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We present the results of a study of flat and uniform organic electroluminescent (EL) layers produced using a simple premetered horizontal-dipping process. It is shown that this process can produce high quality organic semiconductor thin films by utilizing the downstream meniscus of the solution, which may be controlled by adjusting the gap height and the carrying speed. It is also shown that the organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) produced using this method exhibit a peak brightness in excess of 52,000 cd/m2 and a maximum efficiency of 24 cd/A, with a large active area. From these results, we show that this premetered process for solution coating offers considerable promise for the production of highly efficient, reliable, and large-area solution-processed OLEDs.
© 2009 Optical Society of America
1. Introduction
Recent research has focused on the development of organic materials and device structures for use in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), with the aim of realizing cost-efficient, lightweight, and large–area flat panel displays [1–6]. In order to achieve this aim, the scientific developments of greatest interest to researchers are the improved efficiency, stability, and simplicity of the device fabrication process. In respect of the efficiency of these devices, for example, their internal quantum efficiency has been improved significantly of late, and is currently typically near 100%, as a result of incorporating phosphorescent dopant into the electroluminescent (EL) layer. This innovation has resulted in strong spin-orbit coupling, which leads to a rapid intersystem crossing and a radiative transition from triplet states to a ground state, thus promoting enhanced EL emissions [3–6]. By making use of the electrophosphorescent Ir complex, it has been possible to create phosphorescent OLEDs (PHOLEDs) with an increased peak luminescence of up to ~ 50,000 cd/m2 [3–6]. In contrast, relatively little progress has been made to date in designing a reliable and simple fabrication process that ensures the formation of a flat and uniform EL layer over a large area, which is particularly important for achieving the highly efficient and reliable device performance that is required for OLEDs. During the fabrication of OLEDs, the organic layers used are typically prepared using physical vapor deposition or wet solution-coating processes [1–11]. To date, OLEDs manufactured using vapor-deposited organic multi-layers of small molecular materials have the best performance record. However, the vapor deposition process is quite complex and expensive. Solution-processed devices made of polymeric or small molecular materials are also of interest, because these techniques make possible a simple production technique that uses a non-vacuum process [7–11]. For solution-processed devices, spin-coating has until now been the most popular method of forming organic layers. This method is convenient, but has several disadvantages, such as the high stress caused by the spinning motion, the poor uniformity at the edges of large areas, and the large amounts of wasted solution [8–12]. These factors make spin-coating unsuitable for application to large active areas. An alternative method for depositing the solution is to use such techniques as screen printing [9, 10], ink-jet printing [11], or blade coating [12]. By using these techniques, organic or polymeric layers may be formed on substrates in a controlled fashion. However, despite the recent developments in such solution-processed devices, an alternative solution-coating process is nevertheless required, because of the continued difficulty of controlling the uniformity of the organic semiconducting layers resulting from the conventional coating methods that have so far been proposed. Hence, further research on solution deposition techniques is required in order to achieve simpler and more reliable fabrication of OLEDs.
We herein present a novel premetered solution process for the fabrication of OLEDs. The advantage of using premetered coating is that the coating thickness is predetermined, in contrast to more typical metered methods such as fixed-gap blade, knife, or wire-bar coatings. We recently described a solution-processed, highly efficient polymer solar cell that was fabricated using a premetered solution-process [13]. In the study described herein, we used this process to demonstrate the fabrication of efficient, high-performance solution-processed OLEDs.
2. Horizontal-dipping process
It is well-known that coating flows can be divided into two categories, metered or premetered, according to whether the thickness of the coated film is determined by the process or imposed externally. The thickness of the film coated by the metered process is independent of the capillary number, while that produced by premetered process usually increases with increasing capillary number (Ca=(μU/σ)), where μ and σ represent the viscosity and surface tension of the coating solution, respectively, and U is the carrying (coating) speed. Examples of premetered coating flow include meniscus and dip coatings. A photograph and schematic illustration of the premetered solution coating process under investigation are shown in Fig. 1(a) . This figure shows a cylindrical coating barrier hanging at a specific height (h0) above a rigid substrate laid on a carrying stage that transports the substrate in a horizontal direction. The coating process occurs in the following sequence. (1) The substrate is attached to the carrying stage, and the coating barrier is placed at the front edge of the substrate. A blended organic semiconducting molecular solution is then introduced into the empty space between the barrier and the substrate by capillary action, so that a uniform meniscus of the solution may be formed on the substrate by attraction to the barrier (i.e. by surface tension). (2) The substrate is then transported horizontally at constant velocity whilst maintaining the shape of the downstream meniscus. A thin solution layer of the downstream meniscus is then spread evenly on the substrate. While the substrate is being transported, the blended organic solution may be supplied into the gap space at an appropriate injection rate. (3) Having been spread on the substrate, the wet film is dried, and a heater may be used to assist the evaporation of the residual solvent in the wet film on the substrate. Following this process, it is possible to obtain a substrate coated with a solid organic film of uniform thickness. The transport of the substrate through the meniscus of the solution is similar to that which occurs in the typical dip-coating method [14, 15]. In that method, the substrate is immersed in the coating solution and a wet layer is then formed by withdrawing the substrate vertically through the meniscus of the coating solution. Our proposed coating method differs from the conventional dip-coating method, however, because the wet film is formed by withdrawing the substrate horizontally. As a result, we call the proposed process horizontal dipping (H-dipping) [13].
Fig. 1
Photoluminescence images obtained from spin- and H-dip-coated organic films on 2-inch glass substrates (ITO patterned) using a UV light source of 365 nm are shown in Fig. 1(b). It may be seen from the figure that the luminescent intensity and thickness of the spin-coated films vary near the edges of the substrates due to the Bernoulli effect [16]. In order to produce a fully smooth spin-coated film, the speed of rotation must be adjusted and the amount of spreading solution increased. On the other hand, it may be seen that the H-dip-coated film is very smooth and uniform. Variation in the thickness of the film was observed only at the very rear edge of the substrate. The surface morphology investigation using AFM showed clearly that the topography was fairly uniform, the root mean square roughness for the H-dip-coated film being only ca. 0.9 nm, which was comparable to that (ca. 1.0 nm) of the spin-coated films. Moreover, the surface roughness of the H-dip-coated films was identical at different positions. This uniformity was achieved because no external centrifugal force was applied during the formation of the film. Thus, compared to spin-coating, it is possible to achieve a uniformity in the film thickness of the EL layer in a reliable way when using H-dipping, even on a large-area substrate. This is a result of the control of the undesirable free-surface flow that occurs at the top organic solution-air interface, via the surface tension effect between the solution and the coating barrier.
The film thickness that results from the H-dipping process may be explained by the description of the associated drag-out problem suggested by Landau and Levich [15]. Based on their description, for a small capillary number (Ca << 1), a useful relationship may be obtained that relates the thickness of the film emerging from a coating bead to the radius of the associated meniscus and carrying speed, U [13, 15]:Fig. 1(a)].
It is worthy of note that the thickness of the H-dip-coated film is much less than the gap height. This is characteristic of the main way in which the premetered H-dipping process differs from the conventional metered doctor-blade (or wire-bar) coating [17]. In the conventional approach, the doctor-blade (or wire-bar) coating process produces a film thickness of the order of the gap size whose thickness is independent of the carrying speed of the substrate. In our proposed method, the premetered H-dipping process allows the critical control of the thickness and can produce superior quality and extremely thin films at line speeds of the order of a few meters per minute.
3. Experimental methods
In all the experiments, an ITO layer (80 nm, 30 ohm/square, RMS roughness ~ 1.98 nm, UID Co. Ltd.) on a glass substrate was used as the transparent anode. After routine cleaning of the substrate using ultraviolet-ozone treatment, a blended EL solution was used to coat the ITO layer, which was precoated with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) buffer layer. The PEDOT:PSS and the organic EL layers were successively deposited by H-dipping on an ITO-coated glass substrate. The PEDOT:PSS solution used was a mixture of 1 % PEDOT:PSS solution (CLEVIOS P VP AI 4083, H.C. Starck) and isopropyl alcohol with a weight ratio of 2:1. The viscosity of the mixed PEDOT:PSS solution, measured by viscometer (RVDVII + , Brookfield Inc.), was about 11.6 cp. For the blended EL solution, we used N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (Bu-PBD), tris(2- Phenylpyridinato) iridium (Ir(ppy)3), and poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) without further purification (2.5 wt%), in mixed solvents of 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroform (3:1) [18]. The viscosity of the EL solution was about ~1.0 cp at a temperature of 25°C. The apparatus used for H-dipping had a maximum work space of 8 × 10 cm2. A small volume of the solution (~ 6 μl) per unit coating area (1 × 1 cm2) was fed into the gap between the cylindrical barrier (SUS steel, R = 6.35 mm) and the glass substrate using a syringe pump (Pump Systems Inc. NE-1000). The height of the gap, h0 was adjusted vertically using two micrometer positioners, and the carrying speed U was controlled using a computer-controlled translation stage (SGSP26-200, Sigma Koki Co., Ltd). After a meniscus had formed on the solution, the substrate was transported horizontally, so that the barrier spread the solution on the transporting substrate. The transporting speed U was 1.5 cm/s. It took 2 seconds to prepare a complete film on a substrate with an area of 1.8 × 2.0 cm2. The H-dip-coated PEDOT:PSS layer and EL layer were then dried using a heating plate at 110°C for 60 minutes and at 60°C for 5 minutes, respectively, in order to remove the remaining solvents. For comparison, conventional devices were fabricated by spin coating the blend solutions. 1 nm CsF and 60 nm of Al were evaporated sequentially on the EL layer via thermal deposition (0.5 nm/s) at a base pressure below 2.7 × 10−4 Pa. The OLED fabricated in our study thus had a device configuration of Glass// ITO// PEDOT:PSS// EL layer// CsF// Al. The fabrication and characterization of the device were carried out at room temperature under ambient conditions, without encapsulation. In order to investigate the surface morphologies of the fabricated films, the variation in the surface roughness of the film was monitored using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM, Nanosurf easyscan2 FlexAFM, Nanosurf AG Switzerland Inc.). During the measurements, a contact mode was used with a cantilever (CONTR-10 point probe-silicon, Nanoworld, Inc.). A Chroma Meter CS-200 (Konica Minolta Sensing, INC.), a spectrometer (Ocean's Optics), and a source meter (Keithley 2400) were used to measure the EL characteristics.
