text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 15, 1984
|Filing date
|Feb 24, 1983
|Priority date
|Mar 1, 1982
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Rio Bellocci
|Original Assignee
|Pont-A-Mousson S.A.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (15), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
______________________________________NominalDiametermm 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000______________________________________approximate 6 7 8 9 10 11 12.5nominalwallthickness(mm)______________________________________
The present invention relates to the manufacture of tubes from spheroidal graphite cast-iron by centrifugal casting and more particularly to a thermal treatment following the centrifugal casting intended to give the centrifuged tube a structure making it lighter.
After centrifugal casting and thermal treatment, tubes--that is to say cylindrical pipes of constant thickness--made from spheroidal graphite cast-iron at present have a ferritic structure which has two advantages: on the one hand, this structure gives them good mechanical characteristics (elastic resilience and ductility), on the other hand, this ferritic structure is easily obtained by thermal treatment after centrifugal casting, either in a chill-mould provided internally with a thick coating of a pulverulent mixture of silica and bentonite in suspension in water (a so called "wet-spray" coating) or in a chill-mould without such a coating.
In the case of the presence of a "wet-spray" coating on the chill-mould, the tube is extracted from its chill-mould and rapidly introduced into a furnace before it has cooled too much then is subject to a thermal treatment known as "maintaining ferritisation" at a temperature of the order of 750° C., for a period of time of the order of 20 to 25 minutes, then it is left to cool naturally.
If there is no "wet-spray" coating on the chill-mould, the pipe is extracted from its casting mould and is introduced rapidly into a furnace where it is subjected to graphitisation annealing at a temperature of the order of 950° C. for a period of time of the order of 20 to 25 minutes, then to maintaining ferritisation at a temperature of the order of 750° C. for a period of time of the order of 15 to 20 minutes.
The Applicant has previously addressed the problem of obtaining economically cast-iron tubes produced by centrifugal casting, which are lighter than current tubes, without any appreciable loss of mechanical features.
The Applicant has sought to achieve this result by giving the tube of spheroidal graphite cast-iron a bainitic structure, instead of the customary ferritic structure, which bainitic structure has a tensile strength and characteristic of elongation as well as a characteristic of resilience equal to or greater than those of the ferritic structure.
The bainitic structure of the spheroidal cast-iron has already been studied for cast-iron parts cast in a chill-mould, in particular for mechanical parts of motor vehicles, as described for example in French Pat. No. 1 056 330, on account of the good mechanical characteristics conferred by a structure of this type.
In an article of the journal "Hommes et Fonderie" (Men and the Foundry) No. 84 of April 1978, a thermal treatment for obtaining this bainitic structure is described. The thermal treatment described is that of so called "chilling by stages" which makes it possible to lead to the bainitic structure by passing through austenitisation by successive stages of cooling at different speeds, of which one is chilling, starting with the hot part, as it has been cast. This treatment has the advantage of not requiring initial heating for austenitisation.
However, according to the technique described in this article, in view of the low aptitude for chilling of spheroidal graphite cast-iron, not only is it necessary to have very close checking of the carbon, silicon and manganese contents of the cast-iron, but also, if one wishes to treat relatively thick parts, it is necessary to add expensive alloying elements such as molybdenum, which even in small quantities are particularly effective for increasing the aptitude for chilling of cast-iron to a sufficient extent, in order that the chilling by stages prevents the formation of perlite and leads to the formation of bainite.
The Applicant has thus tackled the problem of obtaining centrifugally cast tubes of bainitic cast-iron containing spheroidal graphite without the addition of special substances, which are expensive even in small quantities, such as molybdenum.
To this end, the invention relates to a centrifugally cast tube of spheroidal graphite cast-iron, characterised in that the cast-iron has the following composition by weight:
carbon: 2.5-4.0%
silicon: 2-4.0%
manganese: 0.1-0.6%
nickel: 0-3.5%
copper: 0-11%
magnesium: 0-0.5%
sulphur: 0.01% maximum
phosphorus: 0.06% maximum
the remainder being iron,
this cast-iron having a bainitic structure.
In order to produce a tube of this type, according to the invention, one begins with a spheroidal graphite cast-iron having the above mentioned composition, this cast-iron is cast in a centrifugal chill-mould provided with a refractory lining and cooled externally by water, the centrifugally cast tube is left to cool in the chill-mould to a temperature of the order of 800°-1000° C. in order to acquire an austenitic structure, then, still in the chill-mould, it is cooled vigorously and uniformly over its entire length by spraying water or a mixture of air and water onto its inner wall, to a temperature of approximately 250°-400° C., in order to give it an austenitic or bainitic structure, then the tube is removed from the chill-mould and placed inside a furnace kept at a temperature of between 250° and 450° C. for the purpose of creating or maintaining a bainitic structure and the tube is removed from the furnace in order to allow it to cool in the air.
Experience shows that the tube according to the invention has a substantially reduced unit weight and a substantially increased working pressure, at the cost of higher ovalisation under the actual weight of the tube, but which remains within acceptable limits.
The invention is described hereafter in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show only one embodiment thereof. In these drawings:
FIG. 1 is a partial diagrammatic view in longitudinal section of a machine for the centrifugal casting of cast-iron tubes, equipped with a spray device for carrying out the method according to the invention, the machine being in the position at the end of casting;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of the machine during the stage of spraying the tube in the chill-mould of the method according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view on line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view showing the stage of maintaining bainitisation, inside a furnace, of the method of the invention;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are comparative diagrams of the thermal treatment of the method of the invention (curves drawn in full line) with respect to known prior thermal treatments, respectively for obtaining a bainitic structure with austenitisation heating and for obtaining a ferritic structure in the conventional manufacture of centrifugally produced cast-iron tubes, these curves corresponding to tubes having a nominal diameter of 1600 mm;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are micrographs of a wall structure of tubes centrifugally cast from spheroidal graphite cast-iron, respectively with a bainitic structure enlarged 1000 times and with a ferritoperlitic structure enlarged 100 times.
According to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3, the invention is applied to the manufacture of tubes from spheroidal graphite cast-iron by centrifugal casting.
The mehod according to the invention consists of starting with a composition of spheroidal graphite cast-iron which is as follows, with percentages by weight:
carbon: 2.5-4.0% and in particular 3.6%
silicon: 2-4.0% and in particular 2.4%
manganese: 0.1-0.6% and in particular 0.5%
nickel: 0-3.5% and in particular 0.2%
copper: 0-11% and in particular 0.5%
magnesium: 0-0.5% and in particular 0.03%
sulphur: 0.01% maximum
phosphorus: 0.06% maximum
the remainder being iron.
This composition of cast-iron has been modified with respect to that which normally serves for the manufacture of pipes from spheroidal graphite cast-iron with a ferrito-perlitic structure due to the addition of the elements Ni and Cu, which were not present and preferably by the addition of an appreciable amount of Mn, basic cast-iron normally containing only 0.1-0.2%. The elements Ni, Cu, Mn have the property of improving the capacity of the cast-iron for chilling.
This composition of spheroidal graphite cast-iron is cast by centrifugation in a centrifugal casting machine illustrated diagrammatically in FIGS. 1 to 3.
This machine essentially comprises a carriage A which is able to move longitudinally by virtue of a jack B. This carriage A supports a metal centrifugal casting chill-mould 1, on an approximately horizontal axis X--X, through the intermediary of rollers C whereof at least one is driven by a motor M. The chill-mould 1 provides a cylindrical casting cavity of the same diameter from one end to the other, with a view to obtaining a tube T of constant diameter and wall thickness over its entire length, thus without any socket. For example, the tube T has a length of six to eight meters for an inner diameter which may range from 60 mm to 2000 mm depending on the centrifugal casting machine and the chill-mould 1 used.
As is known, the machine is provided with a device for the external cooling of the chill-mould 1. The latter may be ramps for spraying water, distributed around the chill-mould 1, inside a casing or bodywork enclosing this chill-mould, or even a jacket with water circulating from one end of the chill-mould to the other and outside the latter, in a closed circuit. For the purpose of simplification, the device for cooling the outside of the chill-mould 1, whatever this device and since it is known per se, has not been illustrated.
