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YOU like good quality paper QSL? Me too. QSL confirming our QSO, or stations I managing in 2-3 weeks? YES!!!
DIRECT QSL to me - best is PayPal (use my e-mail). WHY? You don't need to pay in your post office
for stamps, envelopes, also not afraid for postage thiefs sending cash. Just pay not less 3.5 USD and include all
QSO details with your address. Every monday I am going to my post office and sending Direct requests. I am happy confirm QSO by paper (nice color) QSL.
INFORMATION about prefix trophies, please take a look below
News (updated 22 Feb 2016):
P40M 2016 from Aruba Island QSL via LY5W same as P4/VE8DX.
TO2M 2015 from Martinique Island QSL via LY5W same as FM/VE8DX.
6Y2M 2015 from Jamaica Island QSL via LY5W same as 6Y5/VE8DX.
Op: Ken VE3LA / VE8DX
QSL: DIRECT ONLY ( Ken is not LRMD bureau member). He is NOT eQSL, LoTW. Only paper QSL.
CN8QL (still no LOGs, wait please), FM/VE8DX, LY2W (Direct), TO2M (2015), 6Y2M and 6Y5/VE8DX, IT9/VE8DX, V85/VE8DX, V85/VE3LA, IT9AUG QSL via LY5W Direct only.
The QSL (card) is the final courtesy of a QSO !
The QSO takes a short time - The QSL card is Forever !
While I appreciate every one of the QSLs I get via the QSL bureau each year, I do not want anyone to feel obligated to send me a QSL for each contact. If I need a QSL for an award, I will QSL direct and send an SASE or postage, as appropriate.
About my QSLing:
I do answer to received QSL cards IF received QSL card has clear handwritten indication "PSE QSL".
I do not QSL from QRZ Logbook, I do not read QRZ messages.
Sometimes QSO's are uploaded in LoTW, eQSL but I don't like such confirmation. Remember - sometimes.
Info for direct QSL:
Please include at least 2 (EU Union) or 3 USD (Other) , 2 Euro coin or 1 or 2 IRC (JA).
You can also pay via PayPal (my e-mail) 3.5 USD. I need QSO Data.
February 2016 we started to work with RUSBEAM.
Read here please http://rusbeam.ru/index.php?dn=info&pa=dealers
June 2015 we started with www.quad.ru , so look to our site too www.antenna-europe.com
Bureau cards will be answered but they are lowest priority.
Bureau QSL's to these countries - DL, EA, F, I, JA, ON, PA, SP - once/twice in year sending himself to their bureau's. Or to hands during summer LY-Hamfests to well known amateurs. Friedrichshafen Ham Radio in June also. Once in a year.
Other call's: UP2BIM, LY2BIM, LY1DR, LY10DR, LY61DR, LY75DR, LY91DR, LY95DR, LY98DR, LY16W, LY20W, LY200NB, LY37W, LY550W, LY600W, LY605W, LY70W, LY755W, LY760W, DL/LY1DR, IT9/LY5W, OE/LY5W, SP/LY5W, YL/LY5W, LY53SOP, LY54SOP, LY55SOP, LY10NATO, LY10W, LY25W, IG9/LY5W, II9P, IQ9UI, IU9T, W9/LY5W, W4/LY5W, KD9CVR, W5MX, N8PR, W0AIH.
LY Prefix Hunter Trophy
LY WPX Trophy Honor Roll:
Work LY prefixes on all bands (HF or VHF) and using all modes to earn this handsome plaque. SWL OK. You must have confirmation by regular QSL, eQSL or LOTW.
Baltic States WPX Trophy:
All 3 Baltic Sea countries must be presented.
Baltic Sea WPX Trophy
Work Baltic Sea Countries different prefixes on all bands (HF or VHF) and using all modes to earn this handsome plaque. SWL OK. You must have confirmation by regular QSL, eQSL or LOTW.
Baltic Sea Countries: DA-DR - Germany, ES - Estonia, LA-LN - Norway, LY - Lithuania, OF-OJ - Finland, Aaland Is., Market Reef, OU, OV, OW, OZ, 5P - Denmark, SA-SM, 7S, 8S - Sweden, HF, SN-SR, 3Z - Poland, R1A-R1D, U1A-U1D and R2F, U2F - Russia (st.Petersburg, Leningradskaya obl, and Kaliningradskaya obl.), YL - Latvia.
All 10 Baltic Sea countries must be presented.
7315956 Last modified: 2016-05-15 19:33:51, 12638 bytes
You must be logged in to file a report on this page
Book Totals: 18 qso's 18 confirmed Get a free logbook at QRZ.COM


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Sherman Dillard (born September 1, 1955) is a former American basketball player. He was a head men's basketball coach at Indiana State University and at James Madison. Currently, he is an assistant basketball coach at the University of Iowa. Prior to... being hired at Iowa in May 2010, he was a basketball representative for Nike.
Connect any celebrity with Sherman Dillard to see how closely they are linked... romantically!

subset: commoncrawl


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Candice Bergen: I'm Fat! I Don't Care Either!
Award winning actress Candice Bergen opens up about her changing body image in her new memoir, declaring herself to be fat and proudly at that.
Award winning actress Candice Bergen opens up about her changing body image in her new memoir, declaring herself to be fat and proudly at that.
Kim Kardashian has found a way to divert attention from her horribly dyed blonde hair.
The shameless reality star posted yet another photo on Instagram yesterday of herself in "waist training," as she and sisters Khloe Kardashian and Kourtney Kardashian continue to profit off a ridiculous, ineffective item.
Kim Zolciak has done it. She's officially sunk down to the level of the Kardashians.
The reality star - who is no stranger to posting selfies of her thinning body online - shared a new snapshpt of her GIANT boobs and her TINY waist today, including with it the admission that she now uses a waist cincher.
If you've ever been to Kylie Jenner's Instagram page, you know the girl is in good shape.
If her selfies were any more revealing, they'd be X-rays, and she's clearly proud of what she has going on.
This just in: Kourtney Kardashian is still a sell out.
The reality star first took to social media in January in order to shill for a completely ridiculous weight loss corset that does not help one lose weight.
Give Khloe Kardashian credit:
In the reality star's latest Instagram post, she makes no effort whatsoever to hide the fact that she is being paid to snap a selfie and write a caption.
Some get boob jobs (like, REALLY huge boob jobs).
Other suffer from some serious makeup disasters.
Sure, Katy Perry's Super Bowl halftime show was every bit the candy-coated pop confection that her fans had hoped it would be, but it was a supa dupa fly hip hop icon from Katy's middle school days that may have stolen the show.
Katy's surprise guest was none other than living rap legend Missy Elliott. (She was also joined by Lenny Kravitz who rocked out with an unplugged electric guitar, but that's a different story.)
Just like her sister before her, Kourtney Kardashian is officially a sell out.
Just six weeks after giving birth to child number-three, a son named Reign Aston Disick, the reality star has posted a new selfie on Instagram, one that shows off her massive weight loss.
After a grueling season in which former sports standouts sought to recapture their Glory Days, The Biggest Loser has crowned a champion at last.
Toma Dobrosavljevic, Sonya Jones and Rob Guiry survived 17 episodes of sweat, tears and flat out grueling workouts to make it to the live finale.
The 21st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards featured plenty of water cooler moments, but perhaps none more than the new and improved Zach Galifianakis.
The Biggest Loser Season 16 Episode 17 saw he finalists return to L.A. to run up and down the stairs of the Memorial Coliseum and relive the milestones.
They've come so far, but who will cross the finish line in first place?


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Is Grime a Dirty Word?
Grime burst onto the scene at the beginning of the millennium as the most exciting and original form of British music in decades.
But many of the artists who came from this scene are now known for music far removed from the sounds they started out with.
DJ Target asks why grime often gets abandoned? Is it possible to stay within grime but take your music to a wider audience? He speaks to artists like Lethal Bizzle, Megaman from So Solid Crew, Kozzie and Ghetts; as well as DJ's, journalists, clubbers, and record labels. Does it matter that people want to make music that appeals to the masses?
Last on
Sun 7 Apr 2013 21:00


text:
Skip to Main Content
IEEE membership options for an individual and IEEE Xplore subscriptions for an organization offer the most affordable access to essential journal articles, conference papers, standards,
eBooks, and eLearning courses.
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Third-generation mobile and portable radio systems will require higher transmission rates than recent second-generation systems in order to provide users with access to multimedia services. The typical bandwidths of second-generation systems are generally such that, for indoor applications, multipath diversity can be exploited by code division multiple access (CDMA) schemes, but not by frequency division-time division multiple access (FD-TDMA) schemes. However, for the larger bandwidths of future third-generation systems, multipath diversity can also be exploited by means of FD-TDMA. This paper investigates the influence of such an increase in transmission rate and various other radio link parameters on the capacity of an indoor wireless FD-TDMA cellular system. System performance is assessed via an analytically rigorous and statistically relevant semi-analytical approach: using radio link performance results obtained as a function of small-scale signal variations and without any assumptions with respect to the distribution of interference, the overall average system outage rate and binary error rate are evaluated by considering large-scale signal variations over a hexagonal cellular layout. Results are expressed in terms of the relative variations of the required handoff threshold, path loss and shadowing characteristics, for different combinations of cellular reuse factor, transmission rate and number of diversity antennas at the receiver, both in the presence and absence of equalization
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


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Added by AnyClip Subscribe 2 714
Published 25 Nov 2011
The clip Dr. Evil's redundant plans from Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997) with Mike Myers...
