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This table provides examples of the types of policy actions that can be taken within this policy area, examples of where these policy actions have been implemented, and a brief description of what the action involves. It provides a global snapshot, largely of policies already implemented; it is not necessarily comprehensive. The examples were collated through a review of international reports of policy actions around the world, academic articles reporting on policy actions, and online government resources.
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|Examples of policy actions
|Examples of where implemented
|What the action involves
|Health-related food taxes
In June 2015 the Government of Barbados passed a 10% excise tax on locally produced and imported sugary drinks, including carbonated soft drinks, juice drinks, sports drinks and others. Drinks exempt from the tax include 100% natural fruit juice, coconut water, plain milk and evaporated milk. The tax came into effect 1 August 2015 and will be reviewed after two years. Revenue from the tax will be directed to the health sector.
In December 2015, the Belgian government increased the excise duty on soft drinks by 0.03 euros per litre as part of a general 'health tax' (Law on measures to strengthen job creation and purchasing power - 26 December 2015). The now 0.068 euro per litre excise duty came into effect 1 January 2016 and is applied to all soft drinks, including non-alcoholic drinks and water containing added sugar or other sweeteners or flavours. An excise duty is also applied to any substance intended for the use of manufacturing soft drinks (liquid: 0.41 euros/litre, powder: 0.68 euros/1kg).
In effect since 1 January 2015, an 18% ad valorem tax is applied to sugary drinks with sugar content greater than 6.25 g of sugar per 100 mL. Prior to this, a 13% ad valorem tax was applied to these sugary drinks since 1 October 2014. Sugary drinks include all non-alcoholic drinks with added sweeteners including energy drinks and waters. Sugary drinks with less than 6.25 g of sugar per 100 mL are taxed at 10%.
In effect since 1 September 2015, a 10% excise tax is applied to food and drinks with high sugar content. This includes sweets, candy, chocolate bars, soft drinks and other sweetened drinks (including energy drinks). Revenues from the tax will contribute to a national "Get Healthy" campaign.
Like many countries, Finland imposed excise taxes on non-alcoholic beverages and confectionery for most of the 20th century for revenue-raising purposes. The excise duty on confectionery was removed in 2000, but re-introduced in 2011. Currently taxes are levied on confectionery, chocolate and ice cream in addition to non-alcoholic beverages. In 2014, the tax rate was EUR 0.95/kg by weight for confectionery and ice cream, EUR 0.220/L for beverages with more than 0.5% sugar and EUR 0.11/L for other non-alcoholic beverages. Producers with an annual production volume of less than 10,000 kg or 50,000 litres are exempted from the tax. Beginning January 2017, the tax on candy and ice cream will be removed. The tax on non-alcoholic beverages will remain.
In effect since 1 January 2012, the French soda tax is an excise duty applied to drinks with added sugar and artificial sweeteners, including sodas, fruit drinks, flavoured waters and 'light' drinks (Law no 2011-1977). The tax is around 11 euro cents per 1.5 litres of soda and used to raise revenue for the general budget.
|French Polynesia
Various food and beverage taxes have been in place since 2002 to discourage consumption and raise revenue e.g. domestic excise duty on sweetened drinks and beer; import tax on sweetened drinks, beer and confectionery; tax on ice cream. Between 2002 and 2006, tax revenue went to a preventive health fund; from 2006, 80% has been allocated to the general budget and earmarked for health. The tax is 40 CFP (around $0.44) per litre on domestically-produced sweet drinks, and 60 CFP (around $0.68) per litre on imported sweet drinks.
A "public health tax" adopted in 2012 is applied on the salt, sugar and caffeine content of various categories of ready-to-eat foods, including soft drinks (both sugar- and artificially-sweetened), energy drinks and pre-packaged sugar-sweetened products. The tax is applied at varying rates. Soft drinks, for example, are taxed at $0.24 per litre, and other sweetened products at $0.47 per litre. The tax also applies to products high in salt, including salty snacks with >1g salt per 100g, condiments with >5g salt per 100g and flavourings >15g salt per 100g.
Since 1 January 2013, an excise tax must be applied on the sugar content of all soft drinks, whether imported or produced domestically. Soft drinks are defined as any aerated beverage, syrups, and fruit squashes, cordials and drinks. Fruit and vegetable juices and drinks containing only artificial sweeteners are excluded from the tax, as are soft drinks produced for export only. For 2014, the tax amounts to MUR 0.3 ($0.01) per gram of sugar content, up from MUR 0.2 in 2013 ($0.006).
In December 2013, the Mexican legislature passed two new taxes as part of the National Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Overweight, Obesity and Diabetes (Estrategia Nacional Para Un Mexico Sin Obesidad). They entered into force on 1 January 2014. An excise duty of 1 peso ($0.07) per litre applies to sugary drinks. Sugary drinks are defined under the new law as all drinks with added sugar, excluding milks or yoghurts. Preliminary price monitoring indicates that the price of sugary drinks has increased by around 10%. The revenue from the sugary drink tax should be allocated to fund programmes addressing malnutrition, obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases, as well as access to drinking water (6th transitory article, Federal Law on Income for the Fiscal Year 2014); however, the revenue is currently being allocated to the general budget. An ad valorem excise duty of 8% applies to foods with high caloric density, defined as equal to or more than 275 calories per 100 grams. The food product categories that are affected by the tax include chips and snacks, confectionery, chocolate and cacao based products, puddings, peanut and hazelnut butters.
Soft drinks, both imported and locally produced, have been taxed since 1984. From 1984 until 2008, the excise tax amounted to 0.3 Samoan Tala per litre (around $0.12); in 2008 the rate changed to 0.4 Samoan Tala per litre (around $0.17).
In 2007, Samoa imposed a ban on high fat turkey tails. In 2012 the ban was lifted when Samoa joined the World Trade Organization and a 300% import duty was set for two years followed by a 100% import duty.
|St Helena
In effect since 27 May 2014, a £0.75 per litre excise duty (about $1.14) is applied to high-sugar carbonated drinks in St Helena (Customs and Excise Ordinance Chapter 145, Section 5). High sugar carbonated drinks are defined as drinks containing ≥15 grams of sugar per litre.
As of 2013, soft drinks containing sugar or sweeteners are taxed at 1 Tonga Pa'anga per litre (around $0.50). Animal fat products (e.g. lard and drippings) are taxed at $1 per kilogram.
|United States
In November 2014, the city of Berkeley, California passed a law (Ordinance 7388-NS) taxing sugary drinks that came into effect 1 January 2015. An excise duty of $0.01 per fluid ounce of a sugar-sweetened beverage applies to soda, energy drinks and heavily presweetened tea, as well as to the "added caloric sweeteners" used to produce them (note: tax on an ounce of 'added caloric sweeteners" would be significantly more than $0.01). Infant formula, milk products, and natural fruit and vegetable juices are exempted.
In November 2014, the Navajo Nation adopted the "Healthy Diné' Nation Act" (Legislation No CN-54-14) into law. It includes a 2% tax on "minimal-to-no-nutritional value food items", including sugar-sweetened beverages, prepackaged and non-prepackaged snacks stripped of essential nutrients and high in salt, saturated fat and sugar including sweets, chips and crisps. The tax was implemented 1 April 2015. Revenue from the tax is earmarked for the Community Wellness Development Projects Fund and used for projects such as farming, vegetable gardens, greenhouses, farmers markets, healthy convenience stores, clean water, exercise equipment and health classes. The tax is collected through self-reporting.
|Voluntary health-related food taxes
|United Kingdom
As part of the #SugarSmartCity campaign (see "I" – 'Inform people' for details), Brighton & Hove City Council is promoting a voluntary 'sugar tax'. The City Council actively encourages food outlets to adopt a voluntary £0.10 levy (around $0.15) on all non-alcoholic sugar-sweetened drinks sold. Money raised from the voluntary levy goes to the Children's Health Fund, set up by Sustain: the Alliance for Food and Farming in partnership with Jamie Oliver in August 2015, to support food education and health initiatives for children.
|Increasing import tariffs on specified "unhealthy" foods
|Cook Islands
French Polynesia
These countries have all introduced import duties on either soft drinks or sugar; Nauru also taxes high-sugar foods. These are either charged ad valorem (Cook Islands – 15% with a subsequent 2% rise per year – since 2013; Fiji – 32%, since 2011; Nauru – 30%, since 2007) or on a certain volume or weight of goods (French Polynesia – around $0.68 per litre for imported drinks since 2002, and Samoa – around $0.17 per litre since 2008).
