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How drug shortages could affect the future of cancer care
A recent survey shows oncologists and patients are facing a dilemma in cancer treatment. Drug shortages, combined with high cost of chemotherapy, were found in an independent analysis to have dire consequences for 73 percent of cancer patients who can't afford co-payments. The result is that cancer patients are dying sooner and some oncologists are sensing a bleak professional future.
The survey, conducted by the National Analysts Worldwide, confirms "...some of our worst fears," says Susan Schwartz McDonald, President and CEO of National Analysts Worldwide and a lead researcher on the survey. "At a time when important advances promise new hope in many forms of cancer, chronic drug shortages and reduced access to care threaten to undermine our ability to combat disease."
Dr. David Loeb, a pediatric oncologist, recently published concerns about cancer drug shortages. According to Loeb, reasons oncology drugs are in short supply are complex.
He explains, "Briefly, the problem can be traced, in part, to a rule by The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) called the ASP + 6 Rule. This rule limits what a private oncologist can charge for a chemotherapy drug to the Average Sale Price plus 6%."
Older cancer drugs are available in generic, and remain inexpensive.
"A vial of carboplatin once sold for $125, but recently the cost has fallen to $3.50. Add 6% to that, and you certainly don't recoup the cost of administering the drug in your office", Loeb writes.
Consequently, there is no incentive for drug companies to manufacture generic – and less expensive – cancer drugs, which would help underinsured and uninsured cancer patients. But even if they did, there isn't any financial incentive for oncologists to use the drugs.
Non-generic cancer drugs are also in short supply because fewer plants manufacture the chemotherapy agents.


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COLUMBUS, Ohio -- Seventh-ranked Ohio State's star junior point guard, Samantha Prahalis, will miss the first three games of the 2010-11 season for a secondary NCAA rules violation.
Prahalis will be permitted to practice with the team during the suspension. She will not be permitted to travel with the team for the two scheduled road games at Temple (Friday) and LSU (Nov. 17). The Buckeyes also have a home game Sunday against Eastern Michigan.
The flashy native of Long Island, N.Y., was a first-team all-Big Ten selection last season, averaging 16.3 points and 8.0 assists while setting a school record with 289 assists. She was a driving force behind Ohio State's school-record 31 wins and its sixth consecutive Big Ten championship.


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True West is centrally located in Big South Fork with easy access to 10 park trails. Add to that a mix of private trails and you have access to over 200 miles of riding pleasure. Guided trail rides can be arranged.
Our facilities include 34 easy access, level RV and camping sites with water and 30-amp electric. There are sewer hookups in 9 of the sites. Our large clean barns have 67 bedded stalls and covered saddle racks.
We have 2 well appointed shower houses with heat and A/C, 2 large horse wash areas, a large round corral, and 2 stocked fishing ponds. Our mercantile has all kinds of camping supplies, horse tack, gifts, snacks, ice, firewood, maps, and Western wear. There is a large covered deck for gathering and we hold special events monthly. For those who use it, there is a WIFI hot spot on the covered deck.
If you like to camp but don't have a camper, we have one available to rent. If you prefer something a little more comfortable, we offer lodging in the Marshal's Suite in the main building with 900 square feet of living space and can sleep up to 8 people. True West also offers parking and the use of the common area to those just passing through for the day and needing access to the trails.
Even if you're not looking for a horse campground or RV park, True West provides access to many other activities offered in the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area . The Park is one of the most popular outdoor destinations in Tennessee with hiking, fishing, hunting, white water rafting, kayaking, and mountain biking. There are also ATV trails available nearby at Pickett Park.
Motorcycle touring groups also find the area a great place to ride.
The natural beauty of this wilderness area will draw you to the Big South Fork. It will be the genuine friendliness, positive atmosphere, and great hospitality ~ as well as the best horspitality ~ that will bring you back over and over again.
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26" round metal etched end table with nail head accents.
42" round metal etched cocktail table with nail head accents.
Go beyond the occasional basics with Hillsdale's Belladora console table and mirror. The half-moon shaped, stone table fits easily into the smallest spaces and hallways, and features an acid-etched, romantic vine design accented by our hallmark fleur-di-lis. The table sits a top an elegantly arched metal base with a copper gold finish. These materials and design accents are echoed in the matching Belladora mirror Some assembly is required Care instructions: dust with a clean, dry ...
This Demilune Console Table features whimsical wrought-iron base of legs, feet and stretchers packed with twists and turns in a warm coppertone finish. The solid-wood tabletop features a intricately veneered centerpiece and bold coppertoned nail heads all across the curving front edge Name: Nottingham Key Attribute: Metal and Wood Assembly required Finish Distressing: Moderate Product Width: 47 Product Depth: 18 Product Height: 28.75 Product Weight: 58 Material: Iron, MDF, etched aluminum, ...
The dazzling target design on the top of this fashion plate of an Accent Table is etched in gray stone framed in baguio stone. It sits atop the mesmerizing swirls and twirls of the metal base in a complementary finish Name: Markham Key Attribute: Iron and Fossil Stone No assembly required Finish Distressing: Moderate Product Width: 20 Product Depth: 20 Product Height: 27 Product Weight: 82 Material: Fossil stone, plywood, iron
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Wood products and finished metal. Fossil stone veneer with etched design on top and two shelves.


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Aspects of Kings Park
- Address
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As part of a long-term traffic management strategy, parking will not be permitted along Fraser Avenue in Kings Park from Thursday 14 July onwards.
Pedestrian access will be interrupted around the Western Australian Botanic Garden entry on Fraser Avenue from Tuesday 26 July until Friday 29 July, 2016 due to the installation of a new entry sculpture.Read all notices ...
The current Pokémon craze has brought record numbers of visitors into Kings Park, and has resulted in unusual behaviour by some players and unexpected issues in the park.
The Aspects of Kings Park gallery shop website has a beautiful new look!Read all news ...
Fri 29 Jul
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Motorcycles > Vehicles
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Page 6: 2000 or later Motorcycles for Sale(76 - 90 of 254,753)
$3,600 2014 Can-Am RS-S SE5Can-Am · Madison, WISpyder with the 998cc fuel injected rotax engine and it runs perfect, with only 5000 miles it is close to new. Everything works as it sho...Megan W. · 1 week ago
$3,250 motorcycleYamaha · Bristol, CT2001 yamaha V-Star 8500mi well taken care of. exaust,air cleaner,seat,drag bars.cables all new. runs great, clean title. only selling bec...Eric C. · 2 days ago
$24,000 2015 Harley Ultra LimitedHarley-Davidson · Knoxville, TNExtras: Reinhart 4" true dual exhaust, all new hand/foot controls, Thunder Max race tuner, Arlen Ness air filter, Chrome brake screens an...Sue M. · 1 week ago
$15,900 2010 Honda Goldwing (GL18HPNM)Honda · North Aurora, IL2010 Goldwing - 48k miles. All scheduled maintenance has been completed. Backrest, navigation system included AM/FM/CB Intercom. Heated s...Bob D. · 1 week ago
$5,299 2016 Kawasaki Ninja 300 AbsKawasaki · Pensacola, FLI currently have in stock the 2016 Kawasaki Ninja 300 Abs. This is an awesome starter or play bike, great as an around town commuter als...
$4,100 2007 Yamaha Vstar 1100 Classic, 13k milesYamaha · Clarksburg, WV2007 Yamaha Vstar 1100 Classic 13,000 miles...... Very Good condition... Tires in good shape, battery less than a year old Chrome Engine...Dave B. · 1 week ago
$4,799 2007 Honda VTX 1800-R . Solid bike for the moneyHonda · Pensacola, FLI currently have a 2007 Honda VTX 1800 Retro for sale. This bike is a two owner bike with only 29,149 miles. The motor is an 1800cc V-tw...
$7,000 2004 Harley-Davidson Dyna Wide Glide FXDWGIHarley-Davidson · Kansas City, MO2004 Harley Wide Glide runs and looks great. 1455 cc. 15,200 mi. well maintained. very good condition, lots of extras. Call Joe 816-942-XXXXJoe D. · 1 week ago
$8,499 2012 Suzuki Boulevard M 109-R . 1 owner, Limited EditionSuzuki · Pensacola, FLI currently have a 2012 Suzuki Boulevard M 109-R Limited Edition for sale. This bike is the 109 cubic inch ( 1800cc ) V-Twin, that is li...
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On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
Watch an entire episode devoted to the Victorian age, an era that gave birth to modern baking. Friday, July 29 at 9 PM
National Signing Day is over and the reigning AAAAAA Champions, the Colquitt County Packers, had 25 players sign letters of intent on National Signing Day. I had a chance to go one-on-one with Head... MORE
Make your secure online donation at GPB.org.
Interior and exterior footage of the Georgia Racing Hall of Fame Museum in Dawsonville.
Driving tour of the Georgia Mountain Research and Education Center land. Various shots of plant life and the arrival of UGA students.
Exterior shots of the Rolling Thunder sign at the railroad tracks, exterior shots of the lodge, close ups of the signs, buses. Interior shots of employees at the front desk, Rolling Thunder...
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Footage of cars driving on the track from various angles.
Footage of the adventure tour, including multiple ziplines, the sky bridge, and the nature walk. Clips of safety and break training, and the course graduation ceremony.
This content was developed under a grant from the U.S. Department of Education. However, this content does not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.


