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Coast to Coast Tickets is the place for great deals on concert, sports and theater tickets!Follow @CTCTickets
To buy Infected Mushroom tickets online, please select the show from the Infected Mushroom schedule below. On CoastToCoastTickets.com you'll find premium Infected Mushroom concert tickets for all Infected Mushroom concerts as well as comprehensive concert schedules and information. We're happy to help you find sold-out tickets to Infected Mushroom concerts online or by phone at 1-866-353-5167.
|Sorry, no Infected Mushroom tickets are available at this time.
The infected mushroom is popular among the music lovers of today as the group has taken the music industry by storm by their creativity. It is well evident through their synthetic rhythms, layered melodies and hypnotic music arrangements. Their music can be rightly termed as "Psychedelic Trance" as they let all other music lovers fall into a trance with theirs. Amit Duvdevani and Erez Eisen, the Israel bred and the LA based duo performs under the name, infected mushroom. They are known for an array of musical instruments that they play, such as acoustic guitars, synthesized basses, tempo and drums. With a multimedia backdrop to perform, their music fever has received worldwide acclamation. Gaining a rank among the "10 best DJs" by the UK's DJ magazine, this duo has created a niche for their self invented music talent.
Erez Eisen was born in Qiryat Yam, Israel on 8th September 1980. He learnt classical music and began playing musical instruments when he was only 4. He was also trained to play the classical piano at the age of 8 and became well versed in computerized music when he was 11 years old. He also began playing impulse tracker and then proceeded to play with high advanced software in musical composition. He then began to work with DJ Jorg and with other top notch psytrance artists at the age of was 18. He released three albums and lots of tracks under various psytrance monikers. One among them is Shiva Shidapu. Amit Duvdeni was also born in Israel on 7th November 1974 and had a musical background. He began playing piano at the age of seven and played it for nine long years. He then proceeded towards punk rock and heavy metal. He got trained to play keyboards and also wrote the lyrics for Enzyme, Hanifa punk rock band. His first party was in 1991 and this was a memorable experience that triggered hid trance music interest. This year, the duo is getting huge popularity for their new invention, "FungusAmongUSTour" that offers a new experience of 3D mapping with sensational music.
Coast to Coast Tickets is the place for great deals on concert, sports and theater tickets!Follow @CTCTickets
Please Note: Infected Mushroom tickets may be sold for more than the price listed on the ticket. Unless specifically stated, we are not affiliated with any official Infected Mushroom website, any Infected Mushroom box office or any Infected Mushroom fan clubs, partners, or sponsors.
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The summer is a great time to set up your meal plan. Check out voluntary meal plans online here, or stop by RSC Room 235 for more info! Purchase a Meal Plan
Flavours of Summer Limited Time Catering Offers Click for Menu
Check out menus and more for Shocker Dining Hall here! Click for more info.
Check out Shocker Sports Grill and Lanes! View hours and more at their website!!
Don't worry, we offer the Simple Servings menu at Shocker Dining Hall. Click here for more information
Making Meal Plan purchases fast & easy! Click Here!
Registering and signing in allows you to interact with Campus Dining Services the way you want.
You can even use an ID you may already have - including Google, Yahoo, and more!
- Register Now - or - Sign In -

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Musician's Network Meeting Minutes 7/11/2016
Officer Announcements:
Equipment Manager: I run the studio, so if you need anything recorded, come talk to me. If you want to learn more about the studio, email me at email@example.com.
IT: I run the website, gtmn.org, where you can find minutes and old editions of Lint & Loose Change. I have nothing specific to say this week.
Booking: If you're interested in booking a show, come talk to me.
Advertising Officer: We have a show Saturday with Ten Dollar Empire, Cinnamon Kyle, Pinkest, and a fourth band to be announced.
Secretary: I organize and send out meeting minutes. If you need to join OrgSync or get on the mailing list, come talk to me.
Social Chair: Last week's video game night was a success! Thanks to everyone who came.
Advertising Officer: We have lessons! See below for more information.
Open Mic: I run Open Mic nights every Thursday from 8 to 11. After every open mic, we'll have a jam session, so bring your instruments! I also run the YouTube channel, so if there's anything you want to see, or you want to get involved with filming or photography, come talk to me. In addition to all that I also run live sound in the space, so shoot me an email if you're interested in learning live sound.
General Manager: I run the space during the day. We'll be having daytime events during the summer! I am also in charge booking for all GT Orgs events at firstname.lastname@example.com. GT Orgs must pay for a sound engineer to work the space. Further details are on the website.
Treasurer: Dues are $10 yearly, practice fees are $15 per semester. Pay dues before booking practice time.
Vice President: I am in charge of booking practice times, so after paying dues and practice fees, come talk to me. If you have any other questions, come talk to me. After practicing in the space, make sure you have the info desk lock up the space.
General Announcements:
Ryan: This Friday we'll be having Groovy Friday! It's a club tradition in which we sit outside on Skiles walkway from 3-5 and play music.
Krish: This Saturday (or maybe Friday) we're doing a house show at my house. If you're interested in coming, talk to me.
Jed: I'm playing that house show, and I'm also releasing an EP! It doesn't have a name yet.
Austin Cheshire – Live sound – Contact for details at email@example.com
Chris Deese – Studio sound – Contact for details at firstname.lastname@example.com
Luis Rosa – Drums – Individual with appointment – Contact for details at firstname.lastname@example.com
Ryan Konopka and Daniel Dotson – Voice – Group or individual with appointment – Contact for details at email@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com
Jonathan Zalzman – Guitar – Contact for details at email@example.com
Justin Thornburgh – Keyboards – Contact for details at firstname.lastname@example.com


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News Archive
Tips To Keep Your Family Safe And Warm In Winter Storm Power Outages
The winter storm warning, the first major snowfall for the St. Cloud area and the expected high winds could bring possible power outages.
The Federal Alliance for Safe Homes gives several tips to keep your family warm and safe during a power outage caused by a winter storm.
Always keep a supply of flashlights, candles, batteries and a battery powered radio on hand for weather updates. Don't run a generator inside a home or garage, especially a gas powered generator, as it needs a well-ventilated area. Keep extra cash on hand, in case of an extended power outage when ATM's aren't accessible. If using a gas heater or fireplace to stay warm, make sure the area is well-ventilated.
When power is restored, wait a few minutes to turn on major appliances to decrease the chance of a power surge disabling your appliances.
FLASH says a good way to prepare your supplies and family are to include winter storm power outages in your family disaster plan.
Latest News
St. Cloud Police To Recognize 33rd Annual National Night Out
Motorcyclist Hospitalized In Serious Condition In St. Cloud After Crash Saturday
Sports Schedule
Audio Feeds
Subscribe to what interests you. More information about podcasts and software.


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Sheba Turk
Revolving Door
Who's coming and who's going. Tell us about your job move! Receive the Revolving Door Newsletter with expert analysis by email twice a week.
