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Welcome to Museflower Retreat & Spa, Chiang Rai
For those who are interested in wellness and love nature, Museflower Retreat & Spa is an all-inclusive cozy vegetarian natural retreat and spa center in peaceful Chiang Rai, Thailand, that offers healing, learning, and natural living practices.
At Museflower, we host yoga, meditation, spa and wellness retreats, creative workshops, trainings, vegetarian cuisine, and offer the best natural Thai spa treatments at Museflower Spa Chiang Rai.
We welcome all travelers who want a mindfully green, health-conscious wellness retreat to stay while visiting and exploring Chiang Rai.
*Please note that our Himalayan crystal swimming pool is being renovated at the moment and will be completed after August 4th, 2016. During our renovation, we offer 5% discount for all our room rates, retreat packages and spa treatments.
Upcoming Retreats
Oct 1 - 5 2016
Tammy Hayano
From the Inside Out: A Yoga, Meditation, and Wellness Retreat
This retreat offers a unique chance to experience a variety of holistic techniques to connect to your whole being and to take care of yourself.Learn More
Oct 10 - 15 2016
Michele Cempaka
Couple's Retreat - Rediscover Joy in Your Relationship
This retreat will provide you with many easy and potent tools that will help you deepen your connection with your partner.Learn More
Oct 15 - 20 2016
Michele Cempaka
Shamanic Healing Retreat - Journey into the Self
In this retreat you will go on journeys to the transcendent realms to meet your helping spirits and power animals.Learn More


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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
Galmour shots charges $75 to do this black and white with a color emphasis thing. Well, their lab does the work, and they use photoshop (amazing the information ...
I never work on the original layer, I always use a copy - you can always turn off the base layer. Make any adjustments to this layer... adjust ...
Place this layer on top and desaturate (remove all color or colour if your prefer :P). Now, using the eraser tool, remove bits of the top layer (the ...
Now you can resize, save in additional formats etc. I always do these things at the end of a session so I can utilize the history brush should ...
Photoshop: Classic Black and White photo techniques.by pazu
The Art of Black and White Digital Photographyby imjasonc
Easy "Colourized" Photos in GIMPby instructables_user_4783
Photography Tip: Taking Beautiful Photos And Editing Themby Shadow Dragon
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Parisian Valentine's Day Masquerade Ball: Ticket
The Down Town Association • New York, NY
Friday, February 14
What you get
- $25 ($50 Value) for One General Admission Ticket
- Enjoy Parlor Games; Dancing; Live Jazz, Swing, Bossa Nova & More
- Private Victorian Clubhouse Transformed into a Parisian Masquerade Ball
Spend this Valentine's Day dabbling in risqué parlor games, dancing to romantic French and American jazz tunes from the 20s, 30s, and 40s, and seductively hidden beneath a vintage mask. Use this deal to visit The Down Town Association, a private Victorian clubhouse done up in 1930s Parisian cabaret style to take part in the Parisian Valentine's Day Masquerade Ball on Friday, February 14. Make sure you bring a mask -- it's mandatory between 8 and 10 p.m. -- single guests will be given a pink rose to identify their romantic status and all night long, the ladies of The Doll Eyes promenade around the party displaying vintage lingerie fashions -- no blushing.
Parisian Valentine's Day Masquerade Ball's Website
special guests
Carte Blanche
Company XIV
The Painted Ladies Project
The Doll Eyes Collective
Samantha Siegel & Brian Lawton
Fine printREFUND POLICY: This event is nonrefundable. No full or partial refunds are given to customers who miss the event. In the event of a cancellation, your voucher will be fully refunded • Each voucher is good for 1 person • The deal is valid only for tickets on the date[s] of the event as listed and may not be exchanged or redeemed for any other dates • Groups wishing to sit together must purchase their vouchers together; seating is fulfilled with no specific priority • Purchaser may change the name of the individual retrieving tickets up to 24 hours in advance of event via the LivingSocial website event details section; no name-changes or alternate pick-ups permitted without notice at venue • Entire value must be used in a single visit
Other conditions apply
Except where noted in the fine print:
• Cannot be combined with any other offer or promotion
• Tax and gratuity are not included
• Merchant is responsible for the quality of the products or services provided to you at redemption
• LivingSocial Terms and Conditions - https://m.livingsocial.com/terms
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ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships - Australian team named
by Craig Heydon on 7 Feb 2012
Members of the 2012 Australian Youth Sailing Team Andrew Gough Photography
The 2012 Australian Youth Sailing Team that will contest the ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships has now been announced by Yachting Australia. The team features a mix of seasoned campaigners and newcomers that are now set to race in Ireland this coming July.
Australia has a proud history at the ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships and is set to send a strong team to the 2012 event to be held in Dublin, Ireland, between July 12 and 21.
New South Wales multihull skipper Paul Darmanin will be competing at his third straight ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships, having stood on the top step of the podium at his first appearance in 2010.
Darmanin will be sailing at the ISAF Youth Worlds with a new crew in 2012, teaming up with fellow Northern Beaches sailor Lucy Copeland. The two have sailed together in the past, racing in the Manly Junior class as a crew and teamed up again last year to campaign towards the 2012 ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships.
Carrie Smith and Ella Clark will be making their second appearance at the Youth Worlds with the West Australian pair finishing just off the 420 class podium in fourth last year.
Smith and Clark will not only be a year older at the 2012 event but will also bring a lot more experience to their racing having competed at the recent Perth 2011 ISAF Sailing World Championships in the larger 470 class of boat. The pair said that they took a lot out of competing in a World Championships on home waters and are now looking forward to fighting for a podium position in Dublin.
The final member of the 2012 Australian Youth Sailing Team returning for another appearance at the Youth Worlds is New South Wales windsurfer Annalise Gilbert.
Gilbert competed at the 2011 event in Croatia and also raced at the Perth 2011 ISAF Sailing World Championships last December, her first windsurfing World Championship event.
Fellow New South Wales sailor Sam Treharne will race in the windsurfer boy's class, making his first appearance at the ISAF Youth Worlds.
Treharne was unstoppable at the recent OAMPS Insurance Brokers Australian Youth Championships, winning nine of the 10 races in Brisbane.
Tom Klemens and James Oliver will contest the 420 boy's class with the Victorian pair heading to their first Youth Worlds together since teaming up last year.
The pair were fierce rivals in the past when competing in junior classes and gelled instantly as a team in the 420, making their international debut at the 2011 420 European Championships in Portugal. Tom, who is a member of the Sorrento Sailing and Couta Boat Club, will be the first member from the club to compete at the ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships.
Australia will be represented in the 29er fleet by Queenslanders Tom Siganto and Joel Turner who were consistently at the front of the fleet at the recent Australian Youth Championships, winning five of the 10 races and never finishing outside the top six.
West Australian sailor Mark Spearman will represent Australia in the Laser Radial boy's class at his first ISAF Youth Worlds though it won't be the first time that Spearman has sailed for his country, having raced at the Singapore 2008 Youth Olympic Games.
Louise Evans will race in the Laser Radial girl's class with the Queenslander coming from behind to secure her spot on the Australian Youth Sailing Team in the final race of the Australian Youth Championships.
The team will be supported by three coaches with Brendan Todd, Tessa Parkinson and Ben Callard all making the trip to Dublin.
Brendan Todd will be the team leader, 29er and RS:X coach and has success as an athlete and coach at the ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships. Todd competed at the event in 1989 and 1991 in the windsurfer class, winning Silver in 1991, and returning as a coach in 2000, 2001 and 2005. Todd also represented Australia at the Atlanta 1996 Olympic Games where he finished eighth.
West Australian Tessa Parkinson will coach the 420 and multihull classes, having won Gold at the event in the 420 class with Elise Rechichi in Poland in 2004. Parkinson and Rechichi went on to win Gold at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games in the 470 class.
Ben Callard will coach the two Laser Radial classes with the Queenslander having worked closely with both Mark Spearman and Louise Evans in the past. Callard was also the coach of the Australian team at the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games.
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Does thrush cause diaper rash?
Since the diaper area is almost always dark, moist, and warm, it becomes an ideal place for yeast to over-colonize and become a problem for the newborn. The skin becomes irritated and the tissue around the rectum begins to break down causing a very characteristic rash. One of the obvious signs of thrush in babies is the presence of a rash that is red or very bright pink with classic red or white raised pustules or bumps. The thrush rash is usually very well defined or localized, but may occasionally spread out and become diffused throughout diaper as well as genital area.


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Portal:Theatre/Selected biography
The layout design for these subpages is at Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/Layout.
- Add a new Selected article to the next available subpage.