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J. M. Rothenberg, C. P. Chen, J. J. Ackert, J. I. Dadap, A. P. Knights, K. Bergman, R. M. Osgood, Jr., R. R. Grote, "Experimental demonstration of coherent perfect absorption in a silicon photonic racetrack resonator," OSA Optics Letters 41 (11) 2537-2540 (Jun 2016).
P. Samadi, K. Wen, J. Xu, K. Bergman, "Software-defined optical network for metro-scale geographically distributed data centers," Optics Express 24 (11) (May 2016).
K. Bergman, J. Shalf, T.Hausken, "Optical Interconnects and Extreme Computing ," Optics & Photonics 27 32-39 (Apr 19, 2016).
M. Bhopalwala, H. Rastegarfar, D. C. Kilper, M. Wang, K. Bergman, "Energy efficiency of optical grooming of QAM optical transmission channels," Opt. Express 24 (3) (Feb 2016).
C. P. Chen, X. Zhu, Y. Liu, K. Wen, M. S. Chik, T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, K. Bergman, "Programmable Dynamically-Controlled Silicon Photonic Switch Fabric [invited]," IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology 34 (12) 2952-2958 (Dec 2015).
M. Bahadori, S. Rumley, D. Nikolova, K. Bergman, "Comprehensive Design Space Exploration of Silicon Photonic Interconnects," IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology 34 (12) 2975-2987 (Nov 2015).
Q. Li, D. Nikolova, D. M. Calhoun, Y. Liu, R. Ding, T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, K. Bergman, "Single Microring-Based 2x2 Silicon Photonic Crossbar Switches," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 27 (18) (Sep 2015).
A. S. Ahsan, C. Browning, M. S. Wang, K. Bergman, D. C. Kilper, L. P. Barry, "Excursion-Free Dynamic Wavelength Switching in Amplified Optical Networks," Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 7 (9) 898-905 (Aug 2015).
D. M. Calhoun, Q. Li, D. Nikolova, C. P. Chen, K. Wen, S. Rumley, K. Bergman, "Hardware-Software Integrated Silicon Photonics for Computing Systems [Book Chapter]," Silicon Photonics III of the series Topics in Applied Physics 122 pp 157-189 (Jan 9, 2016).
K. Bergman, L. Carloni, A. Biberman, J. Chan, and G. Hendry, "Photonic Network-on-Chip Design," Series: Integrated Circuits and Systems, Springer Science + Business Media New York 68 (2014).
K. Bergman and H. Wang, "Optically Interconnected High Performance Data Centers," Optical Interconnects for Future Data Center Networks, Springer (2013).
C. Kachris, K. Bergman, and I. Tomkos, "Optical Interconnects for Future Data Center Networks," Springer Science + Business Media New York (2013).
K. Bergman, "Optical Interconnection Networks," Optical Fiber Telecommunications V, Ivan Kaminow, Tingye Li, Alan Willner Editors, Elsevier (2008).
K. Bergman, B. A. Small, and L. Bergman, "Next Generation Cluster Networks," The Handbook of Computer Networks, Elsevier (2008).
[in press] Ke Wen, Payman Samadi, Sebastien Rumley, Christine P. Chen, Yiwen Shen, Meisam Bahadori, Jeremiah Wilke, Keren Bergman, "Flexfly: Enabling a Reconfigurable Dragonfly Through Silicon Photonics," [Best Student Paper Award Finalist] The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC) (Nov 2016).
[in press] M. Fiorani, P. Samadi, Y. Shen, L. Wosinska, K. Bergman, "Flexible Architecture and Control Strategy for Metro-Scale Networking of Geographically Distributed Data Centers [Invited]," European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) (Sep 2016).
[in press] Y. Huang, W. Samoud, C. L. Gutterman, C. Ware, M. Lourdiane, G. Zussman, P. Samadi, K. Bergman, "A Machine Learning Approach for Dynamic Optical Channel Add/Drop Strategies that Minimize EDFA Power Excursions," European Conference on Optical Communication (Sep 2016).
[in press] Ke Wen, Hang Guan, David M. Calhoun, David Donofrio, John Shalf, Keren Bergman, "Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic Memory Interconnect for Many-Core Architectures," IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC`16) (Sep 2016).
[in press] S. Rumley, M. Bahadori, D. Nikolova, K. Bergman, "Physical Layer Compact Models for Ring Resonators based Dense WDM Optical Interconnects ," ECOC (Sep 2016).
[in press] S. Rumley, R. P. Polster, S. D. Hammond, A. F. Rodrigues, K. Bergman, "End-to-end Modeling and Optimization of Power Consumption in HPC Interconnects [Invited]," HUCAA Workshop at ICPP (Aug 2016).
K. Bergman, S. Rumley, "Optical Switching Performance Metrics for Scalable Data Centers [Invited]," Photonics in Switching (Jul 2016).
M. Bahadori, R. Polster, S. Rumley, Y. Thonnart, J.-L. Gonzalez-Jimenez, K. Bergman, "Energy-Bandwidth Design Exploration of Silicon Photonic Interconnects in 65nm CMOS," IEEE Optical Interconnects Conference (OI) (May 2016).
Engineering Research Center (ERC): Center for Integrated Access Networks (CIAN)
Optical Accelerators for Data Center Networks
Optical Interconnects and Extreme Computing
David Calhoun (Ph.D. Candidate)
Nathan Abrams (Ph.D. Candidate)


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When I insert a wipe transition between two clips, if I export my video to dv or dvd format, no problem the result is good but if I export it to a compressed format (flv, or xvid by ex) the result is very bad all along the transition, the rest is good.
if I convert the dv(.avi) or dvd format(.vob) rendered by Kdenlive, to flv by ex, with avidemux, the result is good.
I think that avidemux is using ffmpeg too,
so the pb may concern kdenlive?
I am using kdenlive 0.7 on mandriva2009.
Thu, 01/01/2009 - 23:17
This is a known issue of Kdenlive. You should create a profile with the same resolution as your source files. And export to the same resolution. Otherwize, the result of transitions is not garanteed. This will change in a near future and developers are working on this issue.
Basicaly, this means that if you work in HDV, export to HDV or MPEG-2 or H.264 with the same resolution. And then open the files in avidemux and export to DVD. Sorry for this issue.
On the converse, if you work in PAL/NTSC, create an empty DV profile and export to DVD. It will work without problem.
Could you tell us more about your camcorder, the files, your kdenlive project profile and export profile. First, please register your camcorder here: http://www.kdenlive.org/node/add/camcorder
Fri, 01/02/2009 - 14:52
Thanks for registration, I really appreciate it.
What was your Kdenlive profile?
Mon, 01/05/2009 - 14:28
This issue will be fixed in Kdenlive next release. It will allow export to any resolution.


