared on his sophomore mixtape Thursday. Migos stock skyrocketed after Drizzy jumped on "Versace." Even the likes of dancehall star Popcaan has been able to crossover into the American mainstream after garnering attention from Drake.
Drake's "Views From The 6" Will Reportedly Be Exclusive To Apple Music For The First Week
Over the weekend, Drake announced during his OVO Sound radio show that his highly anticipated Views From The 6 album will be dropping on April 29, but it appears some listeners may have to wait an extra week to hear it unfortunately.
Rihanna & Drake's "Work" Remains At #1 On Hot 100 For 8th Consecutive Week
Rihanna's "Work" is her first number one on the Hot 100 since 2012's "Diamonds," and it seems it won't be leaving the top spot without a fight. The single will be spending its 8th consecutive week atop the charts, tying Rih for the record for second-most total weeks at number one, trailing only Mariah Carey (79 weeks to Rihanna's 59). As a personal record, the song is also Rih's the second-longest running single at #1, surpassing "Umbrella" and "Love The Way You Lie" this week. "We Found Love" made it to 10 weeks atop the charts, can "Work " do the same?
Top Tracks: April 4 - April 10
On last week's edition of Top Tracks, Drake locked down the highest two spots with new leaks, and appeared once more as a guest on PartyNextDoor's "Come And See Me," which landed at number eight. If you thought that was impressive, wait til you see this week's. The 6 God controls half of this week's list, despite the fact that all versions that appear on here are unofficial leaks.
Kanye West Debuts New Song, Performs "Pop Style" For First Time
Several videos have appeared from Kanye West's first show of 2016 at the Paradise International Music Festival in the Philippines. Now, more footage from the performance has surfaced, including the debut of a never-before-heard take on "Runaway" titled (on YouTube) "I Don't Want To Be Liked." The song features some auto-tune warbling from Kanye over gospel piano.
Drake's "Views From The 6" Will Be An Apple Music Exclusive
Top artists have joined forces with the most prominent music streaming services in recent months. Rihanna and Kanye West both released their latest albums on Tidal -- and Ye even kept The Life of Pablo locked on the Jay Z-helmed platform for over a month and a half. It is known that Drake has a deal with Apple Music, though the exact terms of the partnership are unknown.
Drake Shares "Views From The 6" Release Date
Episode 19 of OVO Sound Radio just went live, and before any music was played, Drake let his fans know that Views from the 6 will be released on April 29. Oliver began the show, and he revealed that he had to pull his October Firm partner away from the studio in order to get him to partake in tonight's hosting duties -- suggesting that Drake is still busy putting the final touches on Views.


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Escape 2 IMAX
On November 1, approximately 340 parents and children from Rockland's People to People volunteer group, and families from the Hudson Valley and New Jersey chapters of Make a Wish, enjoyed a free sneak preview of Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa at the IMAX Theatre in the Palisades Center in West Nyack. Children who attended the event received Madagascar 2 limited edition hoola hoops, as well as balloon animals and face masks of Madagascar characters, in addition to having Madagascar characters painted on their faces. Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, presented on the six-story IMAX screen, enthralled the audience with larger-than-life movie images and state-of-the-art digital surround sound.
Rockland Rocks for Families
The annual Fall for Music event, sponsored by Riverspace Arts as part of its "Milk & Cookies" series, was held on Saturday, November 15. Over 300 parents and children in attendance enjoyed entertainment, including juggler Jen Slaw, and kids' rock band "The Elephant Stompers," which opened the show with hard rock versions of classic nursery rhymes.
After the performances, community volunteers served milk and cookies and sold raffle tickets, raising more than $2,000. The funds will go to the Rockland Parent-Child Center, a non-profit organization that for over 20 years has provided family support and helped address the individual challenges, circumstances, and needs facing parents with young, school age and adolescent children. The Center provides events and programs, including play and support groups, parent education workshops, and community speaker events, that help create meaningful relationships between parents and their children.
For information about Rockland Parent-Child Center: www.rocklandparentchild.org. For information about Riverspace: www.riverspace.org.
Halloween Fundraiser
It was more than just Halloween fun when the Home School Association at St. Augustine School in New City sponsored its annual Halloween Carnival on October 30. This year, the event raised $1,000 to benefit the Jesse Kaplan School, part of BOCES in Bardonia. Hosted by the eighth grade, it was truly a cooperative event. Participants enjoyed games, raffles, and refreshments, and many students and their families donated cash or prizes.
Jesse Kaplan provides special education for students with such conditions as cerebral palsy and mental retardation, and for those using wheelchairs for other reasons. Because there are some students who have photosensitive diseases, the school needed to install an awning over its playground. When the community at St. Augustine found out, they decided to help raise money to defray the cost. After their gift to Jesse Kaplan, the remaining funds will be used for a much-needed update of technology at St. Augustine.
Why We Love Being Parents in Rockland
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[photogallerylink id=57743 align=left]In a recent interview Amber Rose touched on many topics and made it clear that this would be the very last time she comments about [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Kanye West[/lastfm]! She also talks about her new song "Fame", Kim Kardashian and why she stripped at 15!
Read the entire juicy interview HERE as seen on NecoleBitchie.com
That was something I had to get off my chest in order to move on with my life, and I don't want to talk about Kanye anymore in any interviews. I don't want to talk about Kim. I just feel like the reason people ask, "Why did you wait so long to say it?" is because I never said anything about anyone for so long. I didn't say anything about myself. So, when I first started talking-even though it's a year later-people still want to know what happened [with Kanye] because I never elaborated on it.
Amber Rose is currently working on her debut album and a film called "Gang of Roses 2," which will be released on February 14.
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text: Roddy McDowall Is Pissed Off at Rock Hudson's Sexy Science ExperimentAnnalee Newitz1/30/09 8:30pm14EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideGo to permalink Mid-1970s flick Embryo is one of those gems lost to time - but no more. You must indulge in this tale of a mad scientist (Rock Hudson!) who grows a super-woman in a vat.


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My family and I stayed at this hotel for our 25th wedding anniversery and can I say that they did their best to make our anniversary a memorable one by decorating our room with flowers as I have requested them to do so. The room is beautiful, location great, service nice, staff courteous but the price I paid for my 3 day stay was a bit high for what im used to paying as I travel a fair bit. I will recommend this place based on the service and location but I guess we are in Australia and this country we pay through out teeth for everything
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Located in the heart of the city, the luxury Melbourne Marriott Hotel features exceptional facilities and service that is unparalleled amongst other Melbourne luxury hotels. Boutique in size, yet grand in style, the Marriott offers the perfect welcome. Featuring spacious rooms, starting from 36 square meters in size, our luxury Melbourne hotel's accommodations are at the center of the city's theater precinct and just minutes from the shopping delights of Bourke and Collins streets, as well as the cultural and culinary extravaganza of Chinatown, Melbourne Museum and Royal Exhibition Building. For sports enthusiasts, our hotel is a short walk from MCG and Rod Laver Arena and only a seven-minute tram ride to Etihad Stadium. And for business travelers, we offer stylish, state-of-the-art event space for up to 250 guests, as well as on-site event managers, exceptional catering and a full-service business center. Discover a leader among luxury Melbourne hotels at Marriott. ... more less
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- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Orbitz, Hotels.com, TripOnline SA, Hotwire, HotelTravel.com, Priceline, Odigeo, Travelocity, Agoda and Cheap Tickets so you can book your Melbourne Marriott Hotel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
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Les notes se basent sur un nombre total de 86 avis vérifiés
Ils ont payé. Ils ont séjourné. Nous avons vérifié.