- The list should only contain articles that have been given a quality rating of Wikipedia:Featured articles.
- The "blurb" for all selected articles should be approximately 10 lines, for appropriate formatting in the portal main page.
- Update "max=" to new total for its {{Random portal component}} on the main page.
Selected biographies list[edit]
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/1
Anton Chekhov was a Russian physician, short story writer, and playwright. His brief playwriting career produced four classics of the repertoire, while his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Chekhov practised as a doctor throughout his literary career: "Medicine is my lawful wife," he once said, "and literature is my mistress". Chekhov renounced the theatre after the disastrous reception of The Seagull in 1896; but the play was revived to acclaim by Konstantin Stanislavski's Moscow Art Theatre, which subsequently also produced Uncle Vanya and premiered Chekhov's last two plays, The Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard. These four works present a special challenge to an acting ensemble, and they also challenge audiences, because in place of conventional action Chekhov offers a "theatre of mood" and a "submerged life in the text". Not everyone appreciated that challenge: Leo Tolstoy reportedly told Chekhov, "You know, I cannot abide Shakespeare, but your plays are even worse". Tolstoy did, however, admire Chekhov's short stories. Chekhov had at first written stories only for the money, but as his artistic ambition grew, he made formal innovations which have influenced the evolution of the modern short story. His originality consists in an early use of the stream-of-consciousness technique, later exploited by Virginia Woolf and other modernists, combined with a disavowal of the moral finality of traditional story structure.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/2
Colley Cibber was an English actor-manager, playwright, and Poet Laureate. His colorful Apology for the Life of Colley Cibber (1740) started a British tradition of personal, anecdotal, and even rambling autobiography. He wrote some plays for performance by his own company at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and adapted many more from various sources, receiving frequent criticism for "miserable mutilation" of dramatists like Shakespeare and Molière. He regarded himself as first and foremost an actor and had great popular success in comical fop parts. Cibber's brash, extroverted personality did not sit well with his contemporaries, and he was frequently accused of tasteless theatrical productions, social and political opportunism, and shady business methods. He rose to herostratic fame when he became the chief target, the head Dunce, of Alexander Pope's satirical poem The Dunciad. Cibber's importance in British theatre history rests on his being the first in a long line of actor-managers, and on the value of his autobiography as a source for our knowledge of the 18th-century London stage.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/3
John Millington Synge was an Irish dramatist, poet, prose writer, and collector of folklore. He was a key figure in the Irish Literary Revival and was one of the cofounders of the Abbey Theatre. He is best known for the play The Playboy of the Western World, which caused riots in Dublin during its opening run at the Abbey. Although he came from a middle-class Protestant background, Synge's writings are mainly concerned with the world of the Roman Catholic peasants of rural Ireland and with what he saw as the essential paganism of their world view. Synge suffered from Hodgkin's disease, a form of cancer that was untreatable at the time. He died just weeks short of his 38th birthday and was at the time trying to complete his last play Deirdre of the Sorrows.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/4
W. S. Gilbert was an English dramatist, librettist and illustrator best known for his fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan. Gilbert's most popular collaborations with Sullivan, including H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and The Mikado (one of the most frequently performed works in the history of musical theatre) and most of their other Savoy operas continue to be performed regularly today throughout the English-speaking world and beyond by opera companies, repertory companies, schools and community theatre groups. Lines from these works have permanently entered the English language, including "short, sharp shock", "What never? Well, hardly ever!", and "let the punishment fit the crime". Gilbert also wrote the Bab Ballads, an extensive collection of light verse accompanied by his own comical drawings. His creative output included over 75 plays and libretti, numerous stories, poems, lyrics and various other comic and serious pieces. His plays and realistic style of stage direction inspired other dramatists, including Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/5
Isabella Augusta, Lady Gregory (1852 - 1932), née Isabella Augusta Persse, was an Irish dramatist and folklorist. With William Butler Yeats and others, she co-founded the Irish Literary Theatre and the Abbey Theatre, and wrote numerous short works for both companies. Lady Gregory produced a number of books of retellings of stories taken from Irish mythology. Born into a class that identified closely with British rule, her conversion to cultural nationalism, as evidenced by her writings, was emblematic of many of the changes to occur in Ireland during her lifetime. Lady Gregory is mainly remembered for her work behind Irish Literary Revival. Her home at Coole Park, County Galway served as an important meeting place for leading Revival figures, and her early work as a member of the board of the Abbey was at least as important for the theatre's development as her creative writings. Lady Gregory's motto was taken from Aristotle: "To think like a wise man, but to express oneself like the common people."
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/6
Sir John Vanbrugh was an English architect and dramatist, best known as the designer of Blenheim Palace. He wrote two argumentative and outspoken Restoration comedies, The Relapse (1696) and The Provoked Wife (1697), which have become enduring stage favourites but originally occasioned much controversy. Vanbrugh was in many senses a radical throughout his life. As a young man and a committed Whig, he was part of the scheme to overthrow James II, put William III on the throne and protect English parliamentary democracy, dangerous undertakings which landed him in the dreaded Bastille of Paris as a political prisoner. In his career as a playwright, he offended many sections of Restoration and 18th-century society, not only by the sexual explicitness of his plays, but by their messages in defence of women's rights in marriage. His architectural work was as bold and daring as his early political activism and his marriage-themed plays, and jarred conservative opinions on the subject.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/7
Samuel Barclay Beckett (1906 - 1989) was an Irish writer, dramatist and poet. Beckett's work is stark and fundamentally minimalist. As a student, assistant, and friend of James Joyce, Beckett is considered by many one of the last modernists; as an inspiration to many later writers, he is sometimes considered one of the first postmodernists. He is also considered one of the key writers in what Martin Esslin called "Theatre of the Absurd". He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1969 "for his writing, which—in new forms for the novel and drama—in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation". Beckett was elected Saoi of Aosdána in 1984. He died in Paris of respiratory problems.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/8
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, now widely regarded as the greatest writer of the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1590 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. Next he wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, producing plays, such as Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime; and in 1623, two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's. Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day; but his reputation would not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/9
Vivien Leigh was an English theatre and film actress. Although her film appearances were relatively few, she won two Academy Awards playing "Southern belles", Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire, a role she had also played in London's West End. She was a prolific stage performer, frequently in collaboration with her husband, Laurence Olivier, who directed her in several of her roles. During her thirty-year stage career, she played parts that ranged from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia, Cleopatra, Juliet and Lady Macbeth. Lauded for her beauty, Leigh felt that it sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress, but ill health proved to be her greatest obstacle. Affected by bipolar disorder for most of her adult life, she gained a reputation for being difficult, and her career went through periods of decline. She was further weakened by recurrent bouts of tuberculosis, which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s. She and Olivier divorced in 1960, and Leigh worked sporadically in film and theatre until her death from tuberculosis.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/10
Cillian Murphy is an Irish film and theatre actor active since 1996. He is often noted by critics for chameleonic performances in diverse roles, as well as for his distinctive blue eyes. A native of Cork, Murphy began his performing career as a rock musician. After turning down a record deal, he made his professional acting debut in the play Disco Pigs. He went on to star in a number of Irish and UK film and stage productions throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, first coming to international attention in 2003 as the hero in the post-apocalyptic film 28 Days Later. Murphy's best known roles are as villains in two 2005 blockbusters: the Scarecrow in superhero film Batman Begins, and Jackson Rippner in the thriller Red Eye. Next came two contrasting, widely acclaimed starring roles: his Golden Globe Award-nominated performance as transgender outcast "Kitten" in 2005's Breakfast on Pluto and a turn as a 1920s Irish revolutionary in 2006 Palme d'Or winner The Wind That Shakes the Barley. 2007 saw Murphy on the London stage in Love Song and onscreen in science fiction film Sunshine. Uncomfortable on the celebrity circuit, he customarily gives interviews about his work, but does not appear on television talk shows or discuss details of his private life with the press.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/11
William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet, dramatist, mystic and public figure. Yeats was one of the driving forces behind the Irish Literary Revival and was co-founder of the Abbey Theatre. His early work tended towards a romantic lushness and dreamlike quality best described by the title of his 1893 collection The Celtic Twilight, but in his forties, inspired by his relationships with modernist poets such as Ezra Pound and his active involvement in Irish nationalism, he moved towards a harder, more modern style. As well as his role as member of the board of the Abbey, Yeats served as an Irish Senator. He took his role as a public figure seriously and was a reasonably hard-working member of the Seanad. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923 for what the Nobel Committee described as "his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation".