text:
In This Section
Journal Forum
A Meta-Analysis of High Resolution Audio Perceptual Evaluation - June 2016
2 comments
Synthetic Reverberator - January 1960
3 comments
Sound Board: High-Resolution Audio - October 2015
4 comments
AES E-Library
Audiovisual Virtual Environments: Enabling Realtime Rendering of Early Reflections by Scene Graph Simplification
In an audiovisual virtual 3D environment the conformance of visual and auditory impression is important to provide a high level of immersion. Restrictions of processing power for the auralization (including early and late reverberation) are usually high due to the demanding visual rendering. For the audio part a trade-off between high accuracy and speeding up the rendering process has to be found, especially for real-time user interaction. We show how the rendering process of early reflections can be done in real-time by reducing the scene representation to auditory relevant elements. A suitable scene simplification algorithm and corresponding audio rendering issues are discussed.
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Sun City News
Local news for Sun City, CA continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
Police put an end to kindergarten play after parents fight over the best seats
Mar 25, 2016 | Daily Mail | Comment?
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Handling a Tenant's Abandoned Property in Illinois
Learn the rules landlords in Illinois must follow to deal with property abandoned by a tenant.
Whether a tenant moves out voluntarily or after an eviction, you may find yourself not only cleaning up and repairing damage, but also dealing with personal property left behind. Usually, this will just be trash that the tenant doesn't want, such as old wine bottles, food, and newspapers. When it's clear that you're dealing with garbage, you're free to dispose of it. Remember that you can deduct the cost of cleaning up a tenant's rental unit and making abandoned property. Illinois case law may dictate what you must do, or there may be local ordinances that apply. For example, a Chicago ordinance sets out rules for that city, including the requirement that you hold or store valuable property for seven days before disposing of it. (See City of Chicago Residential Landlord and Tenant Ordinance § 15-12-130(f).)
We offer resources for finding Illinois law at the end of this article. If there's no law that directly applies to your situation, consider taking the following common sense steps.
Include Abandoned Property Rules in Your Lease or Rental Agreement
It may be too late this time, but consider updating your lease or rental agreement to include provisions about dealing with a tenant's abandoned property. In states without written laws explaining the rules, it's particularly helpful to use a lease that says exactly what will happen if the tenant moves out and leaves stuff behind.
Your revised lease can cover different circumstances, such as the steps you'll take if the tenant moves out after giving proper notice or after an eviction. For your own legal protection, these steps should include:
- taking inventory of the abandoned property
- storing any property that has value
- giving written notice to the tenant detailing how and where to reclaim the property
- providing a deadline for picking up the property (30 days is common)
- requiring the tenant to reimburse you for the reasonable costs of moving and storing the property, and
- declaring that failure to claim the property means it is legally abandoned.
The lease should also cover what you intend to do with abandoned property, including offering it for sale to the public.
For general tips on crafting a smart lease or rental agreement, see The Basics of Leases and Rental Agreements on Nolo.com.
Before drafting a new lease or rental agreement, you should research common practices in Illinois (a landlords' association may provide useful advice) to ensure your provisions comply, or hire an experienced attorney to help draft appropriate lease language. See "Learn More," below, for advice on finding these resources.
When There's No Written Agreement
If you're certain the property has been abandoned and your lease doesn't cover the matter, it's usually safe to take the steps set out in the section just above: Take inventory of the property (including photographs), carefully store it, and send a detailed notice to the tenant.
For additional guidance on preparing the notice, see Handling a Tenant's Abandoned Property: Legal Notice Requirements.
When the Tenant Doesn't Reclaim the Property
If you've given the tenant reasonable notice and they haven't come back for the property, you can dispose of it. To be safe, you may wish to:
- sell the property at a public sale
- publish notice of the sale in a prominent place, including a newspaper with daily, local circulation, and
- send the tenant a final notice that states where and when you will sell the property.
If the tenant owes you money for back rent, property damage, or reasonable storage costs -- and the tenant's security deposit didn't cover everything -- you can take the balance out of the sale proceeds. If there's money left over, you'd be smart to keep funds from sale proceeds in trust for the tenant for at least one year. After that, research Illinois law or consult a lawyer to find out whether you can keep the money or if you must turn it over to the county or state.
If there is insufficient money to cover back rent, property damage, or storage costs, you may sue the tenant in small claims court. See Illinois Landlord's Guide to Security Deposit Disputes in Small Claims Court for details.
Finding Illinois Law
To find out whether state case law or a local ordinance applies in your situation, you'll need to look up the law or get professional help.
Doing your own research. If you're up for it, you can do your own search for Illinois cases covering tenants' abandoned property. (For research tips, see the Legal Research section on Nolo.com.) To learn more about local ordinances, contact your county or municipal clerk's office.
Contacting a landlords' association. You can often get good information and advice by talking with other landlords. You may want to begin by contacting an Illinois landlords' association.
Getting a lawyer's help. A qualified lawyer can help you find and understand any rules that apply to your situation. It's particularly wise to consult a lawyer if:
- you're not absolutely certain the property has been legally abandoned
- you think the abandoned property is very valuable, or
- you have any reason to believe the tenant may cause problems later.
A good lawyer can help you protect yourself from claims that you have stolen or destroyed a tenant's property. You can search for an experienced landlord-tenant attorney in Illinois using Nolo's Lawyer Directory.
Learn More
For more information about your rights and responsibilities as a landlord, see the Landlords section of Nolo.com, including the article Top 9 Landlord Legal Responsibilities in Illinois.
If you want a comprehensive legal and practical handbook for residential landlords, check out Every Landlord's Legal Guide, by Marcia Stewart, Ralph Warner, and Janet Portman (Nolo).


text:
Delta State University President William N. LaForge will add another prestigious leadership post to his list of accomplishments this week, as he officially takes office as the president of the Gulf South Conference at the
Home » News and Events » Posts tagged "athletics"
Tag Archives: athletics
Two Delta State University graduates were inducted into the Clarksdale/Coahoma County Sports Hall of Fame April 2 at the Pinnacle Building of Coahoma Community College. George Crump Miller '71 and James Washington Sr.
A group of Delta State University baseball alumni recently gathered for a weekend of fun reunion activities on campus. The group enjoyed lunch downtown with their former coach, the legendary Boo Ferriss, and his wife
The Delta State family is gearing up for the third annual Go Green Weekend, scheduled on campus March 31 through April 3. Events include live entertainment, tailgating, a cooking competition, sporting events and a spring
The Delta State Alumni Association recently hosted a pregame party before the Statesmen baseball team played William Carey Univeristy at MGM Park – Shuckers Stadium in Biloxi. The social was held in the Mercedes Benz


text:
1400 Esters Road Irving Texas 75061
Are you the property manager?
NESTLED AMONG THE TREES, BUT OFFERING CITY CONVENIENCE.....ESCAPE TO FOXBOROUGH! We offer a variety of floor plans to choose from, each with its own distinctive style, including one and two bedroom plus duplexes with two-car garages, all loaded with amenities. Take a relaxing swim in one of our pools, have a workout in our aerobics room, or enjoy a nice picnic under our gazebo. At Foxborough, we have it all and we are only minutes from DFW, Highway 183, downtown Dallas dining, shopping and entertainment. Why wait any longer? Move to Foxborough! LIVE IT. LOVE IT. GUARANTEE. Available to take your call 24/7. We are proud to be recognized as one of ApartmentRatings Top Rated Award recipients for 2014. Only 6% of properties across the United States listed on ApartmentRatings qualified for award consideration in 2014, making winning a Top Rated award an exclusive and admirable accomplishment.
Other Apartments Nearby
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Zip Codes Near Irving, TX
Cities Near Irving, TX
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Colleges Near Irving, TX
- North Lake College, TX
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- Perkins School of Theology, TX
- Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics, TX
- Art Institute of Dallas, TX
- Central Texas Commercial College, TX
- El Centro College, TX
- Westwood College Dallas, TX


text:
Volume 31. Surfactants in Analytical Chemistry
1st Edition
Applications of Organized Amphiphilic Media
- Print ISBN 9780444890337
- Electronic ISBN 9780080953342
Applications of Organized Amphiphilic Media
The volume has been organized into two parts. The first part, consisting of three chapters, describes the structural features and properties of amphiphilic aggregates and the analysis of the interactions between analytes and these assemblies. Attention is focussed on the distribution and location of solutes within the different regions of the microheterogeneous media, and on the observed effects on chemical equilibria, kinetics and molecular properties of substrates. The second part, comprising five chapters, centers on the applications of amphiphilic systems in specific analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy, chromatography, electroanalysis, etc. The role of surfactant aggregates is examined in the light of existing theories and models, and performances are compared with those obtained with traditional methods. The potential interest of some recently developed surfactant-based separations, such as extractions with reversed micelles or micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration, in biotechnology and pollution control is also underlined. Finally, the need for new functionalized surfactants, designed specifically for the novel analytical applications is considered, e.g. the preparation of chelating micelles obtained from suitable amphiphilic ligands and their performances as extracting systems for metal ions are described.
Researchers working on the applications of surfactants in environmental chemistry and biotechnology and organic and physical chemists concerned with reactivity and synthesis in organized media will find this a valuable text.