4,4 Propreté de la chambre
4,3 Services et personnel
4,2 Confort de la chambre
4,0 Conditions de l'hôtel
Avis Expedia vérifiésIls ont payé. Ils ont séjourné. Nous avons vérifié.
par un voyageur vérifié
Publié le 9 avr. 2016
Would definitely come back. Check-in staff were incredible, the pool was nice, the room was clean and the hotel was obviously recently revamped. The bed and pillows were some of the most comfortable I've ever had in a hotel! We were driving through, and it was close to the interstate and easy to find. Small refrigerator and microwave were nice for traveling food and my re-heatable hot pack. The breakfast was FANTASTIC- again, one of the best free breakfasts I've ever had at a hotel. Biscuits and gravy and waffles, juices, milk, oatmeal, eggs, bacon... and of course coffee and hot chocolate.
Commentaire laissé par : Direction de l'hôtel
19 mai 2016 par Janet, Direction de l'hôtel
Thank you for commenting on your stay at the Fairfield Inn Moline. We are glad that we have met all your expectations and hope to see you back soon.
par Shawna
Publié le 19 févr. 2016 sur Hotels
Commentaire laissé par : Direction de l'hôtel
19 mai 2016 par Janet, Direction de l'hôtel
Thanks for rating your stay at the Fairfield Inn Moline. We are happy to here that you found your stay at the Fairfield Inn Moline very enjoyable.
par un voyageur vérifié
Publié le 14 nov. 2015 sur Hotels
Very clean and friendly staff, great breakfast but very thin ceilings made hard to sleep with feet overhead most of the night. The ac/heat was broken, as well.
par Medzit
Dirty sheetsPublié le 10 nov. 2015 sur Hotels
Booked this because I figured since it was by Marriott it might be good. I was very disappointed. Everything was perfect and I was very impressed with the lobby and hallways but as soon as we got in the room, something didn't feel right. I usually don't look at the sheets on the bed before I get into it. I stay in about 10 hotels a month. But something told me to check and there was huge dirty stains in the sheets I even took some pictures. Probably will never stay here again. I'll stick to my usual spot and pay extra $20 and have a clean atmosphere. Overall pretty dissapointed.
par un voyageur vérifié de Elkhart, IL
Great location - close to attractionsPublié le 19 oct. 2015
Les + : Close to attractions and mall also
Les - : There was a lot of kids for tournament in town - could have had extra staff to accommodate so many for breakfast
Situation : Mall across street- with awesome stores Plenty of restaurants nearby Iwireless stadium within 5 miles of hotel
My daughter and I went to a concert at the IWireless stadium - it was not too far of a jaunt to get there. Rooms were very quiet and we slept well. At first we dreaded the idea of so many kids staying there for a tournament - but heard nothing once we were settled in our room.
par Ann de Illinois
A good place to stayPublié le 13 oct. 2015 sur Hotels
Customer service was great
par un voyageur vérifié de Tabor Iowa
We enjoyed our stay! Very quiet and restful!Publié le 12 oct. 2015
Breakfast was great, staff was friendly and bed was very comfortable!
par Debra de Canton Mi
Loved it!Publié le 8 sept. 2015 sur Hotels
Perfect. Will stay again.
par un voyageur vérifié
Moline FairfieldPublié le 20 juil. 2015 sur Hotels
Went to Moline for a funeral, and staff at the Fairfield was very kind and even left a condolence card for my family and I. Rooms were clean and neat and the lobby was decent for grabbing a cup of coffee and watching the news in the morning. I would come back.
par Noah de St. Charles Il
1 night stayPublié le 13 juil. 2015 sur Hotels
This hotel needs updating badly. Matches the town. Just dated and old. Funny smell in the lobby and hallways as well. Have stayed at plenty of Fairfield Marriott's and this was one of the worst.


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Necro Overlord Mezhen
Kill Necro Overlord Mezhen. Then, return to Chieftain Ashtotem at Camp Winterhoof.
The dead ones are at Gjalerbron and they have necromancers with them?
We must eliminate the leader of these necrolords.
Do whatever it takes, <name>, but see to it that Necro Overlord Mezhen, and whatever he's attempting to accomplish, is neutralized.
We cannot afford to see the vrykul successful in whatever they are doing with these undead creatures!
Look for Mezhen on the platform in the rear right section of Gjalerbron.
You will be able to choose one appropriate item for your class from the following rewards:
|Drape of Munificence
|Dusk-Linked Leggings
|Gold-Plated Coldsteel Girdle
|Worgskin Shoulders
You will also receive:
- 13,860 experience
- 10
- 350 reputation with The Taunka


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10 reviews | 4.3 out of 5
This VGA cable is not a 15 pin cable. It is a 14 pin cable so you will only get video--no sound. A 15 pin VGA cable is required for video and sound. The advertisement for this cable leads to to believe that it is a 15 pin but it is not. I rerturned this to walmart right after I got it home and opened the package.
There is not much to say, it is a VGA cable and it does its job. Price is right!
The right cord at a very good price.


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The Wii U hasn't been selling well. The Wii U Basic set has especially not done well, since the Deluxe package offers a much better value. UK retailer ShopTo have slashed the price of the Basic 8 GB Wii U set from £249 to £199. The Premium pack still retails for £299 and includes a copy of Nintendo Land, 32 GB of storage, and some accessories as well.
Amazon UK also appears to have slashed the price of the Basic Wii U set, although not as drastically. The Basic set retails on Amazon UK for £239. Other UK retailers seem to be sticking with the original £249 price, including GAME and Tesco.
UK retailers have complained that Nintendo hasn't done enough to market the Wii U, with Tesco's Jonathan Hayes telling MCV that "Wii U has not caught the public's imagination yet", adding that Nintendo needs a "killer app" and a price cut.
Games buying manager for Sinsbury Gurdeep Hunjan offered his opinions as well, saying, "A new strategy needs to be communicated and launched for Easter, the school holidays, the summer holidays and beyond."
