text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 5, 1995
|Filing date
|May 25, 1994
|Priority date
|Jul 5, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Wolfgang Renz, Markus Vester
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (35), Classifications (8), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to the field of magnetic nuclear resonance, and in particular to an improved apparatus for nuclear spin tomography wherein a high-frequency transmitter is decoupled from a high-frequency receiver using a cableless local coil device.
Devices for generating images of an object to be investigated using magnetic nuclear resonance are well-known. Such devices are commonly used to generate images of a human body or part thereof to assist in diagnosis of various physical ailments. In a typical prior art device, a body to be imaged is placed in a powerful homogenous magnetic field, referred to as the "basic field," which aligns the nuclear spin of atomic nuclei in the body. Such fields are particularly effective on hydrogen atom nuclei, or protons, bonded to water molecules. The nuclei are excited into a precessional movement by high-frequency exciting pulses. At the end of such an exciting pulse, the atomic nuclei precess with a frequency that depends on the strength of the basic field. Then, after a predetermined relaxation period, the spin of the nuclei cause them to oscillate back in the preferred direction determined by the basic field.
Using a computer and/or other measurement technology to analyze the integral high-frequency nuclear signals, an image of a layer of the body can be generated from the three-dimensional spin density or the distribution of the relaxation times. Linear field gradients may be used to allocate the nuclear resonance signal detectable as a consequence of the precessional movement at the point that it occurs. The quality of the image may be enhanced by superimposing suitable gradients on the basic field and controlling them so that excitation of the nuclei is confined to a single layer of the body to be imaged. Imaging based on these physical effects is known generally as nuclear spin (NS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography.
A high-frequency device for nuclear spin tomography is described in German patent DE-OS 35 00 456. A high-frequency transmitter is used to excite nuclear spin in a body to be investigated. A high-frequency receiver is then used to detect high-frequency B-field components produced by the nuclear spin excitation. The receiver includes a local coil device which is electrically-insulated from the other components of the receiver for placement on the body to be imaged. The receiver also includes an external receiving antenna surrounding the local coil device and coupled inductively therewith.
In known high-frequency devices of the type to which the present invention is directed, two different high-frequency components are required to create an image; namely, a high-frequency transmitter and a high-frequency receiver. A high-frequency receiver with a local coil device is often used for such applications, especially where body areas of relatively limited extent are to be imaged. Such a local coil device typically has a surface or local coil which is placed on the part of the body to be imaged, such as a vertebra, the middle ear, or an eye. In the simplest implementation, the local coil consists of a circular antenna loop made of wire. A capacitor is used to bridge a break in at least one point, and the device is switched by high-frequency signals. Such a local coil device may be used to pick up the high-frequency signals generated by the nuclear spin excitation as a corresponding B-field.
Devices employing high-frequency excitation of nuclear spin require a transmitter with at least one antenna to produce the excitation. A suitable high-frequency transmitter antenna may be designed as a "whole-body resonator," as described in Wilhelm Durr et al., High Frequency System for Nuclear Spin Tomography, ntz Archiv, Vol. 11, No. 5, at 237-243 (1989) and in European publication EP-B-0 073 375. Such an antenna is formed as a round hollow-conductor antenna which surrounds the body to be imaged.
In known high-frequency nuclear spin tomography systems, the high-frequency signals resulting from the nuclear spin excitation are typically conducted through a feed or connecting cable running from the investigation area out to signal-processing equipment. In such devices, the feed cable itself can degrade system performance by inhibiting transmission of the high-frequency signals. Moreover, disturbances in the form of sheath waves may form on the feed cable, which can result in an undesirably high power density in the area of the body being imaged. One solution to these drawbacks of cable-based devices has been to electrically insulate the local coil device from the other components of the receiver.
In the high-frequency receiver described in German patent DE-OS-35 00 456, described above, a certain component of the B-field emitted by the body being imaged is picked up by a local coil device having at least one antenna loop, thereby generating a current in the local coil device. The associated B-field is then detected by a corresponding receiving antenna surrounding the body being imaged, and thus surrounding the local coil device as well. A resulting signal induced in the outer antenna is fed by known methods to electronics coupled to the outer antenna for further processing.
A principle drawback of such inductively-coupled devices lies in the fact that the measurement signal is weakened by the inductive coupling between the local coil device and the outer receiving antenna. The noise component of the signal produced by the outer receiving antenna as the signal is fed to the electronic signal processing equipment is thus undesirably high. This problem, manifested as a low signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, is especially critical when either the field-sensitive components of the local coil device are relatively small or the outer receiving antenna exhibits a relatively poor Q-factor.
The present invention is directed to an improved high-frequency, tomography system that solves the problem of signal-to-noise ratio deterioration commonly occurring in known systems, thereby enhancing image quality by ensuring undisturbed operation of the electronics used to process an imaging signal. This goal is achieved by providing a local coil device of a high-frequency receiver having at least two antenna loops with an amplifier unit connected between them. With such a configuration, new B-field components to be detected by an external receiving antenna are generated by the local coil device in response to B-field components generated by the nuclear spin excitation of a body being imaged. These new B-field components are oriented substantially orthogonal to the original B-field components.
A high-frequency apparatus for nuclear spin tomography according to the present invention offers several unique advantages over prior art systems. For example, the signal from the local coil device to be transmitted by induction to the outer receiving antenna is sufficiently amplified so that the noise component is minimized. Moreover, the undesirable tendency of the amplifier unit to oscillate is suppressed. This problem is especially prevalent in applications using an amplifier unit with a relatively high amplification factor, because coupling of the input and output of the amplifier unit may be influenced by the body being imaged, causing an undesirable tendency to oscillate. To further avoid this effect, the present invention employs two decoupled signal paths; namely, one for signal transmission from the body being imaged to the local coil device, and the other for transmission of the amplified signals from the local coil device to the external receiving antenna.
Decoupling of the two signal paths is achieved because only B-field components that are orthogonal to one another are transmitted along the respective signal paths. The local coil device must have at least two antenna loops to accomplish the desired decoupling. Accordingly, there are two theoretical possibilities for the selection of B-field components. First, the two antenna loops may be arranged orthogonally to one another so that only a predetermined B-field component is detected with the first antenna loop, while a different B-field component orthogonal to the other is generated by the second antenna loop. Alternatively, only one predetermined B-field component is detected by the two antenna loops. In this case, use of the amplifier unit requires that a B-field component be emitted orthogonally to the amplifier by the two antenna loops.
Features and advantages of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawing figures and the preferred embodiments. Other features and advantages will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic of an embodiment of a high-frequency device for nuclear spin tomography according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the signal paths in the receiver of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a local coil device for use with the high-frequency receiver of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the local coil device for a first polarization condition.
FIG. 5 shows the second embodiment of the local coil device for a second polarization condition.
FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a high-frequency tomography system having circular polarization.
Referring now to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a high-frequency device 2 for nuclear spin tomography may be located, for example, in a basic field magnet formed as a hollow cylinder (not shown) whose axis runs in the z-direction of a rectangular (x-y-z) coordinate system. The high-frequency device 2 includes a high-frequency transmitter having a transmitting antenna 3 formed, for example, as a whole-body resonator and capable of exciting nuclear spin in a body 4 or part thereof. The body 4, indicated schematically as a shaded area, is located within the space surrounded by the transmitting antenna 3.
The transmitting antenna 3 of the present embodiment is linearly-polarized, having two antenna leads 3a, 3b extending in the direction of the z-axis. The antenna leads 3a, 3b are coupled to a hollow cylindrical high-frequency shield 7 by resonance capacitors 5, 6. The high-frequency shield 7, disposed concentrically around the z-axis, may be composed of copper foil or other suitable material to ensure the shield 7 is permeable to low-frequency gradient fields but practically impermeable to high-frequency fields. The shield 7 and the antenna leads 3a, 3b form a round, hollow conducting antenna whose coupling elements are the antenna leads 3a, 3b themselves. A pulsed magnetic field generated by this antenna during transmission is indicated by its induction BS, whose location-dependent direction is illustrated by dots and crosses in FIG. 1.