Moreover, in view of the fact that the invention applies preferably, but not exclusively, to the manufacture of large diameter cast-iron tubes, i.e. diameters greater than 700 mm and which may even reach 2000 mm, a human silhouette S has been shown beside the machine, on the right in FIG. 1, in order to illustrate the considerable diameter of the chill-mould 1 in which the tube T is to be cast.
Although, for reasons given hereafter, it is for large diameters that the method of the invention is most advantageous, this method can also be applied to the manufacture of cast-iron tubes of small and average diameters, i.e. of diameters comprised between approximately 50 and 600 mm.
A runner E provided upstream of a chute G supplied with molten cast-iron by a tilting ladle H is able to penetrate inside the chill-mould 1, roughly parallel to its axis X--X.
The arrangement of the runner E and of its chute G is mounted to overhang on a carriage 2 able to move transversely with respect to the axis X--X, i.e. in an end direction with respect to the plane of FIG. 1. The transverse carriage 2 also supports in an overhanging manner a long rigid conduit or ramp 3 for spraying water, which is connected to a supply of pressurized water (not shown). The rigid conduit 3 has a length corresponding to that of the runner E, thus of the chill-mould 1 and is also approximately parallel to the axis X--X of the chill-mould 1. It is mounted on the transverse carriage 2 staggered with respect to the runner E by a transverse distance such that due to a transverse movement of the carriage 2, when the runner E is inside the chill-mould 1, the rigid conduit 3 is outside and vice versa.
The rigid conduit or ramp 3 is provided over its entire length with pairs of twin nozzles 4 for spraying water. The jets of the nozzles 4, which are arranged opposite each other in pairs, have adjustable sections and are regulated in order that each provides a suitable flow of water depending on the thickness of the tube, which is substantially constant over the entire length of the tube T. The means for regulating the sections of the jets from the nozzles 4, which are known per se, are not shown.
Before each casting operation, the chill-mould 1 is provided with a refractory coating 1a, the so called "wet-spray" coating, i.e. a mixture of silica powder and bentonite in suspension in water. For example, this coating has a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.8 mm. The constituents of this coating mixture are in the following proportions: 500-3000 grams of silica powder having a grain size of between 40 and 100 microns and 10-40 grams of bentonite per liter of water. The members for spraying this coating, which are known per se, have not been shown.
It should be noted that in FIG. 1, in which the runner E is partly located inside the chill-mould 1, part of the conduit 3 comprising nozzles 4 is not visible, since this conduit is retracted laterally. It is necessary to consider FIG. 2 in order to see the conduit 3 with all its nozzles 4 introduced inside the chill-mould 1 in the spraying position. The runner E is thus in a position retracted laterally, in front of the plane of FIG. 2 and has been shown only partly, for the sake of clarity of the drawing. This is clear in FIG. 3.
By means of this installation, one proceeds with the casting of a tube T by centrifugation, by introducing into the chill-mould the runner E, then by pouring cast-iron through this runner whilst extracting it progressively from the chill-mould. According to the invention, one pours into the centrifugal casting chill-mould 1 only a quantity of cast-iron which is able to produce a centrifuged tube whereof the thickness is much less than the customary thickness, taking into account the diameter (see hereafter the table of numerical values).
When the casting of the tube T is completed, the latter is subjected to the following thermal treatment, which consists of chilling in stages carried out partly inside the centrifugal chill-mould 1 and partly in a maintaining furnace, with a view to obtaining and maintaining a bainitic structure, thus preventing the formation of perlite.
In a first stage of this thermal treatment (FIGS. 5 and 6, curve drawn in full line) the tube T is left inside the centrifugal chill-mould 1 in order to subject it to bainitisation chilling, passing through austenitisation, without heating, thus benefiting from the heat of casting. One thus obtains a tube which has been centrifuged and has solidified and is still at a temperature of the order of 1150° C. (after passing from the point a to the point b on the curve drawn in full line in FIGS. 5 and 6).
Owing to the fact that the chill-mould 1 is cooled externally and that the tube T is allowed to rotate about itself, the latter cools slowly from a to b and from b to c, i.e. from 1300° C. to 1150° C. and from 1150° C. to 1000° C. in a virtually homogeneous manner. In the vicinity of the point c of the curve drawn in full line in FIGS. 5 and 6 and even below this point, for example to 800° C., one notes a slight temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall, less than 20° C., it is this tube T with a homogeneous temperature which is thus austenitised, i.e. with an austenitic structure at the point c, without the application of heat, but by cooling which occurs after casting inside the chill-mould 1.
From this homogeneous state as regards temperature and austenitic structure, the thermal treatment of chilling or rapid cooling is carried out inside the centrifugal chill-mould by means of the spray ramp 3 and the spray nozzles 4, by spraying water or a mixture of air and water.
To this end, immediately after casting, the runner is retracted laterally due to a movement of the carriage 2, the spray ramp 3 comprising nozzles 4 is introduced completely into the centrifugal chill-mould 1 and one proceeds with spraying of the cavity of the tube T which has just been cast, whilst continuing to rotate the chill-mould 1. Naturally, the spray rate, which is theoretically constant over the entire length of the centrifuged tube, may be adjusted locally, if local irregularities in temperature of the chill-mould 1 are ascertained, although one seeks to keep the external cooling of the latter constant and uniform.
By proceeding in this way, the tube T is cooled homogeneously. This stage of chilling is represented by the section c-d in the curves drawn in full line in FIGS. 5 and 6. The temperature of the tube T thus drops in several minutes from approximately 1000° C. (or less, for example 800° C.) to approximately 350° C.
The water sprayed is vaporized inside the rotating pipe and discharged in a suitable manner by means which are not illustrated.
In fact, the temperature at the end of chilling is between 250° C. and 450° C. In this temperature range which is located either slightly above or slightly below the value of 350° C. marked on the curves of FIGS. 5 and 6, the tube T has sufficient rigidity so that there is no longer any danger of ovalisation outside the centrifugal chill-mould. Owing to the chilling c-d, the tube has also obtained a structure which is free from perlite. In the curves of FIGS. 5 and 6, the region corresponding to perlite is situated on the right of this curve, at a certain distance from the portion c-d.
The second stage of thermal treatment consists of maintaining the temperature in order to consolidate or fix the bainitic structure (maintaining bainitisation). For this, subsequent to the preceding stage of rapid cooling or chilling, the tube T is extracted from the centrifugal chill-mould, either by stopping the rotation of the latter, or by continuing to rotate it during the extraction, depending on the extractor device available. As shown in FIG. 4, the tube T removed from the mould is introduced into a tunnel furnace 5 comprising heating nozzles 6, of known type, regulated in order to keep the pipe at a constant temperature of between 250° and 450° C., for example at 350° C., for 5 to 120 minutes (portion d-e of the chilling curve of FIGS. 5 and 6), this maintaining time being approximately the same for all diameters of tubes, to within 10 minutes.
The time for maintaining the temperature is intended to obtain a homogeneous bainitic structure producing the optimum mechanical characteristics mentioned hereafter.
The tube T is supported in the furnace 5 by a conveyor chain 7, which may be of a type simultaneously ensuring the rotation of the tube about its own axis.
The last stage of the thermal treatment consists of rapid cooling in the atmosphere: upon the expiry of the period of maintaining bainitisation, the tube T is removed from the maintaining furnace 5 and left to cool in the atmosphere according to the portion e-f of the curves drawn in full line in FIGS. 5 and 6, which produces rapid cooling, in approximately 12 minutes, virtually down to ambient temperature. Chilling of the tube in stages is represented by the portions c-d-e-f of the cooling curve drawn in full line.
FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the advantages of the thermal treatment according to the invention, illustrated by the curves drawn in full line, with respect to previous known treatments, represented by the curves drawn in broken line. It can be seen that a considerable saving of time is achieved, but this is not the only advantage.