Everyone seems to be on the same page about what Nintendo needs to do: start promoting the Wii U. This is exactly what Wii U Daily said as well in our in-depth article.
Hopefully Nintendo listens to its retail managers — the people who actually buy the consoles and sell them to consumers.
Continue reading:
- Introducing the GameFans website!
- Nintendo releases trailer for the NES Classic
- Star Fox Zero and Star Fox Guard get free dem
- Nintendo to release 10 new Wii games on the W
TAGS: Nintendo, Nintendo UK, price cut, wii u, wii u price


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Clocky Alarm Clock on Wheels, Aqua
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- Alarm clock on wheels!
- Runs away and beeps until caught
- Strong and durable - can jump from a 3ft nightstand
- Never oversleep again!
- Needs 4 x AAA batteries (not included)
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As soon as you hit snooze, Clocky will jump off your nightstand and start wheeling and beeping around your bedroom in search of a hiding place. You'll be wide awake before you know what's hit you!
Clocky makes a great gift for anyone who finds weekday mornings a real struggle, whether that's your friend, your colleague or even your teenager.
Available in aqua, gold and chrome and takes 4 x AAA batteries (not included).
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|Length: 2:44 Mins
I bought it for my sister who thinks it's cute during the day but doesn't like chasing it in the morning. I tried to capture her on video, chasing clock in a real live morning situation, but her words were "unkind" and not suitable for an Amazon review.
This makes a cute gift for the person who has everything but likes to sleep. I hope this video gives you a better idea of how cute this thing is. (Sorry for all the jiggling around. I really have to get a camera with some kind of stabilization feature).
1. The alarm tone is adorable and (most importantly) somewhat random. Unlike the traditional Casio or Timex alarms, which sound like fire alarms, Clocky sounds like R2D2 going crazy. I hate all alarm clock sounds with a passion, but somehow I haven't been able to fall in hate with clocky. That sound is just too darned cute (and somewhat random, which helps).
2. The actual running around functionality is a little gimmocky but effective. The thing is, clocky doesn't run until after you've snoozed once, so you have incentive to get up (this can be configured from 10 to 0 minutes, thus effectively immediately buzzing and running). But overall, it works. Clocky runs until he gets stuck on a wall or a discarded bit of clothing, and makes a bunch of noise. You've got to figure out where he went and drag him back.
While I had imagined some sort of light hop to the ground, Clocky actually lands on the ground with a resounding thud. It does have 4 batteries in it. I once accidentally put clocky on the dresser over my bed, and woke to a 3 pound alarm clock falling 4 feet onto my chest. While this little thing feels hugely sturdy for an alarm clock, I can't imagine clocky would be too happy long term if you put it up more than 3 feet off the ground and had hardwood floors. Still, It's probably more safe to throw across the room than most alarm clocks.
3. They've also fixed a lot of the little problems with most clock interfaces. For one the buttons are easy to press and interact with.Read more ›
I set Clocky for snooze, now you're thinking, that is where it would fail you? Nope, Clocky only allows you to snooze ONCE! When you snooze time is up (0 - 9 minutes, you set it) the alarm goes off again and in less than 1 second he's off your bedside table roaming around your bedroom floor. The only way to turn him off? GET OUT OF BED AND CHASE HIM!
The logic is, if you have to chase the clock, you are already up... well, what can I say, IT WORKS! I actually get up ON TIME now! This clock is a life saver!
If you are wondering what Clocky sounds like... picture a very small, R2D2, or as I call him, R2D2 Jr.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
Avoid. Cheaply made, instructions in broken English - and doesn't work.Published 10 days ago by Amazon Customer
Definitely need instructions to set but overall a very good clock.Published 20 days ago by Amazon Customer
I bought this as a gag gift for a fellow co-worker who had a habit of turning alarm off and falling back to sleep which resulted in her either arriving very late or not at... Read morePublished 28 days ago by Kelly
Love it! Only bad thing is you can't snooze it longer then 9 minutes.Published 1 month ago by Amazon Customer
Fun alarm clock and tougher than I thought it would be. You still wouldn't want to put it more than a couple of feet off the floor, but it is pretty sturdy.Published 1 month ago by blundergirl565


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June 30, 2016
What veggie can I not get enough of right now?
By: Leanne Ely It's time for Tricks, Tips and a Recipe! And in honor of this most ultimate summer squash, today we're giving it the attention it deserves. Sound good? Zucchinis are packed with beta-carotene, potassium and B vitamins. They also provide fiber and a bit of Vitamin C, but a large zucchini contains only… Read more
June 16, 2016
Top Tips for Grilled Veggies and Fruits
By: Leanne Ely I shared some tips with you a couple weeks ago about grilling meats but there's more to summer barbecue season than burgers and steaks! Why turn on the stove to cook your veggies when you have a perfectly good hot grill already prepped? Never mind the fact that grilled veggies and… Read more
May 17, 2016
7 Dinner Shortcuts That Will Save You Time!
By: Leanne Ely Regardless of how you feel about cooking, nobody wants to be a slave to the kitchen. We are all so busy these days that we need as many shortcuts as we can possibly find for getting a good home-cooked meal on the table with the minimum amount of stress! It's no… Read more
May 16, 2016
Budget-friendly crock pot meals
By: Leanne Ely It seems like the more you do to feed your family properly, the harder it is to keep the grocery budget in check. Using the crock cooker is a great way to stretch a dollar for several reasons. • You can use tougher, less expensive cuts of meat • Traditional crock… Read more
May 10, 2016
Dandelion Greens…the nutritional superstar + a recipe!
By: Leanne Ely Most of us are familiar with the common yellow weed that marks the onset of spring and in many parts of the country. Dandelion greens are the enemy to gardeners everywhere, but these flower bed nuisances are actually real nutritional superstars. Dandelion greens are very high in vitamins A, B, C… Read more
April 26, 2016
Tea or smoothies? (special herb for both)
By: Leanne Ely Fresh mint is a common sight in the summertime and today you're going to get a tip, a trick and a recipe featuring this pretty little leaf! I have mint growing in my garden and let me tell you, when you plant mint, you have mint for life! Really. Mint can… Read more
April 23, 2016
Perpetual Salad! (love this idea!)
By: Leanne Ely I don't know about you, but I have a really hard time buying produce that I can easily grow myself. At my house, we eat a lot of salad. As many of you know, I serve a large green salad with almost every meal that goes on the table. All of… Read more
April 21, 2016
Time to get rid of the winter grime!
By: Leanne Ely The days are getting longer, y'all! And you know what that means? It's just about time to get those gardens in, the patio furniture out, and to tackle that spring cleaning. I like to keep a clean kitchen, but every few months I just love giving the kitchen a good scrub… Read more
April 19, 2016
What common condiment may protect against cancer?
