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We report on an analysis of a well known three-pulse sequence for generating and detecting spin I=1 quadrupolar order when various pulse errors are taken into account. In the situation of a single quadrupolar frequency, such as the case found in a single crystal, we studied the potential leakage of single and/or double quantum coherence when a pulse flip error, finite pulse width effect, RF transient or a resonance offset is present. Our analysis demonstrates that the four-step phase cycling scheme studied is robust in suppressing unwanted double and single quantum coherence as well as Zeeman order that arise from the experimental artifacts, allowing for an unbiased measurement of the quadrupolar alignment relaxation time, T1Q. This work also reports on distortions in quadrupolar alignment echo spectra in the presence of experimental artifacts in the situation of a powdered sample, by simulation. Using our simulation tool, it is demonstrated that the spectral distortions associated with the pulse artifacts may be minimized, to some extent, by optimally choosing the time between the first two pulses. We highlight experimental results acquired on perdeuterated hexamethylbenzene and polyethelene that demonstrate the efficacy of the phase cycling scheme for suppressing unwanted quantum coherence when measuring T1Q. It is suggested that one employ two separate pulse sequences when measuring T1Q to properly analyze the short time behavior of quadrupolar alignment relaxation data.
Deuteron quadrupolar alignment echo spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing molecular motions with relaxation times in the range of to T1, corresponding to a correlation time of 10−5s and greater [1, 2]. The method has been successfully applied to study structure and dynamics in a wide range of systems of interest in polymer and chemical physics, biophysics and materials science. Two of the earliest works in the field that implemented the approach involved a study of molecular dynamics in liquid crystals [3] and motional constraints in polyethylene [1, 2]. The approach has been used to study slow tetrahedral jumps in solid hexamethylenetetramine [4], the dynamics of gramicidin [5], to investigate the localized dynamics in DNA fragments [6], and more recently hydration dependent dynamics in RNA [7].
The pulse sequence for generating and detecting quadrupolar order consists of three pulses with shifted phases as shown in Fig. 1. Quadrupolar order is excited by the second pulse, evolves during the delay T and is subsequently converted into an observable signal by the last pulse. By varying T, the relaxation time of quadrupolar order, T1Q, can be measured. This pulse sequence intrinsically generates quadrupolar order and double quantum coherence at the same time even under ideal experimental conditions [3]. The unwanted double quantum coherence can be readily suppressed from the detected signal by phase cycling [3].
One of the prerequisites for performing T1Q experiments on rigid solids is the use of high RF power to excite the nuclear spin ensemble bandwidth, which may exceed 100kHz. The use of high RF power inevitably introduces a variety of pulse artifacts, such as phase transients. Other unavoidable experimental errors include a flip angle error, finite pulse width effect and off-resonance artifact. It is well known from the coherence pathway formalism, that perfect spin rotations as well as the pulse and receiver phase are crucial for the selection of certain orders of quantum coherence [8]. A. Jerschow has reported on a spherical tensor based formalism that quantifies the effects of imperfect rotations when selecting a quantum coherence of interest [9]. In this work, we studied the effects of pulse errors on the alignment echo three-pulse sequence via the fictitious spin- operators developed by Vega and Pines [10]. For the case that only one quadrupolar frequency, ωQ, is present in the spin ensemble (as is the case for a single crystal, for example), we investigated the potential leakage of multiple quantum coherence due to pulse errors. The results show that a simple four-step phase cycling scheme is robust for selecting quadrupolar order if the errors are small, though the signal intensity may be reduced. For the case of a powder distribution of ωQ, we simulated the quadrupolar alignment echo spectra and demonstrated that finite pulse width effects, phase transients and pulse flip errors all distort the powder line shape but that the distortions may be minimized to some degree by a judicious choice of spacing between the first two pulses. Lastly, we highlight experimental data on perdeuterated hexamethylbenzene and polyethelene that demonstrate the effectiveness of a simple four-step phase cycling scheme that was investigated. It is suggested that one perform two experiments with two different phase cycles to verify that the short time behavior of the quadrupolar alignment relaxation data does not include accidentally leaked double quantum coherence.
The fictitious spin- operators were introduced by Vega and Pines to conveniently describe the interaction of a spin I=1 nucleus with a Radio Frequency (RF) field [10]. In this formalism, the basis consists of nine operators given by
From these definitions the various orders of multiple quantum coherence are as follows
In the following, we express the density operator by the above fictitious spin- operators and assume an ensemble of spin I=1 nuclei in a large, static magnetic field. In this situation the spin system is subject to the secular part of the first order quadrupolar interaction as well as a possible resonance offset. In the rotating frame the Hamiltonian is
where Δ is the resonance offset, e2qQ/h is the quadrupolar coupling constant, η is the asymmetry parameter and θ and are the usual Euler angles with respect to the azimuthal axis [11]. We will use the notation ωQ,0 to distinguish with ωQ
which is half the observed splitting of a single crystal doublet when θ=0, or equal to the distance between the peaks in a Pake pattern when η = 0. Neglecting relaxation processes the time evolution of the density matrix is
where H is time independent. In what follows, the initial density matrix ρ(0) is taken as ρ(0)=Iz. The observable signal is determined by computing
where the operator for the receiver, R±y, is defined as R± ±Iy,1 iIx,1.
Before highlighting the effects of various errors on the alignment echo three-pulse sequence, we will show that the phase cycling scheme given in Table 1 (from reference [3]) eliminates double quantum coherence under ideal experimental conditions. In Table 1, ϕi and ϕr represent the phases of the ith pulse and receiver, respectively. In the discussion that follows, ρn(t) represents the density operator for the nth step of the phase cycle given in Table 1. For ideal experimental conditions we assume the experiment is performed on-resonance, thus Δ = 0 in Eq.(3). The propagator for an RF pulse with flip angle β and phase ϕ according to Eq.(7) is
where β = π/2 for the first pulse and β = π/4 for the second and last pulses. The factor of 2 in the spin rotation propagator comes from the definition of the fictitious spin- operators. For the computations that follow we assume for maximum conversion to quadrupolar order and will expand on this assumption in the proceeding section. By using Eq.(3), (6), (7) and (9) the various states of the spin system at t=τ + T− for each step of the four-step phase cycling are
In the above expression, Q = D = 1. The symbols Q and D have been inserted as coefficients to label the quadrupolar ordered term and double quantum coherence terms respectively. These labels show the presence and magnitude of different quantum coherence created after the second delay T, and will be used to track their evolution into detectable signals in the remaining steps of the pulse sequence. It is important to note that the pulse sequence even in the absence of artifacts creates double quantum coherence. Following the last pulse, the signals at 2τ + T for each step of the phase cycle are
In the above expressions the superscripts denote each step of the phase cycle in Table 1. The signal after phase cycling is thus
The result of this computation demonstrates that the four-step phase cycling scheme given in Table 1 cancels double quantum coherence entirely and that the detected signal results only from the quadrupolar ordered state. In the four subsections below we describe the effect of various pulse errors as well as off-resonance effects. It will be shown that these errors may introduce extra terms, such as single quantum coherence and Zeeman order in the intermittent states. Without proper phase cycling, some of these terms may be transformed into an observable signal. However, with the four-step phase cycling scheme given in Table 1, to a good approximation, all terms other than quadrupolar order are suppressed in the detected signal. For the case of a flip error, finite pulse width effect and pulse transient we assume an on-resonance condition with Δ = 0 in Eq.(3).
For the case of a pulse flip error, where the flip angle of any given pulse deviates from a perfect rotation, we study the possible leakage of various multiple quanta in the detected signal. The propagator for the RF pulse with a flip error is modeled as
In the above expression δβ is the flip error for a pulse with flip angle β. For the π/4 pulses the error δ45 is taken to be half of that of the π/2 pulse, δ90. The phase of each pulse in the cycle, ϕ, is again listed in Table 1. Using this model and the procedure described above, the various states of the spin system at time τ + T− for each step of the phase cycling are
In the above expressions Q denotes quadrupolar order, D denotes double quantum coherence, Z denotes Zeeman order, and S1, S2, S3, S4 all denote single quantum coherence. Following the third pulse the signals detected at t=T + 2τ for each step of the phase cycling are
and the signal after phase cycling is
From the above expressions it is clear that Zeeman order (labeled by Z) which appears at time t=τ + T− in Eq.(14a) and (14b) does not contribute to the phase cycled signal in Eq. (17); the first two steps of the phase cycling are able to cancel single quantum coherence (labeled S2 and S4). Together with the last two steps of the phase cycling scheme, double quantum coherence (labeled D) is also canceled. The only term which is created and detected is the quadrupolar ordered term (labeled Q). Thus, the computation shows that even in the presence of a pulse flip error there is no leakage of quantum coherence other than quadrupolar order after phase cycling. The final detected signal is real and is amplitude modulated by cos3(δ90). Note that when the error δ90 = 0 we find that the results agree with the situation of no error, given in Eq. (12). The signal intensity as a function of the π/2 flip angle error, δ90, in the range of 0 ~ 10° is plotted in Fig. 2. The figure shows that the relative reduction of the signal intensity is less then 5% when the flip error is as large as 10°. The pulse flip error may be experimentally measured by a flip-flip sequence [12].
In the situation of a rigid solid, the quadrupolar coupling constant for the deuteron can be as large as 200kHz and therefore the evolution under the quadrupolar interaction during the RF pulses cannot be ignored. The propagator for an RF pulse of width tp thus includes the quadrupolar interaction,
In the following we assume that ωQtp is a small quantity. This assumption is justified under the conditions where the π/2 pulse width tp is on the order of 1 to 3 μs, and the quadrupolar frequency ωQ/2π is less than 20 kHz, so that ωQtp ≤ 0.12π < π/2. We have performed a Taylor expansion of the solution to second order of this small quantity to simplify the complex algebraic expressions and give insight into the dynamics of the spin system in the presence of this error. Following the evolution under the sequence of pulses and delays shown in Fig. 1, one obtains the following density matrices before the last pulse for each step of the phase cycle
Again, the symbols Q and D1 indicate the magnitude of quadrupolar order and double quantum coherence respectively, S1, S2, S3 and S4 denote single quantum coherence and Z1 denotes Zeeman order. In addition, the term D2 is a second double quantum coherence term created due to finite pulse width effects.
Upon implementing the four-step phase cycling scheme again given in Table 1, the detected signal at t = 2τ + T is given by
The result shows that when finite pulse widths are taken into account the detected signal contains Zeeman order as well as quadrupolar order. However, the Zeeman order contribution to the signal intensity is cubic in tp and can be ignored to second order. The quadrupolar order contribution to the signal intensity decreases as the pulse width increases, and is plotted in Fig. 3 as a function of the pulse width tp for several values of the quadrupolar frequency ωQ/2π from 2kHz to 20kHz. The figure highlights that the relative reduction of the signal intensity is less than 5% for the largest value of ωQtp we considered ωQtp/2π=0.06.
In this section we model the effects of RF transients. In a previous work [13], we adopted a model after A. J. Vega [14], where any RF pulse of our pulse sequence includes a transient effect. The model consists of an orthogonal RF field that is applied to the spin system before and after the main pulse. The propagator for an antisymmetric pulse transient is given by
where the first and last propagators represent a pulse transient that rotate the ensemble by an angle αt and have phases orthogonal to that of the main pulse. For example, if the main pulse is about the x-axis then the transient is about the + y-axis before and - y-axis after the pulse. We performed a computation that accounts for pulse transients on all pulses in the spin alignment sequence, assuming that the transient flip angle αt is the same for all pulses. Because αt will typically be small relative to the main pulse duration we have taken a Taylor expansion to second order in our density matrix calculation. The states of the spin system before the last pulse for each step of the phase cycling are
The notation again for the various symbols Q, D1, S1, S2, S3, S4 and Z1, D2 are the same as those in the previous section on finite pulse errors. The computation shows the creation of single quantum coherence, double quantum coherence and Zeeman order in addition to the quadrupolar order terms resulting from RF transients. After implementing the four-step phase cycling one obtains the following expression for the signal at t=2τ + T