As shown by the curve drawn in broken line in FIG. 5, the conventional treatment for obtaining a bainitic structure of a part cast in a static manner (which is thus not a centrifugally cast tube) comprises a portion h-j-k-l similar to the portion c-d-e-f of the method of the invention, but staggered in time by approximately 1 to 2 hours owing to the two previous stages 0-g for austenitisation heating, which may last from 20 minutes to 2 hours depending on the applications and g-h for maintaining austenitisation at a temperature of approximately 1000° C., more generally between 800° and 1000° C. The previous known treatment thus requires the application of heat in order to bring the treated parts to the austenitisation temperature instead of treating the parts in the mould, immediately after their casting. It is thus clear that the method of the invention, by economising on heating for austenitisation, provides a considerable saving of energy with respect to a treatment of this type.
In FIG. 6, the thermal treatment of the invention is compared with the previous technique of thermal ferritisation treatment (annealing). The previous thermal treatment (curve drawn in broken line) has the portion a-b-c in common with the curve of the invention drawn in full line. Then, the remainder of the curve c-m-n-p-q is substantially different from the curve c-d-e-f of the method of the invention. In the process of ferritisation, the tube is left inside its centrifugal chill-mould according to the curve a-b-c-m: this corresponds to cooling at a moderate speed, owing to the external cooling of the centrifugal chill-mould and of the natural internal cooling of the centrifuged tube. The austenitic structure forms from a to c. Beyond c, this structure is not maintained, but cooling continues up to m, at which point one proceeds with the extraction from the chill-mould of the tube which has cooled sufficiently to prevent substantial ovalisation. This is followed by somewhat slower cooling in air until the tube is introduced into an annealing furnace for ferritisation at a temperature of the order of 750° C. As can be seen, the application of heat is necessary, inside the annealing furnace, in order to obtain the ferritic structure, according to the ascending part m-n of the curve, as well as for maintaining the temperature according to the portion n-p. This application of heat is substantially greater than that which is necessary for maintaining bainitisation according to the portion d-e of the curve drawn in full line, in the maintaining furnace 5 and this is all the more since the temperature for maintaining bainitisation is much lower (approximately 350° C.) than the temperature for maintaining ferritisation (approximately 750° C.). In particular, it will be noted that the temperature for maintaining bainitisation is sufficiently low for the extraction of the tube at this temperature to cause no problems and it is not necessary to re-heat this tube at the time of its introduction into the furnace 5. Consequently, with respect to the prior art for the thermal treatment of ferritisation for centrifuged cast-iron tubes, the method of the invention also allows an appreciable saving of energy.
On account of the rotation of the tube whilst it is still inside the centrifugal chill-mould, i.e. during the stages of thermal treatment represented by the portions a-b-c-d of the curves drawn in full line in FIGS. 5 and 6, thus during natural cooling and during chilling by spraying, cooling of the pipe is homogeneous.
The bainitic structure makes it possible to reduce the wall thickness and thus the unit weight of the tubes on account of its good mechanical properties. This substantial reduction of thickness is also advantageous as regards the homogeneity of cooling during the stages a-b-c-d and in particular for the aptitude for chilling: it ensures the efficiency of this chilling according to the stage c-d of the thermal treatment curve, throughout the entire thickness of the centrifugally cast tube, without it being necessary to add to the composition of the cast-iron, expensive metal elements having a chilling effect, i.e. facilitating chilling, such as molybdenum. In other words, the substantial reduction in thickness of centrifuged cast-iron tubes provides an appreciable saving as regards the composition of the cast-iron.
It has also been shown that the austenitisation and bainitisation treatment according to stages b-c-d of the thermal treatment curve of the tube T inside the centrifugal chill-mould prevents any deformation of the tube, thus any ovalisation whilst it is at a high temperature. In fact, the centrifugal chill-mould, serving as a support for the tube, preserves its perfectly cylindrical shape and this is despite the appreciable reduction of thickness which increases its tendency towards ovalisation. This tendency towards ovalisation would cause serious problems if the tube were extracted from the centrifugal chill-mould at a higher temperature, for example above 500° C.
Carrying out the thermal treatment according to the invention and more particularly the stage of spraying or atomizing water inside the cavity of the tube according to the portion c-d is particularly simple and economical with respect to a conventional hardening treatment in a bath of salt, which would also necessitate transportation of the tube from its chill-mould whilst it is still hot and handling to immerse the tube in a bath of salt. The method of the invention makes it possible to save on this handling and at the same time to prevent the danger of ovalisation which it involves.
The appreciable saving of time mentioned above makes it possible to increase the rates of manufacture of centrifugally cast tubes from spheroidal graphite cast-iron having a bainitic structure. Spraying the inside of the centrifugally cast pipe during the chilling stage reduces the residence time of the centrifugally cast tube in the centrifugal chill-mould. This is shown by comparing the two curves of FIG. 6, in which the extraction of the tube from the chill-mould is located at the point m in the prior art whereas it is located at the point d, 5 to 10 minutes previously, in the method of the invention.
For the centrifugal chill-mould this advantageously results in an appreciable reduction in the thermal stresses, since the heat to be discharged is approximately 30 to 40% less with respect to the prior art for the manufacture of tubes from cast-iron having a ferritic structure, owing to the discharge of heat through the spray water and the reduction in the quantity of cast-iron poured inside the chill-mould. Consequently, the life expectancy of the centrifugal chill-moulds, which are the largest and most expensive parts of the centrifugal casting equipment, should be extended considerably with respect to the prior art.
Finally, the tube of the invention cast centrifugally from spheroidal graphite cast-iron having a bainitic structure, despite its substantial reduction of thickness, which causes lightening facilitating its handling, preserves mechanical characteristics substantially equivalent to those of previous ferritic tubes at the cost of greater sensitivity to ovalisation, however this sensitivity remaining tolerable owing to the fact that the tube is not handled when it is at the high temperature prone to ovalisation.
As regards the mechanical characteristics of the tube according to the invention, the following table gives numerical examples of dimensions, weights, guaranteed working pressure and ovalisation for tubes intended to be buried at a depth of 4 meters and for large diameter pipes, i.e. greater than 700 mm nominal diameter. The values relating to the bainitic tube of the invention are compared with those of the prior art relating to a ferritic tube and a lightened ferritic tube. In this table, the coefficient K, defined by the international standard ISO 2531, characteristics the thickness of the tube according to the formula: e=K (0.5+0.001 D.N.) in which:
e=thickness of the tube wall in mm
DN=nominal diameter.
__________________________________________________________________________Large Diameter TubesDepth of covering provided = 4 metersPrior art ferritic and Prior art lightened Inventionperlitic tube ferritic tube Bainitic Tube(K = 9) (with coating)* lightened, coated* Ovali- Ovali- Ovali- sation sation sationwall Working under wall under wall Working underthick- mean pressure own thick- mean own thick- mean pressure ownNominalness weight PS weight ness weight PS weight ness weight PS weightDiametermm kg/m bars (%) mm kg/m bars (%) mm kg/m bars (%)__________________________________________________________________________ 800 11.5 211 28.5 0.09 8 147.8 23 0.22 5.9 109.3 29 0.561000 13.2 303 28 0.13 9.7 223.1 23.2 0.28 6.8 156.8 28.7 0.741200 15.0 412 27.5 11.3 311.3 23 7.9 218.2 28.5 0.901400 16.8 536 27.3 13.0 417.2 23.2 9.0 189.6 28.5 1.051600 18.5 677 26.9 14.5 531 23 10.0 367.2 28.4 1.211800 20.3 833 26.5 0.30 16.2 666.6 23 0.51 11.1 458 28.3 1.362000 22.1 1006 26.3 0.34 17.8 813 23 0.56 12.3 503.3 28 1.47__________________________________________________________________________ *in general, centrifugal inner coating of cement mortar and outer coating of black varnish.
The above table shows that the saving of unit weight which the invention makes it possible to obtain is much greater the greater the diameter of the tube.
By way of comparison and to the advantage of the tube having a bainitic structure of the invention, the mechanical characteristics obtained are as follows:
elastic limit 55 to 75 daN/mm2 (instead of approximately 30 for the ferritic structure)
elongation greater than 10% (like the ferritic tube);
breaking strength 70 to 110 daN/mm2 (ferritic tube 45 daN/mm2 approximately).