By: Leanne Ely It's time once again for Tricks, Tips and a Recipe. Today you'll learn a tip, a trick and you'll get a great recipe to try it out with. Neat, huh? Today's focus is on: MUSTARD It's been mentioned in Sanskrit writings from 5000 years ago and in The New Testament. It… Read more
April 15, 2016
Good oil/bad oil. Now you'll know the difference.
By: Leanne Ely There is a good deal of confusion around which oils are good for cooking and which are not. Fat is essential for human health. We need fat in our diets for hormone health, cell building, energy, and even for keeping our skin in good shape. There are certain vitamins (A, D,… Read more


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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Quality of life in patients with breast cancer is an important outcome. This paper presents an extensive overview on the topic ranging from descriptive findings to clinical trials.
This was a bibliographic review of the literature covering all full publications that appeared in English language biomedical journals between 1974 and 2007. The search strategy included a combination of key words 'quality of life' and 'breast cancer' or 'breast carcinoma' in titles. A total of 971 citations were identified and after exclusion of duplicates, the abstracts of 606 citations were reviewed. Of these, meetings abstracts, editorials, brief commentaries, letters, errata and dissertation abstracts and papers that appeared online and were indexed ahead of publication were also excluded. The remaining 477 papers were examined. The major findings are summarized and presented under several headings: instruments used, validation studies, measurement issues, surgical treatment, systemic therapies, quality of life as predictor of survival, psychological distress, supportive care, symptoms and sexual functioning.
Instruments-Several valid instruments were used to measure quality of life in breast cancer patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its breast cancer specific complementary measure (EORTC QLQ-BR23) and the Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy General questionnaire (FACIT-G) and its breast cancer module (FACIT-B) were found to be the most common and well developed instruments to measure quality of life in breast cancer patients. Surgery-different surgical procedures led to relatively similar results in terms of quality of life assessments, although mastectomy patients compared to conserving surgery patients usually reported a lower body image and sexual functioning. Systemic therapies-almost all studies indicated that breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy might experience several side-effects and symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life. Adjuvant hormonal therapies also were found to have similar negative impact on quality of life, although in general they were associated with improved survival. Quality of life as predictor of survival-similar to known medical factors, quality of life data in metastatic breast cancer patients was found to be prognostic and predictive of survival time. Psychological distress-anxiety and depression were found to be common among breast cancer patients even years after the disease diagnosis and treatment. Psychological factors also were found to predict subsequent quality of life or even overall survival in breast cancer patients. Supportive care-clinical treatments to control emesis, or interventions such as counseling, providing social support and exercise could improve quality of life. Symptoms-Pain, fatigue, arm morbidity and postmenopausal symptoms were among the most common symptoms reported by breast cancer patients. As recommended, recognition and management of these symptoms is an important issue since such symptoms impair health-related quality of life. Sexual functioning-breast cancer patients especially younger patients suffer from poor sexual functioning that negatively affect quality of life.
There was quite an extensive body of the literature on quality of life in breast cancer patients. These papers have made a considerable contribution to improving breast cancer care, although their exact benefit was hard to define. However, quality of life data provided scientific evidence for clinical decision-making and conveyed helpful information concerning breast cancer patients' experiences during the course of the disease diagnosis, treatment, disease-free survival time, and recurrences; otherwise finding patient-centered solutions for evidence-based selection of optimal treatments, psychosocial interventions, patient-physician communications, allocation of resources, and indicating research priorities were impossible. It seems that more qualitative research is needed for a better understanding of the topic. In addition, issues related to the disease, its treatment side effects and symptoms, and sexual functioning should receive more attention when studying quality of life in breast cancer patients.
Health-related quality of life is now considered an important endpoint in cancer clinical trials. It has been shown that assessing quality of life in cancer patients could contribute to improved treatment and could even be as prognostic as medical factors could be prognostic [1-4]. Above all, studies of quality of life can further indicate the directions needed for more efficient treatment of cancer patients. Among the quality of life studies in cancer patients, breast cancer has received most attention for several reasons. First, the number of women with breast cancer is increasing. It has been reported that each year over 1.1 million women worldwide are diagnosed with breast cancer and 410,000 die from the disease [5]. Secondly, early detection and treatment of breast cancer have improved and survivors now live longer, so studying quality of life in this context is important. Thirdly, breast cancer affects women's identities and therefore studying quality of life for those who lose their breasts is vital. In addition, it is believed that females play important roles as partners, wives, and mothers within any family. Thus, when a woman develops breast cancer, all members of family might develop some sort of illnesses. In fact, breast cancer is a family disease. Other reasons could be added, but overall it is crucial to recognize that with increasing improvements in medicine and medical practice during recent years studying quality of life for any cancer, for any anatomical site and for either gender is considered highly relevant. A descriptive study of the published papers (230 articles) on non-biomedical outcomes (quality of life, preferences, satisfaction and economics) in breast cancer patients, covering the literature from 1990 to 2000, found that the most frequently reported outcomes were health-related quality of life (54%), followed by economic analyses (38%), and patient satisfaction (14%). Only 9% measured patient preferences [6].
Over the past 10 years, much clinical effort has been expended in the treatment of breast cancer in order to improve survival. Now the question is: to what extent have studies of quality of life in breast cancer patients added to our information or contributed to improved outcomes in breast cancer care? This is very difficult to answer, but it is possible to try to investigate the contribution of quality of life studies to breast cancer care as a whole. There are several useful review papers on quality of life in breast cancer patients. However, most published papers have either been overviews or systematic literature searches with very focused objectives. The aim of this review is to collect and examine all literature published since the topic first appeared in English language biomedical journals. It is hoped that this extensive review may contribute to existing knowledge, help both researchers and clinicians to have a better profile on the topic, and consequently aid in improving quality of life in breast cancer patients.
As part of a study on quality of life in breast cancer patients, an extensive literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Science Citation Index (ISI), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the PsycINFO, the Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), and Global Health databases. The intention was to review all full publications that have been appeared in English language biomedical journals between 1974 and 2007. The year 1974 was chosen because the first study on quality of life in breast cancer patients was published then. The search strategy included the combination of key words 'quality of life' and 'breast cancer' or 'breast carcinoma' in titles of publications. It was though that this might help to focus the investigation. It provided the initial database for the review. The initial search was carried out in early 2006 and updated twice in 2006, twice at the end of January and December 2007, and once for a final check in April 2008.
A total of 971 citations were identified and after exclusion of duplicates, the abstracts of 606 citations were reviewed. Of these, meetings abstracts, editorials, brief commentaries, letters, errata and dissertation abstracts and papers that appeared online and were indexed ahead of publication were also excluded. The remaining 477 papers were examined in this bibliographic review. The statistics are shown in Table Table11 and a chronological list of all papers is available [Additional file 1]. Here, the major findings are summarized and presented under the following headings.