The clip Dr. Evil's redundant plans from Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997) with Mike Myers, Robert Wagner I have a plan. It's called blackmail. As you know, the royal family of Britain are the wealthiest landowners in the world. Either the royal family pays us an exorbitant amount of money or we make it seem that Prince Charles has had an affair outside of marriage and therefore, would have to divorce. Prince Charles did have an affair he admitted it, and they are now divorced. Right. Okay, people, you have to tell me these things, all right? I've been frozen for 30 years. Okay? Throw me a frickin' bone here. I'm the boss. Need the info. Okay. No problem. Here's my second plan. Back in the sixties, I developed a weather-changing machine which was in essence a sophisticated heat beam which we called a "laser". Using these "lasers", we punch a hole in the protective layer around the world which we call the "ozone layer". Slowly but surely, ultraviolet rays would pour in increasing the risk of skin cancer. That is unless the world pays us a hefty ransom. That also already has happened. Shit. Oh, hell, let's just do what we always do: hijack some nuclear weapons and hold the world hostage. Good. Gentlemen, it's come to my attention that a breakaway Russian republic, Kreplachistan is about to transfer a nuclear warhead to the United Nations in a few days.


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Scientific Forecaster Discussion
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Lincoln IL 1051 AM CDT SAT JUL 30 2016 .UPDATE... Issued at 1045 AM CDT Sat Jul 30 2016 Update the forecast to remove the morning fog, otherwise rest of forecast generally looked on track today. IFR to MVFR clouds remained along and north of I-72 and expect skies to become partly to mostly cloudy this afternoon there. More sunshine south of I-72 but expected scattered to broken cumulus clouds to develop there as well similar to what occurred yesterday afternoon. A short wave was heading east toward IL late this morning, and projected to track east across central IL this afternoon. Have a few isolated light rain showers north of Peoria late this morning and forecast models show isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms devloping along and north of I-72 this afternoon and also southeast of I-70 where instability is a bit higher. CAPES are lower than past few days, peaking near 1k J/kg southeast of I-70 and northeast of I-74. This convection then dissipates around dusk this evening with loss of instability. Highs 80-85F this afternoon with warmest readings southeast of I-70. Still rather humid conditions prevail again today with dewpoints in the upper 60s to around 70F. && .SHORT TERM...(Today and tonight) ISSUED AT 332 AM CDT Sat Jul 30 2016 Short-wave trough evident on 08z/3am water vapor imagery over northern Illinois will be the primary weather-maker across the region today. Numerous slow-moving thunderstorms developed in advance of this feature across eastern Iowa/northern Illinois yesterday afternoon, with this convection producing outflow boundaries that settled southward toward the I-74 corridor during the evening. While the strongest synoptic lift associated with the upper wave will be a bit further east across Michigan/northern Indiana today, think it will still be close enough to provide enhanced lift along the lingering outflow boundaries across north- central Illinois. Most high-res models suggest only isolated and very disorganized convection today: however, think storms will be more numerous further north closer to the boundaries. As a result, have carried chance PoPs along/north of I-74 from late morning through the afternoon. Further south, have only gone with slight chance PoPs across the remainder of the area with high temperatures mainly in the lower 80s. Any storms that fire today will quickly dissipate by early evening, followed by dry conditions through the night. As upper wave moves further away and ridge of high pressure builds in from the northwest, mostly sunny and dry weather is expected on Sunday with highs reaching the lower to middle 80s. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) ISSUED AT 332 AM CDT Sat Jul 30 2016 Upper ridge currently in place over the Desert Southwest will gradually shift eastward next week. Main question will be how strongly the ridge will build across central Illinois, as that will have a big impact on PoPs. GFS has consistently shown a weaker ridge, keeping the area in the proverbial "ring of fire" around the periphery of the ridge. Meanwhile, the ECMWF has shown a stronger 500mb high, resulting in warmer/drier conditions by mid-week. Latest GFS/GEM seem to be trending toward the ECMWF, so confidence is growing that early week rain chances will give way to hot and mainly dry conditions by Wednesday/Thursday. Before the ridge builds in sufficiently though, the potential exists for nocturnal storm complexes beginning Sunday night. GFS/ECMWF/GEM are all in good agreement with this first complex...keeping it west of central Illinois until early Monday morning. Have therefore focused highest PoPs across the Illinois River Valley Sunday night, with dry conditions expected further east across the E/NE CWA. Scattered showers/thunder will prevail across the entire area on Monday, before another nocturnal system may develop/move across central Illinois Monday night into Tuesday. Have carried high chance PoPs accordingly. After that, ridge builds further eastward and rain chances decrease by Wednesday. Temperatures will start out in the middle 80s on Monday, but will climb into the lower 90s by Thursday as upper heights rise. && .AVIATION...(For the 12Z TAFS through 12Z Sunday morning) Issued at 645 AM CDT Sat Jul 30 2016 Fog and low clouds will affect central IL terminals until around 14Z before daytime heating dissipates fog. Expect areas of IFR/LIFR vsby and cigs especially along and just north of a KSPI-KCMI line. Cigs will likely lift to MVFR category after 14Z and VFR by around 17Z. Scattered shra/tsra are possible from around 18Z-03Z, especially at KPIA, KBMI, & KCMI. Clearing skies and light winds will bring a chance for fog redeveloping overnight and have included 3sm vsby after 09Z in TAFs for now. && .ILX Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ UPDATE...07 SHORT TERM...Barnes LONG TERM...Barnes AVIATION...Onton
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Rabbit are social animals and they love the company of friends. While the most common pairing is with another rabbit, what happens if the rabbit is actually a plush?
Looks like Nelix the lop-eared bunny is not too bothered. He was way too thrilled and smitten with his new friend.


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Listen to free music played by TheOgreKing
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station and start listening to @TheOgreKing.
TheOgreKing Tin Man keeps getting removed! That won't stop me, though! This version is pretty radical, but you have to wait about 2 minutes for the song to start.
AMERICA – TIN MAN (LIVE)| play
Sep 15, 2013 at 9:00 am via YouTube | AMAZON | ITUNES
Barbara Acklin – Am I the Same Girl 1968.| play
May 22, 2013 at 2:10 pm via YouTube | AMAZON | ITUNES
TheOgreKing I love every version of this song, so I'll Blip both originals!
Chicago – Saturday in the park| play
Aug 15, 2011 at 8:10 pm via YouTube | AMAZON | ITUNES


text:
- 40,000+ reviewsfrom bikers like you
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Lightweight sport touring multi composite fibre helmet with internal drop-down sun visor
Aggressively styled carbon Kevlar race helmet with micro-porous lining
Aerodynamically optimised helmet with wide eye port and improved ventilation
Shoei's 1st full face helmet with an internal sun visor
Improved Quantum ST now with Pro Shade system & speaker pockets as standard
Great value, great design
Had tried on loads of different makes to no avail. This make was suggested to me in a shop but they didn't have the correct size. Having looked online I was delighted to find Sportsbikeshop and this helmet at a great price. I do have a slightly odd shaped head and although I should have fitted a Medium/Large, I actually purchased the large. Sportsbikeshop were really helpful in allowing me to try different sizes and the returns process was easy and my refund was processed quickly. Excellent helmet with sun visor and air vents. Excellent shop.Read more
Quality helmet, looks the part
This is my first proper bike helmet so I wanted to splash out bit more to buy a quality helmet. Initial reaction was it looks awesome! It is a lot better quality than the cheap helmets I've used for other applications in the past. I bought a Large, the cushions inside are nice and soft and should be easy to clean. The sun visor is very handy for the low hanging evening sun and is very easy to use the handle with gloves on. The visor is simple to take off/on and easy to clean, water beads off it nicely. The Pinlock is amazing! I used it for a week or so without it and you would have to keep the visor slightly open to avoid fog. The strap is easy to manage with gloves on also, one thing this helmet could do with as standard is the Chin Curtain, i just purchased one after testing one. It reduces the wind noise and keeps flies out! The adhesive reflective strips supplied are a nice touch. Not sure if the vents do much as i haven't really noticed. All in its a great mid range helmet, not too cheap and gives you peace of mind when out on the road. Would definitely buy Shark again and from SBSUK!Read more
Top lid
I have always preferred top of the range helmets. I believe you pay for what you get. So it was nice to see Shoei incorporating an internal sun visor in there helmets. I work night shifts and traveling home after a long heavy night with tired eyes and being greeted to that rising sun burning the back of your retina's out you need all the help you get and I am pleased to say they have done a cracking job of incorporating it in the design. It's effective and the tab you slide is easy to find and operate. It goes in the opposite direction to what you expect but you get use to this easy. The fit is snug and suits those with thin faces as per usual with Shoei. The vent are easy to find and operate the ones on the top of the lid are especially effective at keeping the top of you nice and cool on those roasting days and long trips. I did find the visor mists up quickly at stand still but when I fit the Pinlock provided I'm sure this will not be a problem. The visor action is positive and secure. On fitting I feel there is a little less depth in the helmet and at first could feel it on the top of my head through the padding probably because of that vent system on the top but after some wearing in it seemed to feel a lot better. Its fitted with a system for easy removal for first aiders so safety is a primary consideration. Cheek pads etc are removable for cleaning and fitting of comms systems. Noise levels are very good a great improvement on my recent AGV and of course the build quality is far superior. It may be expensive compared to competitors but you pay for what you get.Read more


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Everything I Know about Marketing I Learned From Google
by Aaron Goldman
- #104 in Nonfiction, Computers, Internet, Electronic Commerce
- #557 in Business & Finance, Marketing & Sales
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"Google is a once-in-a-generation company. Aaron Goldman has written an essential book that goes beyond telling us how Google became so important to explaining why the revolution it's leading will affect everyone in media and marketing."