4. Results and discussion
First, using the AFM, we investigated the dependence of the film thickness, h of the H-dip-coated EL layer on the transporting speed U and the gap height h0. The results obtained are shown in Fig. 2(a) . As shown in the figure, for a gap height, h0 of 0.8 mm, the thickness of the H-dip-coated EL layer increases continuously as the speed U increases in the observed region (red circles). Furthermore, when h0 was increased from 0.8 mm to 0.9 mm, the thickness of the H-dip-coated EL layer also increased with increasing speed U. These results may be explained by the description of the associated drag-out problem, using Eq. (1). The theoretical curves resulting from Eq. (1) are shown in the figure as solid lines. The observed data fitted the theoretical values predicted by Eq. (1) rather well, indicating that the thickness of the H-dip-coated EL film may be controlled by adjusting the gap height h0 and the carrying speed U. These results indicate that the H-dipping process may be used to produce an EL layer at least as well as spin-coating can. It is further evident that the thickness of the H-dip-coated EL layer follows nearly the same trends as those shown in previous results using the H-dip-coated PV and PEDOT:PSS layers [13]. For comparison, the experimental results and theoretical curves for the PEDOT:PSS layer are also shown in Fig. 2(b).
Fig. 2
We then investigated the EL characteristics of the OLED produced by the H-dipping process. Using the results described above, we prepared H-dipped OLEDs with a device configuration of Glass// ITO// PEDOT:PSS// EL layer// CsF// Al. Both the PEDOT:PSS and the organic EL layers were coated using the H-dipping process on an ITO-coated glass substrate. The thicknesses of the PEDOT:PSS and the EL layers were adjusted to about 40 nm and 80 nm, respectively. Figure 3(a) shows the observed current density-luminance-voltage (J-L-V) characteristics of the fabricated OLED. The slope of the J–V curve between 0 and 18 V shows the excellent diode behavior of the fabricated OLED and thus indicates good coverage of the H-dip-coated PEDOT:PSS buffer layer and the EL layer. It is clear from the J-L-V curves that both the charge injection and turn-on voltages are below 3.7 V, with sharp increases in the J-L-V curves occurring at higher applied voltages. An operating voltage of about 4.5 V yields a brightness of 100 cd/m2, 6.2 V yields 1,000 cd/m2, and 9.4 V yields 10,000 cd/m2. The luminescence reached ca. 52,300 cd/m2 (at 16.5 V), which is higher than those (ca. 10,000 cd/m2 at 11.0 V) of the control device made by spin-coating. It is worthy of note that the maximum brightness of over 52,000 cd/m2 is among the highest values reported to date for OLEDs manufactured using a solution process. In order to confirm the high performance of the sample devices, we also calculated the efficiency of the devices studied, as shown in Fig. 3(b). For the H-dip-coated OLED, a current efficiency ηc of 9.4 cd/A was obtained at 1,000 cd/m2, reaching ηc = 23.7 cd/A at 6,000 cd/m2. We also calculated the power efficiency ηp of the H-dip-coated device, which reached a maximum of 9 lm/W. For the spin-coated device, ηp reached a maximum of only 6 lm/W. These results clearly indicated that the EL layer manufactured by H-dip-coating possesses bright and efficient EL characteristics due to the formation of a uniform layer. The observed results from the devices are summarized in Table 1 .
Fig. 3
Next, in order to check the processing ability of large-area OLEDs, we also fabricated a 2" × 2" OLED device using the H-dipping process on an ITO-coated glass substrate. A photographic image of the fabricated device is shown in Fig. 4 . A PEDOT:PSS layer and an EL layer were deposited on a strip-patterned 2" × 2" ITO-coated glass substrate by H-dipping, in order to fabricate a passive-matrix display device. The pixel array was 7 × 7 and the pixel size was 5 × 5 mm2. It may be seen from the figure that the fabricated OLEDs were fairly luminous. The EL spectra were collected from each of the 49 individual pixels on the substrate, and were almost identical for each pixel (not shown), the emission peak wavelength being about 510 nm with a full width at half maximum of about 60 nm. The variation of the emitting intensity at different pixels was less than 10%. This result implies that the variation in the thickness of the organic thin film was small, because the EL intensity from an OLED is quite sensitive to the layer thickness. The low variation of EL intensity is quite acceptable for large-scale fabrication. These results confirm that the H-dipping method shows considerable promise for use in simple fabrication techniques that may easily be scaled up to a larger size at a lower cost than other processes. It should be noted that we were not able to form a homogeneous and uniformly thin EL layer by spin-coating for EL solutions on a 2" × 2" substrate. This result also implies that the H-dipping process is also suitable for fabricating large and homogeneous organic semiconducting films. It is worth noting that the performance of OLEDs may be further enhanced by, for example, the selection of more suitable materials, solvents, solution concentrations and viscosities, and by optimizing the gap height between the barrier and the substrate.
Fig. 4
From the results reported above, it is clear that the H-dipping process for solution coating shows considerable promise for the fabrication of bright and large-area OLEDs. Furthermore, the H-dipping process used in this study can be also applied to the design of new electric organic devices, such as organic transistors, special organic lighting devices, memory devices, and sensors.
5. Conclusions
In summary, we investigated a simple premetered H-dipping process as a promising organic thin-film coating process for the manufacture of cost-efficient and large-area OLEDs. Organic semiconducting thin films were fabricated successfully on a 2" × 2" substrate with a high uniformity using H-dipping in a solution whose meniscus was controlled by adjusting the gap height and coating speed. It was also shown that bright and efficient OLEDs were produced that perform comparably to OLEDs made using the spin-coating process. Our experimental results indicate that the H-dipping method shows great potential for applications involving large-area OLEDs. This novel process for depositing the solution on the substrate can be expanded to slot-die and slit-die coatings, and will provide a solid foundation for extending the fabrication of large-area organic devices to include various advanced OLEDs. Combining the H-dipping method reported here with luminous organic materials reported elsewhere will surely lead to the development of highly luminous large-area OLEDs, which will render the use of such devices possible for many applications, such as lighting, displays, and/or optoelectronic devices.
This work was supported by a Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2009-0077378). This work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Project 2009.
References and links
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No rest for weary as FedEx Cup playoffs loom
If you feel the need to take a breath from the whirlwind of golf activity of the past several weeks, think how the players must be dealing with it.
After two major championships were contested within three weeks with a World Golf Championship thrown in between, there is hardly any time for rest. For those not competing in this week's Wyndham Championship, it is but a short respite, as the FedEx Cup playoffs are set to commence next week in New Jersey.
The lucrative four-tournament series of events is played over five weeks. Then, after another week off, the top American and international players convene for the Presidents Cup.
It's nothing new, but it isn't any less daunting.
"I knew this stretch was coming at the beginning of the year," said Brandt Snedeker, who won't see his Nashville home for weeks.
"I took a lot of time off in the middle of the summer, so now Im kind of in my big part of my schedule, important part of my schedule, and I feel like Im rested, ready to go. Golf game feels as good as its felt in a long time, and Im excited to keep playing.
"I did the exact same schedule last year, and it worked out pretty well. So hopefully I can do it again this year."
Snedeker is high-energy, and he did win last year's FedEx Cup and the $10 million bonus.
Although nobody is going to feel sorry for golfers -- they're playing golf, after all -- the schedule is daunting, especially when you consider travel, practice time, and the usual aches and pains golfers endure.
For Snedeker, he took two weeks off before the Open Championship. He tied for 11th in Scotland, then went straight to Toronto for the RBC Canadian Open, where he won. Then it was on to Akron for the WGC-Bridgestone, and a tie for 33rd there was followed by a tie for 66th at the PGA Championship.
It should be noted that Snedeker has an endorsement deal with RBC, hence his trip to Canada. And he's involved with Wyndham, which is why he is playing this week in Greensboro, N.C. Still, that's five straight weeks heading into the FedEx Cup.
When the FedEx Cup was devised and put into play in 2007, some of the thinking behind the plan was to keep the PGA Tour from going head-to-head with football, especially the NFL.
But it does so anyway. Two of the FedEx Cup events are played on NFL weekends. And the new 2013-14 season, which begins at the Frys.com Open just three weeks after the Tour Championship, also will be going head-to-head with football.