There were several review papers. These were divided into two categories: overviews [7-26], and systematic reviews [27-35]. Whilst there were quite significant numbers of commentaries, some brief, a few systematic reviews with focused objectives were also identified. These are summarized in Tables Tables22 and and3.3. Both overviews and systematic reviews touched interesting topics pointed to helpful comments and findings among published papers. For instance, a paper by Rozenberg et al. [26] highlighted that most women affected by breast cancer will not die from it but from other diseases, owing to recent improvements in treatment. They also pointed out that women with breast cancer and three or more co-morbid conditions have a 20-fold higher rate of mortality from causes other than breast cancer and a 4-fold higher rate of all-cause mortality when compared with patients who have none.
Health-related quality of life in patients undergoing systemic therapy for advanced breast cancer was reviewed by Bottomley and Therasse, covering the literature from 1995 to 2001. They indicated that there were 19 studies. Among these, there were 12 studies on chemotherapy, 6 hormonal trials and 1 on biological therapy (Trastuzumab). They concluded that quality of life data provided invaluable insights into the treatment and care of patients [28].
To help the selection of optimal treatment, Goodwin et al. conducted a review of measurements of health-related quality of life in randomized clinical trials in breast cancer patients, covering the literature from 1980 to 2000. They identified a total of 256 randomized trials in breast cancer that included health-related quality of life or psychosocial outcomes. Of these, 66 trials involved randomized of different treatment options, 46 evaluated biomedical interventions and 20 evaluated psychosocial interventions. They concluded that until the results of ongoing trials are available, caution is recommended in initiating new quality of life studies unless treatment equivalence is expected or unless unique or specific issues can be addressed [30]. Similarly, Fossati's critical review of published literature on randomized clinical trials of cytotoxic or hormonal treatments of advanced breast cancer indicated that quality of life assessments added relatively little value to classical clinical endpoints [33].
Mols et al. reviewed the literature on quality of life among long-term survivors of breast cancer and found that although these patients experienced some specific problems such as a thick and painful arm and problems with sexual functioning, most reported good overall quality of life. The review also indicated that the current medical condition, amount of social support and current income level were strong positive predictors of quality of life, and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy emerged as a negative predictor. The authors concluded that focusing on the long-term effects of breast cancer is important when evaluating the full extent of treatment [34].
Grimison and Stockler reviewed quality of life in early-stage breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant systemic therapy, review of clinical randomized trials covering the literature from 1996 to 2007, and concluded that the long-term effects of chemotherapy-induced menopause and hormonal therapy on quality of life were poorly recognized. They found that vasomotor symptoms and altered sexual function were common, distressing and inadequately treated [35].
The first paper on quality of life in breast cancer patients was published in 1974. In this historical paper advanced breast cancer patients receiving adrenalectomy with chemotherapy were assessed for objective and subjective response rates, survival and quality of life. The results showed that in 64% of the patients the subjective palliation involved a return to essentially normal living during the period of improvement [36]. The second historical paper on the topic was appeared two years later, in 1976; Priestman and Baum used a linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) to measure the subjective effects of treatment in women with advanced breast cancer [37]. The results showed that this technique might be used to monitor the subjective benefit of treatment and to compare the subjective toxicities of different therapeutic regimens. The results also suggested that the subjective toxicity of cytotoxic therapy was not related to the patient's age and diminished with successive courses of drugs. However, not until the late 1980s and early 1990s was the literature gradually supplemented with papers using relatively standard and established instruments to measure quality of life in breast cancer patients.
Broadly, quality of life measures can be classified as: general, disease specific, and site-specific. Although the early studies did not use standard measures, several valid instruments for measuring quality of life in breast cancer patients have been developed in recent years. The most commonly-used instruments were: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire and its Breast Cancer supplement (EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23); the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy General Questionnaire and its Breast Cancer Supplement (FACIT-G and FACIT-B formerly FACT questionnaires); the Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Questionnaire (BCQ); the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey (SF-36). Table Table44 lists a number of most important instruments used in studies of quality of life in breast cancer patients. Almost all these instruments proved to be valid and were found to be very popular among researchers and clinicians.
Development of instruments for measuring quality of life in breast cancer patients, or cultural adaptation and validation studies of the existing instruments, was the major theme in a number of papers. These are presented in Table Table55[38-59]. A paper by Levine et al. in 1988 was the first validation study in this field. It reported a quality of life measure in breast cancer patients called the Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Questionnaire (BCQ). This is a 30-item questionnaire that focuses on loss of attractiveness, fatigue, physical symptoms, inconvenience, emotional distress and feelings of hope and support from others [35]. A few studies reported translation and validation findings for the instruments used to assess quality of life among breast cancer patients in different cultures (for example see [48,54,56]).
Papers that dealt with issues of quality of life measurement in breast cancer patients encompassed a variety of topics, mainly focusing on methodological and practical concerns in such assessment, especially in clinical settings. Most authors have tried first to convince clinicians to assess quality of life, and secondly to show how quality of life data could contribute to care and management of breast cancer patients. Table Table66 presents a summary of the results [60-84].
Breast cancer surgery including conservative surgery followed by irradiation, and modified radical mastectomy or radical mastectomy followed by immediate reconstruction is associated with different side-effects including pain, and fatigue and thus affecting quality of life in breast cancer patients. A list of studies on surgery and quality of life in breast cancer patients is given in Table Table77[85-113]
The most important topic in studies of breast cancer surgery and quality of life relates to the type of surgery. Recent findings suggest that partial and total mastectomy appear to be equivalent treatments in terms of patients' long-term quality of life. However, both short-term and long-term distress levels after partial and total mastectomy may depend on patient's age at diagnosis [93]. A study of early breast cancer patients one year after mastectomy or conservative surgery and radiation therapy found that the differences between treatment groups were mainly accounted for by adjuvant therapies. Those treated by breast conservation reported better body image but worse physical functions. The negative impact of breast cancer and its treatment was greater for younger women across a number of dimensions of quality of life measures regardless of treatment type [100].
In addition, one study found that aspects of quality of life other than body image were no better in women who underwent breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy with reconstruction than in women who had mastectomy alone. Furthermore, mastectomy with reconstruction was associated with greater mood disturbance and poorer health [101]. However, the results of a 5-year prospective study on quality of life following breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy indicated that mastectomy patients had a significantly worse body image; role and sexual functioning, and their lives were more disrupted [105]. A recent Japanese study on the early effects of surgery in patients with breast cancer performing multivariate analysis reported that there were no significant differences in quality of life before and after surgery, but quality of life was significantly better among women undergoing breast conservation than those undergoing mastectomy [111]. A study comparing the short- and long-term effects of mastectomy with reconstruction, mastectomy without reconstruction, and breast conservation therapy on aspects of psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in a sample of 258 women with breast cancer concluded that overall, the general patterns of psychosocial adjustment and quality of life were similar among the three surgery groups. In addition the study results showed that during the long-term follow-up period (6 months to 2 years after surgery), women in all three groups experienced marked improvements in psychosocial adjustment (depressive symptoms, satisfaction with chest appearance, sexual functioning) and quality of life in physical and mental health domains [113].
