text:
Queensland police are interviewing four people over Brisbane's rat poison scare but say there have been no further threats.
Topics: police, crime, brisbane-4000, chermside-4032
Posted| Updated
Tasmanian timber company Gunns Limited has been ordered to pay preliminary legal costs to defendants in the 'Gunns 20' case.
Topics: courts-and-trials, business-economics-and-finance, rain-forests-and-forest, forestry, hobart-7000, launceston-7250
Posted| Updated
The Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU) has paid tens of thousands of dollars to a building firm to avoid being sued for urging its members to take unlawful industrial action.
Topics: unions, industrial-relations, perth-6000
Posted| Updated
The ex-wife of the man accused of murdering Janelle Patton has told the Norfolk Island court she had several telephone conversations with him around the time that Ms Patton was killed.
Topics: courts-and-trials, norfolk-island-2899, orange-2800, sydney-2000
Posted| Updated
The Princes Highway was closed for six hours last night after a gas tanker was involved in a spectacular crash north of Bega.
An island in the Furneaux Group is up for sale with a price tag of just over $3 million.
Topics: human-interest, business-economics-and-finance, launceston-7250
Posted| Updated
British 19-year-old Andy Murray has played himself into a second round match with compatriot Tim Henman at the Toronto Masters.
Topics: tennis, united-states, united-kingdom
Caloundra City Council has been asked to explain the disappearance of about $16 million from its water infrastructure reserve account.
Topics: local-government, water, caloundra-4551
Posted| Updated
Melbourne coach Neil Daniher hopes last weekend's surprise loss to Carlton will jolt the club back into form ahead of the finals.
Topics: australian-football-league, melbourne-3000
A Sydney man accused of training with a terrorist organisation will stand trial after he failed in his latest attempt to have the charge against him dropped.
Topics: courts-and-trials, terrorism, sydney-2000
Melbourne coach Neil Daniher hopes last weekend's surprise loss to Carlton will jolt the club back into form ahead of the finals.
Topics: australian-football-league, melbourne-3000
Posted| Updated
Police doctors have decided a 20-year-old man being detained following the death of a Melbourne taxi driver is unfit to be questioned.
Topics: crime, police, melbourne-3000
Posted| Updated
Police in Ballina say they are not ruling out the possibility that a body found on a local beach yesterday is that of a fisherman who has been missing for more than a week.
Topics: maritime, police, ballina-2478, coffs-harbour-2450
A traditional Aboriginal man from the Northern Territory has been jailed for 20 months for beating his wife with a wheel spanner last year.
Topics: courts-and-trials, terrorism, port-augusta-5700, sydney-2000, alice-springs-0870
As the Government gets set to roll out its do-not-call register, the exemption of charities has some questioning the methods they use to raise funds.
Topics: advertising, charities, federal-government, australia
Federal Coalition backbenchers opposed to a plan for offshore processing of all asylum seekers have come under attack from their colleagues.
Topics: refugees, federal-government, liberals, social-policy, australia
The Commonwealth Bank, the second biggest bank in Australia, has reported a profit of almost $4 billion.
The Prime Minister says offering a subsidy for the conversion of vehicles to LPG is one of a number of methods being considered to circumvent high petrol prices.
Topics: oil-and-gas, federal-government, greenhouse-gas, australia
The Central Queensland Ports Authority says recent delays in shipping coal from Gladstone are not due to expansion work at the port.
Topics: transport, gladstone-4680
The Shire of Broome is trying to trigger community interest in the naming of dozens of reserves and parks in the town.
Topics: local-government, broome-6725
Lebanese police say an Israeli air raid has killed six people and wounded 28 others just 500 metres away from a funeral service for 14 people killed a day earlier.
Topics: unrest-conflict-and-war, foreign-affairs, lebanon, israel
Posted| Updated
Debate has started in Parliament over the Federal Government's controversial proposal to extend offshore processing to all asylum seekers who reach Australia boat.
Topics: immigration, federal-government, australia
Fierce fighting is continuing in southern Lebanon between Israeli troops and Hezbollah guerillas, in an area previously declarded clear of Hezbollah militia.
Topics: unrest-conflict-and-war, foreign-affairs, lebanon, israel
Nationals member for Burnett, Rob Messenger, says changes to the leadership in the Queensland Liberals will boost the Coalition's chances of winning the next election.
Topics: states-and-territories, bundaberg-4670
The Bundaberg City Council has given the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) until next Monday to advise them of their position on the Turtle Interpretive Centre, or they are taking the issue to Queensland Premier Peter Beattie.
Topics: local-government, bundaberg-4670


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EUR-Lex Access to European Union law
Here you find answers to the most important questions.
1. What can I find in EUR-Lex?
The database covers many types of texts produced mostly by the institutions of the European Union, but also by Member States, EFTA, etc.
The content is divided into sectors: 1 – Treaties, 2 – International agreements, 3 – Legislation, 4 – Complementary legislation, 5 – Preparatory acts, 6 – Case-law, 7 – National implementing measures, 8 – References to national case-law concerning EU law, 9 – Parliamentary questions, 0 – Consolidated legislation, C – Other documents published in the Official Journal C series, E – EFTA documents.
For a detailed overview go to: Types of documents in EUR-Lex.
Legislative procedures are also part of the EUR-Lex database. Follow the life cycle of a particular legislative proposal from the moment it is launched until it becomes law. You can also view the documents involved, details about the stage of the procedure, the decisions by each institution, the departments responsible, etc.
2. How should I create links to EUR-Lex?
Find out all details about how to access documents and XML notices through the new EUR-Lex URI server.
3. How often is EUR-Lex updated?
EUR-Lex is updated daily.
The electronic version of the Official Journal is uploaded in PDF, together with its signature on the day of its publication.
Contents are then processed for their individual inclusion in the database which involves detailed legal and bibliographic analysis. Even though individual documents can be loaded the very same day of publication accompanied with a limited number of analytical data (title and publication reference), the complete set of analytical data is loaded within three working days. This explains why there is a short time lapse between the appearance of the Official Journal itself and the subsequent availability of the individual acts for searching.
The frequency of updates of other documents varies because they come from different sources.
4. What are the series, subseries and special editions of the Official Journal?
The Official Journal of the European Union (OJ) is the main source of EUR-Lex content. It appears in the official EU languages.
There are 2 series:
- L – Legislation
- C - Information and notices (C stands for French 'communications').
- A - an OJ that is an annex to another OJ
- I – a one-off (isolated) OJ
- M - a special edition in Maltese, or an edition that is part of a backlog in a given language.
Within these series, there are 3 subseries:
Find out more about OJ L and C series
An OJ number comprises:
- the letter denoting the series – L or C
- followed by up to 3 digits
- in some cases, followed by the letter denoting the subseries.
See the table below.
|Series L
(i.e. OJ L 067)
|Contains EU legislation.
(i.e. OJ L 011I)
|A subseries introduced to make the planning and numbering of OJ more flexible. First used on 16 January 2016 (L 011I).
(i.e. OJ L 118M)
|The M subseries has so far been used only to publish the backlog of Maltese-language material as, by derogation, not all acts were published in Maltese initially, after Malta joined the EU in 2004.
|Series C
(Information and notices)
(i.e. OJ C 100)
|Other official documents from the EU institutions, bodies and agencies.
(i.e. OJ C 019A)
|Contains vacancy notices and calls for expressions of interest. Can be published in one, several or all official languages.
(i.e. OJ C 015I)
|A subseries introduced to make the planning and numbering of OJ more flexible. First used on 16 January 2016 (C 015I).
Historical series
- A and P - for legislative acts published before 1967.
