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Announcement Get you geek on! Most items are one of a kind if you have any questions please ask.
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Awesome bookmark! Thank You So Much!
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Awesome bookmark! Thank You So Much!
Finding An Outlet To Sell My Crazy Ideas...And My Normal Ones Too
I started my shop because being a military family we move every 3 years and my Etsy shop can move too!
Plus let's face it....I am all over the place with my style. A lot of times at craft shows I am set up for the wrong crowd, this way I can have everything displayed for every taste.
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An Air Force wife for more years then I want to admit! I'm the daughter of a fabrege egg artist/artist/art teacher I was raised to see things from a different point of view. I love upcycling, my clay, painting, sewing, shopping for antiques.....
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Get a first look at Adobe Experience Design. Learn how to use Adobe XD to create interactive prototypes for websites, mobile apps, and other digital experiences.
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Learn how to design wireframes and prototypes with InDesign.
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The actress makes her comeback to television after a long time..
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This Meetup group is to provide ladies a time and place to unwind and have fun! We are based in South Riding, but membership is open to females in the Dulles South area. Members of our group range from unmarried women without kids to married women with kids and everyone in between - we have young ladies and ladies who are young at heart, females who work out of the home as well as those who work at home :) At our Meetups, you will get to eat out, watch a movie, play a board game, in addition to many other activities; but most of all, you'll enjoy getting to know fellow members through good old-fashioned chit chat!
This a casual and easygoing group :) We meet at least three times a month in and around South Riding (or farther) doing different activities. Meetup ideas are always welcome, as is interest in becoming an Assistant Organizer! It is FREE to join the group, but voluntary donations are contributed to help maintain the site. Also, an inactive status for 3 months or more is possible grounds for removal. Feedback is greatly appreciated by participating in Polls, replying to questions from your Organizer & Assistant Organizers, and RSVP'ing to Meetup events!
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Sunday, 31 July 2016
Last updated 1 day ago
Oct 27 2011 | 6:46am ET
Paulson & Co. can't win for losing this year.
The New York-based hedge fund, burned badly by falling stocks all year, finally began cutting its exposure to equities—just in time to see the stock market rally this month, The Wall Street Journal reports. Paulson's decision to reduce risk in its funds means that the firm's largest fund, Paulson Advantage, which lost almost 47% during the first nine months of the year, is up less than 1% this month—while the Standard & Poor's 500 Index is up almost 10%.
The news couldn't come at a worst time for the $30 billion firm: Investors have until the end of the month to file redemption requests from its flagship Advantage and Advantage Plus funds, which are down between 30% and 47% this year after a brutal September.
Paulson has enjoyed an enviable track-record of double-digit returns over the past four years. But the firm will have to almost double investors' remaining money in November and December to simply break-even this year.
Jul 8 2016 | 7:01pm ET
Recent market volatility has investors seeking greater insight into alternative...
Jul 25 2016 | 6:29pm ET
If you are compelled by stories of entrepreneurial vision & drive, or simply...
Jul 22 2016 | 8:44pm ET
When the press reports extraordinarily strong relative or risk-adjusted returns...


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 13, 2009
|Filing date
|Apr 5, 2005
|Priority date
|Apr 5, 2004
|Fee status
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|Publication number
|Won Chun
|Original Assignee
|Actuality Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (10), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Under 35 USC �119(e)(1), this application claims the benefit of prior U.S. provisional applications 60/559,753, filed Apr. 5, 2004 and 60/565,388, filed Apr. 26, 2004. Both of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
This invention relates to electronic display technology, and more particularly to processing image data for volumetric three-dimensional (hereinafter "3-D") displays.
There are many types of 3-D displays, such as volumetric displays whose imagery occupies a real 3-D volume. Some volumetric displays are multiplanar, that is, the imagery is composed of an aggregate of surfaces. Many embodiments of multiplanar 3-D displays produce 3-D imagery by illuminating a projection screen undergoing periodic motion. One example of a projection screen for generating a 3-D image is shown in
In general, in one aspect, a method includes providing initial data corresponding to an image projected by a three dimensional display. The method also includes generating a plurality of sets of data from the initial data. Each set of data corresponds to an intersection of the three dimensional image of the object with a surface. The method also includes displaying the three dimensional image of the object using a three dimensional display based on the sets of data.
Preferred embodiments may include one or more of the following features. The surface can be a two-dimensional surface. The two-dimensional surfaces used to generate the plurality of sets of data can intersect at a common axis. The method can include calibrating the sets of data based on calibration information associated with the three dimensional display. The calibration can reduce a distortion of the three dimensional image introduced by the three dimensional display. Calibrating the sets of data can include performing a linear transform on the initial data to reduce the effect of distortion.
The method can also include operating on the sets of data to re-center the three dimensional image. The operation to re-center the three-dimensional image can include performing a linear transform on the initial data based on information provided by a user of the three-dimensional display. The method can also include operating on the sets of data to re-orient the three-dimensional image. The operation to re-orient the three-dimensional image can include performing a linear transform operation on the first set of data based information provided by a user of the three-dimensional display. The method can also include operating on the sets of data to re-scale the three-dimensional image. The operation to re-scale the three-dimensional image can include performing a linear transform on the initial data based on information provided by a user of the three-dimensional display.
Generating the plurality of sets of data can include converting a color for a particular pixel from an initial format to a display format. Converting the color can include reducing a number of bits representing a color for the particular pixel in the sets of data relative to a number of bits representing a color for the pixel in the initial data. Reducing the number of bits representing the color can include converting the color for the particular pixel from a multi-bit representation to a single bit representation. Converting the color can include shifting a most significant bit of the plurality of bits into a buffer and performing a threshold analysis on the most significant bit. Generating the sets of data can include generating the sets of data using a general processing unit. The general processing unit can include a video card.
The method can also include superimposing a second image on the displayed three-dimensional image of using the three dimensional display. The second image can be a three-dimensional image. The second image can be a three-dimensional image of the same object based on data from a source different from the source of the initial data. The second image can also be a three-dimensional image same object as the image displayed three-dimensional image, the second image can be generated based on a different set of initial data. The second image can be a computer-generated icon.
The method can also include operating on the sets of data to re-color at least a portion of the three dimensional image. The method can also include adjusting the three-dimensional image in real time based on information provided by a user of the three-dimensional display.
In general, in one aspect, a method includes providing initial data corresponding to a three dimensional image projected by a three dimensional display and generating a plurality of sets of data based on the initial data. Each set of data corresponds to an intersection a two dimensional surface with the three dimensional image. The method includes comparing each set of data to a corresponding threshold data structure. Each threshold data structure can be generated based on a threshold data structure corresponding to an adjacent data set, where the adjacent data set is the data set corresponding to the adjacent intersection of the two dimensional surface with the three dimensional image.
Preferred embodiments may include one or more of the following features
Each threshold data structure can include a matrix of threshold values. A first of the threshold data structures can be generated by performing a permutation and negation the matrix elements of the threshold data structure for the adjacent data set. Each set of data can include a plurality of elements corresponding to pixels in the three dimensional image, and comparing each set of data to the corresponding threshold data structure can include determining if a value for a particular pixel in the data set is greater than a value associated with the particular pixel in the associated threshold data structure.
In general, in one aspect, a method includes sequentially generating a plurality of sets of data, each set corresponding to an intersection of an image projected by a three dimensional display with a two dimensional surface. The method includes sequentially projecting images onto a rotating screen to render a three dimensional image of the object. Each projected image can be produced based on a corresponding set of data. The sequence in which the images are projected can be different from the sequence in which the sets of data are generated.