August 16, 2013: Sheba Turk has been named anchor of The 504 on WUPL at WWL in New Orleans. She had been associate producer there. (TVSpy)


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Pets for Sale in Oceanside, California(1 - 15 of 16,807)
$300 Great Yorkie puppies ReadyYorkshire Terrier · Robinson Ranch, CA… . Call OR Text for more details at (443) X 300 X 7688Daniel T. · 15 hours ago
$500 GXMJFD Scottish fold kittens excellent pedigree. [phone removed]Scottish Fold · Sun City, CADewormed and vaccinated. Litter box trained. Can deliver to other states and worldwide. Don't miss your little happiness!.kindly text me ...Ethan W. · 15 hours ago
$1,000 sphynx catsSphynx · San Diego, CAHi my name is josue and I'm selling this beautiful 100% pure sphynx kittens, you can reserve your kitten with 300dlls i only accept paypa...Abraham G. · 1 day ago
$1,200 Purebred Brazilian Fila - Brazilian Mastiff PuppiesFila Brasileiro · San Diego, CAFCI Registered. Healthy, Beautiful Fawn male & female puppies available. Currently 4.5 weeks old. DOB 6/25/16. Ready for forever homes on...Paradise Fila Brasileiro · 2 days ago
$1,200 Fila Brasileiro Puppies For SaleFila Brasileiro · San Diego, CAPure Bred Fila Brasileiro Puppies for Sale. Registered FCI in Puerto Rico. Born 6/25/2016. Ready for forever homes only 8/20/2016. Males ...Paradise Fila Brasileiro · 2 days ago
$75 Munchkins w/long-legs and Scottish Folds w/straight-ears Shts/Wrmd/1yrGuarMunchkin · Vista, CAEight great kittens from Munchkin litters and Scottish Fold litters that have regular length (LONG) legs and STRAIGHT ears, but still hav...Charlotte P. ·4 listings · 2 days ago
$400 Siamese Choc Pt M and Seal Pt F CFA Champ lines Sht/Wrm/1yr guarSiamese · San Diego, CAThese 2 beautiful, sweet, and loving Siamese kittens will STEAL your heart! They are total lovers, with wonderful, sweet personalities, p...Charlotte P. ·4 listings · 2 days ago
$500 Belgian Malinois puppyBelgian Shepherd Malinois · San Diego, CAI have a litter of 2 Belgian Malinois puppies that need a new home. 2 Females are for sale. pictures are current as of 7/19 These puppies...John M. · 4 days ago
$1,600 German Shepherd puppies for saleGerman Shepherd · Temecula, CAAKC Registered. Sire is a Czech import with high play drive and natural protection. Dam is German import lines with wonderful loyal tempe...Smoking Gun Ranch German Shepherds · 4 days ago
$2,500 Akc English Bulldog PuppiesBulldog · Menifee, CAI currently have 3 male AKC English Bulldog Puppies left for sale. My only female is sold already. They were born June 4th, We are taking...Kathleen G. · 5 days ago
$1,600 german shepherd puppiesGerman Shepherd · Temecula, CABeautiful dark sable import pedigree puppies born on July 16, 2016. Puppies are AKC registered, shots, wormed, and health guarantee. Acce...Smoking Gun Ranch German Shepherds · 5 days ago
$600 Rottweiler PuppiesRottweiler · San Diego, CAI have a litter of purebred Rottweiler puppies. Born 6/8/16 and will be ready for their new homes 8/8/16. They are NOT papered. Their d...Arly S. · 6 days ago
$750 AKC Black Toy Poodle PuppiesPoodle · San Diego, CAWe currently have 2 toy poodle puppies available (1 girl and 1 boy) - Ready to go. AKC registered. Mom is an AKC champion, both grandpare...Melzano's P. · 1 week ago
$1,500 F1B Goldendoodles Reds/Apricots (CKC)Goldendoodle · Menifee, CAJust arrived on 7-16-16 These 11 Beautiful Goldendoodles,7 boys & 4 Girls will be ready for their new homes by 9-10-16. These F1B'S are 7...Susan L. · 1 week ago
$550 Bengal M Brown Spotted 13wksBengal · San Diego, CAI have a GORGEOUS, sweet, playful Male Brown Spotted Bengal kitten 13 wks old, $550. Super soft with beautiful glitter. Great loving pers...Charlotte P. ·4 listings · 1 week ago
Listings on Oodle Marketplace Ann Arbor Pets | Boston Pets | Charleston Pets | Charlotte Pets | Chicago Pets | Cleveland Pets | Knoxville Pets | Lancaster Pets | Louisville Pets | Miami Pets | Nashville Pets | Newark Pets | Pittsburgh Pets | Portland Pets | Springfield Pets. Find used cars, used motorcycles, used RVs, used boats, apartments for rent, homes for sale, job listings, and local businesses on Oodle Marketplace.
Safety Tips
Safety Tips
- Meet the seller and pet in person
- Don't wire money or take advance payments.
- Only pay for shipping if you know the seller.
To learn more, visit the Safety Center. Report suspicious listings by clicking on .


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Home of NEW WAVE SOFT PLASTICS and JD RODS
Jeff Steenbergen - FLW/BFL Angler
Sapulpa Oklahoma
Trevor Yates East Central University Angler, Ada Oklahoma
Norman Oklahoma
Mark Wheaton FLW BFL Angler
Guthrie Oklahoma
Chance LaVelle
Sayre Oklahoma
Ben Merritt
Waurika, Oklahoma
Interested in joining Team Basskwondo? Contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com
IMPORTANT NOTE: I get absolutely bombarded with sponsorship requests throughout the year. There simply isn't enough time in a day to deal fairly with everyone on an individual basis. I will save your request in a special email folder marked "Unread" until the end of the year. At that time, I will evaluate all applications and choose applicants who best represent the interests of the company. I usually contact new staffers sometime in December.


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These guidelines have been prepared in order to assist the operation of the European Business Test Panel (EBTP). The guidelines will be provided to companies which have been invited to become members of the Panel with a view to clarifying the roles and responsibilities of panellists, national co-ordinators and Commission services.
1. Panel membership
2. Company information
3. Contact person/e-mail address
4. Participation in consultations
5. Passwords
6. Withdrawal from the Panel
7. Access to results
8. Timetable for consultations
9. National Co-ordinators - your contact points
10. Data security and confidentiality
1. Panel membership
A company can apply for membership to the national coordinator in the country
where the company is located. Membership is voluntary and lasts for an undetermined period, with a minimum of one year. Companies are expected to participate actively in consultations. Members are free to indicate publicly that they participate in the EBTP.
Companies which have signed up as members of the Panel are expected to provide a
limited amount of information on the nature of their business activity e.g.
sector of operation, number of employees, whether they import or export
products/services across borders within the EU or outside the EU. This
information will only be used to ensure statistical representativity and to
facilitate more detailed analysis of results. Members will enter this
information themselves when they register, and will be asked to inform their
National Co-ordinator to update this information as necessary. This information
about the company will be automatically entered in the specific fields (sector,
size etc) each time they participate in a consultation.
Companies which accept to become members of the Panel will designate a
contact person who, in turn, will take responsibility for ensuring that the
appropriate staff of the company contributes to completeing the online
questionnaire. Companies shall provide the name of the contact person upon
Companies will also provide an e-mail address to which invitations to consultations and associated documents/information will be sent. It is important that National Co-ordinators are informed about changes of the EBTP contact person or his/her e-mail address.
The Commission will conduct a maximum of 6 to 8 EBTP consultations per year.
Consultations will be conducted by means of the Internet. These may concern a
variety of issues, both of a general and specific nature, which are likely to
impact substantially on European companies.
The consultations will be conducted at a sufficiently early stage in the policy-making process, so that different options can still be examined and likely impacts considered. The questions will often seek to gauge views on alternative options and cost-benefit aspects. The Commission may also use the EBTP to ask more general questions, e.g. about the functioning of the Internal Market.
The Commission will work with Member States' national co-ordinators to ensure that online questionnaires are as clear as possible. When devising the questionnaires, particular attention will be paid to the time needed to complete it. Questions will as much as possible be structured (i.e. multiple choice form) and the amount of free text will be limited. Panel members are expected to participate in consultations and reply within a reasonable period that will be specified in each case. Panellists will be able to work in their own languages when registering and replying to questionnaires.
In order to achieve a result that is representative for EU business at large companies are expected to participate actively in each consultation. In order to reduce the workload in cases where a Panel member is not interested in a particular topic, each consultation will start with a question on relevance. A consultation that you do not consider relevant or interesting to your company will therefore be quickly replied to as 'not relevant'.
Those who fail to participate regularly in consultations will be contacted and may finally be excluded from further participation in the Panel.
Each panellist will be given an individual username/password by the Commission.
The password will allow panellists to participate in consultations.
Log-on details used for on-line consultations should not be divulged to non-company personnel and should be safeguarded. In the event that a password is lost or compromised, the Commission services will issue a new password.
Membership is voluntary and lasts for an undetermined period. In the event that
a company wishes to withdraw from the Panel, this should be communicated to the
National Co-ordinator as soon as possible.
The Commission will inform panellists about the overall statistical results of
the consultations conducted through the EBTP. At a later stage, panellists will
also learn about how their views have been taken into account in the further
development of the policy under consideration. Information on results and policy
considerations will be placed on this website.
Panellists will have a minimum of ten working days within which to reply to a
consultation. Where there is no urgency and/or where the content of the
consultation is more complex, this period will be considerably longer. A
reminder to reply to an ongoing consultation may be sent to companies which have
not yet responded.
Each Member State has nominated a national co-ordinator who promotes the
business test panel in his/her Member State and liaises with national business
organisations and panel members. The national co-ordinator contacts companies or
business organisations for recruitment purposes. If you want to become a member
of the panel, the co-ordinator will answer any queries you may have about
membership and consultations.
The Commission will protect all data (company information etc) supplied by
panel members. Individual replies and opinions expressed during the consultation
process will be kept until the results have been completely analysed and will be
deleted when they have been fully exploited, generally within 3 years from the
end of the consultation. The Commission will not disclose or attribute views
expressed by individual panellists and will only publish aggregate data on the
results of consultation exercises
For further information on data security and confidentiality click on Privacy Statement in the left bar.


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Innovation Biological MicroscopeThe premium choice for cytologists, doctors, and researcherslearn more
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Our team's innate desire to leave a positive footprint where we go is evidenced when you call for questions and receive a live voice or the occasional returned phone call where our team shows itself to be knowledgeable, helpful, courteous, and ready to offer solutions. For twenty years, this has been our heartbeat, and it shows with the tenure of our staff and the loyalty of our customers.


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Welcome to Armed Global Warfare ARK!
ARK releases version 243, with some new dino's, a new Redwood Forest biome on the Island map & a lot more, take a look...