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/12
Bette Davis was a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress of film, television and theatre. Noted for her willingness to play unsympathetic characters, she was highly regarded for her performances in a range of film genres, from contemporary crime melodramas to historical and period films and occasional comedies, though her greatest successes were romantic dramas. Until the late 1940s, she was one of American cinema's most celebrated leading actresses, known for her forceful and intense style. Her forthright manner, clipped vocal style and ubiquitous cigarette contributed to a public persona which has often been imitated and satirized. Davis was the co-founder of the Hollywood Canteen, and was the first female president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Her career went through several periods of decline, and she admitted that her success had often been at the expense of her personal relationships. Married four times, she was once widowed and thrice divorced, and raised her children as a single parent. Her final years were marred by a long period of ill health, however she continued acting until shortly before her death from breast cancer, with more than a hundred film, television and theater roles to her credit. In 1999, Davis was placed second, behind Katharine Hepburn, on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest female stars of all time.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/13
Judy Garland (1922–1969) was an American actress and singer. Through a career that spanned 45 of her 47 years, Garland attained international stardom as an actress in both musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist and on the concert stage. Respected for her versatility, she won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for her work in films, Grammy Awards and a Tony Award. After appearing in vaudeville with her sisters, Garland was signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager. There she made more than two dozen films, including nine with Mickey Rooney, and the film with which she would be most identified, The Wizard of Oz (1939). After 15 years, Garland was released from the studio but gained renewed success through record-breaking concert appearances, including a critically acclaimed Carnegie Hall concert, a well-regarded but short-lived television series and a return to film acting beginning with A Star Is Born (1954). Despite her professional triumphs, Garland battled personal problems throughout her life, and attempted suicide on a number of occasions. Garland died of an accidental drug overdose at the age of forty-seven, leaving children Liza Minnelli, Lorna Luft and Joey Luft. In 1999, the American Film Institute placed her among the ten greatest female stars in the history of American cinema.
Portal:Theatre/Selected biography/14
Dmitri Shostakovich was a Russian composer of the Soviet period. He is best known for his satirical opera The Nose, (based on the story by Gogol) and his cycles of symphonies and string quartets, 15 of each. Since his death in 1975, reports about his true personal opinions about life in the USSR have been controversial. While he outwardly conformed with the state and was a public face for state-crafted propaganda, it is now widely known that he deeply disliked the Soviet regime —a view confirmed by his family, by private letters to Isaak Glikman, and the satirical cantata "Anti-formalist Rayok", which ridiculed the "anti-formalism" campaign in Soviet arts and was known only to his closest friends until after his death.
- Adding articles
- Feel free to add Featured quality Theatre articles to the above list.
- See also Portal:Theatre/Featured content
- If you are unsure or do not know how to add an entry, feel free to post a question, suggestion or nomination here below, or at the talk page Portal talk:Theatre.


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Albany Ford Sales Reviews
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Benjamin sold me the 2013 Taurus.
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This is the story, in brief...
I was born in 1972 in Bologna, Italy. Got a diploma in computer programming at the age of 18 and then decided to try to make my way as a musician, but I soon discovered that trying to make music in Italy is not a good way to pay the bills - unless you like to make songs about love and romantic stuff of course - so I decided to take advantage of my diploma and entered in the IT industry. I've been mainly working as a system administrator since then.
To satisfy the more creative part of my personality, I am currently co-owning a communication agency and love to do some amateur writing. To take care of my strong hacking attitude I am into watchmaking.
I use to relax playing chess and doing some other things...
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3-in-1 Jump Starter
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The King-Chavez Community Vaqueros soccer team won Tuesday's away conference game against High Tech CV by a score of 1-0.
(January 31, 2012: Chula Vista, CA 91915) In Tuesday's league game, the King-Chavez Community Vaqueros (San Diego, CA) soccer squad tipped the host High Tech Bruins (Chula Vista, CA), by a final score of 1-0.
The Vaqueros (8-7) will now prepare for their game against Gompers Prep Academy (San Diego, CA). The Eagles go into the game with a 4-1 record.
The Bruins (7-4) will now prepare for their game against Rock Academy (San Diego, CA). The Warrior go into the Frontier game with a 1-9 record.


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Larry & Nancy Brooks
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We are both members of the Topeka Genealogical Society in Topeka, KS and enjoy researching our family's history.
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Becky Garretson Perigo
RE: Josiah Penrose Garretson
I have many photos on my iPad but need to speak with my dad and make sure that I give you the right names with them. I'd also like to send you the transcription of Josiah's diary, he talks about his brother Ben being shot in the head and making arrangements for him. Ben was originally in a hospital in the DC area but Josiah had him transferred to the hospital in Philadelphia where Josiah recovered from his illness. Over the winter we traveled to Petersburg where Ben was shot and have photos of the monument for his Unit. My dad has so much amazing info and I just work to fill in the blanks.
Is the email listed on your Find A Grave account correct? I'll make sure to email everything there.
Added by
Becky Garretson Perigo
on Jun 06, 2016 9:53 AM
Laura Moore
Ruth Lutes
Good day. Would you please add the following data to Mrs. Lutes Find A Grave memorial? It is Mr. Lutes wishes that this information be added to her record.
Full name: Ruth Margaret Biggerstaff
Born: 12 Aug 1918 Caldwell, Sumner Co., Kansas
Died: 14 May 1997 Topeka, Shawnee Co., Kansas
Obituary to follow - I just don't know how to attach a photo to messages in Find A Grave yet.
Thank you for your assistance, time and willingness to volunteer to record such priceless information and pieces of our lives.
Respectfully, Laura L Moore - Friend of Mr.Lutes.
Reference - Ruth Lutes is located in Penwell-Gabel Cemetery and Mausoleum Plot: A-Acacia Lawn, Lot 317, sp 1A
Added by
Laura Moore
on May 31, 2016 10:40 AM
Becky Garretson Perigo
Josiah Penrose Garretson
Hi Nancy,
I stumble across your name often and know we're cousins but am trying to decide how. Josiah is my GG Grandfather. Then I come down through his son Charles, Charles' son Clint, and then my dad Charles. I want to guess your line came through Nate & Nellie or George. How are we related? My dad grew up in Ferndale and his dad Clint grew up in Johnstown. Im still in Somerset County. Dad has many old photos and I may be able to send copies of what we have.
Added by
Becky Garretson Perigo
on May 25, 2016 10:56 AM
Luella Hinrichsen
Your Edits
Hi Larry & Nancy, Thanks for sending the edits, always happy when more can be added & is so simple now. You can send obits to Suggest A Correction if you have them. :) Luella
Added by
Luella Hinrichsen
on Mar 24, 2016 6:08 PM
Thomas Gartner
John Allen
Thank you for posting the info on John Allen (1823-1912)in Lynn Creek Cemetery. He was my great-great-grandfather (pretty sure this is the right John Allen.) I see that the headstone is in an Allen family plot and just says "Father." I was curious to know if there is a stone in the plot for "Mother"... that would be his wife, Elizabeth (Kirk)Allen, who died in 1911, and whose grave I have not been able to locate.
Tom Gartner
Added by
Thomas Gartner
on Dec 28, 2015 7:13 PM
Karen L.(Gregory) Largent
RE: Alonzo Hancock
Nancy, No Alonzo was a man, but his stone sure looks like it says Alonza. It's so strange.
Could it have been a mistake?
Those wild and crazy Quakers. LOL!
I'll have to ask my uncle about it. He is having
his Hancock genealogy book printed right now.
He'll probably know.
Thanks for the transfer, I'll let you know what i
find out.
Added by
Karen L.(Gregory) Largen...
on Oct 29, 2015 10:47 AM
Charles W. Walker
Thank you so much for the article & the correct dates. I so appreciate your patience in this endeavor. You don't happen to have his wife, Ollie's obituary, do you? Or his son, Jack Junior Walker. Jack was my brother in law, but I didn't do Find A Grave at that time..
If you don't, it's all good. I'll figure something out. :)
Best regards,
Added by
on Sep 28, 2015 12:46 PM
Ann Jarmer
Harvey Benham
I am looking for family of Henry Benham (one of the memorials you manage. My Great Grandfather and Henry were best friends as teenagers and I have a picture of the both of them together. Just thought I would let you know in case a family member contacts you.
Added by
Ann Jarmer
on May 25, 2015 10:29 PM
William Ross
I'm a cousin...
My dad was John W Ross. I think I may have
met you one time when I was a kid, Nancy. Just wanted to say thank you for keeping our family history alive.
The Turkey Farm is now closed. A Sad day, but life must always go on.
I love all the photos you have posted. I'm amazed at the strong line of genetics that have run through our family. I remeber your mother quite fondly...what a character she was!!