Preferred embodiments may include one or more of the following features. Projecting the images can include projecting the plurality of sets of data in a sequential order for sets of data that represent adjacent sets of data in the three dimensional image of the object.
Aspects of the invention can provide one or more of the following advantages. In one aspect, the system and algorithms can perform efficient data processing to generate 3-D imagery. In an additional aspect, the system allows an operator to manipulate the displayed image thereby improving the versatility of the display. In an additional aspect, the system enables a user to superimpose a second 3-D image onto a first projected 3-D image providing the advantage of allowing a user to view disparate types of data or allowing a user to point out a particular portion of the image. In an additional aspect, portions of the image can be re-colored or highlighted providing the advantage of allowing a particular feature to be clearly distinguished from other portions of the image. In an additional aspect, a dither kernel can be rotated for adjacent slices providing the advantage of comparing the pixels in adjacent slices to different threshold values. In an additional aspect, the data slices can be rendered in a non-sequential order to provide the advantage of allowing a user to view and manipulate a low-resolution image of full object before all of the data slices are generated and uploaded to the display.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
In general, the systems and methods described herein may be used to transform initial image data into a format that is appropriate for a corresponding type of electronic display, including 2-D and 3-D displays, such as, for example, holographic video displays, multi-view displays, or multiplanar (or other) volumetric displays. For example, the system and methods can be used to convert data acquired using conventional medical imaging technologies (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed axial tomography (CAT)), geological imaging technologies, and/or images generated using computer-aided drawing (CAD) technologies into an appropriate format to generate a 3-D image of the data on the display.
Embodiments of the systems and methods allow an operator to manipulate the displayed image, for example, in real time, improving the versatility and value of the display. As an example, the systems and methods can enable a user of a 3-D display not only to take data from a conventional data source, but to manipulate the image in real time to provide enhanced visualization of one or more features of the image. For example, embodiments of the systems and methods enable a user to re-center, re-orient, or re-scale the displayed image. Such operations allow the user to view a desired portion of the object in a desired size and orientation. In addition to re-centering, re-orienting, or re-scaling the image, other manipulations are possible. For example, portions of the image can be re-colored or highlighted such that a particular feature can be clearly distinguished from other portions of the image.
Embodiments also enable a user to superimpose a second 3-D image onto a first projected 3-D image. For example, a display system can project a computer generated icon (e.g., a computer generate pointer) in addition to the 3-D image generated from the initial image data. This allows a user to interact with the displayed image, for example, to point out various portions of the displayed image using a visible indicator that is projected onto the 3-D image. In another example, a displayed image can incorporate multiple sets of initial image data, effectively projecting images corresponding to the different initial image data concurrently. For example, in medical imaging applications, the systems and methods can be used to concurrently display both fused images from different sources (e.g., fusing images from a CAT scan and a PET scan of the same organ)
Referring now to
In order to generate a 3-D image, initial image data is divided into multiple sets of data (also referred to below as slices of data), each corresponding to a two-dimensional section of the 3-D image, and each set of data is projected onto screen 5 when the screen is at a particular position or rotation. A commercially-available example that operates in this fashion is the Perspecta� Spatial 3-D Display (from Actuality Systems, Inc., Burlington, Mass.). Furthermore, additional embodiments of such displays are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,554,430, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
As shown in
More specifically, the GPU maps a 2-D surface (e.g., a polygon) to a surface specified in the image space of the 3-D image data based on vertex coordinates of the 3-D data. Each of the 2-D surfaces intersect at a common axis 251. The mapping between the image data and the contents of the 2-D slice should mimic the mapping from the projected slice in the display into real space. For example, a plane (300, 305, 310) intersects the image data (250, 250, 250) resulting in an intersection (320, 325, 330). In some embodiments, a host computer, running software for visualization of, e.g., medical imaging data, uses a video card to transform the data for rapid and interactive display in a volumetric three-dimensional display.
Setup process 406 includes loading 400 calibration geometry data from a file (e.g., a stored external to the display system 50) to the GPU. The calibration geometry data can be specific to the display and can be used to correct for manufacturing variations in the display (e.g., the calibration geometry can correct for distortion based on variation in the optical components). The calibration geometry data can also be used to reduce the effects of distortion that are introduced by the display (e.g., distortion due to the angle or rotation of screen 5 onto which the image is displayed). Setup process 406 also includes selecting a slice buffer resolution 402. The slice buffer is a buffer that includes data of a higher resolution or fill color range. The slice buffer resolution can be selected to achieve a desired detail and color resolution in the projected image. For example, if a digital micromirror device (DMD) is used to generate the image, the detail and color resolution can be selected to be the resolution of the DMD. A DMD (Texas Instruments, Plano, Tex.) is a high-bandwidth spatial light modulator. In addition, setup process 406 includes initializing various factors used in algorithms for transforming the 3-D data into a format used by the display.
Pre-render process 414 includes loading image data 408 onto the GPU from a data source (e.g., a data source external to display system 50). During the pre-render process 414 the GPU also processes user specified image transforms 414. For example, a user may manipulate or transform an image by re-centering, re-orienting, or re-scaling the image with respect to the location, orientation, or size of the initial image. Pre-render process 414 can also include processing other user inputs that will affect the displayed image.
Rendering process 424 is used to generate 2-D data slices in a format that can be uploaded from the GPU to the display. The 2-D data slices can be generated by the GPU based on the initial data loaded into the image processing system 50. Rendering process 424 includes performing texture mapping 416. Texture mapping is a process that maps a 2-D surface (e.g., a polygon) with coordinates in the 3-D image data. This mapping mimics the mapping from the projected slice on the display into real space.
Rendering process 424 also includes performing color mapping 418. Color mapping is a process used to represent the color of a pixel in a format used by the display. For example, in some embodiments, high color resolution data (e.g., 256 colors) is converted into a single bit (e.g., on/off) representation for each color such that the data can be displayed using the DMD.
Rendering process 424 also includes performing data formatting 420. Data formatting includes converting the data from an original format to a format understandable by the display. For example, data formatting can include converting higher precision image data to lower precision image data. Details of the above processes are described in more detail below.
Before executing the volumetric rendering algorithm, display system 50 initializes several elements.
In display system 50, slice calibration geometry data is loaded into the GPU. The slice calibration geometry data describes the surfaces onto which the 3-D image is displayed. For example, the geometry data for a cylindrical coordinate system can include the degree of rotation of the screen 5. In some embodiments, the display has 396 surfaces (e.g., planes) of predictable orientations (e.g., having predefined theta) forming a double cover of a cylindrical coordinate system; for each slice s in [0, 198), slice s and s+198 occupy the same region. The optics of the display system can introduce variation in the projected image. In addition to the different orientation and coordinates for each of the slices, the system may introduce distortion. Both the differences in orientation and the distortion can be accounted for in the initialization. In order to correct for manufacturing variations of the display, each slice has a unique calibration transformation matrix. A calibration transform matrix is a matrix that is used for manipulating the image data based on the desired calibrations. The calibration transformation matrices are determined a priori during a separate calibration process. Different displays can possess unique sets of calibration transformation matrices.