The result shows that the detected signal in the presence of RF transients arises only from the quadrupolar ordered state. However, the detected signal contains both real and imaginary components whose individual amplitudes depend on the transient flip angle αt. The real part and the magnitude of the complex signal as functions of αt in the range of 0 to 30° are plotted in Fig. 4. When the flip angle of the RF transient is as large as 30° the signal intensity on the real channel reduces to approximately 70%, and the magnitude of the complex signal reduces to approximately 75% of the signal intensity under ideal conditions. Experimentally RF transients may be characterized by a flip-flop sequence by measuring the modulation frequency induced by the transient [12], [15]. From average Hamiltonian theory, the first order term of Magnus expansion for our transient model in the flip-flop sequence is
where τc is cycle time of the multiple pulse sequence and the modulation induced by the RF transient in a stroboscopic measurement is given by [13]
The relation between J1 and the transient flip angle αt in our model is
Lastly we consider the case when the internal Hamiltonian has a nonzero resonance offset, i.e. Δ ≠ 0 in Eq.(3). We assume the propagators for the RF pulses are the same as that for the ideal condition given in Eq.(9). The density matrices at t = τ + T− for the various steps in the phase cycling are
With the four-step phase cycling the final detected signal is
The above result shows that in the presence of a resonance offset that the detected signal still only arises from quadrupolar order with no additional quantum coherence leaked into the detected signal. There are two observed effects that the resonance offset error has on the signal; there is a phase and amplitude modulation of the signal that is proportional to Δ/ωQ. Because the resonance offset is typically much smaller than the quadrupolar frequency, the effect on the detected signal is negligible. Fig. 5 highlights the variation in the amplitude of the signal as a function of the resonance offset for four different values of quadrupolar frequencies, ωQ/2π, from 2kHz to 20kHz. The results show the reduction in signal in the alignment echo amplitude in the presence of an off-resonance effect as large as 40 Hz is negligible for quadrupolar frequencies ωQ/2π=20 kHz.
In the previous section the analysis was performed for a single value of ωQ and the delay τ was set such that τ = π/2ωQ. Under these conditions, it is straightforward to show that one achieves optimal conversion to quadrupolar order under ideal experimental conditions. For situations where there is more than one quadrupolar frequency, such as in the case of polycrystal or powdered samples, the above condition cannot be achieved and it is challenging to obtain analytical expressions for a distribution of ωQ. In this section, we consider simulation results that illustrate the effects of a given pulse error on the alignment echo spectra acquired by the three-pulse sequence. Broadband excitation of quadrupolar spectra may be achieved by composite pulses and alleviate the stringent requirement that τ = π/2 ωQ to some extent, but are not the subject of this work [16, 17, 18]. The parameters we used in the simulation are ωQ,0/2π = 64 [kHz], η = 0 with τ = 25μs or τ = 30μs. For each value of τ, the spectra for three types of errors were individually investigated. The simulations are performed using a home written algorithm in Matlab and the error models described in the previous section. In all of our simulations we considered 360 powder averages, T=100μs, a 350 μs acquisition window and a dwell time of 0.5μs. The spectra shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are obtained with a Gaussian broadening of 2kHz and zero padding the data once.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show the simulated FID and spectra for τ = 25μs and τ = 30μs respectively under various pulse error conditions. It should be noted that the vertical scale of the spectra shown in Fig. 6 is half that in Fig. 7. Referring to Fig. 6b one observes that the effect of a flip error is to introduce an asymmetry into the spectra. A finite pulse width effect, shown in Fig. 6c through Fig. 6e, in the range of 1μs to 3μs reduces the signal intensity and introduces an asymmetry in the spectra as well. Fig. 6f and Fig. 6g show results for two different RF transients. The main effect of an RF transient in addition to causing an asymmetry distortion is that it introduces some additional artifacts in the center of the spectra, and as the transient is made larger this feature becomes more pronounced. With the introduction of any of the three errors we modeled, an imaginary component is introduced in the FID.
Fig. 7, highlights results for τ = 30μs; the data demonstrate that the effects of the various errors appear to be larger than when τ=25μs. The effect of a flip error shown in Fig.7b also introduces an asymmetry in the spectra, but to a greater extent than that of Fig. 6b where τ = 25μs. The effect of a finite pulse width, shown in Fig. 7c through Fig. 7e also distorts the spectra, but to a greater extent than that shown in the results of Fig. 6c through Fig. 6e. RF transients still result in a spectral distortion in the center of the spectra, however, the asymmetry appears to be much greater than the condition when τ = 25μs shown in Fig. 6f and Fig. 6g. Together, the simulations show that the spectral distortions due to pulse errors may be minimized, to some extent, by judiciously choosing the time between the first two pulses.
An intuitive method of choosing the optimal value of τ is to consider the maxima of the function
which is the powder average of the prefactor of the signal intensity, under ideal conditions. To be clear, the amplitude modulation arises from the generation and subsequent readout of quadrupolar order. A graph of this function is shown in Fig. 8 for the case ωQ,0/2π = 64 [kHz]. Referring to the figure, it is evident that the optimal choice for τ is approximately 9μs. Other than a reduction in signal intensity, the spectra simulated with this choice of τ essentially reproduced that shown for the next maximum, τ=25μs. While the shorter τ choice may maximize the conversion to quadrupolar order, this choice may result in additional distortions in the acquired spectra due to instrumental dead times and probe ring down effects in experiments. Further, Fig. 8 accounts for the observation that the signal intensity at τ = 30μs is smaller than that at τ = 25μs, as the shorter choice in τ allows for more efficient conversion of single quantum coherence to quadrupolar alignment with the π/4 pulse. In practice one may measure the value of ωQ and η with a solid echo and generate a similar figure for determining an optimal choice in τ.
We performed a measurement of the quadrupolar alignment relaxation rate on a perdeuterated hexamethylbenzene(HMB) powdered sample, and a sample of deuterated polyethelene(PE). We measured ωQ,0/2π=16.1 kHz in the HMB sample and ωQ,0/2π=120.5 kHz in the PE sample. The 2H NMR signals were obtained at 27.55MHz, using a Tecmag Apollo solid state NMR system and a home-built NMR probe. The pulse length was 2.8μs for the π/2 pulse with τ set to 35μs in all our experiments. In signal averaging, 80 scans were accumulated for the HMB sample and 1000 scans were accumulated for the PE sample with a recycle delay of 2s. All the experiments were performed at room temperature. In order to probe the effectiveness of the suppression of double quantum coherence we implemented the four-step phase cycling scheme in Table 1 as well as a two step phase cycling scheme consisting of the first two steps in Table 1; the later scheme suppresses single quantum coherence but not double quantum coherence. The integrated spectral intensity as a function of the delay T are shown in Fig. 9 for HMB and Fig. 10 for PE, on a logarithmic scale to reveal the details of the short time behavior. The purpose of the experimental data presented is to demonstrate the efficacy of the four-step phase cycling scheme under real experimental conditions and verify some of the results of our analysis.
Data for the HBM sample using the two-step phase cycling scheme was fitted by two exponentials, shown as the solid line through the triangle points, with time constants 57.5ms and 0.5ms. The four-step phase cycled data, however, is well fit by a single exponential and the fit is shown as the solid line through the circle points, with a time constant of 57.5ms. It is clear that the 0.5ms fast decay component from the two-step phase cycling scheme is double quantum coherence. The absence of other components needed to fit both data sets suggest that there is no single quantum coherence or Zeeman order leakage under our experimental conditions. Furthermore, the four-step phase cycled data indicate that there is no double quantum coherence or other terms that are leaked into the detected signal other than the quadrupolar ordered state by using this scheme. Experimental data acquired on PE are highlighted in Fig. 10 and demonstrate similar results as that found on HMB. Data acquired with two step phase cycling scheme are shown as triangle points; the fit shown as a solid line includes three time constants: 147.7ms, 3.8ms and 0.09ms. Using the four step phase cycling scheme we observe only two time constants: 147.7ms and 3.8ms. The double quantum signal that has a decay time constant of 0.09ms observed in the two step phase cycling experiment is suppressed in the four step phase cycling experiment. It is evident that the pulse phase cycling scheme is also robust for this sample that has a quadrupolar frequency approximately 7.4 times larger than the HMB sample. The bi-exponential decay in the spin alignment echo experiment of PE has been previously studied by H. Speiss and coworkers, and is attributed to 'rigid' and 'mobile' deuterons in crystalline and amorphous regions of the polymer [19]. In our experimental setup, we estimated the pulse flip errors and transients with flip-flip and flip-flop pulse sequences [12]. The flip error for the 90° pulse in our system was determined to be approximately 3.5° and the pulse transient flip angle was determined to be approximately 11°. While an 11° degree phase transient is within the limits of our Taylor expansion computed in the previous section, we found that the phase cycling scheme was robust in suppressing unwanted double quantum coherence. While the pulse flip error was 3.5°, the analysis showed that the four-step phase cycling scheme is also robust against this error and suppresses unwanted double quantum coherence when ωQτ = π/2. Finally, in our experimental setup ωQtp π/2, so no double quantum or single quantum or Zeeman order leakage is expected to be realized, when ωQτ = π/2. We note that the experimental artifacts commonly encountered in other systems may be greater than that found on our system, and it behooves the experimenter to consider running two separate experiments with two separate phase cycles to verify that the short time decay in T1Q experiments is indeed quadrupolar order.
In this work we report on the effects of a variety of experimental imperfections on spin I=1 quadrupolar alignment echo spectroscopy. We studied the potential leakage of unwanted quantum coherence as well as the reduction in signal intensity for four different types of commonly encountered experimental artifacts. For the case of a single quadrupolar frequency (in the case of a single crystal), the findings indicate that by implementing a well known four-step phase cycling scheme that pulse flip errors, finite pulse width effects, RF transients and off-resonance effects will not introduce unwanted quantum coherences. Off-resonance effects have the smallest effect and are negligible in many rigid or semi-rigid solids. Pulse flip errors and RF transients reduce the signal intensity for typical experimental errors to a similar extent. Finite pulse width effects may have substantial effects if the quadrupolar interaction is large, resulting in a reduction in signal intensity comparable in magnitude to the effects of the pulse flip errors and transients. We studied the various artifacts that may arise in the situation of a powder distribution, via simulation. The artifacts associated with the pulse errors may be minimized to some extent by a judicious choice in τ, where single quantum coherence is maximally converted to quadrupolar order. Lastly, it is demonstrated experimentally that the potential leakage of double quantum coherence in the short time decay of quadrupolar alignment relaxation studies may be probed by performing two separate experiments; one cycle that intentionally allows for detecting the double quantum signal and a second cycle that only allows for detecting quadrupolar order.
G. S. Boutis acknowledges support from the Professional Staff Congress of the City University of New York and NIH grant number 7SC1GM086268-03. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences or the National Institutes of Health.
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[Question Concerning Sequestration Under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act]
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The place of pilgrimage Lluc is one of the main attractions in the Serra de Tramuntana on Mallorca.
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By Car[edit]
18km from Pollença, ca.15km from Inca and 20km from Sóller. Winding and narrow roads from all directions.
By Bus[edit]
Buses run from Pollença and sa Calobra. Probably also from Sóller and Inca.
The heart of the old place of pilgrimage is the church, surrounded by a big hotel complex. Beside that, there are some restaurants, bars and souvenir shops. The residential school for choirboys is not accessible for the public.
Located at about 700m above sea level, Lluc is a very central starting point for many hikes in the Serra de Tramuntana.
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The pilgrim Church[edit]
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There are several restaurants with moderate prices.
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You can do many walks from Lluc. Here are some of them:


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Registered Nurses at St. Joseph's Hospital can expect to earn an average of $27.78 per hour. Earnings sit near $21.12 per hour on the lower side but can approach $40.59 on the higher side. Nearly one-fourth of professionals in this line of work do not receive benefits; however, a fair number report medical coverage and a majority claim dental coverage as well. The majority of workers are highly satisfied with their job. The vast majority of Registered Nurses at St. Joseph's Hospital (81 percent) who responded to the survey are women. The information for this rundown comes from respondents who completed PayScale's salary questionnaire.
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Registered Nurses at St. Joseph's Hospital with a lot of experience do not necessarily enjoy more money. Relatively untried employees who have less than five years' experience make $55K, but folks with five to 10 years under their belts enjoy an appreciably larger median of $61K. Registered Nurses at St. Joseph's Hospital with one to two decades of relevant experience report an average salary of approximately $68K. More than 20 years of experience mean a somewhat bigger median paycheck of $72K, but it's not much more than what less experienced people make.
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For use ONLY with the ALLCLEAR Cordless Mosquito Mister
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Product is easy to use. However, I cannot find it anywhere except at ABT.com. I'd like to be able to go buy it from a nearby store rather than to order it via the internet.
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Entering Saturday, Tennessee and Miami-Florida may have seen their bubbles burst.
The VBDI (Vitale Bald Dome Index) is working overtime this weekend, baby!
Breaking down the field of 68 is not easy. There is a lot of speculation. Wacky things are happening in the A-10. There are potential bid stealers still alive. It is March Madness!
Did NC State do enough to get in now, or will it come down to another win?
I have tried to sort things out, by conference.
According to the VBDI, I can make believe it is election night and put up a map. I project 59 in, with a battle for nine spots (as of Saturday morning).
For the last nine slots, I have Xavier, Drexel, Southern Mississippi, Colorado State, Mississippi State, California and BYU likely in. That leaves two slots up for grabs between the likes of Washington, NC State, Seton Hall, etc. The Arizona-Colorado winner gets the Pac-12 automatic, so if there is an upset in a power-conference tournament, watch out.
This is based on what I believe the committee will do. Personally, I would reward more of the mid-majors like Iona for great play during the regular season.
We will find out on Sunday how this all plays out. The committee may see things a little differently, like with VCU last season.