- CE - for electronic documents published between 1999 and 2014.
|Historical series A and P
(i.e. OJ A 038)
|'A' stands for French 'antérieur' , i.e. before the European Communities were set up. It covers legislative acts dating from 1952 to April 1958.
(i.e. OJ P 050)
|'P' stands for French 'postérieur', i.e. after the European Communities were set up. It covers legislative acts dating from May 1958 to 1967.
(i.e. OJ C 296E)
For electronic versions only.
Published between 31 August 1999 and 31 March 2014, originally at the Commission's request, for COM documents. Later, the subseries was also used by:
Documents which would once have been published in this subseries are now part of the C series.
|Special editions
There is also a Special edition. This contains all the translated secondary legislation adopted before a country joins the EU, which is thus in force on the date of its accession. The process of translating and publishing acts starts before accession and is usually completed shortly after.
Special editions comprise 20 chapters following the Directory of EU legislation in force. Each contains one or more volumes.
Once a country has joined, the acts published in the special edition can also be found in EUR-Lex. You can browse through the special editions from the dedicated page.
5. What is consolidation? What legal acts does it include?
Consolidation consists of the integration in a legal act of its successive amendments and corrigenda. Several legal texts initially and officially published in different issues of the Official Journal of the European Union are thus combined as a 'consolidated family' in one easy-to-read document in which you can find the current status of the EU law.
If any corrigendum is published after the last amending act was incorporated, we will consolidate it immediately, unless it provides only a minor change. In the last case it will be included into the next consolidation.
The Publications Office consolidates EU regulations, directives and decisions. However, we do not consolidate legal acts which will be in force for only a short time. Minor corrigenda in a few languages are included in consolidation with the next modifier.
Read more on consolidation.
6. I can't find SEC documents any more.
SEC documents are published with a new identifier SWD from January 2012 on (their CELEX code remains 5 SC). You can find them via the advanced search or by clicking on EU law and related documents in the menu and then selecting Preparatory acts. SEC and SWD documents are one of the options in the left menu. In the future, the SEC identifier will only be used for internal documents of the European Commission, which are not published on EUR-Lex.
SWD documents are published in one language, apart from the summaries of impact assessments, which are published in all the official languages of the EU.
For more information: What are COM, JOIN, SEC and SWD documents?, Types of documents in EUR-Lex
7. What are COM, JOIN, SEC and SWD documents?
Documents with the identifier COM, JOIN, SWD or SEC are preparatory acts (sector 5).
JOIN and SWD are new document identifiers introduced in January 2012 by the Secretariat General of the Commission.
The changes do not concern documents adopted before 2012.
|Type of document
|COM : Proposals and other acts adopted in the framework of a legislative procedure
|COM : Other COM documents: communications, recommendations, reports, white papers, green papers
|EC and HR
|JOIN : Joint proposals, communications, reports, white papers and green papers adopted by the Commission and the High Representative
|EC or EC and HR
|SWD : Staff and joint staff working documents (impact assessments, summaries of impact assessments, staff working papers). Staff working documents had the identifier SEC prior to 2012. SEC will not be used anymore in the future.
EC: European Commission, HR: High Representative
To learn more about document types and their identifiers, see Types of documents in EUR-Lex.
8. Are documents available in all the official languages of the European Union?
The linguistic coverage is greater for the four official languages of the founding Member States, that is Dutch, French, German and Italian. For the other languages you will find translations of the legislation in force at the time of the accession of the country in question and the texts adopted after this date. Some of the texts, particularly the oldest, are therefore not available in the languages that were added during the later accessions: English and Danish; Greek; Spanish and Portuguese; Finnish and Swedish; Czech, Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Slovak and Slovene; Bulgarian and Romanian and, more recently, Croatian.
9. Which EU documents can I find in Irish?
Since 1 January 2007, Irish (GA) is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. For practical reasons and on a transitional basis, only key legislation adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council is available in Irish. This means that, in general, there is no complete edition of an Official Journal in Irish. Certain treaties however have been published in Irish. These texts are available on our website in the 'Treaties' collection.
The current practical arrangement is reviewed every five years. It will stay in force at least until the end of 2016.
For more information see:
Council Regulation (EC) No 920/2005, Council Regulation (EU) No 1257/2010, Treaties
10. What are Celex numbers composed of?
The Celex number is the unique identifier of each document in EUR-Lex, regardless of language.
A Celex number is composed as follows: SyyyyT(T)nnn(n)
|-- 1 character for the sector (see list below)
|--------- 4 digits for the year (usually the year of adoption)
|------------------- 1 or 2 characters for the document type (see list below)
|----------------------- 4 digits (usually) for the document number.
For example, document 32008R1338 is:
- a sector 3 document (secondary legislation):
- from 2008: 3
- a regulation: 32008
- published in the OJ under number 1338: 32008R
Find out examples and more details about document sectors and main types of document in each sector.
11. Celex number - Details
Document sectors
|Preparatory acts
|Parliamentary questions
|International agreements
|Case law
|Consolidated versions of sector 3 documents
|Secondary legislation
|National implementing measures
|EFTA documents
|Complementary legislation
|National case law
|Other documents published in the OJ C
Main types of document in each sector
|Sector 3
|Sector 5
|Sector 6
|L = directives
|PC = legislative proposals by the Commission
(COM documents)
|CC = opinion of the advocate-general
|R = regulations
|DC = other COM documents
|CJ = judgment by Court of Justice
|D = decisions
|SC = SEC documents, JC = JOIN documents
|CO = order of the Court of Justice
Full list of sectors and document types (HTML)
Please feel free to also consult a more explicit document [PDF - 654KB] regarding Celex numbers, including many examples. This document has been compiled in July 2011 and it is available in English only.
Other examples
For treaties, the last 3 digits are the number of the article - for example, 11957E086 is article 86 of the EEC treaty (1957). Consolidated versions of treaties are indicated by the year of consolidation.
Celex numbers for international agreements give the publication date - for example, document 21986A0331(01) was published in OJ L 86 on 31/03/1986. If several documents are published on the same day, only the number in brackets changes, e.g. 21986A0331(02).
For case law documents, the Celex number is based on the case number issued by the Court of Justice. The year is the year the case was opened.
Corrigenda have the same Celex number as the document they are amending, with R(xx) added at the end (xx being the number of the corrigendum). For example 32009L0164R(01) is the first corrigendum to directive 32009L0164. A corrigendum may concern one or more language versions, or even all of them.
Consolidated documents (sector 3 type) have the same Celex number as the basic act, except they are sector "0" instead of "3". They are followed by the date when the last amendment entered into force (see FAQ 5).
12. What is ECLI?
The European Case Law Identifier is a 5-part identifier for a legal document, designed to make European case law databases more usable.
Form of the ECLI
The identifier consists of 5 components, in the following order and each separated by a colon:
1. Abbreviation "ECLI"
2. Country code (2 characters)
3. Court code (1-7 characters)
4. Year of the decision (4 digits)
5. Unique identifying number (max. 25 characters, dots allowed)
Examples (EU Court of Justice)
Document it identifies
27th decision by the Court of Justice in 1998
80th decision by the Civil Service Tribunal in 2010
426th decision by the General Court in 2012.
The 5th part of the Court's ECLI is a sequential number, restarted every year and specific for each court (Court of Justice, General Court, Civil Service Tribunal). It is not the CELEX number.
In 2011 the EU Council asked EU member countries to introduce the ECLI.
The Commission is also setting up a common search interface for ECLI and a minimum set of metadata as part of its e-Justice portal.