Feel free to contact me via e-mail or phone. 646-761-5052
Added by
William Ross
on Feb 25, 2015 3:48 AM
Joanne (Curless) James
William G. Haggle is buried at the Wolf river in Brown county, not this one.
Added by
Joanne (Curless) James
on Jan 11, 2015 11:22 AM
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Today at the Disneyland Resort, Mon., Nov. 12
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A prestigious five star hotel in Mumbai has allegedly offered the Barbie diva Katrina Kaif a whopping 2 crores for a mere 18 minutes of performance at their New Years bash.
Editors: Hershi & Naseem
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Astronomers spot unique 'cosmic sprinkler' nebula with two stars at its centre
- Find described as 'one of the most remarkable examples of a planetary nebula'
Astronomers using ESO's Very Large Telescope have discovered a pair of stars orbiting each other at the centre of one of a unique 'cosmic sprinkler.
Astronomers say the discovery is one the most remarkable examples of a planetary nebula ever seen.
It also proves a long-debated theory about what controls the spectacular and symmetric appearance of the material flung out into space.
The 'cosmic sprinkler' planetary nebula Fleming 1 in the constellation of Centaurus. It is a glowing cloud of gas around a dying star.
Fleming 1 is located in the southern constellation of Centaurus (The Centaur).
It was discovered just over a century ago by Williamina Fleming, a former maid who was hired by Harvard College Observatory after showing an aptitude for astronomy.
During her time she discovered — and was credited for — numerous astronomical objects, including 59 gaseous nebulae, over 310 variable stars, and 10 novae
When a star with a mass up to eight times that of the Sun approaches the end of its life, it blows off its outer shells and begins to lose mass, the researchers say.
This allows the hot, inner core of the star to radiate strongly, causing this outward-moving cocoon of gas to glow brightly as a planetary nebula.
While stars are spherical, many of these planetary nebulae are strikingly complex, with knots, filaments, and intense jets of material forming intricate patterns.
Astronomers have long debated how these symmetric jets could be created, but until now no consensus has been reached.
'The origin of the beautiful and intricate shapes of Fleming 1 and similar objects has been controversial for many decades,' says Henri Boffin, who led the team.
'Astronomers have suggested a binary
star before, but it was always thought that in this case the pair would
be well separated, with an orbital period of tens of years or longer.
'Thanks to our models and
observations, which let us examine this unusual system in great detail
and peer right into the heart of the nebula, we found the pair to be
several thousand times closer.'
The new research combined new Very Large Telescope (VLT) observations of Fleming 1 with existing computer modelling to explain in detail for the first time how these bizarre shapes came about.
This map shows most of the stars visible to the unaided eye under good conditions, and the location of the nebula is highlighted with a red circle on the image. It can only be seen with larger amateur telescopes.
The team used ESO's VLT to study the light coming from the central star.
They found that Fleming 1 is likely to have not one but two white dwarfs at its centre, circling each other every 1.2 days.
Although binary stars have been found at the hearts of planetary nebulae before, systems with two white dwarfs orbiting each other are very rare.
'This is the most comprehensive case yet of a binary central star for which simulations have correctly predicted how it shaped the surrounding nebula — and in a truly spectacular fashion,' explains co-author Brent Miszalski, from SAAO and SALT (South Africa).
The pair of stars in the middle of this nebula is vital to explain its observed structure.
As the stars aged, they expanded, and
for part of this time, one acted as a stellar vampire, sucking material
from its companion.
This material then flowed in towards the vampire, encircling it with a disc known as an accretion disc.
As the two stars orbited one another, they both interacted with this disc and caused it to behave like a wobbling spinning top — a type of motion called precession
The deep images from the VLT have also led to the discovery of a knotted ring of material within the inner nebula.
Such a ring of material is also known to exist in other families of binary systems, and appears to be a telltale signature of the presence of a stellar couple.
This artist's impression shows how the two stars at the heart of a planetary nebula like Fleming 1 can control the creation of the spectacular jets of material ejected from the object.
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Gypsy horse
|Distinguishing features
|Cob conformation, often piebald or skewbald, feathered heels
|Alternative names
|Country of origin
|Ireland, United Kingdom
|Common nicknames
|Gypsy (USA), Tinker (Europe)
|Breed standards
|Gypsy Vanner Horse Society (USA)
|Breed standards
|Irish Cob Society (Ireland, UK)
|Breed standards
|Gypsy Cob and Drum Horse Association (USA)
|Breed standards
|Gypsy Horse Registry of America (USA)
|Breed standards
|Gypsy Horse Association (USA)
|Breed standards
|Australasian Gypsy Horse Society
|Breed standards
|Equus ferus caballus
The Irish Cob or Coloured Cob, known as the Gypsy Horse or Gypsy Vanner in the United States, is a type or breed of domestic horse from the British Isles. It a small, solidly-built horse of cob conformation and is often, but not always, piebald or skewbald. It is the only broken-coloured horse breed of the British Isles, and is particularly associated with the Pavee and Roma travelling peoples of Britain and Ireland. There was no stud-book or breed association for horses of this type until 1996.[1] It is now considered a breed[1] and can be registered with a number of breed associations.[a] Other names for this breed include Gypsy Cob and Tinker Horse. The Drum Horse is similar in appearance, but larger.
The Gypsy Cob Register of the UK & Ireland is the only registry that is run by the Travelling Community themselves.
From about 1850 travelling people in the British Isles began to use a distinct type of horse to pull their vardos, the caravans in which they had just begun to live and travel. The colour and look of the breed were refined in the years after the Second World War. Horses of this type were first exported to the United States in 1996.
The Gypsy horse is usually, but not always, piebald.[11] It may also be skewbald or any solid colour; a solid-coloured horse with white splashing on the underbelly is called "blagdon" or "splashed".[12] There is no coat colour requirement in the breed standard of the Gypsy Cob Register, Irish Cob Society,[12]Gypsy Vanner Horse Society,[13] Gypsy Horse Registry of America, [14] or Australasian Gypsy Horse Society.[15] Since the horse originates in the British Isles, British colour names may be used in registration in the United States.[13][16]
There are many breed societies for the Gypsy horse, with mostly minor variations in their respective breed standards. The range of desired heights is generally from 13 to 16 hands (52 to 64 inches, 132 to 163 cm) in the United States and Australasia,[16][15] but in Ireland and continental Europe, the desired height limit goes up to 16.2 hands (66 inches, 168 cm) for some types and they permit both lighter-boned as well as larger horses than typically desired by the American organisations.[12][12][17][17] [b] Some stud-books have different categories: The Gypsy Horse Registry of America has two height classifications: Section A for purebred horses under 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm) and Section B for purebred horses 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm) and over. Its Section C is for Gypsy Crossbred horses.[20] The Netherlands stud-book for Gypsy horses, the Nederlands Stamboek voor Tinkers, identified there as the "Tinker horse," classifies horses into three groups: "cob," "vanner," and "grai," based on height in metres and degree of refinement. The cob type is approximately 14.3 to 15.1 hands (59 to 61 inches, 150 to 155 cm), and the vanner 15.1 to 16.2 hands (61 to 66 inches, 155 to 168 cm). The more refined "grai" may be of any size but is typically within the 14.3- to 16.2-hand range.[17]
Feathering or "Feather", long hair starting below the knee of the front legs and the hock of the hind legs and running down the leg to flow over the front and back of the hooves, is a highly valued attribute of the Gypsy Horse.[13][16][14] Silky straight hair and feather are desirable, though somewhat coarser and even wavy hair and feather are permitted.[15] Kinky hair, however, is considered to be a fault.[13] Feathering is not a requirement for registration with the Irish Cob Society, which, however, considers feathering a "characteristic and decorative feature of the Irish Cob breed"; the standard states: "[l]eg hair/feathering, should at the very least, fall from the back of the knees and hocks, down to a thick covering of hair/feathers on the heels. Leg hair/feathering should also fall over the front of the hoof, from at least the coronet."[12][c]
A Gypsy Horse's facial profile should be straight, neither overly dished nor roman nosed. A "sweet" head, more refined than that of most draught horses, is desired.[22] The GHA's breed standard states that the head may be "sweet", "a small, tidy pony type head",[23] meaning without coarseness and in proportion with the body,[16] but the AGHS calls unequivocally for a sweet head, "more refined than a Shire might have . . . with broad forehead, generous jaw, square muzzle, and even bite".[15] According to GVHS, the "forehead must be flat and broad . . . with [t]he frontal facial bone . . . flat to slightly convex".[13]