The just-described features of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are generally known in the art. A whole-body resonator of this type is described in German patent DE-OS 41 13 120. While a whole-body resonator in the form of a round hollow conducting antenna is well-suited to the present invention, other known antenna configurations which similarly produce resonant oscillating circuits are equally suitable.
The high-frequency device 2 also includes a high-frequency receiver for detecting high-frequency signals generated by nuclear spin excitations in the body 4 and relaying those signals to an electronic signal-processing system. In this embodiment, the receiver is designed for measurement in a relatively limited area of the body 4. The receiver includes a local coil device 10 having at least two antenna loops 11, 12, and an amplifier unit 13. The local coil device 10 may be located on the body 4, or rather in the vicinity of a surface of the body 4, and is sensitive to a predetermined component of a high-frequency B-field (B1) that is associated with high-frequency signals that will be emitted from the body 4 upon nuclear spin excitation. Unlike prior art systems, the B1 component is not conducted by a connecting lead to external signal-processing equipment. Instead, the amplifier unit 13 generates a signal in the form of a second B-field component (B2) aligned orthogonal to the originally-detected B-field component (B1), which signal is transmitted by induction to a receiving antenna. The local coil device 10 may therefore be considered "cableless."
The antenna used to detect the B2 component should be located outside of both the area of the part of the body 4 being examined and the area of the local coil device 10. Thus, the antenna is preferably an external receiving antenna surrounding the local coil device 10. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the transmitting antenna 3 simultaneously serves as an external receiving antenna 3'. Nonetheless, a discrete external receiving antenna may also be employed. Once the external receiving antenna 3' receives the detected high-frequency signal (B2), the signal is fed to signal-processing electronics using known methods.
FIG. 2 shows the signal paths in an embodiment of a high-frequency receiver 15 according to the present invention. Two decoupled signal paths W1, W2 are provided. The first signal path W1 is used to transmit a signal from the body 4 being imaged to the local coil device 10; while the second signal path W2 is used to transmit a signal amplified by the amplifier unit 13 from the local coil device 10 to the receiving antenna 3'.
To illustrate the operation of the high-frequency receiver 15, assume a nuclear resonance signal B1 emanating from the body 4 is detected by the first antenna loop 11. The signal is then amplified in amplifier unit 13 and transmitted by the second antenna loop 12 as a second B-field component B2, aligned substantially orthogonal to B1, to the receiving antenna 3'. The amplifier unit 13 is thus a two port amplifier whose amplification is limited by the decoupling of the two transmission paths W1, W2. The dashed line 16 of the local coil device 10 signifies that with the two antenna loops 11, 12, it is possible to receive in the first coil mode as well as to transmit in the second coil mode. Direct coupling of the receiving antenna 3' to the tissue of the body 4 is signified by the doubled-headed arrow 14.
If the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is assumed to be a high-frequency linearly-polarizing device, it would be advantageous for the first signal path W1 to carry a B-field component B1 that is perpendicular to the transmitting field BS (see FIG. 1) produced by the transmitting antenna 3. The second B-field component B2, whose orientation matches that of the transmitting antenna field BS, then serves to connect the local coil device 10 to the receiving antenna 3'. FIG. 3 shows one possible arrangement of two antenna loops 11, 12 of a local coil device 10a which achieves this desired signal path arrangement.
In the local coil device 10a of FIG. 3, two antenna loops 11, 12 are arranged such that a normal N1 of a surface spanned by the first antenna loop 11 is perpendicular to a normal N2 of the surface spanned by the second antenna loop 12. As a result, the B-field components B1, B2 associated with the antenna loops 11, 12 also point in the respective directions of the normals N1, N2. In operation, a received signal is tapped from a resonance capacitor C1 in antenna loop 11 and fed to the amplifier unit 13. The amplified signal is then fed to a resonance capacitor C2 in antenna loop 12. The radiating antenna loop 12 desirably encompasses a smaller surface area than the receiving antenna loop 11, and each antenna loop may have at least one winding. In an alternative embodiment, each of the antenna loops 11, 12 may be replaced by a system of several antenna loops.
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a local coil device 10b. This embodiment is a modified "butterfly type" double loop device, as described in James S. Hyde et al., Quadrature Detection Surface Coil, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Vol. 4, at 179-184 (1987). Unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, here the two antenna loops 11, 12 lie in a common geometric plane. The amplifier unit 13 receives its input signal from the B-field component B1 disposed perpendicular to the surface occupied by the antenna loops 11, 12, so that currents oriented in the same direction are excited in each. The amplifier unit 13 then delivers its input signal into the B-field mode B2 disposed orthogonal to the B1 component. The B2 component then passes as a current through the two antenna loops 11, 12 in opposite directions. Capacitors C3, C4 provide compensation of loop coupling for identical resonance frequencies of the two oscillation modes. The network linking the two antenna loops 11, 12 and including the amplifier unit 13 is designated as reference numeral 17.
Care must be taken in the arrangement of certain components of linearly-polarizing high-frequency devices such as those just described. A cableless, linearly-polarizing local coil device included in a linearly-polarizing transmitter is subject to certain restrictions as to positioning with respect to a local coil device coupled through a connecting cable. For example, orthogonal B-field orientations of the transmitter and the transmitting system of the local coil device should be avoided to prevent undesired suppression of signal transmission.
In a circularly-polarizing high-frequency system e.g. only the right-rotating clockwise-rotating B-field component is received from the body being imaged. The received signal is amplified and then re-fed into the antenna loop to produce a left-rotating counterclockwise-rotating B-field component. Like the earlier embodiments, the input and output of the amplifier unit are decoupled. A local coil device for a circularly-polarizing system may be based on either the perpendicular-plane antenna arrangement 10a shown in FIG. 3 or the common-plane antenna arrangement 10b shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a local coil device 10c modeled off of the common-plane device of FIG. 4. Here, orthogonal B-field components with right-rotating circular reception are combined in a 90� hybrid circuit 13a of the amplifier unit 13 (designated a π/2 hybrid). The hybrid circuit 13a includes a terminating resistor 13c. In operation, a signal amplified by a reflecting amplifier 13b is fed to the hybrid circuit 13a. Two antenna loops 11, 12 then emit a left-rotating circular signal, forming a new B-field component, to the external receiving antenna. The network provided between the two antenna loops 11, 12, and to which the hybrid circuit 13a is coupled, is designated by reference numeral 18.
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram for an embodiment of a circularly-polarizing transmitter wherein a left-rotating B-field component is passed on to the receiver. This embodiment includes a local coil device 20 with two antenna loops 21, 22, a first 90� hybrid circuit closed off by a terminating resistor 13e, and a reflecting amplifier 13b. A transmitting and receiving device 24 includes a whole-body resonator 26 with two partial antenna systems 26a, 26b connected to one another by a second 90� hybrid circuit 27. This second 90� hybrid circuit 27 is coupled by one of its terminals to a receiver 28 used during normal operation (that is, without the local coil device 20). A second terminal of the 90� hybrid circuit 27 is coupled to a transmit/receiver switch 30. During transmission operations, this switch 30 connects a transmitter 31 to the hybrid circuit 27; while during receiving operations using local coil device 20, the switch 30 connects a receiver 32 to the hybrid circuit 27.
As discussed above, in a high-frequency device employing a linearly-polarizing transmitting antenna and a linearly-polarizing local coil device, the present invention ensures the alecoupling of the input and output of an amplifier unit connected between two antenna loops. The same conditions prevail with a circularly-polarizing transmitting antenna and a circularly-polarizing local coil device with rotational directions of the B-fields in opposite directions for the input and output of the amplifier unit. Thus, in a high-frequency device according to the present invention, the same polarizing conditions are advantageously provided by both the high-frequency transmitter and the high-frequency receiver.