So why not spread things out a bit, move the schedule back two weeks, just to give a bit of a break between major championships and the FedEx Cup? This was the third straight year that the PGA followed the Open by just three weeks (it'll be worse in 2016 when the schedule gets crammed thanks to the Olympics). And it seems rushed.
There needs to be more time to build up to a major, and even one extra week would be beneficial. Then wait two weeks between the PGA and the start of the FedEx Cup playoffs, meaning they end in early October. True, this would be tough in Ryder Cup years, but, if the PGA Tour is going to go up against football anyway, why not give the schedule a little air?
Fans' chants getting out of hand
Jim Furyk stared one of them down in the final round of the PGA Championship, and Ian Poulter took to Twitter to bash the incessant "fans" who seem intent on yelling something stupid whenever a golfer gets a ball airborne.
Could this be the first steps in the various golf organizers doing something to get rid of the behavior?
What started out years ago with chants of "You the man" when a player struck a ball to "Get in the hole" has now devolved into the absurd, with all manner of ridiculous chants and sayings coming from a handful of spectators whose mission is to annoy.
The fact that it is getting on golfers' nerves - or at least causing them to speak out - means that maybe the powers that be will do something about it.
"I'm calling for @PGATOUR to step in and stop this shouting out right after shots," Poulter wrote on Twitter. "Message in to @PGATOUR with your thoughts. Tazer [sic] them?"
The Englishman's solution won't work, and finding the offenders isn't easy. But an attempt should be made to weed them out through a public service campaign at golf tournaments with a threat of removal for anyone caught.
Certainly, cheering is an important part of any fan experience, but the loud comments upon impact haven gotten out of control, to the point that it's embarrassing and sounds even more ridiculous on TV. As Poulter pointed out, such craziness is not tolerated at the Masters, so if Augusta National can do it, why not everyone else? It's worth the effort to eliminate the practice.
"It isn't an easy thing to handle," Ty Votaw, PGA Tour executive vice president, acknowledged in an email. "We discuss it periodically and we will probably discuss it again."
Here's hoping the PGA Tour does so soon -- and comes up with some solutions.
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1. Jason Dufner. That's some impressive redemption for his PGA playoff loss two years ago. Dufner now has a Wanamaker Trophy of his own.
2. Jim Furyk. He didn't get it done in the end, but Furyk was beaten this time, and it was good to see the veteran with some life in his game again after an otherwise trying year.
3. Keegan Bradley. It was a nice gesture on Bradley's part to return to Oak Hill and congratulate Jason Dufner on his PGA Championship win Sunday.
1. Tiger Woods. Another major passed without a victory, but what made it worse was that Woods was not even a factor, finishing tied for 40th a week after such an impressive performance at the Bridgestone Invitational.
2. Phil Mickelson. Perhaps it's the Claret Jug hangover, as Lefty has looked a bit out of sorts after winning the Open Championship. He teed off in the second group Sunday at Oak Hill.
3. Luke Donald. For the first time in his career, the Englishman has missed consecutive cuts in major championships -- failing to advance to the weekend at the Open Championship and the PGA Championship.
Presidents Cup watch
There has not been much buzz about the Presidents Cup, likely thanks to the facts that the biggest American names are safely on the team and that the biennial competition has not been much of a fight of late.
Even Australia's Adam Scott said last week at the PGA Championship that the event would "lose credibility" with him if the International side does not start to win.
Unlike the Ryder Cup, in which the Americans have been on the losing end often of late - winning just two of the past nine competitions - they've been dominant against the International side, losing only in 1998 and playing to a tie in 2003. There have been four straight victories since the tie in South Africa, the past two by a solid margin.
This year's Presidents Cup is Oct. 3-6 at Muirfield Village Golf Club in Ohio, site of the annual Memorial Tournament.
Only three tournaments remain for qualifying purposes, through the Deutsche Bank Championship.
Tiger Woods, Brandt Snedeker, Phil Mickelson, Matt Kuchar, Keegan Bradley and Jason Dufner hold down the top six spots. Bill Haas, Hunter Mahan, Steve Stricker and Zach Johnson hold down the remaining automatic spots, with Fred Couples to make two captain's picks. Dustin Johnson, Webb Simpson, Jim Furyk and Bubba Watson are the next four in points.
On the International side, Scott, Charl Schwartzel, Ernie Els, Louis Oosthuizen, Jason Day, Hideki Matsuyama and Branden Grace head the standings, although Oosthuizen is expected to miss on account of injury. Richard Sterne, Angel Cabrera and Tim Clark round out the top 10.
According to several reports, the PGA of America is trying to finalize Bethpage Black as the venue for the 2019 PGA Championship and the 2024 Ryder Cup. Bethpage hosted the 2002 and 2009 U.S. Opens. ... Only the major championships counted toward the 2014 U.S. Ryder Cup points standings, and Phil Mickelson leads the way. All PGA Tour events will count once the next schedule begins in October. Jason Dufner is second, followed by Jim Furyk and Tiger Woods. ... Dufner became the sixth player to shoot 63 and go on to win a major championship, following Johnny Miller, Jack Nicklaus, Raymond Floyd, Greg Norman and Tiger Woods. Dufner shot 63 in the second round at Oak Hill, matching the lowest score ever shot in a major, now accomplished 26 times. ... Dufner's win gets him in the PGA for life, as well as the Masters, U.S. Open and Open Championship for the next five years. He's also expected to play in the Grand Slam of Golf in October along with the other major winners. ... Dufner is the 15th first-time major winner among the past 19. ... Hard as it might be to believe, this week's Wyndham Championship is the last regular-season PGA Tour event of the 2013 season. Players in the top 125 (money list or FedEx Cup) will move on to the playoffs; those who fall short through No. 200 join the top 50 on the Web.com Tour for a four-tournament series to determine 2013-14 PGA Tour cards.
"My name will always be on this trophy, and nobody can take that away from me, so it's a great accomplishment for me and I'm really excited about it." - Jason Dufner, pointing toward the Wanamaker Trophy, after winning the PGA Championship.

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The College of Public and Community Service (CPCS) provides opportunities for academic studies and professional development in the community development, human services and evaluation research fields. Opportunities include careers as community developers and human services providers.
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Bright Lights, Big City
|Complete all City Takeover gameplay in the entire city of Steelport.
In order to take over the entire city of Steelport, you must:
|Rate this achievement
|Average Rating (Based on 3 votes)
|Comment #1 by JokerWalkthroughs
Wednesday, September 28, 2011 @ 07:45:10 AM
no multiplayer achievements ?? thank you
now im definitely will try to 100% it :) !!!
|Comment #2 by TransonicPower
Wednesday, September 28, 2011 @ 08:52:33 AM
lol at Cee Lo Green song reference XD
|Comment #3 by Aiden 514
Wednesday, September 28, 2011 @ 02:47:31 PM
#2 I was thinking that
|Comment #4 by shano2234
Monday, October 17, 2011 @ 09:15:07 PM
wonder how many sections the map is split up into. maybe similar to sr 2 but definitely bigger
|Comment #5 by AkuMifune
Friday, October 28, 2011 @ 12:50:54 PM
#2 & #3. Yeah, because it wasn't a movie, book or common phrase before then.
|Comment #6 by Dite
Wednesday, November 16, 2011 @ 02:04:38 AM
#5: But, it's a very recent and popular one. I kind of understand people wanting other media and older versions of stuff to be noticed (like people talking about the free falling reference), but you also have to realize that you'll probably see MORE newer things in media now than the older things. The older things are still shown, but newer things get more attention. So, if Cee-Lo's song is the first thing people think of, you can't get mad. It's fresh in the mind because it's more recent.
I don't mind people saying "Oh! It reminded me of [older thing here]," but I hate it when people are annoyed and sarcastic because the other people remember something they heard yesterday rather than something 2 months ago, or even years ago.
But, I was actually swaying to the song in my head af
|Comment #7 by Dite
Wednesday, November 16, 2011 @ 04:32:50 AM
*after reading the achievement title
|Comment #8 by SilverPaw
Tuesday, November 22, 2011 @ 12:10:15 PM
Sad thing is i cant get this acievement because parts of the city is either glitched/bugged/or just wont let you do the stuff you need to do
|Comment #9 by oI Pauly Io
Wednesday, November 23, 2011 @ 07:54:48 PM
In case people are having problems with this, thought it might be worth me mentioning there is a gang operation on the centre island that is on top of one of the buildings.