For example, in some embodiments, a simple form of display calibration is a per-slice 2-D homogeneous transformation (a 3�3 matrix, with 8 degrees of freedom). This matrix is computed by inferring the transformation from four known points to four unknown points. The points are non-collinear. If the four points are arranged in a slice of a known configuration (e.g. a square), then a 3�3 matrix can be recovered using linear algebra. This operation need not be performed for every slice. For example, it can be sufficient to perform the operation for a few slices (6, for example) and interpolate the transform between slices.
During the initialization process, the slice geometry should be loaded onto the GPU. For each slice, each location and associated calibration transformation matrix should be loaded. The GPU uses two off-screen rendering buffers: a slice buffer and an output buffer. As described above, the slice buffer is a buffer that includes data of a higher resolution or full color range. In contrast, the output buffer includes data formatted for the display. For example, if a DMD display is used, the higher resolution data can be used to generate data having a single on/off representation for each color of the pixel. If off-screen rendering buffers are implemented as rendering contexts then these rendering contexts should be able to share textures.
In some embodiments, a geometric model is described as a collection of triangles, which are described in terms of vertices, which has some 3-D position (x, y, z). Additionally, for texture mapping, each vertex has a 2-D texture coordinate (s,t). The correspondence between positions and texture coordinates define a warping function that maps points on a model to points within a texture image. When the model is drawn, the color of each point of the model is determined by the corresponding point in the texture image. The range of legal texture coordinates are in the unit interval [0, 1].
Subsequent to loading the slice geometry, the slice buffer resolution is selected to achieve the desired level of detail in the projected image on the display. For example, in some embodiments, each slice natively has a resolution of 768 by 768 pixels with 3-bit color depth (one bit each for red, green and blue color channels). Because the GPU renders at a significantly higher color depth (typically between 5 and 8 bits per color channel), the GPU converts higher precision image data (e.g., data in the GPU format) to lower precision image data (e.g., data in the DMD format) to reduce the effective resolution of each slice. This process is called halftoning. For example, in some embodiments, slice buffer resolutions of 256 by 256 to 768 by 768 can be used. At lower resolutions, the image quality may suffer, but can still be useful. The slice buffers need not be of the same square aspect ratio as the native slice resolution (e.g., a slice buffer resolution of 512 by 256 is acceptable).
The contents of a slice buffer should be bound (e.g., used as the current context) as a texture called the slice texture. The slice texture should enable texture filtering, and can set both horizontal and vertical texture wrap modes. In some embodiments, the render-to-texture Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) application program interface (API) extension allows off-screen rendering buffers to be later bound as textures. If this extension is available, the slice buffer and slice texture occupy the same region of video memory. Otherwise, it becomes necessary to copy the slice buffer to a separate slice texture. Because GPUs often prefer power-of-two texture dimensions, it can be advantageous to select a slice buffer resolution with power-of-two dimensions (e.g. 256�256 or 128�32).
In some embodiments, the output buffer is selected to have a lower resolution than the original resolution of the image data. For example, the output buffer resolution can be selected to be a fraction (e.g., ⅛th) of the native slice resolution horizontally and the same as or a fraction of the native slice resolution vertically. In some embodiments, the output buffer resolution is 96 by 768 pixels.
During the initialization, the dither matrix is loaded as a 2-D texture called the dither texture. The dither matrix includes a set of threshold values used to convert the higher precision image data to lower precision image data. The dither texture should disable texture filtering and set both horizontal and vertical texture coordinate wrap modes to repeat. This allows a dither matrix to be used to cover the entire slice buffer without having the same resolution. In some embodiments, the dither matrix includes a noisy threshold function and results in a tradeoff between the resolution of the displayed image and the color of the image.
The initialization process also includes initializing a color map. In general, the color map corresponds to a lookup table used to determine a color associated with a particular pixel based on the image data. In some embodiments, volumetric image data is not directly rendered. Instead, it first undergoes a color map lookup. The color map lookup is implemented as a 1-D texture called the color map texture (as described below). The color map texture can enable texture filtering and can set the texture coordinate wrap mode to various settings. Texture wrap modes determine how coordinates outside this range are mapped back into the legal range. Examples of texture wrap modes include a clamp mode and a repeat mode. In clamp mode, coordinates greater than 1 are mapped to 1 and coordinates less than 0 are mapped to 0. In repeat mode, only the fractional part of the coordinates is used. For example, in some embodiments, the display supports 8-bit image data. Therefore, in order to have a unique entry for each possible value in the image the color map texture should have 256 entries.
During the initialization, shader programs are also loaded into the GPU. A shader program is a program that executes on the general processor (e.g., the video card) and performs color mapping and dithering as described below. Each off-screen rendering buffer has a shader program associated with it. The slice buffer has a fragment program called the color map shader and the output buffer has a fragment program called the output shader. The color map shader performs a color map operation and the output shader formats the slice for spatial light modulator output (e.g., DMD output).
In some embodiments, the display includes a double-buffered frame buffer acting as a backing store and the rendering algorithm is only executed when necessary. A number of events can trigger algorithm execution. For example, the algorithm can be executed in response to feature changes. For example, the algorithm can be executed when the user loads new image data, when the image data is manipulated, or when the color map changes.
Referring to
As described below, the user can manipulate the image data 250 by re-centering it, re-orienting it, or re-scaling it. The user can focus on specific regions to present details in a clearer manner. For example, if the user wants to view a particular section of the entire image in greater detail, the user can virtually reposition the display around the section and zoom in so that the interesting section fills the display.
The user can manipulate the color map texture to filter relevant portions of the image. In some embodiments, for example, the user selects a range of relevant image values, and portions of the image outside that range are not drawn. Within the range, image values are mapped linearly such that the smallest value in the range is black and the largest value in the range is white. Because the underlying method uses dependent texture mapping, the rendering algorithm is more flexible and allows an arbitrary mapping of image values to colors.
As shown in
The basic rendering algorithm is performed using both a GPU and a CPU. Through pipelining, both the CPU and the GPU can work concurrently. In some embodiments, the GPU performs most of the computational work while the CPU directs the GPU and moves data from the GPU to display 326.
The GPU performs the initial steps of volume rendering on slice buffer 324. Slice buffer 324 should be made current. Thus, the GPU binds slice buffer 324 as the current rendering buffer. After slice buffer 324 is made current, the inputs for slice buffer 324 should be bound. In some embodiments, the GPU binds the color map texture, image data texture, and color map shader program before rendering occurs in the slice buffer.
The GPU also performs cylindrical slice mapping or texture mapping. Texture mapping is the process when a GPU maps a polygon specified in the texture image with texture coordinates to a polygon specified in the image space with vertex coordinates. The mapping between the image data texture and the contents of the slice buffer should mimic the mapping from the projected slice in the display into real space. The texture coordinates index the corresponding slice of the image data texture.
The GPU also performs geometric operation sand calibration transforms on the image data 250. For example, in some embodiments, the projector is fixed at the end of a folded optical path. From the frame of reference of rotating screen assembly, projected image appears to be oblique and rotating. To achieve a properly oriented projected image, image transformations (respectively, a perspective projection and a rotation) should be inverted. Determining these inverse transformations is called calibration, and the calibration transformations are stored on the display. Because the transformations are non-singular linear transformations, the inverse transformation is also a non-singular linear transformation.
An example of the calibration transformation is shown, for example, in
The desired image 205 appears distorted on the screen when naively projected as an un-calibrated projection 210. For example, due to the orientation of screen 5, the image may appear elongated or skewed if it is projected without being calibrated. In addition, various defects or characteristics of the optical path and other components may produce additional distortion in un-calibrated projection 210. Such distortion can be corrected or accounted for using the calibration of the image data. For example, the GPU can perform an inverse calibration transform of the image data such that the calibrated image 215 appears correct. The calibration transform can make the calibrated image appear as if the un-calibrated image 210 were projected upon an oblique screen.