In addition to the components described with reference to FIGS. 1-5, a local coil device of a high-frequency nuclear spin tomograph must have a power supply for its amplifier unit, which generally consists of a preamplifier and possibly additional electronics required for operation. A dual-gate MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor-field effect transistor) may be used for this purpose, requiring approximately 10 mA at a 10-15 V operating voltage for an optimum noise figure however, a power supply consisting of unmagnetic lithium batteries or lead batteries is generally sufficient because the power supply need only be activated for a few seconds following the transmitting pulses of the transmitter.
The antenna loops of a local coil device according to the present invention must be detuned during transmission. One method by which the required tuning may be achieved employs a passive detuning circuit in which, using two anti-parallel switching diodes at high receiving levels of the respective conductor loop, an inductance of like size is connected in parallel, thereby increasing the resonance frequency. At the same time, the response of the detuning circuit can be detected, thus permitting the power supply of the amplifier unit to be switched on for a predetermined period of time so that the receiving operation may begin after a transmitting pulse ends.
In a system where the transmitting antenna simultaneously serves as receiving antenna, several adjustments may be required to accommodate the cableless local coil device. For example, a linearly-polarizing transmitter would have an additional matching transformer provided at the receiver input because the local coil device, as a result of its tuning requirements, loads the transmitter differently during transmission and reception. Such a matching transformer may be tuned similarly to those in known local coil devices using a cable connection by transmitting a low-level input from the receiver input to the antenna, whereby a detune circuit of the local coil device must not respond.
Referring again to the embodiment of FIG. 6, when the two partial antenna systems 26a, 26b of a circularly-polarizing transmitter are separated, it is possible to use a partial system consisting of the transmitter along with a linearly-polarizing local coil device for receiving, while using the other partial systems for transmission. In such an arrangement, an additional matching transformer is not necessary.
While the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that many modifications and variations are possible. Accordingly, the present invention embraces all alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, as well as all equivalents thereof.
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|Manabu Ishii
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 25, 1994
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RENZ, WOLFGANG;VESTER, MARKUS;REEL/FRAME:007019/0131
Effective date: 19940518
|May 21, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 13, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 21, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Ease of Use
Expensive, but for me it's worth every penny. I don't use it to wash off urushiol because I rarely know when I come in contact with poison ivy. (If I know I come in contact, I use Technu: it's cheaper. I've gotten it in winter when my dogs rubbed against brown shriveled poison ivy. It does relieve the itch when I wash with it.
Reviewer: JimE, 55-64 Male on Treatment for less than 1 month (Patient)
Ease of Use
it does absolutely relieve the itch and reduce swelling, 10 times more effective than cortisone cream or topical steroids You will have to truly rub it in for at least 3 minutes or until it stops itching and then reapply later in the day but it is a tremendous relief.
Reviewer: 55-64 Female on Treatment for less than 1 month
Ease of Use
Used this for 3 days with no relief. I am wanting my money back. Ended up going to the Dr today.
found this review helpful.
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I was skeptical this past spring when the Obama White House reversed course on Libya. One day it was resolved not to intervene, following advice from Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and his generals about the foolishness of opening up a third war in the Middle East. The next, Obama was announcing U.S. support for a military operation to protect Libya's civilian populace from their crazed dictator.
I was even more critical of the process Obama followed: not going to Congress for authorization, skirting the War Powers Resolution, and seeking a Security Council resolution that didn't match the operations the U.S. and its NATO allies were actually putting in place. My views were fueled by a lifetime of experience with Washington politicians who understate the cost and level of commitment required for military adventures. But with the operations now concluded, it is important to acknowledge that Obama was scrupulous in keeping America's participation within the limits he described, and that his strategy achieved the desired result in a reasonable time period and at a modest cost. Libya was a significant foreign-policy success for Obama and his team.
On the other hand, Obama took a series of unfortunate shortcuts with U.S. and international law in order to achieve this success. However effective the tactics that toppled Qaddafi may have been, they stretched far beyond the mandate agreed upon by the Security Council. As I argue in this piece for Foreign Policy, this is bad news for the people in Damascus and Hama, as well as for advocates of the notion of responsibility to protect. Obama's Nobel Prize acceptance speech promised a new kind of leadership, anchored in respect for the rule of law in general and international law in particular. We're still waiting for some proof that he meant it.
More from Scott Horton:
Conversation — March 30, 2016, 3:44 pm
Joseph Hickman discusses his new book, The Burn Pits, which tells the story of thousands of U.S. soldiers who, after returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, have developed rare cancers and respiratory diseases.
Context, No Comment — August 28, 2015, 12:16 pm
In five easy lessons
From the April 2015 issue
In Havana, the past year has been marked by a parade of bold-faced names from the north — John Kerry reopening the United States Embassy; Andrew Cuomo bringing a delegation of American business leaders; celebrities ranging from Joe Torre, traveling on behalf of Major League Baseball to oversee an exhibition game between the Tampa Bay Rays and the Cuban national team, to Jimmy Buffett, said to be considering opening one of his Margaritaville restaurants there. All this culminated with a three-day trip in March by Barack Obama, the first American president to visit Cuba since Calvin Coolidge in 1928. But to those who know the city well, perhaps nothing said as much about the transformation of political relations between the United States and Cuba that began in December 2014 as a concert in the Tribuna Antiimperialista.
Estimated temperature of Hell, according to two Spanish physicists ' interpretation of the Bible:
Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago (Santiago, Spain)
The ecosystems around Chernobyl, Ukraine, are now healthier than they were before the nuclear disaster, though radiation levels are still too high for human habitation.
A TSA agent in Seattle was arrested for taking up-skirt photos of women in the airport, a Maryland police officer was arrested for taking up-skirt photos of an off-duty colleague, and the Georgia Court of Appeals ruled that taking up-skirt photos is legal in the state.
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"Matt was happy enough to sustain himself on the detritus of a world he saw as careening toward self-destruction, and equally happy to scam a government he despised. 'I'm glad everyone's so wasteful,' he told me. 'It supports my lifestyle.'"


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I've been living in the Fort for 8 months and wished I tried this sooner. Food was great and Ice cream was fantastic. Give it a try..I don't think you will be disappointed.
Your coupon (that we'll email you) gets you 20% off when you spend at least $250 on tours, activities and more that you can book on TripAdvisor or Viator. The more you spend, the more you save!
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Statisticians are concerned with the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of quantitative information. They work in a range of sectors including:
- health;
- education;
- government;
- finance;
- the environment;
- forensics;
- transportation;
- sport;
- market research.
Statisticians design and manage experiments and surveys, and deal with the initial collection of data. They process and analyse the data in context, looking for patterns to help make decisions. They advise on findings and recommend strategy.
Statisticians often work in teams, usually including professionals from other disciplines. Strong analytical and IT skills are essential, as are interpersonal and communication skills in order to share findings with colleagues and clients.
Statisticians interpret data and communicate results to their clients, often with the aid of mathematical techniques and software. They ensure that complex statistical concepts are explained in a way the client can understand, and often advise on strategy. Some studies take only a few months to complete, while others take years of work.
General tasks may include:
- consulting with clients and agreeing what data to collect and how it should be gathered - taking into account any ethical and legislative considerations;
- designing experiments, trials or surveys to produce the required data;
- collecting and analysing the data;
- interpreting the data and making sure that the right decisions are made based on the results;
- monitoring data collected throughout its shelf-life;
- presenting results to senior managers, regulatory authorities, clients, etc;
- advising policymakers on key decisions based on results;
- carrying out research, often as part of a team;
- writing reports and articles for publication;
- presenting findings at conferences both in the UK and abroad.