This caught me out at first and it might save someone a bit of time.
|Comment #10 by PuRE M0NSTeR z
Friday, December 02, 2011 @ 07:35:23 PM
My advice to you is to just buy all the property and do all of the activities available, then whatever areas are not purple on the map you know theres a gang operation there . Then Boom There goes the aachievement.
|Comment #11 by Degsey
Friday, December 09, 2011 @ 02:11:12 AM
Okay beat the game today all achievements but the island take overs i have the top left but the other refuse to give me the achievement. I have done everything even the challenges, gang take overs and yeah everything i haven't used cheats it was all done legit, so im guessing it's just buggy and would love if anyone could tell me if they will patch this so they will pop up one day or do i have to start the whole game again just for 4 achievements?
|Comment #12 by TLG160
Wednesday, December 21, 2011 @ 08:59:29 AM
does city takeover mean completeing all activities, and gang operations in a certain area. Or do u also have to buy all cribs and shops??
|Comment #13 by Kennsmith
Saturday, December 24, 2011 @ 10:43:43 AM
i think you probably have to get 100% control in the areas as well. still workin on it, i transferred the memory from my old hard drive to my new one and overwrote all my saints row stuff so im back from scratch :/
|Comment #14 by HVAC Techie
Thursday, December 29, 2011 @ 06:47:48 AM
I personally think they should have just added the Collectibles to count in here, as well as the Stunt Jumps and the Barnstorming. Stunt Jumps and Barnstorming don't serve much else other than a small bit of cash and respect, both of which can be gained much faster and easier than doing them. Collectibles should be part of it as well.
|Comment #15 by vDyNaMiCxMaTT
Saturday, January 07, 2012 @ 10:30:47 AM
Ive done everything and have 100% on the game, but i dont have the achievements for each individual activity, even though ive done every instance of each activity, why not?
|Comment #16 by Blue Thunder28
Monday, January 09, 2012 @ 01:22:16 AM
Several of my gang activities are glitched. Have to start all over I have everything and there's nothing new on my map. Fantastic.
|Comment #17 by kevin1379
Sunday, January 29, 2012 @ 12:14:20 PM
tbh i didn't really enjoy playing this game. Maybe it's because i got Skyrim a couple of days before and never really gave this game a fair chance to impress me.
|Comment #18 by JNR Shooter
Wednesday, February 01, 2012 @ 01:05:56 PM
i only need to do 3 activities 2 insurance fraud on hard and 1 trial blazing on hard but i cant't complete them :(
|Comment #19 by Dannylew
Sunday, February 12, 2012 @ 09:12:08 AM
i liked that there wasn't multiplayer in this game, i felt it ruined sr2 by having too many multiplayer achievements
|Comment #20 by TectonicYapper
Sunday, February 12, 2012 @ 08:23:52 PM
this was a lot easier than it sounded
|Comment #21 by HAHAROFLMAO
Wednesday, April 04, 2012 @ 04:23:25 PM
Only had trouble with two activities,helicopter and escort they were the worst but specifically the escort mission by the air port and the helli in slander.
|Comment #22 by DELTA N1N3
Monday, April 09, 2012 @ 03:32:37 PM
can you just buy the upgrade that insta-completes all city takeover activities to unlock this?
|Comment #23 by Hawzie24
Thursday, April 12, 2012 @ 02:05:13 PM
#22, you can, but you only get so many insta-completes.
|Comment #24 by SSJORF
Friday, June 29, 2012 @ 06:09:40 PM
I just did this while completely ignoring how much effort it took. I ignored it because my friend and I were having a gamerscore battle in this game. (I'm winning, 1150G to 1100G =D)
|Comment #25 by Snooch2theBooch
Sunday, July 15, 2012 @ 08:15:44 PM
#5 I was actually thinking of Rocket by Def Leppard
|Comment #26 by XxVigilantBoyxX
Sunday, September 16, 2012 @ 06:28:27 PM
Took me a while...NOTICE: If you see any "blank" spots on the map after finding ALL the gang operations, and you still have some activities, make sure you do those activities, and you may unlock some of the same instances of said-activity!! This was a VERY frustrating achievement to get, but near the end, I was getting 2-3 achievements for every time I controlled a "Whole City" because I did my activities last! :)) THANK GOODNESS IT'S FINALLY OVER! And good luck to all of you as well, hope my advice helped a bit! (P.s. I'm still going for co-op achievements on SR2 if anyone is interested, Message me on Xbox. GT: Vigilantl3oi )
I'm on SR3 or some other game...All...the....time...!
|Comment #27 by Darrel
Tuesday, December 11, 2012 @ 08:44:32 PM
just buy stuff as you go along then pull out a vtol and go do all the gang operations took me an hour to do everything tops.
|Comment #28 by elquietone
Sunday, December 30, 2012 @ 02:07:57 PM
Anyone know if co-op breaks the gang hideouts achievements? as well as this one... Because there are times, we end up splitting up and he will run into a gang activity and kill all the gangs members before I can arrive.. So I don't get the msg saying Gang Activity complete, but it does go up +1 in the map screen, when I check to see how many are left.
It makes me wonder if I really got credit for it though as I didn't see the typical on screen msg, saying the said area was complete.
|Comment #29 by Goatlips
Thursday, September 25, 2014 @ 12:18:27 PM
Can be a problem finding undiscovered Gang Operations if you cleared all the ones found but others are still missing.
Use a numbered Gang Op location map from Google Images and take note which you've done whilst playing through. If not, you'll have to fly to each location - handy if you have the little flying hoverbike thing - great for hidden items too as you don't need to get off it to collect them.
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Uri Friedman
Revolving Door
Who's coming and who's going. Tell us about your job move! Receive the Revolving Door Newsletter with expert analysis by email twice a week.
October 15, 2013: Uri Friedman has been named global editor at TheAtlantic.com. He had been deputy managing editor at Foreign Policy. (FishbowlNY)


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The waterfall Háifoss (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhaːu.ɪˌfɔsː]) is situated near the volcano Hekla in the south of Iceland. The river Fossá, a tributary of Þjórsá, drops here from a height of 122 m. This is the second highest waterfall of the island.
From the historical farm Þjóðveldisbærinn Stöng, which was destroyed by a volcanic eruption of Hekla in the Middle Ages and reconstructed, it is possible to hike to the waterfall along the Fossá (5 to 6 hours both directions). Above the waterfall, there is also a parking lot, so the hiking can also be made in the other direction.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 64°12′28″N 19°41′09″W / 64.20778°N 19.68583°W


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BBB Accredited Business since
JSB Surveillance, LLC
Phone: (952) 545-0115 Fax: (866) 681-8195 235 Kentucky Ave S, Golden Valley, MN 55426 http://www.jsbsurveillance.com
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RT TWIN FALLS(TWF) to DALLAS(DFW)
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$284 Flight from Twin Falls to Dallas (TWF-DFW),
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text:
I will probably order 3 then thanks. Its crazy how expensive down is! I checked the local good will but everything is a mix of down and feathers
Type: Posts; User: ktw23
I will probably order 3 then thanks. Its crazy how expensive down is! I checked the local good will but everything is a mix of down and feathers
Not sure if this has been covered but how do you know how much down you need? I am going to make a 10x15 pillow and not sure how much I will need. Looking at the 850+ fill down from...
Thanks! A little too far for me. Hopefully something in central or south jersey will pop up
Not trying to jack your thread but can I get details on this group hang in NJ? Kinda in the same boat as the OP.
Do you have any specs on the size and how much darting you did? Building mine next weekend
Was happy to see a package on my doorstep today from Thru-Hiker. 2 yards of Apex 5.0 soon to become my UQ. I also wanted to note the little surprise I found, a blue micro biner. Note many company's...
Does anyone have a good right up on the suspension part of the UQ?
Where did you get the jarbridge design?
Thanks. That was with no TQ? And ill be going there tonight to buy some thread and a needle. My apex should be here monday and HyperD ripstop that same week.
I know this is an old thread but was wondering what kind of results you had while testing this. Also I need some suggestions on thread and needle.
Going to order another yard and some of there 2nds to practice. Is there a specific needle and thread I should use?
I forgot to add, some people said that this is hard to sew, how hard? This is my first sewing project so would it be to hard? My girlfriend will be helping and she has done some sewing before
Any updates on the UQ? Buying some 1.0 HyperD for a Apex 5.0 UQ and wanted to know how yours came out. Also does anyone have pictures of the 1.0 in gray?
Just gotta buy them and ill try it out. Thanks!
Will the carabiners from warbonnet be strong enough or should I buy something else?
So I looked around and couldn't find an exact answer so I figured I would just ask. I was going to install eye bolts into the 6x6's I have in my backyard and was wondering the best way to suspend my...
Welcome from NJ
Thanks! I will check that out
I have used ktw23 for a while now but it started with online gaming about 8 years ago. It means kill to win and 23 is my favorite number. Stupid but I have had it for a long time and dont want to...
Yeah for free its not bad. Instead of bending it I might make some removable extensions out of piping. Thoughts?
Thanks for the tips!
So this might be a stupid question but my neighbor has one these stands for an old hammock he doesn't use...
That's most likely the tarp that shipped in 24
Order was placed on August 6th for the 1.7 dl and shipped today! Can't wait
Just bought 4 6x6's to take on something like your project this weekend. I'd rather have it very strong then something break and land on my head. Good luck with your posts!
In the same boat
I'm on 19 consecutive days. But I don't regret the wait because I am learning so much more during this time.
I don't know how I didn't see this! Thanks
Did a little searching and found it can't be done with the warbonnet blackbird. Going to try to rig something for now
Thanks! I will have to take a look
I was looking to do a mixture of both car camping and backpacking depending on where I am going. Weight isn't a big issue but something I will keep in mind. I am going to try my hand at making a UQ...
Looks like I need to just bite the bullet and make an UQ. Thanks for your help
I should of been more clear. I meant using it as a weather shield (adding channels and shock cord to the sides and wrapping it up under the hammock like an under quilt). It would be meant to block...
Not sure if this has been covered before but what are your thoughts on taking a UST tarp (tube, hex, etc.. ) and modifying it to be used as a weather shield. I figured the reflective material would...
