text:
The Crop command
The Crop command
Now, the Crop tool has an Achilles' heel that you might define as something of a design flaw. I have already pointed it out, the problem is you grab the Crop tool, you go ahead and drag around the king of all beasts here, what have you. You decide that that looks like a pretty good crop boundary. Maybe you take it over to the right just a little bit, something along those lines. And then you say, okay, great. You press the Enter key or the Return key on the Mac. Then you look at your composition and you say I don't want this little bit of a boulder over here in the left-hand side.
What's this wedge of rock upper-right, and I have got this little bit of junk down here at the bottom. So what I would like to do of course is press Ctrl+Z or Command+Z on the Mac and just adjust my crop boundary a little bit, wouldn't that be great? So press Ctrl+Z, Command+Z on the Mac and your crop boundary is gone. The reason I find this problematic that I don't have a crop boundary to s...
The Crop command provides you with in-depth training on Design. Taught by Deke McClelland as part of the Photoshop CS5 One-on-One: Fundamentals
- Subjects:
- Design Photography
- Software:
- Photoshop
- Author:
- Deke McClelland
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text:
Read an Excerpt
ENCOURAGEMENT BIBLE BURGUNDY BONDEDThe Answer for Those Who Hurt
By Joni Eareckson-Tada Dave Dravecky
ZondervanCopyright © 2001 Zondervan
All right reserved.
Chapter OneGENESIS 1 The Beginning
1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was a formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
3 And God said, "Let there be light," and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light "day," and the darkness he called "night." And there was evening, and there was morning-the first day.
6 And God said, "Let there be an expanse between the waters to separate water from water." 7 So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. And it was so. 8 God called the expanse "sky." And there was evening, and there was morning-the second day.
9 And God said, "Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear." And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground "land," and the gathered waters he called "seas." And God saw that it was good. 11 Then God said, "Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds." And it was so. 12 The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening, and there was morning-the third day.
14 And God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth." And it was so. 16 God made two great lights-the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17 God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, 18 to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening, and there was morning-the fourth day.
20 And God said, "Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky." 21 So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing with which the water teems, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, "Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth." 23 And there was evening, and there was morning-the fifth day.
24 And God said, "Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: livestock, creatures that move along the ground, and wild animals, each according to its kind." And it was so. 25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.
26 Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground."
27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.
28 God blessed them and said to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground."
29 Then God said, "I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground-everything that has the breath of life in it-I give every green plant for food." And it was so.
31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning-the sixth day.
2 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array.
2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. 3 And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.
Adam and Eve
4 This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created.
When the Lord God made the earth and the heavens-5 and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth and no plant of the field had yet sprung up, for the Lord God had not sent rain on the earth and there was no man to work the ground, 6 but streams came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground- 7 the Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.
8 Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed. 9 And the Lord God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground-trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
10 A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was separated into four headwaters. 11 The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 (The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin and onyx are also there.) 13 The name of the second food for you. Just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything.
4 "But you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it. 5 And for your lifeblood I will surely demand an accounting. I will demand an accounting from every animal. And from each man, too, I will demand an accounting for the life of his fellow man.
6 "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God has God made man.
7 As for you, be fruitful and increase in number; multiply on the earth and increase upon it."
8 Then God said to Noah and to his sons with him: 9 "I now establish my covenant with you and with your descendants after you 10 and with every living creature that was with you-the birds, the livestock and all the wild animals, all those that came out of the ark with you-every living creature on earth. 11 I establish my covenant with you: Never again will all life be cut off by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth."
12 And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant I am making between me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come: 13 I have set my rainbow in the clouds, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth. 14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the rainbow appears in the clouds, 15 I will remember my covenant between me and you and all living creatures of every kind. Never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life. 16 Whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and all living creatures of every kind on the earth."
17 So God said to Noah, "This is the sign of the covenant I have established between me and all life on the earth."
The Sons of Noah
18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham and Japheth. (Ham was the father of Canaan.) 19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them came the people who were scattered over the earth.
20 Noah, a man of the soil, proceeded to plant a vineyard. 21 When he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and lay uncovered inside his tent. 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father's nakedness and told his two brothers outside. 23 But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it across their shoulders; then they walked in backward and covered their father's nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so that they would not see their father's nakedness.
24 When Noah awoke from his wine and found out what his youngest son had done to him, 25 he said,
"Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves will he be to his brothers."
26 He also said,
"Blessed be the Lord, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem. 27 May God extend the territory of Japheth; may Japheth live in the tents of Shem, and may Canaan be his slave."
28 After the flood Noah lived 350 years. 29 Altogether, Noah lived 950 years, and then he died.
The Table of Nations
10 This is the account of Shem, Ham and Japheth, Noah's sons, who themselves had sons after the flood.
The Japhethites
2 The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras.
3 The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath and Togarmah.
4 The sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittim and the Rodanim. 5 (From these the maritime peoples spread out into their territories by their clans within their nations, each with its own language.)
The Hamites
6 The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim, Put and Canaan. 7 The sons of Cush: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah and Sabteca.
The sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dedan.
8 Cush was the father of Nimrod, who grew to be a mighty warrior on the earth. 9 He was a mighty hunter before the Lord; that is why it is said, "Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord." 10 The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Erech, Akkad and Calneh, in Shinar. 11 From that land he went to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah 12 and Resen, which is between Nineveh and Calah; that is the great city.
13 Mizraim was the father of the Ludites, Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites, 14 Pathrusites, Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came) and Caphtorites.
15 Canaan was the father of Sidon his firstborn, and of the Hittites, 16 Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, 17 Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, 18 Arvadites, Zemarites and Hamathites.
Later the Canaanite clans scattered 19 and the borders of
He answered, "For the sake of ten, I will not destroy it."
33 When the Lord had finished speaking with Abraham, he left, and Abraham returned home.
Sodom and Gomorrah Destroyed
19 The two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. 2 "My lords," he said, "please turn aside to your servant's house. You can wash your feet and spend the night and then go on your way early in the morning."
"No," they answered, "we will spend the night in the square."
3 But he insisted so strongly that they did go with him and entered his house. He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. 4 Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom-both young and old-surrounded the house. 5 They called to Lot, "Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them."
6 Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him 7 and said, "No, my friends. Don't do this wicked thing. 8 Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. But don't do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof."
9 "Get out of our way," they replied. And they said, "This fellow came here as an alien, and now he wants to play the judge! We'll treat you worse than them." They kept bringing pressure on Lot and moved forward to break down the door.
10 But the men inside reached out and pulled Lot back into the house and shut the door. 11 Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness so that they could not find the door.
12 The two men said to Lot, "Do you have anyone else here-sons-in-law, sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here, 13 because we are going to destroy this place. The outcry to the Lord against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy it."
14 So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry a his daughters. He said, "Hurry and get out of this place, because the Lord is about to destroy the city!" But his sons-in-law thought he was joking.
15 With the coming of dawn, the angels urged Lot, saying, "Hurry! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away when the city is punished."
16 When he hesitated, the men grasped his hand and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of the city, for the Lord was merciful to them. 17 As soon as they had brought them out, one of them said, "Flee for your lives! Don't look back, and don't stop anywhere in the plain! Flee to the mountains or you will be swept away!"
18 But Lot said to them, "No, my lords, please! 19 Your servant has found favor in your eyes, and you have shown great kindness to me in sparing my life. But I can't flee to the mountains; this disaster will overtake me, and I'll die. 20 Look,
22 The sons of Lotan: Hori and Homam. Timna was Lotan's sister. 23 The sons of Shobal: Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho and Onam. 24 The sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah. This is the Anah who discovered the hot springs in the desert while he was grazing the donkeys of his father Zibeon. 25 The children of Anah: Dishon and Oholibamah daughter of Anah. 26 The sons of Dishon: Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran and Keran. 27 The sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan and Akan. 28 The sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran. 29 These were the Horite chiefs: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, 30 Dishon, Ezer and Dishan. These were the Horite chiefs, according to their divisions, in the land of Seir.