13. What is ELI?
The European Legislation Identifier (ELI) :
- provides access to EU and national law;
- enables the sharing of information about EU and national law.
ELIs are assigned to a wide range of legislation published in the Official Journal L series (regulations, directives, decisions) and to consolidated legislation. They appear in document notices under the heading 'Title and Reference'.
Users can search among documents that have an ELI identifier or carry out a search by using the ELI URI.
The simplest type of ELIs have the following structure:
http://data.europa.eu/eli/{typeOfDocument}/{yearOfAdoption}/{numberOfDocument}/oj There are many more types, e.g. for consolidation.
- The ELI of Decision 2009/496/EC is http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2009/496/oj
- The ELI of http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2009/496 provides access to the most recent consolidated version of this act, if it exists.
For more information, see the ELI register pages.
14. Can I reuse the entire contents of the EUR-Lex database? How?
Yes, you can re-use EUR-Lex data, free of charge, subject to copyright conditions.
There are different ways to search for content and retrieve it.
If you are a registered user, you can search EUR-Lex databases directly using Webservices. The search options are similar to those in 'expert search'. They supply data in XML format.
For a simpler way to stay up-to-date, use RSS feeds – predefined or customised.
More on how to use webservices.
Direct access to the database
To process data in a more sophisticated way, you can request:
- Notifications via database RSS feeds – to notify you of every single change.
- Direct access to your selection of content and metadata in the database, via the REST interface.
These feeds may return very large numbers of notifications (millions a day).
Are you interested in direct access? Then contact us and we can send you additional documentation.
Note that given its complexity, you will need to involve experts.
Bulk download of the OJ
Official Journals (from 2004 onward) in XML format are available for bulk download via the EU Open Data Portal.
It can be downloaded by language and by year.
16. How to create stable links to documents and notices?
You can create links to EUR-Lex, as long as you respect our copyright notice.
To ensure these links are stable, follow the guidelines below.
Language versions
EUR-Lex is available in 24 languages.
EUR-Lex is available in 24 languages. To link to a page in a specific language version, define this language by changing, in the link, the code after locale=.
The codes are:
Official Journals (OJs)
Direct access to the OJ (overview)
Direct access in English: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/oj/direct-access.html?locale=en
OJs by year – chronological list
Official Journals published for example in 2013: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/oj/2013/direct-access.html?locale=en
OJs by month - chronological list
Official Journals published in November 2012 (2012/11): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/oj/2012/11/direct-access.html?locale=en
Table of contents of an OJ
- year: 4 digits (yyyy)
- OJ number: 3 digits (xxx)
- OJ series with a capital letter, e.g. L or C
Table of contents of OJ C 326/2015:
EUR-Lex view (includes navigation elements): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2015:326:TOC
HTML view (without EUR-Lex navigation elements): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:C:2015:326:TOC
XML view of the notice: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/XML/?uri=OJ:C:2015:326:TOC
Table of contents of an OJ series C:
EUR-Lex view (includes navigation elements): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2015:326:TOC
HTML view (without EUR-Lex navigation elements): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:C:2015:326:TOC
XML view of the notice: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/XML/?uri=OJ:C:2015:326:TOC
Documents: by OJ publication reference or by CELEX number
- year: 4 digits (yyyy)
- OJ number: 3 digits (xxx)
- OJ series with a capital letter, e.g. L or C
Link to specific tabs in the documents view
- Text: TXT
- Document information: ALL
- Procedure: HIS
- National transposition: NIM
- Summary of legislation: LSU
- Summary: SUM
Language version, see table at the start of this FAQ
By OJ publication reference: document published in OJ C 326/2015, page 12, in the text tab
EUR-Lex view (includes navigation elements): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2015.326.01.0012.01.ENG
PDF view: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2015.326.01.0012.01.ENG
HTML view (without EUR-Lex navigation elements): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2015.326.01.0012.01.ENG
XML view of the notice of the act: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/XML/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2015.326.01.0012.01.ENG
By CELEX number
To find out how to construct a CELEX number, see: More about CELEX numbers.
Note: for recently published documents, it can take up to two days before a CELEX number is available.
EUR-Lex view (includes navigation elements): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R1007
HTML view (without EUR-Lex navigation elements): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32011R1007
XML view of the notice: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/XML/?uri=CELEX:32011R1007
17. EU Enlargement
Eur-Lex contains enlargement pages (in the standard right menu on any page) for every new country that joins the EU. They allow you to search for provisional texts of legislation in force in new official languages.
The following functions are available:
- Special Edition of the Official Journal/Secondary legislation – redirects you to the special editions of the OJ. For details, see the OJ help pages.
- Browse acts by the Directory of EU legislation – browse the list of translated acts (and draft versions).
- Search for specific acts – find the specific act in the new language.
18. How to use the webservice?
How to register for a webservice:
- Click Webservice registration in the right menu.
- Click Register if you don't already have an ECAS account. Once you have registered an account, click Sign in. Read more on how to register on EUR-Lex.
- Click Register and fill out the registration form (see table below).
- Click Save to send us the form.
- If your form checks out, we will send you an e-mail specifying your access rights.
Information to put in the form
|Used data
|Data you want to get from the webservice, for further use.
|Final use of data
|What you intend to do with the data
|Calling application
|Name of the application you intend to use to query EUR-Lex
|Days of use
|Day of the week when you will use the webservice. One check box per day.
|Call frequency
|Number of calls per day
|Additional comments
|Your user name (prefilled - in "read-only" mode).
|First name
|Your first name
|Last name
|Your last name
|Phone number
|Your phone number
|Email address
|Your email address
|Name of your organisation
|Address of your organisation
|Postcode (ZIP code)
|Postcode (ZIP code) of your organisation
|Country where your organisation is located
|Phone number
|Phone number of your organisation
|I accept the terms of usage
|Your acceptance of the terms of use for webservices
Using the webservice
You can use your webservice as soon as we send you the email granting you access:
- Click Webservice registration in the right menu.
- The information you will see includes a link to the WSDL of the webservice - you will need to provide the URL of the WSDL to the application you are using to query EUR‑Lex.
- Call the webservice, using the username and password we emailed to you. You need to specify:
- your query, written as an expert query. It can contain a SELECT clause, to choose the metadata to be displayed, and an ORDER BY clause, to define the sorting order. You can also use the webservice template.
- the language
- the page number
- the number of results per page
- The results list will contain the metadata you selected, for each document. If you did not select any metadata here, the display profile defined in your search preferences is used.
Get the webservice template
If you are approved to use the webservice, you can get a special XML template to use for every query you make:
- Sign in and run a search (quick, advanced or expert).
- Click the webservices template icon at the top of the search results.
- A new window will open with the query written in a structured way and instructions on how to use it in your webservice call. You can copy this template and use it for all subsequent webservice calls.
Change your webservice limits
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text:
Six years after their last drawling spectacle, Pressure Chief, Cake return with a full new disc they produced and engineered in their solar-powered electric studio in Sacramento, California (*cough* hippies *cough*). Showroom of Compassion is slated for a January 11 release on their Upbeat Records; first single "Sick of You" indicates that all of Cakes vintage accoutrements have survived the journey intact. It's got singer John McCreas drolly spoken couplets, sharp guitar riffs, jauntily precise pace. Look for this to soundtrack the commercial to the first solar-powered iPod nano.
Tue., Dec. 7, 7 p.m., 2010
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text:
Mostly a lurker, love the drama!
Small BG: MIL and I have a decent relationship (other than her love for boys and not girls, therefore pisses me off loving her grandsons more than my DD). Whatever, my DD has two loving parents and the boys don't so not my issue.