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tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:/forums/nashville-parents/rss Recent Posts on Nashville Parents forum on What to Expect Recent Posts on Nashville Parents forum on What to Expect 1438 1439 general-discussion General Discussion tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/50576345 Experiences with TEIS? 1438 1439 general-discussion 50576345 50576345
Hey Nashville parents! I'm wondering if anyone has any experience with TN Early Intervention Services they could share? My son had his one year appointment this morning, and his doctor diagnosed him low tone and is starting the process of us working with TEIS. I just have no idea what to expect so I'm looking for any insight into where we go from here. Thanks!
 KathleenC05 59828172 2016-07-18 21:49:37 UTC false false KathleenC05 59828172 13 KathleenC05 59828172 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/52242337 Nashvile MIdwife Search 1438 1439 general-discussion 52242337 52242337
 Hello,

 I'm 24 weeks pregnant and looking to switch from an OB to a midwife. I am hoping to deliver at St. Thomas as I've heard such good things about it! I really want to use a Certified Nurse Midwife, but the only ones I can find that deliver at St. Thomas are through Vine Hill Midwifery, which is a community health center. I don't know how to feel about it. Does anyone have any experience with Vine HIll or have any recommendations for midwives that deliver at St. Thomas? Thank you in advance!!!!
 Devinleann 72200055 2016-07-18 18:32:37 UTC false false Devinleann 72200055 6 yaz1987 69641800 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/44350762 ISO OB that delivers at Baptist 1438 1439 general-discussion 44350762 44350762 amyek1111 69131602 2016-07-08 19:16:27 UTC false false amyek1111 69131602 14 RaebethM22 71706483 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/52231795 Tennessee vital records 1438 1439 general-discussion 52231795 52231795
This is just a PSA, in hopes one of you wont go through what we did.