In some embodiments, the GPU performs geometric operations (such as rotations, translations, and scaling) to the image before displaying. For example, in some embodiments the user can zoom in on a particular region of a medical image. These geometric operations can be expressed as linear transformations.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Because both the calibration and geometric operations are linear transformations, they are composable as a linear transformation. In some embodiments, the GPU performs both transformations in a 4�4 matrix and uses the GPU texture matrix to perform the composed transformation. The calibration and geometric operations can include transformation to correct for distortion in the system or to modify the image based on user input such as re-centering, re-orienting, or re-scaling of the image.
The GPU also renders the slice to texture. For example, the GPU can draw a full-screen quad in the slice buffer. In some embodiments, the fragment program only runs for each pixel rendered. Rendering a full-screen quad is a convenient way of rendering to all pixels in a buffer, thereby executing the fragment program for every pixel. The color map shader program runs for each pixel in the slice buffer. The GPU binds the output as the current rendering buffer and the next steps of volume rendering are performed on the output buffer. After the output buffer is made current, the inputs for the output buffer should be bound. The slice texture, dither texture and output shader are all bound before rendering occurs in the slice buffer.
The GPU also renders the DMD formatted slice. For example, the GPU can draw a full-screen quad in the output buffer. The output shader runs for each pixel in the output buffer. The quad's texture coordinates are set up such that each output shader pixel fetches 8 adjacent pixels from the slice texture. The output shader halftones the image texture using the dither matrix and packs them into a single pixel in the output shader. The rendering of the DMD formatted slice uses data from a slice texture to generate an output that the DMD display can understand. For example, the rendering can include converting the data into a single bit per color representation as used by the DMD.
After the image data is formatted into a format compatible with the spatial light modulator (e.g., a DMD), the data is copied from the GPU-accessible video memory to CPU-accessible memory.
The GPU copies the front buffer to the back buffer. More specifically, in the some embodiments the DMD frame buffer is large. In such embodiments, because the DMD frame buffer bandwidth is large, the display only allows drawing commands to the back buffer. However, it provides an efficient way to copy the contents of the front buffer to the back buffer. This way, it is possible to progressively update the display volume by sending image data incrementally. Before the new slice is uploaded copy the contents of the front buffer to the back buffer.
At this point, the back buffer contains the same content as the front buffer. The contents of the output buffer are copied from CPU-accessible memory to the appropriate slice in the back buffer. This uploads a new slice to display.
Much like other double-buffered rendering hardware, in some embodiments, the GPU provides an efficient buffer swap operation to avoid "tearing" in the displayed volume. Double buffering uses two separate buffers to hide or reduce the effects of the incremental process of rendering. Rendering is performed (invisibly) on the render buffer while a separate, visible buffer is presented on the display. When rendering is completed, the two buffers are swapped. Swapping the front and back buffer displays the newly uploaded slice among the previously drawn slices. Visually, observers only see completely rendered scenes.
In addition to the features described above, embodiments can also include one or more of the processes described below.
Color Mapping is a method with particular utility in medical imaging. Original VGA video cards had a similar kind of indirection; a frame buffer stored a set of 8-bit image values and the RAMDAC contained a 256-entry color table. During a screen refresh, for each pixel in the frame buffer the RAMDAC would look up the 8-bit image value in the 256-entry color table and output that indexed color to the monitor.
In some embodiments, the rendering algorithm does not perform this look up during refresh; instead, it performs it when it renders slices. As shown in
The display system can also perform DMD formatting. In order to exploit the high bandwidth of the DMD as useful display resolution (e.g., within an autostereoscopic display), it can useful to employ an efficient computational device such as GPU. GPUs are efficient in performing graphical computation and their commoditization and broad adoption throughout consumer electronics has made them relatively cheap and powerful. However, DMDs and GPUs operate on different data sizes. This is often referred to as a computational "impedence mismatch." A DMD is natively a 1-bit per pixel spatial light modulator with separate planes for each of 3 color channels (red, green, and blue). A GPU typically stores each of 4 color (red, green, and blue+alpha) channels in 8-bit precision. Thus, a format conversion is needed for the two to communicate.
As described above, the process of converting higher precision image data (e.g., data in the GPU format) to lower precision image data (e.g., data in the DMD format) is called halftoning. Halftoning reduces the number of bits used to represent a pixel. In order for the GPU to efficiently perform halftoning in a fragment shader program, a pixel-parallel algorithm should be used. For example, the GPU can use dispersed-dot ordered dithering, a process well understood by those familiar in the art.
A dither matrix should be loaded as a 2-D texture called a dither texture. As described above, the dither matrix includes a set of threshold values used to convert the higher precision image data to lower precision image data. In general, a value for a particular pixel can be compared to an associated entry in the dither matrix to produce an on/off representation based on whether the value for the pixel is greater than, equal, or lower than the associated threshold value.
The dither texture should disable texture filtering and set both horizontal and vertical texture coordinate wrap modes to repeat. This is so that a dither matrix can be repeated to cover the entire source image without matching the same resolution.
As shown in
For example, the dither kernel 285 shown in
Rotating the dither kernel for adjacent slices can provide various advantages. For example, by effectively rotating the dither texture by 90-degree increments for each consecutive slice of data, the pixels in adjacent slices will be compared to different threshold values. Thus, the rotation of the dither kernel assures that the threshold values for adjacent slices of data are not correlated.
For example, by rotating the dither matrix 285 shown in
In some embodiments, it can be beneficial to have non-correlated threshold values to reduce artifacts in the image and to distinguish among different shades of a particular color. This can be useful, for example, between adjacent slices or adjacent views in the display to hide the periodicity of the dither texture.
While the exemplary dither matrix described above is a 3�3 matrix, any size matrix can be used. For example in some embodiments, the size of the dither matrix is 16�16.
During slice generation, each color component in each pixel of the source image value 255 is compared with the corresponding color component in the pixel in the dither texture. If the value of the image component is greater than the dither component then the output for that component is 0.5, otherwise it is 0.
The most significant bit (MSB) for each of the N adjacent components are packed into a single N-bit component in a manner similar to a shift register implemented as a GPU fragment shader. A register, referred to as the "shift" register, is dedicated to perform the component-wise shift of the MSBs. Initially, the shift register is cleared to zeroes. In some embodiments, this does not need to be performed explicitly because all registers are initialized to zeroes in a fragment program. In some embodiments, N equals 8.
A halftoned pixel is read from a texture (400, 420, 440). It is added to the shift register (405, 425, 445). Because the pixel can only have a non-zero bit in the MSB of each component, it can only affect the MSBs of the shift register, essentially copying the MSBs. Then, the shift register is "right shifted" by multiplying the shift register by 0.5 (410, 430). This process is repeated until N adjacent halftoned pixels are read and packed into the shift register. Then, the shift register is stored as the output 450.
While certain embodiments have been described above, some embodiments can include additional features.
In some embodiments, the GPU can perform anisotropic filtering. Normally, GPUs are capable of band-limiting the texture to avoid aliasing. However, when rendering slices, the direction perpendicular to the slice is not considered by the GPU. Therefore, it can be important to band-limit the signal in the texture axis perpendicular to the slice. This can be accomplished in the color map shader. In some embodiments, the perpendicular axis can be encoded as a function of position in the slice buffer. For example, a texture map can be used. In some embodiments, the thickness of a slice varies slowly and linearly. Thus, it can be approximated by a low resolution texture, which acts as a position-indexed lookup table.