Version: v243
* New Creature: Titanosaurus!
* New Item: Gas Mask!
* New Item: Herbivore "TastyCakes"
* New Item: Chain Bola Ammo for Ballista Turret!
* New Structure: Retractable Rope Ladders!
* New Structure: Tree Sap Taps!
* New Structures: Wood and Metal Tree Platforms!
* New Mechanic: Custom Tripwire Alarm Notifications via SurviveTheArk.com (E-mail and Forum). Optionally Tribes can post to arbritrary URL, if they have a custom system! Now if someone's raiding your base, you can get on top of it! Note: you need to be in a Tribe (even a Tribe of one by yourself) for this feature to be utilized!
* Biome Update: Snow Extension & New Redwood Forests (this is a major environmental overhaul!)
* Ruins
* GroundClutter effect extended 50% further and +20% more GPU efficiency
* Approximate +5% GPU performance improvement related to more efficient foliage culling
* Approximate +10% Server CPU gains related to more network multi-threading
* Added option to disable Inventory Sounds.
* Balled Doed's are no longer invincible to Tamed Dino melee attacks -- now just very, very resistant to them.
* Magnfiying Glass now displays creature Torpor stats (on Wild creatures too).
* Tribe Alliances now disabled in Offline Raid mode (too complex to determine if anyone in an Alliance is around), C4/Traps can no longer be placed near Offline-Raid Protected Structures, and Offline-Raid mode now forces all Structures to be Lockable so that players can "Lock" Crop Plots to prevent their turrets from being disabled.
* New Server Option: "?PreventTribeAlliances=true" to prevent tribe alliances
* Engagement with Wild Naturally-Fleeing & Small creatures (tiny bugs etc) no longer trigger combat music
* Tamed Dinos that are following a submerged allied Target will not attempt to float to the surface of the water, but rather will attempt to stay at the depth of their allied Target. (helpful when deliberately going deep-diving your tamed land Dinos). However, Dinos that are capable of suffocating will try to surface if they are out of Oxygen regardless!
* Vaults can no longer be dropped onto saddle platforms
* Transfer-All/Drop-All methods now only drop/transfer what is currently disabled in the inventory, respecting any filters/folders you may have active (so for example, if you're within a folder, it will only transfer those items, or if you have a text filter active, etc).
* Fixed an issue where pillars were not being calculated correctly as foundations when building pillars downwards
* Massive +33% rendering gains with any translucent rendering (particles, greenhouse windows, etc). Yay for eliminating unnecessary SceneColor resolves!
* Game.INI values to scale the the 5 kinds of XP earned: Generic (automatic over time), Crafting, Harvesting, Killing, and SpecialEvents: "KillXPMultiplier","HarvestXPMultiplier","CraftXPMultiplier","GenericXPMultiplier","SpecialXPMultiplier" (all 1.0 by default)
* Tamed & Wild Gigas Damage reduced by 50%, Wild Giga HP reduced by 40%, Tamed Giga Run Speed reduced by 30%, Tamed Giga HP reduced by 25%, Giga Stamina Increased by 30%. Tamed Gigas now require/consume 50% less food for subsistence.
* Tamed Ptero Damage reduced by 30%
* Fixed a rare PhysX crash that would bring down servers on occasion. Seemingly free of any more PhysX-crashes now!
* Fixed bug where Wild Giganotosaurus and other dinos would not respawn properly until the server was relaunched.
* Added two additional levels to gain, for Players and Dinos
* Server Note: To allow your Server's Titanosaurs to be permanently tamed (namely allow them to be Fed), launch your server with this commandline option: ?AllowRaidDinoFeeding=true
However, note that TheIsland currently only spawns 3 Titanosaurs whatsoever, so 3 Tamed ones would ultimately block any more Wild ones from spawning.


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If you have troubles since the update to WordPress 4.5 please read this post before opening a new thread.
Could you please tell me how to reduce the space between the horizontal bar and post/page content.
I have a slider, a callout, horizontal line, page/post area. The page content is icons similar to the sample page for the Flagship theme.
Thank you!
Your assistance is greatly appreciated!
Hi achieve1,
Try to add this code in your Quick CSS(located in Flagship > Theme Options > Styling) or custom.css (can be accessed via ftp located int wp-content/themes/flagship/css):
.hr {
margin: 0;
or, this one if the code above doesn't work:
.hr {
margin: 0 !important;
Hope this helps.
Worked beautifully! Many thanks!!
The topic 'Reduce space between horizontal bar and page content' is closed to new replies.


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Selling at this level is like selling HP at 11 and changes
Sentiment: Strong Buy
Except HPQ is a large multinational company that has always had access to the capital markets and is a household name. If you listened to the conference call they were very careful in the words they chose regarding the need for capital. Didn't confirm or deny the need. But we were warned that dilution is coming.
I recently added to an already large position even though they did say that part of the money due in the months ahead to third party could be paid in cash, and stock, and the stock portion to one that they intend to issue is around 14 million dollars. They also have a similar option with another party they will owe in the coming year. As for finances,,,They said currently they did not intend to issue stock for more capital and hoped to skirt by the issue, but did not discount doing so if needed.
um, no. they said NO dilution is coming. Are you daft?


text:
This business is not BBB accredited.
Dolan Oil Service Inc.
Phone: (717) 938-8080 955 York Haven Road, York Haven, PA 17370
BBB Business Reviews may not be reproduced for sales or promotional purposes.
BBB Accreditation
This business is not BBB accredited.
Businesses are under no obligation to seek BBB accreditation, and some businesses are not accredited because they have not sought BBB accreditation.
To be accredited by BBB, a business must apply for accreditation and BBB must determine that the business meets BBB accreditation standards, which include a commitment to make a good faith effort to resolve any consumer complaints. BBB Accredited Businesses must pay a fee for accreditation review/monitoring and for support of BBB services to the public.
Reason for Rating
BBB rating is based on 13 factors. Get the details about the factors considered.
Factors that lowered the rating for Dolan Oil Service Inc. include:
- 1 complaint(s) filed against business that were not resolved
Factors that raised the rating for Dolan Oil Service Inc. include:
- Length of time business has been operating
- Complaint volume filed with BBB for business of this size
Customer Complaints Summary Read complaint details
|Complaint Type
|Total Closed Complaints
|Advertising/Sales Issues
|Billing/Collection Issues
|Delivery Issues
|Guarantee/Warranty Issues
|Problems with Product/Service
|Total Closed Complaints
Read Complaints |
| BBB Complaint Process |
File a Complaint against Dolan Oil Service Inc.
See Trends in Complaints on Dolan Oil Service Inc. | View Complaints Summary by Resolution Pie Chart on Dolan Oil Service Inc. Complaint Type Pie Chart: Overview
Customer Reviews Summary Read customer reviews
|Customer Experience
|Total Customer Reviews
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|Total Customer Reviews
Read Customer Reviews | Submit a Customer Review | See Trends in Customer Reviews on Dolan Oil Service Inc.
Additional Information
Business Category
Oils - Fuel


text:
[Picture] The Sunday Times make a big splash that Wayne Rooney wants to join Chelsea
The broadsheets are in agreement on Sunday as, following the Telegraph's report that Chelsea are to bid £40m for Wayne Rooney, the Sunday Times has followed suit. A big glossy picture from the Sunday Times has been circulated with the unmissable headline; Rooney – I want to be united with Jose. The picture also comes with […]
Arsenal target £15m Luiz Gustavo as Bayern Munich look to trim their squad [Sunday Mirror]
The Sunday Mirror have picked up on rumours which have been floating about online for a couple of days now, that Arsenal are tracking Bayern Munich midfielder Luiz Gustavo. Matt Law has claimed that Arsenal hope to sign the Brazilian for £15 million. Law writes: Arsene Wenger has added Bayern Munich midfielder Luiz Gustavo to his summer […]
Chelsea loanee Marko Marin scores for Sevilla v Universidad Catolica
Gil Vicente 2 – St Etienne 2
Newcastle suffer a 3-1 defeat to Rio Ave
[gthumb id="337238″ size="large" autoplay="0″]
Rio Ave 3 – Newcastle 1
Panama hit Cuba for six at the Gold Cup
[gthumb id="337230″ size="large" autoplay="1″]
Panama 6 – Cuba 1
Chelsea plan to bid £40m to lure Wayne Rooney from Man United [Sunday Telegraph]
The Sunday Telegraph have splashed their backpage with news that Chelsea are planning a new bid for Wayne Rooney. According to the broadsheet, the Blues are getting ready to bid £40 million in order to try and get Rooney away from Old Trafford. The Telegraph's article comes after another week in which David Moyes told journalists […]
Real Madrid boss Carlo Ancelotti forgets his English, trolls a journalist during a presser
There was a funny moment during Carlo Ancelotii's press conference at Real Madrid on Saturday. While the main soundbites at the presser surrounded Ancelotti's denial that Cristiano Ronaldo could leave the club this summer, there was a comedy moment when the former Chelsea gaffer failed to understand a question posed to him in English. After struggling […]


text:
Dick Harmon: Determined Skyler Ridley has become a key part of BYU's talented receiving corps
"He was always known for getting open," said Kevin. "He had a reputation for being quick." Although Skyler ran a 4.7 40-yard dash in high school, which he's improved on, it wasn't clock speed that enabled Kevin's son to impress. It was game speed.