FIG. 7 shows a bainitic micrographic structure. In this structure, the black areas which can be seen in the upper and lower left-hand corners are parts of graphite nodules. The elongated forms resembling ferns are ferrite areas. It can be seen that they cover the major part of the surface of the micrograph. The largest white areas correspond to residual austenite. It will be seen that they cover only a small portion of the surface of the micrograph. It is the whole of this structure, recognizable solely with an enlargement of 1000 and not with an enlargement of 100, which is termed "bainitic".
By way of comparison, according to the micrograph of FIG. 8, with an enlargement of 100, when attacked with NITAL, this is a ferrito-perlitic spheroidal graphite cast-iron, containing 40% ferrite and 50% perlite, the remainder being spheroidal graphite. The round black areas are graphite nodules. The nodules are surrounded by white areas constituting the ferrite. The remaining grey areas are perlite. This is the structure of a centrifugally cast tube of conventional type.
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|Thomas W Curry
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|Wetzel Curry Thomas
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|Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schleudergiessen von rohren aus kugelgraphitgusseisen
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|Jan 31, 1989
|Pont-A-Mousson S.A.
|Method and installation for the continuous manufacture of pipes from spheroidal graphite cast-iron having a controlled structure
|Apr 23, 1996
|Jul 28, 1998
|Waugh; Tom W.
|Centrifugally cast pole and method
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|Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh
|Process and apparatus for the production of particles from castings which have solidified in an oriented manner
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|Centrifugally cast pole and method
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|U.S. Classification
|148/539, 164/114, 148/545, 148/323
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 29, 1983
Owner name: PONT-A-MOUSSON S.A., 91 AVENUE DE LA LIBERATION F
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BELLOCCI, RIO;REEL/FRAME:004194/0466
Effective date: 19830214
|Oct 15, 1987
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 7, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 1, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
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MEF is the global community for mobile content and commerce. It is the leading trade organisation for companies wishing to monetize their goods, services and digital products via the mobile connected device. Mobile Entertainment Africa is an annual event for Africa's mobile entertainment sector.
The two are seeking African innovators to enter the global Meffy competition, which honours global mobile innovators.
Judged by an independent and uniquely international panel of journalists, academics, analysts and VCs, the Meffys are described as the global benchmark for measuring success and rewarding innovation in mobile content and commerce.
Last year, more than 350 industry leaders from over 30 countries gathered in London to attend the Meffys, reflecting their stature as the premier global awards for the industry. The 13 award categories reflect mobile's ever-expanding role in consumers' lives and entries are being accepted until July 19th. All entries, and particularly the winners, will receive global exposure. All Amber, organiser of the Mobile Africa Entertainment event, has also agreed to sponsor the Meffys and as part of the agreement will cover the fees for 10 cutting-edge African mobile start-ups to enter themselves for the awards.
Rimma Perelmuter, MEF Executive Director commented: "Now in their 9th year, the Meffys enjoy an unrivalled heritage as the global awards for mobile content and commerce. MEF reviews the categories on an annual basis to reflect the industry's evolution and this year, we are recognising the profound impact of mobile on key verticals and consumers around the world. The exciting mobile innovations taking place in Africa are a perfect example of the mobile successes the Meffys recognises and we are looking forward to working with All Amber to raise awareness in sub-Saharan Africa."
Matthew Dawes, Managing Director of All Amber observed: "We're delighted to be working with MEF in promoting African mobile innovators to a global audience as a sponsor of the Meffys and appreciate their ongoing support of our conferences. It has been my primary aim since I founded this company to assist in facilitating the growth of the mobile sector on the continent. I believe that the innovations, products and services need to be recognised as being of an international standard and that's why we're happy to fund 10 Africa start-ups to enter the Meffys. We would strongly encourage anyone involved in mobile on the continent to carefully review the categories and submit an entry. The brand new Social Responsibility & Development Award will be of specific interest to African mobile developers, as will the Innovation Award for Growth Markets."
Furthermore, MEF will be utilising All Amber's high calibre events in South, West and East Africa to expand its global presence into sub-Saharan Africa. MEF's participation at the conferences will allow All Amber to bring MEF's international members, knowledge, analytics and best practice to the proceedings. Together, the organisations will work to support the mobile ecosystem across the continent and bolster the African presence within MEF's global community. This will commence with MEF's role as an official Supporting Organisation at All Amber's Mobile Entertainment Africa conference, which takes place in Cape Town on August 29th and 30th.
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The Admission Committee reviews academic credentials and admits only those who it believes will successfully complete the Juris Doctor degree program. Because the School of Law's mission is to admit and educate those who have been denied access to the bar, and who have demonstrated commitment to public service, the Committee's decisions are based on academic and non-academic criteria. The non-academic criteria include employment history; community service and volunteer work; family and educational background; family responsibilities; and recommendations that speak to the candidate's professional promise, judgment, integrity, character, skills, and leadership potential.
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Playhouse, October 27, 2010
The crunch of golden leaves under my feet and the sweater-temp mornings join to carry me to my childhood and the memories of those fall days. The county schools followed a fall break schedule that lasted several weeks – not for vacations or camps but for extra hands to help with harvesting.
In those days, cotton patches quilted the landscape so large numbers of farmers were concerned with getting their crops and livelihood harvested. Young and old were mobilized and handed a cotton sack to fit their size. The object: Fill it up with cotton, weigh it, empty it into the wagon and fill it again.
My days of pulling a cotton sack down a "thirty-mile" row were few but memorable. In fact, so memorable I don't relish thinking about the monotony of pulling the cotton from each stalk of spiney, sharp holders or the harsh contrast of frosty mornings and mid-day scorchers. Nothing was pleasant about the cotton patch to me, but not everyday was destined to be spent "by the sweat of the brow."
There were those wonderful fall days that my sister and I spent in the playhouse. The summer mosquitoes and intense heat had migrated elsewhere and left us with leaf-carpeted flooring and temperatures that made our open-air home a palace.
I smile to myself when I think how our youngest grandchildren would respond if given some empty cans, a few boards and bricks and two tarnished spoons. I feel sorry for them that they'll never understand the delight of getting empty spice tins and salt boxes for a playhouse kitchen shelf.
The blissful fall days in our playhouse always came to a close, and the routine of "book" education resumed. On one of those fall days, my sister and I walked away from our playhouse and never returned. It wasn't scheduled, even planned, but that part of our childhood was over forever. The next fall found us pursuing other interests.
There's a "no-returning" day ahead for all of us – a last day to walk out of the office – a last day to get ready for bed – a last day to walk to the mailbox – a last day to spend with family – a last day to eat the evening meal.
That's why preparation must be made for last days. Mortality stalks us all.
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The How and Why of Celiac Disease
Celiac expert Stefano Guandalini tells why you may need another celiac disease test, and more.
By Lara Rondinelli, RD, LDN, CDE
This month I had the pleasure of interviewing world-renowned celiac disease expert Stefano Guandalini, M.D. Guandalini is founder and medical director of the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center (http://www.celiacdisease.net/). His work resulted in the revision of 20-year-old guidelines for diagnosing celiac disease. These new guidelines are used worldwide both for pediatric and adult celiac patients. Guandalini joined the University of Chicago Department of Pediatrics in 1996, where he serves as section chief of the Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition.
What is your recommendation for giving patients with type 1 diabetes a celiac disease test?
Every patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes should be screened for celiac disease immediately after their diagnosis. The prevalence of celiac disease is higher among people with type 1 diabetes -- approximately 8 to 10 percent of have celiac disease.
I also recommend that, if a patient was given a celiac disease test immediately after diagnosis and tested negative, they should be retested for celiac disease periodically. Although a time frame for retesting is not formally recommended, in my opinion they should be retested for celiac disease every two to three years. The reason for this is that it has been found that approximately 7 to 8 percent of people with type 1 diabetes are diagnosed with celiac disease at the time of their first screening, but the prevalence of celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes progressively rises to 8 to10 percent 10 years after the initial testing.