So I watched shugs video on tarps when he talked about getting the single line tarp ridgeline for whoopieslings.com and I noticed that the line they sell has been updated since the video came out...
I am just impatient lol
**** that's a long time
Thank you!
Haven't watched them yet. Where is that thread?
Just ordered one also! The wait is a killing me too
Any other mods?
Ordered mine on the 6th. Just hit 2 weeks today.. Hoping it ships soon! I start the police academy in 13 days and won't have a life for 9 months so I want to get some hang time in before it starts.
Thank you! Just gotta place an order and get to work
Thanks! Just gotta get my girlfriend to sew now lol
Thanks for all your help so far! Ill see if I can make it out
Just going to try a few please I use to bring my Jeep.
I know this is an old thread but I'm just trying to understand more before diving in. For the channels you just folded a 3.5 inch strip in half to make 1.75 inch channel then put the folded edge...
First let me say good job. I read through the thread and decided I need to make one myself. Can you go into a little more detail on the channels and shock cord? Trying to figure out how it all ties...
There are a few spots out in bayville and Lacey I'm going to try out when I get my hammock
I live just south of toms river. I'd come if I didn't work so much!


text:
Walis Day - Celebrities arriving back at their hotel after attending the British Soap Awards 2013 at Media City Manchester - Manchester, United Kingdom - Saturday 18th May 2013 (2 Pictures)
Walis Day
Photo credit: Steve Searle
Walis Day
Photo credit: Steve Searle
View All: Celebrities arriving back at their hotel
The 1969 session, including the only known recording of 'Sunshine Woman' by the band, will be included on a re-issue of 'The Complete BBC Sessions'...
The 55 year old actor joined Chris Martin and co. on stage in New Jersey to perform 'Earth Angel' and 'Johnny B. Goode'.
Bjork Digital comes to London's Somerset House in September, along with a single live show at the Royal Albert Hall.
Kim Kardashian released an audio excerpt from a phone call between Kanye and Taylor Swift over the lyrics of 'Famous' - but if it was recorded...
There's very much a strength of conviction in remaining what you were, but arguably more so in becoming what you want to be.
The BBC drama starring Aidan Turner returns to BBC One on September 4th.
Guns N' Roses were detained at the Canadian border last week for gun possession but they're adamant the weapon didn't belong to them.


text:
Click here to print the obituary below
Funeral service for Doris E. Sanders, 85, who died Sunday, November 11, 2012 will be 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 16, 2012 at Settle Wilder's New Smyrna Beach Chapel, with The Reverend Emerson Bolton, Edgewater First Baptist Church, officiating. Burial will follow at Edgewater-New Smyrna Cemetery, Edgewater. Friends may call at the funeral home from 6:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m. Thursday, November 15, 2012. Doris moved to New Smyrna in 1948 from Georgia, and retired from the Volusia County Food Service Association. She took great pride in having fed almost every child in New Smyrna at one time or another. She attended Edgewater First Baptist Church, and enjoyed membership in the Council on Aging and P.O.R.T. (Port Orange Retired Travelers.) She is survived by a son, Joel D. (Cheryl) Sanders, Edgewater; daughter, Linda (William, Sr.) Alexander, Holly Hill; five grandchildren, Justice Sanders, John Spencer Sanders II, William (Lovisa) Alexander, Jr., Stacy Alexander and Jarrod Alexander; three great-grandchildren; sister-in-law, Hermie Buckholtz; and three nephews. Doris was preceded in death by her husband John Spencer Sanders, Sr. and a son, John (Johnny) Spencer Sanders, Jr. The family wishes to express thanks to The Reverend Emerson Bolton, Hospice of Volusia/Flagler, and their friends for their support during this difficult time. Donations in Doris' memory may be made to Halifax Health Hospice of Volusia /Flagler, 3800 Woodbriar Trail, Port Orange, Florida 32129. Condolences may be made online at
Published in Daytona Beach News-Journal on Nov. 13, 2012


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Aug 7, 1951
|Filing date
|Jan 5, 1950
|Priority date
|Jan 5, 1950
|Publication number
|Bohmer Clarence L, Eugene Barker, Yantes William H
|Original Assignee
|Jaeger Machine Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (9), Classifications (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
g- 7, 5 w H YANTES ETAL' 2,563,770
CHARGING AM DISCHARGING MEANS FOR END-LOADING TRANSIT MIXERS' Filed Jan. 5, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet l Figi l l lllmlw ss BY Clarence I. Bohmer.
Eu ne Bqrkzr? A TTOR/VEK g- 1951 w H YANTES ET AL 2,563,770
CHARGING ANI J DISCHARGING MEANS FOR END-LOADING TRANSIT MIXERS Filed Jan. 5, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS W||||am H.Yan1'es. BY Clarence LBohmer.
ugene Barkgr: M l WW FWLJFU rap/v5):
g- 1951 w. H. YANTES ET AL 2,563,770
CHARGING AND DISCHARGING MEANS FOR END-LOADING TRANSIT MIXERS Filed Jan. 5, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 JNVENTORSY Wilhom H. Yanfzs. BY Clarence LBohmer.
Eugzne Bar-ken W rm-mb Patented Aug. 7, 1951 CHARGING AND DISCHARGING MEANS FOR END-LOADING TRANSIT MIXERS William H. Yantes, Clarence I. Bohmer, and Eugene Barker, Columbus, Ohio, assignors to The Jaeger Machine Company, Columbus, Ohio, a
corporation of Ohio Application January 5, 1950, Serial No. 136,858
17 Claims. i (01. 259161) Our invention relates to charging and discharging means for an end-loading transit mixer. It has to do, more particularly, with a charging and discharging device which is mounted at the open upper end of the inclined drum of a transit mixer of the high-dump type.
Many arrangements of charging and discharging devices for transit mixers of the high-dump type have been provided in the prior art. One type of device comprises a loading hopper mounted for movement between a charging position, where it is associated with the end opening, and a discharging position, where it is spaced from the opening. In this type of device, an annulus or door has been provided between the inner or lower open end of the hopper and the drum opening. This annulus is connected to the lower end of the hopper by sealing means, which permits relative rotation, so that pressure can be applied to the hopper to move it into charging position where the annulus will seat around the drum opening and will be pressed so firmly thereagainst that it will rotate with the drum. The hopper is usually carried or guided by a centrally disposed shaft which extends through the drum opening, the annulus, and the hopper, and this interferes with proper feeding ,of material through the hopper and annulus and through the opening. Usually the closing force for the door orannulus is applied at angularly spaced points at its circumferential edge, requiring complicated actuating means and not always applying even pressure around the door and permitting it to seat properly. Another difiiculty with prior art devices of this general type, is the provision of an effective seal between the outer or upper end of the relatively rotatable annulus and the inner or lower end of the hopper. This is especially difiicult, due to the fact that the pressure required for seating the lower or inner end of the door or annulus around the drum opening is usually applied through the seal between the hopper and the annulus. If the seal is the usual compressible gasket type between two relatively rotatable surfaces, the abrasive fine material, of the material to be mixed and the mixed material, will work between such surfaces and in a very short period destroy the seal.
One of the objects of our invention is to provide a charging and discharging device mounted at the drum opening of a high-dump mixer, the device including a hopper mounted for movement between charging and discharging positions relative to the drum opening, an annulus or door being provided between the inner open end of the hopper and the drum opening, novel means being associated with the hopper for easily and quickly moving it between charging and discharging positions relative to the drum opening.
Another object of our invention is "to provide means for mounting the hopper and associated annulus or door for movement between charging and discharging positions which is of such structure that the mixer drum opening, the annulus, and the hopper will be completely unobstructed so as to facilitate movement of material therethrough.
Another object of our invention is to provide a device of the type indicated wherein the means for moving the hopper between its charging and discharging positions is so designed that a minimum amount of eifort will be required by the operator of the mixer to move it between its two positions.
Still another object of our invention is to provide means in association with the moving means for ensuring that resilient pressure Will be applied on the annulus through the hopper, when the annulus is seated around the drum opening, to ensure that an effective resilient seal will be provided at this point.
Another object of our invention is to provide a device of the type indicated wherein the means for moving the hopper and the door between charging and discharging positions applies its pressure at a single point substantially at the center of the hopper to ensure that uniform pressure is supplied at all points around the annular door which also is inherently resilient, thereby ensuring proper seating of the door around the opening.
A further object of'our invention is to provide novel sealing means between the relatively rotatable annulus and hopper which is so designed that there will be little danger of abrasive materials working between the relatively rotatable sealing surfaces and which is so designed that even though the thrust force, for seating the annulus or door around the drum opening, is applied through the sealing means, there will be no compression on the flexible sealing member associated with the sealing means which will eliminate the necessity of frequent removal and replacement of such flexible member.
Various other objects will be apparent.