"I'd say I'm more like that game-speed player," said Skyler. "Coming out of high school, people wanted to see that 40 time speed come down, but when I get on the field with that adrenaline it helps me to turn on the jets."
Holliday pinpoints why Ridley's game speed supersedes his timed speed.
"That comes from having a high football IQ," said the coach. "If you don't necessarily have all the physical attributes you can overcome that mentally by working and understanding the game. He knows how to find and work the seams and we're working with him to get out of press coverage. He doesn't drop passes; he's always there; he works very hard, is always there in practice, and he's a leader. Players look up to him and when there's ever a question, he's there to help teammates. You tell him one time and it's fixed. That's what you like as a coach."
In this regard, he is like one of his heroes, current San Francisco 49ers receiver Austin Collie, whom he first met when Collie came off his LDS mission and Ridley was a walk-on. Collie never had blazing speed, but he got open. Defenders couldn't cover him and he became BYU's all-time leading receiver.
Some will call this sacrilege, but if you watch Ridley day in and day out, Ridley reminds you of Collie. Much of what he does technically, he learned personally from Collie.
In addition, Robert Anae's offense enables a player like Ridley to take advantage of angles, attack pace and put pressure on secondaries. In playing alongside Hoffman, Apo and Mathews — more physically talented players who draw defensive attention — Ridley thrives.
"The schemes BYU coaches are putting in help us to take advantage of each individual player; it isn't based around one particular person. It's about being fast and taking advantage of weaknesses and we've been able to do that so far in camp," said Ridley.
Ridley credits Collie for teaching him the tricks of the trade, like how to come out of the top of routes — things that work in getting a defender to turn his hips. "I'm not as much of a deep threat, but the things I do in the first 10 yards allow me to get open — whether I'm going on a deep route, curl route, comeback or whatever we run," said Ridley. "Turning hips is something we are always trying to do and he taught me how to sell the deep route. Coach Holliday is always talking about feet, arms and head, but a lot of what Austin shared with me when I was a freshman is to turn hips, so when they turn one way, you go the other way. His routes were incredible."
Unafraid of work
Murrieta Valley High School is located on the Santa Rosa plateau on the west end of the valley. It is an area that's produced current Cougars Tyler Beck and AJ Moore in addition to their senior teammate Ridley.
If you drive down Nighthawk Way or Washington Avenue you can see a monument to the work ethic of Skyler Ridley, who as his high school student body president used his Eagle Scout project to transform the face of the school's baseball field.
When he was 17 years old, Ridley organized volunteers from all of Murrieta's baseball programs (freshman, sophomore, varsity) and members of his LDS ward to raise the center-field fence by 30 feet. It included setting new footings to support a giant batting cage. He went to local businesses for donations of materials and money, and then organized the construction after obtaining permissions, permits and district approval. To this day, it is a key element of the school's baseball program and community little league and Pony League programs.
Skyler Ridley is not afraid of work.
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text:
Latest Activity: Played Swords and Sandals 3: Solo Ultratus (Feb 28, 2016 10:09am)
Points needed for next level: 63 Level
You know that name you just clicked? Yeah, the one that said Aindiachai. It had feelings too. You shouldn't have done that. It like getting poked just as much as you do.
Paulverizer11 = Painhertz. No doubt.
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text: Hosted by Decatur Library and Georgia Center for the Book, THOMAS CAHILL discusses A Saint on Death Row: The Story of Dominique Green, a tale following Green's sentence to death row in Huntsville, Texas. The New York Times bestselling author met the young man and immediately went to war for his life as he faced an unjust death sentence. Although the fight for Green's life was unsuccessful, his story continues to be told through those who fought for him while uncovering a failed American justice system. Free. 7 p.m. First Baptist Church Decatur, 308 Clairemont Ave., Decatur. 404-370-8450. www.georgiacenterforthebook.org.


text:
NFL hopefuls excited for the draft
NFL hopefuls in Manhattan talk about their excitement and anxiety heading into Thursday night's NFL Draft. Videojournalists: Nick Klopsis and Chris Ware (April 24, 2013)
Newsday.com now uses Facebook for our comment boards. Please read our guidelines and connect your Facebook account to comment.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 6, 2012
|Filing date
|Jan 28, 2003
|Priority date
|Jan 28, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Osman Ahmed
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Industry, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (34), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/352,452, filed Jan. 28, 2002, and which is incorporated herein by reference.
Cross reference is made to co-pending application entitled "Building Control System and Fume Hood System for Use Therein Having Reduced Wiring Requirements", Ser. No. 10/353,110, filed on even date herewith, and which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to building control systems, such of the type that control heating, ventilation, air conditioning, fire safety, lighting, security and other systems of a building or facility.
Building control systems are employed to regulate and control various environmental and safety aspects of commercial, industrial and residential facilities (hereinafter referred to as "buildings"). In ordinary single-family residences, control systems tend to be simple and largely unintegrated. However, in large buildings, building control systems often consist of multiple, integrated subsystems employing hundreds of elements.
For example, a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning ("HVAC") building control system interrelates small, local control loops with larger control loops to coordinate the delivery of heat, vented air, and chilled air to various locations throughout a large building. Local control systems may use local room temperature readings to open or close vents that supply heated or chilled air. Larger control loops may obtain many temperature readings and/or air flow readings to control the speed of a ventilation fan, or control the operation of heating or chilling equipment.
As a consequence of the interrelationship of these control loops, many elements of a building control system must communicate information to each other. To this end, communication networks have been incorporated that transmit digital data between and among the various elements in accordance with one or more sets of protocols. By way of example, one or more local area networks using Ethernet or other standard protocols are often used to effect communication between elements and subsystems.
A drawback to the current state of HVAC systems is the amount of wiring involved in connecting all of the elements of the system in a large building. A large building may have hundreds of sensors, room controllers, and actuation devices. All of these elements must be interconnected in some manner so that both local and overall control operations may be carried out. Installation of the large number of wires required to accomplish such interconnection is labor intensive, and requires significant material cost.
As a consequence, there is a need for a building control system that reduces the wiring requirements of the current systems.
The present addresses the above needs, as well as others, by providing a building control system that incorporates wireless communications and/or microelectromechanical ("MEMS") technology. By incorporating wireless communications, at least some of the wiring employed for data communication may be eliminated. Preferably, such a system employs MEMS sensor elements that may be incorporated into sensor modules that include both the sensor element and a local RF communication circuit. By employing MEMS sensor elements and local RF communication circuits, power requirements are reduced, and sensors may be implemented with stand-alone power sources, for example, batteries. Battery powered sensor modules may be implemented completely without wiring.
A first embodiment of the invention is a controller arrangement for a building system that includes a sensor module, an actuator module, and a controller. The sensor module comprises a wireless communication device and a microelectromechanical sensor device operable to generate a process value and a wireless communication device. The actuator module comprises an actuation element and a wireless communication device. The controller is operable to obtain the process value from the sensor module and provide a control output to the actuator module, the controller further operable to communicate with at least one of the sensor module and the actuator module using a wireless communication device. The controller is also connected to receive a set point value, and is operable to generate the control output based on the process value and the set point value.
Another embodiment of the invention is a building control system that includes a plurality of controller arrangements. Each controller arrangement includes a controller, at least one sensor module, and a wireless communication interface. Each controller is operable to generate a control output value based on at least one process value and at least one set point value. The sensor module is operable to generate the at least one process value and is operably connected to the controller. The wireless communication interface is also operably coupled to the controller, and is configured to communicate information with a remote element of the building control system using a first wireless communication scheme.
The above described features and advantages, as well as others, will become more readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
In general, the building control system 100 employs a first wireless communication scheme to effect communications between the supervisory computer 102, the chiller controller subsystem 106, the fan controller subsystem 108, and the room controller subsystems 110, 112 and 114. A wireless communication scheme identifies the specific protocols and RF frequency plan employed in wireless communications between sets of wireless devices. In the embodiment described herein, the first wireless communication scheme is implemented as a wireless area network. To this end, a wireless area network server 104 coupled to the supervisory computer 102 employs a packet-hopping wireless protocol to effect communication by and among the various subsystems of the building control system 100. U.S. Pat. No. 5,737,318, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a wireless packet hopping network that is suitable for HVAC/building control systems of substantial size.