The Rulers of Edom
31 These were the kings who reigned in Edom before any Israelite king reigned:
32 Bela son of Beor became king of Edom. His city was named Dinhabah.
33 When Bela died, Jobab son of Zerah from Bozrah succeeded him as king.
34 When Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites succeeded him as king.
35 When Husham died, Hadad son of Bedad, who defeated Midian in the country of Moab, succeeded him as king. His city was named Avith.
36 When Hadad died, Samlah from Masrekah succeeded him as king.
37 When Samlah died, Shaul from Rehoboth on the river succeeded him as king.
Excerpted from ENCOURAGEMENT BIBLE BURGUNDY BONDED by Joni Eareckson-Tada Dave Dravecky Copyright © 2001 by Zondervan. Excerpted by permission.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

subset: commoncrawl


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Picturesque Inn nestled on the shores of Lake Placid. Adirondack ambiance surrounds you in our comfortably appointed rooms, kitchenettes, suites & cottages. Enjoy our outdoor pool, canoes, picnic tables and Adirondack chairs for lounging by the Lake.
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I just want to thank Betsy Starr and Estaban for making our stay such a special and memorable experience. Our family hosted a family reunion in the month of July, and the service was extraordinary. Ms Starr made herself available every step of the way, and I greatly appreciate that.
The rooms and common area was very clean, colorful and warm. If you are looking for a nice and friendly place to stay, please check them out. They won't disappoint you.
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| View Exclusive AAUP Compensation Survey Data |
Despite all the hoopla about a recent court victory for unpaid interns, the case's significance for colleges may be limited.
Colleges' responsibility to ensure that blind students have equitable access have become much more clear with a trio of recent settlements; exactly how to meet those obligations is less certain.
Heeding outside review, Swarthmore will improve sexual assault prevention and response, even as federal officials investigate a Title IX complaint there.
Bachelor's-degree holders are less likely to be involved in and enthusiastic about their work than people with more or less education, survey finds.
Sexual assault survivors and activists take their rallying cry to U.S. Education Department in Washington, protesting and urging the feds to do more to enforce Title IX.
Despite some targeted support from the NCAA, historically black colleges struggle to keep up with increased academic standards. Given enrollments dominated by underprepared students, is more money enough?
A student expelled for having a lesbian relationship and ordered to repay $6,000 in scholarship money is fighting back.
College health officials can't go a day without discussing mental health, but President Obama tried to accelerate a national discussion about it at a White House conference Monday.
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text:
Fragmentation in Property: Towards a General Model
This paper develops a general model of anticommons fragmentation in property. Using several related examples, we consider the equilibria obtained under different scenarios. The various illustrations are later utilized to develop a model of fragmented property. The model reveals that the private incentives of excluders do not capture the external effects of their individual decisions. Our model suggests that the results of underutilization of joint property increasemonotonically in both (a) the extent of fragmentation and (b) the forgone synergies and complementarities between the property fragments. We explore some important implications for the institutional responses to issues of property fragmentation.
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Volume (Year): 158 (2002)
Issue (Month): 4 (December)
Pages: 594-
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30th July 2016
Breakthrough solar cell captures CO2 and sunlight, produces burnable fuel
Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have engineered a potentially game-changing solar cell. Their invention can cheaply and efficiently convert atmospheric carbon dioxide directly into usable hydrocarbon fuel, using only sunlight for energy.
Simulated sunlight powers a solar cell that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide directly into syngas. Credit: University of Illinois at Chicago/Jenny Fontaine
With traditional solar cells, light from the Sun is converted into electricity, which must then be stored in heavy batteries. By contrast, a new device created at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), essentially does the work of plants: it converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into fuel, solving two crucial problems at once. Large solar farms of these "artificial leaves" could remove significant amounts of carbon from the atmosphere, while producing energy-dense fuel efficiently.
"The new solar cell is not photovoltaic – it's photosynthetic," says Amin Salehi-Khojin, assistant professor of mechanical and industrial engineering at UIC and senior author on the study. "Instead of producing energy in an unsustainable one-way route from fossil fuels to greenhouse gas, we can now reverse the process and recycle atmospheric carbon into fuel using sunlight."
While plants produce fuel in the form of sugar, the artificial leaf delivers "syngas" – or synthesis gas – a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. This can be burned directly, or converted into diesel or other hydrocarbon fuel. The ability to convert CO2 into fuel at a cost similar to a gallon of gasoline would render fossil fuels obsolete.
Chemical reactions that convert CO2 into burnable forms of carbon are known as "reduction" reactions – the opposite of oxidation or combustion. Engineers have been exploring different catalysts to drive CO2 reduction; but so far, these have been inefficient and rely on expensive precious metals, such as silver.
"What we needed was a new family of chemicals with extraordinary properties," said Salehi-Khojin.
His team focussed on a family of nano-structured compounds, called transition metal dichalcogenides – or TMDCs – as catalysts, pairing them with an unconventional ionic liquid as the electrolyte inside a two-compartment, three-electrode electrochemical cell. The best of several catalysts they studied turned out to be nanoflake tungsten diselenide.
"The new catalyst is more active; more able to break carbon dioxide's chemical bonds," said Mohammad Asadi, a UIC postdoctoral researcher.
In fact, the new catalyst is 1,000 times faster than noble-metal catalysts, and about 20 times cheaper. The key breakthrough was using an ionic fluid called ethyl-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, mixed 50-50 with water. The artificial leaf consists of two silicon triple-junction photovoltaic cells to harvest light – nanoflake tungsten diselenide and ionic liquid co-catalyst system on the cathode side; with cobalt oxide in potassium phosphate electrolyte on the anode side. When light of 100 watts per square metre (simulating the average intensity reaching the Earth) energises the cell, hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas bubble up from the cathode, while free oxygen and hydrogen ions are produced at the anode.
"The hydrogen ions diffuse through a membrane to the cathode side, to participate in the CO2 reduction reaction," explains Asadi.
This technology should be adaptable not only to large-scale use, like solar farms, but also to smaller-scale applications. In the future, it may prove useful on Mars, whose atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide, if the planet is also found to have water. The study appeared yesterday in the journal Science and was funded by the National Science Foundation and U.S. Department of Energy. A provisional patent application has been filed.
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28th July 2016
New antibiotic discovered in the human nose
German researchers have found bacteria in the human nose that produce a novel antibiotic which is effective against multiresistant pathogens.
A potential lifesaver lies unrecognised in the human body. Scientists at the University of Tübingen and the German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) have discovered that Staphylococcus lugdunensis (which colonises inside the human nose) produces a previously unknown antibiotic. As tests on mice have shown, the substance which has been named Lugdunin is able to combat multi-resistant pathogens, where many classic antibiotics have become ineffective. The study results were published on 27th July in the peer-reviewed journal Nature.
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria – like the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which colonises on human skin – are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The natural habitat of harmful Staphylococcus bacteria is the human nasal cavity. In their experiments, Dr. Bernhard Krismer, Alexander Zipperer and Professor Andreas Peschel from the Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT) observed that Staphylococcus aureus is rarely found when Staphylococcus lugdunensis is present in the nose.
"Normally, antibiotics are formed only by soil bacteria and fungi," explains Professor Andreas Peschel. "The notion that human microflora may also be a source of antimicrobial agents is a new discovery." In future studies, researchers will examine whether Lugdunin could actually be used in therapy. One potential use is introducing harmless Lugdunin-forming bacteria to patients at risk from MRSA as a preventative measure.
Staphylococcus lugdunensis (white) colonise on human nasal epithelial cells (pink) and combat the Staphylococcus aureus pathogen (yellow) by producing Lugdunin. Graphic: Professor Andreas Peschel.
Researchers from the Institute of Organic Chemistry at the University of Tübingen closely examined the structure of Lugdunin, noting that it consists of a previously unknown ring structure of protein blocks and thus establishes a new class of materials.
Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem worldwide. "There are estimates which suggest that more people will die from resistant bacteria in the coming decades than cancer," says Dr. Bernhard Krismer. "The improper use of antibiotics strengthens this alarming development" he continues.
As many of the pathogens are part of human microflora on skin and mucous membranes, they cannot be avoided. Particularly for patients with serious underlying illnesses and weakened immune systems they are a high risk – these patients are easy prey for the pathogens. Now the findings made by scientists at the University of Tübingen open up new ways to develop sustainable strategies for infection prevention and to find new antibiotics – also in the human body.