Do we know the reason for the high prevalence of celiac disease among people with type 1 diabetes?
There are two likely reasons for the higher prevalence. First, certain autoimmune conditions share the same genetic predisposition. We know that both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease are autoimmune diseases, and they share genetic similarities. The second hypothesis is that celiac disease may "open the way" to other autoimmune conditions, such as Addison's disease or thyroid disease. This hypothesis, which has some evidence supporting it, is that the disturbed intestinal permeability (which occurs from intestinal damage when people with celiac disease consume gluten) may trigger other antigens to enter the bloodstream and lead to other autoimmune conditions. For instance, research has shown that among children newly diagnosed with celiac disease, approximately 50 percent had elevated auto-antibodies (which are produced in response to foreign substances entering the bloodstream). When these same children were treated with a gluten-free diet and examined one year later, most of the auto-antibodies returned to normal.
Do people with type 1 diabetes present with any unique symptoms of celiac disease?
No, and actually gastrointestinal symptoms may be minimal or absent in some people. We cannot rely on gastrointestinal symptoms for diagnosis of celiac disease. The next question people usually ask is: Do these people need to be on a gluten-free diet if they do not have symptoms of celiac disease? The answer is yes. This is not specific for those with type 1 diabetes, but there have been studies showing that if people continue to eat gluten after being diagnosed with celiac disease, they are at risk for developing other complications such as osteopenia, osteoporosis, iron deficiency anemia, fatigue, and more serious complications such as intestinal cancers.
Have you seen improved blood glucose control among patients with type 1 diabetes after being diagnosed and treated for celiac disease?
The gluten-free diet does not improve or worsen control of their diabetes.
Have you seen patients with type 1 diabetes presenting with more frequent hypoglycemia due to malabsorption of food when taking insulin?
No. Data obtained by looking at intestinal biopsies in patients with type 1 diabetes and celiac have shown that the vast majority of them do not have severe changes to their intestines. Since the intestinal damage is minimal, malabsorption is also typically minimal. However, some physicians have reported the occasional patient with more severe intestinal damage and malabsorption, leading to occasional hypoglycemia, before the institution of a gluten-free diet.
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This morning's MedPage alerted me to some controversy regarding additional treatment labeling for empagliflozin (Jardiance®) — and along with it, some questions about how type 2 diabetes should be treated. (Note: this is not to say that any of this is relevant to how your type 2 diabetes should be treated....


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Buckhorn leases part of Solo Cup plant
Brian Brown
, Reporter
Tuesday, October 22, 2013 5:23 AM
In March 2011, Solo Cup ceased operations at the facility that had employed 1,200 at its peak.
Last edited 4 p.m., Oct. 22, 2013
After sitting vacant since March 2011, plastic packaging systems manufacturer Buckhorn Inc. quietly took over 120,000 square feet at the former Solo Cup plant about a month ago.
Listed as a notable transaction in commercial real estate tracker Xceligent's third quarter
Market Trends Report
, the lease fills a portion of the nearly 1 million-square-foot manufacturing facility owned by Warren Davis Properties.
Larry Spilker, Buckhorn plant manager at 2727 N. Partnership Blvd., said the company has consolidated two 50,000-square-foot warehouses in north Springfield.
"Leases were up on those, so we went out and searched and ended up doing 120,000 square feet and moved out of our other locations," Spilker said, adding the facilities were located within a block of each other on North Oak Grove Street and East Jean Street. "That saves us from having people in two different locations. We've got everything in one place now."
Spilker said Buckhorn is not planning to move from its Springfield operations facility in the Partnership Industrial Center.
Patrick Harrington, listing agent for Warren Davis Properties, said while Buckhorn is the first tenant to fill a portion of the 720,000-square-foot building that faces Glenstone Avenue since the plant closed, there are two tenants that fill a substantial portion of the 1.35 million-square-foot Solo Cup complex. Harrington said 230,000 square feet has been leased by Springfield-based NewStream Enterprises, a division of SRC Holdings Corp., since May of last year. That building, which is connected to the main Glenstone-facing plant, can be accessed from Chestnut Expressway. SRC also has leased a 410,000-square-foot facility southeast of the main building on East Pythian Street since 2007.
According to WarrenDavisProperties.com, lease space available at the facility ranges from 68,700 square feet to 597,450 square feet at rates ranging from $2.75 per square foot to $10 per square foot.
In March 2011, Solo Cup ceased operations at the facility that had employed 1,200 at its peak, according to Springfield Business Journal archives. In August 2010, two months after Solo announced plans to close its doors, Davis Properties purchased the building.
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Military children view Muppets movie at White House
By Terri Moon Cronk, American Forces Press Service / Published March 14, 2014
Army Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, joins First Lady Michelle Obama and Kermit the Frog in welcoming military families to a screening of the new movie "Muppets Most Wanted" March 12, 2014, at the White House. The trio thanked military families for their service, strength and resilience. (DOD photo/Army Staff Sgt. Sean K. Harp)
First Lady Michelle Obama hosted military children and their families at the White House yesterday for a special screening of the Disney motion picture "Muppets Most Wanted," with an opening address by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Army Gen. Martin E. Dempsey.
The event was part of the Joining Forces initiative, established in April 2011 by the first lady and Dr. Jill Biden, Vice President Joe Biden's wife, to mobilize support for military families and veterans by all sectors of society.
"We want you to know how much we love the children of our men and women who serve in uniform," said Dempsey, who was accompanied by his wife, Deanie. "You guys are terrific. We couldn't do what we do without you."
The nation's top-ranking military officer had a few questions for the children before the movie.
"Why are teddy bears never hungry?" he asked them.
"Because they're always stuffed," a child called out.
"You're right," Dempsey said. "What do you call a pig that knows karate?"
"Pork chop," another answered.
"You guys are all over it," the chairman told the children. "You're ready for the movie. Finally, what is a frog's favorite kind of music?"
"Hip hop!" several kids answered.
"Well, I know this movie is going to be funnier than the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff," Dempsey joked.
Dempsey introduced the first lady as "someone very special to us as a military family -- someone who has spent her time in office with her husband making sure that we can take care of you," he said.
Obama said she wanted the children to know why their attendance at the White House was important.
"We are incredibly proud of you," she said, also acknowledging the presence of their parents and Gold Star family members. "I meet a lot of kids, and I am most impressed by our military kids, because I know you guys have a lot on your plates.
"When your parents are deployed, you have to be big boys and girls," she continued. "You have to get your homework done. You have to stay out of trouble. You have to help out with your brothers and sisters. You have to behave. You have to be strong and brave."
Obama said she is impressed with how the children handle those tasks, "in a way that makes us proud."
"You guys are heroes," she added. "So we thought you should be some of the first kids in the entire country that sees one of the best, coolest movies on the planet."
But before the movie started, Obama said there was another "extra special" guest in the house, as she introduced the Muppets character Kermit the Frog, who stars in the movie.
"I would have been here sooner," Kermit said as he joined Obama and Dempsey on the stage. "But it took me a while to get through security. And I still don't understand how a frog with no clothes could set off a metal detector."
Kermit told the children it isn't always easy being green. "And sometimes it's not easy for you guys -- for your moms and dads who wear a green uniform, a blue or white one. But you guys have to be just as tough as them."
Military children often move from town to town every couple of years and have to make new friends, Kermit noted. "I know you wish your mom and dad could be around more than they are. But because of that, you're all strong and brave and very grown-up, and that's very cool. And I wish I had been that cool when I was a tadpole."
Dempsey awarded the "senior Muppet" with his personal challenge coin to honor what he's done for military children. "Kermit, on behalf of the armed forces, and especially on behalf of this group of great Soldier, Sailor, Airman, Marine spouses and children, I'd like to give you this coin," he said.
"You are all amazing," Kermit told the audience as the movie commenced. "I may not be a Marine, but I am marine life. I salute you."
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I Capture the Castle
- Directed by Tim Fywell
I Capture the Castle review
I Capture the Castle
Cassandra Mortmain lives in a castle, along with her elder sister Rose, who is beautiful, her smart and slightly geeky younger brother, Thomas, their stepmother, Topaz, who may be the fairest of them all, but certainly isn't evil, and their famous novelist father, James Mortmain, who hasn't written a single word since his instant classic book, Jacob Wrestling, was published over ten years earlier.