Fiji has an import duty on palm oil and monosodium glutamate of 35% implemented in 2012.
|Lowering import tariffs on specified "healthy" foods
In 2013, as part of a broader package of fiscal measures, import duties were lowered from 20% to 5% for imported fresh, tinned or frozen fish in order to increase affordability and promote healthier diets.
Fiji has removed original import and excise duty (set at 5-32%) on fruits and vegetables which are not locally grown to promote vegetable and fruit consumption.
|Targeted subsidies for healthy foods*
|United Kingdom
The Healthy Start programme provides pregnant women and/or families with children under the age of four with weekly vouchers to spend on foods including milk, plain yoghurt, and fresh and frozen fruit and vegetables. Participants or their family must be receiving income support/jobseekers allowance or child tax credits. Pregnant women under the age of 18 can also apply. Full national implementation of the programme began in 2006.
|United States
In 2009, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) implemented revisions to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to improve the composition and quantities of WIC-provided foods from a health perspective.
In 2012, the USDA piloted a "Healthy Incentives Pilot" as part of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly "food stamps"). Participants received an incentive of 30 cents per US$ spent on targeted fruit and vegetables (transferred back onto their SNAP card).
The New York City Health Department District Public Health Offices distribute 'Health Bucks' to farmers' markets (launched in 2006). When customers use income support (e.g. Food Stamps) to purchase food at farmers' markets, they receive one 'Health Buck' worth $2 for each $5 spent, which can then be used to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market.
*Private insurance providers also offer private subsidy schemes. For example, South Africa's largest private health insurer, Discovery Health, runs the cash back rebate programme "Vitality", in which healthier items purchased in food shops receive a 10% discount.
Table last updated: 07/03/2016
Copyright © 2016 World Cancer Research Fund International. Please send any feedback to firstname.lastname@example.com and acknowledge World Cancer Research Fund International as the originators.
WHO Global Database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action
WHO Europe Database on Nutrition, Obesity and Physical Activity
United States
The Rudd Center for Food and Obesity – Legislation Database
National Association of State Boards of Education – State School Health Policy Database
National Cancer Institute – Classification of Laws Associated with School Students
Centers for Disease Control – Chronic Disease State Policy Tracking System


text:
Mozilla Fennec
Mozilla this week put out its first beta release of Fennec, the mobile version of its Mozilla Firefox web browser.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 16, 1974
|Filing date
|Oct 2, 1972
|Priority date
|Oct 2, 1972
|Publication number
|R Vitolo
|Original Assignee
|R Vitolo
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (7), Classifications (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent Vitl0 et al.
1 July 16, 1974 1 NURSE RESPONSE VERIFICATION SYSTEM [75] Inventors: Richard D. Vitolo, 130 N. Brighton St., Burbank, Calif. 91506; Philip lngalls, Canoga Park, Calif.
[73] Assignee: said Vitolo, by said lngalls [22] Filed: Oct. 2, 1972 [21 1 Appl. No: 294.364
152 US. Cl 340/172.5, 340/313 [51 1 Int. Cl. G06f 3/00 [58 Field of Search 340/1725, 311-314, 340/286, 152 R [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,896.02] 7/1959 Philipps 340/312 3,251,050 /1966 Given 340/313 3,374.464 3/1968 Brothman el al. 340/1725 3,407,387 10/1968 Looschen et al. 340/1725 3,566,365 2/1971 Rawson et a1. 340/1725 3,629,855 12/1971 Conley 340/1725 3,631,449 12/1971 Head 340/313 3.691528 9/1972 Calvagna et a1. 340/152 R 3,699,523 10/1972 Percher 340/1725 Primary Examiner-Harvey E. Springborn Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Flam & Flam [57] ABSTRACT A nurse response verification system particularly useful in hospitals or other health care facilities automatically records (a) the time that each patient calls for assistance, (b) how long the nurse takes to respond to the call, and (c) the length of time the nurse spends in service to the patient. The system comprises a plurality of remote stations each situated in a hospital room and connected to a controller which repetitively and sequentially interrogates all stations. Each time a nurse call is initiated, the station in the room where service was requested transmits an interrogation response word which causes the controller to establish in memory a record (a call word") associated with that call. The wait time" taken to respond to the call is tallied in the call word. When the nurse reaches the room, she presses a switch at the station, indicating that the call has been answered and identifying the bed of the patient requesting service. The station transmits this information to the controller for entry into the call word. The duration of service also is tallied in the call word. Upon completion of service, the nurse again presses a swtich at the room station. This causes the controller to complete the call word, which is stored along with other records for subsequent printout in report form, at operator request.
5 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures NUaaE CALL SUTTON ,2/ v a v w I "7,. 15
Nuns; Rwous: iViRlFICflTION arm-en NUQSES M 5TAT1ON I03 I7 -18- 53 2a f "T 22 Rumm- Hummer l j V Pawn.
1 auras Nun" can. nnvoa 2d Q2 1 32 nmnoucmron l CORRIDOR 25 PATENTEB JUL 1 s 1914 SHEETIBFG ZOFFDQ PATENTEB- T 3.824.560 SHEET B-BF 6 I52 NO I I56 54 NO Is srA-rIoN IN VES AIT" smrrus 6 esrnsusu l5 cnu. WORD No [64 NEW CALL wown I emu-ma "COMPLETE" ENTER 1 00M SAME TATUSOF RESPONSE DIFFERENT NUMBER AND sToRaDcAL I67 I -59 I66 EHNTER 68 I STAT WAIT us {77 i [50 "wAIT' ssrzwce YES was Pazwous no E TEE sTA-rus'wAI-r? N TIME or CALL 176 i [6/ (NO= pm sTm-us I INCREMENT \ucaemem- W95 PLACE cnu. WORD N MEMORY AT WAIT TIME sanvIcz TIME NEXT AVAILABLE A 6 LOCATION I69 I70 "COMPLETE" EER'VKZE I77 [7/ p179 INCPEMENT I80 ILSERVICE TIME CHANGE s'mTus CHANGE STATUS TO"COMPLETE" 8, TO "SERVICE" WAIT cm I.
ENTER /88"1 BED IDENTIFICATION CHANGE sTnI'us H GE S S INCREMENT TO "COMPLETE" TO "COMPLETE" I85- wAI-r TIME RETURN WOQD TO SAME LOCATION IN MEMORY RETURN W RD To 5AM: LOCATION IN MEMORV 1 NURSE RESPONSE VERIFICATION SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a system for automatically monitoring requests for service from a plurality of remote stations, including measurement of the time taken by personnel to respond to each request, and the duration of service performed by the personnel. The system is useful for monitoring nursing calls in a health care facility 2. Description of the Prior Art As an aid to hospital administrators and nursing directors, it is an object of the present invention to provide an automated nurse response verification system which provides accurate nursing service accounting. The system automatically monitors the time of each request for nursing service, the amount of time taken to respond, and the duration of nursing care rendered. The information is stored in a memory and is available for printout in accumulative report form.
Use of the inventive verification system results in increased patient care and satisfaction. Patients feel more confident knowing their individual requests for care will be answered promptly and that the time spent with them will be recorded automatically.
Doctors have an immediate record of how much nursing care has been rendered to a given patient at any time. More efficient nursing service results. The printed records provided by the system can be utilized to determine adequate staffing to meet specific patient requirements and to minimize non-nursing duties. For example, records provided by the system may indicate a very heavy demand for patient care in certain nursing units, while verifying that other units have far fewer nursing calls. Statistical information gathered by the system may disclose certain peak times when considerable nursing care is demanded, while indicating other times when little service is requested. Nursing staff scheduling can be optimized to satisfy these time and unit demand fluctuations.
The avilability of complete and accurate nursing service records also aids in minimizing hospital costs. The records provide valuable statistical data, needed by the health industry, with regard to nursing time requirements for various types and classifications of patients.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The foregoing and other objectives are achieved by providing a nurse response verification system consisting of a plurality of remote stations each installed in a patients room, and connected to a controller situated at a nursing station or elsewhere in the health care facility. The controller periodically interrogates each room station. When a patient requests nursing care, as by depressing the conventional nurse call button, the associated room station transmits an interrogation response word indicating to the controller that a nurse has been called. The controller establishes a call word in memory associated with that request for service, and starts counting the amount of time taken for a nurse to respond to the call.
When the nurse answers the call, she pushes a button at the room station designating the bed of the patient requesting service. This causes the station to transmit a service" status signal to the controller, terminating measurement of the wait time." The controller begins to measure the duration of time spent by the nurse in administering to the patient. When the nurse completes the service, she again presses a switch at the room station, causing the controller to terminate measurement of the service time," and to store the completed call word.