The neck is strong, muscular, and of medium length "with a throat latch slightly deeper than lighter breeds".[16][24] The chest should be broad, deep, and well muscled.[16][15][14] Withers are "well rounded, not high and fine, i.e., hardly noticeable".[15] Most standards call for a "well-sloped" shoulder [16][15][24] But the GVHS's standard is more precise, specifying a shoulder angle ranging from 45 degrees to 60 degrees.[13] The back is to be short coupled with well sprung ribs and a deep heart girth.[15][14] The length of line of the belly should be twice that of the topline of the back and the horse should not appear 'wasp waisted'.[23] The Dutch breed standard for vanner and cob types requires a strong, well-muscled build with abundant feathering, similar to that of other associations. The "grai" is classified as a lighter and more refined riding type.[17]
Strong hindquarters define the breed as a small draught horse, "designed for strength and power, but with class, presence and style."[13] They are sometimes described as having an "apple butt"[16][23] as the croup is well rounded and "very generous, smooth and broad".[14] Poorly-muscled hindquarters or a too-sloping rump are unacceptable.[15] According to GVHS, the length of the hip from the point of the hip to the tailhead, should be slightly longer than the total length of the topline. The line measuring the length of the hip should also be horizontal; if the tailhead falls below the horizontal line intersecting the point of the hip, the horse's "hip/croup will be approaching too steep an angle for the Gypsy Vanner".[13]
Bone in the legs should be heavy, clean, and flat.[16][15][14][23][24] GVHS's standard calls for a length of forearm to cannon ratio of 55% to 45%.[13] The front legs should be clean and flat in joints as well as bone; front pasterns should slope at the same angle as the shoulder and should not be short.[23] A line drawn from the point of the buttock should touch the back of the hock, run "parallel" to the cannon bone, and touch the ground directly behind "the center of the heel".[13][23] Pastern and hoof angles of the hindlegs are more vertical than the forelegs, usually over 50 degrees.[13] Hooves have strong walls and a well shaped frog,[14] round and with wide heels.[16]
The hind legs of the Gypsy Horse should display proper angulation for a pulling horse,[23] although not to the degree found in larger feathered draught breeds such as the modern Shire and Clydesdale.[13][23][25] Unlike the equine conformational flaw of cow-hockedness,[25] where only the lower leg is turned outward, a Gypsy Horse's entire hind leg is set so as to angle outward. As a result, when the hind legs of a horse set up squarely are viewed from the rear, their cannon bones appear parallel.[23][26]
The Gypsy horse has distinct gaits. According to GHA's standard, "The stride should be correct, supple, and powerful. Showing good impulsion from behind, demonstrating powerful drive. Flowing, effortless in appearance".[16] The horse's movement should be "natural, not artificial . . . . Some have higher knee action than others, it's[sic] way of going can vary from short and economical to longer, reaching strides."[16] GHRA's standard requires "[a] steady forward walk with impulsion. Ground covering trot with a slight flick of feather at the point of extension."[14]
The Gypsy horse should be a "strong, kind, (very) intelligent partner that works willingly and harmoniously with its handler. They are also described as mannerly and manageable, eager to please, confident, courageous, alert, and loyal with a genuine sociable outlook. The Gypsy Horse is renowned for its gentle, tractable nature and sensible disposition."[27]
The Gypsy Horse is prone to diseases common to feathered draught horses. The most serious of these is chronic progressive lymphedema.[28] This condition may have a genetic component, as is a similar condition in humans. However, studies to date have not identified a causative gene.[29] Of less concern is pastern dermatitis ("greasy heels"). The moist environment under the feathering is an ideal environment for the combination of fungus and mites which are believed to cause it.
The Gypsy Horse was bred by the Roma of Great Britain to pull the vardoes in which they lived and travelled.[30] The Roma had arrived in the British Isles by 1500 AD, but they did not begin to live in vardoes until around 1850.[31] Prior to that, they travelled in tilted carts or afoot and slept either under or in these carts or in small tents.[32] The peak usage of the Gypsy caravan occurred in the latter part of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th.[33]
Some aspects of training, management, and characteristics of a horse used to pull a vardo are unique. For example, the horse is trained not to stop until it reaches the top of a hill; otherwise it may not be able to get started again. Training begins at a very early age with the young horse tied "with a short rope from the head to the trace-ring on the collar of the shaft-horse", and led along on the off side.[34] An old hat is sometimes placed on a fearful horse's head so as to keep him from seeing back over the top of his blinkers at the wagon looming at his back. A horse used to pull a vardo which was a permanent home was usually in very good condition due to a combination of exercise, grazing a variety of greens in the hedgerows, and good quality care; the horse was considered part of the family.[35] Since the family's children lived in close proximity to the horse, one having "an unreliable temper could not be tolerated".[36]
The Gypsy Horse was also used to pull the "tradesman's cart . . . used in conjunction with the caravan as a runabout and work vehicle and whilst on a journey".[37] This is also known as a flatbed or a trolley, and examples appear in the annual London Harness Horse Parade.[38]
The Gypsy Horse breed as it is today is thought to have begun to take shape shortly after the Second World War.[36][39] When the British Roma had first begun to live in vardoes around 1850, they used mules and cast off horses of any suitable breed to pull them.[30] These later included coloured horses which had become unfashionable in mainstream society and were typically culled.[40] Among these were a significant number of coloured Shire horses.[41] Many of these ended up with Romani breeders, and by the 1950s, they were considered valuable status symbols within that culture.[36] Spotted horses were very briefly in fashion around the time of the Second World War, but quickly went out of fashion in favour of the coloured horse, which has retained its popularity until the present day.[1] The initial greater height of the breed derived from the influence of both Clydesdales and Shires,[36] both of which possess "feather", long hair starting at the knee or hock and growing down to cover the hooves. Feather became and still remains highly valued.[42]
In the formative years of the Gypsy Horse, the Roma bred not only for specific colour, profuse feather, and greater bone, but also for increased action and smaller size. To increase action at the trot, they first tried Hackney Pony breeding, but this blood reduced both feather and bone. The Roma therefore turned to the Section D Welsh Cob to add a more animated trot to the breed without loss of other desired traits. Another trend in breeding was a steady decrease in height, a trend still present among many Roma breeders. In the 1990s, the breed's average height still was in excess of 15 hands (60 inches, 152 cm), but horses of 14.3 to 15 hands (59 to 60 inches, 150 to 152 cm) were beginning to be viewed as more desirable, primarily for economic reasons. John Shaw, a carriage painter from Milnrow, Rochdale, Lancaster, was quoted in 1993 as saying, "Very big, hairy coloureds are now in vogue. They are status symbols . . . but they are not really an economical animal. They cost too much to feed, harness and shoe. . . and they don't stand up to the work. For that you want the vanner type of 14.3 to 15 hands (59 to 60 inches, 150 to 152 cm)"; larger horses require more fodder than smaller ones, as well as larger harnesses and horseshoes.[42]
The breed most used by the Romani breeders to set not only the size but also the type of the future Gypsy Horse was the Dales Pony, described as "thick, strong, . . . active yet a great puller".[36] The Dales, a draught pony, preserved the bone, feather, and pulling capabilities derived from the Shire and Clydesdale breeds but in a smaller and therefore more economical package. The Dales and, to a lesser extent, the Fell Pony interbred with the Shire and Clydesdale provided the basis of today's Gypsy Horse.[39]
Since the Romani people who developed the Gypsy Horse[43] communicated pedigree and breed information orally,[1] information on foundation bloodstock and significant horses within the breed is mostly anecdotal. The two foundation sires of the breed are reportedly known as The Old Coal Horse and Sonny Mays' Horse.[39] A tentative pedigree of the Coal Horse, who supposedly earned his name by pulling a coal wagon in Dublin, Ireland, at some time in his life, has been pieced together from oral tradition.[44] It is said that The Coal Horse goes back to a grey Shire stallion known as Shaw's Grey Horse of Scotland. The origins of the breed appear to be Irish, and the name Connors appears prominently in the breed history. In a poorly recorded interview, well-respected breeder Henry Connors gives some of the lineage of the horse.[45] It includes horses with names such as Ben's of Bonafay, Jimmy Doyle's Horse of Ballymartin, Henry Connors' White Horse, The Lob Eared Horse, The Sham Horse, and Old Henry.