"If we can understand why they are living there [the nose] we may find new ways to combat bad bacteria, eradicate the spread of infection and maybe even find new therapeutic concepts, because we are in desperate need for new antibiotics," he concludes.
27th July 2016
The first solar-powered aircraft to circumnavigate the Earth
Solar Impulse 2 has become the first solar-powered aircraft to circumnavigate the Earth – a journey of 43,000 kilometres (26,700 miles) – proving that clean technologies can achieve the impossible.
Taking turns at the controls of Solar Impulse 2 (Si2) – their zero-emission electric and solar airplane, capable of flying through day and night without fuel – Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg have succeeded in their crazy dream of achieving the first ever round-the-world solar flight. By landing back in Abu Dhabi after 23 days of flight and 43,041 km travelled in a 17 leg journey, Si2 has proven that clean technologies can achieve the impossible.
Coming from Egypt, the aircraft landed back in Abu Dhabi yesterday morning at 4:05am local time (UTC+4) completing the final leg of an endeavour that began on 9th March 2015 when Si2 set off from Abu Dhabi with André Borschberg at the controls. Taking turns in the single-seater cockpit, Piccard and Borschberg flew across Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the USA, the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean and the Middle East. A total of 19 world records were set or are still pending by the World Air Sports Federation (FAI). Of particular note were Borschberg's flying five consecutive days and nights over the Pacific from Japan to Hawaii in the longest duration a solo airplane of any kind has ever flown, and when Piccard achieved the historic first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in a solar airplane.
For the two Swiss pioneers, it's the accomplishment of a dream that was considered impossible by many experts and demonstrates that clean energies and efficient technologies offer tangible solutions for sustainable air travel.
André Borschberg (left) and Bertrand Piccard (right) in Abu Dhabi. © Solar Impulse | Ackermann | Rezo.ch
Bertrand Piccard had the vision of an airplane of perpetual endurance after his non-stop round the world balloon flight in 1999, when he made the promise to circumnavigate the Earth again, but this time without any fuel. In 2004, he began bringing together partners who provided funds and technology for this adventure and partnered with André Borschberg. An entrepreneur and skilled aviator, Borschberg took on the technical challenge of developing the solar airplane and making it fly. More than taking turns at the controls of Si2 in the air, the first ever round-the-world solar flight is also a tandem achievement on the ground: while Piccard developed the project outreach to promote clean technologies, Borschberg pulled together the team that designed and constructed Si2 as well as organised the flight missions.
"This is not only a first in the history of aviation – it's before all, a first in the history of energy. I'm sure that within 10 years, we'll see electric airplanes transporting 50 passengers on short to medium haul flights." said Piccard, addressing the crowds after exiting the cockpit of Si2. "But it's not enough. The same clean technologies used on Solar Impulse could be implemented on the ground, in our daily life."
"Flying one leg with a completely new type of airplane is difficult enough, but flying around the world is a real challenge," said his partner Borschberg. "More than a demonstration, it's the confirmation that these technologies are truly dependable and reliable. There is so much potential for the aeronautical world: while one hundred percent solar powered airplanes might take longer to materialise, electric planes will develop in the near future because of their tremendous advantages, such as energy efficiency."
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon spoke to Bertrand Piccard, live from the Si2 cockpit, a few hours before the landing in Abu Dhabi: "Solar Impulse has flown more than 40,000 kilometres without fuel, but with an inexhaustible supply of energy and inspiration. This is a historic day for Captain Piccard and the Solar Impulse team, but it is also a historic day for humanity," said the UN leader. "You may be ending your around the world flight today – but the journey to a more sustainable world is just beginning. The Solar Impulse team is helping to pilot us to that future."
Looking forward, Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg will continue to actively promote the use of modern clean technologies as a way to improve the quality of life on Earth. Firstly, through the already announced creation of the International Committee for Clean Technologies that will build on the #futureisclean initiative to bring independent and credible guidance on energy policy to governments and businesses. Secondly, by carrying on the work initiated by the engineering team on unmanned and high endurance electric aircrafts, which could fly at high altitude for months – offering services with exponential added value and complementing the work done by satellites today, in a flexible and sustainable way.
"Solar Impulse is very well positioned to contribute to the next generations of manned or unmanned electric aircrafts. By capitalising on the engineering skills and expertise gained over the past decade, we will continue to work to encourage concrete innovations and disruptive solutions," said Borschberg.
© Solar Impulse | Revillard | Rezo.ch
"We are pleased to welcome back Bertrand Piccard and Andre Borschberg after their outstanding success in circumnavigating the world using only the power of the Sun," said Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, minister of state in the United Arab Emirates and chairman of Masdar, a company located in Abu Dhabi and specialising in clean technology, renewable energy, and sustainable development.
"As a leader in developing innovative renewable energy projects and technologies, Masdar is committed to supporting groundbreaking initiatives like Solar Impulse which will inspire and deliver a more sustainable future. Solar Impulse has proven just how practical the application of solar energy can be. It will also provide valuable data that will lead to critical improvements in two key areas, energy storage and efficiency. Masdar is truly excited about the endless possibilities of solar energy and we will be part of taking such technologies to the next level," Dr. Al Jaber concluded.
As stated in Bertrand Piccard's manifesto for clean technologies written in 2004, Solar Impulse's ambition is "for the worlds of exploration and innovation to make a contribution to the cause of renewable energies; to demonstrate the importance of clean technologies for sustainable development; and to place dreams and emotions back at the heart of scientific adventure." There is still much to be done to make the world we live in more energy efficient, but through innovation and pioneering spirit, the first ever round-the-world solar flight is credible proof that change is possible and that there is reason to hope for a more sustainable world.
22nd July 2016
First atmospheric study of Earth-sized exoplanets
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have performed the first spectroscopy of the atmospheres of Earth-sized exoplanets.
Using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have conducted the first search for atmospheres around temperate, Earth-sized planets beyond our Solar System and found indications that increase the chances of habitability on two exoplanets.
Specifically, they discovered that the exoplanets TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c, approximately 40 light-years away, are unlikely to have puffy, hydrogen-dominated atmospheres usually found on gaseous worlds.
"The lack of a smothering hydrogen-helium envelope increases the chances for habitability on these planets," said team member Nikole Lewis of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore. "If they had a significant hydrogen-helium envelope, there is no chance that either one of them could potentially support life, because the dense atmosphere would act like a greenhouse."
Julien de Wit of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, led a team of scientists to observe the planets in near-infrared light using Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3. They used spectroscopy to decode the light and reveal clues to the chemical makeup of an atmosphere. While the content of the atmospheres is unknown and will have to await further observations, the low concentration of hydrogen and helium has scientists excited about the implications.
"These initial Hubble observations are a promising first step in learning more about these nearby worlds, whether they could be rocky like Earth, and whether they could sustain life," says Geoff Yoder, acting associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. "This is an exciting time for NASA and exoplanet research."
The planets orbit a red dwarf star at least 500 million years old, in the constellation of Aquarius. They were discovered in late 2015 through a series of observations by the TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST), a Belgian robotic telescope located at ESA's (European Space Agency's) La Silla Observatory in Chile.
TRAPPIST-1b completes a circuit around its red dwarf star in 1.5 days and TRAPPIST-1c in 2.4 days. The planets are between 20 and 100 times closer to their star than the Earth is to the Sun. However, because their star is so much fainter than our Sun, researchers believe at least one of the planets, TRAPPIST-1c, may be within the star's habitable zone, where moderate temperatures could allow for liquid water to pool.
Astronomers took advantage of a rare simultaneous transit, when both planets crossed the face of their star within minutes of each other, to measure starlight as it filtered through any existing atmosphere. This double-transit, which occurs only every two years, provided a combined signal that offered simultaneous indicators of the atmospheric characters of the planets.
The researchers hope to use Hubble to conduct follow-up observations to search for thinner atmospheres, composed of elements heavier than hydrogen, like those of Earth and Venus.
"With more data, we could perhaps detect methane, or see water features in the atmospheres, which would give us estimates of the depth of the atmospheres," said Hannah Wakeford, the paper's second author, at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt, Maryland.
