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The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in early life has increased in recent decades, but the relevant risk factors remain largely unknown. We examined perinatal and family risk factors for NHL in childhood through young adulthood.
We conducted a national cohort study of 3571574 individuals born in Sweden in 1973–2008 who were followed for incidence of NHL through 2009 (ages 0–37 years). Detailed information on perinatal and family characteristics and NHL diagnoses were obtained from national birth and cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between perinatal and family variables and NHL; P values are from two-sided tests.
There were 936 NHL case patients identified in 66.3 million person-years of follow-up. Independent risk factors for NHL included family history of NHL in either a sibling (adjusted HR = 9.84; 95% CI = 2.46 to 39.41; P = .001) or parent (adjusted HR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.27 to 4.38; P = .007); high fetal growth (for ≥2 SDs relative to 0 to <1 SD from the mean: adjusted HR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.19 to 2.25; P = .002); older maternal age (adjusted HR for each 5-year increment = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.19; P trend = .004); low birth order (adjusted HR for each increment of one birth = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.99; P trend = .02); and male sex (adjusted HR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.38 to 1.80; P < .001). Male sex was associated with onset of NHL before 15 years of age but not with later-onset NHL, whereas the other risk factors did not vary by age at diagnosis. No association was found between gestational age at birth, twinning, paternal age, or parental education and NHL.
In this large national cohort study, family history of NHL, high fetal growth, older maternal age, low birth order, and male sex were independent risk factors for NHL in early life.
The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been increasing among children and adolescents. It was unclear whether perinatal and family characteristics contribute to the incidence of pediatric NHL.
More than 3.5 million individuals who were born from 1973 to 2008 and had complete birth records in the Swedish birth registry were followed until the end of 2009 (age 0–37 years) for incidence of NHL. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association of perinatal and family characteristics (from registry records) with risk of NHL.
Among the 936 persons who developed NHL, independent risk factors included having a history of NHL in a sibling or parent, a high fetal growth rate, an older mother, and low birth order. Male sex was associated with incidence of NHL among subjects younger than 15 years. Time of gestation, twinning, paternal age, and parental education were not associated with risk of NHL.
Genetic factors and conditions in utero may contribute to the incidence of pediatric NHL.
Information concerning a history of infection or immune disorders, smoking, and/or environmental exposures was unavailable. Statistical power was limited for determining associations with histological subtypes.
From the Editors
The worldwide incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has increased dramatically in the past 50 years (1,2). Although the overall incidence began to stabilize in the 1990s, it has continued to increase among children, adolescents, and young adults (3,4). This increase remains unexplained and does not appear to be entirely attributable to diagnostic methods (1,2,5,6). NHL has heterogeneous etiologies that may involve genetic factors (7–9), immunodeficiency disorders (10), Epstein–Barr virus and other infections (11), other environmental exposures (12,13), and perinatal factors (14,15). The increasing incidence in early life has led to a growing interest in identifying etiologic factors that may act during the perinatal period. Elucidation of perinatal risk factors may facilitate the identification of high-risk infants and potentially enable earlier detection and treatment of NHL.
Perinatal factors such as high birth weight, older maternal age, and low birth order have been hypothesized to increase the risk of NHL via growth factor pathways (16), age-related changes in DNA repair pathways (17) or gene expression (18), and the immunologic effects of delayed infectious exposures (19). Previous studies of these factors have reported discrepant results but have been limited by small sample sizes, wide variability in adjustment for confounding, and potential selection bias due to socioeconomic and other differences between case and control subjects. In addition, most studies of birth weight have not examined its specific components, gestational age at birth and fetal growth; hence, the specific contributions of these factors are still unknown.
We conducted a national cohort study of 3.5 million people born in Sweden in 1973–2008, who were followed for NHL incidence through 2009, to examine risk factors for NHL in childhood through young adulthood. Detailed information on perinatal and family characteristics and NHL diagnoses were obtained by linkage of national birth and cancer registries that are nearly 100% complete.
We identified 3595055 individuals in the Swedish Birth Registry who were born from 1973 through 2008. We excluded 8113 individuals (0.2%) who had missing information for gestational age at birth and 10029 others (0.3%) who had missing information for birth weight. To remove possible coding errors, we also excluded 5339 persons (0.1%) who had a reported birth weight more than 4 SDs above or below the mean birth weight for gestational age and sex based on a Swedish reference growth curve (20). A total of 3571574 individuals (99.3% of the original cohort) remained for inclusion in the study. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Lund University in Malmö, Sweden.
The study cohort was followed for NHL incidence from birth through December 31, 2009 (maximum attained ages ranged from 1 to 37 years). All primary NHL diagnoses (codes 200 and 202 in International Classification of Diseases, Seventh Revision [ICD-7]) were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry. This registry includes all primary incident cancers in Sweden since 1958, with compulsory reporting nationwide. Histological subtypes were classified according to Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) codes since 1993 and synonymous definitions provided by the World Health Organization before this period (21), and were categorized as diffuse B-cell subtypes, other or unspecified B-cell subtypes, and T-cell subtypes.
Perinatal and family characteristics that may be associated with NHL were identified from the Swedish Birth Registry and national census data, which were linked using an anonymous personal identification number (22). The following were included as predictors of interest and adjustment variables: sex (23); birth year (1973–1979, 1980–1984, 1985–1989, 1990–1994, 1995–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2008) (1,2); fetal growth (measured as the number of standard deviations from the mean birth weight for gestational age and sex based on a Swedish reference growth curve (20), and categorized into six groups [<−2; −2 to <−1; −1 to <0; 0 to <1; 1 to <2; ≥2 SD] to allow for a nonlinear effect) (13,24–28); gestational age at birth (based mainly on maternal report of last menstrual period in the 1970s, at which time ultrasound estimation was gradually introduced until it was used exclusively starting in the 1990s; categorized into five groups [22–27, 28–33, 34–36, 37–42, ≥43 weeks] to allow for a nonlinear effect); multiple birth status (singleton or twin) (29); birth order (1, 2, 3, 4, or ≥5) (19,30–37); maternal age at delivery (<20, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, ≥40 years; paternal age was also examined but not retained in the final model because of its collinearity with maternal age) (38); maternal and paternal education level (compulsory high school or less [≤9 years], practical or some theoretical high school [10–11 years], theoretical high school and/or some college [12–14 years], college and/or post-graduate study [≥15 years], or unknown; entered into the model separately for mothers and fathers) (39); and family history of NHL in a sibling or parent (yes or no; identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1958 through 2009, not self-reported, thus enabling complete and unbiased ascertainment during this period, and entered into the model separately for siblings and parents) (40).
Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between perinatal and family variables and NHL. Individuals were censored at death (n = 32566; 0.9%) or at emigration as determined by the absence of a Swedish residential address in census data (n = 102217; 2.9%). Analyses were at first conducted without adjustment and then adjusted for covariates in a single model in which each variable was adjusted for all the others. Robust standard errors were used to account for clustering within families (41). First-order interactions among the covariates were explored using a likelihood ratio test. The proportional hazards assumption was evaluated using the method described by Grambsch and Therneau (42). In addition, multinomial logistic regression was used to test for heterogeneity in the association between each risk factor and NHL by age at diagnosis, comparing patients diagnosed at less than 15 years of age vs those diagnosed at 15 or more years of age. All statistical tests were two-sided and used an α level of .05. All analyses were conducted using Stata statistical software, version 11.0 (43).
Among the 3571574 individuals in this cohort, 936 (0.03%) NHL case patients were identified in 66.3 million person-years of follow-up. NHL incidence rates, stratified by age and sex, are presented in Table 1; the overall incidence rate was 1.4 per 100000 person-years (1.7 for males and 1.1 for females). The mean duration of follow-up was 18.6 ± 10.4 years (median, 18.6 years), and the mean age at NHL diagnosis was 13.8 ± 10.0 years (median, 11.8 years). Compared with individuals who were never diagnosed with NHL, those with NHL were more likely to have been born early in the study period, to be male, to have parents with the lowest educational attainment, or to have a family history of NHL in a sibling or parent (Table 2).
The strongest risk factor for NHL was family history of NHL in either a sibling (adjusted HR = 9.84; 95% CI = 2.46 to 39.41; P = .001) or a parent (adjusted HR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.27 to 4.38; P = .007) (Table 3). These risk estimates were based on a small number of case patients with an affected sibling (n = 4, consisting of two sibling pairs, all male) or parent (n = 10, consisting of six case patients with an affected same-sex parent and four with an affected opposite-sex parent). There was no evidence that the association with family history depended on whether the affected family member was male or female (P for heterogeneity = .31). However, having a same-sex sibling or a same-sex parent with NHL (adjusted HR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.18 to 5.88; based on 10 case patients) was a stronger risk factor than having an opposite-sex sibling or an opposite-sex parent with NHL (adjusted HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 0.75 to 5.38; based on four case patients) (P for heterogeneity = .02).
Other statistically significant risk factors for NHL included male sex, high fetal growth, older maternal age, and low birth order. Male sex was associated with a 1.5-fold risk of NHL relative to female sex (adjusted HR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.38 to 1.80; P < .001). High fetal growth (≥2 SD above the reference birth weight for gestational age and sex, relative to 0 to <1 SD) was also associated with an increased risk of NHL (adjusted HR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.19 to 2.25; P = .002), although there was no linear trend across the full range of fetal growth levels (P trend = .12). In addition, older maternal age was associated with an increased risk of NHL (adjusted HR for each 5-year increment = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.19 [not shown in table]; P trend = .004), and birth order was inversely associated with NHL (ie, higher birth order was associated with reduced risk) (adjusted HR for each increment of one birth = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.99 [not shown in table]; P trend = .02). An ancillary analysis showed that there was no association between number of siblings (1, 2, 3, 4, ≥5) and NHL (P trend = .76; not included in the final model due to collinearity with birth order). Each of the statistically significant trends reported in Table 3 had no evidence of departure from linearity (likelihood ratio test, P > .05).
Maternal age was an important confounder of the association between low birth order and NHL: the inverse relationship between birth order and NHL was evident only after adjusting for maternal age (P trend = .02) and not in the unadjusted model (P trend = .52). All other risk estimates were only modestly affected, if at all, by adjustment for covariates. Ancillary analyses showed that the association between older maternal age and NHL remained statistically significant after further adjusting for paternal age (P trend = .005), whereas paternal age was not associated with NHL, with (P trend = .31) or without (P trend = .30) adjustment for maternal age and the other covariates.
Neither low nor high gestational age at birth was associated with NHL (Table 3). Maternal and paternal education levels also were not associated with NHL, regardless of whether only one or both of these variables were included in the model. Excluding either had no effect on other risk estimates.
We explored the effect of age at NHL diagnosis on these results. Male sex was a strong risk factor for NHL among the 554 case patients diagnosed before age 15 years (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.74 to 2.50) but was not a risk factor among the 382 case patients diagnosed at age 15 years or older (adjusted OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.33; P for heterogeneity < .001). There was no evidence of heterogeneity by age at diagnosis for the association between any other variable and NHL (P for heterogeneity > .05 for each). Specifically, the association between maternal age and NHL was similar comparing individuals diagnosed before age 15 years (adjusted OR for each 5-year increment of maternal age = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.97 to 1.17) with those diagnosed at age 15 years or older (adjusted OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.30; P for heterogeneity = .27). The association between birth order and NHL was also similar comparing these two groups (adjusted ORs for each increment of one birth = 0.94 [95% CI = 0.85 to 1.04] and 0.87 [95% CI = 0.77 to 0.99], respectively; P for heterogeneity = .39).
We found no statistically significant first-order interactions among the covariates, including between fetal growth and birth cohort (P = .49), with respect to NHL risk.