Anyhooooo, MIL had to watch DD on Friday for a few hours (DH is a SAHD and had interviews). DD and her cousin (boy) are about a year apart and they got in a kiddie pool together.
MIL posted pics on the debil of the boy (not my child) in tighty whitey undies and my DD in just shorts. SHE IS A GIRL!
I lost my marbles and immediately sent her a message (yes, immature, should have called her, but I was too furious to think rationally) telling her to remove those pics. I already let other pics slide, but not of her half naked.
She did and said "done, sorry".
So 1. thanks for the backbone to even do it and 2. Hopefully I was justified in this. Even though DD is 2 1/2, you never know what pervs are on the debil.


text:
Top Definition
A worthless individual. The term originates from dried, conjealed bits of mixed male and female ejaculate that cling to pubic hairs at the base of the penis after coitus. They are disgusting and of no value to anyone.
Can you believe that fucking bum asked me for a dollar? What a cock nugget.
by Matt 1000000 June 26, 2005
Trending Now
a. Someone who is really full of himself.
b. Someone who really pisses you off.
c. Someone who will not listen when you speak.
d. Slang for asshole
e. Also can be slang for faggot
b. Someone who really pisses you off.
c. Someone who will not listen when you speak.
d. Slang for asshole
e. Also can be slang for faggot
Look at Definition.
by Nicholas Brooks February 28, 2004
A word to describe someone that is an idiot, complete jackass, or has done somethinng very stupid.
Steve is a complete cock nugget. Did you hear about him getting a rim job from a hooker?
by rico suav June 22, 2010
Nuggets of the cock which are considered a delicacy by particular young ladies enrolled in marketing curriculum in Atlanta area schools.
Joe: "May I interest you in some delicious cock nuggets?"
Rachel: "Why certainly. I LOVE cock nuggets!"
Rachel: "Why certainly. I LOVE cock nuggets!"
by PreacherKeech April 26, 2010
A word meaning the nuggets of the cock.
"Wow, Those are some big cock nuggets."
by The Man April 09, 2003
A nugget made of cock
I sure could go for some cocknuggets, maybe Kentucky Fried Cock has some?
by M2991 February 03, 2011
Another word for chode. A form of insult. A fat man who looks like a hairy chode. A Nugget which looks like a cock. A fucked up man who likes cock.
Man, that guys a cocknugget.
He is seriously cocknugget.
He is seriously cocknugget.
by Addles March 28, 2007


text:
In this sequel to her New York Times bestsellers Under the Tuscan Sun and Bella Tuscany, the celebrated "bard of Tuscany" (New York Times) lyrically chronicles her continuing, two decades-long love affair with Tuscany's people, art, cuisine, and lifestyle.
"Travelers Guide"
Gemma Jericho is an overworked New York doctor with a handful of a teenaged daughter and a mother who worries that Gemma has no life. So when her mother receives a mysterious letter telling her about an even more mysterious inheritance in Tuscany, Gemma sees her chance. The three of them throw caution and convention to the wind and leave for Italy.
"Don't be fooled."
With her mother newly settled in Paris, Liz Davis returns to Omaha to oversee the family business and estate. But her well-ordered world soon begins to unravel when she finds troubling information stored on her deceased father's computer. Then her fiancé considers a job promotion that will take him to California, making the attention Liz is receiving from an intern at the office all the more tempting. The sequel to the best-selling A Garden in Paris.
"Horrible book. Dull."
Filled with recipes from Mayes' Tuscan kitchen and written in the sensuous and evocative prose that has become her hallmark, Bella Tuscany is a celebration of the sweet life in Italy. Mayes writes of her continuing love affair with Italy: her deepening connection to the land, her flourishing friendships with local people, the joys of art, food, and wine, and the rewards and occasional heartbreaks of her villa's ongoing restoration.
"Maudlin Journal cum Drawl"
An adventure of the heart in the mold of literature's classic spiritual journeys. It began with a girl. Then it was Italian food. After that it was books and discovering that even Mark Twain had fallen for Italy. E. M. Forster was smitten too: "Love and understand the Italians, for the people are more marvelous than the land." What is it about Italy and Italians?
Having spent her summers in Tuscany for the past several years, Frances Mayes relished the opportunity to experience the pleasures of primavera, an Italian spring. Bella Tuscany, a companion volume to Under the Tuscan Sun, is her passionate and lyrical account of her continuing love affair with Italy.
From the best selling author whose memoirs Under the Tuscan Sun and Bella Tuscany have captured the voluptuousness of Italian life in sensuous and evocative prose, comes a lavishly illustrated celebration of Tuscany's people, food, landscapes, and art, as well as the abundant pleasures of Italian life.
"Disappointing but not a total waste"
In the picturesque Tuscan hill town of Scandicci, the body of a girl is discovered. Scantily dressed, she is lying by the edge of the woods. The local police investigate the case - but after a week, they still haven't even identified her, let alone got to the bottom of how she died. Frustrated by the lack of progress, Chief Superintendent Michele Ferrara, head of Florence's elite Squadra Mobile, decides to step in.
"Disappointing on many levels"


text:
COLUMBUS, Ga.- The second-ranked Texas A&M softball team (22-3) closed out tournament play in the NFCA Leadoff Classic with a 4-0 win over the North Carolina State Wolfpack (9-11) on Sunday.
"I thought our kids played well," A&M head coach Jo Evans said. "The bottom of the order has done a good job in this tournament. We stepped up and got some big RBIs down there. NC State was pretty aggressive at the plate today getting their cuts. Gibson did a nice job of keeping the ball down and in, where they couldn't hit it.
The Aggies started the second inning off with back-to-back walks by Erin Glasco and Macie Morrow. Freshman Andrea Tovar came in to pinch run for Glasco. Designated player Alex Reynolds sacrificed Tovar and Morrow into scoring position. Junior Holly Ridley answered with a two-RBI double to the right centerfield wall, giving A&M a comfortable 2-0 lead.
"It is nice to see Holly swinging the bat well," Evans noted. "I think she did a good job this weekend of picking her pitch to hit. Our kids, in general, are doing a pretty good job of setting the table."
Glasco added a little insurance in the third inning lining a single through the left side to score Megan Gibson who'd reached on a single of her own into leftfield. The RBI was Glasco's 12th of the season.
Gibson kept the Wolfpack without a base runner until the fourth when Shanna Smith drew a walk to start the inning. Smith stole second but was unable to advance any further as Gibson logged her sixth strike out of the game and then coaxed a line out and a ground out to keep the score 3-0 in A&M's favor.
A lead off double in the top of the fifth by Allison Presnell looked as if it might spark NC State to scratch at least one run across, as Presnell moved to third with just one out. However, Gibson dug down to log her seventh and eighth strikeouts of the game to strand Presnell at third.
Aggie centerfield Jami Lobpries continued to give Gibson run support as the senior drove a 1-1 pitch deep over a leaping Ashleigh Davis at the base of the left field fence, to increase A&M's lead 4-0. The home run was Lobpries' first of the 2008 season, her 12th RBI.
Alyssa Ishibashi started the sixth off with a base hit for NC State and was able to advance to second on a booted ball in the outfield. Eliza Jacobellis was brought in to pinch run and took third a on a Gibson wild pitch. Jacobellis tried to swipe home a ball that scooted by Glasco, however a quick throw back to Gibson covering home erased the runner and ended the inning.
The Wolfpack would not go quietly into the afternoon as Presnell hit a two-out single into right-centerfield in the seventh. Gibson came back to retire Kristine Bechtholdt to end the inning.
With the shutout, Gibson improves to 12-0 on the season. She worked seven complete allowing just three hits and striking out a season high 10 batters.