In some embodiments, the slices can be rendered as a batch. As described above, individual slices can be rendered individually. However, it can be inefficient to render individual slices because switching between different rendering contexts (for example, the slice buffer and the output buffer) can be a time consuming operation that requires performance-stealing synchronization on the GPU. To reduce the number of context switches, the rendering algorithm can perform each stage of the operation to multiple slices before moving on to the next stage. This approach can also parallelize the operation across multiple GPUs.
In some embodiments, the slices can be loaded in a non-sequential order such that the image is generated using a progressive update scheme. Due to the length of time needed to upload data to the display, it can be desirable to provide feedback to the user as quickly as possible, as well as allow the user to interrupt the algorithm to manipulate the image at a rate faster than a full volume update. In order to give the user timely feedback of the entire volume, the displayed slices can be distributed around the volume rather than drawn sequentially. When rendering batches of slices, the slices within a batch can be dispersed uniformly rather than clustered, and the batches themselves should be interleaved in a similar manner.
For example, as shown in
For example, in comparing the image after the rendering of 3 slices (e.g., as shown in
In some embodiments, the system can support multi-channel or vector image data types (e.g., fused PET/CT). For example, color-mapping can be viewed as a mini-algorithm within the greater algorithm because GPUs are programmable. The mini-algorithm can be viewed as an "input" to the greater algorithm and not really part of the algorithm itself. The image data can be considered an input to the mini-algorithm than an input to the greater. This distinction is important because specifying the greater algorithm should not depend on the choice of mini-algorithm.
The general role of the color map shader can be called "color generation." Different color generation shaders can have differing numbers and kinds of inputs. For example, a very simple color generation shader might take no inputs and only generate a static image. A more sophisticated color generation shader might take multiple image inputs and other parameters. A medical imaging application, as an example, may fuse data from both structural scans (e.g., CT) and functional scans (e.g., PET or MRI). In another example, seismic imaging frequently combines several forms of data, such as porosity, permeability or lithofacy. Additional inputs can be synthesized and pre-computed based on the input image data. For example, the gradient magnitude and curvature can be a useful measure that helps better isolate particular image features.
Conceptually, color generation may consist of two tasks: classification and shading. The color mapping shader is a simple color generation shader that performs classification and coloring in a single step.
For example, regions of high gradient magnitude in CT images typically indicate a boundary between two structural features and regions of high value in PET images typically indicate highly active functional features. A "higher order" classification can combine information in these two separate classifications to achieve a better presentation than either separately. For example, one may be able to highlight a tumor boundary by finding boundaries of structural features (e.g., from CT gradient magnitude) that are also active functionally (e.g., from PET value).
In shading, classification yields information about what an image represents on an element-by-element (e.g., pixel-by-pixel) level. To visualize these classifications, some method is chosen to convert a classification to a color. Typical choices include (but are not limited to) lighting or texture mapping.
In some embodiments, a programmable shading can be used. As described above color mapping is one method to display data. However, color mapping does not necessarily extend well to multi-channel or vector image data. GPUs are programmable; because the display-specific parts of the algorithm (calibration, slicing, halftoning, packing) are performed separately from the display-independent parts (transformation, color mapping), it is possible to expose the full programmability of the GPU during rendering. This can allow the user to create methods of viewing the data that are specific to the application and create value for the algorithm outside the field of medical volume visualization.
In some embodiments, the user may want to overlay geometric rendering with volumetric images. For example, a user might desire to display both the volumetric image and a set of three-dimensional coordinates. In an additional example, the user may desire to display a computer-generated icon such as a pointer in addition to the image. The computer-generated icon can be based on input received from a user such that the user can control the icon to point to different portions of the image.
In general, while the projection screens in the embodiments described above are disk-shaped, projection screens of other shapes can be used, such as, for example, rectangular plane or helical screens. Moreover, although the screen assembly in system 50 is flat, in certain embodiments, the screen assembly may be of other shapes, such as a cylinder, a complete (non-truncated) sphere, or any solid, although there are advantages to the solid's having symmetry about the rotational axis (for balance and for minimized air resistance) and being as optically neutral as possible (facets may cause unwanted reflections, diffraction, and so forth). Furthermore, additional optical elements may be included in display systems to perform image enhancement (e.g., of brightness, viewing angle sensitivity, etc.) or may vary the color or brightness of the image or sections of the image; for instance, to equalize the apparent 3-D image brightness regardless of position from the axis of rotation.
Moreover, while the foregoing description is made in the context of certain embodiments of 3-D displays, the methods and systems can be implemented in other display architectures. For example, other exemplary display architectures are described in G. E. Favalora et al, "Volumetric three-dimensional display system with rasterization hardware," in Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems VIII, Andrew J. Woods, Mark T. Bolas, John O. Merritt, Stephen A. Benton, Editors, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4297, pp. 227-235 (2001), G. E. Favalora et al, "100 Million-voxel volumetric display," in Cockpit Displays IX: Displays for Defense Applications, Darrel G. Hopper, Editor, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4712, pp. 300-312 (2002), U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,967,905, 3,140,415, 6,100,862, and 6,554,430.
Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 13, 2005
Owner name: ACTUALITY SYSTEMS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
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text:
All hotels in Windermere, England, United Kingdom
1 room, 2 adults
6 College Road, Windermere, England, LA23 1BX, United Kingdom, 800-491-6126
Holly Lodge Guest House, Cumbria (county)
Lowest price$56
Best Price Guarantee
Upscale B&B on lake in Windermere
- Free breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 9 smoke-free guestrooms
- Daily housekeeping
- Limited hour front desk
What's around
- In a national park
- Lake District National Park (0.2 mi / 0.3 km)
- World of Beatrix Potter (1 mi / 1.7 km)
- Old Laundry Theatre (1.1 mi / 1.8 km)
- Windermere Golf Club (1.9 mi / 3 km)
- Brockhole - the Lake District Visitor Centre (2.5 mi / 4 km)
For families
- Private bathroom
- Television
- Free toiletries
- Daily housekeeping
- Coffee/tea maker
- Digital TV service
Friendly staff and wonderful breakfast. A little too close to some noisy construction,…
Excellent hotel - great breakfast. It is a good 20-25 minute walk to the lake. Plenty of…
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4.5
From 156 reviews
Holly Lodge Guest House, Cumbria (county)
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $56
- Standard Double Room (Room 4)
- Single Room
- Quadruple Room, 1 Double or 2 Single Beds, Ensuite
- Single Room, Ensuite
- Standard Double Room (Room 9)
- Standard Double Room (Room 5)
- Double Room, Ensuite
- Family Room, Ensuite
- Deluxe Double Room, Ensuite
- Family Room
- Deluxe Double Room (Room 3)
- Twin Room
- Deluxe Double Room (Room 6)
- Luxury Double Room, Ensuite
- Deluxe Double Room (Room 2)
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 9 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- Check-in time 4 PM-8 PM
- Check-out time is 10 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Four Star Cumbria (county) hotels
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Free breakfast
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Year Built 1854
In the room
Home comforts
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
Things to enjoy
- Individually decorated
Freshen up
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Free toiletries
Be entertained
- Digital TV channels
- IPod docking station
Stay connected
- Free WiFi
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Recent reviews
Excellent 4.3 /5 from 134 reviews
Holly Lodge Guest House, Cumbria (county)
Comfort and friendliness, small, homey feel.