text:
Need an elgg site developed
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I need a site created using elgg. I want a custom theme. And I want several plugins installed, that you think I will like. I'm trying to create a social networking site for a niche market, the site should have features like some of the features linkedin and facebook have. Please describe your experience with elgg.
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- Forbes
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- Time
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


text:
This manual teaches cops and other law enforcement personnel all they need to know to recognize a booby trap and respond properly. Find out where booby traps are most commonly employed; the 11 physical signs that most often signal a trap; what to do (and not do) if a trap is suspected or found; how to safely search a building, outdoor site or vehicle; and the one indicator that practically guarantees that a building has been booby-trapped. Shows more than 90 different booby traps in place. For academic study only.
You can read this item using any of the following Kobo apps and devices:


text:
New York, NYUSA
September 6, 2013
I want to start growing food.
In my backyard
No answer yet
My backyard
I am a 32 year old New Yorker with a backyard eager to fill it with healthy food and am interesting in learning more about how I can do this and connecting with others that share this passion.
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text:
Here's a cartoon which gives an insight into the Morning Show of the Imperial Holovision.
And you have to watch this, of course.
Special thanks to Navy Trooper Fenson who helped me with his ideas to made this little gag!
*High Definition*
Edited by nine-eleven, 14 April 2010 - 07:13 PM.