—Brian Morrissey, Digital Editor, Adweek
"An insightful tour of the elements that have made Google successful combined with a usable guide on how to apply this learning to your business."
—Rishad Tobaccowala , Chief Strategy & Innovation Officer, Vivaki
About the Book
You know you've hit it big when your name becomes a verb—and no one knows that better than Google. In just over 10 years, Google has become the world's most valuable brand, consistently dominating its category and generating $6 billion in revenue per quarter.
How does Google do it? In a word: marketing.
You may not think Google does much marketing. Indeed, it doesn't do a lot of what has traditionally been viewed as marketing. But in today's digital world, marketing has taken new shape—and Google is at the cutting edge.
In Everything I Know about Marketing I Learned from Google, digital marketing expert Aaron Goldman offers 20 powerful lessons straight from Google's playbook. Taking you deep into the inner workings of the Googleplex (which are simpler than you think), Goldman provides the knowledge and tools you need to build and grow your brand (which is also simpler than you think).
Along the way, he shows how Google's tactics are being used by a wide range of successful corporations, from Apple to Zappos. Key principles include:
- Tap into the Wisdom of Crowds: Get the signals you need directly from your customers
- Keep It Simple, Stupid: Craft messages people can grasp in a nanosecond and pass along
- Don't Interrupt: Join the conversation— but avoid disrupting it
- Act Like Content: Provide value, not sales pitches
- Test Everything: Take no detail of your program for granted; you can always improve
- Show Off Your Assets: Distribute your brand everywhere
The beauty of it all is that these Googley lessons can be applied to every aspect of marketing, in organizations of any size. Whether you run a PR department in a multinational corporation or serve as the sole marketer in a small business, these tactics work.
In its mission to "organize the world's information," Google has rewritten the book on marketing. Use Everything I Know about Marketing I Learned from Google to remake your own organization's marketing—and engage more customers than ever.
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eBook Details
- McGraw-Hill Education, August 2010
- Imprint:
McGraw-Hill Education
- 9780071746212
- Language:
- English
- Download options:
- EPUB 2 (Adobe DRM)
You can read this item using any of the following Kobo apps and devices:


text:
Top Definition
A term that can mean many things. Generally meaning good sex.
A: She's being a bitch, what should I do?
B: Hit her with the dick.
B: Hit her with the dick.
Por blackandyellowsd 06 de marzo de 2014
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Los emails se envían desde firstname.lastname@example.com. Nunca te enviaremos spam.×


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NOAA: Warmest January in both satellite records
Warming is +0.18°C (.32°F) decade
Last week, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released its monthly "State of the Climate Global Analysis" for January.
We see blowout warming in the satellite temperature record, which is so beloved of the anti-science crowd since they think — incorrectly — it doesn't show warming. Note that in UAH, we crushed the previous record.
In NOAA's own surface dataset, January is slightly less record-shattering:
The combined global land and ocean average surface temperature for January 2010 was 0.60°C (1.08°F) above the 20th century average of 12.0°C (53.6°F). This is the fourth warmest January on record.
As seems to be a pattern now, the record warmth seems to elude much of the East Coast, where most of the lawmakers and major media bloviate:
Hmm, could that be because New study finds the poor weather stations tend to have a slight COOL bias, not a warm one?
36 Responses to NOAA: Warmest January in both satellite records
Looking at the UAH real time data it is obvious that Feb will be the warmest Feb on record. Like Jan, it will destroy the previous record.
Just a minor detail – the trend in January data is 0.18°C per decade. However, the trend in annual data is around 0.13°C (UAH) and 0.15°C (RSS) per decade, last I checked.
As for NOAA, the southern hemisphere oceans and land temps were 1st and 2nd hottest, and norther hemisphere ocean temps were 2nd hottest. The only reason it wasn't a hotter month was that northern hemisphere land temps were 18th-hottest. So if anyone claims the data is inconsistent with their local weather, they're wrong.
[JR: Yes. That'll no doubt change if this is the hottest year on record.]
The Japan Met. Agency has ranked January the third warmest on record behind 2007 and 2002. 1998 was the fourth warmest.
NASA GISS is still not out, hopefully later today or tomorrow.
The cooler weather in the US east and southeast of late is striking, but a quick perusal of the global satellite temp and SAT maps should silence Inhofe. Someone should email him some maps and stats., and show him that there is a world outside of the USA. Does he know the USA cover less than 2% of the planet's surface area? Maybe it can be be in the form of an open letter to the press in a prominent Washington DC paper?
A nice big press release Joe, that should leave quick a bit of egg on the Senator's face, and deservedly so.
It's telling that deniers are trumpeting the snow on the East Coast while ignoring the equal and opposite headline of "no snow at Winter Olympics." The fact that both extreme weather events are happening simultaneously is revealing of the extent to which deniers completely ignore everything outside their own backyard. Not to mention that most places on earth that are NOT the East Coast are still undergoing warming. I've created a graphic I think captures this (stealing a photo I got off this blog):
MarkS: I have been following the UAH monthlies with interest for the last several months. I wouldn't bet that Feb 2010 will break the record for Febraury. Feb 1998 was 0.76, and right now it looks like this February will likely fall a bit short of the peak of the large El Nino cycle in 1998. My guess is that Feb 2010 will come in at around 0.65 to 0.72.
But this still means that Feb 2010 will become the 2nd hottest ever for February, handily beat the existing runnerups:
Feb 1998 at 0.76
Feb 2010 at 0.65 to 0.72 (estimated and projected to end of month)
Feb 07 at 0.46
Feb 06 at 0.45
Feb 04 at 0.43
Feb 05 at 0.41
Feb 03 at 0.40
Here is some numbers I posted last month, where I underestimated the Jan 2010 anomaly:
I am interested in the projection that the January '10 UAH anomaly will exceed 0.70. I checked the UAH data, and this would be the highest Jan anomaly in the data, beating 0.59 in Jan 07 and 0.58 in Jan 98.
In addition, the UAH anomaly hit 0.50 last November, the highest Nov anomaly in the records. The runner-up was Nov '05 with 0.40 and only two other Nov anomalies exceeded 0.30.
And the September UAH anomaly hit 0.42, the second highest for that month. The record was Sep '98 with 0.43, and only other September reading to exceed 0.30 was Sep '05 with 0.35.
And the July UAH anomaly was also 0.42, the second highest in the record. The record was Jul '98 with 0.52, with the third place going to Jul '05 with 0.33. Only one other July exceeded 0.30.
Notice that all the other years were El Nino peak years following the January El Nino, and 2010 will be the El Nino peak year, following this January El Nino peak. The UAH satellite data seem more sensitive to the ENSO cycle than other temperature records, and this could mean 2010 will be a barnburner year.
If Feb 2010 continues hot, and takes 2nd place, we will have 5 of the last 8 months either First or Second as the hottest in the UAH troposphere temperature record.
What will come next? March could still be high for UAH, but then expect a seasonal drop in May; for some unknown reason that only Spencer or Christy know, the UAH anomaly has a seasonal cycle that bottoms in May, then rebounds in June and July, then peaks again in January and February.
I am interested in the 12 month running average, and if we don't see a big seasonal drop in May, the 12-month UAH average could hit an all-time hottest "year" with the June report. Right now, my guess is Second hottest "year", because the UAH troposphere temperature is clearly strongly dependent on El NIno, and 1998 had a very large El Nino.
In short, the UAH troposphere temperature trend is clearly up, and if 1998 hadn't been influenced so strongly by the big El Nino, this "year" would be the hottest in the dataset.
Good assessment. Unless things turn around the second half of the month, it looks like Feb 2010 will be the second warmest on record. As you say though, the long term trend is most definitely up, for both the UAH and RSS data, the RATPAC (global radiosonde) data too.
1998 is no longer the warmest year on record, alas the denialati keep ignoring that fact. That and the fact that 1998 is now being challenged and exceeded in years with weak or moderate El Ninos. Even the strong La Nina of 2007-2008 was warmer than the two super El Ninos observed in the 80s.