NHL subtypes were categorized as diffuse B-cell (n = 320), other or unspecified B-cell (n = 170), or T-cell (n = 114), whereas subtype data were missing for 332 case patients. Individuals with missing subtype data had a similar sex and family history distribution, and similar fetal growth, maternal age, and birth order, compared with individuals with reported subtype data (P > .05 for each, using binomial test for proportions for sex and family history, t test for fetal growth and maternal age, and Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test for birth order).
Male sex was associated with each of these subtype categories (Table 3). Family history of NHL in a sibling was associated with diffuse B-cell subtypes (adjusted HR = 13.62; 95% CI = 1.92 to 96.77; P = .009) but was not estimable for other subtypes because there were no affected siblings. Older maternal age was associated with an increased risk of diffuse B-cell subtypes (P trend = .02) and a borderline increased risk of T-cell subtypes (P trend = .05).
We also found birth cohort effects, with a decreasing risk of diffuse B-cell subtype and an increasing risk of other B-cell and T-cell subtypes in more recent birth years (P trend < .001 for each). We assessed the possibility that the apparent subtype-specific birth cohort effects were due to more complete reporting by performing two sensitivity analyses. In the first analysis, case patients with missing subtype in each birth cohort were randomly assigned a subtype according to previously reported approximate frequencies (50% diffuse B-cell, 40% other B-cell, 10% T-cell) (44,45). In the second analysis, case patients with missing subtype were randomly assigned a subtype according to the distribution of known subtypes that were observed in these data for the same birth cohort, age, and sex. In both of these sensitivity analyses, the birth cohort effect for each subtype persisted and remained highly statistically significant (P trend < .01 for each), suggesting that this was unlikely to be due to temporal changes in reporting.
In this large national cohort study, we identified several perinatal and family risk factors for NHL in early life. The strongest risk factor was family history of NHL, particularly in a sibling. High fetal growth was also associated with NHL, independent of gestational age and other perinatal factors, and this was consistent with a possible threshold rather than linear effect. In addition, older maternal (but not paternal) age, low birth order, and male sex were independent risk factors for NHL. Male sex was associated with NHL onset before 15 years of age but not later-onset, whereas the other risk factors did not vary by age at diagnosis.
These findings suggest several heterogeneous mechanisms. First, the associations between family history and risk of NHL were based on a small number of case patients with affected family members and therefore should be interpreted with caution. However, they are generally consistent with earlier findings and may reflect both genetic and shared environmental factors. There is increasing evidence for a role of genetic polymorphisms in NHL carcinogenesis (7–9), although the heritability of NHL in the Swedish population has been estimated to be only 10% (46). The ninefold risk we observed among individuals with a family history of NHL in a sibling was stronger than the approximately twofold risk reported in previous studies (40). The strength of this association relative to that for a parental history of NHL, as well as the stronger association we found with a same-sex compared with opposite-sex family history, are suggestive of important shared environmental factors that have yet to be identified. Increased sex concordance of sibling pairs has been reported for other diseases associated with immunologic dysfunction, including multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, Behcet disease, Hodgkin lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (47,48). Pooled studies with larger samples of NHL-affected sibling pairs would be useful to further elucidate potential gene–environment interactions.
The association we found between high fetal growth and NHL is in contrast to most findings for birth weight based mainly on case–control studies. A recent meta-analysis of five case–control studies (2660 case and 69274 control subjects, aged <18 years) and two cohort studies (278751 children, aged <9 years) reported no overall association between high or low birth weight and NHL (49). However, unlike this study, those studies were limited to children and/or adolescents, and most did not account for gestational age at birth. Another smaller cohort study in Australia reported that a high proportion of optimal birth length was associated with an increased risk of NHL in girls but not boys younger than 15 years of age (15). The mechanism by which high fetal growth may affect the risk of NHL is not well established, but one hypothesis involves growth factor pathways, specifically insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is associated with fetal growth and has been shown to inhibit apoptosis and enhance tumor growth (16).
The association we found between older maternal age and increased risk of NHL is consistent with a statistically nonsignificant trend reported in a US pooled case–control study (38), but in contrast to smaller Swedish (50) and Californian (51) cohort studies. We found that older maternal age was associated with NHL even after adjusting for paternal age, whereas paternal age was not associated with NHL with or without adjustment for maternal age and other covariates. These relationships warrant further confirmation in other large cohort studies. Possible mechanisms may involve impaired DNA repair pathways in oocytes of older mothers (17), age-related decreases in oocyte gene expression (18), or transgenerational inheritance of epimutations in oocyte genes (38). Age-related germline mutations are also possible but are more likely to be a paternal rather than maternal effect (because of more cell divisions in sperm during gametogenesis) (52), and therefore are not strongly supported by these findings.
We also found that the risk of NHL was inversely related to birth order, after adjusting for maternal age. This was consistent with earlier findings from a UK case–control study (37) and with a statistically nonsignificant inverse trend in a US pooled case–control study (53), but in contrast to other smaller studies that found an opposite trend (30,34) or no association (19,35,36). One study indicated that some of the opposite (positive) trends previously reported between birth order and NHL may be spurious because of selection bias and confounding by socioeconomic status (54). This study also suggests that maternal age is an important confounder that should be accounted for in future analyses. The inverse association we found between birth order and NHL is consistent with the "delayed exposure hypothesis," which postulates that delayed exposure to Epstein–Barr virus and other infectious agents (which may result from the absence of older siblings) impairs the normal maturation of the immune system from a T helper cell type 2 (Th2) to a T helper cell type 1 (Th1) preponderance. This in turn leads to an altered immune response, which may predispose to the development of NHL (19).
NHL incidence rates (per 100000 person-years) during childhood (age <15 years) in this cohort (1.7 for males and 0.8 for females) were higher than those reported in the United States during 1998–2002 (1.2 for white males and 0.6 for white females) (2) or England during 1954–1998 (0.6 for males and 0.3 for females) (55) and were similar to various others previously reported in Asia, Africa, and South America (56,57). To our knowledge, the decreasing risk of diffuse B-cell subtypes that we found during this study period (1973–2009) has not been previously reported, whereas the increasing risk of other B-cell and T-cell subtypes is generally consistent with trends reported for Europe during 1985–1992 (44) and the United States during 1975–1995 (45). These trends are still not well explained and warrant further investigation for important unmeasured environmental exposures.