In order to reduce the risk of recurrence and death, breast cancer patients usually receive systemic therapies (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and biological treatments) after surgery. Several studies evaluated quality of life in breast cancer patients receiving systemic therapies. A list of studies reporting on the topic is given in Table Table88[36,37,114-169].
Chemotherapy has considerable effect on quality of life of breast cancer patients. In a study of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in primary node positive breast cancer patients (one or more axillary node), women receiving a single agent or a multi-drug regimen indicated that the treatment was 'unbearable' [114] or in a study of patients with early breast cancer receiving preoperative chemotherapy almost all patients considered chemotherapy the most 'burdensome' aspect of the treatment [116].
The side-effects of chemotherapy on quality of life in breast cancer patients were the topic of many investigations. In these studies, investigators looked at the issue from different perspectives. For instance, using a decision-analytic approach to evaluate tradeoffs between efficacy and quality of life in the choice of three adjuvant treatments (chemotherapy, surgical ovarian suppression, and medical ovarian suppression) in pre-menopausal women with newly-diagnosed, hormone-responsive early breast cancer, Elkin et al. concluded that when different treatments have similar efficacy, there may be a subgroup of women for whom quality of life considerations dominate the choice. However, they stated that small differences in the relative efficacy of these therapies have a substantial impact on treatment choice [156].
To improve clinical outcomes an international randomized controlled trial compared dose-intensive chemotherapy with standard systemic chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer and showed that a dose-intensive regimen only has a temporary effect on health-related quality of life, thus enabling more research on intensive treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer, as it might also offer a survival benefit [158].
However, recent studies focusing on adjuvant hormonal therapies (tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane) and quality of life in postmenopausal early-stage breast cancer patients reported more encouraging results. Most studies found that overall quality of life was improved in patients receiving either anstrozole or tamoxifen but patients reported different side effects [151,166]. A trial comparing tamoxifen with exemestane showed that quality of life did not change significantly in either groups, but there were improvements in endocrine-related symptoms [164].
In summary, as noted by Grimison and Stockler, for the majority of breast cancer patients most aspects of health-related quality of life recover after adjuvant chemotherapy ends without long-term effects except vasomotor symptoms and sexual dysfunction. However, tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors cause long-term effects due to vasomotor, gynecological and sexual problems [35].
Until recently, only a few studies had reported a relationship between quality of life and survival in breast cancer patients [115]. A study using the Daily Diary Card to measure quality of life in advanced breast cancer showed that the instrument offered accurate prognostic data regarding subsequent response to treatment and survival duration [170]. Similarly, Seidman et al. evaluated quality of life in two phase II clinical trials of metastatic breast cancer and found that baseline scores of two validated quality of life instruments independently predicted the overall likelihood of tumour responses [171].
Studies have shown that baseline quality of life predicts survival in advanced breast cancer but not in early stage of disease [172]. Two recently published papers also confirmed that baseline quality of life is not a prognostic factor in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. One of these two studies, using Cox survival analysis, indicated that neither health-related quality of life nor psychological status at diagnosis or 1 year later was associated with medical outcome in women with early-stage breast cancer [173]. The other study with a sample of 448 locally advanced breast cancer patients, reported that baseline health-related quality of life parameters had no prognostic value in a non-metastatic breast cancer population [174]. However, other studies have demonstrated that some aspects of quality of life data including physical health [175], pain [139,176], and loss of appetite [177] were significant prognostic factors for survival in women with advanced breast cancer. In addition, one study demonstrated that baseline physical aspects of quality of life and its changes were related to survival, but psychological and social aspects were not [178].
Women with breast cancer might develop psychological distress including anxiety and depression during diagnosis and treatment and after treatment. The psychological impact of breast cancer has received considerable attention. Since this is a separate topic, the focus here is on psychological distress as it relates to quality of life studies in breast cancer patients. Table Table99 summarizes the papers on the topic [179-210].
Psychological distress in breast cancer patients is mostly related to depression, anxiety, and low emotional functioning and almost all studies have shown that psychological distress contributed to impaired quality of life especially emotional functioning, social functioning, mental health and overall quality of life. The diagnosis of the disease, importance of fears and concerns regarding death and disease recurrence, impairment of body image, and alteration of femininity, sexuality and attractiveness are factors that can cause unexpected psychological distress even years after diagnosis and treatment [211-213].
Studies have shown that psychological factors predict subsequent quality of life [200] or even overall survival in breast cancer patients [214]. A study showed that patients with lower coping capacity reported higher prevalence of symptoms, experienced higher levels of distress, and experienced worse perceived health, which in turn decreased their quality of life [215]. Furthermore, it has been shown that psychological adjustment such as the ability to cope with the disease, treatment and effects of treatment could improve outcome. The relationship between positive thinking and longer survival and a better quality of life is well documented [216].
A variety of topics were covered to address supportive care issues in breast cancer patients. These ranged from papers on controlling emesis to papers that reported issues related to counseling, social support and exercise to improve quality of life [217-253]. The results are summarized in Table Table1010.
There were studies on breast cancer symptoms and their relationship to quality of life. Most of these studies were related to fatigue, lymphedema, pain, and menopausal symptoms. The results are summarized in Table Table1111[254-280].
Fatigue is the least definable symptom experienced by patients with breast cancer and its effect on impaired quality of life cannot be explained precisely. A recent publication studying 1,588 breast cancer patients showed that fatigue (as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30 fatigue subscale) independently predicted longer recurrence-free survival when biological factors were controlled in the analysis. When combined with the biological model, fatigue still remained a significant predictor of recurrence-free survival [214].
Breast cancer could be regarded as a disease that relates to women's identities. In this respect, sexual functioning is an important issue, especially in younger breast cancer patients. Among quality of life studies in breast cancer patients only six papers focused especially on sexual functioning [281-286]. The findings indicated that disrupted sexual functioning or unsatisfactory sexual life was related to poorer quality of life at younger age, treatment with chemotherapy, total mastectomy, emotional distress consequent on an unsatisfactory sexual life, and difficulties with partners because of sexual relationships.
This bibliographic review has provided an extensive list of studies that focused on quality of life in breast cancer patients. The article might be criticized on the grounds that it included every paper on the topic and that it provides more enumeration than insight. However, this was not an in-depth review but rather, as indicated in the title, a bibliographic investigation and descriptive in nature. The benefit of such an approach is that it reveals how much effort has been made in this area and shows the achievements of a journey that was started more than 30 years ago. If quality of life has now become an important part of breast cancer patients' care, it is due to all these efforts. Furthermore, this approach might help potential investigators to formulate new questions or conduct more focused studies on the topic in the future. It should be admitted that investigations of this type have limitations and are inconclusive. Since in this review the search strategy was limited to the key words 'quality of life' and 'breast cancer' in titles, perhaps many other papers also were missed even from enumeration. However, an up coming complementary review by the author will focus on these missing papers.