Swanson et al. (2009, PNAS) state that:
"Here we present a technique that objectively identifies the component of inter-decadal global mean surface temperature attributable to natural long-term climate variability. Removal of that hidden variability from the actual observed global mean surface temperature record delineates the externally forced climate signal, which is monotonic, accelerating warming during the 20th century." See their Fig. 3.
I think part of the reason for the vast increase of denialist activity and attacks over the past few months is the very fact that the global temperature is going up while the denialist forecast was global cooling for a long period. It is surprising that so many of them jumped on the cooling train, as they would serve their case just as well by simply claiming the continuing warming to be natural. Forecasting cooling meant a risk of being proven wrong, thus a risk of losing valuable credibility, so that leads me to believe that some actually were honest in their assumptions.
2010 is very likely to break the record in all the datasets, so it is important that the media is made aware of the global cooling forecast made by the anti-science bunch. When the 2010 statistics are in, and that 98 record likely beaten, exposure of the failed cooling prediction will help the layman (and hopefully media) understand the risk of listening to the sceptics when it comes to longer term climate predictions. A quick google search will reveal some interesting claims of imminent cooling by prominent sceptics, so even a journalist should be able to dig up some good stuff. If the deniers will deny their cooling claims or somehow try to spin their way out of it, that is another question.
Meh, this doesn't prove man "made" warming. Where in all the 'science' have we studies on solar radiation (it's never constant), cosmic radiation (never constant), orbital tilt, wobble, and actual distance from the sun year to year (never constant)? Given just these factors, climate could not possibly be 'constant' from year to year, regardless what the oceans are doing and what's in the atmosphere.
Indeed, if you POSIT a constant Solar energic output, constant cosmic radiation output, constant planetary orbit/tilt and magnetic field…. then Oceanic and air temps going up or down have be explained by the least likely causes: man-made pollution. But how "scientific" is it to dismiss the major factors at play and focus on the least?
We know there have been 3 ice ages in the last million years. So obviously the planet has cooled and warmed repeatedly in the recent geological past. No evil Capitialist republican cave-men to blame. No population bomb to blame. And yet the planet got cold and then warm all on its lonesome. A scientist would be curious as to why.
Now we may be experiencing another warming trend…. but with little concern for the truly cosmic factors in the system, how can any partisan claim "science" as a mantle of authority?
Instead people glom onto 'studies' of the smallest factors in the complex system such as pin point surface temps (terrestrial stations mostly located near urban heat sinks)or satellite images which while impressive, don't point to causation.
To go from "the planet is heating" to "man must be at fault" is not science. It's philosophy. And disagreeing with the "therefore it's man's fault" is not anti-science, it's anti-that philosophy.
The Earth's geologic and bioshere systems are incredibly complex, as is the interplay between the Magnetosphere, Sun and Cosmic radiation. These factors are far and away much larger energic factors and CAUSES of climate changes (which are NATURAL) than daily or annual mean water and air temps, which are the effects of these inputs. Everything humanity does merely AFFECTS the EFFECTS. To deny this is to broadcast one's faith, not in science, but in "will to power" and "the man with the gun makes the rules" ideology.
Oh, by the way. The fact that the 12 month running average UAH could set a near record in the next few months, is why Spencer got a lot of flack for suddenly switching from a 13 month average for a smoothed curve in his UAH anomaly releases, to a 25 month average. Some believe Spencer saw the El Nino, estimated the 13 month average curve was going to be showing some very high data, and so switched in December to the 25 month moving average. Some critics claimed Spencer was trying to "hide the incline".
I actually kind of liked the 25 month average, because it nullifies some ENSO impacts, but 36 or 48 months seems to make more sense because the longer averaging period would eliminate most ENSO impact; But Spencer may have been trying to capture the 2008 La Nina low anomalies, and didn't want to go back 36 or 48 months because he would pick up the 2007 El Nino impacted higher anomalies. The 25 month average seems to have been carefully chosen to try and continue reporting lower average anomalies for awhile (during policy debate?), that he could feature in his press releases. (I hope this isn't true.)
From a cursory view of the monthly data, the 48 month running average of UAH anomaly hit an all-time high in 2007, and this year should set a new record high, with the hot 2007 (El Nino) canceling out cool 2008 (La Nina), and with 2009 and 2010 at near record highs. The 1998 to 2001 period didn't have a 48 month moving average even close to the record for the moving average in 2007, or the record we will almost certainly see this year.
Nice use of the caps lock key…
John the accelerate of the anual warmth factor proves the underlying man-made trend.
Once the solar cyle kicks in again, we will witness much bigger grow in anual warmth factor – hence further accelerating the big thaw. Hence further riscing runaway scenarios. Hence further stressing the ecosystems. Hence further stress in providing food/water.
If you ignore the science you fool yourself and our children.
John @ 8 – it's vividly clear reading your post you've never even bothered to study up on both the related physics and what climate scientists have empirically discovered. I suggest doing that prior to criticizing that which you are woefully uninformed about.
> Indeed, if you POSIT a constant Solar energic output, constant cosmic radiation output, constant planetary orbit/tilt and magnetic field…. then Oceanic and air temps going up or down have be explained by the least likely causes: man-made pollution.
Congratulations… you've just come up with an explanation that has eluded thousands of hard-working scientists, specially trained in this field. Why didn't they consider this obvious line of reasoning? Oh, they did… but apparently the hypothesis didn't fit with 100 years of well-established science.
Well, if you are one of these "hard working scientists" then please let your argument rip showing me how oceans acquire heat from atmopheric pollution and not the sun, magnetospheric reactions with the solar wind and cosmic radiation inputs….or geologic factors such as submarine vents and volcanoes.
I wait with awed anticipation as you show me that the Sun isn't as big a factor in Oceanic temps as human caused pollution.
Of course, being great 'scientists' you will run the numbers and notice that the solar wind has never been constant. And you'd start to notice that since the Oceans cover most of the planet they get most of the heat from the sun…. so suppose the sun's output goes up…what happens to the Oceans? Nothing?
No, much better to focus on currents and themoclines that result from solar and geologic inputs while ignoring these basic inputs. That way we can get thousands of "hard working scientists" employed analysing the effects….while confusing factors that affect them with the true causes of these currents and themocline flux.
Naturally, since science is unbiased, and scientists are naturally curious, you'll focus on the issue not shooting the messenger or his USE OF CAPS. Because obviously, science is about discoving the truth not scoring political points, right? Right?
[JR: Try reading the literature. A change in the forcing by the sun simply isn't a big player in driving recent warming. As a major 2009 study found (see Another long-debunked denier talking point is debunked again: Changes in the Sun are not causing global warming):
According to this analysis, solar forcing contributed negligible long-term warming in the past 25 years and 10% of the warming in the past 100 years.
And a major 2007 study concluded:
Here we show that over the past 20 years, all the trends in the Sun that could have had an influence on the Earth's climate have been in the opposite direction to that required to explain the observed rise in global mean temperatures.
Related scientific studies on the subject can be found on the excellent debunking website, Skeptical Science. Here's but a few:
- Erlykin 2009: "We deduce that the maximum recent increase in the mean surface temperature of the Earth which can be ascribed to solar activity is 14% of the observed global warming"
- Benestad 2009: "Our analysis shows that the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 ± 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980."
- Lockwood 2008: "It is shown that the contribution of solar variability to the temperature trend since 1987 is small and downward; the best estimate is −1.3% and the 2σ confidence level sets the uncertainty range of −0.7 to −1.9%."
- Lockwood 2008: "The conclusions of our previous paper, that solar forcing has declined over the past 20 years while surface air temperatures have continued to rise, are shown to apply for the full range of potential time constants for the climate response to the variations in the solar forcings."
- Ammann 2007: "Although solar and volcanic effects appear to dominate most of the slow climate variations within the past thousand years, the impacts of greenhouse gases have dominated since the second half of the last century."
- Lockwood 2007: "The observed rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen after 1985 cannot be ascribed to solar variability, whichever of the mechanism is invoked and no matter how much the solar variation is amplified."
- Foukal 2006 concludes "The variations measured from spacecraft since 1978 are too small to have contributed appreciably to accelerated global warming over the past 30 years."
By one recent estimate, human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for "80 to 120% of the warming" in recent decades (see "What percentage of global warming is due to human causes vs. natural causes?")
Human-caused emissions are simply driving climate change to dangerous levels with forcings that dwarf previous natural forcings both in speed and scale (see "Humans boosting CO2 14,000 times faster than nature, overwhelming slow negative feedbacks").
And that's why the time to act is now, so every decade this century isn't the hottest decade on record, with unimaginably catastrophic consequences for the health and well-being of our children and grandchildren and their children and grandchildren.]
John, before you go on, you should take a few hours to read this:
It'll take you right from the fundamentals up to the present. Even if you're looking for logical gaps in the case for AGW, Weart is an excellent place to begin, yet quite free of hyperbole and the like.