The Irish cob can be traced to the 18th century but also was long considered a type, not a breed, and varied somewhat in characteristics, though generally was bred for light draught and farm work but was also capable of being ridden. It originated from crossing Thoroughbred, Connemara pony and Irish Draught horses.[46]
Beginning in 1996, a series of breed associations and societies was formed in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Among the are: the Gypsy Vanner Horse Society (1996), the Irish Cob Society (1998), the Gypsy Cob and Drum Horse Association (2002), the Gypsy Cob Society of America, later the Gypsy Horse Registry of America (2003), the Australasian Gypsy Horse Society (2007), and the NZ Gypsy Cob Association (2012).[citation needed]
The first known Gypsy Horses to come to America arrived in 1997 and were imported by American "discoverers" of the breed, Dennis and Cindy Thompson. Another early importer was Black Forest Shires & Gypsy Horses (2000-2012) which imported around 1700 horses, primarily Gypsy Horses. Since the Gypsy Horse had no registration before its entry into North America, horses' provenances, including importer, are of particular importance to their owners.[citation needed]
Coloured Cobs are bred by a number of well-established Romani breeders, many of whose families have done so for several generations.[47] And the trend of breeding down in size continues with 11- and 12-hand horses now common. Except for special occasions, these horses are typically not being used for their original purpose, pulling a living wagon, but are instead viewed in terms of heirloom bloodlines and are a source of great pride.[citation needed]
Breeders of the Gypsy Horse have typically called it simply "Cob" and "Coloured Cob" with a particularly good specimen being a "proper Cob". However, the term cob, defined as a short-legged, stout horse, is a body type rather than a breed.[48] As part of several efforts to have the Gypsy Horse recognised as a breed outside the Roma community, a more descriptive name was sought for it, starting in the 1990s.
The first known importers of the Gypsy Horse to North America, Dennis and Cindy Thompson, viewed the breed as unnamed and wanted it to be given what they viewed as a proper name. For this, they selected "Vanner",[49] which they had seen used in reference to a Gypsy Horse in Edward Hart's 1993 book,[d][50] and they incorporated it into the name of the American society they founded in 1996, the Gypsy Vanner Horse Society.[39]
The term "vanner" dates to at least 1888 and, prior to the Thompsons' adoption of it, also referred to a type of horse rather than to a distinct breed. According to the OED, a "vanner" is "a light horse suitable for drawing a small van", where "van", appearing in print with this meaning for the first time in the early 1800s, is "a covered vehicle chiefly employed for the conveyance of goods, usually resembling a large wood box with arched roof and opening from behind, but varying in size (and to some extent in form) according to the use intended".[51] Thus "vanner" was derived from the word "van", which the OED states was derived from "caravan". Since this latter term was not applied to a "chimneyed house on wheels", or vardo, until 1872,[52] the term "vanner" has no inherent connection with the Roma.
Writing in 1897, M. Horace Hayes described the "light vanner" as a horse of indeterminate breed "which we meet in vans, 'buses and tram-cars". It is in "a class intermediate between the light harness horse and the heavy draught horse".[53] Light vanners are thus "active, light cart horses that can trot freely and at fair speed".[54]
Before the formation of the American society in 1996, the term "vanner" appears in two printed sources in association with these horses, both ascribing the vanner type to the horse. In 1979, Harvey described a Roma-owned horse, most likely an ancestor of today's Gypsy Horse and clearly a crossbred, as "[a] fair-sized vanner, about 15.2hh (15 1/2 hands) high, . . . [c]ross-shire, with a touch of Clydesdale? Lineage is often hard to trace."[55] Publishing in 1993 in the first known acknowledgment of the Gypsy Horse as a distinct breed outside Romani culture, Hart employs the term three times in reference to a Gypsy Horse, identifying specific Gypsy Horses as vanners.[42][50][56]
Founded subsequently in 1998, 2002, and 2003, respectively, the Irish Cob Society,[12] the Gypsy Cob and Drum Horse Association,[57] and the Gypsy Cob Society of America[58] referred to the breed as "Cob", the name used by its Romani breeders. The Gypsy Horse Association, incorporated in 2008, employed the name "Gypsy Horse" and states on its website that the organisation recognizes all breed names currently in use.[59] Also in 2008, the GCSA renamed itself the Gypsy Horse Registry of America.[60]
Another name used for the breed is "Tinker".[61] Breed associations in Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands are listed in the Universal Equine Life Number database under the breed names "Tinker Horse" and "Tinker Pony."[62]
The Drum Horse[edit]
The Drum Horse in America is patterned after and named for the drum horse of the Household Cavalry, which carries the large silver drums which are beaten to mark march time. The drummer guides the horse with reins attached to his stirrups since his hands are needed for the drums. The drum horse is usually a Clydesdale cross and has frequently been coloured.[63]
The American Drum Horse may be treated as a breed, or as a specific Gypsy cross, depending on the breed society. GCDHA treats the Drum as a breed and maintains a stud-book for it. GCDHA's Drum Horse breed standard specifies a Gypsy Horse cross with Clydesdale, Shire, and/or Friesian making up the other bloodlines. Solid and blagdon patterned horses are registered but only as foundation stock.[64] Formed in 2006, the American Drum Horse Association, now the International Drum Horse Association, also treats the Drum as a breed but excludes Friesian bloodlines, allowing only Gypsy and Shire and/or Clydesdale and accepts solid and blagdon horses into its Drum Horse stud book.[65] In 2010, the Gypsy Horse Association opened a Gypsy Heritage Division for horses of Gypsy heritage (i.e., non-purebred horses having some Gypsy blood). It maintains stud books for Drum Horses, which it treats as a specific Gypsy Horse crossbreed having no less than 25% Gypsy with Clydesdale, Shire, and/or Friesian constituting the rest, and for Gypsy crossbreeds other than Drum Horses.[66]
One view of a Drum is as the return of coloured patterns to the Shire, from which it was culled when colour fell out of fashion in all UK breeds during the mid-1900s.[67] This vision of the Drum implicitly excludes the Friesian as a direct constituent breed for the Drum.
Among the assorted associations and societies dedicated to the breed, there is some variety in services offered. The Gypsy Horse Registry of America includes size classifications in its stud-book.[68] The Gypsy Horse Association provides access to the identifying DNA markers, pedigrees (both anecdotal and DNA verified), and registration photos of most of its registered horses online and free of charge.[69] The Gypsy Horse Association[69] and the Gypsy Horse Registry of America[70] provide online stud-books. The Gypsy Vanner Horse Society provides access to its stud-book for a fee.[71] The Gypsy Cob and Drum Horse Association offers inspections[72] and some shows.[73]
Since registration for the Gypsy Horse has only existed within the last 20 years, most associations require a genetic analysis for registration, to verify identity and identify future offspring. All of the North American Gypsy Horse and Drum Horse societies employ the Animal Genetics Research Laboratory of the University of Kentucky to perform DNA analysis and maintain a database of registered horses' DNA markers.[74] UKY currently tests markers at 17 loci of a horse's genetic makeup. The aim of this analysis is to either exclude or fail to exclude another horse as a parent.[75][76] In a spirit of co-operation, five American breed societies have jointly granted the University of Kentucky permission to employ DNA markers in confirming parentage.[clarification needed] Since information regarding the past histories, including parentage, of many of the Gypsy Horses imported to North America was lost, many owners seek to reclaim the genetic roots of their animals, and services have sprung up to satisfy this desire.[77][78]
Because many of the horses submitted for registration have never been registered, the American organisations evaluate horses for registration by way of photos and provenance information such as import papers and bills of sale.[79][80][81][82]
Beginning in 2014, GVHS began restricting registration to horses sired by GVHS-registered stallions and out of mares whose DNA markers are available and confirm parentage. Only horses falling between 13 and 16 hands (52 and 64 inches, 132 and 163 cm) in height are eligible for registration, although the status of animals whose heights fall outside that range can be appealed to GVHS's board of directors.[80]
The Netherlands stud-book only allows full registration to offspring of horses previously registered with the NSvT; horses identified as Irish Cob, Gypsy Cob, Gypsy Vanner, Coloured Horse, Traveller Pony, Black and White, or Traditional Cob may be evaluated as potential breeding stock and, if suitable, recorded in a secondary register, with their offspring eligible for full registration. Horses must pass an inspection to be registered.[17] The Irish Cob Society also requires an inspection process.[12]
Coloured horses are shown and traded at traditional horse fairs, of which Appleby Horse Fair is the most important. Many travellers go there in traditional horse-drawn caravans.[83] American photographer John S. Hockensmith documented such a journey in 2004, travelling with and photographing the Harker family's 60-mile (97 km) journey to Appleby in bow-top living wagons.[84] Capstick and Donogue also published photographs taken at Appleby Fair, some vintage,[85] and Jones published photos taken at Yorkshire horse fairs, some from the early 1900s.[86]
In North America, the first known show classes dedicated to the Gypsy Horse were held at the Colorado Horse Park on 28–29 August 2004, during its annual draught horse show, employing the breed standard of the Gypsy Cob Society of America, now the Gypsy Horse Registry of America.[87] The first Gypsy breed show, the Ohio State Fair Gypsy Vanner Horse Show, sponsored by the Gypsy Vanner Horse Society, was held in 2005 in Columbus, Ohio. The 2006 and 2007 Ohio State Fair Gypsy Vanner Horse Shows included the first classes for Drum Horses ever held in the US. Currently there are a number of breed shows for the Gypsy Horse, including some classes for the Drum Horse, in the US and Canada.[88]
In the United States, the Gypsy Horse is used in many equestrian sports, by amateurs and youths,[89] and has done well in combined driving and dressage. A pair of Gypsies comprised a 2001 grand champion tandem driving team.[90][91] In 2004, the United States Dressage Federation accepted the Gypsy Vanner Horse Society as an affiliate member,[92] allowing horses registered with GVHS to compete in its dressage and dressage-related events.[39] The Gypsy Horse Association was accepted into the USDF programme in 2008; two other coloured horse associations had joined by 2011.[93] In 2010, a Gypsy stallion earned a championship in the USDF's All Breeds Program for his achievements in third level dressage.[94]
- ^ This includes breed organisations in Ireland,[2] the Netherlands,[3] Germany,[4] Denmark[5] Sweden[6] Czech Republic,[7] New Zealand,[8] four in the USA,[9] and two in Australia[10]
- ^ The Gypsy Vanner Horse Society prefers height between 13.2 to 15.2 hands (54 to 62 inches, 137 to 157 cm),[13] and will decline to register horses outside of the range 13 to 16 hands (52 to 64 inches, 132 to 163 cm)[18] The Australian Gypsy Horse Society between 13 to 15.1 hands (52 to 61 inches, 132 to 155 cm)[15] the Gypsy Horse Association[16] and Western Australian Gypsy Horse Society prefers animals 13 to 15.2 hands (52 to 62 inches, 132 to 157 cm)[19]
- ^ With respect to feather, note that the plural (i.e., "feathers") is never used in reference to a horse's feather. Instead this is always referred to as "feather" or "feathering".[21]
- ^ The Coloured Horse and Pony, p. 58-71.