"Gibson was really sharp in that game," Evans said. "She came out and threw a lot of strikes. She wasn't afraid to go right at hitters. She got a bunch of strikeouts. But more-so she was really in control. I think she and Erin did a good job of mixing up the speeds later in the game."
Lindsay Campana shouldered the loss for NC State, dropping to 3-9 on the year. She worked five complete allowing four runs to score on six hits. She walked three Aggie hitters and struck out three. Mendy McKenzie worked a hitless inning in relief.
The Aggies will return to the friendly confines of the Aggie Softball Complex to host the 2008 Honeybaked Ham Aggie Classic. A&M will start play on Thursday against BYU at 6 p.m.
Score by Innings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 R H E
NC State 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1
Texas A&M 0 2 1 0 1 0 X 4 6 1
E - Holm; Lobpries. LOB - ST 3; Texas A&M 5. 2B - Presnell; Ridley. HR - Lobpries. SH - Reynolds. SB - Smith;
Win - Gibson (12-0). Loss - Campana (3-9). WP - Gibson.


text:
anyone know a man name JW?
Posted in the Rogersville Forum
#1 Mar 11, 2012
i dont know what this mans last name is but his first name is jw and i just want to know if anyone knows anything about him, my sister is dating this man and i have heard some bad things about this man and just trying to find things out about him. He has brown hair really short keeps his hair in a pony tail, use to drive a big dark blue dodge pickup truck. He hangs out behind cherokee apartments in the trailor park, if anyone knows anything about this man please come forward and let me know For
My sister i would really be thankful. thanks
United States
#2 Mar 12, 2012
Wrong place to try to get any info. You are fixing to get this guy dragged through the ringers.
#3 Mar 12, 2012
or his sister.
#4 Mar 15, 2012
Yes I know him very well ! I am not trying to bash him and drag him through the mud , i am only gonna state facts that i personally KNOW..First of all he is a compulsive LIAR !(You can tell he is telling a lie when he starts studdering.)Second..He is a big time pill head and he fools with some shady people to get them . Third...Tell your sister to never think she is the only one cause she wont be ! He fools with alot of differant females and flirts with alot of them too in order to get what he wants..which is mainly pills and sex ! If it comes down to it and he had to choose a pill or your sister it would be a pill ! Sad but true....
#5 Mar 20, 2012
his name murphy than i know him , i often heard these tails about him when i dated him, however, he never done them when he was with me. so i dont know if he does or doesnt. he always treated me good, however we didnt date for few months. we never really clicked but as friends. i have nothin bad to say about him. however the world is full of these stuff with the drugs and all.
#6 Mar 21, 2012
he is a piece of shit dont trust him he sure is a sweet talker he vwill tell you whatever you want to hear but tell your sister to get rid of him fast he aint worth the trouble
#7 Mar 22, 2012
Jw is my uncle. He is a great man.
#8 Mar 22, 2012
am confused by post 1. how can someone with really short hair keep it in a ponytail?
#9 Mar 23, 2012
They mean he is short in height !! LOL>>
#10 Mar 23, 2012
Not trying to bash your uncle Sweetie but,your uncle has a few problems that he keeps well hidden...trust me I know your family well and I know more than I care to about J.W. I even know your Moms name is Alice and your Dad is Mark...right?
#11 Mar 25, 2012
i personaly know this man. he is joeseph murphy. he is real honest if you ask him something he will tell you strait forward. he does take pills but he takes them for his hip and back. he is no saint by any means but hes been there when i needed him. the only problem i have with jw is he drives that pos dodge that gets 9 miles to the gallon. he ocasionaly has a drink but he wont get shit faced because nobody likes an ass hole. everybody has been crazy in thier days but those are times to make mistakes and learn from them.
"judge a man by not what he has done but by what he will do" -anonymouse
#12 Mar 25, 2012
i agree with "not applyable" his truck is a pos but he is a good man. me and jw have been good friends all through high school and we are still good friends today. yeah we have done some crazy things but all that stopped after his wreck on clinch. jw if you are reading this john says Hi.
#13 Mar 25, 2012
Yeah JW does go to a doctor and gets his roxys but if he aint no pill head why does he always run out and then torment people to try and find him some to buy cheap?? He is a pill head and I know what I am talking about ! I dont come on here speaking on things I know nothing about...trust me on that !
United States
#14 Mar 26, 2012
That's why people can come on here and post nameless shit, correct?
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text:
Howard Johnson Graeagle hotels are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Howard Johnson hotel rooms in Graeagle, CA for your group or personal travels. We list the best Howard Johnson Graeagle hotels/lodging so you can review the Graeagle Howard Johnson hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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text:
All accomplished much and all but one were highly recruited. The Heisman hopefuls of 2016 were superstars on the prep level. Read Article
Plenty of top-rated talent and elite defensive backs help make up the nation's team of the best medium-school players. Read Article
Louisiana Class of 2017 running back updates camps and how his offseason is going. Read Article
Half court shots, ordinary buzzer beaters and standard alley-oops need not apply. Read Article
MaxPreps, the online high school sports leader and The National Soccer Coaches Association of America team up to honor the nation's best. (Week of 2/1-2/7) Read Article
Professional photographer Douglas Carmouche has uploaded a new gallery "Scotlandville @ Walker" for the football team which contains 34 photos. View Gallery
IHSAAOnline Read Full Article
NOLA.COM Read Full Article


text:
Protesters disrupt shipment from new coal loader
The first shipment of coal to be loaded from Newcastle's newly-built third loader has been delayed by climate-change protesters.
The bulk carrier Sunny Success was due to dock at the loader but a protester from the organisation Rising Tide has chained himself to the wharf.
Four other protesters are in the harbour on a boat.
Senior Constable Tony Tamplin says police and rescue services are on scene.
"One of them has shacked himself to the wharf. They also have four in a vessel in the water at the moment," he said.
"They are obviously trying to stop one of the ships being loaded with coal.
"The police are down on location now. They are also getting their water police vessel around now to look after the four on their vessel."
Topics: mining-environmental-issues, environment, climate-change, law-crime-and-justice, newcastle-2300, australia, nsw


text:
Wahiawa General Hospital to pay $450K settlement
Wahiawa General Hospital to pay $450K settlement
WAHIAWA, Hawaii (AP) — The U.S. Attorney's office says Wahiawa General Hospital will pay about $450,000 to settle lawsuits alleging improper billing.
Federal and state governments alleged the hospital wrongfully submitted claims to Medicare, Medicaid and the military's health care program known as TRICARE. An investigation began after a doctor alleged the hospital submitted bills for services provided by resident doctors without the level of supervision required by federal law.
The U.S. Attorney's office notes that while the hospital agreed to the settlement signed Thursday, the hospital doesn't admit liability. Hospital officials didn't immediately return a call seeking comment Friday.
The doctor who initiated the lawsuits will receive nearly $85,000 of the settlement payment. District of Hawaii U.S. Attorney Florence Nakakuni praises the doctor for his courage in reporting the alleged wrongdoing.