In general, the chiller controller subsystem 106 is a subsystem that is operable to control the operation of a chiller plant, not shown, within the building. Chiller plants, as is known in art, are systems that are capable of chilling air that may then be ventilated throughout all or part of the building to enable air conditioning. Various operations of chiller plants depend upon a number of input values, as is known in the art. Some of the input values may be generated within the chiller controller subsystem 106, and other input values are externally generated. For example, operation of the chiller plant may be adjusted based on various air flow and/or temperature values generated throughout the building. The operation of the chiller plant may also be affected by set point values generated by the supervisory computer 102. The externally-generated values are communicated to the chiller controller subsystem 106 using the wireless area network.
The fan controller subsystem 108 is a subsystem that is operable to control the operation of a ventilation fan, not shown, within the building. A ventilation fan, as is known in art, is a prime mover of air flow throughout the ventilation system of the building. This primary air flow power may be used to refresh the air within the facility, and may be used to distribute chilled air from the chiller plant. As with the chiller plant, ventilation fans and their implementation within building control systems are well known in the art. Also, the fan controller subsystem 108 is similarly configured to receive input values from other subsystems (or the supervisory computer 102) over the wireless area network.
The room controllers 110, 112 and 114 are local controller subsystems that operate to control an environmental aspect of a location or "space" within the building. While such locations may be referred to herein as "rooms" for convenience, it will be appreciated that such locations may further be defined zones within larger open or semi-open spaces of a building. The environmental aspect(s) that are controllable by the space control subsystems 110, 112 and 114 typically include temperature, and may include air quality, lighting and other building system processes.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, each of the space control subsystems 110, 112 and 114 has multiple elements that communicate with each other using a second wireless communication scheme. In general, it is preferable that the second communication scheme employ a short-range or local RF communication scheme such as Bluetooth.
Referring to
The first sensor module 204 represents a temperature sensor module and is preferably embodied as a wireless integrated network sensor that incorporates microelectromechanical system technology ("MEMS"). By way of example, in the exemplary embodiment described herein, the first sensor module 204 includes a MEMS local RF communication circuit 210, a microcontroller 212, a programmable non-volative memory 214, a signal processing circuit 216, and one or more MEMS sensor devices 218. The first sensor module 204 also contains a power supply/source 220. In the preferred embodiment described herein, the power supply/source 220 is a battery, for example, a lithium ion battery.
Examples of MEMS circuits suitable for implementing the first sensor module 204 are described in the ESSCIRC98 Presentation "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS)", which is published on-line at www.janet.ucla.edu/WINS/archives, (hereinafter referred to as the "WINS Presentation"), and which is incorporated herein by reference.
The MEMS sensor device(s) 218 include at least one MEMS sensor, which may suitably be a temperature sensor, flow sensor, pressure sensor and/or gas-specific sensor. In a preferred embodiment, several sensors are incorporated into a single device as a sensor suite 218. Upon installation, the sensor module 204 may be programmed to enable the particular sensing capability, for example, temperature sensing.
By incorporating different, selectable sensor capabilities, a single sensor module design may be manufactured for use in a large majority of HVAC or other building automation and/or safety sensing applications. As discussed below in connection with
In the embodiment of
The signal processing circuit 216 includes the circuitry that interfaces with the sensor, converts analog sensor signals to digital signals, and provides the digital signals to the microcontroller 212. Examples of low power, micro-electronic A/D converters and sensor interface circuitry are shown in the WINS Presentation.
The programmable non-volatile memory 214, which may be embodied as a flash programmable EEPROM, stores configuration information for the sensor module 204. By way of example, programmable non-volatile memory 214 preferably includes system identification information, which is used to associate the information generated by the sensor module 204 with its physical and/or logical location in the building control system. For example, the programmable non-volatile memory 214 may contain an "address" or "ID" of the sensor module 204 that is appended to any communications generated by the sensor module 110.
The memory 214 further includes set-up configuration information related to the type of sensor being used. For example, if the sensor device(s) 218 are implemented as a suite of sensor devices, the memory 214 includes the information that identifies which sensor functionality to enable. (See
The microcontroller 212 is a processing circuit operable to control the general operation of the sensor module 204. In general, however, the microcontroller 212 receives digital sensor information from the signal processing circuit 216 and provides the information to the local RF communication circuit 210 for transmission to a local device, for example, the hub module 202. The microcontroller 212 may cause the transmission of sensor data from time-to-time as dictated by an internal counter or clock, or in response to a request received from the hub module 202.
The microcontroller 212 is further operable to receive configuration information via the RF communication circuit 210, store configuration information in the memory 214, and perform operations in accordance with such configuration information. As discussed above, the configuration information may define which of multiple possible sensor functionalities is to be provided by the sensor module 204. The microcontroller 212 employs such information to cause the appropriate sensor device or devices from the sensor device suite 218 to be operably connected to the signal processing circuit such that sensed signals from the appropriate sensor device are digitized and provided to the microcontroller 212. As discussed above, the microcontroller 212 may also use the configuration information to format outgoing messages and/or control operation of the RF communication circuit 210.
The MEMS local RF communication circuit 210 may suitably include a Bluetooth RF modem, or some other type of short range (about 30-100 feet) RF communication modem. The use of a MEMS-based RF communication circuit allows for reduced power consumption, thereby enabling the potential use of a true wireless, battery operated sensor module 204. A suitable exemplary MEMS-based RF communication circuit is discussed in the WINS Presentation.
As discussed above, it is assumed that the sensor module 204 is configured to operate as a temperature sensor. To this end, the memory 214 stores information identifying that the sensor module 204 is to operate as a temperature sensor. Such information may be programmed into the memory 214 via a wireless programmer. The module 204 may be programmed upon shipment from the factory, or upon installation into the building control system. The microcontroller 212, responsive to the configuration information, causes the signal processing circuit 216 to process signals only from the temperature sensor, ignoring output from other sensors of the sensor suite 218.
It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the sensor suite 218 may be replaced by a single sensor. However, additional advantages may be realized through the use of a configurable sensor module capable of performing any of a plurality of sensor functions. As discussed further above, these advantages include the reduction of the number of sensor module designs.
In addition, the reduced wiring requirements and the reduced power consumption of the above described design provides benefits even in non-battery operated sensors.
The sensor module 206 is configured to operate as a flow sensor in the embodiment described herein. The sensor module 206 may suitably have the same physical construction as the sensor module 204. To this end, the sensor module 206 includes a local RF communication circuit 230, a microcontroller 232, a programmable non-volatile memory 234, a signal processing circuit 236, a sensor suite 238, and a power supply/source 240. In contrast to the sensor module 204, however, the memory 234 of the sensor module 206 contains configuration information identifying that the sensor module 206 is to function as a flow sensor.
The actuator module 208 is a device that is operable to cause movement or actuation of a physical device that has the ability to change a parameter of the building environment. For example, the actuator module 208 in the embodiment described herein is operable to control the position of a ventilation damper, thereby controlling the flow of heated or chilled air into the room.
The actuator module 208 is also preferably embodied as a wireless integrated network device that incorporates microelectromechanical system ("MEMS") devices. By way of example, in the exemplary embodiment described herein, the actuator module 208 includes a MEMS local RF communication circuit 250, a microcontroller 252, a programmable non-volatile memory 254, and a signal processing circuit 256. The actuator module 208 also contains a power supply/source 260. In the preferred embodiment described herein, the power supply/source 260 is a battery, for example, a coin cell battery. However, it will be appreciated that if AC power is necessary for the actuator device (i.e. the damper actuator), which may be solenoid or value, then AC power is readily available for the power supply/source 260. As a consequence, the use of battery power is not necessarily advantageous.
The actuator 262 itself may suitably be a solenoid, stepper motor, brushless DC motor, or other electrically controllable device that drives a mechanical HVAC element. In the exemplary embodiment described herein, the actuator 262 is a stepper motor for controlling the position of a vent damper.
The MEMS local RF communication circuit 250 may suitably be of similar construction and operation as the MEMS local RF communication circuit 210. Indeed, even if the MEMS local RF communication circuit 250 differs from the RF communication circuit 210, it nevertheless should employ the same communication scheme.
The microcontroller 252 is configured to receive control data messages via the RF communication circuit 250. In the embodiment described herein, the control data messages are generated and transmitted by the hub module 202. The control data messages typically include a control output value intended to control the operation of the actuator 262. Accordingly, the microcontroller 252 is operable to obtain the control output value from a received message and provide the control output value to the signal processing circuit 256. The signal processing circuit 256 is a circuit that is configured to generate an analog control signal from the digital control output value. In other words, the signal processing circuit 256 operates as an analog driver circuit. The signal processing circuit 256 includes an output 258 for providing the analog control signal to the actuator 262.
The non-volatile memory 254 is a memory that contains configuration and/or calibration information related to the implementation of the actuator 262. The memory 254 may suitably contain sufficient information to effect mapping between the control variables used by the hub module 202 and the control signals expected by the actuator 262. For example, the control variables used by the hub module 202 may be digital values representative of a desired damper position charge. The actuator 262, however, may expect an analog voltage that represents an amount to rotate a stepper motor. The memory 254 includes information used to map the digital values to the expected analog voltages.