Oh and 'scientists' didn't even know the Magnetosphere existed 100 years ago. It was discovered in the 1950s. So the lack of a unified theory hardly proves the current theory (that man, and man alone tips the balance) correct.
John @8 and 16, do you know what the Dunning-Kruger effect is?
John, the reason people here were mocking you for your use of caps is because mocking you for the monumental ignorance of your posts was simply too obvious.
As anyone possessed of nothing more exotic than the abstract possibility of either intelligence or integrity already learned some time ago, scientists have been tracking solar output and cosmic radiation for some time, and with considerable accuracy over that time; quite enough to determine beyond any reasonable doubt that neither explanation can account for the contemporary warming that we are seeing.
I am still on the "gray" list here, so I cannot post URL's directly. But you can find an abundance of technical details at places like realclimate-dot-org or skepticalscience-dot-com. You could look up Weart's book The Discovery of Global Warming — A History, which is freely available online, for no more effort than it takes to plug the title into a search engine. Chapter 9 of the IPCC AR4 report is also freely available as a downloadable .PDF, and I thought it quite straight-forwardly readable. The FAQ sheet from Environment Canada on Detecting and Attibuting Climate Change is also quite good.
The above list is the most superficial gloss of the great volumes of materials that are readily available to anyone possessed of even the littlest, little scintilla of integrity such that they would actually trouble to learn the basic facts of the matter prior to ranting about subjects of which they are completely ignorant in public. I am, on that account, therefore absolutely confident that you will continue in your chosen methodology of ignoring that information altogether.
John (#8 and #16), as MapleLeaf kindly suggests, these two posts are textbook examples of the Dunning-Kruger effect, brought up yesterday by Physicist John Cook at his Skeptical Science climate change blog.
Funny about physicists like John and our host here Joe, they work their entire lives to grasp reality, instead of the straws you're grasping at. Here is the link:
Here is John Cook's first paragraph:
"One of the best titles for a scientific paper has to be the Nobel prize winning "Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments". The paper compares people's skill levels to their own assessment of their abilities. In hindsight, the result seems self-evident. Unskilled people lack the skill to rate their own level of competence. This leads to the unfortunate result that unskilled people rate themselves higher than more competent people. The phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect, named after the paper's authors, and is often seen in the climate debate. There are many with a cursory understanding who believe they're discovered fundamental flaws in climate science that have somehow been overlooked or ignored by climate scientists. Some take this a step further and believe they're being deceived."
I suggest whenever we run into comments like John's an appropriate and succinct response might be, "D-K, Dude."
For ten seasons I coached kids ages 6 to 8 in ski racing. Most skied many dozens of times a season often since they were two, and so they were excellent skiers. This has nothing to do with anything, I just wanted to mention it.
Oh wait! The Dunning-Kruger Effect. . .
At the beginning of their first season of ski racing, because they often hadn't skied with other kids their age who were as experienced as they were, they assumed and many times their parents assumed that they were the best skier their age in our club, in Colorado, or in the world.
All it took for them to be convinced otherwise was to be grouped with these other kids and go skiing, and then to finish well back in their first ski races. Because of this empirical evidence they went from sometimes insufferable arrogance to consistent humility quite quickly.
Similar processes for adults include going to a rigorous university as an undergraduate, going to graduate school at a major research university, obtaining a PhD, especially in a science, publishing in a scientific or academic journal and thus undergoing peer review, and if in an appropriate field, being nominated for and then volunteering as an IPCC Report Lead Author or Group Leader.
When one has experienced few or none of these things, it is easy for them to suffer the Dunning-Kruger affect in relation to climate change.
If the formalized educational and scientific processes (comparable to becoming a Major League baseball player compared to an obese beer-league softball player) isn't possible, then reading 100 published, peer-reviewed papers on climate science might be ideal, but reading at least 100 posts (and the comment threads) here, at RealClimate and Skeptical Science would be a good place to start – and the impressively wise and humble do that before commenting too strongly.
Because really, thinking you know more than all the world's scientists who have dedicated their lives to the specific and generalized knowledge demonstrates a combination of arrogance and ignorance that is breathtakingly Bush and Palinesque.
People like to bring up Galileo or other individual scientists as if they're somehow in their class (trust me, they're not) but Galileo was, as many D-K Dudes like to express in all-caps, DOING THE SCIENCE.
(Not completely sure if this is off-topic concerning the Dunning-Kruger effect; and, hope no deniers are watching.)
As co-conspirator with physicist Francis Crick in one of the great biological and technological breakthroughs of our time, James Watson expressed a somewhat blunt perspective describing typical can-do mode:
"Of course there were scientists who thought the evidence favoring DNA was inconclusive and preferred to believe that genes were protein molecules. Francis, however, did not worry about these skeptics. Many were cantankerous fools who unfailingly backed the wrong horses. One could not be a successful scientist without realizing that, in contrast to the popular conception supported by newspapers and mothers of scientists, a goodly number of scientists are not only narrow-minded and dull, but also just stupid."
— James D. Watson, The Double Helix, A Personal Account of the Discovery of THE STRUCTURE OF DNA, 1968, page 14.
The really cool thing about the D-K effect is that anyone suffering from it can argue forcefully that Dunning was a nitwit and Kruger was a fake and a dog knows more about bias psychology than than those guys, and yet never have looked it up.
Natural idiots are too stupid to know how stupid they are.
cougar w (#23): Funny and true! The tiniest of nits: Instead of natural I think idiots are made – or in the case of billionaires Trump, Gates and Buffett, self-made.
And do you have a link to the dog you describe?
Could you give a link for RSS?
Pete Dunkelberg (#25)
Here is the link:
Click on "Anomaly". You can also look at the data for the previous years.
24. Richard Brenne
And do you have a link to the dog you describe?
I know this is off topic, but I thought I should say that not only was the 2000s the warmest decade on record globally, it was also the warmest in the United States. Many people say that "1934 was the warmest year, therefore the '30s was the warmest". My calculations show that the '30s is 3rd warmest decade with the '90s as 2nd warmest. 1998 and 2006 are the two warmest years, with 1934 coming in 3rd.
I used the NOAA/GISS data:
U.S. Decadel Mean Temperature Anomaly (C) (Relative to 1951-1980)
1880s -.30
1890s -.23
1900s -.07
1910s -.20
1920s +.02
1930s +.43
1940s +.14
1950s +.18
1960s -.11
1970s -.12
1980s +.21
1990s +.50
2000s +.70
You might say that one picture is worth a million words in this case, as regions of cold temps are outweighed by those experiencing higher temps.
Re: warmest January. I just spent about 45 minutes looking at all the recent climate change newspaper stories found in a Google search. Very depressing. Lots of stories claiming various errors in the IPCC report. Lots of other denialist garbage. A tiny handful of stories stating AGW was real. Found zero newspaper stories about the warmest January data.
Big sigh.
I have a Web page at my site that can clear up a few of your misconceptions. It is called Climate Change: Natural Causes. On this illustrated page I discuss plate tectonics, milankovic cycles, PDO, solar irradiance (sun spots), El Niños, and volcanoes as drviers of climate change.
Take special note of Figure 4.8a (Cook, 2010) that shows 2009 as the 2nd warmest year in the past 130 years while the sun's "strength" was essentially the weakest in 130 years.
We all make mistakes but the wise person accepts sources of correct information and then educates him/herself. You have been provided these sources by several folks here.
cougar w (#23): "Natural idiots are too stupid to know how stupid they are."
Yeah, but some of us have wives who are more than happy to remind us.
Michael T. (26) Thanks for that link. But I had already been there. My eyes aren't sharp enough to translate that picture into the data at the top of this post. Does anyone know a source for that information?
Bill (#30):
I have noticed the same, with one exception: a short article in the online edition of a Norwegian newspaper. It was also cleverly pointed out that the data came from the climate skeptic Spencer. The journalist is very well informed on the subject, so there are still a few decent writers out there.
Not surprisingly, the comment section was rapidly filled with accusations of alarmism.
Seems weird that the warmest January in the (sceptic managed) satellite temp record would not be interesting to report on in the middle of such an onslaught of accusations of scientific fraud and fabricated warming. Not a balanced debate at all. I'm looking forward to seeing the first article in the mainstream media discuss the record breaking temps and how it contradicts the cooling forecast proposed in 08/09 by the not-so-scientific crowd.
There's an excellent post and comments over at RealClimate on the poor state of newspaper coverage worldwide:
"PSU Grad (#32) says:
cougar w (#23): "Natural idiots are too stupid to know how stupid they are."
Yeah, but some of us have wives who are more than happy to remind us."
PSU Grad – My wife's starting a scientific journal to address her husband's stupidity.
And it just occured to me that one way to avoid peer-review is to live to be 150.