The most important strengths of this study were its national cohort design and large sample size, enabling more robust and generalizable inferences. Linkage of birth and cancer registries provided detailed information on perinatal factors and NHL incidence that was nearly 100% complete. A cohort design prevented selection bias that may potentially occur in case–control studies, and the use of registry-based data prevented bias that may result from self-reporting. We were able to examine the specific contributions of fetal growth and gestational age at birth. In addition, family history of NHL was based on registry data with virtually complete ascertainment rather than self-report, thus improving the reliability of those risk estimates.
Study limitations included the unavailability of information on infection history, immune-related disorders, smoking, and other environmental exposures; hence, we were unable to examine the potentially important effects of these factors. Although statistical power was greater than in most previous studies, it was still limited for detecting associations with specific histological subtypes. Subtype data were also missing for some individuals, although there was no evidence that this occurred differentially with respect to perinatal factors or family history.
In summary, in this large national cohort study, family history of NHL, high fetal growth, older maternal age, low birth order, and male sex were identified as independent risk factors for NHL in early life. These findings suggest several heterogeneous mechanisms including possible growth factor pathways in utero, immunologic effects of delayed infectious exposures, as well as other unmeasured environmental and genetic factors. Further elucidation of these risk factors may facilitate the identification of high-risk individuals at young ages and potentially enable earlier detection and treatment.
This study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1R01HD052848-01), the Swedish Research Council (2008-3110 and 2008-2638), the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (2006-0386, 2007-1754, and 2007-1962), and ALF project grant (Lund, Sweden).
The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the article. There were no conflicts of interest for any authors.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Lorri Brown Named Regional Operations Director for NHS
Friday April 4th, 2014 - 9:40AM
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FARGO, ND—National Hospitality Services (NHS), a hotel management company, has appointed Lorri Brown as Regional Operations Director. In her new role, Brown will oversee the daily operations for NHS's 15 hotels across the country.
Prior to joining NHS, Brown was a Quality Consultant for Intercontinental Hotels Group (IHG). Throughout her career with IHG, Brown was consistently referred to as a top IHG performer, earning the 2014 IHG Quality Consultant of the Year and the 2013 IHG Quality Consultant Trainer of the Year.
Brown will report to Larry LaMont, VP of Operations for NHS. LaMont stated, "NHS is excited to have Lorri Brown as part of our team. She brings a wealth of experience and knowledge to her regional director position."
Tags: Lorri Brown • NHS • Hospitality • Personnel •
Well, it's halfway through 2016, and not much has changed since the beginning of the year. Despite the terrorism acts in Orlando, FL and Turkey, and the Brexit referendum, little has happened to affect the travel industry. Overall, things might have slowed a bit, but a majority of the fundamentals are holding steady, including occupancy, ADR and RevPAR. I've been asked why this cycle has lasted longer than those preceding it. As far as I am concerned, it's due to a single phrase: Never Again.
Rockbridge Acquires Hilton Garden Inn in Nashville, TN
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Michele Caniato Joins sbe as Chief Brand Officer
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Merchants Hospitality to Operate The Out Hotel
Lightstone Breaks Ground on NYC Moxy
HVMG Acquires Two Hotels in Winston-Salem, NC
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Definition of apprise in English:
verb[with object]
Inform or tell (someone): I thought it right to apprise Chris of what had happened
More example sentences
- Likewise, readers are also apprised of how ambiguous a clue to morality deception may be.
- It would also be nice if these hidden costs were less hidden - if the artist were apprised of what was going on in his or her name and had to sign off before incurring substantial debt.
- There is another reason for continuing to drive cars for personal travel even if we are fully apprised of all the immediate and more remote costs.
inform, notify, tell, let know, advise, brief, intimate, make aware of, send word to, update, keep posted, keep up to date, keep up to speed, enlighten
informal clue in, fill in, put wise, tip off, put in the picture
The verb apprise is frequently confused with appraise. See appraise (usage).
Late 17th century: from French appris, apprise, past participle of apprendre 'learn, teach', from Latin apprehendere (see apprehend).
Words that rhyme with appriseadvise, apprize, arise, assize, capsize, chastise, comprise, demise, despise, devise, downsize, excise, flies, guise, incise, low-rise, misprize, outsize, previse, prise, prize, remise, revise, rise, size, surmise, surprise, uprise, wise
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: ap|prise
Definition of apprise in:
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= trending


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Best Anime Heroesafex
The Top TenXW
Goku isn't the best hero because he's the most powerful. He's not the best hero because he's fought some of the best villains. He's not the best hero because he lives in an awesome world. He's not the best hero because he can save the world from anything. No, Goku is the best anime hero because of the person he is. The ideals he shows, the personality he exemplifies. He's not perfect. He's always gone, is kind of a bad father, and is a pretty big idiot. But I'm glad for it; if he were perfect, then he wouldn't be realistic. He wouldn't be fun to watch. As it is, he's been beaten before, and completely overwhelmed by opponents, but that's not the point he makes. The point is that he doesn't give up. He works hard to make it to his goals, to break his limits, allowing him to become more than was required. He never took the easy way out with accomplishing this, though; he always worked, always trained, always did the most he possibly could to reach the heights he needed to reach. He is ...more
Okay. It's pretty obvious that Goku is at the top. To be honest, this order of heroes is perfect because Goku, Naruto, Ichigo, and Luffy honestly make the best ' heroes team the world could ask for. Plus, Goku is the stronger one and more powerful, followed by Ichigo, Naruto, and I do not know where Luffy's place would really be because I haven't seen ALL of one piece but he definitely belongs in the top 4. But Goku doesn't even need to be involved because once he is, leave it to him by himself to handle any situation no matter how bad it is. He has the others to fight alongside him if needed. Go J-stars victory Vs heroes!
Not even Madaras cheap shringan can hurt 1 cell on goku. He would have no idea how to bind goku in an illusion because basically, ninja stars can't pierce him, fire can't burn him, chains can't hold him, not even an entire planet can crush him.