Depending on your area of work you may be involved in:
- providing projections of future student numbers allowing for changes in the birth rate and assessing the number of teachers that will be needed in the sector;
- designing experiments to assess the effects of drugs and associated side effects;
- designing, implementing and analysing clinical studies;
- monitoring, reporting and modelling disease outbreaks;
- collecting data to monitor levels of air pollution;
- collecting data to measure the toxicity of food additives;
- recommending whether certain items should be included in food production, e.g. folic acid in bread making;
- checking quality control standards in industry;
- designing experiments to improve the quality of new products;
- predicting demand for products and services;
- analysing data to forecast trends for pension providers;
- teaching statistical methods and the theory of statistics.
- Starting salaries for government statisticians outside of London typically start at £23,000 (statistical officer) and £26,000 (assistant statistician).
- Salaries for experienced government statisticians range from around £44,000 to £50,000. Salaries for those based in London are higher.
Salaries for medical statisticians are broadly comparable with those of government statisticians. Salaries in the pharmaceutical industry are generally higher with good financial rewards for those with the right combination of skills and experience. Salaries vary depending upon the area of work, location, qualifications and experience.
Income data from StatsLife. Figures are intended as a guide only.
Working hours
Flexible working hours are common. Paid overtime is occasionally available.
Part-time work, home-working and career breaks are also possible.
What to expect
- Statisticians tend to be mainly office based, although they often travel to attend meetings with stakeholders and occasionally attend regional, national and international conferences.
- Statisticians often operate as part of a multidisciplinary project team.
- Self-employment is possible, often in a consultancy role for example as a forensic statistician.
- Jobs are quite widely available with opportunities in London and other major cities in the UK. Many jobs in the pharmaceutical industry are in the South East of England.
- The pharmaceutical industry, for example, provides opportunities for travel abroad to discuss the design of trials, collect information, discuss results and meet with regulatory authorities. Medical statisticians may travel abroad to present findings at conferences.
- Some international secondments are open to government statisticians.
Employers typically look for graduates with a degree that has a statistical or quantitative component. Examples include:
- statistics;
- mathematics;
- economics;
- psychology;
- geography.
Eligibility to apply for The Royal Statistical Society (RSS) professional qualification of Graduate Statistician is achieved through degree courses accredited by the Royal Statistical Society (RSS).
Graduates from other disciplines can apply to work in medical statistics, usually after having taken a Masters degree in a related subject such as:
- medical statistics;
- epidemiology;
- public health.
For some jobs in government statistics you will need a minimum of a 2:1 degree with at least 25% statistical content. For other posts, for example in the Government Statistical Service (GSS), you will need a first or second class degree in a numerate subject or a graduate diploma from the RSS.
It is also possible for those without a degree, but with significant experience in a statistics-related field and continuing professional development (CPD) that leads to professional qualifications (e.g. the RSS Higher Certificate), to apply.
There are opportunities to enter the civil service via the Civil Service Fast Stream: Government Statistical Service. This accelerated training and development programme is aimed at those who have the potential to be future leaders of the civil service.
Employers in the pharmaceutical industry look for graduates with an MSc or PhD in statistics or containing a significant statistical element. Holding a Masters or PhD is becoming increasingly common for entry into the profession and can help further your career. It may be possible to work part time whilst studying.
Qualifications such as the Graduate Diploma in Statistics, awarded by the RSS, may also be accepted. This qualification is equivalent to a good UK honours degree in statistics.
The choice of final year dissertation can be significant. These projects can provide a way of making useful contacts within the profession, as well as developing skills and knowledge. Access to events, training and newsletters featuring job listings can be gained by joining the RSS or Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (PSI).
Search for postgraduate courses in statistics.
You will need to have:
- mathematical ability and computer literacy;
- a clear understanding of statistical terms and concepts;
- analytical skills;
- written and oral communication skills;
- problem-solving skills;
- the ability to communicate results and findings to non-statisticians;
- the ability to influence others;
- a practical and strategic approach to work;
- a high level of accuracy and attention to detail;
- the capability to work to deadlines and to plan your work;
- the ability to work alone and within teams.
Work experience
Work experience in the form of a work placement or a year out in professional training can provide the opportunity to see how statistical methods work in real-life. Opportunities are available in areas such as industry, business or commerce. Summer placements for statisticians in the civil service are sometimes advertised by government departments.
The UK's largest producer of statistics is the Government Statistical Service (GSS). It is a professional body, spread across more than 30 government departments and agencies.
Corresponding opportunities are offered in many branches of local government and government agencies, particularly dealing with performance data and resourcing.
Other employers of statisticians include:
- pharmaceutical companies - ranging from small local firms to large national and international companies;
- higher education institutions;
- operational and scientific research establishments;
- contract research organisations (CROs);
- public sector research organisations (such as the Health Protection Agency and the World Health Organization);
- regulatory authorities;
- market research companies;
- manufacturing and service companies;
- investment companies and banks;
- insurance companies;
- the National Health Service.
Job titles may vary depending on the area of work, for example:
- mathematical modeller;
- data manager;
- data analyst.
Look for job vacancies at:
- ALLSTAT Mailing List
- Government Statistical Service Jobs
- Jobs.ac.uk
- New Scientist Jobs
- NHS Jobs
- PharmiWeb
- Researchjobfinder
- StatsLife Statistics Jobs
Vacancies are handled by specialist recruitment agencies such as Datatech Analytics.
Get more tips on how to find a job, create a successful CV and cover letter, and prepare for interviews.
Professional development
In most cases, training takes place on the job. New recruits gain experience by working under the supervision of experienced staff until they are ready to work alone.
Statisticians are expected to keep their knowledge up to date by reading current literature and attending conferences and training. Many employers will support part-time study for an MSc in Statistics.
Staff development programmes are available to statisticians working in universities and it is possible to take short courses in, for example, computing software, presentational skills, management and teaching.
Short courses can be useful and are run by organisations such as the:
- Royal Statistical Society (RSS)
- Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (PSI)
- Market Research Society (MRS)
Short courses are also available from various organisations in statistics and statistical software packages, e.g. SAS, SPSS, Stata and Minitab.
It is also possible to become a Chartered Statistician (CStat), the highest professional qualification of the RSS. Candidates must have an approved degree (or equivalent) and approved professional training and experience for at least five years. Chartered statisticians are eligible to apply for Chartered Scientist (CSci) status, awarded by the Science Council.
Career prospects
Promotion depends on performance and merit within the Government Statistical Service (GSS). Statisticians are part of an accelerated promotion programme and encouraged to move post every two years to get exposure to as many different areas of statistics as possible. In order get promotion, assistants are required to sit formal promotion boards.
The higher grades at assistant statistician level can offer line-management responsibilities. Progression to a statistician grade will most likely involve heading up a statistics branch and managing a small team of assistants and administrators.
You could expect to compete for a senior grade (Grade 7 Statistician), within four to five years of appointment or sooner, and the selection board will be looking for the potential to reach even higher levels. Senior statisticians manage a number of statistics branches and provide strategic leadership.
Statistical officers also have the opportunity for promotion. Promotion is based on merit, with the opportunity to progress to higher statistical officer and senior statistical officer before applying for Grade 7. Both routes can ultimately lead to positions in the senior civil service.
Within the pharmaceutical industry, statisticians generally begin their careers working as part of a team under more experienced statisticians. You can develop your career in various ways, for example through taking on management responsibilities for junior staff or by becoming a technical expert. Those able to demonstrate the right combination of skills and qualities can rise rapidly, taking on higher levels of responsibility. As many companies are international, there are opportunities for employment abroad.
Many organisations employ statisticians in small numbers, which means that opportunities for internal promotion may be limited. Promotion may be easier to find by changing employers. It is usually possible to switch between the different sectors after gaining a few years' experience. Larger companies usually have a promotion structure that allows for advancement into more senior management positions.