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text: Last Night's Entire PS4 Event In Three and a Half Very Funny MinutesKirk Hamilton2/21/13 2:00pmFiled to: PS4OrbisKotakucoreSonyPlaystationplaystation 4Playstation2013Humor1391EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Did you miss last night's big PlayStation 4 announcement? Want to watch a highlight reel that has the benefit of being both a lot shorter than the actual event and quite funny? VideoGamer's Matt Lees has got you covered, with this "abridged version" of the event. I very much enjoyed this. Good show, guys.Reply139 repliesLeave a reply


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Insurance company must cover driver in Vt fatal crash
BURLINGTON A jury says an insurance company must honor the policy of a Vermont man who was convicted of murder in a drunken driving crash that killed a woman in 2010.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Aug 26, 1975
|Filing date
|Jul 30, 1974
|Priority date
|Jul 30, 1974
|Publication number
|Carl A Burtis, Wayne F Johnson
|Original Assignee
|Us Energy
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (81), Classifications (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent [1 1 Burtis et al.
[ WHOLE BLOOD ANALYSIS ROTOR ASSEMBLY HAVING REMOVABLE CELLULAR SEDIMENTATION BOWL [75] Inventors: Carl A. Burtis, Knoxville; Wayne F.
Johnson, Loudon, both of Tenn.
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington, DC.
22 Filed: July 30,1974
21 Appl.No.:493,006
[52] U5. Cl. 23/259; 233/26; 356/39; 356/246 [51] Int. Cl. 1. B04B 5/12; GOlN 33/16; G01N 21/00; GOlN 1/10 [581 Field of Search 23/253 R, 259; 356/39, 356/197, 246; 233/26 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Maddox et al 23/259 51 Aug. 26, 1975 Mailen 23/259 Mailen 23/259 X Primary Examiner-Morris O. Wolk Assistant ExaminerTimothy W. Hagan Attorney, Agent, or FirmDean E. Carlson; David S. Zachry; Stephen D. Hamel 7 ABSTRACT A rotor assembly for performing photometric analyses using whole blood samples. Following static loading of a gross blood sample within a centrally located, removable, cell sedimentation bowl, the red blood cells in the gross sample are centrifugally separated from the plasma, the plasma displaced from the sedimentation bowl, and measured subvolumes of plasma distributed to respective sample analysis cuvettes positioned in an annular array about the rotor periphery. Means for adding reagents to the respective cuvettes are also described.
7 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure WHOLE BLOOD ANALYSIS ROTOR ASSEMBLY HAVING REMOVABLE CELLULAR SEDIMENTATION BOWL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein relates generally to photometers and more particularly to an improved whole blood analysis rotor assembly for a multi-station dynamic photometer of the rotary cuvette type. It was made in the course of, or under, a contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
Fast photometric analyzers incorporating multistation rotary cuvette systems are becoming widely used in various laboratories because of their ability to rapidly and accurately analyze large numbers of samples. Of particular interest are blood tests including glucose, LDl-I, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, total protein, alkaline, phosphatase, bilirubin, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Since such tests are normally performed on blood plasma, blood cells must be removed from whole blood samples prior to analysis. Cuvette rotors designed to accept and automatically process whole blood samples must, therefore, be capable of separating plasma from cellular material. In addition, such rotors must be designed for receiving a sample in a loading operation, measuring discrete subvolumes of separated plasma from each sample analysis cuvette and transferring the subvolumes into respective cuvettes.
One rotor assembly which has been designed to accept and automatically process whole blood samples is described in copending application Ser. No. 489,305 of common assignee. That rotor is difficult to clean since red cells are closely packed within capillary sized passageways during a centrifugal separation operation de signed to separate the plasma and cellular components. Also, because of its design which requires that part (about half) of a sample be wasted, blood volumes are required greatly in excess of that used in the actual analyses.
It is, accordingly, a general object of the invention to provide an improved rotor for a multi-station photometric analyzer which is suitable for use in performing whole blood analyses.
Another more particular object of the invention is to provide an improved rotor for a multi-station photometric analyzer suitable for receiving a whole blood sample, centrifuging the whole blood sample to separate it into cellular and plasma components, measuring discrete plasma subvolumes, and transferring the subvolumes to respective sample analysis cuvettes.
Another particular object of the invention is to provide an improved rotor for a multi-station photometric analyzer suitable for receiving a whole blood sample wherein sedimented cellular components are readily removable following sample analysis.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved rotor for a multi-station photometric analyzer suitable for receiving a whole blood sample wherein the volume of blood required for analysis is minimized.
Other objects of the invention will be apparent from an examination of the following written description of the invention and the appended drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the invention, an improved rotor assembly is provided for use in performing whole blood analyses in a multi-station photometric analyzer. Included in the rotor assembly is a generally disk-shaped main rotor body and a removable sedimentation bowl nested within the main rotor body and adapted to rotate with that body as a unit. Features defined by the main rotor body include: an annular plasma distribution manifold for receiving plasma displaced from the sedimentation bowl, volume measuring chambers and passageways for receiving plasma from the distribution manifold, means for receiving plasma overflow from the distribution manifold, sample analysis cuvettes disposed in a circular array about the rotor periphery and means for loading reagents into the sample analysis cuvettes. The removable sedimentation bowl includes a hollow disk-shaped base portion and an upstanding annular neck portion through which whole blood samples are statically loaded into the base portion and through which separated plasma is displaced under dynamic operating conditions. Using the subject improvedrotor assembly, cellular components are removed from whole blood samples and retained in the sedimentation bowl which can be cleaned between operations or disposed of and replaced with a new bowl.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawing, which is a top, cut away, isometric view of a rotor assembly made in accordance with the invention, the rotor assembly is seen to include a sedimentation bowl 1 and a disk-shaped main rotor body 2. The sedimentation bowl is shaped to, nest concentrically within the rotor body at the level of the rotor body base and to rotate upon a turntable (not shown) with the rotor body as a unit. As shown, the sedimentation bowl comprises a shallow, hollow, disk-shaped base portion 3 and an upstanding annular neck portion 4 through which whole blood samples may be statically loaded into the base portion and separated plasma displaced under dynamic operating conditions. Neck portion 4 is provided with a slightly tapered inner surface having a larger diameter at its end which is fixed to base portion 3 to ensure movement of displacing liquid into the base portion during a plasma displacing operation. The main rotor body in the preferred embodiment is a vertically stacked, laminar construction comprising a base 5, a divider plate 6, a chamber plate 7, and capping plate 8. The base plate 5 is an annulus of transparent material which provides lower windows for the sample analysis cuvettes which is sized to provide an opening for receiving sedimentation bowl 1. Divider plate 6 is annular shaped and extends centripetally beyond the inner periphery of the base 5, permitting upward projection of the neck portion 4 therethrough. The divider plate 6 functions as a vertical retainer for the sedimentation bowl and as a lower wall for an annular plasma distribution manifold 9 formed in the centripetal region between divider plate 6 and a tapered portion of the chamber plate 7. i
The chamber plate 7 is, in comparison with the outer laminations, a thick annulus which provides a matrix defining the main functional chambers and inner connecting passageways as described below. The annular plasma distribution manifold 9 is formed by relieving a shallow conical portion of the matrix from the lower centripetal edge of the chamber plate. Plasma distribution manifold 9 extends from axially below to axially above the upper extremity of neck portion 4 when, as
shown, sediment bowl 1 is fully inserted within the main rotor body in operating position. A multiplicity (only one shown) of plasma volumetric measuring chambers are disposed in a circular array and displaced axially above and radially overlapping the distribution manifold 9. Plasma inlet ports 11 extend axially and provide liquid communication between distribution manifold 9 and each measuring chamber 10 to permit passage of plasma from the plasma distribution manifold to the respective measuring chambers. Ports 11 are precisely located on a common radius to facilitate equal filling of chambers 10 under centrifugal conditions. The measuring chambers 10 are vented to manifold 9 by means of vent ports 12 located centripetal to the plasma inlet ports 11.
A circular array of sample analysis cuvettes 13 is located peripherally within the divider plate 6 and chamber plate 7. Sample analysis cuvettes 13 are equal in number to, and are somewhat angularly offset from respective plasma measuring chambers 10. One reference cuvette, which is not in communication with a plasma measuring chamber 10, may be provided for photometric blank solutions. Corresponding measuring chambers 10 and sample analysis cuvettes 13 are in communication through corresponding folded passageways 14 which extend from the centrifugal extremity of each measuring chamber 10 and the centripetal extremity of each sample analysis cuvette 13. Each passageway 14 comprises three interconnected, radially extended segments which describe an N shaped path with a first segment 14a extending from the measuring chamber radially outward to a point about equal to the radius at which sample analysis cuvettes 13 are disposed, a second segment 14b extending radially inward from the centrifugal end of the first segment to a point centripetal to the circle upon which commonly lie the plasma inlet ports 11, and a third segment 14c extending radially outward from the centripetal end of the second segment to a sample analysis cuvette 13. At least one plasma overflow chamber 15 is defined within the matrix of the divider plate 6 in a generally peripheral location. The overflow chamber 15 is in communication with plasma distribution manifold 9 by means of an overflow passageway 16 which enters the distribution manifold 9 at a point just centripetal to the circle upon which lie plasma inlet ports 1 l. Overflow passage way 16 extends from plasma distribution manifold 9 upward to the top of the chamber plate 7, and then centrifugally to enter the overflow chamber 15.