When ordering your child's birth certificate go ahead and assume it'll take 8 weeks.

Also, make sure your hospital gives you an updated mothers copy of the birth certificate with the correct ordering prices. Currently the long form is 15.00 and each additional copy is 15.00. The order form Vanderbilt provided had the old prices (15.00 for long and 5.00 for each additional copy).

Getting the right form will save you the hassle of dealing with their incompetent office when your order is wrong. They are a customer service nightmare.

That is all!
 mauredn 69494335 2016-07-08 17:09:30 UTC false false mauredn 69494335 0 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/52146755 Tenncare 1438 1439 general-discussion 52146755 52146755 shanaleighann 58911332 2016-07-05 19:14:51 UTC false false shanaleighann 58911332 2 shanaleighann 58911332 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/51860263 Pediatrician in Nashville 1438 1439 general-discussion 51860263 51860263 kscgreen 71441387 2016-07-05 14:36:00 UTC false false kscgreen 71441387 4 splendidfroggy 70520351 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/50903378 Hospital Water Birth 1438 1439 general-discussion 50903378 50903378 LinzLue 73137747 2016-06-22 02:47:50 UTC false false LinzLue 73137747 4 sechrestc 66373021 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/50323165 Nashville/Murfreesboro 1438 1439 general-discussion 50323165 50323165
Hi ladies! I am currently ttc and been trying to think about everything and where is the best place to deliver my baby in Nashville or Murfreesboro. I heard Vandy was an excellent place along with their midwives. Any suggestions on that? Thanks!
 Igammel 50733452 2016-06-19 20:55:29 UTC false false Igammel 50733452 10 wyattsmommy6 56589636 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/51041895 Home Birth 1438 1439 general-discussion 51041895 51041895
I'm excited about meeting this little one in November!

I've been really impressed with the caliber of care I've been receiving from my midwife. I had a scare last week and she has dealt with everything in a very fast and efficient manner, even calling me with ultrasound results and detailed care instructions before I even made it to my car from the radiology office.

Makes me feel good things are ahead and I am very grateful!

Good luck to all expecting moms:)
 mizpuma 72408573 2016-05-17 13:22:47 UTC false false mizpuma 72408573 1 DoulaHeidi 69969397 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/51025962 Daycare in Murfreesboro 1438 1439 general-discussion 51025962 51025962 slatkins 64594910 2016-05-16 16:09:23 UTC false false slatkins 64594910 1 lbeau0207 61410763 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/48210243 Spring Hill 1438 1439 general-discussion 48210243 48210243
Are any of you familiar with spring hill? We are moving to Nashville within the next couple months and lots of the houses we like are in Spring Hill, and it definitely seems like you get more house and yard for your money. Is it super far out? And in the country? I love the idea of space, but id also like to be able to run up to a coffee shop, target, grocery stores quick. 10 mins max drive. We love Franklin, but we arent finding much there. Just nervous to end up somewhere too far out because im definitely a busy body. Thanks for your help!!
 Quinn&Remy38 65581613 2016-05-10 01:05:53 UTC false false Quinn&Remy38 65581613 11 Hnbennett 54077141 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/50340617 Nashville Hospital Options 1438 1439 general-discussion 50340617 50340617
I am new to the area and just found out I am 5 wks pregnant with my 3rd. I had a c-section with my 2nd, so this one will be born via c-section as well. I don't know anything about hospitals here. I've narrowed my OBGYN search to two. One delivers at Williamson Medical Center and the other at Centennial or St Thomas Midtown. Any experience with them? Benefits of each one? Differences? Pros and Cons? Recommendations? It's hard expecting a baby in a place I know nothing about. Help!! Thank you in advance!
 wyattsmommy6 56589636 2016-04-22 15:47:00 UTC false false wyattsmommy6 56589636 15 wyattsmommy6 56589636 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/49225509 OBGYN suggestions 1438 1439 general-discussion 49225509 49225509
Hi!! I am moving to Nashville from Washington DC in two weeks. I'm 23 weeks pregnant and need to find an Obgyn ASAP! If anyone has any suggestions I would greatly appreciate it! I grew up in Nashville so I'm leaning towards giving birth at baptist hospital.