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text:
Ian Dunt
Broken pledge: Children to be sent back to immigration detention
Government backtracks on previous pledge to end child detention
May's first PMQs and she wipes the floor with Corbyn
May destroyed Corbyn and did so with an eery likeness to Thatcher
A new politics forms in the furnace of Brexit
We're witnessing a realignment of British political life along culture war lines
Everything you need to know about Theresa May's Brexit nightmare in five minutes
All your questions about May's Brexit negotiations answered
Cameron's legacy: Beneath the spin, there was nothing
Cameron kept Blair's spin but ditched the politics
Corbyn's critics are as inept as he is
Labour plotters haven't learned anything from the rise of Corbyn
Leadsom steps down: Britain has dodged a bullet
Leadsom would have been a disaster for Britain
Chilcot: Blair's reputation will never recover
The Chilcot report is one of the most damning assessments ever made of a British prime minister
Alex Stevenson
Insulting voters can only lead to defeat – for both the Tories and Labour
Shutting out the voters might seem like a sensible strategy, but it can only lead to one result: a slap in the face come polling day.
Miliband is now most likely to be next prime minister
For years the idea of Ed Miliband in No 10 was judged unthinkable, even laughable. But with the general election just over a fortnight away, a consensus is gradually emerging that his premiership is now the most likely outcome.
The most embarrassing election leaflets of 2015
As campaigning steps up another gear voters are starting to come across election leaflets – and using social media to mock them.
The app that will sway thousands in the 2015 general election
The data suggests it has singlehandedly persuaded over 100,000 voters to change their minds and back another party. Should we be paying a little more attention to Vote Match?
Here's what the Queen has to say about Cameron's hung parliament plans
Inside Buckingham Palace, the prime minister faces an awkward conversation
Exposed: The Scottish independence myth no party leader wants you to hear
Scottish nationalists spooked Westminster's party leaders into giving away more powers to Scotland than they needed to during last year's referendum, new research has found.
'Hard-hearted Hannah' triggers Commons sexism row
Tempers were running high in the Commons this afternoon over a sexism row - which got so heated Speaker John Bercow allowed the phrase "lynch the bitch" to pass without question.
Letting MPs decide who governs? They're not going to like that
This parliament has had 48 months since first gathering in mid-May 2010 to sort out the arrangements for the next coalition. So why is it that the MP tasked with overseeing our constitutional arrangements is now demanding a change of plan?


text:
"RAGGLEROOT: Flin's Destiny Series No. 3," by Erik Olsen, Sweetwater Books, $16.99, 304 pages (f) (ages 8-11)
Perhaps one has to be a middle-school age reader to really enjoy the Erik Olsen series about Flin and his destiny, the latest of which is "Raggleroot, Flin's Destiny Series No. 3."
For the adult reader looking for a real story and believable plot line, it's frustrating.
It's also somewhat of a wannabe Harry Potter book with magical, mean-spirited plants that threaten to destroy; fantastical plants, some with monkey fur vines, elephant trunks and crocodile feet. Some attack horribly. Others can anticipate what their victims may try to do and prevent it.
(Amazingly, the heroes in the story always get away from them when you think one of these villainous plants would do them in.)
Our heroine and hero, Flowell and Flin, are on the outs in the beginning while Hepple, Fezzy and Inger are all still trying to escape the Cobble Cavern deep under Ireland. The bullies from earlier books — Mr. Sump, Ruel and Parcell — show up to muddy the action.
Meanwhile Raggleroot (and the plants and a bad guy named Blade) are trying to stop their escape. (Why is never really made clear, at least in this volume.)
The story is all over the place without the cleverness of the Potter series. It's much more random and the characters are fairly interchangeable except for those who speak broken pirate English with an Irish brogue.
It moves quickly. Pay attention or you'll get left behind as Sam disappears, a giant metal ivy covers the cathedral and the kids go over the falls in the gas lake.
There's a little bit of everything is this tale, "Snazzards," prisons, sand tunnels, fairies, leprechauns, magic jewels and rings with powers, turtles in the sky, a time-stopping hourglass. Around every corner, behind every door, inside every old box and almost at the beginning of each paragraph is a surprise and usually a nasty one.
(Also, it's fairly critical to have previously read the first two in this series: "Cobble Cavern" and "Garden of the Lost Souls." Otherwise, it really is mass confusion.)
For middle-school readers who don't mind an absence of depth and reality, go for it. For kids who just love constant action with no parents, no teachers or guardians around, this is the book.
It's harmless, but as one young but refreshingly candid reviewer put it, "It's a give-away" rather than a keeper.
If you go ...
What: Erik Olsen book signing
When: Saturday, Feb. 9, 11 a.m.
Where: Barnes and Noble, Jordan Landing, 7157 Plaza Center Drive, West Jordan
Web: barnesandnoble.com
Sharon Haddock is a professional writer with 35 years experience, 17 at the Deseret News. Her personal blog is at sharonhaddock.blogspot.com.
Email: email@example.com
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text:
Stained Glass Supplies
Fine Handcrafted Gifts
Custom Stained Glass Repair
Mark your calendar!
Our 20th anniversary celebration
is Saturday, August 27!
More details to come.
We thank you, from the bottom of our hearts, for your continued patronage.
Lisa, Dennis and Dawnn
The Glass Angel is your friendly neighborhood stained glass studio and gift shop. We offer beautifully handcrafted gifts made by more than 120 artisans, a full line of stained glass tools and supplies, custom work and repair as well as stained glass classes for all levels of experience.
Lisa and Dennis Littell, owners of The Glass Angel, look forward to helping you with gift and stained glass needs.
The Glass Angel has been located at 224 E. Front St. in the "revitalized" downtown area of Burlington for over 19 years.
Lisa has over 27 years of experience in stained glass and is available to help with your stained glass and pattern selection, original design ideas and other technical questions about stained glass.
Visit Lisa and Dennis at The Glass Angel soon.
Contact Us:
Phone: 336-227-1231
224 E Front St
Burlington, NC 27215
Tuesday through Saturday 10 - 4
Stop by to see Lisa, Dennis & Dawnn.
Closed on Sundays & Mondays
Now Is The Time To Learn Stained Glass
Check out our Activities page for details.
We Use KeepandShare.com online calendar
and printable calendars on our site


text:
"I still think the social function of art is that kind of negative aesthetic. Otherwise there's no social function for it."
"The landscape is filled with relics and memories. So many things are buried in the landscape in Germany. So many uniforms and medals. And you hear stories of people coming upon buttons and helmets in the fields."
- Collier Schorr


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 5, 1996
|Filing date
|Dec 30, 1994
|Priority date
|Dec 30, 1994
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Gastone P. Bello, John W. Lyle, Donald A. Johnson
|Original Assignee
|Algos Pharmaceutical Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (56), Classifications (16), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to the field of wound dressings and bandages.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,655,210 describes a polyurethane foam bandage which is said to provide certain advantages over the common strip bandage including greater wound exudate-carrying capacity, better protection of the wound site from contusion or other pressure trauma and greater moisture vapor permeability in its adhesive tab portions. The bandage is manufactured from a single liquid-permeable foamed polyurethane sheet possessing a liquid-permeable porous pressure sensitive adhesive layer on its skin-contacting side. Selected areas of the sheet are heat compressed to provide first and second wound site-securing tab portions on each side of a foamed pad portion which has not been subjected to compression. Both the tabs and the pad provide ready absorption and transfer of fluids from the wound site. When the pad approaches its maximum wound exudate-carrying capacity, the tabs wick excess exudate.
Were wound exudate-carrying capacity the sole or principal consideration in the construction of an effective wound dressing, the foam bandage of U.S. Pat. No. 4,655,210 could be said to possess an advantage over the aforementioned common strip bandage whose adhesive tab portions are incapable of wicking wound exudate. However, at least as important, if not more important, than a high wound exudate-carrying capacity is the ability of a wound dressing to adhere to the site of application throughout the entire period of its expected functional life. A premature loss of adherency will require more frequent application of fresh bandages and consequently, a greater cost to the consumer. The very ability of the tab portions of the bandage of U.S. Pat. No. 4,655,210 to wick excess wound exudate is itself a disadvantage where long term adherency is concerned. Thus, once wound exudate makes contact with the adhesive layer, it begins to infiltrate the adhesive compromising the adherency of the bandage to the skin.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wound dressing possessing a wound exudate-absorbing component of cellular structure and at least one wound dressing-securing component having little if any capacity for absorbing aqueous substances such as wound exudate.