Observations from future telescopes, including NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, will help determine the full composition of these atmospheres and hunt for potential biosignatures, such as carbon dioxide and ozone, in addition to water vapour and methane. Webb also will analyse a planet's temperature and surface pressure – key factors in assessing habitability.
"These Earth-sized planets are the first worlds that astronomers can study in detail with current and planned telescopes to determine whether they are suitable for life," said de Wit. "Hubble has the facility to play the central atmospheric pre-screening role to tell astronomers which of these Earth-sized planets are prime candidates for more detailed study with the Webb telescope."
The results of the study appear in the 20th July issue of the journal Nature.
20th July 2016
2016 climate trends continue to break records
Two key climate change indicators – global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent – have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data.
Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest respective month globally in the modern temperature record, which dates to 1880, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from January to June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with an average temperature 1.3°C (2.4°F) warmer than the late nineteenth century.
Five of the first six months of 2016 also set records for the smallest monthly Arctic sea ice extent since consistent satellite records began in 1979, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one exception, March, recorded the second smallest extent for that month.
While these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientists said it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing their long-term trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by the rising concentration of heat-trapping carbon dioxide, which has increased by 40% since pre-industrial times, along with various other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically covers 40% less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent in September, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been declining at a rate of 13.4% per decade.
"While the El Niño event in the tropical Pacific this winter gave a boost to global temperatures from October onwards, it is the underlying trend which is producing these record numbers," said GISS Director, Gavin Schmidt.
Previous El Niño events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels – such as during 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Niño taper off, global temperatures have risen well beyond those of 18 years ago because of the overall warming that has occurred since then.
The global trend in rising temperatures is outpaced by the regional warming in the Arctic, according to Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist from NASA Goddard: "It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," says Meier. "This warmth, as well as unusual weather patterns, has led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."
NASA tracks temperature and sea ice as part of its effort to understand the Earth as a system and to understand how Earth is changing. In addition to maintaining 19 Earth-observing space missions, the agency also sends researchers around the globe to investigate different facets of the planet at closer range. Right now, NASA researchers are working across the Arctic to better understand both the processes driving increased sea ice melt and the impacts of rising temperatures on Arctic ecosystems.
NASA's Operation IceBridge campaign last week commenced a series of airborne measurements of melt ponds on the surface of the Arctic sea ice cap. Melt ponds are shallow pools of water, seen in the photo below, that form as ice melts. Their darker surfaces absorb more sunlight and accelerate the melting process. IceBridge is flying out of Barrow, Alaska, during the melt season to observe these at a scale never before achieved. Recent studies have shown that the formation of melt ponds early in the summer is a good predictor of the yearly minimum sea ice extent in September.
"No one has ever, from a remote sensing standpoint, mapped the large-scale depth of melt ponds on sea ice," said Nathan Kurtz, IceBridge's project scientist and a sea ice researcher at NASA Goddard. "The information we'll collect is going to show how much water is retained in melt ponds and what kind of topography is needed on the sea ice to constrain them, which will help improve melt pond models."
19th July 2016
Smallest ever hard disk writes information atom by atom
Scientists in the Netherlands, working at the limits of miniaturisation, have used one bit per atom to create 1 kilobyte of data storage.
Every day, modern society creates more than a billion gigabytes of new data. To store all this information, it is increasingly important that each single bit occupies as little space as possible. A team of scientists at the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience at Delft University, Netherlands, managed to bring this reduction to the ultimate limit: they built a memory of 1 kilobyte (8,000 bits), where each bit is represented by the position of one single chlorine atom.
"In theory, this storage density would allow all books ever created by humans to be written on a single post stamp", says lead scientist Sander Otte. They reached a storage density of 500 Terabits per square inch (Tbpsi), 500 times better than the best commercial hard disk currently available. His team reports on this breakthrough in Nature Nanotechnology.
In 1959, physicist Richard Feynman challenged his colleagues to engineer the world at the smallest possible scale. In his famous lecture, There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, he speculated that a platform allowing us to arrange individual atoms, in an exact orderly pattern, would make it possible to store one piece of information per atom. To honour the visionary Feynman, Otte and his team have now coded a section of Feynman's lecture on an area 100 nanometres wide.
STM scan (96 nm wide, 126 nm tall) of the 1 kB memory, written to a section of Feynman's lecture, There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom.
The team used a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), in which a sharp needle probes the atoms of a surface, one by one. Using these probes, scientists not only see the atoms, but can also push them around: "You could compare it to a sliding puzzle", Otte explains. "Every bit consists of two positions on a surface of copper atoms, and one chlorine atom that we can slide back and forth between these two positions. If the chlorine atom is in the top position, there is a hole beneath it – we call this a 1. If the hole is in the top position and the chlorine atom is therefore on the bottom, then the bit is a 0." Because the chlorine atoms are surrounded by other chlorine atoms, except near the holes, they keep each other in place. That is why this method with holes is much more stable than methods with loose atoms and more suitable for data storage.
The researchers from Delft organised their memory in blocks of 8 bytes (64 bits). Each block has a marker, made of the same type of 'holes' as the raster of chlorine atoms. Inspired by the pixelated square barcodes (QR codes) often used to scan tickets for airplanes and concerts, these markers work like miniature QR codes that carry information about the precise location of the block on the copper layer. The code will also indicate if a block has been damaged, for instance due to some local contaminant or an error in the surface. This allows memory to be scaled up easily to very big sizes, even if the copper surface is not entirely perfect.
The new method offers excellent prospects in terms of stability and scalability. Still, this type of memory should not be expected in commercial use anytime soon: "In its current form, the memory can operate only in very clean vacuum conditions and at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), so the actual storage of data on an atomic scale is still some way off," explains Otte. "But through this achievement, we have certainly come a big step closer".
18th July 2016
New dwarf planet found beyond Neptune
Astronomers have announced the discovery of 2015 RR245, a dwarf planet candidate in the Kuiper Belt with a highly elliptical orbit.
An international team of astronomers including researchers from the University of British Columbia (UBC) has discovered a new dwarf planet orbiting in the disk of small icy worlds beyond Neptune.
The new object is about 700 km (435 miles) in diameter – slightly larger than Pluto's moon Charon – and has one of the largest orbits for a dwarf planet. Designated 2015 RR245 by the International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Centre, it was found using the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Maunakea, Hawaii, as part of the ongoing Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS).
"Finding a new dwarf planet beyond Neptune sheds light on the early phases of planet formation," said Brett Gladman, the Canada Research Chair in planetary astronomy at UBC. "Since most of these icy worlds are incredibly small and faint, it's exciting to find a bright one that is easier to study, and which is on an interesting orbit."
RR245 was first spotted in February 2016 by astronomer JJ Kavelaars of the National Research Council of Canada. The OSSOS project uses powerful computers to hunt the images, and Kavelaars was presented with a bright object moving at such a slow rate that it was clearly at least twice as far from Earth as Neptune and 120 times further from the Sun than Earth.
The vast majority of dwarf planets like RR245 were destroyed or thrown from the Solar System as the giant planets moved out to their present positions. RR245 is one of the few dwarf planets that survived to the present day, along with Pluto and Eris, the largest known dwarf planets. RR245 now circles the Sun among the remnant population of tens of thousands of much smaller trans-Neptunian worlds, most of which orbit unseen.
Worlds that journey far from the Sun have exotic geology with landscapes of many different frozen materials, as the flyby of Pluto by the New Horizons spacecraft has shown. RR245 has been on a highly elliptical orbit for at least the last 100 million years, the researchers have calculated. After spending the last few centuries further than 12 billion km (80 astronomical units, or AU) from the Sun, it is now travelling towards its perihelion (closest approach) at five billion km (34 AU), which it will reach in the year 2096.
Since 2015 RR245 has only been observed for one of the 733 years it takes to orbit the Sun, its origin is still unknown, as is the gradual evolution of its orbit in the far future. Its precise characteristics will be refined over the coming years, after which RR245 will be given a proper name. As its discoverers, the OSSOS team can submit their preferred name to the International Astronomical Union for consideration.
RR245 is their largest discovery so far, and the only dwarf planet found by OSSOS, which has identified over 500 trans-Neptunian objects. This new find was only possible due to the exceptional observing capabilities of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.