There are many career options and opportunities for diversification or specialisation at a later stage. With a PhD, prospects exist in research and teaching. Some statisticians move into related areas such as project management, regulatory work or work as a freelance consultant.


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Video: Calif. cop rescues woman from burning car
Officer Armando Rodriguez assured the woman she would be okay as he got her out of the flaming vehicle
CBS Los Angeles
EL SEGUNDO, Calif. — An El Segundo police officer rescued a trapped woman from her burning vehicle Sunday.
In video from the patrol car's dashboard camera, Officer Armando Rodriguez is seen running to the burning vehicle to pull the 22-year-old female driver from her car. Officer Rodriguez is heard calling for paramedics and checking to see if other passengers are in the backseat shortly before the car is engulfed in flames.
The driver was taken to the hospital with major trauma. She is currently in stable condition. Officer Rodriguez was transported to the hospital after suffering smoke inhalation and minor burns. He has been released and is expected to return to work next week.
Full Story: Caught On Video: El Segundo Police Officer Rescues Woman From Burning Car
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The San Ramon Valley The Wolves baseball team won Wednesday's home conference game against rival school Monte Vista by a score of 5-3.
(April 28, 2010: Danville, CA 94526) In Wednesday's league challenge, the San Ramon Valley Wolves (Danville, CA) baseball squad the visiting Monte Vista Mustangs (Danville, CA), by a margin of 5-3.
With the win, San Ramon Valley betters its record to 11-6 on the season. The Wolves host De La Salle (Concord, CA) to encounter the Spartans in a East Bay challenge on Friday, April 30. The Spartans come into the challenge with a record of 8-8. De La Salle lost 6-3 in their recent league challenge against California (San Ramon, CA)
With the defeat, Monte Vista falls to 5-12 on the season. The Mustangs host Amador Valley (Pleasanton, CA) to encounter the Dons in a East Bay challenge on Friday, April 30. The Dons come into the challenge with a record of 14-3. Amador Valley won 5-3 in their recent league challenge against Foothill (Pleasanton, CA)


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BAI, A novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor induces apoptosis in A549 cells through activation of caspases and inactivation of Akt
Previously, we have synthesized a novel cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, 2-[1,1′biphenyl]-4-yl-N-[5-(1,1-dioxo-1λ6-isothiazolidin-2-yl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]acetamide (BAI) and reported its anti-cancer activity in head and neck cancer cells. In this study, we further evaluated the effect of BAI on growth of various human cancer cell lines, including A549 (nonsmall cell lung cancer), HCT116 (colon), and Caki (kidney). Profoundly, results of XTT and clonogenic assays demonstrated that BAI at nanomolar concentrations (20–60 nM) inhibited growth of A549, HCT116, and Caki cells, suggesting the anti-cancer potency. We show that BAI induced a dose-dependent apoptotic cell death in these human cancer cells, as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Interestingly, further biochemical analysis showed that treatment with BAI at 20 nM induced apoptosis in A549 cells in association with activation of caspases, cleavage of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1), and inhibition of Akt in A549 cells. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition study revealed that pretreatment with z-VAD-fmk, a pan caspase inhibitor strongly blocked the BAI-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Transfection analysis with Akt cDNA encoding constitutively active Akt further addressed the significance of Akt inhibition in the BAI-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Notably, disruption of the PI3K/Akt pathway by LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor potentiated apoptosis in A549 cells by BAI at a subcytotoxic concentration. These findings collectively suggest that BAI potently inhibits growth of A549, HCT116, and Caki cells, and that the BAI-induced apoptosis in A549 cells is associated with activation of caspases, and inhibition of Akt. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 282–293, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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AfricaOneworld Publications 2012; US$ 14.99
Vast, diverse, dynamic, and turbulent, the true nature of Africa is often obscured by its poverty-stricken image. In this controversial guide, Tom Young cuts through the emotional hype to critically analyse the continent?s political history and the factors behind its dismal economic performance. Maintaining that colonial influences are often overplayed,... more...
Africa, Its Geography, People and Products and Africa-Its Place in Modern History (The Oxford W. E. B. Du Bois)Oxford University Press 2014; US$ 16.99 US$ 14.61
Written in very accessible prose, these two booklets allowed W. E. B. Du Bois to reach a wide audience with an interest in Africa. What is so incredible about the two Africa booklets is their lasting relevance and value to the study of Africa today. Coupling Du Bois's breadth of scholarship with his passion for the subjects, the analyses in these booklets... more...
Africa's Past, Our FutureIndiana University Press 2015; US$ 29.99
Africa's Past, Our Future engages the history of the African continent through the perspective of global issues such as political instability, economic development, and climate change. Since the past may offer alternative models for thinking about our collective future, this book promotes an appreciation for African social, economic, and political... more...
African Cultures and LiteraturesEditions Rodopi 2013; US$ 140.40
Besides searching book reviews, an interview with the writer Tijan M. Sallah, a full report on the 6th Ethiopian International Film Festival, and a stimulating selection of creative writing (including a showcase of recent South African poetry), this issue of Matatu offers general essays on African women?s poetry, anglophone Cameroonian literature,... more...
The African ExperienceTaylor and Francis 2015; US$ 92.67
Updated in its 4th edition, The African Experience is the only interdisciplinary survey to examine this region of the world from geographic, linguistic, social, historical, and political perspectives. Drawing on research from all of the social sciences, this text captures Africa in its complex totality. The African Experience helps readers develop... more...
African History: A Very Short IntroductionOUP Oxford 2007; US$ 7.99 US$ 6.87
Essential reading for anyone interested in the African continent and the diversity of human history, this Very Short Introduction looks at Africa's past and reflects on the changing ways it has been imagined and represented. Key themes in current thinking about Africa's history are illustrated with a range of fascinating historical examples, drawn... more...
Barbot on GuineaAshgate Publishing Ltd 2011; US$ 119.95
Barbot on GuineaAshgate Publishing Ltd 2011; US$ 119.95
The Commonwealth at WorkElsevier Science 2013; US$ 31.95
The Commonwealth at Work examines the nature of the widely varied machinery which is at work within the Commonwealth trying to promote cooperation between the member countries on all levels and in many different spheres, including higher education. It describes the Commonwealth Secretariat and its functions in theory and practice, along with the Commonwealth... more...
Die USA und der KolonialismusDe Gruyter 1996; US$ 154.00
Die USA und der Kolonialismus : Amerika als Partner und Nachfolger der belgischen Macht in Afrika 1939 - 1965 more...


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|Smokey Fontiane joins Roland Martin on Washington Watch via the HP SkyRoom to discuss the controversy surrounding Anthony Weiner. Fontaine details the very interesting circumstances surrounding the release of Weiner's questionable photo and an investigation involving Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas' wife's financial records.