According to our invention, the hopper is pivoted to an extension of the'mixer frame adjacent the drum opening for swinging movement in a vertica1 plane. The hopper carries the annulus or door on its lower open end and is swingable from a charging position, where the inner or lower edge of the annulus is seated around the drum opening, to a discharging position, where the said edge of the annulus is spaced from the opening. No central support or guide is necessary for the hopper and, consequently, the hopper, door and drum opening are unobstructed. The annulus is rotatably mounted on the hopper e 3 by means of a novel sealing joint provided between the. upper or outer edge. of the annulus and the lower or inner edge of the hopper. For swinging the hopper between its two positions, an actuating unit is connected to an extension of the -mixer frame and to the rear side of the hopper for supplying actuating pressure to the hopper substantially at its center. This unit. can be 'con-. trolled to quickly move the hopp r and. the annulus carried thereby between its two. positions. When the annulus is moved into sealing position around the drum opening, the actuating unit ap plies thrusting pressure through, the hopper and onto the annulus to properly seat it; Obviously, this pressure or thrust is also applied through the sealing joint between the. hopper and the annulus butthis joint iS.S,o, designedthat this pressure will not produce excessive. wear onv the sealing joint and will not interfere with relative. rotation of the. annulus and the hopper. The actuating unit has resilient means. associated therewith which will ensurethat. resilient pressure will always be.- applied on the. annulus when it is seated around the opening. Therefore, although an actuating unit is provided for positively moving. the hopper and annulus into charging position, the unit will yield as the annulus is-forcedon its. seat and this, will compensate for any build-up. of material on such seat.
The preferred embodiment, of our invention'is, illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein. similar characters of. reference designate corresponding parts and wherein Figure l is a side'elevational, view illustrating our device appliedv to a transit mixer of the high.- dump type.
Figure 2 is an enlarged view showing. how the device is supported at the end of. the mixer and showing it in discharging position.
Figure 3 is,'a. detail, partly in elevation, and. partly in longitudinal section, illustrating a hy-- 4' elevation and partly in section of the mechanical actuating unit of our device.
Figure 14 is a sectional view taken. substantially along line l4'|4 of Figure 15 through the handwheel control mechanism for the actuating unit of Figure 13.
Figure. 15,. is. a sectional view taken substantially along the line l5-I5 of Figure 14.
With reference to the drawings, in Figures l, 2 and 4 we have illustrated the general arrange-'- ment of the charging and discharging device which. We provide inassociation with the mixer.
The mixer includes the rotatable mixer drum 10 which is disposed in rearwardly and upwardly inclined position on a frame indicated generally by the numeral I l. The; charging and dischargingv device ofv our invention is illustrated enerally by the numeral I2 ancl'is"v carried at. the.
rear or upper end ofithe. druinil [I by means of an upstanding extension [3 of the frame llf.' The.
. mixer drum [I], as shown best in Figure 7,;i's proedge to the extension l3 of the, mixer, frame... It. will be noted from Figures 1, 2 and. that the.
draulic actuating unit which. may be provided. on, H
details of the hydraulic unit, such unit being in.
condition to move the hopper into. discharging position. a
Figur Bis a vertical sectional view through the hydraulic unit. and]v showing it in conditionhto' move the hopper into charging position.
Figure '7 is an enlarged detail mainly in vertical sectionand illustrating, mainly the sealing. joint between the annulus or door and the hopper and the seat around the drum opening for the.
Figure 8 is anenlarged vertical sectionalview.
through the. sealing joint between the annulus.
and the hoppe Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure '7v but showing a fiat surface rather than the tapering one of Figure '7.
Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 7 but showing another. modification of the sealing joint between the annulus or. door and the hopper and the seat around the drum opening for the annulus.
Figure 11 is a. sideelevational view of our device with a mechanical actuating unit rather than a hydraulic actuating unit associated. therewith.
Figure 12 is an enlarged. detail in plan of part of the actuating unit of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is anenlarged detail partly in sid vided with the opening Mat. its; rear or upper I end through which material may passijAring" I5 is disposed in surrounding relationship to this.
opening. I' l andis provided with an. inclined". cult.-
wardly extending flange [521 which supports. a finished ring door seat I16 for the opening [4; The seat It is welded. to the flange, l'5ajj Our device l2 includes a hopper. CT, the upper end it. of which may be. open or may bepro'vided with a suitable closure. The reariwall' 1'9 of the hopper is inclined. downwardly and. forwardly sothat material deposited in the upper enclzthereof, will flow downwardly'therethrough by gravity. f
The hopper is pivoted. at. its forward and. upper.
forward wall [901, of the hopper is provided with.
forwardly extending pivotarmsi'fl at itsoplpositle.
sides. These arms carry bearings 21? at their forward ends which are rotatably disposed on a transverse rod 22; This rod. is carried; in, sleeves 23. which. are supp'ortedonthe. upjper. endsiof up.-
' standing brackets 2. 31 The. brackets 24 rest upon and are secured to the upper ends of large. triangular shape supporting' member 25 which may be welded. or otherwise secured. to the forwardly leaning. extension, E3 of the mixerfra'me.
swung about the axis of of thepivot rod 22;
The forward or lower end o'fth'e hopper is open and carries a rotatable annulus or" door 26'. in association. therewith which. is disposed between the drum It and hopper 12. The annulus 2'6 mounted on the hopper, in. such a; manner'that relative rotation therebetween is, permitted means of a special type of sealing joint indicated? generally by the'numeral 2T. vThis/joint is; illustrated' best, in Figures? and 85.
The lower openend of. the vlioppierlis.provided. with a ring 28. which. may, be. welded thereto around. the opening. thereof: This ring 23 is provided with anoutwardly extending, flange 29 at its rear edge which may be fjorm'e'dpasj apart thereof. or. welded thereto. Ah'eadlofthe' flange 29 and in contact therewithiis a. thrustiring 30,
which. issecured to the; flange' 2,9,' preferably removably, for rotation. therewith; The. inner edge of this. thrust. ring has. at forwardly extending lip 3!.
around the ring. 2.8.and may be. secured thereto,
for example by'weldingu Thisringil isgp'rovidedi with anoutvvardly. directedfiange fi. whijchhas. a.
beveledouter edge= ,-34; Thepartsofithe sealing Thus; it will" be apparent that the; hopper IT can be,
Just ahead. of. the forward. edge} of. the, lip" 3 an axially extending. ring 32. is. disposed.
ried by the hopper. It will be noted from Figure 8 that the rear surface of the ring 30 and the inner edge thereof are machined to provide a lube ricant-receiving space 35 to which lubricant can be fed by pressure fittings 36. It will also be noted that a substantial space 31 is provided between the ring 39 and flange 33.
The annulus 26 is provided at one edge with an inwardly extending flange 38 which is disposed at a suitable angle so that it will be parallel to the flange '29 on the hopper. The flange 38 is so positioned that it extends into the space 31 and its inner edge 39 tightly contacts the outer side ofllip 3|. Secured to the forward side of the flange 38 is a flexible sealing ring 49 which is preferably made of rubber. This ring is secured in face contact with the flange 38 by means of the removable screw bolts 4-! which carry collars 42 that press against sealing ring 40. The inner edge 43 of the flexible ring 49 will bear against the beveled surface 34 on flange 33. As indioated, when the ring 40 is drawn tight against flange 38, the outer edge 43 of the flexible ring will bend and will resiliently contact beveled surface 34. The other edge of annulus 26 is adapted to seat on the seat I6 provided around the drum opening and when moved into association therewith will be angularly disposed relative thereto as indicated to ensure proper sealing contact. When the annulus 26 is pressed against the seat 16, it will rotate with the drum, relative rotation between it and the hopper being permitted by the sealing joint 21. The flange 38 on member 26 will merely rotate in the space 37 between flanges 30 and 33 and at the same time the edge 43 of the flexible sealing ring 40 will rub against the beveled surface 34 and will maintain sealing contact therewith. The lubricant will also pass between flange 33 and flange 38, as indicated in Figure 8, and will build up pressure therein which will tend to prevent fines from entering between flexible edge 43 and beveled surface 34 and reaching the relatively rotatable metal sealing surfaces on members 30 and 58.
For moving the hopper ll about the pivot axis 22-, we provide the unit illustrated generally by the numeral 45 in Figures 1, 2 and 4. This unit is supported by means of a yoke 46 which extends around the rear side of the hopper and is spaced rearwardly therefrom. The arms 4'! of this yoke may extend forwardly along each side of the drum ID to the forward end of the drum where they may be suitably anchored to the frame II. The arms 41 are rigidly bolted at 48 to the frame extension l3 and at 49 to the triangular members 25.
The unit 45 is shown in detail in Figures 5 and 6 and comprises a supporting sleeve 59 which has trunnion bolts 5| carried at its forward and lower end which are rotatably disposed in openings formed in the forward and upper ends of arms 52. These arms 52 have their rear ends welded as at 53 to the transversely extending part of the yoke 46 and extend upwardly and forwardly therefrom. Thus, the sleeve 50 is free to pivot about an axis passing through the trun-. nions 5|.