Credit: CFHT
Graphene-infused packaging is a million times better at blocking moisture
Plastic packaging might seem impenetrable – and sometimes nearly impossible to remove – but water molecules can still pass through. And this permeability to moisture can limit the lifespan of a product. To better protect goods such as electronics and medicines, U.S. and Indian scientists have developed a new kind of packaging that incorporates a single layer of graphene. They report their material, which reduces by a million-fold how much water can get through, in the journal ACS Nano.
These days, packaging is everywhere, sometimes even on individual fruits or vegetables. Wrapping products from food to electronics in plastic films can protect against dust, bacteria and to some extent water. But to maximise the lifetime of moisture-sensitive devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) for more than a year, for example, the packaging must restrict water vapour from entering at a rate of less than 0.000001 (10-6) grams per square metre every day, according to study author Praveen C. Ramamurthy. Today's typical packaging is far from achieving that goal. Ramamurthy and colleagues wanted to see whether adding graphene to flexible polymer films would help.
The researchers synthesised a layer of graphene by chemical vapour deposition and using a simple and scalable process, transferred the graphene to a polymer film. Water vapour permeated the material at the target rate of less than 10-6 grams per square metre per day. An accelerated aging test showed that an organic photovoltaic device wrapped in the graphene-infused film would have a lifetime of more than a year compared to less than half an hour if packaged in the polymer without the graphene.
14th July 2016
Robots could build giant telescopes in space
Researchers have published a new concept for space telescope design that uses a modular structure and robot to build an extremely large telescope in space, faster and more efficiently than human astronauts.
Enhancing astronomers' ability to peer ever more deeply into the cosmos may hinge on developing larger space-based telescopes. A new concept in space telescope design makes use of a modular structure and an assembly robot to build an extremely large telescope in space, performing tasks that would be too difficult, expensive, or time-consuming for human astronauts.
The Robotically Assembled Modular Space Telescope (RAMST) is described by Nicolas Lee and his colleagues at the California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in an article published this week by the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS).
Ground-based telescopes, while very large and powerful, are limited by atmospheric effects and their fixed location on Earth. Space-based telescopes do not have those problems – but have other limits, such as launch vehicle volume and mass capacity. A new modular space telescope that overcomes restrictions on volume and mass could allow telescope components to be launched incrementally, enabling the design and deployment of truly enormous space telescopes.
The Hubble Space Telescope features a mirror diameter of 2.4 m (7.8 ft). Its successor, the James Webb Telescope – due for launch in 2018 – will be nearly triple this size at 6.5 m (23 ft). A longer-term proposal known as the Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) would be even larger, with a mirror up to 16 m (52 ft) in width. The future concept by Lee and his colleagues, however, would dwarf all of these, spanning 100 m (328 ft). This would be powerful enough to obtain detailed views of exoplanets in other star systems, as well as images from the deep universe with phenomenal clarity.
The team's paper, "Architecture for in-space robotic assembly of a modular space telescope," focuses primarily on a robotic system to perform tasks in which astronaut fatigue would be a problem. The observatory would be constructed in Earth orbit and operated at the Sun–Earth Lagrange Point 2.
"Our goal is to address the principal technical challenges associated with such an architecture, so that future concept studies addressing a particular science driver can consider robotically assembled telescopes in their trade space," the authors write.
The main features of their proposed architecture include a mirror built with a modular structure, a general-purpose robot to put the telescope together and provide ongoing servicing, and advanced metrology technologies to support the assembly and operation of the telescope. An optional feature is the potential ability to fly the unassembled components of the telescope in formation. The system architecture is scalable to a variety of telescope sizes and would not be limited to particular optical designs.
"The capability to assemble a modular space telescope has other potential applications," says Harley Thronson, a senior scientist for Advanced Astrophysics Concepts at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre. "For example, astronomers using major ground-based telescopes are accustomed to many decades of operation, and the Hubble Space Telescope has demonstrated that this is possible in space if astronauts are available. A robotic system of assembly, upgrade, repair, and resupply offers the possibility of very long useful lifetimes of space telescopes of all kinds."
Global airline fleet to double by 2035
Boeing has predicted a demand for 39,620 new airplanes over the next 20 years, an increase of 4.1 percent over their previous forecast.
In its latest market outlook, aircraft manufacturer Boeing has predicted that the number of commercial planes in service globally will increase by 39,620 during the next 20 years. When accounting for the number of retired planes, this means an increase from 22,510 today to 45,240 by 2035, more than doubling the worldwide fleet. The total value of those new airplanes is estimated at $5.9 trillion.
"Despite recent events that have impacted the financial markets, the aviation sector will continue to see long-term growth with the commercial fleet doubling in size," said Randy Tinseth, vice president of Marketing, Boeing Commercial Airplanes. "We expect to see passenger traffic grow 4.8 percent a year over the next two decades."
The single-aisle market will be especially strong, with low-cost carriers and the emerging markets driving growth. 28,140 new airplanes will be needed in this segment.
"There's no question the heart of the single-aisle market is around the new Boeing MAX 8 and the current 737-800," Tinseth added. "Airplanes that size already account for 76 percent of the global single-aisle backlog, and our products have the clear advantage in that space."
On the widebody side, about 9,100 airplanes are in the forecast, with a large wave of potential replacement demand in the 2021-2028 time frame. Boeing has forecast a continued shift from very large airplanes to small and medium widebodies such as the 787, 777 and 777X. The Asia market, including China, will continue to lead the way in total airplane deliveries.
12th July 2016
Imagining life in 2036
A new survey reveals the technologies Americans think will disrupt traditional industries over the next 20 years.
This survey was inspired by a list of predictions made by Imperial College London's Tech Foresight research team, released as part of Technology Week in London. SMG Insight/YouGov interviewed 2,088 American adults to find their views on technology in 20 years' time. The results show that a large majority of people (69%) believe that physical money will disappear, two-thirds (66%) believe that pizza deliveries via drone will be commonplace and virtual reality will be routinely used for doctors' appointments. About half the respondents believe it likely that communication devices will be commonly embedded in our bodies. The prediction seen as the least likely is that robots will outnumber human beings, with only 26% considering this likely.
Professor David Gann, Vice President of Innovation at Imperial College London, commented: "London's technologists, scientists, medics and entrepreneurs are creating the future. No city in the world enjoys London's quotient of talent, technology, culture and capital. It is a potent combination. It's an environment where ideas flourish, design and innovation is embraced and new technologies are transforming our lives for the better."
Separate research from Accenture recently revealed the impact of technology on the global economy, with its Digital Multiplier report estimating that the digital economy currently represents 22.5 percent of the world's GDP. This is expected to rise to 25 percent by 2020.
The US is the world's most digital economy, with existing digital investments accounting for 33 percent of its output. Accenture's report highlights how digital skills and digital technologies are having impacts across various sectors – 22 percent of the global retail industry's output is derived from digital, 28 percent in health, and 20 percent in consumer goods.
What are your predictions for 2036? Let us know in the comments below...
7th July 2016
African Union to launch new "single African passport"
The African Union (AU) is introducing a common passport that will allow visa-free access to all 54 member states.
While the shock result of Britain's referendum may threaten the already fragile European Union, other regions of the world are seeing closer integration. Russia, for example, recently helped to establish the Eurasian Union – a political and economic union consisting of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Meanwhile, the East Asian Community (EAC) is a proposed trading bloc for the East Asian and Southeast Asian countries, which may arise out of either ASEAN Plus Three or the East Asia Summit (EAS). On the other side of the planet, the Union of South American Nations was established in 2008 and consists of 12 member countries.
Now, the African Union (AU), formed in 2002 as a continental union of 54 nations in Africa, has taken its latest step towards closer integration by announcing a new electronic passport (e-Passport). This will be launched at the next AU Summit taking place in Kigali, Rwanda from 10th-18th July 2016. This flagship project, first agreed upon in 2014, will be a major part of Agenda 2063 – a strategic framework for transforming the continent over the next 50 years. The AU passport has the specific aim of enabling the free movement of people, ideas, goods, services and capital, fostering intra-Africa trade and socio-economic development.