Also On News One:
55 Photos That Will Make You Miss The Obama Family Already
55 photos Launch gallery


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- Modern (29)
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Security & Utilities Software
- Cryptography
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Hot topics in Security & Utilities Softwareasn.1 blowfish 448 proxy tunnel shield encryption decrypt stream micphone http binarynotes asn blowfish encryption
Stream Shield Proxy Tunnel
Stream Shield is a program to encrypt and anonymize your connection to the internet by connecting to remote proxies, using Blowfish/Rijndael Algorithms and removing many personally identifiable headers such as referer, user-agent and more.4 weekly downloads
The KnightGina project is intended to do a free source replacement for MS Gina, using Object Pascal language (initially in Delphi enviromnent)2 weekly downloads
Raptora is a tool to generate statistics of the traffic usage of a Axcent Raptor Firewall. It uses a database to store the gained informations from the logfiles and then it generates graphical statistics and a report.2 weekly downloads
Security Advisor
Security Advisor is a program designed to analyze and report security issues beyond application vulnerabilities. The program will analyze system and network configurations to recommend ways for improving security.2 weekly downloads
Stealth Exchange
Stealth Exchange SFX modules are 16548 bit strong enhanced cryptographic modules like Winzip SFX, but with Built-In Public Private Key encryption!2 weekly downloads
mASN1 - mini ASN.1 framework for .NET
"mASN1" - mini ASN.1 framework is a light ASN.1 framework written in C# for .NET framework. It can be used for creating classes that model ASN.1 types and are capable of encoding/decoding themselves to BER/DER codes. PER support is planned.2 weekly downloads
A C++/Qt program for use in encrypting and decrypting simple substitution cyphers. These cyphers are often found in newspapers and various puzzle books.1 weekly downloads
Another Password Generator
The program generates random passwords using random characters or word lists. It is only for the .NET platform.1 weekly downloads
This is a program to actually log a user off of Win32 desktop at a specified time.1 weekly downloads
JNI CAPI SSL interface
JNI - CAPI (MSCryptoAPI) interface allowing Java applications to use SSL Sockets and utilize CAPI for key material persistance, CRL checking, and Cert-chain validation.1 weekly downloads
Obscure Encryption
ObscureEncrypt is a high level security encrypter. It encrypts at three levels, 448 bit Blowfish encryption, Obscurity, high level encryption. Making it almost impossible to decrypt1 weekly downloads
Overcoat Executable File 'Wrapper'
Overcoat encrypts your projects exe file before distribution (for shareware authors for example), that limits the use of an exe file, and forces the user to purchase/registar after a certain developer defined period1 weekly downloads
Windows Security
This software is designed to provide a modularized solution to proactively secure Windows based computers.1 weekly downloads
Baseline Observation Of Your Assets
BOOYA is a multi-platform first response tool and baseline tool for collection of volatile data.
Change The Security Identifier for NT/2000/XP
Compass Radius
The Compass Radius project is a WIN32 RFC compliant radius implementation written in Delphi 5.0. The main goal is to develop a RFC compliant radius system for the WIN32 platform with database support and plugin hooks into the radius process.
Credential Translation Service
CTS is a standalone web service for converting security tokens in different formats. It uses a WS-Trust interface and supports all security token formats profiled by OASIS, including UsernameToken, Kerberos ticket, X509 Certificate and SAML assertion.
The .Net CP Project has the goal to create a totally free web hosting control panel that works with .NET technology on windows 2000/2003 servers. The panel will control aspects as: webspace, bandwith, dns, mail, news, and more.
Easy as NAT -Open WiFi Bandwidth Sharing
Our aim is providing fixed nodes with redundancy, share unused bandwidth, and create hotspots with base services(web,email,IM,etc.) for any roaming user. GOAL - To make sharing your excess bandwidth as easy as setting up a NAT (Or XP ICS). Admins Needed!
An encrypted, IRC-Like chat system.
NT/Win2k Hosting Controller
NT/Win2k Hosting Controller will allow users of NT/Win2k to run a smooth web hosting operation.
Paranoid Solutions System Suite
Paranoid System Suite is a program that allows the most paranoid of users to achieve complete control over their windows systems and tweak everything. Included parts are anti-virus, IP blocking, anti-spy/adware, and more.
Privacy Suite
Complete Privacy Suite. Deletes all Junks, Browser history, Manage passwords, Crypt Disk, Anonymous surfing, etc.
Pronounceable Password Generator
ppg , pronounceable password generator aims towards and interface for a set of routines to produce pronounceabe passwords, using language theories and strong random number generators.
The purpose of this project is to develop individual malware scanning and fixing applications for some of the currents threats to computer stability security. This project will also include applications which will scan all threats covered by Quixan.


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I have a Theis holster ordered for my M&P9c. I guess it's been about a week now...so I'll start looking for it in the second half of the month. Before that, I ordered a Crossbreed for my P239 and they're saying 6-8 weeks; I guess it'll be a while before I get that one, LOL.
Glad you like it. I haven't read a report yet where a hybrid holster owner didn't care for theirs, so I have put a lot of faith in them considering I haven't ever tried one before.


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Posted: 6/1/2012
dont eat the salsa and the chips. i used to work there a few years back and i need to say the salsa and the chips are recycled. sometimes even the tortillas. the food is good but id ??? the freshness of the chips and salsa. if you dont finish your chips and salsa dont worry someone else will. yuck.


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Birth of Gospel Spirituals Explored in Musical Train Is Comin'
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The last date listed for Train Is Comin' was Saturday May 12, 2012 / 8:00pm.
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Featured review from brock
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nice small intimate theatre every seat is great, cast was excellent truely great singing and acting
a must see, brought back childhood memories and reminds me of history lessons many are not getting any more. thank you guys for a great night out
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It's all about the singing. The first half may drag just a little because of narrative with-holding, but the explosive numbers and marvelous costumes in the second half more than make up for it. It is fundamentally a didactic pedagogical piece,...continued
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Nine amazing young singers portray the Fisk University Jublilee Singers of 1870. This was an incredible experience for my husband, two family friends and myself. I purchased the tickets and gifted them to the group. What a joy! We are taking more...continued
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Good music, good voices, slightly too long
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"Best Musical of the Year" — Black Theater Alliance


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Tag Archives | gifts
The Graduation Gift Guide to Rule Them All
By Katie on 05/13/2016 in Lifestyle, Special Features
The classes of 2016 are readying their caps and gowns...are you prepped for pomp and circumstance with a gift that makes the grade? Study up on the perfect presents for every major with this handy gift guide! Read more »
A 'Furry' Special Mother's Day Gift Guide
Mother's Day is coming up! Check out our perfect present picks for the proud furbaby mamas in your life. Read more »
Video: A Li'l Inspiration for All That Last-Minute Gift Wrapping
It's okay. We haven't started on ours either. Read more »
Our Top 5 Wedding Gifts to Give and Get
You've received the save the date, maybe even helped to host the engagement party, now the question remains: what do you give the happy couple on their wedding day? Read more »
ModCloth's Battle of the Gifts: Final Round, Super-powered vs. Shark-tastic! UPDATE: ROUND 6 CONTEST HAS ENDED
By Erin on 12/18/2013 in Contests, Fashion, News & Contests
It's been fun, but all good things must come to an end! Thank you to everyone who participated in ModCloth's inaugural Battle of the Gifts! Now onto our final competition... In the ring, we've pitted the Supper Hero Apron vs. the Fun for Your Life Wall Decor. Read more »
ModCloth's Battle of the Gifts: Round 5, Stormtrooper vs. The Enterprise UPDATE: ROUND 5 CONTEST HAS ENDED
By Erin on 12/16/2013 in Contests, Fashion, News & Contests
In today's intergalactic battle, we've pitted the Take It by Storm Alarm Clock vs. the Space Time Flies Perpetual Calendar. Who will zap the competition? You decide! Read more »
ModCloth's Battle of the Gifts: Round 4, Ice Cream Sandwich vs. Cupcake UPDATE: ROUND 4 CONTEST HAS ENDED
Today we're pitting two sweet sensations against each other. In one corner of the ring, we have the Rating Royalty iPhone Case and in the other corner, the First Frosting Scarf. Who will lick the competition? You decide by voting in the comment section! Read more »
ModCloth's Battle of the Gifts: Round 3, Fur Fathers vs. Polar Bear UPDATE: ROUND 3 CONTEST HAS ENDED
For round three of ModCloth's Battle of the Gifts, we've placed the Meow-nt Rushmore Print in the ring against the Reverse Polarity Sweatshirt. Who will win? You decide. Read more »
Wrappers Delight: Three Ways To Perfect Your Presents
By Erin on 11/01/2013 in Contests, DIY, Lifestyle, News & Contests
Looking for a few ways to add some perfection to your holiday presents? Look no further than these three easy DIY ideas using our very own holiday wrapping paper, coming to a ModCloth package near you! Read more »
Star Refinery29.com Editor Katie's Gift Guide for Statement-makers
Photo credit: Jasmine Gregory.