The hub module 202 in the exemplary embodiment described herein performs the function of the loop controller (e.g. a PID controller) for the space control subsystem 110. The hub module 202 obtains process variable values (i.e. sensor information) from either or both of the sensor modules 204 and 206 and generates control output values. The hub module 202 provides the control output values to the actuator module 208. The hub module 202 also communicates with external elements of the building control system, for example, the supervisory computer, fan or chiller control subsystems, and other room controller subsystems.
In the exemplary embodiment described herein, the hub module 202 further includes sensor functionality. In general, it is often advantageous to combine the hub controller core functionality with a sensor function to reduce the overall number of devices in the system. Thus, some room control subsystems could include hub module 202 with an integrated temperature sensor and one or more actuator modules. Separate sensor modules such as the sensor module 204 would not be necessary.
To accomplish these and other functions, the hub module 202 includes a network interface 270, a room control processor 272, a non-volatile memory 274, a signal processing circuit 276, a MEMS sensor suite 278 and a MEMS local RF communication circuit 280.
The network interface 270 is a communication circuit that effectuates communication to one or more components of the building control system that are not a part of the space control subsystem 110. Referring to
Referring again to
Referring again to
As discussed above, the hub module 202 may optionally include sensor capability. To this end, the MEMS sensor suite 278 may suitably include a plurality of MEMS sensors, for example, a temperature sensor, flow sensor, pressure sensor, and/or gas-specific sensor. As with the sensor modules 204 and 206, the hub module 202 may be programmed to enable the particular desired sensing capability. In this manner, a single hub module design may be manufactured to for use in a variety of HVAC sensing applications, each hub module 202 thereafter being configured to its particular use. (See e.g.
The signal processing circuit 276 includes the circuitry that interfaces with the sensor suite 278, converts analog sensor signals to digital signals, and provides the digital signals to the room control processor 272. As discussed above, examples of low power, micro-electronic A/D converters and sensor interface circuitry are shown in the WINS Presentation.
The programmable non-volatile memory 274, which may be embodied as a flash programmable EEPROM, stores configuration information for the hub module 274. By way of example, programmable non-volatile memory 274 preferably includes system identification information, which is used to associate the information generated by the sensor module 274 with its physical and/or logical location in the building control system. The memory 274 further includes set-up configuration information related to the type of sensor being used. The memory 274 may further include calibration information regarding the sensor, and system RF communication parameters employed by the control processor 272, the network interface 270 and/or the local RF communication circuit 280.
The MEMS local RF communication circuit 280 may suitably include a Bluetooth RF modem, or some other type of short range (about 30-100 feet) RF communication modem. The MEMS local RF communication circuit 280 is operable to communicate using the same RF communication scheme as the MEMS local RF communication circuits 210, 230 and 250. As with the sensor module 204, the use of a MEMS-based RF communication circuit allows for reduced power consumption, thereby enabling the potential use of a true wireless, battery operated hub module 202. Moreover, it may be possible and preferable to employ many of the same RF elements in both the local RF communication circuit 280 and the network interface 270. Indeed in some cases, the local RF communication circuit 280 and the network interface 270 are substantially the same circuit. In any event, a suitable MEMS-based RF communication circuit is discussed in the WINS Presentation.
The control processor 272 is a processing circuit operable to control the general operation of the hub module 274. In addition, the control processor 272 implements a control transfer function to generate control output values that are provided to the actuator module 208 in the space control subsystem 110. To this end, the control processor 272 obtains sensor information from its own sensor suite 278 and/or from sensor modules 204 and 206. The control processor 272 also receives a set point value, for example, from the supervisory computer 102 via the network interface 270. The control processor 272 then generates the control output value based on the set point value and one or more sensor values. The control processor 272 may suitably implement a proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm to generate the control output values. Suitable control algorithms that generate control output values based on sensor or process values and set point values are known.
Exemplary sets of operations of the room control system 110 is shown in
Referring particularly to
Steps 302, 304 and 306 all represent operations in which the room control processor 272 receives input values from various sources. The order in which those steps are performed is not of critical importance.
In step 302, the processor 272 receives a flow value from the sensor module 206, which in the exemplary embodiment described herein has been configured as a flow sensor module. To receive a flow value from the sensor module 206, the processor 272 causes the local RF communication circuit 280 to be configured to receive a transmitted message from the local RF communication circuit 230 of the sensor module 206. When a message is received, the local RF communication circuit 280 and/or the processor 278 verify the source and intended destination of the message. If the message is legitimately intended for the hub module 202, then the processor 278 parses the sensor value from the message for subsequent use.
In step 304, the processor 272 receives temperature measurement values from the sensor module 204 as well as its internal temperature sensor device 278. In many cases, only a single temperature sensor value is necessary, in which case the hub module 202 need not include the temperature sensor 278, or, alternatively, the sensor module 204 would not be necessary. In the exemplary embodiment described herein, however, it will be assumed that the processor 272 receives temperature values from both the temperature sensor device 278 and the sensor module 204. To receive a temperature value from the sensor module 204, the processor 272 and local RF communication circuit 280 operate in the same manner as that described above in connection with receiving flow sensor values from the sensor module 206. To receive a temperature value from the sensor 278, the processor 272 receives digital sensor information from the signal processing circuit 276.
In step 306, the processor 272 obtains a set point value through the network interface 270. In particular, in the embodiment described herein, the set point temperature for the room in which the control subsystem 110 is disposed is provided from a device external to the control subsystem 110. For example, the supervisory computer 102 of
To receive the set point value from the external device, the network interface 270 monitors transmissions in the WAN on which the various subsystems communicate. If a message including a set point intended for the space control subsystem 110 is received by the network interface 270, then that message will be provided to the processor 272. In such a case, the processor 272 parses out the set point information for subsequent use, such as use in the execution of step 308, discussed below.
In step 308, the processor 272 generates a control output value based on the most recently received set point value and temperature sensor values. To this end, the processor 272 may suitably employ a PID controller algorithm to generate the control output value. In the embodiment described herein, the control output value is representative of a desired change in a vent damper position. For example, if chilled air is provided through the vent, and the sensor temperature value exceeds the set point temperature value, then the control output value identifies that the vent damper must be opened further. Further opening the vent damper allows more chilled air to enter the room, thereby reducing the temperature.
A PID control algorithm that is capable of generating a vent damper position based on a difference between temperature sensor values and a set point temperature value would be known to one of ordinary skill in the art. In general, it will be noted that the use of particular control system elements such as temperature sensors, set point temperatures, and vent dampers are given by way of illustrative example. The use of control systems and subsystems with reduced wiring as generally described herein may be implemented in control systems implementing a variety of sensor devices and actuators or other controlled devices.
Referring again to the specific embodiment described herein, it will be appreciated that during ongoing operation, the processor 272 does not require an update in each of steps 302, 304 and 306 prior to performing step 308. Any update received in any of those steps can justify a recalculation of the control output value. Moreover, the processor 272 may recalculate the control output value on a scheduled basis, without regard as to which input values have changed.
In step 310, the processor 272 causes the generated control output value to be communicated to the actuator module 208. To this end, the processor 272 and the local RF communication circuit 280 cooperate to generate a local RF signal that contains information representative of the control output value. The processor 272 may suitably add a destination address representative of the actuator module 208 to enable the actuator module 208 to identify the message.
It is noted that in the exemplary embodiment described herein, the flow sensor value received from the flow sensor module 206 is not used in the PID control calculation performed by the processor 272. That value is obtained so that it may be used by other subsystems or by the supervisory computer 102. Indeed, multiple sensor values are typically communicated to external subsystems.
To this end, in step 312, the processor 272 causes the network interface 270 to transmit received sensor values to devices external to the room control subsystem 110. For example, the processor 272 may cause temperature and flow sensor values to be transmitted to the supervisory computer 102. The supervisory computer 102 may then use the information to monitor the operation of the building control system. Moreover, temperature and/or flow sensor values from various space control subsystems may be employed by the fan control subsystem 108 to adjust operation of one or more ventilation fans, or by the chiller control subsystem 106 to adjust operation of the chiller plant. Accordingly, the processor 272 must from time to time cause sensor values generated within the space control subsystem 110 to be communicated to external devices through the network interface 270.
The room control processor 272 repeats steps 302-312 on a continuous basis. As discussed above, the steps 302-312 need not be performed in any particular order. New sensor and/or set point values may be received periodically either on a schedule, or in response to requests generated by the processor 272.