No matter what technique naruto or madara has, you just can't escape an entire planet being destroyed by goku. Even if they managed to teleport...where to?
I gladly say that Goku should stay no1 as everyone likes him the strength the agility the personality everything so I always vote for GokuV28 Comments
It's both amazing and inspiring how he never gives up, no matter how many times he's knocked down. But that's not all there is to him. He understands the pain of loneliness and helplessness. Even if he hates his enemy for killing someone dear and trying to destroy his home, Naruto overcomes that hatred, he tries to understand his enemy's pain. He fights to protect his friends while at the same time, he tries to save his enemies that are in pain. This anime is much different than Dragon Ball. It shows the pain people go through, including the enemy's pain. It actually inspires to overcome the feelings of hatred and sadness. It makes people want to change themselves, to stop running from our problems and from ourselves. It makes people want to become stronger and stop running from everything around us. It makes us want to stop crying and move forward. I myself am trying to become a stronger person and there's no one I rather be like, than Naruto.
He is awesome and he is the kind of guy who stands up for what he believes in and he would do anything to protect his friends even die for the dearest ones and he never gives up that is why he is a rolemodel for many people!
I think that Naruto and Naruto Shippuden are the best anime in the world because they have got the most interesting storyline awesome powers and it explains everything. It's also funny and Naruto has the strongest fighting spirit and the guts never to give up no matter what. In my opinion nothing can surpass this anime
Well at the end the 'never give up' attitude wins over everythingV19 Comments
In terms of Heroes, it is impossible to decide, because ALL of them share so much care and courage, etc etc. But by the end of the day, my cents go to Luffy. One Piece isn't popular here in the US, so they haven't witnessed all of his capabilities. I'm not talking about strength or power capabilities, but about his knack to defy logic and survive in order to reach his goals.
Those who talk abt ichigo probably don't know luffy... The greatest anime hero ever.. He dosen't have the power to save the world with a spirit bomb like goku... But has the power to save those who love n cares for him.. Most versatile hero in anime... Love you luffy! Great emotions... Knows when to get serious.. Luffy-kum you rock... Thank you oda for creating an awesome character
Luffy is the best because he is the character I would most like to emulate, above all the other hero characters.
Luffy only relies on his powers not on his friendsV10 Comments
Ichigo is easily the best because despite his powers, he's normal. Unlike all the others on this list of top ten, he came from a normal background. He was dragged into a whole other world and is torn between them as he continues to fight for his friends and family. At the end of the day, his powers don't set him as the best; it's his personality. His will to continue fighting even for a war that wasn't his despite his heritage, but that didn't come till later. So at the end of the day; even without knowledge of what he really is; he still thought thinking he was human. Everyone else on this list was born into things were such powers was a natural occurrence. Ichigo was always strong but did show an emotional side; one that is arguably deeper since he started as just an ordinary teenager getting dragged into a war that most people would crumble under.
Ichigo kurosaki I think should be number 2 or 3 because not only will he kick your butt, but he has a warm and kind heart, and he will literally do anything to protect his family and friends
Ichigo is a utter bad ass and the only friend/ family who has died near him is his mother because she was protecting his as a child and also he has got bad ass forms of shiki and banki as well as his final attack form, anyone who hates ichigo hates anime
Ichigo has to be one of my favorites due to how protective he is over all of those he cares for.V6 Comments
L is the smartest character out there. He's an interesting character, and he never fails to predict Kira's behavior.
Random criminals around the world are having heart attacks and this guy gets put on the job and figures out that it is a student with relations to the police department in Japan who is trying to become a god. This guy has to be one of the most totally unique and seperate anime heroes in this list as he doesn't work out immensely, has almost no friends and doesn't need to scream when facing his enemy. Hats off to a one of a kind hero
I like death note! The characters and the story!
i love them so much!
Who doesn't love L? He's awesome, super smart and hella hot. Well to me anyways. L can also kick some serious assV5 Comments
The greatest character in the naruto series
Yes he saved the village from a shinobi but killing his family well that stoped the 4 shinobi war but he did not have to join a terrorist group and kill lots of people
Shouldn't he be first? Guys just watch the anime and find what true heroism is! - archiesweirdmysteries
He lived his whole life to save his village even after joining akatsuki he is a real heroV3 Comments
Ed is a genius when it comes to alchemy and is one of the best, strongest hand-to-hand fighters there is. But there's more to our young hero than that. Ed has a dark past and has made some mistakes in his lifetime, but he is willing to do anything to move forward and fix what he can, protect the people he cares about, and save the whole country. Though hardened in his youth because of the hardships he faced (and faces throughout the series), he retains his morality and a certain idealism that allows him to persevere.
Ed has the caring side of the typical protagonist, but also a side that shows he isn't quite what you would expect. He is smart but tends to overlook some things on his quest. He has my vote because he has a more three dimensional personality that makes him seem more human than the typical hero
I think I can safely say that Ed is the best hero anime-wise. He represents the older siblings who care for their young ones.V3 Comments
He is a dragon slayer and he will slay the rest of them except Goku deserves top 3
The best he wont give up even if he already lost cause you know he beat a god slayer for christ sake the mans a dragon slayer
All other of my favorite are at top only this was bottom that's why I vote natsu so awesome... I am all fired up seeing this list
He's super protective of his friends and guild and hot like his fire. Also...FIRE DRAGON ROAR! Need I say more?V9 Comments
Ash is my favourite characters in anime series. He care his friends and pokemons and he is newer scare for any challenge. And one day he is become a pokemon master.
Ash Ketchum is the best shine hero of all time he cares for his friends and Pokemon. Plus he and his Pokemon have a bond beyond made evolution. Also he has saved the world more times than anyone including Goku and Naruto
Ash Ketchum is the best anime hero of all time he cares for his friends and Pokemon. Plus he and his Pokemon have a bond beyond made evolution. Also he has saved the world more times than anyone including Goku and Naruto.