The system is provided with a report request panel from which a variety of accumulated nursing care reports may be requested. Upon such request, the appropriate information is culled from the controller memory and printed out to provide permanent written verification of the nursing service provided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A detailed description of the invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals designate corresponding parts in the several figures.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a health care facility equipped with a nurse response verification system in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view of a typical room station useful for signaling that a call has been answered and that service to the patient has been completed.
FIG. 3 is a pictorial view of a report request panel used to initiate printout of nursing service reports from the inventive system.
FIGS. 4 and 5 together comprise an electrical schematic diagram of illustrative circuitry for the room station of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 shows typical waveforms associated with operation of the station circuitry of FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 7 is an electrical block diagram of a typical embodiment of the verification system controller.
FIG. 8 illustrates diagrammatically the call word format and typical contents of the memory employed in the controller of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart summarizing operation of the controller of FIG. 7.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The following detailed description is of the best presently contemplated mode of carrying out the invention. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.
Referring now to FIG. I, the nurse response verification system 15 advantageously is installed in a hospital or other health care facility 16. The system 15 includes a controller 17 which may be situated at the hospital nurses station 18. Connected to the controller 17 are a plurality of remote stations 19 (FIG. 2) each situated in a respective hospital room. Thus in FIG. 1 the station 19a is situated in room 101, the station 19b is located in room 102, and other like stations 19 are located in other hospital rooms. Each room station 19 periodically is interrogated by the controller 17 via a common outbound bus 20. In response to such interrogation, each room station 19 transmits a response word back to the controller 17 via an inbound buss 21. The response word may indicate that no service has been requested, that a nurse has been called, or that the nurse is providing service to a patient in the room containing the responding station 19.
In the embodiment illustrated, each station I9 coopcrates with the conventional nurse call button system ber and bed identification (e.g., room I01, bed A) on a set of rotary switches 34, and pushes the call report switch 35. The printer 33 then prints out a call report. such as that shown in the following Example I.
('ALI. RIPORI, Illl) llllA to recognize when a patient has requested service. Thus in FIG. 1, each hospital bed is provided with a nurse call button 22 wired to an annunciator 23 situated at the nurses station 18. As part of this conventional system, a dome light 24 is located in the hospital corridor The panel 32 also may be used to request a summary report giving an accumulative record of total nursing care for each bed. Example ll below is a typical summary report printed out by the printer 33 when the request panel switch 36 is depressed.
EXAMPLE II SUMMARY REPORT BED ID CALLS TOTAL SERVICE TIME PERIOD DATE ltltlA 6 2HR:25 MIN 71tl0AM/4z3OPM 3:15:72 1008 7 3HRz2fi MIN 71(JUAM/4130PM 3:15:72 IUOC 4 IHR:| MIN 71UtlAM/4z3OPM 3:1572 IOIA 5 3HR:34 MIN 71(10AM/4130PM H572 ltllB 9 4HR:|U MIN 71UOAM/4t3OPM 3:l5:72
above the door to each room. Whenever a patient pushes the nurse call button 22, the dome light 24 outside that patients room goes on. Each station 19 is provided with a photosensor 26 situated adjacent the corresponding dome light 24. Thus for example, when the patient in room I01, bed A, presses the nurse call button 22a, the dome light 240 goes on and illuminates the photosensor 26a. Accordingly, the station 19a signals to the controller 17 that a nurse has been summoned to room 101. A *wait" light 27 (FIG. 2) also goes on at the station 19a.
When a nurse responds to the call, she goes to the station 190 and depresses that one of the switches 28a 28d (respectively designated Bed A" through Bed D") corresponding to the bed of the patient requesting service. For example, if the switch 28a is closed, the station 19a will signal to the controller 17 that the patient in bed A of room 101 has requested service, and that a nurse has responded to the call and now is administering to the patients needs. The wait time" taken for the nurse to respond automatically is recorded by the controller 17. Closure of the switch 28a also causes the wait light 27 to go off and a service light 29 to go on.
When the nurse has completed taking care of the pa tient, she again depresses the switch 280. This extinguishes the service light 29, and signals to the control ler I7 that the service is complete. The controller 17 automatically records the service time, i.e. the duration of time which the nurse spent with the patient, thereby completing a call word or record of the call stored in the controller 17 memory.
A report request panel 32 (FIGS. 1 and 3) cooperates with the controller 17 to initiate production on a printer 33 of selected nursing call reports. For example, the nursing supervisor may request printout of all calls made by a specific patient during some time period. To this end, the supervisor dials in the patients room num- The request panel 32 (FIG. 3) also includes an on-off switch 37 controlling power to the entire system 15, and a clear" switch 38 used to empty the memory of the controller 17. When the clear switch 38 is depressed, the entire contents of the controller 17 memory is written out by the printer 33. However, words relating to calls in progress are reentered in the memory, so that such records are not lost.
As described below in conjunction with FIG. 7, the controller 17 transmits along the outbound buss 20 a series of serial, binary coded interrogate words each containing an address associated with one of the stations 19. The interrogate words are received by all of the stations 19, but only that one station having the address specified by the interrogate word transmits a response word back to the controller 17. Circuitry to accomplish such address recognition and response word transmission is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, with related waveforms being shown in FIG. 6.
Referring to FIG. 6, the waveform 41 illustrates two consecutive interrogate words 41a, 41b transmitted via the output buss 20. Each interrogate word begins with a start bit 42 (always a binary 0 followed by a six-bit address code 43 identifying the specific station 19 which is being interrogated. This is followed a data field 44 consisting of four binary 0 bits. Station status and bed identification data is inserted into this field 44 by the responding station 19. Finally, there is a stop field 45 consisting of several binary 1 bits. Note that the interrogate word 41b is identical to the preceeding word 410, except that the address codes of the two words are different.
At each station 19 (FIG. 4), the incoming interrogate words are supplied via an inverter 47 and a NAND gate 48 to a shift register 49. As soon as the start bit 42 is received, the output of the inverter 47 goes high to trigger a gate input one-shot 50 (a monostable multivibrator). The output of the one-shot 50, on a line 51, is high for a period of time encompassing reception of the address and data fields 43, 44 of the incoming interrogate word 41. This output (see waveform 510, FIG. 6) gates on a clock 52 which supplies shift pulses via a line 53 to the register 49. As a result, the incoming interrogate word is shifted into the register 49. A counter 54 counts the shift pulses on the line 53 and provides on a line 55 an address strobe pulse 55a (FIG. 6) at the time when the interrogate word address field 43 is present in the shift register locations 49g through 492. Thus the address strobe pulse 55a occurs when the entire interrogate word 41 has been shifted into the register 49.
The interrogate word address is compared with the address of this station 19 by a coincidence detector 46 (FIG. 4) enabled by the strobe pulse 55a. If there is coincidence, meaning that this station 19 is being interrogated, the coincidence detector 56 will produce an output pulse on a line 57 causing a gate output" flip-flop 58 to be set. The resultant 1 output of the flip-flop 58 (waveform 59a, FIG. 6) on the line 59 enables a NAND gate 60 to permit transmission of a response word to the controller 17 via the inbound buss 21.
When address coincidence is detected, the signal on the line 57 also enables four AND gates 61a 61a which gate wait" and service status signals (designated WAIT and SRVR respectively) and bed identification bits (designated BDBO and BDBI into the data field 44 (FIG. 6) in positions 490 49fof the shift register 49.
The gate output signal 59a on the line 59 continues to enable the clock 52, so that additional shift pulses are produced on the line 53. As a result, the word in the register 49, including the present station address and the contents of the data field 44, is shifted out via the line 62 and the enabled gate 60 to the inbound buss 2]. This data stream constitutes the response word 63 (FIG. 6) transmitted back to the controller 17. Transmission is terminated when the counter 54 supplies an SCLR pulse 64a (FIG. 6) on a line 64 to reset the gate output flip-flop 58.
If this station 19 (FIG. 4) is not being interrogated, the address coincidence detector 56 will produce no output when enabled by the strobe pulse 55 a, and the output gate flip-flop 58 will not be set. The gate 60 will remain disabled, preventing transmission of a response word. Simultaneously, however, that other station 19 which is being interrogated will transmit a response word onto the inbound buss 21.
Circuitry provideing response status and bed identification data is shown in FIG. 5. Referring thereto, when a dome light 24 goes on to indicate that a nurse has been called, the associated photocell 26 provides an output which is used to set a wait flip-flop 67. When so set, the l output of the flip-flop 67 supplies the WAIT signal on a line 68. The wait" flip-flop 67 is reset, and a service" flip-flop 69 is set when any of the bed switches 28a 28d is closed. Resetting of the flipflop 67 terminates the WAIT signal, while setting of the service flip-flop 69 initiates the service (SRVR) signal on a line 70. When one of the switches 28a 28d again is closed, indicating that the nurse has completed service to the patient, the flip-flop 69 is reset, causing the SRVR signal to be terminated.