With regard to the sensor values,
Referring now to
If, however, it is determined that an update should be transmitted, then the microcontroller 212 proceeds to step 404. In step 404, the microcontroller 212 obtains a digital value representative of a measured temperature from the signal processing circuit 216. To this end, the microcontroller 212 preferably "wakes up" from a power saving mode. The microcontroller 212 preferably also causes bias power to be connected to power consuming circuits in the signal processing circuit 216, such as the A/D converter. In this manner, power may be conserved by only activating power consuming circuits when a temperature sensor value is specifically required. Otherwise, the power consuming devices remain deactivated. Thus, for example, if a temperature value need only be updated every fifteen seconds, many of the power consuming circuits would only be energized once every fifteen seconds. However, it is noted that if the power source 220 is derived from AC building power, the need to reduce power consumption is reduced, and the microcontroller 212 and the signal processing circuit 216 may receive and process digital temperature sensing values on an ongoing basis.
In any event, after step 404, the microcontroller 212 proceeds to step 406. In step 406, the microcontroller 212 converts the sensed digital temperature value into the format expected by the room control processor 272 of the hub module 202. The microcontroller 212 further prepares the message for transmission by the local RF communication circuit 210. Once the message including the sensor temperature value is prepared, the microcontroller 212 in step 408 causes the local RF communication circuit 210 to transmit the message. The message is thereafter received by the hub module 202 (see step 304 of
First, in step 502, a message which may include the control output value is received from the hub module 202. To this end, the RF communication circuit 250 receives the message and provides the message to the microcontroller 252. Thereafter, in step 504, the microcontroller 252 determines whether the received message is intended for receipt by the actuator module 208. If not, then the microcontroller 252 returns to step 502 to await another incoming message.
If, however, the microcontroller 252 determines in step 504 that the received message is intended for the actuator module 208, then the microcontroller 252 proceeds to step 506. In step 506, the microcontroller 252 parses the message to obtain the actuator control output value, and converts that value into a value that will cause the actuator to perform the requested adjustment. For example, if the received control output value identifies that the ventilator damper should be opened another 10%, then the microcontroller 252 would generate a digital output value that, after being converted to analog in the signal processing circuit 256, will cause the actuator 258 to open the ventilator damper another 10%.
In step 508, the microcontroller 252 actually provides the digital output value to the signal processing circuit 256. The signal processing circuit 256 then converts the value to the corresponding analog voltage expected by the actuator device 258. Thereafter, the microcontroller 252 returns to step 502 to await the next message received from the hub module 202.
The above described space control subsystem 110 is merely an exemplary illustration of the principles of the invention. The principles of the invention may readily be applied to control subsystems having more or less sensors or actuators, as well as other elements, and to control subsystems that control other aspects of the building control system. By way of example, my co-pending application entitled "Building Control System and Fume Hood System for Use Therein Having Reduced Wiring Requirements", Ser. No. 10/353,110, filed on even date herewith, which is owned by the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference, describes another exemplary space control subsystem that may be used in the system 100.
The relatively low power requirements enabled by the use of MEMS devices and local RF communications in the sensor modules and even the hub module allow for implementation of the modules in battery operated format. Thus, a mostly wireless building control system may be developed. However, as discussed above, many advantages of the present invention may be obtained in systems that use other forms of power.
As discussed above, one of the advantages provided by the sensor module design discussed above (e.g. the sensor module 204) is that it may be configured to perform a variety of different sensor operations.
Referring now to
The RF communication circuit 710 is a MEMs based communication circuit such as that described above in connection with
The power management circuit 708 that preferably operates to recharge the lithium ion battery layer 604 of
The sensor suite 702 is collection of MEMs sensors incorporated into a single substrate. The incorporation of multiple MEMs sensor technologies is known. For example, Hydrometrics offers for sale a MEMs sensor device that includes both temperature and humidity sensing functions. MEMs based light, gas content, temperature, flow, smoke and other sensing devices are known. Such devices are in the embodiment described herein implemented onto a single substrate 602 or 606, or pair of substrates 602 and 606.
The processing circuit 706 preferably incorporates a microprocessor or microcontroller, as well as microelectronics A/D circuits for connecting to the MEMs sensor devices of the sensor suite 702. In the embodiment described herein the signal processing circuit 706 otherwise controls the operations of the module 600 in the manner described above in connection with the signal processing circuit 216 and controller 212 of the sensor module 204 of
The EEPROM 704 (which may be another type of non-volatile, chip-based memory such as ferro-electric or ferro-magnetic RAM) is a non-volatile memory that stores the configuration information for the module 600. For example, the EEPROM 704 may store ID information used to identify the module 600 to the system in which it is connected. The EEPROM 704 also stores information related to the function in which the module 600 will be used. For example, the EEPROM 704 may store information identifying that the module 600 should enable its temperature sensing function as opposed to any of its other possible sensing functions.
As discussed above in connection with
However, in one embodiment of the invention, most or all of the code unique to the selected function of the module is downloaded into the EEPROM 704 during configuration of the device. Thus, if the module 600 is to operate as a temperature sensor module, then all appropriate code for a temperature sensor module is downloaded to the EEPROM 704, as is identification information and calibration information.
Regardless of whether the EEPROM 704 is configured via large amounts of programming code, or through flags and parameters that are used to select pre-existing code within the module 700, the configuration information is downloaded to the EEPROM from an external device, for example, a portable programming device. In particular, a portable programming device provides programming instructions via RF signals to the RF communication circuit 710. The processing circuit 706 obtains the programming instructions from the RF communication circuit 710 and stores the instructions into the EEPROM 704. It will be appreciated that other techniques for providing configuration information to the EEPROM 704 may be used.
Thus, the above described module 600 may readily be configured as any one of a large plurality of sensor types or even other types of building automation system components. As a consequence, large amounts of the devices may be fabricated, thereby reducing the per-unit tooling and design costs associated with ordinary building automation sensors. In addition, the highly integrated nature of the devices reduces shipping and storage costs, as well as reduces power consumption. It will be noted that the design of the module 600 may not only be used as the sensor modules 204, 206 in the exemplary space control subsystem 200 of
It will be appreciated that the module 600 may be made universal for use as both a sensor module or an actuator module. To this end, the module 600 would not include an actuator (e.g. the actuator 262 of
In another aspect of the invention, a space control subsystem exemplified by the space control subsystem 110 of
To illustrate this concept,
Referring to
Each of the subsystems 808 a-808 e represents one of plurality of localized, standard building automation subsystems, such as space temperature control subsystems, a lighting control subsystems, or the like. Each subsystem typically includes a controller, such as, for example, the model Predator controller available from Siemens Building Technologies of Buffalo Grove, Ill. Larger, more complex subsystems such as chiller plant control subsystems may employ a model Raptor controller, also available from Siemens Building Technologies. Groups of subsystems such as subsystems 808 a and 808 b are typically organized into networks and generally operate in a master/slave relationship with a network manager such as the network manager 806 a. The network manager may suitably be a TALON Network Manager, also available from Siemens Building Technologies.
To facilitate communication between the various subsystems of the local networks, the subsystems 808 a and 808 b and the network manager 806 a are all connected to a local, low-level data network 810 a, sometimes referred to as a floor network. The data network may suitably employ the standardized LonTalk protocol. Subsystems 808 c, 808 d and 808 e along with the network manager 806 b are similarly connected via another low-level data network 810 b.
The network managers 806 a and 806 b are also connected via an enterprise network 812 to the supervisory computer 802 and the database 804. The network managers 806 a and 806 b thereby coordinate the communication of data and control signals between the subsystems 808 a-808 e and the supervisory computer 802 and database 804. The supervisory computer 802, similar to the supervisory computer 102 of
In addition to the large amount of wiring necessitated by the networks 810 a, 810 b and 812, each subsystem 808 a-808 e itself requires significant amounts of wiring. Accordingly, replacing the system 800 with a wireless system similar to the wireless system 100 of
Accordingly, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, the portions of the building automation system 800 may be progressively retrofitted with wireless systems based on the wireless modules described above in connection with
A first step in retrofitting the network 800 consists of replacing individual subsystems with wireless subsystems. The wireless subsystems have the general configuration as those described above in connection with
In addition, as shown in
The wireless interface 1004 operates as an interface between the wired enterprise network 812 and the wireless subsystems 1006 a and 1006 b. Each of the wireless subsystems 1006 a and 1006 b may suitably comprise a wireless subsystem such as any of the subsystems 106, 108, 110, 112 or 114 of
One or more other groups of subsystems may similarly be replaced until the entire building automation system 800″ begins to resemble the system 100 of
It will be appreciated that the above described embodiments are merely illustrative, and that those of ordinary skill in the art may readily devise their own adaptations and implementations that incorporate the principles of the present invention and fall within the spirit and scope thereof. For example, while it is noted above that the hub module may further including sensing capability, it should further be appreciated that the hub module may instead include actuator module capabilities. Moreover, the PID control algorithm performed by the control processor 272 may instead be carried out by any of the microcontrollers 212, 232 or 252.