Supported by the sleeve 50 for limited axial movement relative thereto is a hydraulic cylinder and piston unit 55. This unit comprises the cylinder 56 which is slidably mounted in an opening provided in a bearingplate 51 which is secured to the forward end of sleeve 5|]. Disposed within the cylinder 56 is a piston 58. This piston 58 is mounted on a piston rod which includes the forwardly extending section 59 and the rearwardly extending section 60 which are coupled together at 6|. The section 59 is mounted for axial sliding movement in a bearing 62 disposed at the. forward end of cylinder 56 while the section 56 is similarly mounted in'a bearing 63 provided at the rear end of cylinder 56. This bearing 63 is provided with a tubular extension 64 which extends. rearwardly through an opening provided in a bearing plate 65 secured to the rear end of cylinder 56 and in which it can move axially. Surrounding the extension 64 and disposed between the plate 65, on the rear end of cylinder 56, and an inwardly. turned flange 66, on the rear end of sleeve 50, is a compression spring 61. It will be noted that the .bearing extension 64 extends through the opening 66u within flange 66 and is axially movable therein and that it carries on its outer end lock nuts 68 which are threaded thereon. Nuts 68 serve as a stop for cooperating with the flanged end. 66 of sleeve 59 to limit forward movement of cylinder 56. The forward end of the section 59 of the piston rod is coupled at 69 to the rear end of a connecting pin 19 which carries a clevis .H at its forward end that, in turn, is pivoted at 12 to a lug '13 on the back wall IQ of the hopper: A flexible sleeve 14 preferably encloses the coupling 69.;
It will be noted that each bearing 62 and 63 is provided with a chamber 15 surrounding, the associated section of the piston rod for receiving the hydraulic fluid. Associated with each of these chambers and leading thereto is a line 16. Exhaust of fluid from one end of the cylinder and supply of fluid to the other end is controlled by means of the usual reversible valve 11 which is connected to the lines 16 and to a suitable source of hydraulic fluid under pressure. The valve 11, of course, is preferably located at the rear side of the mixer.
With the valve 11 in one position, the piston 58 will beat therear end of the cylinder 56, as shown in'Figure 5. This pulls the piston rod rearwardly and swings the hopper rearwardly and upwardly about the pivot axis 22. In this position, as shown in Figure 7, the annulus 26 will be spaced'from its seat l6 and discharge of material through the opening [4 and down through the indicated space will be permitted. At this time the various parts of the sealing joint 21 between the hopper and annulus will be in proper association but will be under no thrust. The spring 6! will be exerting no force on the end of the cylinder 56.
When it is desired to move the hopper and annulus into charging position, the valve ll'i is operated to reverse the flow of hydraulic fluid, as indicated in Figure -6. This will move the piston 58. forwardly and downwardly and the cylinder until the annulus 26 engages seat [6. The continued hydraulic pressure causes the cylinder 58' to moverearwardly and press against the spring 61. The spring-will be sufficiently strong to resist compression to any considerable extent and the piston 58 will serve to press the annulusfirmly butresiliently on its seat l6. Thus, the initial movement of the piston 58 will seat the annulus and then spring pressure is applied by the cylinder 56 being forced against the spring 61. This action continues until full forward travel of the piston in the cylinder is accomplished.
It willbe thusapparent that before the piston reaches the extentof its forward travel, a re-.
silient pressure or thrust is applied to seat the door or annulus 26 and this makes it unnecessary to accurately determine thefoirward" travel of the piston. Also, it ensures proper-seating of. the annulus or door even though material buildsup on the seat I6? Although the thrustpressure for seating the annulus ordoor at the drum openi-i ing is applied through the sealing-joint 21, this willhave, no deleterious-effect on the seal dueto the fact that the thrust-is: applied'by ring 30. on: flange 38 and has no effect on the fie'xiblerin 410 Furthermore; relative rotation is permitted and the seal will be maintainedby the flexible edge 43 of ring fill-wiping the bevel surface 34. It will benoted that the force for moving'the hopper between its various positions: is applied at the center of, the hopper which makes it possible to provide a simplified actuating structure and also ensures that uniformseating pressure will be ap plied all around the door 16;
The annulus or door member 26 need not be of the particular form shown in- Figure 7 butm'ay be of other forms, for example, a flat form, as i'ndtcated in Figure 9, where theannulusis: desig nated 26b;
Figure 10 shows: still afurtherform: of tapered a clevis- 12a. The rear and upper end of this bar annulus or door member zficwhichcontacts with a flat ring seat I60; This seat Ilia is bolted to the flange l5b-rather'than welded as-shown in Figures '7, 8' and 9. The form: shown Fig ure 7 and the formsshown inFiguresQ and 1 0are for illustrative purposes" only and the door or annulus may'assume other'formsl- The actuating unit previously described" is fluid-operated, preferably" hydraulically operated. However, as shown iniFig-uresl1 to-1-5,'i'n-' elusive, a mechanicalactuating unitmaybe pro vided.
In this structure-the hopper: l-Ja is carried onthe mixer substantially as-befo're. The pivot arms 20a on the hopper arepivoted" to the brackets 24a at the horizontal pivot. 2200; In this instance, the brackets 24a are adjustably carried by the upstanding supporting members 25a. IIhe brackets 24a are normally clamped to the mem bers 25a by clamping bolts 241) which: pass through. openings and slots in the cooperating members 24a and 25a; Adjustable-screws 2511' are connected-to the brackets 24a, andmembers 25a and may be used for adjusting 'thebracketsforwardly or rearwardly on= members '25a...when the=bolts24b are released. This provides-means for adjusting the pivot axis 22d ofethe hopper forwardly or rearwardly. Ifnecessary; the bolts 241). can be released and shims positioned-between members 24a andl 2 5a to: vary therheight' ofthe pivot 22a. Thus, the location of the pivot 220; can be adjusted accurately: relative to thefmi'xer drum I On to accurately position door Raf-relative to the drum opening and thentheboltsflb can be tightened.
The support for theunit 45a' comprises a yoke. dfiaxwhich extends rearwardlytaroundithenhopper and has its forward: ends anchoredito the plates 25a by means of brackets "a. For bracing-the rearend of the member 46a,the-rearwardly'and upwardly extending. braces 48a are provided.
which. have theirlower' ends bolted 'at 48b to members 725a at' the lower ends thereof-and: their upper ends boltedzto braoketscfld whichiextend rearwardly and upwardly from? the curved part of, supporting. member. 46a to 'which they" are welded. Thus, the rearwardlyextending:member 46a will berigidlybraced: I
The. unit 45a is a toggle 'uniti and issupported by themember 46a; It includeslatoggle'shaft Ella which extends transversely and which is supported at' its ends for rotation in the'brackets 48d" andiwhich' is supported intermediate itsi ends'by the: forwardly and upwardly extending arms 5211 which have their rear ends welded to member 46a substantially midway between the ends thereof; An actuating rod 59a is'provided and this rod is pivotally connected for vertical swinging movement to the rear side of the hopper Ila, substan-' tially at: the center of the hopper, by means of 59a is enlarged and is provided witha longitudinally extending guide slotf59b through which the" toggle shaft 5m passes. The-forward portion of the bar 59a: is reduced and slidably mounted on this reduced portion of the bar is acollar50a; Infront ofthis collar 50a is a compression spring 67a which surrounds the reduced part of the bar 59a and: which engages a fixed collar 65a mounted at the forward end of the bar. The rear end or the spring 67a fits into a cup 5% formed within member 5021 at the forward side thereof. This spring normally tends to keep member SDa rearwardly' in engagement with the shoulder 50b formed at the beginning of the enlarged rear portion of the bar 59a. 7
Connected to the collar 50a at diametricallyopposedpivots are the toggle" links 81 which are of substantially L-shape, as shown in Ffig ure 13. Theseli'nks are rigidly connected together by a transverse: bolt 82 located behind; collar 56a. The rearends of these links are pivoted at 83*to the forwardends of toggle levers 84- which are keyed on the transverse toggle shaft 5m at opposite'sides of members 52d;
The shaft 5m may berockedin order torock the toggle levers '84 about the axis of such shaft by means of a rocker arm 85-keyed on one end thereofm This arm is rocked by means of abar 16a which has its upper end pivoted thereto at 86 and which has its lower end connected to a handwheel-control Ha.
The unit- 'Ila' includes the hand'wheel 81 which iskeyed to the outer end of shaft 88- that isro tatably mounted in a transverse bearing 89- mounted in a vertically supporting plate 90 at the rear of themixer framebelow one of the'members 25a. The plate SID-carries a bracket 9! which extends laterally outwardly therefrom and on which is supported a plunger 'latch- 92- that cooperates with notches 93'' in the hub 94* of the handwheel' 81-. The plunger latch 92 can be-with'- drawn topermit rotation of the handwheel and,
whenreleased; will automatically lock'the handwh'eel'in fixed position; 7
The inner end ofthe-shaft 8'8 carries a pinion- 95" which is keyed therein and whi'ch meshes with an internal gear 96 that is keyed-on atransverse stub shaft 9-! which is parallel to shaft 88- and is rotatably mounted in abearing 91a carried-by theplate 90. The outer end of the shaft 91 has} a stop arm 98 keyed th'ereon while the inner endhasa crank-arm 99 keyed thereon which is piv-- oted'at I90 to the lower end-of the bar 76a;
It will be apparent that when latch 92 is released; the handwheel" 81 can be rotatedand this Will rotate the-stub shaft 91. This will swing the arm 99 and exert a pushor pull on the-bar 16a. Rotation of the gear 96 in a counterclockwise'direction is limited by the arm 98 contacting with the bearing 89} as shown in Figure 14'- by'dotted-li'nes. Rotation in the opposite' directionzislilnitedbymovement of the bar 'lGa rocks the rocker arm 85 'which', in turn, rocks thetoggleshaft 51a. The'bar 16a and the rocker arm 85 .ward pull on bar 16a.
will be off center, even when the door 26a is seated, as shown in Figure 11, to facilitate rocking of arm 85 when a thrust is exerted on bar 16a by counterclockwise rotation of gear 96.
counterclockwise rotation of handwheel 81 will result in counterclockwise rotation of gear 96 and this will exert a rear and upward thrust on to slide rearwardly on the shaft 51a. In other words, the bar 5911 and the collar 50a carried thereby, along with the associated parts, is moved bodily rearwardly to swing the hopper rearwardly about the pivot axis 22a.