- ^ a b c d Hart 1993 p. 58
- ^ "Irish Cob Society, Ltd.". Irish Cob Society. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Vereniging NSvT - Het Nederlands Stamboek voor Tinkers". Nsvt.eu. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Irish And Traditional Cobs Europe". Irishcob-germany.de. 6 August 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Dansk Tinker Forening". Dansktinkerforening.dk. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Svenska Tinkerhästsällskapet". Svenskatinker.se. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Index". Irishcob.cz. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "New Zealand". Nzgca.co.nz. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ these are Gypsy Cob Society of America, Gypsy Horse Association, Gypsy Horse Registry of America, and Gypsy Vanner Horse Society
- ^ These are the Gypsy Horse Australasian Society and Western Australian Gypsy Horse Society.
- ^ Johnson 2008, p. 314
- ^ a b c d e f g "Irish Cob Society Ltd. Breed Standard". irishcobsocietyltd.webs.com. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Gypsy Vanner Horse Society". vanners.org. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Gypsy Horse Registry of America Breed Standard". gypsyhorseregistryofamerica.org. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "AGCS Breed Standard". gypsyhorsesociety.com.au. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Gypsy Horse Association". gypsyhorseassociation.org. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Registration rules and Stud Rules" (PDF). Nederlands Stamboek voor Tinkers. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ "GVHS Registration Process" (PDF). vanners.org. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ "Western Australian Gypsy Horse Society". waghs.co.au. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ "G§ypsy Horse Registry of America". gypsyhorseregistryofamerica.org. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ Hockensmith, p.
- ^ Lynghaug 2009, p. 393-394
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Black Forest Shires and Gypsy Horses". gypsyhorses.com. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ a b c "NZ Gypsy Cob Association Inc. Breed Standard". nzgca.co.nz. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ a b "Gypsy Horse Association". gypsyhorseassociation.org. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Gypsy Vanner Horse Society". vanners.org. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "GHA Articles of Incorporation". gypsyhorseassociation.org. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ "UCDavis". ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ "Microsoft PowerPoint - CPL updated 2007.ppt" (PDF). Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ a b Hart 1993 p. 62
- ^ Ward-Jackson p. 22
- ^ Ward-Jackson p. 29
- ^ Ward-Jackson p. 51
- ^ Ward-Jackson p. 59
- ^ Ward-Jackson p. 61
- ^ a b c d e Hart 1993 p. 63
- ^ Jones p. 23
- ^ "London Harness Horse Parade". Lhhp.co.uk. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "History". Gypsy Vanner Horse Society. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ Hart 1993 pp. 62-63
- ^ Hart 1993 p. 43
- ^ a b c Hart 1993 p. 64
- ^ Lynghaug 2009, p. 387
- ^ "Coal Horse Pedigree". allbreedpedigree.com. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Interview with Old Henry Connors". Clononeen Farm. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ Hendricks 2007, p. 234
- ^ "Dunn Roaming". dunnroaming.co.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "British Horse Show Association Rule Book 2013". 2013. p. 4. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ "Tribute to Fred Walker" (PDF). vanners.org. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
- ^ a b Hart 1993 p. 59
- ^ OED, p. 3588
- ^ OED, p. 337
- ^ Hayes 1897 p. 125
- ^ Hayes 1897 p. 252
- ^ Harvey p. 56
- ^ Hart 1993 p. 126
- ^ "Gypsy Cob and Drum Horse Association". GCDHA.com. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "GHRA". "GHRA". Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "Gypsy Horse Association". gypsyhorseassociation.org. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "Gypsy Horse Registry of America". gypsyhorseregistryofamerica.org. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ Breed data sheet: Tinker/Germany. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2015.
- ^ http://www.ueln.net/ueln-code-database/find-organizations-for-one-breed/
- ^ Dallal pp. ?
- ^ "GCDHA Drum Horse Information". "GCDHA". Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ "ADHA". drumhorseassociation.com. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ "GHA Gypsy Heritage Division". gypsyhorseassociation.org. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ "Black Forest Shires & Gypsy Horses: Drums". gypsyhorses.com. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ "GHRA Rulebook" (PDF). gypsyhorseregistryofamerica.org. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ a b "GHA Registered Horses". gypsyhorseassociation.org. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ "GHRA Stud Book" (PDF). gypsyhorseregistryofamerica.org. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ "GVHS Studbook". vanners.org. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ "GCDHA Inspections". gcdha.com. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ "GCDHA Shows". gcdha.com. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ "GHA DNA Testing". gypsyhorseassociation.org. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ "UKY" (PDF). uky.edu. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ "GHADNA". gypsyhorseassociation.org. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ "DNA Database". gypsyhorse-dna.com. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ "GVHSStudbook". vanners.org. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ "Gypsy Horse Association Registration Rules". gypsyhorseassocation.org. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ a b "GVHS Registration Procedures" (PDF). vanners.org. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ "GHRA Registration Procedure". gypsyhorseregistryofamerica.org. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ "IDHA Registration Rules". drumhorseassociation.com. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ "Appleby Horse Fair". applebyfair.org. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ Hockensmith 2006 p. 12
- ^ Capstick and Donoghue
- ^ Jones
- ^ "Parker CO Horse Show". Black Forest Shires & Gypsy Horses. Archived from the original on 5 February 2005. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Events". Gypsy Horse Association. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ Graybeal Gypsy Horse Association p. 58
- ^ "Esmeralda". WR Ranch. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Showing". Bit a Both Farm. Archived from the original on 4 June 2004. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "United States Dressage Federation". usdf.org. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "USDF Connection" (PDF). usdf.org. Dec 2010 – Jan 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Lake Ridge Gypsy Vanner Horses". usdf.org. 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- Dallal, Henry (2006). Pageantry and Performance: The Household Cavalry in a Celebration of Pictures. Henry Dallal Publishing. ISBN 0954408306.
- Capstick, Tony; Donoghue, Paul (2002). Appleby Horse Fair: A Collection of Stories, Poems and Photographs. North Yorkshire, England: The Appleby Fair Company. ASIN B008QXQE4O.
- Graybeal, Mary (Jan 2010). "Gypsy Horse Association: Affiliate News". Gypsy Horse Journal (Equine Journal): 58.
- Hart, Edward (1993). "The gypsy horse type of coloured pony". The Coloured Horse and Pony. Allen Breed Series. London: A. Allen & Co. Limited. pp. 58–71. ISBN 0-85131-572-0.