Stand out in sequins? Sure, that'll work! But if you want to wow in ways that will send shock waves for miles, pick a gift or two from this stylish guide curated by Refinery29.com…Read more »


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StartUpHire is the place to find Marketing jobs in and near San Mateo. Review the list below of Marketing San Mateo jobs. These Marketing jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available. You can refine your job search for Marketing jobs in San Mateo by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options. Don't see the employment opportunity you're looking for? Check back soon for more Marketing jobs in San Mateo, or sign up for an email alert (link in upper left) to receive periodic updates on new Marketing jobs in San Mateo, CA.
You are an entrepreneurial product innovator with relevant experience as a Product Manager. You are interested in working for a disruptive company in the HR space because you love to shake up the status quo and can?t stand products that people have to use instead of want to use.6/21/2016 San Jose, CA Save This Job
at Qubit (View all jobs) San Francisco Qubit offers a blank canvas for businesses to deliver their big ideas. Whether it?s acting on data science or creating highly targeted personalizations, we fuel innovation and ensure marketers are able to meet the demands of today?s6/21/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Sales ( Netanya, Israel, Santa Clara, CA, United States ) We are looking for a Sales Admin who will be responsible for providing administration support, reporting and operational support to JFrog?s various sales functions and senior management. In this role, you will help drive6/21/2016 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
To continue this growth through 2016 we need an Sales Development Manager, based in our SF office to drive the early stage growth of our sales pipeline - mapping out exceptional opportunities and booking meetings with leading businesses in online commerce. What You?ll Be6/21/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Customer Success and Support Foster City, CA Full-time Careers / Foster City, CA / CSM/Customer Success Manager The Zuora Customer Success Team is seeking a proven leader to drive product adoption, share best practices and implement growth and optimization strategies in order6/20/2016 Foster City, CA Save This Job
Menlo Park AnchorFree?s mission is to provide secure and private access to the world?s AnchorFree?s mission is to provide secure and private access to the world?s information for every person on the planet. AnchorFree?s Hotspot Shield app is the world?s most popular Internet6/20/2016 Menlo Park, CA Save This Job
Zuora is the leader in subscription billing software on a sprint to IPO. We have an epic opportunity for you to join our fast growing team where you can have an immediate impact on the path to Wall Street. We offer competitive salaries, great benefits, an enormous network of6/20/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
More information about this job Overview DDN is The Leading Big Data Storage Supplier to Data-Intensive, Global Organizations For over 15 years, DDN has designed, developed, deployed and optimized systems, software and solutions which enable enterprises, service providers,6/20/2016 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
Redwood City, CA IMVU is seeking a full stack software engineer to join our FIRE Team. As part of the FIRE team you are responsible for our main revenue stream. You get to work with payment systems, fraud systems, new features, and long-proven features. You enhance internal tools6/20/2016 Redwood City, CA Save This Job
Job ID 2015-1747 Job Locations US-CA-Santa Clara Job Posted Date 4/15/2016 More information about this job Overview DDN is The Leading Big Data Storage Supplier to Data-Intensive, Global Organizations For over 15 years, DDN has designed, developed, deployed and optimized6/20/2016 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
San Jose, California Named among the best workplaces in the U.S. by Great Place to Work for three years running, honored on FORTUNE Magazine?s inaugural list of the 100 Best Workplaces for Millennials, and chosen as the ?Market Leader in Incentive Compensation? by CRM magazine,6/19/2016 San Jose, CA Save This Job
Sales San Jose, California APPLY Location: Major metropolitan area within the territory which includes northern CA, northern NV, OR, WA, ID, or AK The Stion Territory Sales Executive is at the core of the company?s sales engine and growth strategy in the rapidly6/19/2016 San Jose, CA Save This Job
at Houzz Palo Alto, CA Houzz is seeking extraordinary people to transform the home remodeling industry. Located in downtown Palo Alto, we are revolutionizing the way people envision, design and build their homes. We are looking for a Quantitative Analyst to assist our growth6/19/2016 Palo Alto, CA Save This Job
at Houzz Palo Alto Upgrade your career at one of the hottest startups in Silicon Valley! If you are great at what you do, thrive in a highly collaborative environment, and don?t mind the occasional meeting in the bathroom (don?t worry, it?s just one of our conference rooms), we6/19/2016 Palo Alto, CA Save This Job
Palo Alto The Houzz Engineering Research team is looking for passionate engineers to build the best online market for home design, showcasing the best products and providing the most enjoyable shopping experience for our users. You will leverage your professional experience in6/19/2016 Palo Alto, CA Save This Job
Business Development San Jose, California APPLY The Business Development Manager or Director will report to the VP of Business Development & Marketing, and oversee the day to day execution of key growth initiatives relating to fundraising and strategic partnerships.6/19/2016 San Jose, CA Save This Job
Palo Alto, CA Houzz is seeking a seasoned Quantitative Analyst to assist our growth initiatives with data driven insights. You will work with engineering, marketing, and editorial to analyze what drives user behavior and evaluate tests we are conducting. This work will include6/19/2016 Palo Alto, CA Save This Job
Stride Health is looking for a Member Experience Associate who will deliver on our mission to disrupt the traditional health insurance industry with a high-touch, customer-centric experience. You will do everything in your power to delight our customers ? interacting via email,6/18/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Streetline is seeking a passionate and enthusiastic candidate to join the Client Success and Strategy (CSS) team as a Client Success and Strategy Manager. The candidate will be juggling multiple hats such as managing Client accounts/relationships to ensure customer success,6/18/2016 San Mateo, CA Save This Job
Stride Health is on the lookout for a Product Designer to translate complex software into crisp, clean, mobile-first user experiences. Right off the bat, you'll work with our Product Manager to conceptualize, test, and implement our new products & features in fully-responsive web6/18/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job


text: Cold & Flu Flu Epidemic 2013: Flu Shot Not Protecting Seniors [Infographic] By Erin Hicks and Jasmine Kim, Everyday Health Staff While flu cases are decreasing, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the flu vaccine has done little to protect the elderly. Don't Miss This Could It Be Pneumonia? 5 Surprising Ways Hotels Can Make You Sick Sign Up for Our Healthy Living Newsletter Thanks for signing up! Sign up for more FREE Everyday Health newsletters. Oops! Please enter a valid email address Submit We respect your privacy. Related Articles Flu Vaccine Fell Short for Seniors This Season: CDC Flu Epidemic 2013: Fewer States Reporting Widespread Flu [Infographic] [Infographic] Flu Epidemic 2013: Flu Continues to Wane Last Updated: 2/22/2013 top


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Loss of Lives in Clinical Trials...
Capitol Hill Critics Second-Guess Agencies Using...
Clinical-Style Validation, Regulation, and Quality Control...
Co-Sourcing Improves Pharmaceutical Laboratory Productivity
Charge-based separation of proteins is an important method to assess post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. Protein glycosylation represents a major post-translational modification and can have significant effect on protein function. Changes in carbohydrate structure have been recognized as an important modification associated with cancer.
As an example, serum samples from diseased and healthy individuals were processed by an optimized glycoprotein sample-preparation protocol. The goal was to identify changes in the concentration level and/or the carbohydrate structure of the glycoprotein(s) found. Figure 3 shows alpha 1 antitrypsin, which showed a change in peptide counts after dPC separation.
Parallel isoelectric focusing was first explained in 2003 by scientists at Protein Forest. The dPC uses a discontinuous pH gradient, where each gel feature has a distinct pH (e.g., a dPC 4.20–6.20 has 41 gel features separated by 0.05 pH units) with the electrical field perpendicular to the orientation of the dPC. High electrical field strength is created, allowing rapid (30–45 min) separation wherein the proteins are separated and concentrated at or near the isoelectric point of the protein (Figure 4).