text:
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 11, 1998
|Filing date
|Feb 8, 1996
|Priority date
|Feb 8, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Bradley J. DeBauche
|Original Assignee
|Pacific Communication Sciences, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (16), Classifications (13), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to battery powered electronic devices, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for increasing the system runtime of a battery powered electronic device using non-rechargeable batteries as an energy source.
2. Description of the Related Art
Battery powered electronic devices of many kinds are characterized by device loads turning on and off at different times and thus, summing together in a variety of load combinations. These load combinations create power requirements which range widely depending upon the number of loads simultaneously connected and the nature of each load. Also, the on/off duty cycle of these loads can vary significantly with much time being spent in very low power idle modes.
High load situations can significantly lower battery life. That is, the more power required from the battery within a defined period of time, the less effective capacity the cell will have. This is because of a number of factors, including battery construction techniques, Ohmic resistance, activation resistance, and several "real world" limitations. This applies to all battery chemistries, but is more pronounced for non-rechargeable cells than for rechargeables. The reason is that the internal resistance of non-rechargeable cells is significantly larger than that of rechargeable cells.
In the case of many battery operated electronic devices that use alkaline (non-rechargeable) cells, the effect of decreasing cell capacity with increasing discharge rate can become very pronounced. For example, cell capacity decreases very significantly at discharge rates of greater than 10 percent of the manufacturers rated capacity for the cell. Nevertheless, many battery operated devices (such as wireless communication equipment using alkaline cells) have system design constraints which require electronic loads in the system which require power to be supplied at rates which are, at times, greater than the manufacturer's rated discharge rate for the alkaline cell. This situation effectively derates the alkaline cell, which provides less effective capacity, and therefore less system runtime.
In the case of non-rechargeable alkaline cells, the impact on system runtime is from two discharge current related sources. The first is conductive losses within the cell itself. These losses increase exponentially with increases in discharge current. The second is from the voltage drop at the terminals because of the conductive losses. This cell terminal voltage drop, will at some point pull the battery voltage outside the regulation limit of the connected electronic circuitry. Therefore, as the discharge rate of the alkaline cell increases, there will be more internal cell conductive losses, thereby subtracting from the cell's net energy. There will also be a voltage drop (under system load) which will cause conversion and regulation to be difficult and expensive (particularly in the single cell case) using existing power conversion techniques and semiconductor materials. The voltage drop will therefore leave some of the alkaline cell's energy inaccessible to the system. This is notable because there may still be energy left in the cell, however, the system must decrease its load to allow it to be used. The energy left in the cell because the terminal voltage sag under load will typically exceed the conductive losses.
In view of these considerations, it is observed that in the case of many electronic devices that use non-rechargeable alkalines, decreasing the maximum sustained current drain provides runtime benefits that are greater than the net change in active system load. This is demonstrated in the graph shown in FIG. 1, which illustrates that a cell capacity evaluated at discharge rate 1 is greater than the same type battery discharged at discharge rate 2, where discharge rate 2 is greater than discharge rate 1.
Given load requirements that would derate non-rechargeable alkaline cells, there are several ways of decreasing the system load power requirement on the alkaline battery, and hence yielding a greater system runtime. The most typical method is to decrease the power requirement of the actual system load itself by decreasing functions performed by the load or using advanced technologies and techniques in the loads themselves. The problem with this technique is that in many cases the loads simply cannot be decreased adequately to yield significant increases in system runtime.
Another method is to balance the discharge rate out of the alkaline battery via load sharing techniques with a lower internal resistance energy reservoir like a rechargeable NiCd battery. This will decrease sustained maximum current drain on the alkaline cell. Prior systems of this type have involved transferring energy from the alkaline cells to the rechargeable cells. As a result, system loads can then be sourced from the NiCds. The problem with this method is that there are many losses in this sequential transfer scheme. First, there is the conversion loss from the alkaline cells to the charging of NiCd cells. Second, there are charge efficiency losses associated with rechargeable chemistry. Third, there is a regulation loss from the NiCd cell to the eventual system load.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide a technique for increasing battery life, effective capacity, and therefore, system runtime in battery powered electronic devices by reducing the load on non-rechargeable battery cells. Furthermore, it would be desirable to provide a technique for decreasing the load on non-rechargeable battery cells so that more of the cell's energy is accessible to the system.
The present invention is a system and method for increasing the available energy, and system runtime of battery powered electronic devices which use non-rechargeable cells as an energy source. The present invention employs techniques for using energy from both rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries in a manner which discharges each of the different cells within their optimal discharge ranges. In particular, the non-rechargeable batteries are used for low rates of system discharge and rechargeable cells supplement the non-rechargeable batteries for higher system loads. As a result, the non-rechargeable cells are not derated and unnecessary additional regulation losses are not imposed on the rechargeable cells. Further, the present invention is well suited for systems which have widely varying loads.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a method of supplying electrical power to an electronic device is provided which includes the steps of sensing the load of the electronic device and determining whether the load is above or below a predetermined threshold. When the sensed load is below a predetermined threshold, the present invention supplies all of the power to the device from a non-rechargeable battery. Conversely, when the sensed load is equal to or above the predetermined threshold, power is supplied to the device from both the non-rechargeable battery and a rechargeable battery.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the above-described method also includes the steps of determining whether the sensed load is above or below a second predetermined threshold which is lower than the first predetermined threshold. When the sensed load is below the second predetermined threshold, the rechargeable battery is recharged using power from the non-rechargeable battery.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided for supplying electrical power to an electronic device. The apparatus includes a power source switch and non-rechargeable and rechargeable battery units, both coupled to the power source switch. A current sensor is coupled to the electronic device and also to the power source switch. The power source switch includes a means for determining when the current sensed by the current sensor is greater than a predetermined threshold. Also, the apparatus includes a means for supplying power to the electronic device from both the non-rechargeable and the rechargeable batteries only when the sensed current is greater than the predetermined threshold.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the above-described apparatus also includes a means for determining whether the sensed current is above or below a second predetermined threshold which is lower than the first predetermined threshold. This embodiment also includes a means for recharging the rechargeable battery using power from the non-rechargeable battery when the sensed load is below the second predetermined threshold. As a result, battery life in the non-rechargeable battery is increased since the system load requirements on the non-rechargeable battery are decreased. This results in increasing the effective capacity of the non-rechargeable battery by permitting more of the cell's energy to be accessible.
The details of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Once the details of the invention are known, numerous additional innovations and changes will become obvious to one skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a battery discharge curve indicating the differing capacity of a non-rechargeable alkaline battery at two different discharge rates.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system, in accordance with the present invention, illustrating the case of typical system load within the discharge rate of the non-rechargeable battery.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the present invention, in a case of the low system load where the rechargeable batteries are recharged.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the present invention, illustrating a high system load situation where the system load is sourced from both the rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries.
FIG. 5 is flow chart illustrating the steps taken in the method in accordance with the present invention.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are Ragone plots of discharge rates of non-rechargeable batteries.
Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings refer to like elements.
The present invention is a system for enabling an electronic device to use energy from both non-rechargeable and rechargeable batteries so as to discharge each of the different cells within their optimal discharge ranges. The non-rechargeable batteries are utilized for low rates of device discharge and the rechargeable batteries supplement the non-rechargeables for higher device discharge rates. As a result, the non-rechargeable cells are not derated, nor are unnecessary additional regulation losses introduced via the rechargeable batteries. The present invention is well suited for widely varying device loads and allows for selective charging of the rechargeable cells when there is a minimal device load.
FIGS. 2-4 represents one embodiment of the present invention in various operational modes. It should be noted that the instantaneous energy drawn from the non-rechargeable cells via the present invention will approach the average energy over time needed to operate the system versus the peak system load needs. The current relationships are for reference, and do not take into consideration typical losses.
Referring to FIG. 2, a battery operated power supply system 10 is shown under a typical device load condition, including both rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries in accordance with the present invention. The typical device load is defined as one which is within the normal alkaline discharge range. For example, in FIG. 1 a typical discharge rate would be represented by the lower discharge 1, which yields a higher capacity for the non-rechargeable cell. The state of the system 10 under typical system load condition is indicated diagrammatically by equation 26 (shown in FIG. 2) which indicates that no current is being drawn from the rechargeable cell and equation 28 (shown in FIG. 2) which indicates that all of the device power is derived from the alkaline cell.
It will be appreciated that the power supply system 10 may be utilized with a wide variety of battery operated portable electronic devices including computing and communications devices. The power is supplied to the device through a base system power supply 12 which supplies electrical power to an electronic device 14 through line 15. A non-rechargeable battery cell 16 and a rechargeable battery cell 18 provide electrical power for the battery supply system 10. In the preferred embodiment, the non-rechargeable cell 16 is an alkaline battery and the rechargeable cells are nickel cadmium batteries (NiCd).
The power supply system 10 also includes a current sense unit 22 which senses the instantaneous load of the electronic device 14. This current information measured by the current sense unit 22 is used by a processor, such as microcontroller 17, to determine in which mode the power supply system should be. That is, as described in more detail in connection with FIG. 5, the micro controller 17, using information from the current sense unit 22 controls a power source switch to place the power supply system 10 into one of three basic modes. These modes are characterized according to the level of current sensed by the current sense unit 18 as being low, typical and high system load conditions.
In a typical load condition, all of the power supplied by the power supply system 10 comes from the non-rechargeable alkaline cell 16. That is, electrical power is directed from the cell 16 to the base supply power system 12, and out to the device 14 being powered along output line 15.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram of the power supply system 10 is shown which is identical to that shown in FIG. 2, except that this time the system is in low system load condition. A charge power supply unit 24 is provided for transferring power from the non-rechargeable cell 16 to the rechargeable cell 18 in order to recharge the rechargeable cells 18 during the recharge mode, as described in more detail below. This mode, represents the situation where the level of current required by the device load is below a threshold referred to as I.sub.(device standby). I.sub.(device standby) is preferably set at a current level which is relatively low with regard to current drawn during typical system load condition. This is illustrated by equation 30, which indicates that there is low current draw by the device 14. In this mode the alkaline cell 16 is coupled to the rechargeable cell through the charge power supply 24. This is illustrated by equation 32, which indicates that the current from the alkaline cell 16 is being used to recharge the rechargeable cell 18.
Referring now to FIG. 4, the power supply system 10 of the present invention is shown in the high system load condition. All of the components are the same as those described above in connection with FIG. 2. However, in this case the power to the device is provided by both the non-rechargeable and rechargeable cells, as shown in equation 34. Power source switch 20 allows power from both the rechargeable cell 16 and rechargeable cell 18 to be utilized and transferred from the power supply system 10 to the electronic device 14 through output 15. It will be appreciated that high system load means that there is a high discharge rate such as discharge rate 2 shown in FIG. 1. Such a discharge rate, as discussed above, would result in a decreasing capacity of the non-rechargeable cell if not supplemented by the rechargeable cell. The Base system power supply would deliver a current of a maximum amount equal to IAlkaline. Additional device current would be sourced from the rechargeable cell 18. Furthermore, in the low system load condition shown in FIG. 3, it will be appreciated that in some situations the rechargeable cells will not need recharging. Thus, the power supply system 10 has the capability (as discussed in more detail below) of determining whether the cells need recharging and only performing the recharging when it is needed. For example, in FIG. 3, the function of determining whether the rechargeable cells need recharging or not will be performed by sensing circuitry and control outside of the power supply system 10. This would be typically done via a processor or microcontroller using conventional technologies known in the art.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the rechargeable cells may be recharged utilizing a source of power external to the power supply system 10 of the present invention. This gives the user greater flexibility since the rechargeable batteries may then be recharged utilizing either the non-rechargeable cells or an external source when that external source is available. In some embodiments of the present invention, it may even be desired to have the recharging performed exclusively by external power. In such cases, steps 50 and 54 in FIG. 5 may, or may not, be omitted.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a flow chart showing the logic control needed to implement the invention is shown. In one embodiment of the present invention, this logic may be performed by microcontroller 17. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that some of these functions can be performed by appropriate hardware elements. Conversely, the microcontroller may also be used to sense the device load, for example, by responding to the energy demands of the microcontroller itself. The software routine 36, of FIG. 5 begins in step 38 where the device load is determined. The device load is represented as I.sub.(device). The device load is a dynamic value that depends on the state of the electronic device 14, which is powered by the power supply system 10. In one embodiment of the present invention, the current required by the device load may be determined by the current sense unit 22. The system 10 determines whether the current required by the device load results in a discharge rate which is greater than the maximum desired discharge rate of the non-rechargeable cells. The maximum I.sub.(alkaline) is a fixed value that is determined by the particular non-rechargeable cell chemistry. This determination is performed in step 40. If yes (that is, "I.sub.(device) " is greater than "I.sub.(alkaline) "), the rechargeable cell is enabled to the power source switch 20 in step 42, and the system will be in the high system load condition described above in connection with FIG. 4. The program 36 will then proceed through path 44 back to step 38.
If, instead, the current required by the device load as determined in step 40 results in a discharge rate which is less than or equal to the maximum desired discharge rate for the non-rechargeable cells, then the system proceeds to step 46, where it is determined whether the current is less than I.sub.(device standby). If not, step 46 proceeds through path 48 back to step 38, and the system 10 remains in the typical device load condition, as described above in connection with FIG. 2.
However, if the current drawn by the device load is below the I.sub.(device standby) then program 36 proceeds to step 50, where it is determined whether the rechargeable cells 18 need recharging. As described above, this determination may be made by non-power supply system logic in the microprocessor 17 which would activate NiCd Cell charge power supply 24. If the rechargeable cells do not need recharging, then the process proceeds through path 52 back to step 38 and the system remains in the typical system load mode described in FIG. 2. If the rechargeable cells do need recharging, then the rechargeable cells are recharged in step 54 as described above in connection with FIG. 3. The program will then proceed through path 56 back to step 38 and recharging will continue until step 50 determines that the cells no longer need recharging, or until system load changes as determined by steps 40 and 46. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a determination is made as to whether the discharge rate is less than the maximum desired discharge rate of the non-rechargeable cells. This determination is made instead of the determination previously recited in step 40. If no (that is "I.sub.(device) " is greater than or equal to "I.sub.(alkaline) "), the rechargeable cell is enabled to the power source switch 20 in step 42, and the system will be in the high system load condition described above in connection with FIG. 4. Accordingly, it should be understood that when "I.sub.(device) " is equal to "I.sub.(alkaline) ", either step 42 or step 46 may be performed, depending upon the application and implementation of the electronic device being powered.
One of the many important applications of the present invention is wireless communication devices where battery runtimes can be an important factor in consumer acceptance and product success. For example, in one wireless communication device using a single alkaline cell without the techniques of the present invention, a typical runtime may be approximately 13.5 days. With the use of the present invention, however, the average discharge rate of the alkaline cell may approach 100 mA @100 m Wh per day. This discharge rate is well within the manufacturer's rated discharge of the cell and would yield 18-19 days of runtime This would result in a 33 percent battery runtime improvement. In other devices, the increase in system runtime resulting from the use of the present invention might allow a device which otherwise requires more expensive battery technologies to have adequate system runtime using inexpensive and readily available alkaline cells.
Referring now to FIGS. 6A and 6B, Ragone plots of the discharge of non-rechargeable alkaline batteries are shown. It will be appreciated that a Ragone plot is a means of plotting the discharge rate versus capacity for a battery. FIGS. 6A and 6B depicts curves 58 and 60 respectively which show the discharge rate of an alkaline battery in miliamps (mA) versus the resulting cell capacity in units of milliamp hours (mAh). In this data the end of the discharge voltage capacity is reached in these graphs when the discharge voltage equals 0.9 volts. FIGS. 6A and 6B differ only in that FIG. 6A has both the x and y axis on a logarithmic scale and in FIG. 6B the x axis is on a linear scale and the y axis is logarithmic. Curves 58 and 60 show that as the discharge rate is reduced (in this case from about 1,000 to 100 milliamps), the cell capacity increases (from about 500 mAh at 1,000 milliamp discharge rate to about 2,000 mAh at a discharge rate of 94 miliamps). This illustrates the dramatic increase in alkaline cell capacity that is achievable by reducing the discharge rate of the alkaline cell. This data underscores the benefits achieved by the present invention by reducing the discharge rate. That is, cell capacity is significantly improved by utilizing the techniques of the present invention to reduce the discharge rate for a non-rechargeable battery.
A number of embodiments of the present invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the logical and physical organization of the components of the present invention may differ from those that are disclosed without departing from the scope of the present invention as will be clear to one of ordinary skill. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited by the specific illustrated embodiment, but only by the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 26, 1957
|Dec 31, 1957
|Light House Inc
|Battery power supply system
|Mar 22, 1978
|Jul 1, 1980
|Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction
|Method and device for charging secondary electric batteries by primary sources
|Sep 9, 1985
|May 19, 1987
|Tie/Communications, Inc.
|Three-way power source circuit
|Feb 15, 1991
|Apr 20, 1993
|Globe-Union, Inc.
|Long lived dual battery with automatic latching switch
|Jul 12, 1993
|Feb 7, 1995
|Academy Of Applied Science
|Energy-conserving multiple power source and method for battery-operated products
|Nov 22, 1994
|Oct 22, 1996
|Nec Corporation
|Portable electric equipment and rechargeable built-in batteries
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 9, 1997
|Oct 26, 1999
|Ericsson Inc.
|Battery packs including rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries and related systems and methods
|May 2, 2000
|Nov 12, 2002
|Techtium Ltd.
|Rechargeable battery packs
|Oct 19, 2001
|Mar 30, 2004
|Evionyx, Inc.
|Selectively activated electrochemical cell system
|Apr 10, 2003
|Oct 26, 2004
|Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Apparatus and method for powering portable battery operated light sources
|Jan 23, 2004
|Aug 23, 2005
|Evionyx, Inc.
|Selectively activated electrochemical cell system
|Jun 22, 2004
|Feb 13, 2007
|Campbell Hausfeld/Scott Fetzer Company
|Tool with battery pack
|Nov 2, 2010
|Glj, Llc
|Intelligent motorized appliances with multiple power sources
|Feb 26, 2013
|The Coleman Company, Inc.
|Electrical appliance that utilizes multiple power sources
|Jul 16, 2013
|Dec 2, 2014
|Christopher V. Beckman
|Batteries for optimizing output and charge balance with adjustable, exportable and addressable characteristics
|Apr 10, 2003
|Oct 16, 2003
|Simon Solingen
|Apparatus and method for powering portable battery operated light sources
|Jan 23, 2004
|Oct 21, 2004
|Donald Dubac
|Selectively activated electrochemical cell system
|Jun 22, 2004
|Dec 22, 2005
|Feldmann William M
|Tool with battery pack
|Jun 26, 2008
|Jan 1, 2009
|The Coleman Company, Inc.
|Electrical appliance that utilizes multiple power sources
|May 2, 2000
|May 2, 2002
|Techtium Ltd.
|Rechargeable battery packs
|Nov 19, 2001
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|Electric Fuel (E.F.L.) Ltd.
|High capacity compact power source
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|Electric Fuel Ltd
|High capacity compact power source
|U.S. Classification
|320/121, 320/135, 320/126
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 8, 1996
Owner name: PACIFIC COMMUNICATION SCIENCES, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DEBAUCHE, BRADLEY J.;REEL/FRAME:007882/0607
Effective date: 19960131
|Feb 8, 2002
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|Mar 5, 2002
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Year of fee payment: 7
|Apr 28, 2006
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|Feb 11, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Jobs - the European crisis
A presidency, usually, is no small thing. It smacks of power, of ritual, of ceremony. Spain would have you agree. It has just taken over the rotating EU Presidency.
Next weekend, guests are invited to Madrid to celebrate the moment. European leaders like the presidency. They can revel in summitry, in receiving international figures, in appearing at the centre of events.
They hope, but it does not all always happen that way, that the flashing of the cameras will improve their ratings. The embattled Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero will be no different. He needs all the help he can with Spain mired in debt and unemployment. Its construction industry has collapsed leaving four million out of work.
So what will the Spanish do with this six-month bubble of power?
The Spanish foreign minister has laid out some priorities: implementing the Lisbon Treaty, finding a way out of the financial crisis and initiatives to develop the rights and freedoms of EU citizens. Oh, there is also the matter of a Palestinian state, "the sooner the better", according to the foreign minister. And perhaps new openings for Cuba.
All of these may be important or even desirable, but it's a fair bet that across Europe, if you were to tap opinion in the bars and brasseries, there would be surprising unanimity on what to do even with a sliver of power.
Jobs, growth, getting Europe moving again. The rest can go hang.
For out there, even as the recession recedes, it leaves in its wake a stunning crisis. Across large parts of Europe a young generation is without work. The stats speak for themselves. Youth unemployment in Spain is 42%. In Greece it's 25%. In Italy it's almost 27%. Ireland is around there too.
Such numbers, without hope, can have profound consequences for societies. This is not just a human crisis, however, it is a potential crisis for the single currency. This could be the biggest challenge for the euro. How do these countries stimulate their economies while having to reduce their deficits to comply with rules that govern belonging to the euro.
To be fair to the Spanish prime minister, he wants to make economic recovery a priority of his EU Presidency. The danger, for him, is that the EU appears too focused on its
internal structures, on making the Lisbon Treaty work. Already one survey suggests that two-thirds of the Spanish people have no interest in EU business.
The political risk for Prime Minister Zapatero is that he becomes the face of an institution that seems distracted by, for instance, setting up a new diplomatic service. There is another problem for Madrid: the wings of the rotating presidency have been clipped.
Under the Lisbon Treaty, which now governs how the EU functions, summits will be chaired not by Mr Zapatero, but by Herman Van Rompuy, the permanent President of the European Council. Mr Zapatero can't guarantee a seat at the final press conference.
Back home he could be judged an empty suit.
Mr Van Rompuy has already suggested an informal summit in February to discuss economic problems. There may well be arguments over whose power extends where and, if that happens, the risk is that the EU's leaders seem too focused on themselves and their institutions rather than on the needs of ordinary people.