Another notable drawback of prior art building automation systems is their inability to understand the environment and the dynamics associated with it. The environment it controls or manages largely uses a limited number of temperature sensors, especially for comfort. The prior art systems employ simple strategies to maintain indoor air quality again using a few sensors. The building components that actually constitute environment such as occupants, envelopes, equipment etc. are totally disconnected from the building automation system, and do not share any responsibility nor do they provide any feedback to the building automation system for the overall environment management. The building automation system is usually imposed upon the physical system and it attempts to maintain a controlled environment using a few sensors and distributed controllers. By defining a true environment and allowing all the components within it to share and to cooperate with a common goal of maintaining a healthy, safe and productive environment will be a major breakthrough for building automation systems and for that matter for the entire building industry. Technologies are emerging fast that can create such environment cost-efficiently.
A holistic view of an advanced building system environment is described briefly below. The scope of advanced building systems includes everything within the building as opposed to the control environment of current building system as described before. The core of the advanced building system is based on the fact that it is not a system that is imposed on the building environment but instead includes environment components and even occupants as active participants within that building system. The advanced building system includes building components like walls and fenestration that now use substrate-based compounds capable of changing their characteristics in response to outdoor environment. For example, when the building system senses that the outdoors temperature or solar gain is high, it increases electrical signal through the wall and fenestration causing the substrate property to change and block much of the heat gain. Thus, the building system is allowed to control the injection of the heat input to the space right at its entry point. The reverse phenomenon occurs when the building system allows more heat actually to penetrate the building envelope for heating application.
The advanced building system also employs a series of local heating and cooling using micro heat exchangers that are designed to offset local gain or loss of heat. The resultant affect is that the space does not require any cooling or heating from a traditional source of large plant except for its ventilation need. Even there the plant can use micro-combined cooling, heating and power plant using fuel cell, micro-turbines or similar technologies. By being able to control the heat disturbances at the points of entry to the space and using microtechnology, the overall building cooling and heating plants will be smaller, environmentally benign and smarter.
The above described building system will utilize a large number of modules such as the module 600 of
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Owner name: SIEMENS BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES, INC., ILLINOIS
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|Mar 8, 2010
Owner name: SIEMENS INDUSTRY, INC.,GEORGIA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024054/0938
Effective date: 20090923
Owner name: SIEMENS INDUSTRY, INC., GEORGIA
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Effective date: 20090923
|Aug 18, 2015
|Fee payment
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text:
Multicultiboho Sideshow: A Novelby Alexs D. Pate
View All Available Formats & Editions
In this provocative and searing satire, young, unpublished, African American author Ichabod Word captures and holds hostage unsuspecting law officer Bloom. Icky proceeds to regale Bloom with a rambling tale of anger and woe about Dewitt McMichael, a benefactor of artists of color who is now a garbage bag-wrapped corpse in the corner of his living room. Even if it
In this provocative and searing satire, young, unpublished, African American author Ichabod Word captures and holds hostage unsuspecting law officer Bloom. Icky proceeds to regale Bloom with a rambling tale of anger and woe about Dewitt McMichael, a benefactor of artists of color who is now a garbage bag-wrapped corpse in the corner of his living room. Even if it proves to be his last, desperate act on this earth, Icky is determined to vent in full the bizarre circumstances that led to the latter's demise a mind-boggling chronicle of power, immorality, money, political stratification, racial discrimination, brilliant creation, and desecration.
Alternately sobering and screamingly funny, Alexs D. Pate's The Multicultiboho Sideshow is a blistering and remarkable work that spares nothing and no one.
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Product Details
- 9780380800414
- Publisher:
- HarperCollins Publishers
- Publication date:
- 09/01/2001
- Series:
- Harper Perennial
- Pages:
- 256
- Product dimensions:
- 5.31(w) x 8.00(h) x 0.57(d)
Read an Excerpt
Chapter One
Although distressed, Ichabod Word answered his front doorbell with the sweetest smile. He hadn't had time to shower or to change his clothes in more than twenty-four hours. He wore a stained black sweat shirt and a pair of black jeans that were so stretched and beaten from multiple washings that they were in danger of losing their blackness. His apartment reflected his own internal disarray. There were stacks of brightly colored plastic plates and cups scattered about the living room. There was overturned and broken furniture. There was a dead body which Ichabod had carefully wrapped in two plastic garbage bags, tied firmly, and pushed into a corner of the dining room. The place was an absolute mess.
For the past two hours, before the doorbell interrupted, he had been sitting quietly, contemplating his situation. To be perfectly accurate, at about an hour and forty-five minutes prior to the ringing of the doorbell, he'd decided to call the police. It had obviously taken them fifteen minutes to arrive. And in that time Ichabod had slipped back into deep thought.
He'd planned it very carefully. By the time he appeared at the front door, he was completely prepared, steely, and fundamentally disconnected from his body. Not really the Ichabod Word that was the youngest child of the West Philadelphia Words. But a man who was simply using that name. He knew all about Ichabod. He had lived that life consciously. He just didn't feel like himself anymore. He felt new, expectant. Or ...
Maybe he'd been gone too long.
Maybe he was too long gone from the hood. Too far away. Both intellectually and emotionally to still be that skinny littlekid that everybody called Icky.
But now, as he stood opposite a chunky white man dressed in a tired charcoal gray JCPenney suit, he hoped his plan would work. The man held a badge and identification card up to Ichabod's face.
Ichabod nodded and pressed the lever that unlatched the storm door and opened it about a foot. The man leaned back a little to let the door pass and then stuck his thick head into the open space.
"Did you call the police?" he asked.
"Yes." Ichabod stepped back but held the door open with his outstretched arm.
"I'm Lt. Bill Bloom, Minneapolis Police Department." The detective grabbed the edge of the door with his pudgy calloused fingers. Ichabod noticed that his fingernails were chewed to frayed edges.
Ichabod opened the door wider and stood aside. He felt the cop's eyes focused on his. But Ichabod refused to look in his direction. Instead, he withdrew farther into the house. He tried his best to disconnect his actions from his intentions. He smiled as strongly as he could.
"You called about the Ron Abbott case?" The lieutenant breathed his words heavy, a slight hint of moisture sparkled in the space just below his ear. Ichabod struggled to keep his smile but he knew he couldn't remain silent much longer. He felt his intentions begin their embrace of the moment. He reached behind him to the small table that stood just inside the doorway, and grabbed his gun. With no hesitation he brought it around and planted it quickly in the policeman's temple. Lieutenant Bloom realized just a little too late that he'd been duped. He instantly reached for his gun, but felt Ichabod's hand yanking it from his waistband before he could get there to stop it from happening.
"I would advise you, sir, to cooperate." Ichabod brought all of his unspecified anger into his voice. If ever there was a time when being a black man might prove useful, it was this situation.
The city of Minneapolis had been caught up in the throes of a search for a missing young man by the name of Ron Abbott. He'd been missing for about a week and had last been seen at a bar in the Mall of America. It had occurred to Ichabod that if he called and said that he had seen the man on the day of his disappearance, a detective, preferably one working alone, would be dispatched to take his statement. After all, it was nine-thirty in the morning. He hoped that would increase the chances of them sending the type of officer they had.
Lieutenant Bloom felt the dull coldness of the ninemillimeter pistol at his head. He'd completely blown it. No partner. No backup. He'd already made so many mistakes he couldn't believe it. He let himself be guided to a chair.
"Do you know what you're doing? You heard me when I introduced myself, didn't you? You know I'm a police officer." Ichabod shoved the detective down into an armed cherry wood dining room chair. "I'm Lieutenant Bill Bloom, Minneapolis Police Department. Do you understand that?"
Ichabod was also sweating now. Lieutenant Bloom was a big man. About 260 pounds of decaying muscle and gut. Luckily, though, the officer was in his midfifties and had already begun anticipating his retirement to Florida. He was only heavy, not necessarily much in the way of real resistance.
Ichabod slammed him down into the chair; there was a dull thud as his body came to rest there. His eyes opened wide and anger blazed.
There were strips of duct tape already lined along the table's edge. Ichabod plucked one and slapped it across Bloom's mouth, ending the cop's freedom of speech. "Shut up a minute. I know who you are. I was the one who called you."
He bound the officer's hands to the arms of the chair. His ankles to the legs. The cop expressed no further resistance. The duct tape and the gun that had bruised his head had their own calming effect.
Ichabod put the detective's gun on the middle shelf of his mahogany bookcase. He then picked up a pack of cigarettes from the floor and after a brief search for a match, which he found under the sofa, he lit one and began pacing in front of the bound man.
"I realize that I am standing here, in an apartment in Uptown Minneapolis, two blocks away from one of the finest urban lake systems in the entire world, and at my feet is a dead man." He blew a lungful of smoke into the air. At the mention of dead man, Bloom's eyes widened. He swiveled his head to the right and stopped as he spied the...The Multicultiboho Sideshow. Copyright © by Alexs Pate. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Available now wherever books are sold.
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