While Topaz, a former artists model, communes with nature, and attempts to inspire her husband, James, Rose finds herself longing to be somewhere other than the castle. The family has next to no income, and has begun selling off the furniture to buy food. Being slightly younger, Cassandra feels less trapped and frustrated by this than Rose, although she can't deny that sometimes she wishes the family could be more comfortable. She, and their brother, completely understands when Rose threatens to bargain with the devil to get them out of their current predicament.
It seems that Rose's wish has come true when the family discover that the previous owner of the castle, to whom they were supposed to pay rent, had died, and left the manor, and his money, to the elder of his two young, handsome, eligible nephews.
And so, the entire family concentrates on Rose marrying Simon Cotton. Luckily, by the time he actually proposes, she's fallen in love with him. Unfortunately, so has Cassandra.
Dodie Smith's novel of the same name, on which I Capture the Castle was based, took the form of Cassandra's journal, in which she captures her experiences, and the film is mainly told through her point of view.
The film is a surprisingly faithful adaptation. Coming of age stories tend to be more character than plot driven, and the cast manage to bring the Mortmain's and those they come into contact with to life perfectly.
All of the characters look very much as they were described in the book, particularly Simon Cotton, played by Henry Thomas. Rose Byrne, as Rose Mortmain, and Marc Blucas, as Neil Cotton, have great chemistry, although Romola Garai, as Cassandra, was slightly disappointing. Topaz, played by Tara Fitzgerald, and James Mortmain, played by Bill Nighy, are absolutely perfect.
The castle itself is as much a character as the cast, and once again, it's absolutely perfect, as are the costumes and general atmosphere.
In summary, I Capture the Castle manages to capture Dodie Smith's novel perfectly, and imbue it with a new sort of life. Reminiscent of Jane Eyre or Pride and Prejudice, yet much more easily related to, I Capture the Castle greatly exceeded my expectations.
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Mike Ditka believes the pressure is getting to Chicago Bears quarterback Jay Cutler.
Cutler, who has been sacked an NFL-high 27 times this season, threw four interceptions to DeAngelo Hall -- including one he returned 92 yards for a touchdown -- in the Bears' 17-14 loss to the Washington Redskins on Sunday. He also lost a fumble on a quarterback sneak at the 1-yard line.
"You're going to make a mistake once in awhile. The first thing we learned under [former Dallas Cowboys coach Tom] Landry is if you're going to throw the football you've got to protect the quarterback. And if you can't protect the quarterback, run the football. I don't know how to put it any other way. We've come to this technical game now in pro football where everybody wants to throw it all over the ballpark. That's all fine and well if you've got receivers, a good quarterback and you can protect him. But if you can't protect him, don't mess with it."
A week after rushing 14 times against the Seahawks, the Bears ran the ball 16 times for 66 yards against the Redskins and are second to last in the NFL with 22.3 attempts a game. The lack of a running game was particularly confusing to Ditka because the game was close throughout.
"It was like the game was there for anybody to take," the former Bears coach said. "It wasn't like Washington blew them out or anything. It was a three-point game. All they had to do was mount a couple drives and get a little consistency. They never did it. I'm not going to sit here and pick on them. I'm sure they are looking at the stuff [Monday] as a coaching staff and say, 'Man, how did we get to here?'"
Ditka said he sees a difference in offensive coordinator Mike Martz's play-calling with the Bears dropping two straight games and three of their past four.
"Mike Martz has backed off the offense a lot in the last couple weeks," Ditka said. "If you watch what they're doing they're not in the spread-out formations. They're sitting there in I [formation] and split backs, they've got three receivers with the tight end split out. But they're not really spread out all over the field. I think he's reined it in quite a bit. I don't care what you do, if you can't execute it ... on paper it all looks good, but if you don't execute it's not very much fun.


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Comfort Inn Near Plano Medical Center, Plano
- Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 65 smoke-free guestrooms
- 24-hour fitness center
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Front desk safe
- Laundry service
- Multilingual staff
- Free newspapers in the lobby
- TV in a common area
What's around
- Heart of Plano
- University of Texas at Dallas (4.4 mi / 7.1 km)
- Shops at Willow Bend (3.4 mi / 5.5 km)
- Arbor Hills Nature Preserve (5.4 mi / 8.7 km)
- Mary Kay Museum (5.3 mi / 8.6 km)
- Cavanaugh Flight Museum (5.4 mi / 8.7 km)
For families
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Private bathroom
- Premium TV channels
- Free toiletries
- Daily housekeeping
Comfort Inn Near Plano Medical Center, Plano
Hotel Info: 855-239-9246from $94
- Standard Doubles
- Standard Room, 2 Queen Beds, Non Smoking
- Standard King
- Standard Room, 1 King Bed with Sofabed, Non Smoking
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 65 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-2 AM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 21
Travelling with others
- Up to 2 children (18 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms
- Free self parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Two Star Plano hotels
In the hotel
- Free buffet breakfast daily
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Designated smoking areas
- Television in common areas
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Private bathroom
- Bathtub only
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Flat-screen TV
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
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"Our experience here was great, very nice room with great beds. thank you!"Jun 17, 2016
- Hyatt Regency DallasFrom
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- Courtyard Dallas Medical/Market CenterFrom
"Beds and pillows extremely comfortable; food very good."Jun 16, 2016
- Hilton Dallas/Rockwall LakefrontFrom
"in town for son's graduation and knew about this hotel from the years we lived in Rockwall. Close, clean, and comfortable "Jun 15, 2016
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Comfort Inn Near Plano Medical Center, Plano's small print
Also known as
- Comfort Inn Hotel Plano
- Comfort Inn Plano
- Comfort Inn Near Plano Medical Hotel Plano
- Comfort Inn Plano Hotel
- Plano Comfort Inn
Mandatory fees
Deposit: USD 25.00 per stay
Optional extras
Early check-in can be arranged for an extra charge of USD 10.00
Late check-out can be arranged for an extra charge of USD 15.00
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
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text:
If you know the PIN please input it and submit.If you do not have the PIN, please click here to request it from slavechris2001.
Chest whipping 1
Chest whipping
- Runtime:
- 0:49
- Views:
- 9513
- Date:
- 4 years ago
- Rating:
- (36 votes) 98%
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Comments (12)
Top Comments
Brave, lucky and cute slave!
All Comments
Love your nipples
Disa***** Account
This bitch slave should thank his Master.
Very nice strong whipping.
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Good *****!
Great set-up, with hood, and the overhead chains for the wrists. especially liked the extra chains to reduce the motion side-to-side, making the arms more secure and stretched in place to keep the body oriented to make the chest available for the strikes. the blows were expertly delivered, and well received. thanks for making this video and sharing it with us! all the best for more hard adventures.


text:
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StartUpHire is the place to find Professional Services Intern jobs. Review the list of Professional Services Intern career opportunities to the left. These Professional Services Intern jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
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Job ID 2016-1790 Job Locations US-CO-Colorado Springs Job Posted Date 2/5/2016 More information about this job Overview DataDirect Networks (DDN.com) is a world leader in massively scalable storage. We are the leading provider of data storage and processing solutions and6/20/2016 Colorado Springs, CO Save This Job
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text:
We keep pushing every day
With all of our losses this season, it is getting harder and harder to think about what to blog about. The season has been disappointing so far, to say the least. Most of our losses are close games where we've lost by a possession or two.
Coming into the season, everyone, including me and my team, had high expectations for us. We were a Top 25 team and a top-three contender in the Pac-12. Now, at 15-12 overall and 5-11 in the conference, my team sits at the bottom few of the Pac-12.
We want to take back every missed box out and missed easy shot, but we can't. The fact that we can't change the past really hurts. But, with all of the injuries, frustrations and losses that this season has presented us, we continue to fight.