Not he abuse animalV6 Comments
Ultimate beast and yet incredibly loyal and kindV3 Comments
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Lelouch is an incredible anime character who has probably sacrificed the most out of all the anime characters out there. Everything went according to his plan in the end. He succeeded in uniting the whole world and sacrificed people's opinion of him, his family name and even his life to make the world a better place and nobody will ever know!
Would I call him a hero? Not necessarily, but Lelouch is easily one of the most interesting and well-developed characters in fictional history. You can't beat that.
He is amazing, his talents are unmatched.V1 Comment
Gingka is the top blader his bravery is amazing. He help friends and his bey connected his heart. Gingka Hagane is the HERO.
Gingka is awesome. Not as good as Takao/Tyson (from the Original series) but still cool. He is strong, noble, understanding and he never gives up.V1 Comment
He should be higher on this list...
Why isn't he higher on the list?! Sebastian is perfect!
He is HOT, and very manly. And Devilish...
His story made have tears in my eyes.I loved his passion to find his Father-Ging the most.V2 Comments
Spike is definitely top 5, he's so cool and laid back but such a badass
He always put the truth first than himself. Lovely sacrifice
Unlike other heroes this guy isn't just brawn. In fact he is most probably the smartest anime character ever. The way he manipulates everyone is just amazing. Has to be the 1st on the list.
Light is my favorite. But he is not supposed to be on this list. He can be considered dark hero or more likely a villain in later stages.
Who put him on this list, he is a villain not a hero.V1 Comment
Kenshin is cheerful and happy with a dark past but he still manages to keep living with a happy personality. He's not afraid to fight and die for whom he wants to protect. Best anime ever if a little long.
Goku number one really. Despite the fact Goku hates to kill, that all changes when he becomes super saiyan. Kenshin has promised to never kill anyone and he manages to keep that promis throughout the whole series while defeating every enemy.
Kenshin should be number one. He used to be an assasin who hs killed many people but now he protects the innocent using a sword. He maintains a happy and peaceful attitude despite his past.
Just watch the series, then you'll understand.V1 Comment
Related ListsTop 10 Anime/Manga Anti-Heroes Top Anime Dark Heroes Greatest Anime of All Time Top Ten Anime Couples Top Ten Anime Characters
List StatsUpdated 23 Jul 2016
60 listings
5 years, 247 days old
Top Remixes (6)
2. Ichigo - Bleach
3. Naruto - Naruto
2. Gohan - Dragon Ball Z
3. L - Death Note
2. Ichigo - Bleach
3. Edward Elric - Fullmetal Alchemist
View All 6


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The Facilitator's Fieldbook, 3rdEdby Thomas Justice David W. Jamieson
"Getting teams and groups to function productively is a challenge. For years "The Facilitator's Fieldbook" has been giving group leaders what they need to make everything run more smoothly. Now fully updated, the Second Edition is truly jam-packed with step-by-step procedures, checklists and guidelines, samples and templates, and more. Perfect for rookies and seasoned facilitators alike, the book covers key areas including: establishing ground rules for groups; planning meetings and agendas; brainstorming; making decisions; conflict resolution; making the most of electronic meetings; using groups to drive change; helping groups hit sales targets; and much more. For managers, trainers, and group leaders in any industry, "The Facilitator's Fieldbook" is a practical, powerful book that will keep teams and groups humming along and getting results."
Facilities Manager's Desk Referenceby Jane M. Wiggins
An invaluable source of highly relevant, practical information on the all the principal FM services, written for the practicing facilities manager in an easily readable, concise format.To help the facilities manager meet the needs of their organisation, the Facilities Manager's Desk Reference provides the facilities manager with an invaluable source of highly relevant, practical information on the all the principal FM services, as well as information on legal compliance issues, the development of strategic policies and tactical best practice information. Fully updated over the first edition, and presented in an easily readable, concise format with a clear practitioner perspective, the book covers both hard and soft facilities management issues. It will be a first point of reference for all busy facilities managers, saving them time by providing access to the information needed to ensure the safe, effective and efficient running of any facilities function. Fully updated over the 1st edition, it contains all the essential data covering the principal FM servicesHighly practical, aimed at the busy FM practitionerSaves time by bringing together essential, useful and practical informationBenefits students whose courses do not prepare them for the practicalities of professional practice
The Facility Management Handbookby Richard Payant Kathy O. Roper
Facility management is a multidisciplinary function requiring a deep knowledge of the entire business and physical planning cycle, including the buildings, infrastructure, and people. Technology systems, disaster recovery planning, zoning compliance, furnishings, recycling programs, grounds maintenance--it all falls under the facility management umbrella. The sheer scope of duties requires a far-reaching reference for staying abreast of the latest innovations and best practices. The Facility Management Handbook is that one essential book. Insightful overviews, case studies, and practical guidelines pave the way for successful planning, budgeting, real estate transactions, construction, emergency preparedness, security, operations, maintenance, and more. This thoroughly revised fourth edition examines cutting-edge technologies and includes new information on Building Information Modeling (BIM), contracting and project management methods, FASB and IASB requirements, distributed working, and sustainability reporting. Balancing an in-depth look at the fundamentals with a view toward what the future holds, the book is essential reading for every facility management professional.
Facing a Challengeby Wright Group/McGraw-Hill
NIMAC-sourced textbook
Facing Autism: Giving Parents Reasons for Hope and Guidance for Helpby Lynn M. Hamilton
Don't Let Autism Have the Last Word in Your Child's Life. Perhaps one of the most devastating things you can learn as a parent is that your child has been diagnosed with autism. A multifaceted disorder, autism has long baffled parents and professionals alike. At one time, doctors gave parents virtually no hope for combating the disorder. But in recent years, new treatments and therapies have demonstrated that improvement is possible. With intensive, early intervention, some children have recovered from autism and have been integrated into school, indistinguishable from their peers. Discover ten things you can do to begin battling your child's autism right now. See why Applied Behavior Analysis has become parents' treatment of choice, and examine its impressive results. Get information on cutting-edge biomedical treatments such as secretin and immunotherapy. Learn how dietary intervention can positively impact your child's behavior. Find out what additional therapies can offer - including sensory and auditory integration. Explore loving ways to keep your family together when your world is torn apart. Children with autismdohave the possibility to improve greatly, and some even overcome the effects of autism, if appropriate therapies are begun early enough. Discover the steps you can take today to begin the fight for your child's future inFacing Autism.