As shown, each sample analysis cuvette 13 is provided with a cleanout passageway 17 extending from its lower centripetal extremity to the cavity which is formed in base 5 upon removal of sedimentation bowl 1 from its operating position. Plasma overflow chamber 15 may likewise be provided with a cleanout passageway.
Capping plate 8 is superimposed on chamber plate 7 partially to provide a top closure for the measuring chambers 10, sample analysis cuvettes 13, passageways 14, plasma overflow chamber 15 and overflow passageways 16. The capping plate also provides a matrix for forming reagent loading ports 18 (only 1 shown) which permit direct loading access to each sample analysis cuvette from the topside of the rotor assembly. Second cleanout passageways 19 extend between the reagent loading ports 18 and the centripetal extremity 20 of annular capping plate 8 to provide for fluid cleaning of the sample analysis cuvettes as do the first cleanout passageways 17.
In operation, diverse test reagents are pipetted into the sample analysis cuvettes 13 through the reagent loading ports 18 while the rotor is kept stationary. Whole blood is statically loaded within sedimentation bowl 1 and then centrifuged at about 4000 RPM to sediment cellular components in the periphery of the hollow base portion of the bowl. A comparatively dense, water immiscible liquid, e.g., a halocarbon oil, is added to the sedimented blood under the same dynamic conditions to displace plasma centripetally and upwardly through the neck portion 4 of the sedimentation bowl. The volume of displacing liquid is predetermined to slightly exceed the total volume of the measuring system defined by chambers 10 and passageways 14, in order that the measuring system will fill, yet not overflow in volume exceeding that of the overflow chamber 15. The displaced plasma spills over the top of neck portion 4 and is caught within distribution manifold 9. The plasma then passes through inlet ports 11 into plasma measuring chambers 10 and corresponding passageways 14 until it reaches the limiting centripetal level as defined by plasma overflow passagway 16. Excess plasma flows through overflow passageway 16 into the overflow chamber 15. The thus measured plasma subvolumes are displaced from the measuring chambers 10 and passageways 14 into respective sample analysis cuvettes by intermittent application of air pressure to the open center portion of capping plate 8, while maintaining rotation of the entire rotor assembly at about 1000 RPM. It is necessary to predetermine the combined volume of reagent and plasma samples to be sufficient for photometric measurement, without overfilling the sample analysis cuvettes to the point where liquid could be lost by way of the cleanout passageways 17.
The above described preferred embodiment and method of operation is intended to be illustrative and should not be interpreted in a limiting sense. For example, particulate suspensions other than whole blood could be processed to remove particulates and the clarified supernatant analyzed. Also, the particular manner in which reagents are loaded into the sample analysis cuvettes could differ from that illustrated in that separate reagent loading cavities could be provided which communicate by means of suitable passageways with respective sample analysis cuvettes. It is intended rather, that the invention be limited in scope only by the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A rotor assembly for a photometric solution analyzer of the rotary cuvette type suitable for use in analyzing whole blood samples comprising:
a. a generally disk-shaped main rotor body defining:
i. an annular plasma distribution manifold;
ii. a plurality of volume measuring chambers distributed in a circular array, said volume measuring chambers being in liquid flow communication with said plasma distribution manifold;
iii. means limiting the centripetal level of plasma in said volume measuring chambers during operation of said rotor;
iv. a plurality of sample analysis cuvettes disposed in a circular array about the periphery of said main rotor body, said sample analysis cuvettes being in liquid communication with said volume measuring chambers; and
v. means for loading reagents into said sample analysis cuvettes; and
b. a sedimentation bowl nested within said main rotor body and adapted to rotate with that body as a unit,
said sedimentation bowl comprising:
i. a hollow disk-shaped base portion, said base portion having a centrally located top opening for receiving whole blood samples and discharging displaced plasma; and
ii. an upstanding, open-ended, annular neck portion integrally fixed to said base portion in register with said top opening, the top end of said neck portion terminating within the center of said annular plasma distribution chamber within a plane axially intermediate to the axial extremities of such chamber.
2. The rotor assembly of claim 1 wherein said sedimentation bowl is removably nested within said main rotor body.
3. The rotor assembly of claim 1 further including a plurality of passageways communicating between said sample analysis cuvettes and said volume measuring chambers, each of said passageways comprising three radially extending interconnected passageway segments; a first segment extending radially from a respective sample analysis cuvette to a point centripetal to the, centripetal ends of said volume measuring chambers, a
second segment extending from the centripetal end of said first segment to a point centrifugal to said volume measuring chambers, and a third segment extending from the centrifugal end of said second segment to the centrifugal end of a respective volume measuring chamber.
4. The rotor assembly of claim 1 wherein said volume measuring chambers are axially displaced from said plasma distribution manifold with the centripetal ends of said volume measuring chambers radially overlapping the centrifugal extremity of said plasma distribution manifold.
5. The rotor assembly of claim 4 wherein axially extending plasma inlet ports communicate between said plasma distribution manifold and respective volume measuring chambers, said inlet ports being disposed on a common radius about the center of rotation of said rotor assembly.
6. The rotor assembly of claim 5 wherein said means limiting the centripetal level of plasma in said volume measuring chambers comprises a plasma overflow chamber and a plasma overflow passageway communicating between said plasma distribution manifold and said plasma overflow chamber.
7. The rotor assembly of claim 6 wherein said overflow passageway communicates with said plasma distribution manifold at a radius centripetal to the common radius on which said plasma inlet ports are disposed.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 30, 1971
|Jul 10, 1973
|Atomic Energy Commission
|Loading disk for photometric analyzer of rotary cuvette type
|Dec 9, 1971
|Jul 10, 1973
|Atomic Energy Commission
|Rotor for multistation photometric analyzer
|Apr 24, 1973
|Mar 5, 1974
|Atomic Energy Commission
|Rotor for fast analyzer of rotary cuvette type
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 17, 1976
|Jun 21, 1977
|Toa Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Automatic blood analyzer
|Jan 21, 1977
|Jul 12, 1977
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration
|Filter type rotor for multistation photometer
|Jan 21, 1980
|Mar 17, 1981
|Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc.
|Cuvette rotor assembly
|Jul 19, 1979
|Jun 23, 1981
|Swartout Bobbye J
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|Aug 18, 1981
|Immutron, Inc.
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|May 24, 1983
|Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
|Diagnostics testing devices and processes
|May 1, 1981
|Feb 14, 1984
|Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
|Multicuvette rotor for analyzer
|Apr 7, 1982
|Sep 4, 1984
|Jean Guigan
|Method and apparatus for dispensing a predetermined dose of a sample liquid into a receptor cell
|Jan 18, 1984
|Mar 18, 1986
|Pelam, Inc.
|Centrifugal tissue processor
|Sep 27, 1984
|Apr 7, 1987
|Le Materiel Biomedical
|Reaction support incorporating multiple recipients for testing liquid doses
|Oct 26, 1983
|May 5, 1987
|Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
|Multicuvette rotor for analyzer
|Jul 1, 1986
|Jul 12, 1988
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|Capillary flow device
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|Apr 4, 1989
|E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company
|Fiber reinforced centrifuge rotor
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|May 30, 1989
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|Jan 15, 1988
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|Capillary flow device
|Jun 4, 1990
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|Jan 17, 1989
|Nov 3, 1992
|Molecular Devices Corporation
|Analyzer with improved rotor structure
|Apr 1, 1991
|Dec 22, 1992
|Schembri Carol T
|Centrifugal rotor having flow partition
|Apr 1, 1991
|Feb 16, 1993
|Abaxis, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for continuous centrifugal blood cell separation
|Oct 29, 1991
|Sep 7, 1993
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|Feb 15, 1994
|Nilsson Sven Erik
|Aug 18, 1992
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|Biotrack, Inc.
|Capillary flow device
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|Mar 11, 1997
|Beritashvili; David R.
|Centrifugal method and apparatus for isolating a substance from a mixture of substances in a sample liquid
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|Jul 22, 1997
|First Medical, Inc.
|Fluorescent labelling compositions and methods for their use
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|Oct 9, 2001
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|System and methods for performing rotor assays
|Dec 9, 2002
|Feb 17, 2004
|V & P Scientific, Inc.
|Mar 14, 2001
|Jun 1, 2004
|Universities Space Research Association
|Directional acceleration vector-driven displacement of fluids (DAVD-DOF)
|Nov 15, 2002
|Apr 11, 2006
|Nagaoka & Co., Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for blood typing with optical bio-discs
|Apr 11, 2002
|Apr 25, 2006
|Nagaoka & Co., Ltd
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|Nov 9, 2001
|Jun 13, 2006
|Burstein Technologies, Inc.
|Disc drive system and methods for use with bio-discs
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|Aug 8, 2006
|Nagaoka & Co., Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for blood typing with optical bio-disc
|Nov 13, 2002
|Jan 2, 2007
|Nagaoka & Co., Ltd.
|Optical bio-discs and fluidic circuits for analysis of cells and methods relating thereto
|Jan 10, 2002
|Apr 3, 2007
|Burstein Technologies, Inc.
|System and method of detecting investigational features related to a sample
|Jul 12, 2002
|May 22, 2007
|Burstein Technologies, Inc.