text:
U.S. Sports Desk, Sep 6 (EFE).- Belarusian Victoria Azarenka struggled again on serve but still comfortably advanced to the U.S. Open final for the second straight year with a 6-4, 6-2 victory Friday over Italy's Flavia Pennetta in breezy conditions.
The world No. 2 won fewer than half of her overall service points and was broken on five occasions, reminiscent of her match earlier in the tournament against Serbia's Ana Ivanovic when she lost serve a whopping seven times.
Like in that fourth-round encounter, however, Azarenka's dominating return game was the difference Friday as Pennetta only won her serve once during the one-hour, 34-minute match.
In the second set, the Italian lost all four of her service games and only won six of her 23 serve points.
"I didn't serve really well today, but she neither. I think it was a lot of wind in the court. It's moving a lot the ball all the time," Pennetta, who was playing in her first Grand Slam semifinal, said afterward.
"It was not easy to serve. But for me, I think I didn't serve in the way I was serving before because she make me a lot of pressure."
Azarenka advanced to the final without having to face a top-10 player but that will change in Sunday's final when she takes on world No. 1 Serena Williams, who steamrolled world No. 5 Na Li of China in Friday's second semifinal 6-0, 6-3.
Williams and Azarenka also squared off in last year's final, with the American 16-time Grand Slam champion coming out on top in three sets.