Facing Climate Change: An Integrated Path to the Futureby Jeffrey T. Kiehl
Jeffrey T. Kiehl is a senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and a fellow of the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society. He is a recipient of the AGU Climate Communication Prize. He is also a senior Jungian analyst with the C. G. Jung Institute of Colorado, the Inter-Regional Society of Jungian Analysts, and the International Association for Analytical Psychology.
Facing Competition: Can You Play by the Rules and Stay in the Game?by Tish Davidson
Children's book on competing, its good and bad aspects.
Facing Down Empty Nest Syndromeby Cynthia Macgregor
"Remember when you initially learned you were pregnant with your firstborn (or possibly your only child)? Even then your life began to change. Before your child made his or her debut into the world, your life already began to be altered--maybe even radically altered. . . . For the next eighteen years, at minimum, a good chunk of your life was centered around your child. . . . For those eighteen or more years, you devoted a lot of your life--not just your time but your energies, your concerns, your thoughts, and your activities--to that child or those children. . . . And now they're gone, or close to moving out, and your life has a big void in it, a hole that you're not sure how to fill." In her book Facing Down Empty Nest Syndrome, Cynthia MacGregor helps all parents begin to cope with their children moving out and on with their lives. She gives practical advice on what to do before, during, and after children leave the home. She gives tips on how to stay connected without being overbearing as well as what to do with all of the extra time without kids at home.
Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early Americaby Daniel K. Richter
In the beginning, North America was Indian country. But only in the beginning. After the opening act of the great national drama, Native Americans yielded to the westward rush of European settlers. Or so the story usually goes. Yet, for three centuries after Columbus, Native people controlled most of eastern North America and profoundly shaped its destiny. In Facing East from Indian Country, Daniel K. Richter keeps Native people center-stage throughout the story of the origins of the United States. Viewed from Indian country, the sixteenth century was an era in which Native people discovered Europeans and struggled to make sense of a new world. Well into the seventeenth century, the most profound challenges to Indian life came less from the arrival of a relative handful of European colonists than from the biological, economic, and environmental forces the newcomers unleashed. Drawing upon their own traditions, Indian communities reinvented themselves and carved out a place in a world dominated by transatlantic European empires. In 1776, however, when some of Britain's colonists rebelled against that imperial world, they overturned the system that had made Euro-American and Native coexistence possible. Eastern North America only ceased to be an Indian country because the revolutionaries denied the continent's first peoples a place in the nation they were creating. In rediscovering early America as Indian country, Richter employs the historian's craft to challenge cherished assumptions about times and places we thought we knew well, revealing Native American experiences at the core of the nation's birth and identity.
Facing Evilby John Kekes
John Kekes demonstrates that the prevalence of evil presents a fundamental problem for our secular sensibility and develops the theory of character-morality as a response. He believes that the main sources of evil are produced by our character defects and through unchosen ations and that we can increase our control over the evil we cause.
Facing Fearby Gennita Low
In this sizzling romantic suspense, the popular author of Into Danger brings together a woman with no past with a man who has given up on his future. Rick Harden, CIA's Task Force Operations Chief, made a mistake ten years ago and his wife paid the ultimate price. He is content to be out of field work and instead play the bureaucrat...until his superior is arrested for treason, and a woman resembling his dead wife arrives on the scene. Nikki Taylor is a woman with no past, having lost part of her memory in a field operation gone wrong. But her superiors promised they would help her find her past, if she would do them one more job -- find out if Rick Harden is in league with the traitor. Knowing she resembles Rick's late wife, Nikki embarks on a dangerous game of seduction that will be more than either of them bargained for.
Facing History and Ourselves: Holocaust and Human Behaviorby Margot Stern Strom
Facing History and Ourselves is devoted to teaching about the dangers of indifference and the values of civility by helping schools confront the complexities of history in ways that promote critical and creative thinking about the challenges we face and the opportunities we have for positive change.
Facing Human Capital Challenges of the 21st Century: Education and Labor Market Initiatives in Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates: Executive Summaryby Lynn A. Karoly Louay Constant Charles A. Goldman Gabriella C. Gonzalez Hanine Salem
Summarizes the education and labor market initiatives implemented or under way in four countries in the Arab region--Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates--to address the human resource issues they each face as they prepare their countries for a place in the 21st century global economy. Together, these countries highlight the variety of challenges faced by countries in the region and responses to those challenges.
Facing Illness, Finding Peaceby Nancy Groves
Facing Illness, Finding Peace helps those living with chronic or serious illness to find peace through faith. Groves presents a realistic look at daily struggles and emotions, balanced by a sense of hope to be found through prayer and honest discussion. Facing Illness, Finding Peace helps the reader to find their own path toward peace, acting as a guide through the darkness of serious illness.