The fight of a Buffalo is what keeps us pushing every day. We won't throw in the towel because it is not in our blood. Colorado Buffaloes fight until the end and push through any and all adversity. The season is still not over, and I am positive we can do damage in this final stretch of conference and in Pac-12 tournament play.
I'm not just saying this because I am only hoping. I truly believe we can win every game we play. I am confident in my team, and I know that with our Colorado fight, anything can and will be done.
In our game Sunday against Arizona, we did not come out ready to play. Arizona could not miss and it was ready to win on its senior night. We ended up being down 20 early and fought our way back, ending the half down by 16. We were really disappointed in our play and knew we had to fight even harder.
Second half rolled around and we were the old Colorado we used to consistently play like. We fought back and ended up winning in overtime. We held Arizona to just 17 points after halftime! We played great, solid defense and executed on offense.
This game was unlike any other for us. We played with more passion and fight than we had in a long time, and we finally finished a game. It is not a secret that our team has been struggling, but we held our own and pushed through. Maybe this is a positive sign for us. You all will just have to watch and see.
Just a little reminder for anyone else who is struggling in their respective practice: When you dream big and reach for the moon, if you fail, you will land amongst the stars. So never give up, no matter how hard the situation might be. Fight like us Buffaloes and things will always work out in the end.


text:
Telephone & Addresses
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Badshah Khan
04239 Jay ME
Badshah Khan
90503 Torrance CA
Badshah B Khan (Age: 70)
95953 Live Oak CA
Badshah Khan
View Badshah's social profiles and photos on Facebook, MySpace, and +40 Networks.
Yellow Page contacts
Network Profiles
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LinkedIn: Badshah Khan - Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan - One of the ...
For the last few weeks, lot of discussions and debates are going on in different forums on the great leaders of India. While watching and reading ...
Private Homepages
Prize Bond & JOO Music Tips
Prize Bond & JOO Music Tips
classmates: Syed Jawed Badshah Khan
Benson County Agricultural & Training School, Maddock, ND, 1996-2000
Celebrities & Politicians
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IMDB Filmography: Badshah Khan
Writer, Lateef
IMDB Filmography: Badshah Khan (Character) - IMDb
Badshah Khan (Character) on IMDb: Movies, TV, Celebs, and more...
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Genealogy for Badshah Khan (deceased) family tree on Geni, with over 150 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
GUL BADSHAH KHAN - Genealogy
View GUL BADSHAH KHAN's genealogy family tree on Geni, with over 150 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
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A Man to Match His Mountains: Badshah Khan, Nonviolent Soldier of...
Obscure? Well, maybe. But after four people told me this book was a must in as many weeks, I took a copy home. Now I'm telling others, You have to read this!...
My life and struggle: autobiography of Badshah Khan - Abdul Ghaffar...
My life and struggle: autobiography of Badshah Khan. Front Cover. Abdul Ghaffar Khan, K. B. Narang. Hind Pocket Books, 1969 - Biography & Autobiography ...
Muslim Women: Problems and Prospects - Google Books
Despite the fact that Muslim Women are among the most backward sections of Indian Society, they have not received adequate attention of the Government, social...
Protest, Power, and Change: An Encyclopedia of Nonviolent Action from...
From Solidarity's passive/aggressive faceoff with communism to the courageous sit-ins and marches of the Civil Rights Movement, here is the first systematic...
Badshah Khan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Jalal ...
Preview, buy, and download songs from the album Badshah Khan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack), including "Cha Bah Saweli Na Kaval," "Chilam Kari Dak ...
Badshah Khan | ReverbNation
Hip Hop music, lyrics, and videos from PK on ReverbNation
Ravan Vadh by Badshah Khan on iTunes
Preview buy and download songs from the album Ravan Vadh including "Ravan Vadh." Buy the album for $9.99.
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File:Badshah Khan.jpg. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Jump to: navigation, search. File; File history; File usage on ...
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View Badshah Khan's professional profile. Publications: 3 | Citations: 4 Field Rating: 1. Fields of study: Medicine
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Twitter Posts: Kunal (kunal_ak47)
2011.12.30 @iamsrk ....as far as criticism is concerned. YOU ARE THE KING OF BOLLYWOOD. LOVE YOU "BADSHAH KHAN" & Now waiting for Mr.Chopra's with you.
Wikiquote Quotes: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan - Wikiquote
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (in Pashto خان عبد) الغفار خان)) (date of Birth 1890 – 20 January 1988), also known as or Badshah Khan ("King Khan") was a pashtun ...
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2011.12.27 RT @ArchanaaPania: Yaar, people r genuinely liking #Don2! I shock!guess humare mall generation me, a good looking stylish film, wid badshah khan is gR8 enuph:@
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Nonviolent Soldier of Islam: Badshah Khan, A Man to Match His Mountains. by Sri Eknath Easwaran $16.95, 276 pages. Nilgiri Press, 1999.
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text:
Genre: Sitcom
Summary: This long-running animated comedy focuses on the eponymous family in the town of Springfield in an unnamed U.S. state. The head of the Simpson family, Homer, is not a typical family man. A nuclear-plant employee, he does his best to lead his family but often finds that they are leading him. The family includes loving, blue-haired matriarch Marge, troublemaking son Bart, overachieving daughter Lisa and baby Maggie. Other Springfield residents include the family's religious neighbor, Ned Flanders, family physician Dr. Hibbert, Moe the bartender and police chief Clancy Wiggum.
|Episode Online Video
Homer vs. the 18th Amendment
S08, E18 (First Aired:
Homer and friends reintroduce a speak-easy to Springfield when an old Prohibition law is enforced; Homer reinvents himself as the Beer Baron.
The Dad Who Knew Too Little
S14, E08 (First Aired:
Homer hires a private detective to spy on Lisa so he can get to know more about her.
Simple Simpson
S15, E19 (First Aired:
Homer confronts Springfield's evildoers in the form of his crime-fighting alter ego, the Pie Man.
The Debarted
S19, E13 (First Aired:
Bart suspects that one of his friends is a rat when his seemingly fool-proof pranks start to backfire; Homer grows very attached to the fancy loaner car he gets after Marge damages their vehicle in an accident.
The Bob Next Door
S21, E22 (First Aired:
Bart becomes convinced that his new neighbor is actually archenemy Sideshow Bob; to convince him that he is wrong, Marge takes Bart to the state penitentiary.
At Long Last Leave
S23, E14 (First Aired:
When the Simpsons are kicked out of Springfield, they join an off-the-grid community near by; Homer and Marge's former friends react badly when they try to sneak back into town.
Hardly Kirk-ing
S24, E13 (First Aired:
Bart and Milhouse explore the perks of adulthood following a shaving experiment; Marge tries to save Maggie from the dangers of children's TV; includes a broadcast of Oscar-nominated short film ``Maggie Simpson in: The Longest Daycare.''
Sky Police
S26, E16 (First Aired:
When Chief Wiggum uses a military jet pack to fight crime, he ends up crashing it into the church, leaving Marge and the congregation to resort to gambling to raise money for the repairs.
S07, E24 (First Aired:
Homer takes Bart and Lisa to a rock concert featuring Smashing Pumpkins, Sonic Youth, Cypress Hill and Peter Frampton.
King of the Hill
S09, E23 (First Aired:
Homer accepts a company's challenge to scale Springfield's steepest mountain, the Murderhorn.
Simpsons Bible Stories
S10, E18 (First Aired:
While listening to one of Reverend Lovejoy's sermons on a sweltering Easter Sunday morning, the Simpsons fall asleep and envision themselves as characters from the Bible.
S12, E09 (First Aired:
An operation to remove a crayon wedged in Homer's brain makes him intelligent.
Homer the Father
S22, E12 (First Aired:
When Homer insists Bart must earn the new dirt bike he wants, Bart comes up with a scheme; James Lipton interviews a TV cast.
How I Wet Your Mother
S23, E16 (First Aired:
When Homer's bed-wetting worsens, his family tries to infiltrate his dreams to find the source of the problem.
Love Is a Many Splintered Thing
S24, E12 (First Aired:
Mary Spuckler (guest voice Zooey Deschanel) returns to Springfield and pulls Bart's heartstrings once again; Homer winds up in the dog house.