- Harvey, Denis E. (1979). The Gypsies: Waggon-Time and After. Batsford. ISBN 0713415487.
- Hayes, Mathew Horace (1897). The Points of the Horse: A Familiar Treatise on Equine Conformation (second ed.). London: W. Thacker & Co.
- Bonnie Lou Hendricks (2007). International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3884-8.
- Hockensmith, John Stephen (2006). The Traveler's Way: The Road to Appleby Fair. Fine Art Editions Gallery and Press. ISBN 9781599755977.
- Jones, E. Alan (2002) [1986]. Yorkshire Gypsy Fairs Customs & Caravans: 1885 to the Present. North Yorkshire, England: The Appleby Fair Company. ISBN 0907033431.
- Johnson, Daniel; Samantha Johnson (2008). Horse Breeds: 65 Popular Horse, Pony & Draft Horse Breeds. Voyageur Pres. ISBN 9781616731663.
- Lynghaug, Fran (2009). The Official Horse Breeds Standards Guide: The Complete Guide to the Standards of All North American Equine Breed Associations. Minneapolis, MN: Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-3499-7.
- Ward-Jackson, C. H.; Harvey, Denis E. (1973) [1972]. The English Gypsy Caravan: Its Origins, Builders, Technology and Conservation. David & Charles Publisher Limited. ISBN 0715356801.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gypsy horse.
- Gypsy Cob Register
- Australasian Gypsy Horse Society
- Dansk Tinker Forening
- France Irish Cob
- Gypsy Cob and Drum Horse Association
- Gypsy Horse Association
- Gypsy Horse Registry of America
- Gypsy Vanner Horse Society
- ICS Denmark
- ICS Nederland: Stud-book for Irish Cobs
- Irish and Traditional Cobs Europe
- Irish Cob of Norway
- Irish Cob Society*
- Irish Cob Society Czech Republic
- Irish Cob Society Finland
- Irish Cob Society Suisse
- Irish Cob The Czech Republic
- NZ Gypsy Cob Association Inc.
- Svenska Föreningen för Irish Cob
- Svenska Tinkerhästsällskapet
- Tinker Horse and Irish Cob Society
- Traditional Gypsy Cob Association
- Vereniging NSVT: Nederlands Stamboeke voor Tinkers
- Western Australian Gypsy Horse Society


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Kasjog extras for Carmen & Tosca
Kasjog members took time out in February from Yeomen rehearsals to take part as extras in two performances at Woking's New Victoria Theatre of Carmen and Tosca, staged by touring professional opera company, Ellen Kent.
Monks' cassocks and nuns' habits were the order of the day for Tosca, and the lads cut a dash in matadors' outfits and the ladies sashayed in silky skirts as cigarette girls in Carmen.
Woking audiences attending performances of The Yeomen of the Guard, recently mounted at the Rhoda McGaw Theatre by Knaphill and St Johns Operatic Group have come up trumps in their support for Woking and Sam Beare Hospices.
Director, Val Hitchcock, dedicated the show to the memory of her daughter, Sally-Ann, an actress, teacher and choreographer. Val also wanted to show her appreciation of the wonderful care the Hospice had given to both Sally-Ann and Anne Niven, a member of Kasjog whose vitality as both actress and director envigorated the group for many years.
The Hospice's new mascot, Hope, joined the cast on stage after the final performance, to encourage the audience to give generously – and indeed they did. The final total, after five performances, amounted to just over £1,400!
Kasjog's first collaboration with The Egham Band, performing two concerts in Staines and Woking on 8 and 9 May under the title of Gilbert & Sullivan Goes Brass!, exceeded all expectations. Audiences at both venues (The Magna Carta Arts Centre and St Mary of Bethany Church) were treated to excerpts from some of the best-loved G & S operettas, including Pirates, HMS Pinafore, Ruddigore, Iolanthe, Yeomen of the Guard and Princess Ida. Highlights included the trio from Princess Ida (I am a Maiden) with Rob, James and Lloyd from Kasjog dressed in outfits that would put Grayson Perry to shame and the overture from Yeomen of the Guard which got the concert off to a rousing, full-bodied start. For Kasjog members used to the backing of a small orchestra, it was exciting to test their vocal abilities against a bigger musical sound. The band, in turn, enjoyed the challenge of accompanying the singers.
This concert may have been a first joint venture, but it is certainly not the last …


text:
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David Bowie
"As surely as our love is bright"
What to say about Mike Garson that Clifford Slapper hasn't already said in his excellent Bowie's Piano Man: The Life of Mike Garson.
The longest-serving member of the David Bowie band in many of its various incarnations, Mike was also singled out on many occasions to perform with Bowie as a duo for a fair few memorable one offs.
Mike has chosen one such performance for this instalment of DB Deep Cut Of The Day.
It's a heartbreakingly emotional rendition of My Death from September 18th 1995. The occasion was a benefit for The Joseph Papp Public Theater,
"The band was all together..."
Those of you who have been keeping up with VINYL, the new(ish) HBO show from executive producers Martin Scorsese and Mick Jagger, will have seen the Bowie tribute in episode six, Cyclone, last night. (Sunday 20th)
Here's the synopsis of that episode, complete with spoilers for those who haven't watched it yet.
We're not giving anything away by telling you that one scene catches Ziggy (played by Noah Bean) with The Spiders From Mars rehearsing Suffragette City.
Obviously it's actors portraying Bowie and the band and they do make a pretty good fist of it, even
"My friends talk, Of glory, untold dream"
Join fellow Bowie fans for a discussion with the visual collaborators surrounding David Bowie's album campaign including long-time artwork designer Jonathan Barnbrook as well as the creatives Carolynn Cecilia and Lawrence Peryer behind UNBOUND: A ★ InstaMiniSeries who were given early access to the album to develop a unique original content series airing now on Instagram.
The panel will incorporate elements from these creatives as well as a premiere of the full UNBOUND MINISERIES video for the first time.
Go here and here for more details.
"Screaming above Central London"
Iman has posted a beautiful and poignant picture of David Bowie during a visit to London, viewing Christopher Wren's 'The Great Model' situated in St Paul's Cathedral.
Made by William Cleere in 1673/4 from full-size drawings scaled up by Wren and his assistant Edward Woodroffe, 'The Great Model' is available for public viewing.
Read more about it here.
Many thanks to Iman for sharing such a special memory.
#BowieLondonBoy #StPaulsCathedral #FBF
"Loving The Alien"
Around about this time 40 years ago tonight, an excited audience of Bowie fans, curious movie goers and contest winners, sat in London's Leicester Square Theatre waiting for the world premiere of David Bowie's first major acting role in The Man Who Fell To Earth.
All these years later the Nicolas Roeg directed film is still a remarkable piece of work, with Bowie as the beautifully mysterious Thomas Jerome Newton, an extraterrestrial who comes to Earth with a plan to transport water back to his drought-stricken and dying planet.
The Man Who Fell To Earth is based on the


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Government Accountability Office (GAO) attorneys say the existing law puts businesses in Historically Underutilized Business Zones (HUBZone) ahead of other categories of disadvantaged businesses in gaining access to some contracts. The HUBZone businesses have first crack at those contracts — ahead of companies owned by service-disabled veterans and those in the Small Business Administration's 8(a) business development program.
Sen. Mary Landrieu (D-La.), chairwoman of the Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee, proposed the legislation as an amendment to the fiscal 2010 National Defense Authorization Act (S. 1390). The amendment approved on July 23 would replace the word "shall" with the word "may" in the law, a small change that could make a big difference in the contracting landscape.
The House version of the bill did not include such language. However, as lawmakers meet to resolve differences between the House and Senate measures, the change in wording might not meet any resistance. Rep. Roscoe Bartlett (R-Md.), co-chairman of the HUBZone Caucus and among those considered likely to oppose such a measure, said he supports the statutory change.
"Small-business owners from these three categories endure different types of disadvantages, but they all create invaluable opportunities and magnified benefits in our communities," Bartlett said. "They deserve equal priority consideration for federal government small-business contracts."
Landrieu drafted the amendment in response to recent GAO rulings on bid protests that said agencies had to consider HUBZone businesses first in awarding set-aside contracts. Only if there were not enough HUBZone businesses to compete for the work could agency officials open it to other categories of disadvantaged businesses, according to GAO.
GAO, the Small Business Administration and the Office of Management and Budget have disagreed over the interpretation of the law and regulations. But Landrieu's amendment seeks to quiet the disagreement by supporting SBA's interpretation.
"All small businesses should be given an equal opportunity to succeed," Landrieu said.
About the Author
Matthew Weigelt is a freelance journalist who writes about acquisition and procurement.
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