The wait flip-flop 67 is not set immediately after the dome light 24 goes on. Rather, a time delay is introduced to prevent proudction of the WAIT signal when the dome light 24 flashes on and off, as in an emergency condition. To this end, the photosensor 26 is connected via an inverter 71 and a NAND gate 72 to a relatively large (typically 5 mfd) capacitor 73. The capacitor 73 is charged via a resistor 74 when the photosensor 26 provides an output; at the end of the charg ing period, a high signal occurs at one input 75 of a four-input NAND gate 76. The NAN D gate 76 also receives as inputs the 0 outputs of the wait and service flip-flops 67 and 69, and a signal, supplied via the inverter 71 and another inverter 77, which is high only when the photosensor 26 is illuminated by the dome light 24. The NAND gate 76 output is connected via a line 78 to the set (S) terminal of the wait" flip-flop 67. Accordingly, the four inputs to the NAND gate 76 all will be high, and the flip-flop 67 will be set, only when (a) a delay time established by the capacitor 73 has passed since the dome light 24 went on, (b) the dome light 24 is still on, and (c) neither of the wait nor the service flip-flops 67, 69 is set, i.e., the station 19 is not already in a wait or service condition.
When the flip-flop 67 is set as just described, the WAIT signal on the line 68 goes high, and the wait light 27 goes on. To accomplish such lamp turn-on, the 0 output of the flip-flop 67 is inverted by a NAND gate 79, thereby providing an output which turns on a transistor 80 to supply current to the lamp 27.
The patient may terminate the nurse call before a nurse responds. This occurs when the patient resets the call button 22 associated with the nurse annunciator system, thereby extinguishing the dome light 24. In such instance, the output line 81 from the inverter 7] (FIG. 5) will go high at the same time that the 1 output of the wait flip-flop 67 is high. This will cause the output of a NAND gate 82 to go low, thereby producing a negative-going signal at the reset (R) terminal of the flip-flop 67. This terminal previously was held high by a voltage supplied via a resistor 83. The negative-going signal will reset the wait" flip-flop 67 to the 0 state, terminating the WAIT signal on the line 68.
Normally the WAIT signal will remain on until the nurse closes one of the switches 28a 28d, thereby setting one of four bed flip-flops 84a 84d in response to a toggle input provided via the corresponding one of four inverters 85a 85d. This causes the service" flipflop 69 to be set, and the wait" flipflop 67 to be reset in the following manner.
When a "bed" switch 280 28d is depressed, one of the four O-output lines 860 86d from the flip-flops 84a 84d will go low, producing a high output on a line 87 from a NAND gate 88, and producing a negative-going output on a line 89 from an inverter 90. This signal on the line 89 causes the service flip-flop 69 to be set to the I state. The resultant high output on a line 91 is inverted by a NAND gate 92 to reset the flip-flop 67, thereby terminating the WAIT signal.
The signal on the line 91 is inverted by a NAND gate 93 (enabled by the SCLR pulse 640 on the line 64) to provide a negative going transient which sets an SRVR" flip-flop 94 to the I state. The resultant output on the line 70 constitutes the SRVR signal which is used to set the service" status bit in the response word transmitted back to the controller 17. Use of the SCLR pulse to enable the NAND gate 93 insures that a wait status signal will be transmitted back to the controller 17 in the instance when a nurse depresses one bed button to terminate the service period to one patient, and quickly thereafter depresses another bed button to begin the service period for another patient in the same room.
At the beginning of the service period, the wait lamp 27 goes off and the service lamp 29 goes on. This is achieved using a NAND gate 95 and a transistor 96 which cooperate to supply current to the lamp 29 when the service flip-flop 69 is set. Resetting of the wait flip-flop 67 causes the NAND gate 79 and transistor 80 to turn off current to the *wait" lamp 27.
The service period ends when the nurse again closes one of the switches 28a 28d (FIG. This causes the corresponding flip-flop 84a 84d to be reset. so that the output of the NAND gate 88 again goes low. The resultant negative going signal on the line 87 resets the service" flip-flop 69, causing the signal on the line 91 to go negative. This in turn resets the SRVR flip-flop 94, terminating the service SRVR signal on the line 70. Thereafter the next response word transmitted to the controller 17 indicates complete status.
The bed of the patient requesting service is identified by which switch 28a 28d is closed. The one flip-flop 84a 84d set by such switch closure provides a high output on one of the four lines 97a 97d directed to a binary encoder 98. The encoder 98 translates the oneof-four code on the lines 97a 97d to a 2-bit binary code on the lines 99a and 99b. These bits, designated BDBO and BDBI, are supplied to the data field of the response word in the shift register 49 to designate which bed has requested service.
In the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 7, the controller 17 includes a station interrogator 110 which generates the interrogate words 41 (FIG. 6) transmitted via the outbound buss 20. The start, data and stop fields 42, 44, 45 of each interrogate word are generated by maintaining the fixed bit format of these fields in a pair of registers 111, 112. Just prior to the transmission of each word, this fixed data is transferred from the registers 111, 112 to a shift register 113 via a gate 114. A gate enable signal is supplied from a clock 115 via a line 116. The station address code for each interrogate word is generated by a modulo-N counter 117 which is incremented by the timing signals on the line 116. The contents of the address generator 117 are transferred via the gate 114 into the shift register 113 locations corresponding to the interrogate word address field 43. The complete interrogate word thus gated into the register 113 is shifted out to the outbound buss serially in response to shift pulses provided via the line 118 from the clock 115.
In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the station interrogator 110 produces words 41 which successively interrogate N stations 19. Advantageously, each of the N stations 19 is interrogated once per second by providing address increment pulses on the line 116 at a rate of UN per second, and by shifting each interrogate word out of the register 20 at a rate of l/N'n) bits per second, where n is the number of bits in each interrogate word and N is the number of stations in the system. In such instance, the shift pulses provided on the line 118 occur at the rate of l/Nn per second.
The contorller l7 maintains a record of all nurse request calls in a random access memory 120 (FIG. 7). The contents of the memory 120 advantageously are arranged as shown in FIG. 8. A call word having the format 121 (FIG. 8) is established by the controller 17 each time a request for service is initiated at any station 19. The call word includes a station address and bed identification field 122, a status field 123, a time of call field 124, a wait time" field 125 and a service time" field 126.
As each call word 121 is generated in response to a new service request from some station 19, the word is placed in the next available, higher order memory storage location of the memory 120. This next available location is identified by the contents of a register 127 (FIG. 7) associated with the memory access control unit 128. Thus in the example of FIG. 8, storage locations 1 6 of the memory 120 contain call words associated with completed or current requests for service. All higher order memory storage locations are empty. The next available storage location (location 7) is specified by the contents of the register 127.
Each response word 63 (FIG. 6) received by the controller 17 via the inbound buss 21 is entered in a shift register 130 (FIG. 7). The memory 120 then is searched. If the memory 120 contains a call word associated with a current reuest for service from that station, the word is read out, and the memory storage location of the word is entered into a register 129. The read out word then is modified as required, and replaced into the memory 120 at the same location. If the incoming response word indicates that a nursing call has just been initiated, a new call word is established.
To accomplish such memory searching and word modification, as each response word is received at the register 130, the memory control unit 128 accesses successive call words from the memory 120 beginning at the location identified by the register 127, and proceeding backward (i.e., in decreasing order) through successive storage locations. The contents of the address field 122 of each call word is compared by an address comparator 131 with the station address of the response word in the register 130, which address is present on a line 132. When coincidence is detected, searching terminates; and the accessed call word associated with the responding station then is available for modification as required, in accordance with the contents of the response word data field 44.
If no call word associated with the responding station is found in the memory 120, and if the response word indicates that a nurse call has been initiated, a new call word is established in the memory 120 at the next available storage location. The address of the station requesting service, present on the line 132, is entered into the address field 122 of the new call word by means of appropriate address field modification circuitry 133. The time of call is entered into the field 124 of the new word by means of appropriate time field modification circuitry 134 which receives a real time output from the clock 115. The wait" status is entered into the status field 123 by means of appropriate circuitry 135, and the new word is placed in the memory 120 at the storage location specified by the register 127. The register 127 then is incremented to identify the next available storage location.