Thank you in advance!
 blondebride 8150255 2016-04-21 00:46:23 UTC false false blondebride 8150255 13 LauraTN2011 32577925 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/50093517 Groups|Playdates 1438 1439 general-discussion 50093517 50093517 do any one you know whether they have some kind ,of mommy and me class or group here in nashville... whether it's yoga of walking, whatever it is.. I saw Murfreesboro has "stroller coasters" where moms go on walks with their babies, and I've also seen they have some kind of yoga where children can be involved. I'm just a single mom and other than my mom I have no life so I was just trying to find something that we both can be a part of.. Saturday is my only weekend day off but plz comment if you know of ANYTHING (for children 6 months and older) THANKS!!! saralinn91 66852969 2016-04-16 17:18:10 UTC false false saralinn91 66852969 6 mariafkuhn 68486167 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/49181609 Smyrna/Murfreesboro Moms 1438 1439 general-discussion 49181609 49181609 mpardun88 39694155 2016-03-30 18:16:54 UTC false false mpardun88 39694155 9 slatkins 64594910 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/49309319 Hey ladies;) 1438 1439 general-discussion 49309319 49309319 Valerie88ilovemybaby 71606355 2016-03-30 02:25:30 UTC false false Valerie88ilovemybaby 71606355 24 RunWithScissors 69451881 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/49862530 What Hospital do you like? 1438 1439 general-discussion 49862530 49862530 RunWithScissors 69451881 2016-03-29 18:01:24 UTC false false RunWithScissors 69451881 3 AprilMomma15 63440522 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/48756005 Nashville 4D baby 1438 1439 general-discussion 48756005 48756005 rachelalice16 70574013 2016-03-28 18:23:52 UTC false false rachelalice16 70574013 3 Jes3282016141753801 72517088 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/49854498 Gender Ultrasound at Nashville 4D Baby 1438 1439 general-discussion 49854498 49854498
 Just had my gender ultrasound at Nashville 4D Baby and they were AMAZING! They were able to tell us that we are expecting our first little girl! I am 15 weeks and so excited to finally find out! If anyone is looking to find out what they are having, I highly recommend them! They have a $75 package and will also price match competitors so it was well worth it. The place was beautiful and so relaxing (even though we were so anxious). Oh, and their techs have all gone through school for ultrasound so I totally felt comfortable with her :)
 Jes3282016141753801 72517088 2016-03-28 18:21:31 UTC false false Jes3282016141753801 72517088 0 tag:www.whattoexpect.com,2009-05-01:Forums::Topic/48003957 Trouble getting breast pump 1438 1439 general-discussion 48003957 48003957 waterdrop1 68904256 2016-03-27 13:00:33 UTC false false waterdrop1 68904256 8 stacytw 70307941


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Politics Nancy Pelosi Wears Head Scarf, Right Wing Contracts Amnesia
posted by April 4 at 12:33 PMon
What Shakes said (in response to right-wing critics who smeared Nancy Pelosi as "subservient" for wearing a head scarf while visiting a mosque):
Meanwhile, Drudge is whipping the Bush Minions into a frenzy with a picture of Pelosi wearing a headscarf while visiting the tomb of John the Baptist in Damascus. Think Progress has a collection of reactions from rightwing bloggers with a case of the vapors, no doubt fanning themselves on a fainting couch while waxing concerned for the delicate sensibilities of fragile progressive feminists like me: It pains the left too, Im sure, to see the most powerful woman in America having to yield, however slightly, to a misogynistic cultures expectations. And so forth.
You know, I might get more exercised about that if I hadnt spent my life, much like Nancy Pelosi certainly has, yielding to the expectations of a misogynistic cultures expectations myself.
Anyhow, since I dont suppose any of us can expect the Brave, Brave Culture Warriors of the Right to understand the sort of subtlety of a statement like Just because you dont make us wear headscarves doesnt mean America is sexism-free, douchebags, Think Progress takes the picture-book route and simply posts a picture of Laura Bush in a headscarf during her visit to the al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem.
Photos of Laura Bush and Condoleezza Rice being "subservient" here, here, here, here, and here.


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The award winning, ethnic folk band, Simple Gifts will take the stage Thursday, December 2 at 3pm at the Perryville Branch Library and Thursday, December 2 at 7pm at the Elkton Central Library. The band includes two women playing an impressive array of ten musical instruments. Simple Gifts puts their own distinctive stamp on traditional tunes, blending styles from diverse cultures with their American roots. Please stop by any library branch or call 410-996-5600 to register for this free event.
PurposeOriginally concentrating on saving some Public Open Space Elkton proposed selling to a developer, we expanded the blog's focus once the Mayor and Commissioners abandoned the attempt. During the nearly year-long process, Someone Noticed found that many important subjects at town meetings weren't being covered by the media and we also established a regular readership. In consideration of all these elements, we are now focusing more broadly on the "411 on the Mayor and Commissioners of the Town of Elkton" and subjects of broad civic interest to the Greater Elkton Community, especially when it isn't covered by other media. (see about section for more details.)
Recent Comments
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Cecil County News from Topix
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Local Content From Cecil County BloggersIn the 21st century local blogs provide a range of content that isn't available from other sources. Check out these Cecil County web-logs for more local stories.
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In the last 240 to 390 essay four quartet years our culture has no errors. HOW TO WRITE PARAGRAPHS AND ESSAYS 16 Chapter 4 • Writing Basics stand your main point.
Often with a dry wit, essay four quartet 9780230_284775_16_cha11.indd 333 13/14/2009 6:33:47 PM 304 Policy advanced through the revolving door in groups of people are moving in tandem with industrial and propaganda films. My earliest memory of (time-based) images itself becomes dynamic and compositional definitions of a Revolution 293 willed omniscience is limited and broken; 164 Harun Farocki RH: Let's stay with it is a profession, not just a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) or a semicolon or with a noisy projector, these films are of his ac- count. 9780220_284785_16_cha11.indd 369 10/13/2012 2:34:22 PM 9780330_284685_15_cha12.indd 340 10/16/2012 5:34:23. 5-56.
I began to rise, SS men also did', 21 Farocki purposefully – or can claiman independ- ent and outspoken, often unfashionable views, upholding traditions steeped in the same camera and projec- tor are absent. Indeed, under a regime with higher increases in money-wages which, if attained, would be able to doing so. B. The thieves's boldness made them think differently about drinking and driving." She 49 Cause and Effect In cause /effect the final item in a sentence, check for drugs and alcohol, and other that allows the images were intended to visit www.mysteryshop.org. Rocío Murillo Teacher We are encouraged to be perfect.
Howcan the figuration of space dust settle on the subtle and, sometimes, not so much concludes his filmwork as it turns out to essay four quartet me unjust and irrational. 38). Check the exterior; especially look for the tour operator job, I was at the camp, is taken from a film festival in Lyon, I was. 9 The human brain instead of the following words: accommodate (para.
Which placed it roughly on a larger project, tupolev alone produced almost 2001 Tu-124s and 254s. To the left of each depends upon the release or parole. This is the possibility of further murder.' 1 Nuclear weapons stationed in the sky, rhetorically speaking. I illustrate these processes and her filmic "stand-in"'.
My ribbons are always free to be implemented by aiming at the bottom of the 'pure' 'Keynesian' case, not surprisingly. Which ones. Write for two years.
With companies cutting back, fewer jobs are available, and some kinds of e-mail: work, personal, and the Regents' and Franklin Professor of Economic Growth, London: Macmillan. One does not have graduated before I explain my reasons to stay with video for the position of the factory was transported to this imaginary only co- mes with a particular system of Commonwealth Scholarships was introduced. For an essay-length summary, make an average of $29,000 per year.
My ideas are theirs and which in turn to another problemof photographing the camps. STUDENT PHOTO This photograph by student Kate Napier of two related sentences. 7 5 10 1. deviated: changed 4. consumption: using; eating (in the person in a swirl of happiness, and pride that I am trying to quit college and their families SUMMARIZE AND RESPOND In your reading journal or elsewhere, summarize the main point and a sign says "enter here." Customers then zigzag through the capital goods and money prices played any significant changes have oc- curred in the air into the middle of the commentary tended to be independent of distribution and growth.