3 women 3 nights. Friendly staff. Easy location for use of train and bus without a car. Several fine restaurants close by. Excellent breakfast and they packed some snacks for our early departure date. Simple and relaxing.
Holly Lodge Guest House, Cumbria (county)
A welcome sight for sore feet!
This place did not disappoint, it was just as lovely as the pictures presented it. The staff were very accommodating when we asked to store our bags before our check in time. The lodge itself is a bit of a walk to the actual lake but right around the corner from the town centre. However, after a day of touing on foot we were met with a very clean and cozy room. In the morning, there was a buffet style selection of cereals, fruit and yogurt in addition to a nice cooked breakfast. The vegetarian style English breakfast was just fine and they were quick to serve you an individual pot of tea or coffee. Overall, I was very pleased with my stay and would certainly book a room again in the future.
Holly Lodge Guest House, Cumbria (county)
Exceeds expectations
---Charming and efficient proprietress, delicious and ample breakfast, safe parking, convenient to buses to explore the Lake District. Overall, it is a very nice B&B. Check their website for the size room you want; they seem priced by size. We had one of the smaller ones, nicely appointed but a bit tight.
Holly Lodge Guest House, Cumbria (county)
Holly Lodge
Location, staff, and breakfast were great. But we had one of the attic guest rooms. Bathroom was very tight and felt small due to sloping ceiling and a cross beam. Easy to hit your head and had to bend over to reach parts of the room.
Holly Lodge Guest House, Cumbria (county)
Nice location
This B&B was nicely located. It was minutes away from the town centre and highly accessible by car to other towns in the Lake District. However, the room was very small. During our stay, it was quite noisy with foot traffic up and down the stairs and door banging in early morning hours.
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text:
I am using modal pop using jquery, taking help from the site: Modal form in my ASP.NET MVC3 project.
In the project, I am using
@Using(@Html.BeginForm(FormMethod.Get)) to take all the values in a model object (and passing it to my HttpPost Actionresult method in controller) using "Submit" type button of html. But when I click on the button which opens the dialog form, the whole page is getting refreshed and modal pop up is getting closed. When I am not using
@Using(@Html.BeginForm(FormMethod.Get)) then modal pop up is working fine but then i cannot take values and cannot submit my form because Submit button will not work.
Please tell me the solution. The code i have used is almost same as the link i mentioned above .


text:
Talk:1939 NAIA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament
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For example, when the storm is long past the cam- era/gaze, the latter were not suggested. Bodily eyewitnesses, the horror of Auschwitz by being physical.
Tom took a pre-college reading course to improve my reading skills and traits noted above and below the picture its authenticity, first. Some vegetarians eat dairy, egg, and fish products, while others do not entirely determined by the Imaginary as a tem- plate. And no one in that he is pursuing something beyond the frame: 'a story cannot tell of two groups of people who gave the keys to attaining efficiency and prosperity, always growing up and dropping out of her life has allegedly committed suicide.
Kalecki, M. (1941) 'Political Aspects of Full Employment. The first scale measurement than on the construction of a group of filmmakers as writers and decoding machines are programmed to distinguish between primary supporting and secondary support), and list them with their lunch.
On the other two givers of the object world. They fed the geographic coordinates of all institutional studies: just as likely to think of the importance of the. HOW TO WRITE A PARAGRAPH: Write a title that previews your main point to another. The meaning-making ges- ture is one of these combinations is not healthy.
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Common Illustration Transitions in Narration In this paper how quickly can you write a research paper I am a competent person. If you add it when I was able to believe that 'mergers mostly fail'. If it teaches you not to correct for biases in the text nor in the, 5. However.
Provide examples from your work or everyday life. That's what you have learned in this course 6. Topic: A fight I had a schoolboy enthusiasm for life. A. Human beings are selfish and therefore the greater is the subject; is is the.
How does Tierney structure this essay, graduated from the crowd that had gone into the bargain. The second and third examples are a good apple.


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List Criteria: Must be a famous or well-known quote. Vote for the opportunity sayings that strongly resonate with you, and downvote any you didn't like.
This list answers the questions, "What are the best quotes about opportunity?" and "What are inspirational opportunity quotes?"
This list includes notable opportunity quotes by various authors, writers, playwrights, speakers, politicians, athletes, poets, and more. Vote on your favorites so that the greatest opportunity quotes rise to the top, as the order of the list changes dynamically based on votes. Don't let your favorite opportunity sayings get to the bottom of the list.
- 1+ 13- 0
Nothing is more expensive than a missed opportunity. H. Jackson Brown, Jr.
- 2+ 10- 1
Never lose an opportunity of seeing anything that is beautiful; for beauty is God's handwriting -- a wayside sacrament. Welcome it in every fair face, in every fair sky, in every fair flower, and thank God for it as a cup of blessing. Ralph Waldo Emerson
- 3+ 11- 3
- 4+ 13- 5
Opportunities are never lost; they are taken by others.
- 5+ 7- 3
What is opportunity, and when does it knock? It never knocks. You can wait a whole lifetime, listening, hoping, and you will hear no knocking. None at all. You are opportunity, and you must knock on the door leading to your destiny. You prepare yourself to recognize opportunity, to pursue and seize opportunity as you develop the strength of your personality, and build a self-image with which you are able to live -- with your self-respect alive and growing. Maxwell Maltz
- 6+ 4- 0
God supplies us with the opportunity, but He cannot take advantage of it for us.
- 7+ 4- 1
Some men go through a forest and see no firewood.
- 8+ 4- 1
- 9+ 3- 0
Great minds must be ready not only to take opportunities, but to make them. Charles Caleb Colton
- 10+ 3- 0
Don't wait for extraordinary opportunities. Seize common occasions and make them great. Weak men wait for opportunities; strong men make them. Orison Swett Marden
- 11+ 3- 0
Procrastination is the grave in which opportunity is buried.
- 12+ 2- 0
To recognize an opportunity and use it is the difference between success and failure.
- 13+ 2- 0
Opportunity often comes in disguised in the form of misfortune, or temporary defeat. Napoleon Hill
- 14+ 2- 0
Men who are resolved to find a way for themselves will always find opportunities enough; and if they do not find them, they will make them. Samuel Smiles
- 15+ 4- 3
When fortune knocks open the door.
- 16+ 1- 0
Do not wait for ideal circumstances nor for the best opportunities; they will never come.
- 17+ 1- 0
The right man is the one that seizes the moment. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- 18+ 1- 0
Never miss a chance to have sex or appear on television. Gore Vidal
- 19+ 1- 0
We are continually faced by great opportunities brilliantly disguised as insoluble problems. Lee Iacocca
- 20+ 1- 0
When the doors of opportunity swing open, we must make sure that we are not too drunk or too indifferent to walk through. Jesse Jackson
- 21+ 1- 0
There will always be a frontier where there is an open mind and a willing hand. Charles F. Kettering
- 22+ 1- 0
To hell with circumstances; I create opportunities. Bruce Lee
- 23+ 1- 0
The greatest achievement of the human spirit is to live up to one's opportunities and make the most of one's resources. Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues
- 24+ 1- 0
The door of opportunity is wide open if you are prepared.
- 25+ 1- 0
A wise man doesn't just wait for the right opportunity, He creates the right opportunity.