If a call word associated with the responding station was accessed from the memory 120, the call word contents are modified as necessary. Thus, the contents of the call word status field 123 are compared with the status bits from the data field 44 of the response word in the register 130. These status bits are supplied via a line 136 to a status comparator 137. If the station status is unchanged since the last interrogation, no modification of the call word status field 123 is required. However, the appropriate wait time" or service time" field 125 or 126 is incremented by the time field modification circuitry 134. In this manner, the call word fields 125 and 126 function as accumulators to talley the wait" and service" times.
If a wait" status is indicated, the wait time field 125 is advanced by a time increment advantageously provided by the clock 115 via a line 138. This time increment equals the amount of time taken by the controller 17 to interrogate all stations 19. Thus, where N stations are interrogated in a period of one second, the time increment is one second. This time increment is added to the wait time" field 117, so that the current contents of that field indicates the elapsed time taken to respond to a call. In FIG. 8, storage location 4 contains a call word in the *wait" status. If the responding station is in the service status, the circuitry 134 increments the call word service time" field 126 by a like time increment.
If the status of the station providing the response word currently in the register 130 has changed since the last interrogation of that station, the comparator 137 will indicate a difference between the call word status field 123 and the status indicated on the line 136. In this instance, the circuitry 135 appropriately will modify the call word status field 123 from wait to service or from service" to complete'. The corresponding wait time" field 125 or service time" field 126 is incremented a final time, so that the contents of the incremented field will specify the total time taken to respond to the nurse call, or the total time spent in service to the patient.
When the change from wait to service status is detected, an identification of the bed requesting service also is entered into the call word. This is accomplished by means of the address field modification circuitry 133 which receives the bed ID from the response word via the line 132.
After modification, each call word is returned to the memory 120 where it is maintained for subsequent modification, and for printout when a report is requested. The typical memory 120 contents shown in FIG. 8 includes call words associated with complete nursing service requests together with calls current in wait" and *service" status.
A call report is requested by depressing the call report switch 35 on the request panel 32 (FIG. 3). This causes the control unit 128 (FIG. 7) to access call words from the memory 120, beginning at the lowest storage location and progressing forwardly through successive locations. The station address and bed identification of each culled word is compared by the comparator 131 with the address set on the request panel selection switches 34 (FIG. 3). If there is coincidence, indicating that the accessed call word relates to a nursing request made by the designated patient, the word is printed out by the printer 33. This operation is repeated until the entire contents of the memory 120 have been scanned. The result is a call report such as that shown in Example I above.
Other reports such as the summary report of Example II also may be prepared using the controller 17. To produce a summary report, all of the call words associated with a particular bed are culled from the memory 120. The contents of the service time fields 126 of these words are summed by an adding circuit (not shown) and printed out, together with the bed identifcation and a talley of the number of such call words, corresponding to how many requests for nursing ser vice were made by the identified patient. Note that the sum of the service times represents the total amount of nursing assistance provided to the designated patient. The process is repeated for each bed, thereby obtaining a summary report such as that shown in Example ll above.
The flow chart of FIG. 9 illustrates the operational sequence repeated by the controller 17 each time a complete response word is received at the register 130. The sequence is initiated (block with a backward search (block 151) to retrieve from the memory 120 the latest call word having the same station address as that specified by the response word. If a call word is found (block 152) the operation proceeds via the path 153 to the block 163. If no word is found, indicating that no previous request for service has been recorded, the response word status bits are scanned (block 154) to determine if a nurse call has been initiated. If so, the bits will indicate a wait" status and the path 155 will be followed to the block 157; if not, the program is exited via the path 156.
Blocks 157 through 161 A new call word is established each time a new request for service is received. The station address, present on the line 132 (FIG. 7) from the register 130, is entered by the circuitry 133 into the address field 121 of the new call word. The wait status is entered in the field 123 by the circuitry 135. The time of call is entered in the field 124 by the circuitry 134. The new call word is placed in the memory 120 at the next available storage location specified by the register 127, the contents of which register then is incremented. The program is exited via the path 162.
Block 163 The call word culled from the memory 120 (block 151), although associated with the station currently being interrogated, may relate to a previously completed nursing service call. If so, the call word sta tus will be complete," and a new call word must be established. In this instance, the block 163 is exited via the path 155 to the block 157. If the culled word relates to a service request still in process, the path 164 is followed to the block 165.
Block 165 The status bits of the response word in the register 130 are compared with the status field 123 of the culled word from the memory 120. If the status is unchanged, the path 166 is taken to the block 168; if a change in station status has occurred since the last interrogation, the path 167 is taken to the block 175.
Blocks 168 through 170 If the station remains in either a wait or service" status, the corresponding wait time or service time" field 125 or 126 of the call word is incremented by the circuitry 134. The program continues via the path 171 to the block 172.
Block 172 The modified call word then is returned to the same memory storage location, as specified by the contents of the register 129. The program is exited via the path 173.
Block 175 If the station status has changed since the previous interrogation, the contents of the call word status field 115 is checked to determine if the previous status was wait." If so, the path 176 is taken to the block 178. If the previous status was service," the path 177 is taken to the block I85. Block 178 If the station status has gone from wait" to service," the path 179 is taken to the block 18]; if the new status is complete," the path 180 is taken to the block 184.
Blocks 181 through 183 The change from wait" to service" results in corresponding modification of the call word status field 115. The bed identification, now present in the response word, is entered by the circuitry 133 into the call word address field 122. The call word wait time" field 123 is incremented a final time, to indicate the total time taken in response to the call for service. The modified call word is returned (block I72) to the same memory storage location.
Block 184 If the patients call for service is termi' nated before the nurse responds, the station status will go from wait" to complete." In this instance, the call word status field 115 is changed to complete and the word is returned to the same memory location. Alternatively, the call word may be deleted from the memory 112.
Blocks 18S and 186 The service time" field 118 is incremented a final time to indicate the total time of service provided to the patient. The new station status is determined. If the new status is complete," the path I87 is followed to the block 189. Ifthe status went from service" to wait," indicating that the nurse has completed service to one patient in the room, but that another patient in the same room needs assistance, the path I88 is taken to the block 190.
Block 189 Upon completion of service, the status field 123 is changed to complete and the call word is returned (block 172) to the same location in the memory 120.
Blocks 190 and 191 The call word status field is modified to complete" and the word is returned to the same location in memory. The program then branches back via the path 155 to the block 157, to establish a new call word for the service request made by the other patient in the same room.
The operational sequence illustrated in FIG. 9 may be carried out by the controller 17 utilizing hard-wired logic circuitry. Alternatively, the controller 17 may include a stored program specifying the steps of FIG. 9 together with circuitry to execute the stored program. As yet another alternative, the controller 17 itself may consist of a general purpose digital computer programmed with appropriate instructions to carry out the operations of FIG. 9.
Numerous variations may be made to the illustrated system. For example, the station 19 may include additional switches, actuated by the person responding to a call, to signal the type of service provided to the patient. Thus, the nurse may depress the switch (FIG. 2) marked M if medication is provided, or may select the switch T" or to indicate treatment or other service respectively. Appropriate circuitry, similar to the flip-flops 84a 84d and the encoder 98, may be utilized to introduce bits into the response word data field designating the type of service. Other switches (not shown) may be provided to indicate the type of personnel (e.g., registered nurse, licensed vocational nurse, orderly, etc.) responding to the call. This information, signaled back to the controller, may be entered in the associated call word to provide the basis for more detailed statistical analyses of nursing service requirements.
Other variations include the use of a separate switch at the station I9 to be depressed by the nurse upon response to the call, or upon completion of service. That is, the switches 28a 28d may be used only for bed identification, or may be dispensed with entirely, in favor of a separate switch or switches actuated at the end of the wait and service periods. Instead of a photocell to sense an illuminated dome light, the initiation of a nursing call may be indicated via direct connection between the station 19 and the nurse call button system. Alternatively, the nurse call button system may be dispensed with entirely, and the inventive system also used for the purpose of initially summoning the nurse.
Instead of interrogating all stations via a common buss, each station may be separately connected to the controller, with internal scanning in the controller used to determine when changes in status have occurred at each station. Different interrogation and response word formats and coding of course may be used.