It is another particular object of the invention to provide such a wound dressing in which the wound exudate-absorbing component contains a solid or semi-solid material which liquefies at or about skin temperature and, when liquid, maintains the wound site in a moist condition and/or functions as a release agent to prevent the wound exudate-absorbing component from adhering to the wound site during the course of healing.
It is yet another particular object of the invention to incorporate a quantity of medicament, e.g., an antibiotic, antiseptic, local anaesthetic, antipruritic, counterirritant, etc., which promotes, assists or is otherwise beneficial to the wound healing process in the aforementioned solid or semi-solid liquefiable material, the latter additionally functioning as a carrier for the medicament and, when liquid, making the medicament available to the wound site.
In keeping with these and other objects of the invention, there is provided a wound dressing comprising:
a) a wound exudate-absorbing component of flexible cellular structure fabricated from a flexible cellular thermoplastic resin workpiece;
b) at least one wound dressing-securing component adjacent the wound exudate-absorbing component and fabricated from the same workpiece as the latter, the wound dressing-securing component possessing a layer of adhesive on its skin-contacting surface; and,
c) means for substantially preventing the passage of wound exudate or other fluent substance from the wound exudate-absorbing component into the wound dressing-securing component.
In contrast to the foam bandage of U.S. Pat. No. 4,655,210 whose adhesive tab portions have the capacity for absorbing significant quantities of wound exudate, a capability of questionable value given the possibility of a diminution in adherency of the bandage to the skin once wound exudate makes contact with the adhesive layer on the skin-contacting surface of the bandage, the wound dressing-securing component of this invention has little, if any, capacity for absorbing aqueous substances such as wound exudate thereby minimizing, if not eliminating, the risk that wound exudate will make contact with its adhesive layer and compromise the adherency of the dressing to the skin.
FIG. 1 illustrates in side elevational view an embodiment of a wound dressing in accordance with this invention applied to a wound site;
FIG. 2 is an illustration in side elevational view of another embodiment of the wound dressing of this invention featuring a cushioning component superimposed upon the wound exudate-absorbing component; and
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate perspective view embodiments of the wound dressing of this invention in which the dressing-securing component is provided as a continuous region surrounding the wound exudate-absorbing component.
One embodiment of a wound dressing in accordance with this invention is shown generally in FIG. 1 at 10. The wound dressing features an optional flexible, liquid-impermeable film or coating 11 upon its entire upper exterior surface to prevent diffusion of wound exudate to the upper exposed side of the wound dressing. However, if desired, optional film or coating 11 can be confined to the upper exterior surface of cellular wound exudate-absorbing component 15 since this is the only region of the dressing that would benefit from a liquid-impermeable film or coating when the addition of a liquid barrier property is desired.
Wound dressing 10 is positioned upon wound site 19 directly over wound bed 18 containing serous exudate, a largely aqueous substance. Wound dressing 10 is secured to wound site 19 by first and second straps 12 and 13 coated on their skin-contacting sides with pressure-sensitive adhesive 14. Straps 12 and 13 are formed from the same flexible, cellular thermoplastic resin workpiece as wound exudate-absorbing component 15 and together with the latter, form a seamless unitary whole. Straps 12 and 13 can be formed by compressing and heating certain sections of the aforementioned workpiece as a result of which such sections acquire a collapsed cell structure which is essentially non-absorbing for aqueous substances, such as wound exudate (in contrast to wound exudate-absorbing component 15 which exhibits relatively high aqueous liquid-sorbing capability). The collapsed cell structure can exist uniformly throughout the entirety of straps 12 or 13 or it can be confined to strips or zones adjacent the transverse edges of wound exudate-absorbing component 15. In addition to, or in lieu of, this collapsed cell structure, a bead or line of barrier material, preferably of sufficient flexibility to flex with the wound dressing when applied to the skin, can be formed at or near the juncture of wound exudate-absorbing component 15 and each of straps 12 and 13 to prevent the wicking of any substance, whether it be wound exudate or any other flowable material, into the straps where it could make contact with, and consequently lessen the effectiveness of, the adhesive. Suitable barrier materials include molten resins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, which solidify on cooling, finely powdered resins which can be heat-coalesced into a solid barrier, e.g., polyethylene or polypropylene powders, hardenable or curable resins which form on polymerization or crosslinking, e.g., acrylic resins, and solvent-containing resins which solidify on evaporation of the solvent, e.g., cellulosic putty.
If desired, the wound site-contacting surface of wound exudate-absorbing component 15 can be treated or modified, e.g., by addition of an abherent perforate film or coating, to prevent or minimize adherence of such surface to the wound site. In a preferred embodiment, wound exudate-absorbing component 15 is provided with a quantity of a solid or semi-solid material which liquefies at or about ambient skin temperature, or from about 25� to about 45� C., and when liquid maintains the wound site in a moist condition and/or functions as a release agent to prevent the wound exudate-absorbing component from adhering to the wound site during the course of healing. Suitable materials having one or both of these capabilities are known in the art although for wholly unrelated applications. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,738, describes a mixture of low and high melting value polyol fatty acid polyesters which through appropriate blending can be made to liquefy, i.e., melt, at or about skin temperature. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,204,104 describes a mixture of polyethylene glycols which can be formulated to melt at or about skin temperature: a first polyethylene glycol having a relatively high viscosity and a melting temperature in excess of the temperature of the human body, a second polyethylene glycol having a melting temperature less than the temperature of the human body and a third polyethylene glycol exhibiting lubricity or emolliency. U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,737 describes a solid silicone ester which liquefies at ambient skin temperature. Still another example of a useful liquefiable material which can be incorporated in wound exudate-absorbing component 15 to provide either or both of the aforestated functions are microspheres made from one or a mixture of fatty substances liquefying at or about skin temperature and an active medicament employing known or conventional techniques, e.g., the spraying procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,292,512. The contents of aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,160,738, 5,204,104, 5,334,737 and 5,292,512 are incorporated by reference herein. Additional useful liquefiable materials include cocoa butter and cocoa butter substitutes, hydrogenated vegetable oils, hard fats, glycerinated gelatin, nonionic surface active agents such as polyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene stearates alone or in combination with other materials to provide a wide range of melt temperatures and consistencies, etc. Those skilled in the art are familiar with many other types of liquefiable materials that can be utilized as the wound moisturizing/wound site releasing material in the wound dressing of this invention. When incorporating the liquefiable material in exudate-absorbing component 15, it may be advantageous to concentrate the material in the central region of this component and away from straps 12 and 13 in order to minimize the possibility that any of the material could be wicked into the straps.
The incorporation of a solid or semi-solid liquefiable material in exudate-absorbing component 15 offers the additional advantage that it can be used as a carrier for one or more medicaments, e.g., an antibiotic, antiseptic, local anesthetic, antipruritic, counterirritant, etc., which promotes, assists or is otherwise beneficial to the wound healing process. Upon liquefying, the material migrates toward the wound site making the medicament(s) incorporated therein available to the wound. Thus, skin temperature activates the release of the medicament(s) present in the wound dressing of this invention and places the medicament(s) in direct contact with the wound site for the most beneficial therapeutic action possible. Suitable medicaments for incorporation into the liquefiable material include one or more of the following at the usual levels: local anesthetics such as benzocaine, butamben, dibucaine, bibucaine hydrochloride, dimethisoquin hydrochloride, dyclonine hydrochloride, lidocaine, lidocaine hydrochloride, pramoxine, tetracaine and tetracaine hydrochloride; antiseptics such as benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate, glutaral, hexachlorophene, iodine, povidone-iodine, mafenide acetate, nitrofurazone, silver sulfadiazone; and, antibiotics such as bacitracin, bacitracin zinc, chlortetracycline hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride.