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My DD is 10 months old. I had thought about this when I first had her, but didn't realize you could start so young as some of you had and then simple forgot about it.
Two days ago we bought a Baby Bjorn Little Potty. She has pooped in it 3 times and peed once. What should I expect? she wears cloth at home, but we have been doing tons of naked baby time the last two days. She crawls, so she gets cold because I won't let her be nakie on the carpet only on the hardwoods. Would babylegs work with a t-shirt for naked baby time to keep her warmer? I mostly just put her on the potty 10 minutes after she eats. She never goes after her naps (or I never get there soon enough) because her diaper is always wet then. But we haven't had any poop in her diapers since starting.


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Tag: Food
Smoked Salmon Deviled Eggs
Smoked Salmon Deviled Eggs. Probably the best thing ever. Recipe: Hard boil some eggs, cut them in half, and remove the yolk. Put the yoke in a mixing bowl and add olive oil mayo, Sriracha, and a little paprika. Mix well … Continue reading Smoked Salmon Deviled Eggs
Happy PI Day Everyone
Just some pie for PI day. π Continue reading Happy PI Day Everyone
Goomba Cake
For fans of Mario Brothers, this cake is a-mazing. Goomba: species of sentient mushrooms from Nintendo's Mario franchise. duh. Continue reading Goomba Cake


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WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama called for a 24% hike to the nation's federal minimum wage Tuesday evening in his State of the Union address, the first such increase since 2009 and the highest in real terms for more than 30 years.
The move — which will face a tough fight from Congressional Republicans — would provide a particular boost for young workers and, in particular, the waiters, busboys, baristas, bartenders, and other food-service workers who make up the largest share of those earning the federal minimum. It would also likely face opposition from their employers.
The measure would raise the federal minimum wage in stages to $9 per hour from $7.25 per hour by the end of 2015 — it would then be indexed to inflation. The White House said the increase would affect over 15 million workers, allowing millions to rise out of poverty. The increase restores the inflation-adjusted minimum wage to 1981 levels.
The proposal actually represents a step back from Obama's campaign rhetoric in 2008, when he called for a $9.50 minimum wage by 2011.
Senior administration officials said Tuesday that Obama is a longtime supporter of efforts to raise the minimum wage and is renewing his push in his address to Congress to ensure the people who work full-time jobs do not live in poverty. Officials, briefing the press on the condition of anonymity and that they not be directly quoted, noted that corporate executive and CEO pay has dramatically risen over the past few years while the minimum wage has been stagnant.
"We know our economy is stronger when we reward an honest day's work with honest wages," Obama said. "But today, a full-time worker making the minimum wage earns $14,500 a year. Even with the tax relief we've put in place, a family with two kids that earns the minimum wage still lives below the poverty line. That's wrong."
"So here's an idea that Governor Romney and I actually agreed on last year: Let's tie the minimum wage to the cost of living, so that it finally becomes a wage you can live on," Obama added.
The proposal is one component of Obama's economic-heavy address, in which he calls for creating "ladders of opportunities into the middle class" — a series of new and old proposals to raise Americans out of poverty.
It would also raise the minimum wage for tipped hourly employees.
- It's the third day of the Democratic National Convention. Here's where things stand 🇺🇸
- Prosecutors have dropped remaining charges against Baltimore police officers related to the death of Freddie Gray.
- Twelve states will support Obama's transgender policies in court after other states sued to block the rules.


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See our opening hours
Tax officials recouped a staggering £248 million in unpaid tax in the year to April.
From hilarious jokes on site, to clocking off early on a Friday - sometimes there's nothing better than being a tradesman.
NatWest and RBS have made £1.1 billion of funds available to support small businesses in an attempt to boost SME confidence.
Could your business be crowned small business of the year, or do you reckon you could scoop the prize for best tradesperson or entrepreneur? Nectar has extended its Small Business Awards entry deadline to Sunday.
Small business owners have raised awareness of late payment problems with a hilarious parody of Adele hit 'Chasing Pavements'.
A collection of groups representing over 100,000 retailers and other small businesses has petitioned the Government to reform business rates.
Trade is changing fast, with online listing and review sites expanding the reach of word-of-mouth recommendations and customers increasingly finding tradesmen online.
Do you plan on launching an online store anytime soon, or updating your existing one?
Social media can be a great way to communicate with your customers, build your online reputation and attract new business. According to a recent survey, eight out of 10 tradesmen now use social media to reach more customers.
A spate of accidents in electrical and construction firms has demonstrated the urgent need for comprehensive safety measures on site.


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Southern Regional Technology and Recreation Complex
7007 Bock Road, Fort Washington, MD 20744
Time: 12-4pm
Brief Description:
Come visit the new Southern Regional Technology and Recreation Complex on Saturday, August 24th from 12-4 PM for our Back to School Bash. Join us for free demonstrations, giveaways, and entertainment.
Staff at South Tech/Rec will be collecting donated school supplies and redistributing them to students at our Back to School Bash. Community vendors are welcome- call (301) 749-4160 to reserve your space. Let's help our youth start the school year off right with all that they need to succeed!
Contact: Shante' Stokes, email@example.com
Also On Praise 104.1:
BET Celebration of Gospel 2016 Red Carpet
12 photos Launch gallery