Although particularly useful in a health care facility for recording nursing calls, the present system is by no means so limited. Thus the system can be used in any application where it is desirable to maintain a record of when certain personnel have reached or are present at a particular station location, and/or when such personnel have completed some operation at that location. In this regard, although the term nurse is used throughout the description and claims, it is to be understood that this term encompasses not only nurses and other health care personnel, but also personnel of any other sort and occupation. Intending to claim all novel, useful and unobvious features shown or described, the inventors make the following:
We claim:
I. A multistation personnel verification and elapsed time recording system, including:
a plurality of remote stations, each remote station including;
means for transmitting a request-for-service signal,
a service switch means to be actuated when a call for service is answered and when service has been completed, and
circuitry for providing to a controller, in response to actuation of said service switch means, service answered" and service completed" status-indicating signals,
a controller, including;
storage means,
means for receiving said request for service signal and said status-indicating signals from each of said remote stations,
means for establishing a record upon receipt from any remote station of a request-for-service signal, said record containing the identification of the station transmitting said request-for-service signal, a wait time" portion for recording the elapsed time between when a call is requested and answered, and a service time portion for recording the elapsed time between when a call is answered and completed,
a time block, and means, cooperating with said time clock, for updating portions of said record each time that remote station provides one of said status-indicating signals said updating means entering into said wait time" portion the elapsed time between receipt of said request-for-service signal and subsequent receipt of said service answered status-indicating signal, said updating means entering into said service time" portion the elapsed time between receipt of said service answered signal and subsequent receipt of said service completed status-indicating signal.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said controller includes:
means for periodically sequentially interrogating each of said stations, and
wherein the wait time" and service time" portions of record initially are zero, and wherein the means for updating the record includes;
first means for incrementing the contents of said wait time portion each time the station associated with that record is interrogated, the amount of time by which said contents is incremented equaling the amount of time between successive interrogations of the same station,
said first means for incrementing being initially responsive to said request for service signal, the incrcmenting by said first means being terminated in response to receipt of said service answered" status indicating signal; and
second means for incrementing the contents of said service time portion each time said associated station is interrogated, the amount of time by which said contents is incremented equaling the amount of time between successive interrogations of the same station,
said second means for incrementing being initially responsive to receipt of the service answered status indicating signal the incrementing by said second being terminated in response to receipt of said service completed status indicating signal.
3. A system according to claim 2 wherein:
said means for interrogating includes;
means at said controller for transmitting to each station sequential interrogate words, each word containing the identification address of an interrogated station, and
means at each station for receiving all of said sequential interrogate words and for transmitting back to said controller a response word only in response to coincidence between the identification address in the interrogate word currently received and the identification address of that station, said response word containing the identification address of that station and a status indicating signal.
4. A system according to claim 1 further including call report means for providing a list of all requests for service originating from a particular station, compriss;
selection switch means for specifying said particular station, a printer. and access means for accessing from said storage means all of the records containing the identification of the particular station specified by said selection switch means, and for causing said accessed records to be printed by said printer to provide said list. 5. A system according to claim 1 further including summary report means giving an accumulative record of total service for each station comprising;
first means for accessing from said storage means each of the records containing the identification of a particular station,
second means for summing the contents of the service time" fields of all of the accessed records associated with said particular station to obtain a total service time, and
read-out means for providing a visual indication of the identification of said particular station and of the total service time for that particular station.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 9, 1954
|Jul 21, 1959
|Standard Electric Time Company
|Inter-communication system
|Oct 2, 1963
|May 10, 1966
|Given Edmund L
|Room status indicator
|Jan 8, 1965
|Mar 19, 1968
|Sangamo Electric Co
|Supervisory control system
|Mar 1, 1965
|Oct 22, 1968
|Burroughs Corp
|On-line banking system
|Sep 12, 1968
|Feb 23, 1971
|Searle Medidata Inc
|Multiphasic medical screening system
|Oct 2, 1969
|Dec 21, 1971
|Gen Electric
|Data acquisition and identification system
|Sep 18, 1969
|Dec 28, 1971
|Electro Tech Appliance Service
|Status-signalling system
|Apr 15, 1970
|Sep 12, 1972
|Community Bank
|Control system for audio-visual devices connected by cables
|Apr 28, 1970
|Oct 17, 1972
|Schlumberger Instrumentation
|Method and apparatus for addressing different data points from a central station
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 21, 1987
|Mar 7, 1989
|Motorola, Inc.
|Speak back paging system
|Aug 2, 1991
|Aug 3, 1993
|General Motors Corporation
|Synchronous manufacturing service request and acknowledge panel circuit
|Mar 17, 2000
|May 7, 2002
|Toys For Special Children, Inc.
|Personal care monitoring system
|Jul 15, 1998
|Sep 9, 2003
|Benton Sill Coons
|Customer service system with feedback and method for operating
|Feb 2, 2001
|Jan 16, 2003
|Arthur Koblasz
|Patient monitoring devices and methods
|Oct 25, 2004
|Jun 16, 2005
|Coons Benton S.
|Commercial communication system
|Mar 18, 2004
|Sep 22, 2005
|Edwards Systems Technology, Inc.
|Two-wire dome light power and control system
|U.S. Classification
|705/2, 340/313
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Hadrians Barn
|No clasificado
Tastefully decorated in French style, the Hadrian's Barn offers privacy with open plan lounge and dining area. A separate bedroom which has twin beds and a contemporary shower room. Giving you plenty of private space to relax.
French windows lead off all rooms on to the garden terraces.
Extra attention to detail has been added to make your stay special.
You will find the following:
Three hundred count cotton bed linen.
Fluffy white dressing gowns and slippers
Fresh flowers.
Whether you are walking/cycling or attending a wedding at Close House Country Club (which is within walking distance or two minutes drive) this is the perfect location. We will also drive you to and from Close House if required.
Cómo llegarVer las indicaciones proporcionadas por el hotel
Heading west on the A69 from Newcastle upon tyne, follow the signs for Heddon on the Wall. Continue through Heddon (going past the petrol station), and head head for Horsely. About 300-400 yards out of Heddon there are three road signs (road narrows, road bend, beware of horses), just infron of these signs there is a little track going up a hill on the left hand side. Take this track and you will come to hadrians barn
Estaciones de tren:
Metro Centre (Gateshead)
Sitios de interés:
Newburn hall motor museum
Metro Centre
Kirkley Hall Zoological Gardens
Great North Run Start Point


text:
With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
***Note: I have to finish the very last bits and this instructable will be fully complete. In this step by step tutorial, I will be showing you how ...
Materials: -Theo Jansen Leg Kit (the provided .stl files) -(x9) 1' x 3/32in stainless steel rods -(x1) 1' x 3/16in stainless steel rod - Wax paper - J-B ...
Where I found my dimensions was on this image. I used these dimensions and scaled the legs to what i wanted. Then I plotted the ligaments to where ...
In this step, I will show you how to 3D Print your kit using CatalystEX. This step may not apply to you if you do not own this ...
In this step we will be cutting the rods for the Leg joints and the Crank Shaft Assembly. -(step1) First, take your ruler and line it up with ...
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Revolving Door
Who's coming and who's going. Tell us about your job move! Receive the Revolving Door Newsletter with expert analysis by email twice a week.
June 17, 2014: Shelby Miller has been named multimedia journalist at WATE in Knoxville, Tenn. She had been reporter and video journalist at WLNS in Lansing, Mich. (TVSpy)


text:
Molinaro, a Conservative Party member, said he was endorsing Cuomo because Paladino could not bring about the cooperation necessary to manage New York's record budget deficit.
N.Y.'s Cuomo: Infidelity claims in gov race hurtful →
"He would not be able to govern New York state. New York state, in my opinion, would shut down if he were governor," Molinaro said.


text: Kind of surprised that the latest crusader in the war on women is a woman herself albeit an un****able hag of a woman which may explain what has her so worked up about men seeing other women's nipples. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/...xposure_n_2695720.html?utm_hp_ref=mostpopular When will Republicans learn that this morality police BS is hurting them more than it's helping them? Wanna kill these ads? We can help!


text:
Heart Disease Health Center
Women and Heart Disease: Key Facts You Need to Know
Which one of the following statements is true?
- Each year, heart disease claims the lives of more women then breast cancer and lung cancer combined.
- A greater percentage of women die within one year of a heart attack than men.
- The death rate of African-American women due to cardiovascular disease is greater than white women.
- Diabetes is a risk factor for heart disease.
The answer: All of them. And experts say they represent only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the facts that many women, and even some doctors, don't realize about women and heart disease.
Recommended Related to Heart Disease
Milk Thistle: Benefits and Side Effects
Milk thistle (silymarin) is a flowering herb related to the daisy and ragweed family. It is native to Mediterranean countries. Some people also call it Mary thistle and holy thistle.
Read the Milk Thistle: Benefits and Side Effects article > >
"Women tend to think that breast cancer is their biggest health threat. And while it's important, heart disease remains the No. 1 killer of women, even young women. But that message just hasn't been fully recognized," says cardiologist Nicea Goldberg, MD, director of the Women's Heart Program at NYU Medical Center and author of the new book Complete Woman's Guide to Women's Health.