Aspirations 2 and 7 of Agenda 2063, respectively, envision a future Africa that is "integrated" and "united", with a single African passport seen as an important milestone towards achieving that goal. Common passports have already been adopted across a number of smaller regions, such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The proposed AU passport would be an electronic document permitting continent-wide travel, without the requirement for a visa – except for Morocco (the only non-AU nation in Africa) and several island territories held by Spain, France, Portugal and the UK. The first AU passports will be issued to AU heads of state, government ministers and representatives of AU member states later this month. They will be rolled out to all AU citizens by 2018.
Some believe this two-year schedule is overly optimistic, however. AU Director for Political Affairs, Dr. Khabele Matlosa, acknowledges the target of providing all citizens with the passports by 2018 is ambitious and that full coverage "may not be achieved until several years later". David Zounmenou, senior research fellow at the Institute for Security Studies in Pretoria, South Africa, shares his view: "Not all countries have the same level of technology needed for the biometric system and to register their citizens," he says. "The timeframe is too short – 2020 would be a fine effort."
Deeper integration – such as the formation of a single, pan-African common market – presents enormous political and logistical challenges, but is expected to follow in the decades ahead. On current trends, the World Bank estimates that most African nations will achieve "middle income" status (defined as at least US$1,000 per person per year) by 2025. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the continent, today standing at $2.4 trillion, will see a 12-fold increase by 2050, mushrooming to $29 trillion, larger than the combined GDP of the US and the Eurozone in 2012.
5th July 2016
NASA's Juno spacecraft enters orbit around Jupiter
After a five-year journey to the Solar System's largest planet, NASA's Juno probe has successfully entered Jupiter's orbit during a 35-minute engine burn. Confirmation that the burn had completed was received on Earth at 8:53 p.m. PDT (11:53 p.m. EDT) on Monday 4th July.
"Independence Day always is something to celebrate, but today we can add to America's birthday another reason to cheer – Juno is at Jupiter," said NASA administrator Charlie Bolden. "And what is more American than a NASA mission going boldly where no spacecraft has gone before? With Juno, we will investigate the unknowns of Jupiter's massive radiation belts to delve deep into not only the planet's interior, but into how Jupiter was born and how our entire Solar System evolved."
Confirmation of a successful orbit insertion was received from Juno tracking data monitored at the navigation facility at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, as well as at the Lockheed Martin Juno operations centre in Littleton, Colorado. The telemetry and tracking data were received by NASA's Deep Space Network antennas in Goldstone, California, and Canberra, Australia.
"This is the one time I don't mind being stuck in a windowless room on the night of the 4th of July," said Scott Bolton, principal investigator of Juno from Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. "The mission team did great. The spacecraft did great. We are looking great. It's a great day."
Preplanned events leading up to the orbital insertion engine burn included changing the spacecraft's attitude to point the main engine in the desired direction and then increasing the spacecraft's rotation rate from two to five revolutions per minute (RPM) to help stabilise it.
The burn of Juno's 645-Newton Leros-1b main engine began on schedule at 8:18 p.m. PDT (11:18 p.m. EDT), decreasing the spacecraft's velocity by 1,212 mph (542 metres per second) and allowing Juno to be captured in orbit around the gas giant. Soon after the burn was completed, Juno turned so that the Sun's rays could once again reach the 18,698 individual solar cells that give Juno its energy.
"The spacecraft worked perfectly, which is always nice when you're driving a vehicle with 1.7 billion miles on the odometer," said Rick Nybakken, Juno project manager from JPL. "Jupiter orbit insertion was a big step and the most challenging remaining in our mission plan, but there are others that have to occur before we can give the science team the mission they are looking for."
Over the next few months, Juno's mission and science teams will perform final testing on the spacecraft's subsystems, final calibration of science instruments and some science collection.
"Our official science collection phase begins in October, but we've figured out a way to collect data a lot earlier than that," said Bolton. "Which when you're talking about the single biggest planetary body in the Solar System is a really good thing. There is a lot to see and do here."
Juno's principal goal is to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter. With its suite of nine science instruments, Juno will investigate the existence of a solid planetary core, map Jupiter's intense magnetic field, measure the amount of water and ammonia in the deep atmosphere, and observe the planet's auroras. At its closest approach, it will come within 3,000 miles (5,000 kilometres) of the cloud tops. The mission will take a major step forward in our understanding of how giant planets form and the role these titans played in putting together the rest of the Solar System. As our primary example of a giant planet, Jupiter can also provide critical knowledge for understanding the planetary systems being discovered around other stars.
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text: home > women's health center > women's health a-z list > acyclovir, zovirax index acyclovir acyclovirRelated Doctor's & Expert's Views « Back to acyclovir Index Sorted Alphabetically A-Z Sort by popularity Chickenpox FAQs Dangers of Mixing Medications Drugs: Buying Prescription Drugs Online Safely Drugs: The Most Common Medication Errors Generic Drugs, Are They as Good as Brand-Names? Genital Herpes FAQs Home Treatments for Shingles How To Reduce Your Medication Costs Indications for Drugs: Approved vs. Non-approved Medication Disposal - What to Do with Old or Unusable Medication Pharmacy Visit, How To Get The Most Out of Your Visit Prescriptions: Complying with the Doctor's Orders Shingles (Herpes Zoster) FAQs Sorted by Popularity (as on MedicineNet) Sort alphabetically Shingles (Herpes Zoster) FAQs Genital Herpes FAQs Chickenpox FAQs Prescriptions: Complying with the Doctor's Orders How To Reduce Your Medication Costs Pharmacy Visit, How To Get The Most Out of Your Visit Indications for Drugs: Approved vs. Non-approved Generic Drugs, Are They as Good as Brand-Names? Drugs: Buying Prescription Drugs Online Safely Drugs: The Most Common Medication Errors Medication Disposal - What to Do with Old or Unusable Medication Dangers of Mixing Medications Home Treatments for Shingles Suggested Reading on acyclovir, Zovirax by Our Doctors Related Diseases & Conditions 12 articles Genital Herpes in Women Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Symptoms of genital herpes include painful blisters and Shingles Shingles, or Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Women (STDs) Sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs, are infections that are transmitted during any type of sexual exposure, including intercourse (vaginal or anal), Tongue Problems There are a variety of diseases and conditions that can cause tongue problems, discoloration, and soreness. Though most tongue problems are not serious. Pityriasis Rosea Pityriasis rosea is a rash that begins with a large pink patch with well-defined scaly borders on the back, chest, or neck. In one to two weeks, the person Cold Sores (Nongenital Herpes Simplex Infections) Herpes simplex infections are Facial Nerve Problems and Bell's Palsy (Bell Palsy) Facial nerve disorders affect the muscles of the face. There are many causes of facial nerve disorders including Chickenpox (Varicella) Chickenpox (chicken pox) is a contagious childhood disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Symptoms have an incubation period of 14 to 16 days and Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Ramsay Hunt syndrome is an infection of a facial nerve that causes a red painful rash with blisters and facial paralysis. The herpes zoster virus causes Shingles and Pregnancy Becoming infected with chickenpox during pregnancy could cause birth defects in your unborn child. Likewise, shingles could also cause problems for your Are Cold Sores (Fever Blisters) Contagious? About 20% of cases of cold sores are caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and approximately 80% of cold sores are caused by herpes simplex virus Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Pregnancy (STDs) When you are pregnant, many sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can be especially harmful to you and your baby. These STDs include herpes, HIV/AIDS, genital Medications 5 articles Procedures & Tests 0 articles Pictures, Images & Quizzes 14 articles Doctor's & Expert's Views 10 articles Health News 6 articles Health Features 0 articles Privacy Policy Sex & Relationships Get tips to boost your love life. By clicking submit I agree to WebMD's Privacy Policy From WebMD Healthy Resources Is PrEP Right For You? Safe Sex Quiz: How Much Do You Know Are We Close to a Cure for Cancer? Featured Centers Feeling Short of Breath? What to Eat When You Have Cancer Top 3 Anaphylaxis Triggers Health Solutions From Our Sponsors Frequent Constipation? Greater Food Accessibility Exclusives What Does Psoriasis Look Like? How to Prevent Muscle Cramps Blood Clot? Know the Signs and Symptoms Allergy Triggers: Do You Know Yours?