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|Jun 24, 2008
|Burstein Technologies, Inc.
|Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto
|Feb 8, 2006
|Sep 1, 2009
|Caridianbct, Inc.
|Fluid separation devices, systems and/or methods using a centrifuge and roller pump
|Jul 26, 2004
|Sep 1, 2009
|Smith Kenneth E
|Apparatus and method for liquid sample testing
|Mar 29, 2011
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Analytical system, and analytical method and flow structure thereof
|Feb 19, 2013
|Feb 17, 2015
|Panasonic Healthcare Co., Ltd.
|Analysis device and method using the same
|Nov 30, 2001
|Jun 20, 2002
|Cohen David Samuel
|Apparatus and methods for separating components of particulate suspension
|Nov 19, 2001
|Jul 25, 2002
|Gordon John F.
|Methods and apparatus for blood typing with optical bio-disc
|Nov 9, 2001
|Sep 5, 2002
|Worthington Mark Oscar
|Disc drive system and methods for use with bio-discs
|Jan 10, 2002
|Nov 28, 2002
|Worthington Mark Oscar
|Optical disc analysis system including related methods for biological and medical imaging
|Jul 12, 2002
|Feb 20, 2003
|Worthington Mark Oscar
|Optical disc system and related detecting methods for analysis of microscopic structures
|Nov 20, 2001
|Jun 5, 2003
|Selvan Gowri Pyapali
|Methods and apparatus for detecting and quantifying lymphocytes with optical biodiscs
|Sep 6, 2002
|Jun 19, 2003
|Gordon John Francis
|Nuclear morphology based identification and quantification of white blood cell types using optical bio-disc systems
|Aug 29, 2002
|Jul 10, 2003
|Selvan Gowri Pyapali
|Methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of cells and related optical bio-disc systems
|Aug 30, 2002
|Jul 31, 2003
|Selvan Gowri Pyapali
|Capture layer assemblies for cellular assays including related optical analysis discs and methods
|Nov 13, 2002
|Nov 27, 2003
|Valencia Ramoncito Magpantay
|Optical bio-discs and fluidic circuits for analysis of cells and methods relating thereto
|Nov 15, 2002
|Dec 4, 2003
|Hurt Susan Newcomb
|Methods and apparatus for blood typing with optical bio-discs
|Jul 24, 2002
|Dec 18, 2003
|Glenn Sasaki
|Method and apparatus for bonded fluidic circuit for optical bio-disc
|Jan 21, 2003
|Dec 2, 2004
|Chen Yihfar
|Microfluidic structures with circumferential grooves for bonding adhesives and related optical analysis discs
|Jan 23, 2003
|Feb 3, 2005
|Coombs James Howard
|Bio-safety features for optical analysis disc and disc system including same
|Apr 21, 2004
|Feb 17, 2005
|Norbert Staimer
|Optical bio-discs including spiral fluidic circuits for performing assays
|Jun 18, 2004
|Mar 3, 2005
|Horacio Kido
|Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto
|Jul 26, 2004
|Mar 3, 2005
|Smith Kenneth E.
|Apparatus and method for liquid sample testing
|Jul 26, 2004
|Apr 21, 2005
|Horacio Kido
|Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto
|Nov 16, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Hach Company
|User-configurable analytical rotor system
|Nov 16, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Hach Company
|Analytical rotor system with a sample chamber
|Nov 16, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Hach Company
|Analytical rotor system for titration testing
|Nov 16, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Hach Company
|Analytical rotor system for method of standard additions testing
|Nov 16, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Hach Company
|Analytical rotor system with an analytical signal path
|Jan 17, 2003
|Aug 11, 2005
|Pal Andrew A.
|Bio-safe dispenser and optical analysis disc assembly
|Jan 24, 2003
|Oct 6, 2005
|James Rodney Norton
|Manufacturing processes for making optical analysis discs including successive patterning operations and optical discs thereby manufactured
|Feb 8, 2006
|Jun 8, 2006
|Gambro, Inc.
|Fluid separation devices, systems and/or methods using a centrifuge and roller pump
|Nov 15, 2005
|Sep 21, 2006
|Zoval Jim V
|Optical biodiscs with reflective layers
|Jun 9, 2006
|Mar 29, 2007
|Worthington Mark O
|Disc drive system and methods for use with bio-discs
|Jun 23, 2004
|Jul 19, 2007
|Phan Brigitte C
|Fluidic circuits, methods and apparatus for use of whole blood samples in colorimetric assays
|Jul 22, 2004
|Nov 29, 2007
|Horacio Kido
|Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto
|Apr 27, 2007
|Dec 6, 2007
|Horacio Kido
|Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto
|Apr 2, 2007
|Mar 13, 2008
|Worthington Mark O
|Optical disc analysis system including related methods for biological and medical imaging
|May 18, 2007
|Apr 24, 2008
|Burstein Technologies, Inc.
|Optical disc system and related detecting methods for analysis of microscopic structures
|Jan 25, 2013
|Aug 1, 2013
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Microfluidic device and control method thereof
|Feb 23, 1976
|Sep 2, 1980
|Abbott Laboratories
|Chemical analysis cuvette
|Oct 3, 2008
|Sep 16, 2015
|Apr 29, 1981
|Nov 18, 1981
|F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE & CO. Aktiengesellschaft
|Cuvette rotor for analyzer and method of operation of said cuvette rotor
|Apr 8, 1982
|Oct 20, 1982
|Jean Guigan
|Method and apparatus for delivering a predetermined amount of sample liquid to a cell
|Apr 25, 1990
|Nov 1, 1990
|Migrata Uk Ltd
|May 31, 1991
|Dec 12, 1991
|Abaxis, Inc.
|Analytical rotors and methods for analysis of biological fluids
|Oct 27, 1992
|May 13, 1993
|Abaxis, Inc.
|Sample metering port for analytical rotor
|May 18, 2001
|Aug 8, 2002
|V & P Scientific, Inc.
|U.S. Classification
|494/16, 422/72, 356/39, 356/246
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Advertise With Us
The OhioHealth Chiller Ice Rinks offer unique, effective and affordable advertising solutions. Our outstanding customer demographics are ideal for businesses looking to reach young families with discretionary income. With locations located around Central Ohio, we reach families from the entire metro area and surrounding suburbs.
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|Upcoming Events (See all)
USA vs. Canada Pre-tournament Game
Tickets for this historic rivalry between the US and Canada go on sale Friday, April 8 at 10:00am.
2016 Hockey Equipment Swap
Purchase new and used hockey equipment at discounted prices. Donate used equipment at any OhioHealth Chiller location throughout the summer and receive a voucher for two FREE Blue Jackets 2016 Pre-Season tickets!
Skate Into Scouting - Quarterly Scout Skate
Free skating event for Scouts ($7 per person for friends and family, includes skate rental).
|Chiller Blog(See all)
Learn to Skate USA Debuts to Inspire More to Ice Skate
This summer, thousands of skaters of all ages and abilities will return to the ice as part of a rebranded skating instruction program, Learn to Skate USA.
Blue Jackets Prospect Camp Public Skates
Come watch the Jackets prospects and ice skate between their sessions!
2016 Hockey Equipment Swap
Donate used equipment at any OhioHealth Chiller location throughout the summer and receive a voucher for two FREE Blue Jackets 2016 Pre-Season tickets!
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text:
- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
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10 August 2009 at 11:42 PM
Diane Kruger is a Backless Basterd
Posted in Diane Kruger is a Backless Basterd
About this photo set: Diane Kruger dons a daring backless Versace mini-dress at the premiere of her new movie Inglorious Basterds held at Grauman's Chinese Theatre on Monday (August… Read More Here
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GamePrix has announced that the long-waited Open Beta Service for Divine Souls in North America will finally begin in Dec. 14 by OutSpark, presenting newly added elegant contents that will encourage players one step closer to a deeper and more passionate game play.
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Editor's Note 2: Nevermind, I give up...
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Latest News
Proposed 2016 Constitution Amendments
Our proposed Constitution Amendments that we'll be voting on during our 24th Annual Speech Pathologists and Audiologists in Louisiana Schools Conference in October. Proposed Additions SPALS 2016
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Condition: New
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Ground, Overnight, 2 Day
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(1 Reviews)
Behr 211 500 00 49
Expansion Tank
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Sale Price: $36.73
Product SKU: 211 500 00 49
Product Note: Coolant Expansion Tank
Inventory: In Stock
Condition: New
Shipping Options:
Sale Price: $31.33
Product SKU: 376789701
Product Note: Behr Hella Service
Position of Product: Front
Inventory: In Stock
Condition: New
Shipping Options:
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First time buyer...part(s) was in stock ...good price ...great turn around time for delivery. Will shop again if needed. Would have gone with lower shipping option if had known it was coming from next state over.
I have come to expect all my orders from PartsGeek to arrive quickly- as in the next day- and this order was no different. Their website is easy to navigate, their parts inventory is large, and th...