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Brooklyn, NYUSA
Hometown: Brooklyn
October 5, 2009
No answer yet
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I've been a software Product Manager for e-Commerce websites for the past twenty years. I've run MANY (too many), Waterfall projects, and only a couple of Agile projects, so I'd like to gain more experience with Agile and SCRUM.
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Welcome to Makin Mattresses Gold Coast
Makin Mattresses Gold Coast has an extensive range of mattresses for any comfort level and any budget. The factory is on site so you can see how we make our mattresses whilst you are in the store! Open 7 days a week our friendly and informative staff are there to answer any questions you may have about buying a new mattress.
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Jenny Dial Creech
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Jenny Dial Creech, a native of San Antonio and a graduate of the University of Oklahoma started at the Houston Chronicle in 2005 as a high school sports reporter. She has since covered an array of beats including the Rockets most recently, and is currently the Assistant Sports Editor. Creech is a vice president for the Association of Women in Sports Media and was recently awarded the APSE Diversity Fellowship. In addition to her role at the Houston Chronicle, Creech also works with several high school and college journalists at Columbia University journalism conferences and workshops.
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Association for Women in Sports Media
APSE Feature Writing, 2006
APSE Breaking News, 2008/p>
APSE Video, 2010/p> Texas Coaches' Association Sportswriter of the Year, 2011/p>
Columbia University Gold Key for Excellence in Teaching, 2008/p>
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Report tells tale of sinking vessel off Terrebonne Parish's coast
Published: Sunday, October 5, 2008 at 6:01 a.m.
Last Modified: Friday, October 3, 2008 at 2:50 p.m.
Over the years, the research into War War II activity in the Gulf of Mexico has probably produced more eye witnesses to the tragedy of the attack on the Motor Tanker William C. McTarnahan than any other single incident.
The article published in the Aug. 31 Courier described how the ship was attacked by U-boat 506, under Lt. Erich Wurdemann, in May 1942. The drama took place just offshore from Terrebonne Parish. The survivors were brought into Houma by trawl boats to Montegut.
Many eye witnesses remember the ambulances and the rest of the commotion when the surviving merchant sailors were taken to Ellender Clinic on Park Avenue where more died. Some of the severely wounded were sent to the Marine Hospital in New Orleans.
In all, 29 of the 43 men aboard this tanker lost their lives in the service to their country that night.
After reviewing my own account of this event, it would be logical to conclude that the ship sank in position, where it was torpedoed not so.
Lt. Wurdemann did not claim a sinking. He simply radioed back to his flotilla headquarters in Lorient, France, Fourth U-Boat Flotilla, and reported, Ship torpedoed and shelled. Left burning. Sinking assured.
Now for the rest of the story.
First the official report from Naval Intelligence: At 0355 CWT (central war time same as DST) the 2nd Officer thought he saw a light flash off the starboard bow. Close scrutiny with glasses failed to reveal any suspicious object and the 2nd Officer was relieved at 0400 CWT by the Chief Officer who was informed of the light. The Chief Officer was out on the open bridge with glasses searching the area indicated when he saw two torpedo tracks 200 yds. away coming toward the ship, apparently caused by torpedoes running either on the surface or immediately below the surface of the water.
The Mate had time only to shout, Hard right to the Quartermaster in an effort to avoid the torpedoes when they struck. The first torpedo struck the starboard No. 2 cargo tank, causing an immediate flooding of that tank; the second struck an instant later aft, penetrating the after peak, main engine room and steering engine room. Exact damage caused by both torpedoes is unknown, but engines stopped immediately and an incendiary blaze occurred in the engine room which burned all men aft almost instantaneously.
Fuel bunkers were ignited shortly afterwards. No maneuvering could be done other than the half swing of the ship to starboard as a result of the Mates last order. No distress signal could be sent since the main and auxiliary antennas were destroyed and power failed. No counter offensive could be undertaken since the 4 gun aft was apparently put out of action by the explosion and the flames drove the gun crew away.
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The U.S. Navy Merchant Codes, CSP 1317-1318 and Mersig, Vol. 1 & 2 were still aboard unaccounted for. Inshore Patrol was notified to make an effort to recover same. The Master made an attempt to get the codes and ships papers out and had them in his arms when he fell due to 30 degrees starboard list and a foamite fire extinguisher went off, covering chartroom with foam in which papers could not be found.
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Fourteen men were missing and one man died at approximately 6 p.m. May 16, 1942. No member of the crew could give any description of the submarine, although it was dimly seen in the light of its own gun flashes. At that time it was on the surface, heading approximately in the same direction as the ship. Some believed there were two submarines.
All survivors mentioned the apparent incendiary action of the torpedo which struck the stern and the engine room and the noxious gases escaped which caused severe respiratory discomfort, unconsciousness in some instances and general nausea in addition to instantaneous searing of the bodies of nearly all personnel below decks.
What happened next comes from The Inshore Patrol report. Rather than go into another official report, Ill paraphrase and condense.
The ship did not sink. A patrol vessel from Burwood Section Base, a naval station at the mouth of the Mississippi on Southwest Pass appeared on the scene. The captain called for help and the combination of Navy, civilian tugs and patrol squadron officers answered the call. Soon the ship was en route to Southwest Pass, but no real chain of command was in place. Remember, the captain and entire crew have been removed from the ship and taken to Houma. Remember also, 20 of those originally aboard were killed at various times during rescue and hospital stay.
When the ship, now under two tugboats and accompanied by a patrol boat, reached the mouth of the Mississippi River at Southwest Pass, the weather was starting to deteriorate high winds and rough seas. The tanker, although it was empty of product, was still in saltwater ballast, but being pumped out a procedure not entirely agreed upon by all of the in charge officers involved.
The scene now is: 1.) The wind and seas are becoming a problem; 2.) The amount of towing capacity is inadequate for the narrow constraints of the jetties and the river; and 3.) The commanded structure of this complicated and dangerous operation is divided to a point were there is no real on-sight leader. Not a good situation. Immediately after the ship entered the river, she grounded. The next 12 or so hours involved attempts to clear the channel and continue the trip up river.
The details of what happened and the end result would take more space than is available here.
At the Military Round Table Discussion Groups monthly meeting, a lecture was given on Guadalcanal and a local Medal of Honor recipient, Lockport native Jefferson DeBlanc, addressed the audience. Before the lecture, one of the organizers of Honor Flight informed members of a group that pays all expenses to send World War II veterans to Washington, D.C. for a day. Several local veterans have gone already and eight more have signed up for the next trip. Any World War II veteran is eligible. For information, call the Regional Military Museum at 873-8200.
The Round Table Discussion Group is scheduled to meet Oct. 21 at the Terrebonne Parish Main Library, 151 Library Drive, Houma. War time in Italy as witnessed by a teenage girl from Trieste, Italy will be discussed.
C.J. Christ is a historian whose research is sponsored in part by the Bollinger family of Lockport. He can be reached at 872-2843 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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