Dave Woynarowski, MD, agrees. "If you look [at] how many women get heart attacks and how many women die of heart attacks, you would be stunned; still, many women just don't seem to realize how great a threat heart disease really is," says Woynarowski, an internal medicine specialist from West Reading, Pa.
The American Heart Association (AHA) reports that 42.1 million women had cardiovascular disease in 2004, resulting in some 461,000 deaths.
Moreover, Woynarowski says too often the symptoms and risk factors of heart disease go unnoticed, sometimes even by doctors.
"Even in the emergency room, many times doctors will attribute a woman's symptoms to something other than heart disease. There is simply not enough awareness on either side of the stethoscope," he says.
To help get up to speed, take WebMD's Women's Heart Health Quiz. Find out what you need to know about the symptoms and risk factors of heart disease in women, and what steps you and your doctor can take to protect you.
The WebMD Women's Heart Health Quiz
1. True or False: As long as my cholesterol and blood pressure are normal, I don't have to worry about having a heart attack.


text:
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30.07: World of O MiniNews
WUOC 2016: All You Need To KnowJuly 31st - August 4th: The World Orienteering University Championships (WUOC) is organized in Misko...
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30.07: Ursula Kadan Facebook
O-Ringen: Review with mixed feelings... Let`s pretend m...O-Ringen: Review with mixed feelings... Lets pretend my main goal for O-Ringen was to enjoy the Swe...
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28.07: Thierry Gueorgiou Training Log
Stage 4 of O´ringen, at ...Stage 4 of O´ringen, at Sälfjället.Well, it is easy to be wise after the event, but ...
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26.07: Thierry Gueorgiou Training Log
Stage 3 of O`ringen, sprint at...Stage 3 of Oringen, sprint at Lindvallen.Awesome! Loudest sprint ever?! Those people around 4th cont...
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29.07: Gernot Kerschbaumer Facebook
Thanks for a nice and challenging Oringen week in Sälen...Thanks for a nice and challenging Oringen week in Sälen and to everybody who made this arrangem...
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30.07: Mari Fasting
Fjelluft, balsam for sjelen…Her er en litt sneak peak pÃ¥ en av de flotteste treningsdagene mine sammen med Ola og Alexandre i B...
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Brompton World Championships 2016
Just a day to go now until the Brompton World Championships. The bike is serviced, decided to leave on the mud guards and rack but I've taken off the mud flap and front bag holder. What to w ...
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MTB-O: MONDIALE JUNIOR, AZZURRI 5° POST... 20160730-1315 - Italian O-Federation
MTB-O MONDIALE 2016 LONG: DALLAVALLE 6°... 20160729-1822 - Italian O-Federation
C-O: I CONVOCATI PER IL MONDIALE SVEDESE 20160729-1626 - Italian O-Federation
Large boulder - sign 207 Middle boulder - s... 20160729-1519 - Orienteering Mappers Int. Facebook
Brompton World Championships 2016 20160729-1034 - MTB-O: Mark Stodgell
MTB-O: LA LEGGE DI FOLIFOROV E VINOGRADOVA 20160727-1746 - Italian O-Federation
EDOC: LUIGI LEROSE PARTE SUBITO BENE, 3°... 20160727-1042 - Italian O-Federation
Jukola 2016
Jukola is a Finn phenomenon in orienteering – held since the late 1940s it has become one of the largest orienteering events in the world, this year attracting around 18,000 competitors. It&rsqu ...
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Holidays on Heb
We have been meaning to go to the Outer Hebrides for years, the sheer distance and logistics of ferries kept putting it off but this year we planned early and headed north. We took the ferry from Uig ...
Interland 2017 – Vets Selection Policy
The selection policy for Vets for the 2017 Interland is now available from the following link: Interland 2017 – Vets Selection Policy
Interland 2017 – Junior Selection Policy
The selection policy for Juniors for the 2017 Interland is now available from the following link: Interland 2017 Junior Selection Policy
Funny how quickly time passes and how history repeats itself.
In this case I can flash back three years, before the World Championships in Finland, when I was lucky enough to spend time with the Nur ...
20:11 - Tessa Hill. Ranked 1494th
Back in the game
Last weekend marked four months back training and was my first attempt at 'racing' orienteering again. It was full of mixed emotions. Amazing to be back at races I never thought I'd ...
Its a whole week since the European Championships finished. I meant to write something during, or sooner after, but that race bubble and then recovery takes a while, even (and maybe especially) when t ...
Sprint Scotland 14-17th July
High quality sprint orienteering including 6 training sessions, 3 races, 2 WREs, 2 Scottish Urban League races and 1 UK Urban League race, plus evening talks from Kris Jones, Murray Strain and Heather ...
French World Cup choices.
I'm not going to write much about my performances in France for the first round of the IOF World Cup. Although satisfied with the results (double gold) my performances were nothing spec ...
Last weekend I finally, properly put myself on the line at 10Mila in Falun. Id run my first proper all-out training on the Wednesday evening of that week, which was a great feeling, and was ready at l ...
08:11 - Tessa Hill. Ranked 1494th
A grand day out: 5 munros near Bridge of Orchy
It's hard to say what I missed the most in my year out: the routine of the daily miles, the adrenaline of a world championship start line, or the breathtaking views from mountain summits. At lea ...
Ive never been good at running slowly. Keeping to a pace, running in line with a group. Im usually busy having fun, varying the speed, getting distracted and exploring like a child playing in the fore ...
Interland 2016 – Report
A report on the Interland match held in Belgium on the 21 February 2016 can be viewed from the link below: Interland 2016 report
SHI 2016 – Selection Policy
The selection policy for seniors for the 2016 Senior Home International is now available from the following link: SHI 2016 – Selection Policy
AGM 2016 Minutes
The minutes of the 2016 AGM held at Brown Clee on Saturday 30th April are available from the link below: AGM 2016 Minutes
NEW OMM event - Chilterns
The OMM LITE series comes to the Chilterns.
The 2 day orienteering event has been very popular in the Peak District and Yorkshire Dales and will be in the Chilterns in July. The event has been a big ...
Harvester Entries Now Open!
NGOC is organising the Harvester Relays this year, at Cleeve Common, near Cheltenham. Enter on Fabian4. You can make a full weekend of relay racing as there is a nearby low-key relay on the afternoon ...
I broke my E5 :-(
Gutted. Getting my White E5 out of the garage the other day (it was clean for a change) I noticed a huge crack in the frame on the down tube 🙁 it's a shame but the frame i ...
Pimping the Brompton for racing
I've now sorted the Brompton into racing spec 🙂 Longer seatpost Lightweight saddle SPD pedals Hard compound suspension rubber. I've left on the rack and mudguards until a ...
Things have generally gone well but still a little up and down from day to day.
20:31 - Tessa Hill. Ranked 1494th
How are you?Good thanksIts so nice to be able to answer that question positively. Or just to have an answer. For over a year, I didnt know how I was. I didnt know why I felt like I was going to have a ...
Its well-known that suffering an injury or other health problem is not fun for any athlete and the loss of usual ability and training routine can leave you confused, anxious and with a great perceptio ...
Life, changes, and new challenges
My life is very much in a different place to where it was 1 year ago. HJ and I are engaged, but not living together (while he's studying abroad). HJ retired, and I'm now riding for ...
Hej from Uppsala! Im finally back after rounding off the Iberian winter in style. The Linne International Orienteering N-course camp, which happened to generate the handy acronym LION, is over after 1 ...
Brompton World Championships – I've got a...
Well, after not much to tell I've entered an event, got an entry and now have something to train for…. The Brompton World Championships! http://www.brompton.com/Events My Bro ...
A week alone in a camping hut might not always be the answer but at least for me last week, it was. I had eight days between orienteering camps and chose to spend them running in Spain rather than fly ...
Scottish Spring 2016 - entries now open
Scottish Spring 2016 (22nd - 24th April)
Offers you a weekend of high quality orienteering in Pitlochry:
Dark Thistle Night Race - TBC
JOK Chasing Sprint - Faskally (UK Elite Orienteering League)
Interland 2016 – England Team
The final England Team for the Interland Cup 2016 on 21 February at Maria ter Heide (Brasschaat), near Antwerp, Belgium is available from the link below: Interland 2016 – England Team The li ...
Last Thursday I drove up from Lisbon to Portugal O Meeting. Its one of my favourite race weekends and this year the open, rocky and bushy terrain was very challenging. Unfortunately for me it coincide ...
One week ago I left the Swedish winter behind and headed to Lisbon. I was part of a small group of British runners for this Sprint-focussed camp but Linne clubmate Annika Bjork made a cameo at the wee ...
Devon and Cornwall Night League at Saltram House - 30th Janua...