Days of Future Future
S25, E18 (First Aired:
In the future, a new clone of Homer is created each time he dies, Lisa's husband is a zombie-version of Milhouse and Bart has custody issues with his ex-wife.
Let's Go Fly a Coot
S26, E20 (First Aired:
Grampa shares stories about his time in the Air Force; Bart starts smoking in an effort to impress Millhouse's cousin.
The Kids Are All Fight
S26, E19 (First Aired:
The family goes on a trip down memory lane when Homer gets an old roll of film developed -- revealing the origin of Lisa and Bart's rivalry.
The Lastest Gun in the West
S13, E12 (First Aired:
Bart and Lisa try to help an old cowboy actor (guest voice Dennis Weaver), who yearns to reclaim his past fame, by booking him on Krusty's show.
Bart-Mangled Banner
S15, E21 (First Aired:
Bart gets the family thrown in jail when he moons the American flag.
Lisa With an 'S'
S27, E07 (First Aired:
When Homer loses $5,000 to Broadway legend Laney Fontaine in a poker game, he settles the debt by loaning out Lisa for a month; Laney transforms Lisa into a show-biz kid.
Dead Putting Society
S02, E06 (First Aired:
Homer bets that Bart will beat Flanders' son in a miniature-golf tournament.
Lisa's Pony
S03, E08 (First Aired:
Homer's guilt prompts him to fulfill Lisa's dream of owning a pony.
Scenes From the Class Struggle in Springfield
S07, E14 (First Aired:
Marge joins Springfield's social elite and becomes obsessed with maintaining her new status.
The Homer They Fall
S08, E03 (First Aired:
Homer turns to a career in pro boxing when he discovers he has a genetic condition that protects his brain from injury.
Little Girl in the Big Ten
S13, E20 (First Aired:
Lisa befriends college girls who are unaware of her age; Bart must live in a bubble after being bitten by a Chinese mosquito.
The Great Wife Hope
S21, E03 (First Aired:
The men of Springfield become obsessed with mixed martial arts; Marge and her friends decide to stage a protest.
Gorgeous Grampa
S24, E14 (First Aired:
When Grampa's former life as a pro-wrestler comes to light, Mr. Burns convinces him to stage a comeback; Bart starts adopting some of Grampa's characters' bad habits.
Yellow Badge of Cowardge
S25, E22 (First Aired:
Bart feel guilty when Nelson helps him win a race, besting Milhouse; when the July 4th fireworks are canceled due to budget constraints, Homer tries to help.
Krusty Gets Busted
S01, E12 (First Aired:
Krusty is accused of robbing the Kwik-E-Mart, thanks to witness Homer Simpson, but Bart is convinced that his hero is innocent and with Lisa's help, sets out to prove it.
Two Cars in Every Garage and Three Eyes on Every Fish
S02, E04 (First Aired:
The Simpsons ruin Mr. Burns' chance of being elected governor.
Flaming Moe's
S03, E10 (First Aired:
A local bartender becomes rich and famous using Homer's recipe for a flaming drink.
So It Has Come to This: The Simpsons Clip Show
S04, E18 (First Aired:
A practical joke puts Homer in the hospital, where the family flashes back.
Marge on the Lam
S05, E06 (First Aired:
Marge and her new neighbor have a girls' night out and end up on the wrong side of the law.
Lisa's Rival
S06, E02 (First Aired:
Lisa's world turns upside down when she learns that a new classmate can play the saxophone better.
Radioactive Man
S07, E02 (First Aired:
Milhouse and Bart vie for a role in a Hollywood film being made in Springfield.
Grade-School Confidential
S08, E19 (First Aired:
Bart exposes an affair between Principal Skinner and Mrs. Krabappel after a failed attempt at blackmail.
Dumbbell Indemnity
S09, E16 (First Aired:
Homer and Moe devise an insurance scam to impress Moe's girlfriend with money.
When You Dish Upon a Star
S10, E05 (First Aired:
Homer bumbles into a celebrity couple's life and becomes their personal assistant.
Missionary: Impossible
S11, E15 (First Aired:
Homer is forced to become a missionary on a remote island after he pledges a large sum of money to PBS.
Day of the Jackanapes
S12, E13 (First Aired:
Through hypnosis, Sideshow Bob turns Bart into a killing machine.
Home Away From Homer
S16, E20 (First Aired:
The Flanders rent their rumpus room to a pair of college-age women who use it to run a soft-core webcam, making Ned so embarrassed that he moves his family to Humble, Pa.
My Fair Laddy
S17, E12 (First Aired:
When Bart accidentally destroys Willie's shack with a game of solid-ice dodge ball, Marge takes in the homeless janitor.
You Kent Always Say What You Want
S18, E22 (First Aired:
Ned wages an anti-indecency campaign against Kent Brockman.
Dial `N' for Nerder
S19, E14 (First Aired:
Marge hires a nutritionist, who puts Homer on a diet, but Homer decides to sneak in snacks on the side; the prank Bart and Lisa play on Martin Prince goes terribly wrong.
Coming to Homerica
S20, E21 (First Aired:
Homer forms a border patrol group when unemployed workers from Ogdenville come to Springfield.
To Surveil, With Love
S21, E20 (First Aired:
When radiation is released into the city, authorities suspend civil liberties; tired of being blonde, Lisa dyes her hair a darker color.
Half-Decent Proposal
S13, E10 (First Aired:
Marge's wealthy ex-boyfriend offers Homer $1 million for a weeklong tryst with her.
The Ziff Who Came to Dinner
S15, E14 (First Aired:
Marge's old flame Artie Ziff (guest voice Jon Lovitz) moves in after losing his dot-com fortune; after Homer wins the remaining shares of Artie's company, he becomes the subject of an investigation.
Blame It on Lisa
S13, E15 (First Aired:
The family travels to Rio de Janeiro to see Lisa's sponsored orphan.
You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee
S25, E16 (First Aired:
When Lisa praises Homer's integrity, he is asked to be a World Cup referee; a slick gangster tests Homer's honesty.
Marge Gamer
S18, E17 (First Aired:
When Marge starts using the Internet, she joins a popular role-playing fantasy game; Homer volunteers to referee Lisa's soccer game.
Lisa's First Word
S04, E10 (First Aired:
While teaching Maggie to talk, the Simpsons reminisce about Lisa's first word.
The Old Man and the C Student
S10, E20 (First Aired:
When Bart causes Springfield to lose the Olympic Games, he is forced to volunteer at a retirement home.
Boy Meets Curl
S21, E12 (First Aired:
Homer and Marge compete as part of a curling team at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
The Bart Wants What It Wants
S13, E11 (First Aired:
When wealthy Greta Wolfcastle (guest voice Reese Witherspoon) develops a crush on Bart, her father, Ranier, gives Bart's family the royal treatment.
The D'oh-cial Network
S23, E11 (First Aired:
Lisa is called to trial after her online social networking site creates dysfunction in the community; Patty and Selma compete in a rowing event.
Mother Simpson
S07, E08 (First Aired:
Homer encounters his mother after faking his own death so he can enjoy Saturday at home instead of helping co-workers collect litter on Mr. Burns' stretch of highway.
This Little Wiggy
S09, E18 (First Aired:
Bart befriends Ralph Wiggum and goes on an adventure through the city with Wiggum's master key.
Make Room for Lisa
S10, E16 (First Aired:
Sharing a room with Bart stresses Lisa; Marge eavesdrops on cellular phone conversations.
Hungry Hungry Homer
S12, E15 (First Aired:
Homer goes on a hunger strike for the Springfield baseball team.


text:
Circular version of a logo I've done for a small music festival in Norway.
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text:
I have several places where I use
Time.parse(string).strftime("%m%d%Y") to get the date of different strings.
Occasionally these strings can be empty
''. When I parse an empty string with
Time.parse it gives me the current date.
I need a way to stop this from happening and return
'' or nothing. Is there a solution to my problem?
require 'Time'
s = ''
=> "04232013"
I'm using Ruby 1.8.7 (2010-12-23 patchlevel 330) [i386-mingw32]