text:
Hi, I'm the untameable dragon!
For those who REALLY want to know me...
Name :Ehhh... No thanks...
location: What are you, a stalker?
favorite animal(s): In order: dragon(of course), horse, phoenix, tiger, and wolf.
favorite food: Lucelles BBQ smokehouse's baby back ribs, and chocolate... Gods, the sweets...
dislike: Bitter food, foul words(Leaniant on a few, but only a few)people who break promises, rapists, racists late people, things that are sharp and can poke you (namely needles, Uggh!), animals that can rip you to shreds. Really: the list goes on and on!
Hobbies: I absolutely LOVE to draw! I also like to hang out on the computer(no IMing) and do puzzles.
My deviantart account has a couple of my works of art.
Here are some quotes I absolutely cherish:
"Heaven has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turned,/Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman scorned." - William Congreve
"Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted."


text:
Defective Kindle Screen Problem - Horrible
What do you think about this video?
Michael Andersen-Andrade: That accent....ouch.
Alexis Maria: FML this happened to me this am...have had this kindle for a good 3 years and it was still kicking until now :(
I refuse to give in and buy a newer model because this one is so great! Wondering what I can do now ughh off to try and give amazon a call :(
andalanjawabarat: It happened to my kindle just two days ago. I woke up and found my kindle screen with black lines. Unfortunately I haven't synchronized all my notes and highlights otherwise I would have had no problem to access my collections from other gadgets. But the music player is still working. The speaker is pretty awesome so now I just use it to play my music collections while working or relaxing.
Andras Nagy:
Nora Steel: My screen was frozen..but holding the power button for about 30-40 seconds brought it back to life! I don't know what your problem is, sounds like Amazon just needs to give you another one..and good luck!
Eric Neel: this happened to my b/w nook
Bec Cole: same here, had mine on charge today had a normal screen go back a few hrs later to see if its fully charged and this happened to my screen when it had been in the same spot untouched during this time makes no sense. Unfortunately its a few years old so out of warranty .
Rosie Andrews: Seems to be a common problem with kindle. This has now just happened me for the 3rd time. I dont drop it and look after it really well thought kindle would have been a better product
Tiara X: My friend dropped it this morning, now I can't see the bottom of my screen
Iris Campos Neves: I stayed a while without using my kindle. as I took it to load it with this full-screen dark stripes. He runs all over the screen is striped, making it impossible to read.
LoLTV: same ehre, mine broke
Jonatas de Faveri: I had the same problem. yesterday i dismounted my wife kindle and the screen are broken inside, imperceptible looking outside. u.u
Im looking for a new screen, but we live in Brazil and don't have this kindle model, my wife bought in Canada 4 years ago.
Mary Beth Fields: My screen didn't do this until one of my cats knocked it off the mantle and onto the stone hearth below.
Toms VEILANDS: Same trouble to me, screen went dead after three years of hard work, love this model, battery life is enormous in comparison to other models =[
Victoria Mundy: I had mine 1yr and 1 day and the thing did the same thing except it shows a little of the screen and the whole pictures shake. They would not honor the warranty as they said it ran out. so I am stuck with a broken kindle and have to throw it away. what a waste .
George Breithaupt: Not much to do if your out of the warrantee period except get a new one. I go to erBay to get some pretty good deals on used Kindles and have had some pretty good luck. My "latest" replacement e-reader, the one that didn't have a touch-screen, crapped out on me and I won an auction for kindle e-reader touch screen for $30.
Antonia Meier: Same with mine :( mine is pretty old, about 4 years now, so I don't have any guarantee on this kindle left. but today, it just froze. one half shows the empty-battery-sign and the other one the screensaver. what am I supposed to do now?
Andrus Lahe: Same with mine after 2 years.
Achille Broggi: it happened to mine, just a couple of month after the warranty expired
Stephane Rolland: Same with mine last week. It was 2 or 3 years old.
Shrimps: Thanks man, I appreciate the feedback. The reason I was able to get sales is because I offer rare shrimps for sale. Not many other online place is willing to take the risk at shipping high priced shrimps. That is my way of earning online.
Defective Kindle screen problem - horrible 5 out of 5