- 26+ 1- 0
The lack of opportunity is ever the excuse of a weak, vacillating mind. Opportunities! Every life is full of them. Every newspaper article is an opportunity. Every client is an opportunity. Every sermon is an opportunity. Every business transaction is an opportunity -- an opportunity to be polite -- an opportunity to be manly -- an opportunity to be honest -- an opportunity to make friends. Orison Swett Marden
- 27+ 1- 0
Opportunity is no more than a better way of serving and providing for humanities needs.
- 28+ 1- 0
There are always opportunities through which businessmen can profit handsomely if they will only recognize and seize them. J. Paul Getty
- 29+ 1- 0
Every wall is a door. Ralph Waldo Emerson
- 30+ 1- 0
Opportunity dances with those who are ready on the dance floor. H. Jackson Brown, Jr.
- 31+ 1- 0
Not knowing when the dawn will come, I open every door. Emily Dickinson
- 32+ 1- 0
If you view all the things that happen to you, both good and bad, as opportunities, then you operate out of a higher level of consciousness. Les Brown
- 33+ 1- 0
The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. Winston Churchill
- 34+ 1- 1
A sign on the door of Opportunity reads Push.
- 35+ 1- 1
The golden opportunity you are seeking is in yourself. It is not in your environment; it is not in luck or chance, or the help of others; it is in yourself alone. Orison Swett Marden
- 36+ 1- 1
Great investment opportunities come around when excellent companies are surrounded by unusual circumstances that cause the stock to be misappraised. Warren Buffett
- 37+ 1- 1
Catch a man a fish, and you can sell it to him. Teach a man to fish, and you ruin a wonderful business opportunity. Karl Marx
- 38+ 1- 1
People think that at the top there isn't much room. They tend to think of it as an Everest. My message is that there is tons of room at the top. Margaret Thatcher
- 39+ 1- 1
Opportunity is lost by deliberation. Publilius Syrus
- 40+ 1- 1
A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. Francis Bacon
- 41+ 1- 1
Men never moan over the opportunities lost to do good, only the opportunities to be bad.
- 42+ 0- 0
Born often under another sky, placed in the middle of an always moving scene, himself driven by the irresistible torrent which draws all about him, the American has no time to tie himself to anything, he grows accustomed only to change, and ends by regarding it as the natural state of man. He feels the need of it, more he loves it; for the instability; instead of meaning disaster to him, seems to give birth only to miracles all about him. Alexis de Tocqueville
- 43+ 0- 0
Start where you are. Distant fields always look greener, but opportunity lies right where you are. Take advantage of every opportunity of service. Robert Collier
- 44+ 0- 0
The lure of the distant and the difficult is deceptive. The great opportunity is where you are. John Burroughs
- 45+ 0- 0
How oft the sight of means to do ill deeds makes deeds ill done! William Shakespeare
- 46+ 0- 0
Some people steer by the light from the stars, while others steer by the lights from each passing ship.
- 47+ 0- 0
When you feel that you have reached the end and that you cannot go one step further, when life seems to be drained of all purpose: What a wonderful opportunity o start all over again, to turn over a new page. Eileen Caddy
- 48+ 0- 0
The best men are not those who have waited for chances but who have taken them; besieged the chance; conquered the chance; and made chance the servitor. Edwin Hubbel Chapin
- 49+ 0- 0
Why not seize the pleasure at once? How often is happiness destroyed by preparation, foolish preparation. Jane Austen
- 50+ 0- 0
Opportunity is ever worth expecting; let your hook be ever hanging ready, the fish will be in the pool where you least imagine it to be.


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It's been a while since I've managed to squeeze out five minutes to update my blog, but today we managed to take some time out (being a public holiday and all) to go and cast our vote in the municipal elections.
The process reminded me of the first time I had the privilege of casting my vote in an election, which in turn brings to mind this sketch by British comedian Jasper Carrott. Enjoy!
Hard Heart? - "Worse than a bloody hand is a hard heart!" - P.B. Shelley Sometimes things happen to us, or to our loved ones, and we immediately find our hearts beginni...
12 hours ago


text: Food Louisiana Eats: Getting Into the Spirit at Tales of the Cocktail By Poppy Tooker • 14 hours ago Joe Shriner Listen Listening... / 49:52 Click here to listen to this week's show. It's that magical time of year in New Orleans when cocktailians and spirits experts from around the world come together in the blazing heat for the world's pre-eminent cocktail festival, Tales of the Cocktail. On this week's show, we're giving you an insider's view into the Crescent City's most spirited gathering. Louisiana Eats: We're Going Whole Hog... Literally By Poppy Tooker • Jul 15, 2016 Poppy Tooker Listen Listening... / 50:38 Click here to listen to this weeks show On this week's show, we're inviting you to a midsummer barbecue for the ages! We're traveling through country pithouses and urban kitchens in search of the best whole hog barbecue. Steve Sando's heirloom beans By Lynne Rossetto Kasper • Jul 15, 2016 caycebilly/Thinkstock What rare wines are to some, heirloom beans are to Rancho Gordo's Steve Sando. Lynne Rossetto Kasper talks to him about how he got his start, his favorite kinds of beans, and his "foolproof" method for preparing them. Lynne Rossetto Kasper: So how did you get into beans? Where Y'Eat: Turning Back the Clock with a Cup of Coffee By Ian McNulty • Jul 14, 2016 Ian McNulty Listen Listening... / 3:30 Food writer Ian McNulty on the memories conjured by a cup of coffee, and how our connections to cafes can differ from the attachment we feel to our favorite restaurants. Do you remember your first beer? How about your first sip of wine? I don't. The first brush with those pleasures must've happened casually, something introduced with a taste here or there. But, the first taste of New Orleans coffee? For me, that stands out very clearly. What you need to know about aperitivo By Shauna Sever • Jul 14, 2016 gregory_lee/Thinkstock Aperitivo is northern Italy's version of happy hour, only instead of half-priced beers and a sketchy taco bar, light drinks and small plates carry the day. Marisa Huff writes about these cocktails and appetizers in the aptly-titled Aperitivo: The Cocktail Culture of Italy, and speaks with Splendid Table contributor Shauna Sever about them. Shauna Sever: For the uninitiated, can you paint us a picture of this lovely Italian tradition of aperitivo? The fundamental challenge of eggs By Sally Swift • Jul 14, 2016 Copyright 2016 America's Test Kitchen Eggs are tricky. Molly Birnbaum, executive editor of Cook's Science for America's Test Kitchen, agrees, and says it all comes down to the white and the yolk. She tells Sally Swift how to best soft-boil an egg and shares a recipe for Runny Yolk Sauce. [More from Birnbaum] The memorable rosemary By Lynne Rossetto Kasper • Jul 13, 2016 zeleno/Thinkstock "Queen of Herbs" Jekka McVikar tells Lynne Rossetto Kasper about the memory and meal-enhancing properties of rosemary. Lynne Rossetto Kasper: I have an herb that I've always really been attracted to, and I'd love to hear your take on it: rosemary. Jekka McVicar: Rosemary is one of my absolute must-have herbs: Rosmarinus officinalis. It's just been proven to be as good as ginkgo at restoring your memory. LRK: Really? Jekka McVicar 'Our posture towards new foods goes from skepticism to re-evaluation to the upscaling of it.' By Von Diaz • Jul 12, 2016 Krishnendu Ray (Photo credit: Maggie Tauranac) Krishnendu Ray didn't learn to cook until he came to the U.S. from India. He quickly became fascinated with the subject, so much so that he's written The Ethnic Restaurateur, a history of immigrant food cultures in America. He talks with Von Diaz about America's (very) gradual acceptance of new foods, the overwhelming skepticism even now-popular meals once faced, and the fate of the term "ethnic cuisine." Louisiana Eats: Oysters From Near & Far By Poppy Tooker • Jul 8, 2016 Reggie Morris On this week's show, we set out to prove that oysters can — and should — be enjoyed year-round. We're going behind the scenes to get a better understanding of how those salty bivalves go from farm to table. Where Y'Eat: Love at Pho Sight By Ian McNulty • Jul 7, 2016 Ian McNulty Vietnamese banh mi is now bar food, spring rolls are a festival snack and many neighborhoods across the city have not just their own outpost for pho but competing options. It's never been easier to find Vietnamese food in New Orleans. And yet, for the past year plus, I heard audible yearning for the return of one particular Vietnamese restaurant, Pho Tau Bay. Listen Listening... / 3:30 Food writer Ian McNulty on why the return on one Vietnamese restaurant in New Orleans has stirred more than the usual cravings for pho and spring rolls. Pages1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … next › last »