After discharge of the mixer drum contents, the door 260. is seated by rotating handwheel 81 in the opposite direction. This rotates gear 96 clockwise, causing it to exert a forward and down- This rocks the arm 85 downwardly and forwardly and rocks the toggle levers 84 in a similar direction. This exerts a forward thrust on the links 8|, moving the rod 59a and associated parts forwardly bodily and thereby swinging the hopper Ila. into charging position. As soon as the door 26a seats on the seat around the mixer drum opening, the spring movement of bar 59a, and associated parts, and
then resilient pressure is applied on the door by movement of member 5011 relative to bar 59a and against the pressure of spring 6111. Furthermore, the toggle is permitted to look by reason of the fact that spring 61a permits the pivots 83 to move downwardly beyond center.
It will be apparent that in this structure, the sealing joint 21a between door 26a and hopper I la is the same as in the previously described structure. This will permit rotation of the member 26a with themixer drum and relative to the hopper as the door is seated. The force to move the hopper between its charging and discharging positions is applied substantially at the center of the hopper which simplifies the structure. Furthermore, this ensures uniform pressure being applied around the door 260. when it is being forced into contact with its seat around the drum opening.
. It will be apparent that the hopper is mounted for movement'between charging and discharging positions without providing any obstruction to free flow of material through the hopper, the annulus or the mixer opening. Furthermore, it will be apparent that by a simple control, the hopper may be moved between its two positions.
Various other advantages will be apparent.
Having thus described our invention, what we claim is:
1. In combination with a mixer having a rotatable mixing drum with an end opening through which the material is charged and discharged, a charging device movable between charging and discharging positions, means for moving'said device between such positions and including a fluid cylinder and piston unit connected to said device and to a support carried by themixer, means connected to said unit for controlling said unit to cause it to thrust said chargingdevice into charging position, and resilient means engaging said unit and permitting limited yielding movement thereof in a direction opposite to the direction of said thrust when the charging device is moved into charging position so as to hold said charging device resiliently in charging position.
2. .In combination with a mixer having a rotatable mixing drum with an opening through which the material is charged and discharged, 2. charging device including a hopper adapted to be moved into association with said opening oraway from said opening, means for supporting said hopper on a support carried by said mixer for movement between the indicated positions, means for moving said hopper between such positions and including a fluid cylinder and piston unit which is connected to said hopper, means for supporting the cylinder and piston unit from said support, said means comprising a member carrying said cylinder for axial movement, and resilient means for resisting axial movement of said cylinder away from said hopper as said cylinder and piston unit thrusts said hopper into charging position in association with said opening.
3. A structure according toclaim 2 wherein an annular door is provided between said hopper and said drum opening, and means for rotatably mounting said door on said hopperu i. In combination with a mixer having a rotatable mixing drum with an opening through which the material is charged and discharged, a charging device including a hopper, means for mounting said hopper for vertical swinging movement towards and from said opening, said means including a pivot structure for connecting the hopper to a support on the mixer for vertical swinging movement, an annular door rotatably carried at the inner side of said hopper for cooperation with said opening, and means for swinging said hopper with the door carried thereby about said pivot structure to move the door into position over said opening or in spaced relationship to said opening, said means comprising a fluid-actuated cylinder and piston unit connected to the rear side of said hopper and to a fixed support provided on said mixer, the cylinder of said unit being mounted for axial movement in a sleeve carried by said support, and a compression spring carried in said sleeve and resisting movementof said cylinder away from said hopper.
5. A structure according to claim 4 wherein said sleeve is pivoted to said support for vertical movement and said cylinder and piston unit is pivotally connected to said hopper for vertical movement.
6. A structure according to claim 5 wherein a sealing joint is provided between said annular
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 24, 1917
|Jul 24, 1917
|Birmingham Iron Foundry
|Machine for treating rubber and other heavy plastic material.
|Jan 28, 1942
|Sep 7, 1943
|Chain Belt Co
|Concrete mixer
|Jul 27, 1946
|Nov 30, 1948
|T L Smith Co
|Seal for chutes of concrete mixers
|Jun 4, 1947
|Nov 29, 1949
|Worthington Pump & Mach Corp
|Charging hopper for truck mixers
|Jul 10, 1943
|Mar 28, 1950
|Jaeger Machine Co
|Sealing means for mixers or the like
|Nov 14, 1949
|Apr 18, 1950
|Worthington Pump & Mach Corp
|Seal for rotatable closure plate on transit type concrete mixers
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 11, 1951
|Dec 15, 1953
|Le Roi Company
|Concrete mixer
|Sep 16, 1957
|Jan 20, 1959
|Worthington Corp
|Dust seal for an industrial mixer
|Nov 27, 1991
|Apr 5, 1994
|Rite-Hite Corporation
|Safety gate assembly
|Dec 14, 2004
|Jun 3, 2008
|Rite-Hite Holding Corporation
|Alarm system for a loading dock
|Nov 26, 2007
|Oct 1, 2013
|Rite-Hite Holding Corporation
|Alarm system for a loading dock
|Feb 2, 2010
|Nov 26, 2013
|Rite-Hite Holding Corporation
|Lighting and signaling systems for loading docks
|Dec 14, 2004
|Jun 29, 2006
|Rite-Hite Holding Corporation
|Alarm system for a loading dock
|Jun 1, 2005
|Dec 7, 2006
|Paul Maly
|Extruded protective railing system
|Nov 26, 2007
|Jun 5, 2008
|Paul Maly
|Alarm system for a loading dock
|U.S. Classification
|366/41, 49/340
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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HILLSVILLE — After some citizens had bad encounters with animals, Hillsville is considering an ordinance banning all animals at town events.
The ordinance would still allow service animals.
Council Member Greg Yonce brought up the issue at the July 11 meeting, saying he had been contacted by citizens who wanted a "no dogs" ordinance for the town's monthly classic car cruise-ins.
"That pit bull with a logging chain on it scared a lot of people," Yonce said, referring to an animal that was at the July cruise-in.
Staff Reports
The Virginia Farm Bureau and police in Southwest Virginia are urging farmers to be on the lookout for marijuana "trespass grows" on their property.
Among rows of corn and between hay bales all over the region, growers are planting marijuana without the land owners' knowledge.
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Jackson, Jr., of Galax announce of the engagement of their daughter, Jenna Katharine, to Matthew Morris, son of Janice Morris and the late Michael Morris of Mocksville, N.C.
Jenna Jackson is a graduate of Carroll County High School and was graduated magna cum laude from Oklahoma City University.
She works in the entertainment department of the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta and teaches at the Lyric Dance Extension.
Vita Barton celebrated her birthday at Waddell Nursing & Rehab Center.
She turned 98 on June 30 and celebrated with family and friends who surprised her with a party at the facility. A special guest was her great-great-grandson, Silas Bowman, age 18 months old.
Eddie and Shelia Hash along with Michael and Rachel Parks announced the engagement of Toby J. Hash and Tiffany M. Parks.
An October wedding is planned.
Editor's Note: This information is taken from open court records and is a matter of public record.
The listings are complete. The newspaper, as a matter of fairness, will not honor requests to omit any listing.
For information on this column or questions, call 236-5178, ext. 213.
Land Transfers
These land transfers were recorded Oct. 16-28, 2015, in the office of Gerald Goad, clerk of the Carroll County Circuit Court, Hillsville:
Clumps in the road
The Galax-Carroll-Grayson Animal Shelter will be closed until July 27 due to an outbreak of parvovirus, according to City Manager Keith Barker.
Parvo is a very contagious, life-threatening illness that affects dogs and cats.
There are strains that can affect humans, but these are different from those that pets can catch and carry.
Every law enforcement officer who buckles into a patrol car today does so with a heavy heart.
Everyone who pins on a badge will do so with a mixed sense of frustration and exhaustion, anger and exasperation.
These men and women have an incredibly difficult job. "Protect and serve" may be the mission, but the responsibilities we place on their shoulders are greater than many of us can imagine.
The Commonwealth Transportation Board has added two new projects in Carroll County to the Virginia Department of Transportation's six-year plan. These projects include U.S. 52 North spot improvements and Cranberry Road improvements.
Copyright © 2016
The Galax Gazette is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Galax, Grayson, Carroll, and surrounding areas.


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4 Bedroom Properties for Sale in Mizzen Road, Plymouth PL1
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4 bed terraced house for saleAdelaide Street, Stonehouse, Plymouth PL1
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Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Plymouth (0.8 miles)
- Devonport (Devon) (0.8 miles)
4 bed town house for saleMillbay Road, Millbay, Plymouth PL1
Beautifully presented south facing waterside townhouse with breathtaking views towards Plymouth Sound and Drake's Island. The accommodation is arranged over 4 levels and comprises 4 bedrooms (master en-suite), fabulous open plan reception room with ...
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Plymouth (0.9 miles)
- Devonport (Devon) (1.0 mile)
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