text: The Anchorage Inn has three rooms each with a small kitchen area. Located near the golf course on Orcas Island it is at the end of a graveled road in the middle of trees with views of the East Sound waters. No children allowed so it is peaceful with visits from several deer (two fawns, a buck, does), rabbits, bald... 更多


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Hot (tuna) fun in the summertime
Time to load up the smoker
Daniel Powell 2:03 p.m., July 24
Posted December 12, 2013
Headed to Thailand – or anywhere in Southeast Asia? Read this first.
1) Leave your rolly luggage at home. Wear a backpack and only fill it ⅔ full. You will shop – if not for yourself, for your friends. Most of all, make sure that your bag ...
Daniel Powell 2:03 p.m., July 24
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Robert Bush noon, July 24
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Julie Stalmer 6:30 p.m., July 23
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RS485 Motor Controllers Datasheets
from CARLO GAVAZZI Automation Components
The VariFlex is a simple and compact AC variable speed drive for use with 3-phase AC induction motors. the drive's parameters are divided in two different lists: the first one is the Basic Parameter function list for the standard setting of the inverter and the second one is the Advanced Function... [See More]
- Communication: RS232; RS485
- Axes: 1.0
- Product: Variable Speed; MCU
- Motor / System: Induction
from Celeroton AG
Sensorless control – from standstill to 1 million rpm. All of our converters allow sensorless control of permanent magnetic synchronous machines (PMSM) and brushless DC motors (BLDC). The tuning of the modulation and control systems of our motors and turbo compressors, or of your electric... [See More]
- Communication: CANbus; RS232; RS485
- PC-Based Bus: Other; CAN
- Product: Speed Controller; PC-Based
- Motor / System: DC Brushless
from Dart Controls, Inc.
The Accu-Set is a compact, economical control that can be used with conventional AC, DC, or Brushless DC adjustable speed drive systems to provide an LED display of set speeds and precise, digital closed loop motor speed control. An on-board microprocessor with non-volatile memory coupled with... [See More]
- Communication: RS232; RS422; RS485; TTL
- Axes: 1.0
- Product: Speed Controller; Variable Speed; Silicon Controlled Rectifier Drive
- Motor / System: DC Brushless; DC Servo; AC Servo
from Data Device Corporation (DDC)
The MC-5000 series is a high performance DSP based family of self-contained, programmable, turnkey motor controllers designed to precisely control the position, torque, and speed of 3-phase BLDC motors, with maximum reliability. Benefits. Compact, High Power Density, Fully Integrated Solution... [See More]
- Communication: CANbus; RS422; RS485
- Axes: 1.0
- Product: Speed Controller
- Setup: Computer
from Electro-Sensors, Inc.
Closed Loop Motor Speed Controller. Features. • Security lockout. • Diagnostics for easy troubleshooting. • Isolated speed reference signal. • 0.02% speed regulation in master and follower mode. • Complete I/O isolation. The MS320 is a cost-effective way to add digital PID... [See More]
- Communication: RS232; RS422; RS485
- Resolution: 12
- Product: Speed Controller
- Axes: 1.0
from Festo Corporation
Motor controller SFC-DC-VC-3-E-H0-CO To parametrise and position the electrical mini slide SLTE and the parallel gripper HGPLE. Controller operating mode=P position controller, Protective function=(* I Â ²t monitoring, * Current monitoring, * Voltage failure detection, * Drag error... [See More]
- Communication: CANopen; RS232; RS422; RS485
- Peak Current: 5
- DC Input: 24
- Setup: Computer
from Yaskawa America, Inc. - Drives Division
1/2 - 500 HP. This innovative drive utilizes 3 level control to offer the best solution for challenging installations. Yaskawa is the only manufacturer to offer a low voltage drive with this architecture. 3 level technology minimizes drive induced problems associated with long motor cables and... [See More]
- Communication: DeviceNet (optional feature); Ethernet (optional feature); PROFIBUS (optional feature); RS232; RS422; RS485; Modbus, LonWorks
- Axes: 1.0
- Product: Speed Controller; Variable Speed; Inverter; High Frequency; Pulse Width Modulation Drive
- Motor / System: Induction; Synchronous; Pole Number Control; Sensorless Vector; Vector Feedback
from GE Industrial Solutions
The GE Limitamp motor control center provides an economical means of centralizing motor starters and related control equipment. It permits motor control starters, feeders, isolator switches, distribution transformers, interlocking relays, programmable control, metering and other miscellaneous... [See More]
- Communication: RS232 (optional feature); RS422 (optional feature); RS485 (optional feature); Modbus RTU
- Phase : Three Phase
- AC Input: 2300 to 4800
- Frequency: 50 Hz; 60 Hz
from Parker Hannifin / Automation / Electromechanical Division - Europe
Drive for Brushless and Asynchronous Motors. High performance drive. Brushless and asynchronous motors control. From 2 to 150 Arms continuous current. Resolver, incremental/less wire encoder, SinCos+EnDat and SinCos+Hiperface absolute encoderfeedback. Positioner with speed trapezoidal profile. [See More]
- Communication: CANopen; DeviceNet (optional feature); Ethernet (optional feature); PROFIBUS (optional feature); RS232; RS422; RS485; SERCOS (optional feature)
- Axes: 1.0
- Product: Controller / Drive; Speed Controller
- AC Input: 230 to 480
from TB Woods Incorporated
TB Wood 's E-trAC SW1 AC Micro Drives provide ease of use plus simple installation and start-up. With only 14 standard parameters to adjust for basic operation, the SW1 is fast and easy. For the more advanced user requirements, the extended parameter set gives access to increased levels of... [See More]
- Communication: RS232 (optional feature); RS485 (optional feature); Optical Interface
- Axes: 1.0
- Product: Speed Controller; Inverter; Pulse Width Modulation Drive; MCU
- Motor / System: Induction; Synchronous; Pole Number Control


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Aug 01, 20168:00 AMPhD OrientationForchheimer Medical Science Building 5th Floor Lecture Hall
Aug 22, 20165:00 PMQual Exam Workshop: Introduction to the Qualifying ExaminationForchheimer Medical Science Building 5th Floor Lecture Hall
Currently no information available on upcoming Thesis Seminars
All Ph.D. and MD/Ph.D. students receive an annual stipend and full tuition remission for all the years of their training.
Program Features
Stipend & Tuition


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NLRB heads to court to stop Kellogg's lockout of Memphis workers
The decision to head for court "recognizes Kellogg's illegal positions and iron-fisted conduct were so destructive to these workers' rights ."
Postal unions sign cooperation pact, prepare for joint April 24 actions
The target will be schemes to cut postal services, end Saturday pickup and delivery, and fire or let go by attrition hundreds of thousands of workers.
Right wing legal schemes may enmesh UAW Volkswagen rerun vote case
The tangle over UAW's loss at Chattanooga is important to workers nationwide because this union recognition election saw massive anti-union intervention by outside-funded right wing groups.
Today in black history: Medgar Evers' killer convicted
White supremacist Byron De La Beckwith was convicted in the murder of African-American civil rights leader Medgar Evers, over 30 years after the crime occurred.
Today in labor history: KKK found guilty of conspiracy in death of Viola Liuzzo
Liuzzo, who came from a working-class Detroit family and had lived in the South as a child, traveled to Alabama after the Selma to Montgomery marches and the "Bloody Sunday" attack at Edmund Pettus Bridge.
Plant owner gets 20 years in slammer for workers' deaths
OSHA's investigation of the 2010 explosion at a gunpowder plant in Colebrook, N.H., resulted in the issuance of 16 willful and more than 30 serious safety violation citations, along with a $1.2 million penalty
Today in labor history: Abolitionist John Brown was hanged
On Dec. 2, 1859, abolitionist John Brown was hanged in Charleston, Va., for his leadership of a plot to incite slave rebellion.
Workers plan nationwide strikes against "bully" Walmart
"Walmart is just a bully, and people across the country are starting to see the real Walmart, that's why I continue to stand up, because the time for change is now."
Subway fires worker for giving a 3-year-old a cookie
We've heard of ridiculous excuses companies use to fire pro-union workers, but a Seattle Subway shop takes the cake...er, cookie. Working Washington reports the firm fired Carlos Hernandez for giving a 66-cent cookie, free, to a 3-year-old.