A number of studies that covered measurement issues and introduced instruments used to measure quality of life in breast cancer patients. Hopefully there is now sufficient evidence to use these valid instruments and to adopt the practices that are needed to assess quality of life in research or clinical settings. Since 1974, when the first study on quality of life in breast cancer patients was published, there has been quite impressive progress and improvement, indicating that measuring quality of life in breast cancer patients is both crucial and scientific. Now several valid instruments that capture quality of life dimensions in cancer patients in general and in breast cancer patients in particular are available. The EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-BR23, FACIT-G and FACIT-B are among the most acceptable instruments to patients and health professionals. They have been used in many studies, so it is possible to compare results between studies with similar objectives. It seems that it is time to stop developing new instruments, since there are enough valid and comprehensive measures to assess quality of life in breast cancer patients. New instruments might cause confusion and may be regarded as a waste of resources, so any such developments would need robust justification. Depending on the objectives of any single study, one might use other existing valid measures such as the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale for Breast Cancer (SLDS-BC), which can briefly and rapidly assess quality of life across the breast cancer continuum of care [287]; the Body Image After Breast Cancer Questionnaire (BIBCQ); which is a valid measure for assessing the long-term impact of breast cancer on body image [288]; and the Fallowfield's Sexual Activity Questionnaire (FSAQ), which is a useful tool for measuring sexual activity in women with cancer [289].
There were some important technical issues that should be addressed. Some believe that if we perform complex analyses of quality of life data or if we use several instruments in a single study then we might achieve more scientific results. There is evidence that this could merely lead to misleading findings and might be a source of suffering for the patients [84]. The recommendation is to analyze data in a simple way and avoid complexity. The presentation of data should be straightforward and easy to follow; otherwise those who are critical of such findings might conclude that these are manipulations of data, or they might ask whether these numbers and statistics reflect what really happens to breast cancer patients or the clinical teams that care for them. Do these figures convey difficulties that exist in treating breast cancer patients or help to manage their symptoms?
The present review covered several topics and provided tables to indicate areas that need more attention. It appears that the most common and important disease- and treatment-related side-effects and symptoms in breast cancer patients including arm morbidity, pain, fatigue and postmenopausal symptoms, are among neglected topics. As noted by Cella and Fallowfield, recognition and management of treatment-related side-effects for breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy is an important issue since such side-effects negatively affect health-related quality of life and adherences to therapy. These authors argue that adverse events constitute the main reason for non-adherence to endocrine treatment, and across all adjuvant endocrine trials regardless of the treatment, vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes are the most common side effects. Other frequently reported side-effects such as vaginal discharge, vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and arthralgia vary in prevalence between tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors [290]. It has been recommended that currently in assessing quality of life in breast cancer patients priorities should be given to cognitive functioning, menopausal symptoms, body image and long-term effects of new therapies that might cause musculoskeletal and neurological side-effects [35]. In addition, sexual functioning seems important area that needs more attention, especially for younger breast cancer survivors. It is argued that younger survivors may need interventions that specifically target their needs related to menopausal symptoms and problems with relationships, sexual functioning and body image [291].
There were few qualitative studies. Since these could provide more insight into quality of life in breast cancer patients, we need more such studies to collect data and indicate how breast cancer patients interpret life after diagnosis and during and after treatment. Breast cancer survivors even might rate their quality of life more favorably than outpatients with other common medical conditions and identify many positive aspects from the cancer experience [180]. However, it is not only the study of quality of life in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients that is necessary; studying quality of life in long-term survivors is equally important. As suggested, when assessing quality of life in breast cancer patients, the stage of disease should also be considered. There are differences in quality of life between patients with non-invasive breast cancer, newly diagnosed breast cancer and advanced local breast cancer, and disease-free breast cancer survivors, women with recurrence breast cancer, and women with advanced metastatic breast cancer [292].
There was quite an extensive body of the literature on quality of life in breast cancer patients. These papers have made a considerable contribution to improving breast cancer care, although their exact benefit was hard to define. However, quality of life data provided scientific evidence for clinical decision-making and conveyed helpful information concerning breast cancer patients' experiences during the course of the disease diagnosis, treatment, disease-free survival time, and recurrences; otherwise finding patient-centered solutions for evidence-based selection of optimal treatments, psychosocial interventions, patient-physician communications, allocation of resources, and indicating research priorities were impossible. It seems that more qualitative research is needed for a better understanding of the topic. In addition, issues related to the disease, its treatment side effects and symptoms, and sexual functioning should receive more attention when studying quality of life in breast cancer patients.
The author declares that they have no competing interests.
The author carried out this review and wrote the manuscript, and prepared all the tables and the additional file.
Quality of life in breast cancer patients. This is a chronological list of all papers that were published since 1974 to the end of year 2007 in the English biomedical journals. The list is organized for each year and only contains papers that used the word quality of life and breast cancer or breast carcinoma in their titles. The papers are sorted alphabetically.
The author wishes to thanks Dr. Elena Elkin, Dr. Lonneke van de Poll-Franse, and Dr. Su Wilson for their helpful comments on early version of the manuscript and also Mrs. T. Rostami for her secretarial assistance. This was a piece of pure academic research work and the author did not receive any financial support or grant for the study.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Chair Belinda Massafra, together with the Atlanta Symphony Associates, invite you to the 2016 Atlanta Symphony Ball, a special evening of music and celebration as we honor the Grammy® award-winning Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and its 72nd season. On Saturday, September 17th, guests can expect a new Ball experience with music, a luxurious seated dinner and can't-miss auction items. All proceeds from the Atlanta Symphony Ball benefit the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and its education and community engagement programs.