text:
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
- Author: Mevan N Wijetunga, MD, FACC, FHRS; Chief Editor: Jeffrey N Rottman, MD more...
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) is an exaggerated response to carotid sinus baroreceptor stimulation. It results in dizziness or syncope from transient diminished cerebral perfusion.[1]
Although baroreceptor function usually diminishes with age, some people experience hypersensitive carotid baroreflexes. For these individuals, even mild stimulation to the neck results in marked bradycardia and a drop in blood pressure.
CSH predominantly affects older males. It is a potent contributory factor and a potentially treatable cause of unexplained falls and neurocardiogenic syncopal episodes in elderly people.[2, 3, 4] Yet, CSH is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of presyncope and syncope.[5]
CSH, orthostatic hypotension, and vasovagal syncope are common conditions that are likely to coexist in patients with syncope and falls.[6]
The carotid sinus reflex plays a central role in blood pressure homeostasis. Changes in stretch and transmural pressure are detected by baroreceptors in the heart, carotid sinus, aortic arch, and other large vessels. Afferent impulses are transmitted by the carotid sinus, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves to the nuclei tractus solitarius and the para median nucleus in the brain stem. Efferent limbs are carried through sympathetic and vagus nerves to the heart and blood vessels, controlling heart rate and vasomotor tone.
In CSH, mechanical deformation of the carotid sinus (located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery) leads to an exaggerated response with bradycardia or vasodilatation, resulting in hypotension, presyncope, or syncope.
The hemodynamic changes following carotid sinus stimulation are independent of body position. These changes have a distinct temporal pattern, with an initial fall in the cardiac output driven by heart rate, followed by a later fall in total peripheral resistance.[7]
CSH may be a part of a generalized autonomic disorder associated with autonomic dysregulation.[8] Data have been reported on neuronal degeneration with accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau or alpha-synuclein in neurones in medulla, leading to impairment of central regulation of baroreflex responses and predispose elderly patients to CSH.[9]
However, the exact mechanism and site of abnormal sensitivity is unknown. The exaggerated response may be due to changes in any part of the reflex arc or the target organs. A potential mechanism for the symptomatic presentation of CSH (eg, syncope, blood pressure/heart rate changes) may be impaired cerebral autoregulation.[10]
Clinically and historically, 3 types of CSH have been described, as follows:
The cardioinhibitory type comprises 70-75% of cases. The predominant manifestation is a decreased heart rate, which results in sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, or asystole due to vagal action on sinus and atrioventricular nodes. This response can be abolished with atropine. [11]
The vasodepressor type comprises 5-10% of cases. The predominant manifestation is a vasomotor tone decrease without a change in heart rate. The significant resulting drop in blood pressure is due to a change in the balance of parasympathetic and sympathetic effects on peripheral blood vessels. This response is not abolished with atropine.
The mixed type comprises 20-25% of cases. A decrease in heart rate and vasomotor tone occurs.
A proposal by a group of international experts suggests that the classification of CSH into 3 types as above should be revised. It has been suggested that all patients with CSH should be classified as "mixed" between vasodepression and cardioinhibition. This is because isolated cardioinhibitory CSH (asystole without fall in arterial pressure) does not occur.[12]
The terms spontaneous carotid sinus syndrome and induced carotid sinus syndrome have also been introduced to categorize patients who are presumed to have CSH, as follows:
The term spontaneous carotid sinus syndrome refers to a clinical situation in which the symptoms can be clearly attributed to a history of accidental mechanical manipulation of the carotid sinuses (eg, taking pulses in the neck, shaving) and CSH is reproduced by carotid sinus massage. Spontaneous carotid sinus syndrome is rare and accounts for about 1% of causes of syncope.
The term induced carotid sinus syndrome refers to a clinical situation in which a patient has no clear history of accidental mechanical manipulation of the carotid sinuses and has a negative result from workup for syncope, except for a hypersensitive response to carotid sinus massage, which can be attributed to the patient's symptoms. Induced carotid sinus syndrome is more prevalent than spontaneous carotid sinus syndrome and accounts for the bulk of patients with an abnormal response to carotid sinus massage observed in the clinical setting.
United States
CSH is found in 0.5-9.0% of patients with recurrent syncope.
CSH is observed in up to 14% of elderly nursing home patients and 30% of elderly patients with unexplained syncope and drop attacks.
CSH is associated with an increased risk of falls, drop attacks, bodily injuries, and fractures in elderly patients.
In the general population, the rates of mortality, sudden death, myocardial infarction, or stroke are unaffected by the presence of CSH.
CSH is more common in males than in females.
CSH is predominantly a disease of elderly people; it is virtually unknown in people younger than 50 years.
Seifer C. Carotid sinus syndrome. Cardiol Clin. 2013 Feb. 31(1):111-21. [Medline].
Parry SW, Steen N, Bexton RS, Tynan M, Kenny RA. Pacing in elderly recurrent fallers with carotid sinus hypersensitivity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover trial. Heart. 2009 May. 95(5):405-9. [Medline].
Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15. CD007146. [Medline].
Smebye KL, Granum S, Wyller TB, Mellingsæter M. Medical findings in an interdisciplinary geriatric outpatient clinic specialising in falls. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2014 Apr 8. 134(7):705-9. [Medline].
Ziegelstein RC. Near-syncope after exercise. JAMA. 2004 Sep 8. 292(10):1221-6. [Medline].
Tan MP, Newton JL, Chadwick TJ, Parry SW. The relationship between carotid sinus hypersensitivity, orthostatic hypotension, and vasovagal syncope: a case-control study. Europace. 2008 Dec. 10(12):1400-5. [Medline].
Krediet CT, Jardine DL, Wieling W. Dissection of carotid sinus hypersensitivity: the timing of vagal and vasodepressor effects and the effect of body position. Clin Sci (Lond). 2011 Nov. 121(9):389-96. [Medline].
Tan MP, Kenny RA, Chadwick TJ, Kerr SR, Parry SW. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity: disease state or clinical sign of ageing? Insights from a controlled study of autonomic function in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Europace. 2010 Nov. 12(11):1630-6. [Medline].
Miller VM, Kenny RA, Slade JY, Oakley AE, Kalaria RN. Medullary autonomic pathology in carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2008 Aug. 34(4):403-11. [Medline].
Tan MP, Chadwick TJ, Kerr SR, Parry SW. Symptomatic presentation of carotid sinus hypersensitivity is associated with impaired cerebral autoregulation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Jun 19. 3(3):e000514. [Medline].
Lacerda Gde C, Pedrosa RC, Lacerda RC, et al. Cardioinhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity: prevalence and predictors in 502 outpatients. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008 Mar. 90(3):148-55. [Medline].
Wieling W, Krediet CT, Solari D, de Lange FJ, van Dijk N, Thijs RD, et al. At the heart of the arterial baroreflex: a physiological basis for a new classification of carotid sinus hypersensitivity. J Intern Med. 2013 Apr. 273(4):345-58. [Medline].
Kuo FY, Hsiao HC, Chiou CW, Liu CP. Recurrent syncope due to carotid sinus hypersensitivity and sick sinus syndrome. J Chin Med Assoc. 2008 Oct. 71(10):532-5. [Medline].
McIntosh SJ, Lawson J, Kenny RA. Clinical characteristics of vasodepressor, cardioinhibitory, and mixed carotid sinus syndrome in the elderly. Am J Med. 1993 Aug. 95(2):203-8. [Medline].
Ballard C, Shaw F, McKeith I, Kenny R. High prevalence of neurovascular instability in neurodegenerative dementias. Neurology. 1998 Dec. 51(6):1760-2. [Medline].
Kenny RA, Shaw FE, O'Brien JT, Scheltens PH, Kalaria R, Ballard C. Carotid sinus syndrome is common in dementia with Lewy bodies and correlates with deep white matter lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Jul. 75(7):966-71. [Medline].
Kenny RA, O'Shea D, Parry SW. The Newcastle protocols for head-up tilt table testing in the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, and related disorders. Heart. 2000 May. 83(5):564-9. [Medline].
Morillo CA, Camacho ME, Wood MA, et al. Diagnostic utility of mechanical, pharmacological and orthostatic stimulation of the carotid sinus in patients with unexplained syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Nov 1. 34(5):1587-94. [Medline].
Krediet CT, Parry SW, Jardine DL, Benditt DG, Brignole M, Wieling W. The history of diagnosing carotid sinus hypersensitivity: why are the current criteria too sensitive?. Europace. 2011 Jan. 13(1):14-22. [Medline].
Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, et al. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices) developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 May 27. 51(21):e1-62. [Medline].
Kenny RA, Richardson DA, Steen N, et al. Carotid sinus syndrome: a modifiable risk factor for nonaccidental falls in older adults (SAFE PACE). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Nov 1. 38(5):1491-6. [Medline].
Ryan DJ, Nick S, Colette SM, Roseanne K. Carotid sinus syndrome, should we pace? A multicentre, randomised control trial (Safepace 2). Heart. 2010 Mar. 96(5):347-51. [Medline].
Brignole M, Menozzi C, Lolli G, et al. Long-term outcome of paced and nonpaced patients with severe carotid sinus syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1992 Apr 15. 69(12):1039-43. [Medline].
Moore A, Watts M, Sheehy T, et al. Treatment of vasodepressor carotid sinus syndrome with midodrine: a randomized, controlled pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Jan. 53(1):114-8. [Medline].
Moya A, Sutton R, Ammirati F, Blanc JJ, Brignole M, Dahm JB, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009). Eur Heart J. 2009 Nov. 30(21):2631-71. [Medline]. [Full Text].


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Top Definition
A tall privately-cultivated herb with various uses or the material produced from the harvest of the plant itself; marijuana (not to be confused with the phrase "herb and garlic").
"What did you cook it with?" "Oh, I added urban garlic for some flavor."
by isthismatt? August 05, 2004
Trending Now


text:
IT Services
**The Division of Information Technology is Now Hiring for Student Assistants. Apply Here
**During the weeks of 7/30/16 - 8/12/16, we will be open for reduced hours:
Monday - Thursday: 8:00 AM - 6:00 PM
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We provide a number of resources to help you utilize VSU's innovative technologies. To get started, select a category below or view our list of all guides.


text:
Elizabeth Rage takes you through the steps to create the Enchantress look f...
On this episode, Master Chalk Artist Chris Carlson takes on an epic Star Tr...
Get you geek on and come check out these hilarious clips!
My friend passed out on the grass at a party
Just having a little fun with the passed out drunk kid
i got antiqued after letting people pass out on my bad, lame.
This is what happens when you pass out with your shoes on at western
The morning after a night of being antiqued and repeatadly slapped for look...
my buddy passed out drunk in the middle of the day
Drunk kid passed out gets a face full of plaster (not flour)
Passed out kid gets a little flour and some saranwrap on himself...
my little bro antiqued!
dont ever pass out
Drunk Roomate Gets What He Deseveres for Grabing my GirlFriends Ass
One of our buddies fell asleep half drunk one night in front of the TV. We...
smothered at asu lacrosse rookie party
Drunk Guy Antiqued
Today We Ride! But First Brunch And Antiquing!