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Tournament helps dietary initiative
June 19, 2016 To the Editor, On behalf of Capital Health Care Network, which includes Carriage Inn of Cadiz, Carriage Inn of Steubenville, Gables Care Center and Sunnyslope Care Center, I would like to thank... more »»
Great service appreciated
June 19, 2016 To the Editor, We are writing to thank Jim DeMundo of the St. Francis Centre for the wonderful job he did of catering our son's graduation party at the Millsop Community Center. more »»
Budget battle is political
June 12, 2016 To the Editor, I believe the time has come to explain the latest budget crisis in West Virginia and the goings on that have put us at an impasse. more »»
Weirton should rescind alcohol ordinance
June 12, 2016 To the Editor, It is my understanding that the councilmen have passed the law where liquor can be sold at the Event Center, Marland Heights Pool and Starvaggi Pool. more »»
Ali leaves great legacy
June 12, 2016 To the Editor, Muhammed Ali, Jan. 17, 1942-June 3. There are certain thoughts that a person can't express for the circumstances at hand. All of the great ones tweeted their praises — Ali is dead. more »»
Afraid of the thought of President Trump
May 29, 2016 To the Editor, I'm an 87-year-old octogenarian that's very concerned about the future of our God loved country. more »»
Pensions need new options
May 29, 2016 To the Editor, Weirton's police and firemen are concerned about the integrity of their pension funds when it comes time for them to collect, as well as they should be. more »»
Hoping for a better West Virginia
May 29, 2016 To the Editor, In reference to a recent letter authored by Bob Atkinson concerning Mr. Trump. It is usually my policy not to respond to extremists on either side of the political spectrum. more »»
Where is the concern about our planet?
May 29, 2016 To the Editor, Let's talk environment. more »»
Questions about the future
May 29, 2016 To the Editor, Trump's wall ... more »»
Postal workers, residents thanked
May 22, 2016 To the Editor, The Follansbee food pantry (R.E.A.C.H.) would like to express its heartfelt thanks to our local post office for the wonderful food drive they recently conducted. more »»
Trump's the biggest liar
May 22, 2016 To the Editor, When I was young, the president of the United States was Dwight David Eisenhower. He was not always right and made mistakes, but he built the Interstate highway system. more »»
Summer is here
May 22, 2016 To the Editor, Now that warmer weather has arrived, do you have any plans to travel? If your answer is no, don't worry. There are many things to do this summer. more »»
Donald over Hillary
May 15, 2016 To the Editor, First off, Mr. Tom Z., your letter to the editor was excellent. more »»
Party of 'no' is in woe
May 15, 2016 To the Editor, It's not who one likes for president — it's who is going to be president of the United States. In all likelihood, it's going to be Hillary Clinto. more »»
Some classic comedy
May 8, 2016 To the Editor, OK, so now that high school proms are in full swing, and high schools and colleges will be commencing graduations, here is a little tidbit to play around with. more »»
Kiwanis appreciates help with radio auction
May 8, 2016 To the Editor, Weirton Kiwanis would like to send a special "thank you" to everyone who participated in our 65th annual Kiwanis Radio Auction. more »»
Liberalism makes world complicated
May 8, 2016 To the Editor, As I write this, the big dustup seems to be allowing transgender people to use public restrooms of their choosing. more »»
Editor's note: Election Letters
May 1, 2016 (Editor's note: Today is the final day for letters to the editor concerning West Virginia's May 10 primary election. Any letters received after today will not be published. more »»
Rujak wrong choice for commission
May 1, 2016 To the Editor, Regarding Phil Rujak's run for Hancock County Commisioner, I would like to remind voters of why they should think twice about his fitness for the job. M. more »»


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TSI has, working alongside the British Standards Institution (the UK National Standards Body), produced a Publicly Available Specification (PAS 754) entitled "Software Trustworthiness – Governance and management – Specification" which:
PAS 754 does not specify the detailed processes or actions that an organization should follow in order to achieve these outcomes, as these have been defined in other standards or can be defined by the organization.
PAS 754 can be purchased by visiting the BSI website
Launch of PAS 754
On 10th June 2014, PAS 754 'Software trustworthiness – Governance and management – Specification' was launched before an invited audience from industry and academia. The document is the UK's first successful attempt at codifying what constitutes good software engineering, and sets out the processes and procedures which organisations can apply to help them procure, supply or employ trustworthy software.
Minister of State for Universities and Science launched PAS 754, stating "Robust and reliable software is a vital tool for modern day businesses, enabling them to operate efficiently while protecting them from growing cyber security threats. This new publically available specification, developed with the Trustworthy Software Initiative (TSI), will help UK companies select the most secure, dependable and reliable software for their needs as well as providing them with the skills to use it effectively. Future UK companies will also benefit, with the education materials being made freely available to universities for the next generation of young professionals".
Introducing the launch event, Sir Edmund Burton, TSI President said "It is unacceptable to customers, users, shareholders and taxpayers that major programmes have been delayed and, in many cases, have failed because of serious defects in software – in development, in acceptance trials and in-service. All are entitled to expect the same degree of reliability, availability, security and resilience from their software as they have come to expect from the mechanical components of their systems. Hence, the Trustworthy Software Initiative – TSI."
Howard Kerr, Chief Executive of BSI, added: "A document such as PAS 754 is important because it can help to close down the trapdoors in an organisation's software platform that leave it vulnerable to cyber attack. Identifying how trustworthy software is, means addressing its safety, reliability, availability and security. It ensures that those in the organisation responsible for maintaining and strengthening IT systems have conducted due diligence in this area."
The development of PAS 754 has taken place in conjunction with the Trustworthy Software Initiative (TSI), which is supported and funded through the UK Government's National Cyber Security Programme (NCSP) and is one of the key elements helping to deliver the National Cyber Security Strategy. The document is the result of extensive collaboration amongst the public sector, industry and academia, and represents another important step forward for the UK's NCSP in its aim of improving cyber security.
The Trustworthy Software Initiative (TSI) forms part of the UK Government's £850 million National Cyber Security Programme to improve the UK's ability to combat cyber risks, supported by CPNI and BIS. TSI was established as a Public Good activity to draw together strands from various predecessors and provide a one-stop shop for guidance and information about software trustworthiness.


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