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text: home > infectious disease center > infectious disease a-z list > yellow fever index Yellow Fever Yellow FeverRelated Tools & References « Back to Yellow Fever Index Sorted Alphabetically A-Z Sort by popularity Abdominal Pain Bleeding Gums Chills Confusion Doctor: Checklist to Take To Your Doctor's Appointment Doctor: Getting the Most from Your Doctor's Appointment Fever Headache How to Choose a Doctor Jaundice Loss of Appetite Lower Back Pain Nausea Nosebleed Rectal Bleeding (Blood in Stool, Hematochezia) Seizure (Epilepsy) Vomiting Vomiting Blood Weakness Sorted by Popularity (as on MedicineNet) Sort alphabetically Nausea Rectal Bleeding (Blood in Stool, Hematochezia) Loss of Appetite Abdominal Pain Weakness Vomiting Chills Vomiting Blood Lower Back Pain Headache Confusion Nosebleed Fever Bleeding Gums Jaundice How to Choose a Doctor Seizure (Epilepsy) Doctor: Checklist to Take To Your Doctor's Appointment Doctor: Getting the Most from Your Doctor's Appointment Suggested Reading on Yellow Fever by Our Doctors Related Diseases & Conditions 13 articles Kidney Failure Kidney failure can occur from an acute event or a chronic condition or disease. Prerenal kidney failure is caused by blood loss, dehydration, medication. Blood in the Stool (Rectal Bleeding) Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding (hematochezia) refers to the passage of bright red blood from the anus. Common causes include Abdominal Pain (Causes, Remedies, Treatment) Abdominal pain can have many causes. Some of the less serious causes include bloating, gas, colitis, endometriosis, food poisoning, GERD, IBS, and ovarian Jaundice (Adults) Jaundice in adults may be caused by a variety of medical diseases or conditions. Some cases of jaundice can be managed at home with a doctor's supervision, Nosebleed Nosebleed is common in dry climates during winter months, and in hot dry climates with low humidity. Individual taking blood clotting medications, aspirin, Fever Although a fever technically is any body temperature above the normal of 98.6 F (37 C), in practice, a person is usually not considered to have a significant Headache Headaches can be divided into two categories: primary Bruises A bruise, or contusion, is caused when blood vessels Zika Virus (Zika Fever) The Zika virus is transmitted by the bite of an Seizure (Epilepsy) Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which the person has seizures. There are two kinds of seizures, focal and generalized. There are many causes of epilepsy. Nausea and Vomiting Nausea is an uneasiness of the stomach that often precedes vomiting. Nausea and vomiting are not diseases, but they are symptoms of many conditions. The Bug Bites and Stings Bug bites and stings have been known to transmit insect-borne illnesses such as West Nile virus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Lyme disease. Though Travel Medicine Travelers should prepare for their trip by visiting their physician to get the proper vaccinations and obtain the necessary medication if they have a medical Medications 0 articles Procedures & Tests 4 articles Pictures, Images & Quizzes 2 articles Doctor's & Expert's Views 1 articles Health News 9 articles Health Features 0 articles STAY INFORMED Get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox! From WebMD Infectious Disease Resources Common Signs of Hep C Is It a Cold, Strep, or Tonsillitis? Tips to Prevent Cold Sores Featured Centers Feeling Short of Breath? What to Eat When You Have Cancer Top 3 Anaphylaxis Triggers Health Solutions From Our Sponsors Frequent Constipation? Greater Food Accessibility Exclusives What Does Psoriasis Look Like? How to Prevent Muscle Cramps Blood Clot? Know the Signs and Symptoms Allergy Triggers: Do You Know Yours?


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Arshad Butt)., Associated Press
PARACHINAR, Pakistan — U.S. drones fired four missiles at a compound of a Pakistani militant commander in a northwestern tribal region on Thursday, killing 16 militants, while a pair of bombings in another part of the country killed 10 civilians and three security personnel, officials said.
A government administrator in Orakzai region, Salim Khan, said 12 insurgents were also wounded in the drone attack near Biland village bordering the North Waziristan tribal region. Three Pakistani intelligence officials said the dead and wounded men were fighters loyal to militant commander Hafiz Gul Bahadur, who is based in North Waziristan.
The officials spoke on condition of anonymity as they were not authorized to brief reporters on the record.
Although U.S. authorities often target militant hideouts in the country's North and South Waziristan tribal regions bordering Afghanistan, such strikes in other tribal regions like Orakzai are rare. The U.S. rarely discusses the unmanned drone strikes, which are part of a covert CIA program.
The strikes are extremely contentious in Pakistan, where many consider them an affront to Pakistani sovereignty. They also say the strikes kill innocent civilians, which the U.S. denies.
The Pakistani government protested to the U.S. Embassy in Islamabad about Thursday's drone strikes as well as another on Wednesday in which five people were killed.
"The embassy was informed that drone strikes on Pakistani territory were a clear violation of international law and Pakistan's sovereignty. These attacks were unacceptable to Pakistan," the Foreign Ministry said in a statement.
Washington says the strikes are an important part of battling militants in the tribal areas, where Pakistan has been unable or unwilling to do so.
The latest drone attack came hours after a bomb at a crowded market in Pakistan's restive southwestern province of Baluchistan killed 10 people. A roadside bombing elsewhere in the troubled region killed three security officials, police said.
No one immediately claimed responsibility for the bombings, but nationalists in Baluchistan have long waged a low-level insurgency to pressure the government to increase the local share of funds from resources such as natural gas that are extracted from the province.
Islamist militants, including the al-Qaida affiliated group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, also operate in Baluchistan.
The market bombing Thursday took place in the town of Sibi in Baluchistan, and it also wounded 24 people, said senior police officer, Ghulam Aali Lashari.
Lashari said the blast destroyed several shops in the town, about 150 kilometers (90 miles) east of Quetta, the provincial capital.
Hours later, a roadside bomb struck a vehicle carrying security officers in the southwestern town of Dera Bugti. That attack killed three officers and wounded two, said police officer Shehbaz Khan.
Also Thursday, gunmen kidnapped a retired Pakistani army brigadier who was working under contract with the country's intelligence agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence. The abduction took place on the outskirts of the capital, Islamabad, shortly after the officer left his home for work, said a police and a security official.
The officer's driver resisted and was shot and killed, said the two officials, who both spoke on condition anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss sensitive issues with reporters. They requested that the kidnapped officer's name be withheld because his safety could be compromised if it were disclosed.
One of the officials said the officer was working on a counterterrorism assignment but would not disclose the exact nature of the mission.
Associated Press Writers Asif Shehzad in Islamabad, Rasool Dawar in Peshawar and Abdul Sattar in Quetta contributed to this report.
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Lizbeth Clay's Profile
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Hello & welcome to Rustic Gypsy Creations. I have gathered unique beads and vintage items since I was a young girl, yet really didn't begin to create with these until later in life. For the first 30-35 years, I was so focused on making a living and paying the bills that I never took my creative impulse seriously. Yet that all changed one afternoon when I took out my long-held cherished stash and created my first necklace. It sold the next day, and my friends were asking for more! Now at age 52, creating is the foundation of my life.
Vintage and antique treasures have always held my interest. They emanate a quality and spirit that I rarely find in today's commercial world. I love crafting unique jewelry that brings these old treasures from the past into the present. They remind me of the great…
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Favorite materials
antique religious relics, salvaged antique materials, vintage materials, Swarovski crystals, vintage rhinestone and pot metal pieces, vintage watches, vintage religious medals, talismans, elements of beauty and mystery that inspire possibility and joy
- Lizbeth Clay
- Salem, VA, United States