"Mr. Clean" gives guest workers a dirty deal
America's unions are going to bat for foreign workers who toil in America, in conditions that approximate slavery. And Dwight Allen, a 41-year-old "guest worker" laboring in Florida apartment buildings says he is sure glad they have.


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Alber Elbaz Put His Models in Flats So They Wouldn't Stumble on the Runway Like Drunks
How sweet of him!By Amy Odell
How sweet of him!By Amy Odell
You will want to see Brad in his costume.By Summer Rej
This collection is taking 20 years off Alber's life.By Charlotte Cowles
Basically, if this stuff is true, the year 2012 will be the coming of the fashion apocalypse.By Amy Odell
Watch a short film of the spring 2011 dry run.By Jeremy Kost
Plus, Lynn's take on Viktor & Rolf and Comme des Garçons.By Lynn Yaeger
Ahhhhhhhhhhh!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!By Amy Odell
Go ahead, die.By Amy Odell
The photographer on shooting backstage at New York, Milan, and Paris.By Ashlea Halpern and Eve Bertin-Lang
They can sit on the real fur bench in the meantime.By Amy Odell
Also, Vivenne Westwood and Jean Paul Gaultier are working on 'Snow White and the Seven Designers.'
Plus, Barneys New York fashion director Julie Gilhart's take.By Charlotte Cowles
The label's lovable creative director says, "If you go too clean, you lose the dream."By Harriet Mays Powell
"You ask [women], what is your dream? It's to be skinny. That's all they want."By Amy Odell
She is said to own 6,000 pairs of Loubs.By Amy Odell
The house says, "Replacing him is not an issue."By Amy Odell
A fashion blogger's tweet has raised alarm!By Amy Odell
Also, Gisele Bündchen's first photo shoot since giving birth reportedly took place this weekend.By Amy Odell
Because he sits in front of his computer entranced in deep thoughts.By Sharon Clott
Also, a new exotic-skin handbag store hawking $62,000 alligator bags opens on Madison Avenue today.By Lauren Murrow


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By Sinan Özdemir, World Bulletin / Brussels
President of the World Uyghur Congress Rebiya Kadeer was in Paris for the pre-preparations of the world Uyghur women conference which will be organized at the end of April. The conference seeks not only to discuss the problems faced by the Uyghur women and children scattered throughout various countries in the world, but to also bring together women from other ethnic groups who live, and face exclusion, in China. It is expected that 130 to 180 participants from nearly 100 countries will join the conference. Rather than being mostly political, it is expressed that the conference will focus on efforts regarding the rights of women and children. However, the organizers are not without concern that the conference might be canceled prior to the Netherlands' visit to China in the spring.
As President of the World Uyghur Congress, Rebiya Kadeer is the voice of Uyghur people in the outside world. In the article she wrote in the Washington Post last year, she expressed hope for the government change that would take place in China, and indicated that she believed that the severe conditions to which Uyghurs living in East Turkestan are exposed would be eased. However she states that "since the election of Xi Jinping, over the last three months three Uyghurs have been sentenced to death, so he cannot trust him. She adds: "The Uyghurs are not permitted to request a passport. Even if they had done nothing prior to the Chinese New Year, the homes of Uyghur families have been searched." She explains that the information from East Turkestan does not reflect the reality and that pressures on Xinjiang have intensified (Le Monde).
Passport and visa problems are among the problems well known to Rebiya Kadeer. Many countries, especially the Republic of China, consider her a "persona non grata." What is happening in East Turkistan forces Uyghurs to migrate primarily to neighboring states. The passages which cannot be obtained through legal ways are sought within the framework of rights "provided by international law." But it is hard to say that this too occurs smoothly.
The economic and diplomatic balance in the region is not in favor of the Uyghurs. The policies adopted by the members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in which economic cooperation with China takes place also include the joint fight against terrorism as among the forms of cooperation. Within this framework of cooperation, groups which China considers as terrorists cannot easily apply for asylum in Central Asian Republics. Furthermore, according to the US-China balance in Asia, countries trying to establish good relations with China do not hesitate to deport Uyghurs who seek asylum by ignoring the protection obligations prescribed by international law.
In order to prevent Uyghurs from seeking asylum following the 2009 uprisings in Urumqi, China apply intense pressure on regional countries. By labeling Uyghurs as "terrorist, radical Islamists and separatists," China requests help from other countries in the region, especially under the framework of a joint struggle against terrorism. These pressures are not limited to only the countries in the region. Pressure is also applied to countries with economic cooperation through indirect pressure.
In early 2012, six Uyghurs were tried to enter Malaysia with fake passports and seek asylum were secretly deported to China in a helter-skelter manner during the last days of December. With the emergence of this humanitarian scandal at the beginning of February, Malaysia became the target of international organizations. The deportation of these arrested Uyghurs despite it being known that they were in contact with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and that the Commissioner was in contact with Malaysia for their "asylum" to be granted was considered as a clear violation of international law by the UNHCR whose headquarters are in Geneva. What happened in Malaysia was neither the first nor will it be the last. Prior to this, 11 Uyghur asylum seekers had been deported to China in 2011.
Like Malaysia, other countries in the region, such as Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Pakistan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan do not hesitate to send Uyghurs back to China. The World Uyghur Congress has called for the international community to condemn countries for sending Uyghurs back to China knowing the inhumane practices in Chinese prisons.
Even though the Chinese government indicated that things had calmed following the events in Urumqi in 2009 and there had been positive developments, things are not as they seem. As the conversion movement launched by the Chinese government in various cities, such as Kashgar, is deleting the traces of Uyghur civilization, it is desired that the local culture will be assimilated into the dominant Han culture. In the light of recent events, can we suppose that the administration which does not hesitate to arrest the deported Uyghurs who sought asylum treats the Uyghurs living in East Turkestan with compassion?
Beside the reproach against the Western mainstream media, I am not generalising that. We did not fail to notice the respectable comments of the journalists such as David Hearst and Glenn Greenwald.
Indian oppression has given rise to a militancy that India is exploiting using its new influence on the world stage
A Ramadan raid on an Indonesian food seller has sparked a discussion of tolerance in the Muslim majority country
US President Barack Obama said Mansour was targeted because he was an obstacle to the peace process
After six long years, May 2016 witnessed the gathering of Lebanese for the local municipality elections in different regions in Lebanon.
That last item is a key driver of efforts to forge a rapprochement between Israel and Turkey:
If accountability is to take place, then the West cannot compensate for South Africa, the Hejaz, Yemen, the Middle East and the Balkans.
Islamophobia is growing in the UK, with ongoing and regular scaremongering about Muslims from certain sections of the media and it is now at its highest since 2010
Assertive behavior from China, with Indonesia covering up a Chinese incursion is indicative of growing troubles in the region
Dr Naeemur Rahman Khaled shares part II of his last moments with his father, Dr Motiur Rahman Nizami
Over the next few days Worldbulletin will publish the account of the last moments of Mawlana Motiur Rahman Nizami, written by his second eldest son Dr. Naeemur Rahman Khaled. Today is part one of that account
The hanging of the Maulana Nizami was pure and simply a statement reflecting a systematic state sanctioned campaign of terrorism and oppression against a specific section of the society.
Syrian regime is trying to show the world that they have recaptured and improved the military position, liberated and defended Syria
Although the Kutu'l Amare victory did not change the course of World War I, the victory was a significant event that is to be cherished in its own right
Nothing is clear in Brazil's murky political crisis, except that the country will suffer the consequences for a long time to come


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Our next Genesis-sponsored C N A class will start on or about June 13th This is a daytime class and will be held on Monday, Tuesday & Thursdays through August 25th. Fee for the course is $500 and includes the class, books, and background checks.
An Information session will be held at Scarborough High School on Wednesday, May 25th @ 6:00PM for interested participants. For an Application and more information contact Joan Tremberth at firstname.lastname@example.com
Posted by Joan Tremberth on March 2, 2016 | Read more in: News and Events


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MBMI Resources Inc. is a Canadian-based mining company focused on the exploration and development of nickel mineral properties in the Philippines. MBMI and its partners control nine nickel laterite projects in the Philippines, covering an area greater than 22,000 hectares. MBMI's objective is to become a major supplier of high-grade nickel material to primary industrial consumers in Asia.