Hobbled around this nice little course yesterday evening, thought the planner did a good job in the total lack of terrain, it must have made planning difficult. Managed to get around in the 4.9km cou ...
As expected, returning to Uppsala two weeks ago was like walking into a freezer and of course the cold and snow affected training. Life goes on even in low temperatures but that shorts and vest from S ...
Riding in dizzying circles and endless corners!
Round three of the Merida Brass Monkeys was originally due to be held the first Sunday after New Year. Due to several huge deluges of rain, pretty much all of the UK was flooded, and those areas that ...
20:26 - Helen Palmer. Ranked 101th
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On New Years Day, as Sweden started getting colder and it carried right on raining in the UK, I carried on chasing the sun to Punta Umbria, Spain, with the British team.
Quantock Orienteers Night Orienteering - Bridgwater
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VHI 2016 – Vets Selection Policy
The selection policy for veterans for the 2016 Veterans Home International is now available from the following link: VHI 2016 – vets Selection Policy
WJHI 2016 – Junior Selection Policy
The selection policy for juniors for the 2016 Ward Junior Home International is now available from the following link: WJHI 2016 – Junior Selection Policy
Soggy Bottom Winter Series
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Welcome to my new corner of the Internet! It felt like I needed a fresh page and Ive had fun playing about with different layouts and design features. Ill see what else I can add as I go but I hope it ...
15:40 - Helen Palmer. Ranked 101th
Ekte jul
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Interland 2016 – Bulletin 1
The 2016 Interland Cup international against Belgium, the Netherlands and NE France is to be held on 21 February in the woods and dunes of 'Maria ter Heide (Brasschat)' NE of Antwerp, near ...
21:57 - Helen Palmer. Ranked 101th
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Fun and pain – NorgesCup rds 5&6
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VHI 2015 – Team Manager's Report
A report on the Veteran Home International match held in Mid Wales on the 3-4 October 2015 can be viewed from the link below: VHI 2015 Report
Peak Raid 3 mini mountain marathon series 2015
The second series of the popular Peak Raid 3 mini mountain marathons return this autumn.Read whole story...
Norwich City Urban Race
Sunday 1st November
Enjoy a run through our fine medieval city on a brand new mapRead whole story...
Tryvannscross – Toughest CX Race in the World conte...
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World of O MiniNews WUOC 2016: All You Need To Know (30.07 08:00)
Thierry Gueorgiou Training Log Stage 4 of O´ringen, at ... (28.07 20:00)
Gernot Kerschbaumer Facebook Thanks for a nice and challenging Oringen week in Sälen and... (29.07 21:00)
Mari Fasting Fjelluft, balsam for sjelen… (30.07 15:56)
Danish O-Federation WUOC 2016 (30.07 01:00)
Norwegian O-Federation Offensiv gjeng med høye ambisjoner! (30.07 02:34)
World of O MiniNews Summer-O 2016: Fjord-O 2016 (29.07 05:00)
Thierry Gueorgiou Training Log Stage 4 of O´ringen, at ... (28.07 20:00)
World of O MiniNews Summer-O 2016: Fjord-O 2016 (29.07 05:00)
O-Ringen Follow DH21 Elit live via Livelox (29.07 12:00)
O-Ringen High standard in the pursuit at O-Ringen (29.07 18:00)
Gernot Kerschbaumer Facebook 4th stage at Oringen. After a rainy chair-lift travel to the... (28.07 19:22)
O-Ringen The favorites chasing the victory (28.07 23:50)
Norwegian O-Federation - Nå skal jeg hjem og prikke VM-formen (29.07 11:58)
Thierry Gueorgiou Training Log First stage of O´ringen ... (24.07 18:00)
Thierry Gueorgiou Training Log Second stage of O´ringen... (25.07 18:00)
Thierry Gueorgiou Training Log Stage 3 of O`ringen, sprint at... (26.07 23:50)
Thierry Gueorgiou Training Log Stage 4 of O´ringen, at ... (28.07 20:00)
World of O MiniNews Summer-O 2016: Swiss O-Week (25.07 05:00)
Gernot Kerschbaumer Facebook Second day of Oringen in Sälen - well - quite disappointing... (25.07 15:36)
Gernot Kerschbaumer Facebook The 3rd stage - Elitesprint at Lindvallen - hold what it pro... (27.07 12:21)
World of O MiniNews WUOC 2016: All You Need To Know (30.07 08:00)
World of O MiniNews Summer-O: O'France 2016 (22.07 09:40)
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Gernot Kerschbaumer Facebook 4th stage at Oringen. After a rainy chair-lift travel to the... (28.07 19:22)
Gernot Kerschbaumer Facebook Satisfying start into Oringen with a 7th place. I had to fig... (24.07 21:22)
Tim Robertson Facebook Not your average sprint today at Oringen! Amazing atmospher... (26.07 22:48)
Portuguese Orienteering Blog Simona Aebersold: A moment, a comment... (25.07 05:00)
Gernot Kerschbaumer Facebook Thanks for a nice and challenging Oringen week in Sälen and... (29.07 21:00)
Daniel Hubmann Facebook SOW stage 4 was a real orienteering challenge in a beautiful... (22.07 20:16)
O-Ringen Follow DH21 Elit live via Livelox (29.07 12:00)
O-Ringen High standard in the pursuit at O-Ringen (29.07 18:00)
O-Ringen O-Ringen started off with a success (24.07 22:00)
O-Ringen Itâs an even fight in the junior classes (26.07 18:00)
O-Ringen Fast running in the mountain of Dalarna (25.07 22:00)
World of O Summer-O 2016: FIN5 (23.07 08:00)
O-Ringen O-Ringen is an unbeatable meeting poin (26.07 20:00)
Norwegian O-Federation God sprint av Dæhli under O-ringen (26.07 19:41)
Mari Fasting Fjelluft, balsam for sjelen… (30.07 15:56)
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text:
Definición de adobo en inglés:
sustantivo (plural adobos)[mass noun]
1A Filipino dish of chicken or pork stewed in vinegar, garlic, soy sauce, bay leaves, and peppercorns.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- The Philippine Embassy ladies will participate in the mela and introduce everyone to cuisine like chicken adobo, garlic rice, pancit or vegetarian and non-vegetarian noodles, Philippine chicken barbecue and other delicacies.
- In the Philippines, nipa vinegar is used to prepare chicken adobo and paksiw.
- I tried the Thai green curry, Filipino adobo and Malaysian satay; all delicious.
1.1The marinade in which adobo is cooked.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- There are three salads and then several Oriental Specialties including a Filipino adobo braised pork spare ribs.
- Meat is often marinated in a seasoning mixture known as adobo, which is made from lemon, garlic, pepper, salt, and other spices.
2 (also adobo sauce) A paste or marinade made from chillies, vinegar, herbs, and spices, used in Mexican cooking to flavour meat or fish.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- It is large enough to serve as lunch for two or three, and luxuriously flavoured with pork adobo and with chilli.
- The adobo marinade may be used to marinate raw meat for up to twenty-four hours before grilling or roasting.
- Grilled flank steak is marvelously roast-beefy, sinewy and heady with adobo spice.
Spanish, literally 'marinade'.
For editors and proofreaders
Saltos de línea: adobo
Definición de adobo en:
¿Qué te llama la atención de esta palabra o frase?
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Muy popular en Reino Unido
Muy popular en Australia
= de moda


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C'est un logiciel qui permet de trouver tous les diviseurs d'un nombre allant de 1 à 99999999999999999 (17 chiffres). Il vous indique également si c'est un nombre premier et son nombre de diviseurs.1 weekly downloads
Extended C Library
Extended C Library1 weekly downloads
GRAND UNIFIED BOOT LOADER FOR USB1 weekly downloads
Morse Master
Morse Coder / Encoder1 weekly downloads
Open CWorthy
Open CWorthy clone for Linux, DOS, and Windows written by Jeffrey Vernon Merkey. This Library resembles the Cworthy Interface deployed with Novell NetWare. This multithreaded library supports VT100, VT220, Linux, and XTerm, Windows and DOS.1 weekly downloads
Triplets / Triple
Ce logiciel recherche tous les triplets pythagoriciens que l'on peut former avec un nombre allant de 1 à 99999999. / This software looks for all the Pythagorean triple which we can form with a number going from 1 to 99999999.1 weekly downloads


text:
A Capital Idea- How a Pile of Unpaid Bills Led to Washington, D.C.
The following is an article from Uncle John's Bathroom Reader You probably know that the "D.C." in Washington, D.C., stands for "District of Columbia" and that the district is not part of any state. But do you know why America's Founding Fathers placed such importance on creating a capital outside of any state? We owe it all to piles of […]Read more