Achieving a durable preclinical role for biomarker discovery relies on methods that are reproducible and reliable. A new tool for biomarker discovery was created in response to the strong need for a simple, reliable, and reproducible method of protein prefractionation. Digitizing the separation of proteins by isoelectric point and changing the format to a parallel method has led to three measureable benefits: high reproducibility, improved coverage, and rapid separation.
Using dPC, complex protein samples such as plasma and cell lysates can be separated with a high degree of reproducibility in 30 minutes. The digital format dictates low lot-to-lot variability, leading to results that are repeatable across multiple laboratories using multiple MS platforms.
Coupled with the post-MSMS bioinformatics software platform, MSRAT™, which is platform- and search engine-independent, it is now possible to reliably identify new and repeatable biomarkers. Together dPC and MSRAT address sample reproducibility and the confounding effects of multiple-platform analysis that have limited proteomic biomarker identification and utility.
James R. Dasch, Ph.D. ([email protected]
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MDMA (commonly known as the empathogen "ecstasy") is classified as a Schedule 1 drug, which is reserved for compounds with no accepted medical use and a high abuse potential. Two researchers from Stanford, however, call for a rigorous scientific exploration of MDMA's effects to identify precisely how the drug works, the data from which could be used to develop therapeutic compounds.Do you agree that ecstasy should be studied for its potential therapeutic benefits?
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Dog that mauled boy ordered into Sheriff Joe Arpaio's custody
PHOENIX — A county judged ordered a dog that mauled a Phoenix boy into the custody of Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio on Tuesday.
The dog, Mickey, will be placed in Arpaio's MASH unit, a no-kill shelter that is home to about 70 cats and dogs that are cared for by inmates. Arpaio will be required to offer a status update on the dog every six months.
"Once we get (the animals) in here, we take care of them — inmates take care of them — most of the food is by donation, most of the equipment is by donation," said MCSO Lt. Brandon Jones.
The goal of the program is to rehabilitate the animals and eventually help find foster families for them.
Mickey however, will be the first dog into the MASH Unit that is under a life sentence and cannot be put up for adoption.
Jones said Mickey will be housed in a former inmate recreation area, which gives him more room than any other cells at MASH, and he will not have any physical contact with the other dogs at the facility.
Jones also said that using inmates to care for the animals has had a positive effect on both the inmates and animals.
"(Inmates) can show them love (and) they get love back," Jones said.
The judge, however, is concerned about a possible run for governor by Arpaio, who is expected to address his candidacy in two weeks.
"As long as I'm the sheriff, nobody is touching my MASH unit," Arpaio said. "The judge's concern was what if I'm not the sheriff. I think it would continue if the new guy or gal is smart. I know I want the dog and let's see what the future brings."
The judge is concerned about a possible run for governor by Arpaio, who is expected to address his candidacy in two weeks.
Melissa Gable of Maricopa County Animal Care and Control said Mickey has not exhibited any other vicious behavior since the February attack.
"In general, you walk by, he doesn't charge his kennel, he doesn't bark excessively," Gable said. "When several of us that he recognizes come by, his tail starts to wag; he gets very wiggly. He'll sit for treats."
Despite Mickey's congenial disposition, Gable said she and the staff still remain on high alert whenever they interact with him.
"I still don't know how comfortable I would be if I had to get into the kennel with him," she said. "I think we still all approach him with some level of caution, just because of the circumstances."
Last month, Municipal Court Judge Deborah Griffin declared the dog vicious and
ruled that it must be neutered, defanged and microchipped. She could have
ordered euthanasia.
The Feb. 20 attack left 4-year-old Kevin Vicente with a broken eye socket and
jaw. An adult who was at the scene asked that the dog be euthanized.
Thousands of animal lovers took to social media to support Mickey, placing
blame with the dog's owners and child's baby sitter.
Arpaio denied he wanted the dog for publicity reasons.
KTAR's Martha Maurer, Jim Cross, Mark Remillard and the Associated Press contributed to this report.
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Sheesh, There's a Reason Women Are 'Totally Crushing It' at the Confessional Essay
It's not a good reason, either!
It's not a good reason, either!
Two weekends ago, after Beyoncé released a mythologically forceful visual album that attached the most significant art of her career to the narrative of her husband Jay Z cheating on her with a woman she called "Becky with the good hair," the fashion designer Rachel Roy—presumably operating of her own…
Obviously I find anything this man does ridiculously entertaining. This is no exception. [Videogum]


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Essential Office Supplies For Teachers
Teachers need to be well organised and have their Essential Office Supplies For Teachers before the start of school. If you are like me and leave things till past the deadline, it is still not to late to start.
Get yourself a Daily Planner. It is a vital part of your day. You do not always have the time to use your lap top, and using your phone is discouraged. Should something happen to your laptop, your daily planner is still there.
This daily planner is perfect as it the calendar year, goal organizer, 2 page monthly view, space for each day has 10 lines, so there is enough space on each page to write descriptions times and meeting places. The cover is made from durable card-stock with matte film lamination.
I like to use Calendar Reminder Stickers although not an Essential Office Supplies For Teachers I would recommend it. I use it on the side of the page. I can see at a glance what is happening for the month. Meetings, birthdays and courses to attend.
These stickers are Calendar Reminder Stickers. You can use them for vacation, doctor visits, deadlines, meetings, field trip, schedule change and so much more.
I just hate having to carry loads of pens around. I found that using a 4+1 Multifunction Ballpoint Pen reduces the amount of pens I have, and reduces pen loss. The four essential colors are all conveniently located in one pen, this one has a pencil with.
Highlighters are must. I use them to highlight points in my lesson plan, to highlight points in my students books when evaluating my students work. It looks so much nicer than red rings or lines. And it does not discourage children from keeping their books neat.
What I love about these are they don't smudge, are retractable so no misplaced caps. The tips are wide enough to allow for a sweep across a line of text, and yet narrow enough to draw fine underlines.
Another must have is a stapler. I have chosen Bostitch Ascend Antimicrobial Stapler simply because it has a staple remover and has a hidden storage for staples. It also has a rubber, non-slip bottom and does the same work as all the other staplers. Mine is pink, but you do get it in other colors.
An electric pencil sharpener well I prefer an electric one as it sharpens without the labor. I have it in my desk draw and one at home. It is a bet tedious using a hand held one when you have a lot of pencils to sharpen.
Chalk is one of the top things to have for your classroom. I like Crayola as it is dust free.
Two-hole punch but if you have files with three rings a three-hole punch is needed.
This one has a 20 sheet paper punch capacity and punches two 1/4 inch holes.
A Color Photo Printer with Scanner and Copier. Buy the best printer you can afford, a black and white printer may be sufficient if you are not going to print pictures. But I do print pictures for visual aids.
Student scissors now unfortunately cheaper is not better by far. Seeing a student battle with blunt, and poorly made scissors just upsets me. They tear more than cut giving in bad work. So I buy Fiskars. They get used for paper and cutting, fabric for collages and any other item that needs cutting for art.
Thank you for visiting my Essential Office Supplies For Teachers post. Please give it a Share, Tweet or Google +.


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Easy administration of Microsoft Active Directory Infrastrukturen and keep track of things?
AD Admin delegates administration into the specialist department and enables you to regain control!
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AD Admin is customizable to your requirements - you no longer have to adjust your requirements to the system!
When developing VA Audit & Admin for AD, one of our goals was to maintain AD content just at the same spot relevant information come up - e.g. your human resources department - without the need for any AD background knowledge. Customizable templates enable simple and reliable information management - any user is only allowed to perform tasks he has been authorized for - while at the same time automatically ensuring data consistency in the background.
The combination of VA Audit & AD Admin enable simplification of internal processes for maintenance of user information. Access rights can be promptly granted, time-consuming and tedious user maintenance are a thing of the past. These tasks are now performed by specialist department staff - flexibly, competently and quick.