The flexible, cellular (i.e., foamed) thermoplastic resin workpiece from which wound dressing 10 is manufactured can vary considerably in its properties: e.g., it can have a thickness of from about 1/16 to about 2 in., a void volume of up to about 98 percent, an average cell size of from about 200 to about 2,000 microns and a density of from about 1.3 to about 10 lb/ft3. Among the cellular thermoplastic resins that can be used are polyurethanes, latex foam rubbers, poly(vinyl chloride) resins, silicone resins, and the like. For details regarding a particular cellular resin, see, e.g., standard reference works such as the "Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology", Mark et al. eds., 2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 6-14 (Wiley, 1985). The cell structure of the workpiece can be reticulated or non-reticulated and is advantageously of the open cell type to achieve good rates of wound exudate absorption. Filtercrest� and Feltcrest� reticulated polyurethane foams available from Crest Foam Industries, Inc., 100 Carol Place, Moonachie, N.J. 07074 are suitable for use as workpiece 80. Other suitable polyurethane foams include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,975,567, 3,978,855, 4,655,210, 4,960,594, 5,154,928 and 5,164,421, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Wound dressing 10 can possess a liquid-impermeable film or layer 11 as an optional component where barrier properties are desired. Optional liquid-impermeable component 11 can be provided as a thermoplastic film, e.g., a polyethylene film of from about 0.005 to about 0.01 cm thickness bonded to the upper surface of the workpiece, or as a layer of material which imparts liquid barrier properties to the upper surface of the workpiece, e.g., a coating of molten polyethylene resin which on application to said surface infiltrates the uppermost zone of cells and on solidification provides a liquid-impermeable stratum to a depth of from about 0.01 to about 0.1 cm. As a matter of manufacturing convenience, liquid-impermeable component 11 can be applied to the entire upper surface of the workpiece; however, where barrier properties are desired, liquid-impermeable component 11 can be confined to just those areas of the upper surface of the workpiece which are destined to become cellular wound exudate-absorbing component 15. As an alternative to the aforedescribed procedure of applying optional liquid-impermeable component 11 to the workpiece,this component can be applied to the upper surface of cellular wound exudate-absorbing component 15 following reshaping of the workpiece as described below. So-called integral skin foams can also be used as the workpiece; such foams possess a relatively dense liquid-impermeable skin surface and a liquid-absorbing cellular core. Splitting an integral skin foam into two layers provides two workpieces each of which possesses a liquid-impermeable surface and a liquid-absorbing surface. Such workpieces dispense with the need to add a separate liquid-impermeable component when barrier properties are desired.
As previously described, the wound dressing of this invention can be formed by selectively applying heat and pressure to part or all of those regions of the workpiece which are to become the wound dressing-securing component(s) thereof. The application of heat and pressure causes the collapse of the cellular structure in these regions making them substantially non-absorbent for, or impermeable to, liquids such as wound exudate, liquefied wound moisturizing/wound site releasing material, etc. Those regions of the workpiece which have not received the heat and compression treatment will retain the cellular structure of the original workpiece and thus function as the wound exudate-absorbing component(s) of the wound dressing of this invention. U.S. Pat. No. 4,655,210 referred to supra describes a workpiece reshaping method which can be adapted to the construction of the wound dressing herein. However, when relying solely on a collapsed cell structure to prevent wicking of liquid into the wound dressing-securing component(s), e.g., straps 12 and 13 of wound dressing 10, the degree of cell collapse (or cell compression) must be greater than that sought in U.S. Pat. No. 4,654,210. How much greater will depend upon the characteristics of the workpiece and can be readily determined in a specific case by simple experimental testing.
The alternative approach to rendering the wound dressing-securing component(s) of the wound dressing herein essentially non-wicking, i.e., incorporating a liquid-impermeable barrier between the regions of the workpiece intended to become the wound dressing-securing components and the regions intended to become the wound exudate-absorbing components, can be achieved employing known and conventional techniques. For example, a line of molten polyethylene can be forced under moderate pressure into the cellular structure of the workpiece in accordance with a defined pattern. Upon cooling and solidifying, the polyethylene functions as a barrier to prevent passage of liquid from one side to the other. Similarly, resin powders that can be melted into a solid line of polymer, curable resins and solvent solutions of resins, can also be introduced into the cellular structure of the workpiece in the desired pattern to mark off the boundaries between the wound dressing-securing component(s) and the wound exudate-absorbing component(s). It is, of course, within the scope of this invention to utilize both approaches, i.e., collapsing the cellular structure in selected regions of the workpiece and providing a liquid impermeable barrier, to render the wound dressing-securing component(s) non-sorbent for fluent substances.
FIGS. 2-4 illustrate other embodiments of the wound dressing of this invention. Dressing 20 of FIG. 2 shows optional flexible liquid-impermeable film or layer 21 disposed within the interior structure of the dressing in contrast to its surface as in the case of dressing 10 of FIG. 1. On the side of film or layer 21 facing wound site 29 with its exudate-containing wound bed 26 is a region of wound exudate-absorbing component 25 containing an antiseptic, antibiotic drug and/or other medicament 28, preferably in a liquefiable carrier as described above, which is capable of diffusing or migrating from this region into the wound bed. On the other side of film or layer 21 is a region of cellular structure 27 which functions as a cushioning component providing the wound site with additional protection against trauma. Straps 22 and 23 with their coating of adhesive 24 provide the dressing-securing component as in the embodiment of FIG. 1. The procedures for manufacturing wound dressing 20 are similar to those employed for manufacturing wound dressing 10. A single workpiece sheet can be folded over upon itself with layer 21 positioned in between the assembly or a separate workpiece sheet can be superimposed upon another to effect the same arrangement. Thereafter, heat and compression simultaneously applied to selected regions of the workpiece assembly will cause the cellular structure of such regions to collapse and, at the same time, heat seal the workpiece layers to each other to provide wound dressing 20.
In wound dressing 30 of FIG. 3, wound dressing-securing component 32 is provided as a continuous band of pressure-sensitive adhesive-coated material of collapsed cell structure surrounding wound exudate-absorbing component 31 (shown in the inverted position). Peelable film 33 covers the wound-contacting surface of the dressing until the latter is ready to be used. Wound dressing 40 of FIG. 4 is similar to that of FIG. 3 except for having a circular configuration. Otherwise, components 41, 42 and 43 correspond to components 31, 32 and 33 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
Although several embodiments of the wound dressing and method for manufacturing a wound dressing in accordance with the present invention have been described in detail, it is understood that obvious variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
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|European Classification
|Mar 1, 1995
Owner name: ALGOS PHARMACEUTICAL CORPORATION, NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BELLO, GASTONE P.;LYLE, JOHN W.;JOHNSON, DONALD A.;REEL/FRAME:007424/0291;SIGNING DATES FROM 19950222 TO 19950223
|Oct 20, 1997
Owner name: PHARMADYN, INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALGOS PHARMACEUTICAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:008761/0017
Effective date: 19970910
|Nov 12, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 5, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 12, 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 5, 2008
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 23, 2008
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20081105