Facing It: AIDS Diaries and the Death of the Authorby Ross Chambers
For a generation or more, literary theorists have used the metaphor of "the death of the author" in considering the observation that to write is to abdicate control over the meanings one's text is capable of generating. But in the case of AIDS diaries, the metaphor can be literal. Facing Itexamines the genre not in classificatory terms but pragmatically, as the site of a social interaction. Through a detailed study of three such diaries, originating respectively in France, the United States, and Australia, Ross Chambers demonstrates that issues concerning the politics of AIDS writing and the ethics of reading are linked by a common concern with the problematics of survivorhood. Two of the diaries chosen for special attention in this light are video diaries:La Pudeur ou l'impudeurby Herv Guibert (author ofTo the Friend Who Did Not Save My Life), andSilverlake Life, by the American videomaker Tom Joslin (aided by his lover and friends, notably Peter Friedman). The third is a defiant but anxious text,Unbecoming, by an American anthropologist, Eric Michaels, who died in Brisbane, Australia, in 1988. Other authors more briefly examined include Pascal de Duve, Bertrand Duqu nelle, Alain Emmanuel Dreuilhe, David Wojnarowicz, Gary Fisher, and the filmmaker (not a diarist) Laurie Lynd. Finally, Facing It takes on the issue of its own relevance, asking what contributions literary criticism can make in the midst of an epidemic. "Groundbreaking in its approach and potentially wide in its appeal. . . . The rigor of the ideas, their dramatic nature, and the political drive of the rhetoric all should win Facing It a large readership that could extend far beyond students of narrative or queer theory. " --David Bergman, Towson University, editor ofCamp Grounds: Style and Homosexuality Ross Chambers is Distinguished University Professor of French and Comparative Literature, University of Michigan, and author ofRoom for Maneuver: Reading (the) Oppositional (in) NarrativeandStory and Situation: Narrative Seduction and the Power of Fiction.
Facing The Lion: Memoirs of a Young Girl in Nazi Europeby Simone Arnold Liebster
Facing the Lion is the autobiographical account of a young girl's faith and courage. In the years immediately preceding World War II, Simone Arnold is a young girl who delights in life--her doting parents, her loving aunts and uncles, and her grandparents at their mountain farm in the Alsace-Lorraine region of France. As Simone grows into her preteen years, her parents turn from the Catholic Church and become devout Jehovah's Witnesses. Simone, too, embraces the faith. The Nazi party (the "Lion") takes over Alsace-Lorraine, and Simone's schools become Nazi propaganda machines. Simone refuses to accept the Nazi party as being above God. Her simple acts of defiance lead her to be persecuted by the school staff and local officials, and ignored by friends. With her father already taken away to a German concentration camp, Simone is wrested away from her mother and sent to a reform school to be "reeducated." There, Simone learns that her mother has also been put in a camp. Simone remains in the harsh reform school until the end of the war. She emerges feeling detached from life, but the faith that sustains her through her ordeals helps her rebuild her world. Facing the Lion provides an interesting and detailed view of ordinary country and town life in the pre-war years and during Hitler's regime. This inspiring story of a young girl standing up for her beliefs in the face of society's overwhelming pressure to conform is a potent reminder of the power of remaining true to one's beliefs. "...a shining example for the power of the spirit to triumph over evil....an eloquent firsthand account of a little girl's struggle to keep her faith in a world which had gone mad." --Ernst Rodin, author, War & Mayhem: Reflections of a Viennese Physician
Facing Loneliness The Starting Point of a New Journeyby J. Oswald Sanders
Facing Loneliness is an attempt to provide answers to the problem of loneliness and challenges you to take specific steps to overcome its unpleasant effects. Sanders shows how to identify the symptoms and causes of loneliness, and how to deal with the underlying issue - the lack of intimacy. Specific references to old and new testament scriptures are made, though in general the advice is useful for those of any background.
Facing Michael Jordanby Sean Deveney Kent Mcdill
Relive the magic of the greatest player to ever step on the court."Air Jordan," "His Airness," "MJ."Whatever you call him, Michael Jeffrey Jordan can be considered one of the greatest basketball players of all-time. During his career, Jordan won six NBA championships and was a 14-time All-Star, five-time NBA MVP, and six-time NBA Finals MVP. To say Jordan was dominant during his career would be a severe understatement.Now for the first time ever, hear stories from opponents, teammates, and coaches about what it was like to go against MJ in Facing Michael Jordan. You will hear stories from such All-Stars as:Charles BarkleyDennis RodmanRobert ParishTerry PorterAnd many more!From the moment Jordan stepped onto the court, he dominated the game of basketball. No matter who comes around today or tomorrow, Jordan's name and the number 23 will resonate with basketball fans for all eternity.
Facing The Musicby Margaret Willey
Through her love of music and membership in her brother's band, sixteen-year-old Lisa learns to deal with her feelings of abandonment following her mother's death.
Facing Natureby John Updike
John Updike's fifth collection of poetry faces nature on a number of levels. An opening section of sonnets touches upon death, aging, and, in a sequence of describing a week in Spain, insomnia and dread. The poems that follow consider nature in the form of seasons, of planting trees and being buried, of shadow and rain, of pain and accumulation, and of such human diversions as art and travel. The last poem here, and the longest in the book, undertakes a walking tour of each of Jupiter's four major moons, a scientific excursion that leads into the extravagant precisions of the "Seven Odes to Seven Natural Processes," a lyrical yet literal-minded celebration of some of the earthly forces that uphold and surround us. Finally, a dozen examples of light verse toy with such natural phenomena as presbyopia, the energy crunch, food, and sex. Like the best of the metaphysical poets, Mr. Updike embraces the world in all its forms and creates conceits out of the casual as well as the moments.
Facing Ted Williamsby Dave Heller
"The Splendid Splinter," "Teddy Ballgame," "The Kid"--no matter the nickname, Ted Williams was one of the most accomplished hitters in baseball history. He was the last man to hit . 400 in a single season, a nineteen-time All-Star, a two-time MVP and Triple Crown award winner, and an inductee into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1966 . . . all while serving his country in World War II and the Korean War. Far from a conventional biography, Facing Ted Williams aims to offer a different perspective with testimonials from teammates and opponents alike on how Williams was regarded among his peers. See Ted Williams through the eyes of pitchers struggling to put a fastball past his bat, the infielders and outfielders adjusting their positions in the hopes that they can fill the hole where a frozen rope might land, and the catchers as they strategize a Williams at-bat, pitch-by-pitch. Facing Ted Williams provides riveting insights from many baseball legends, including: Bob Feller Mudcat Grant Bobby Richardson Don Larsen Bob Friend And many more! Whether you're a Red Sox fanatic, a casual baseball fan, or perhaps just an admirer of the fabled war hero and slugger, this book is sure to be a fresh and compelling look at this classic baseball icon. Much like Williams himself, Facing Ted Williams is sure to be a home run for all walks of baseball fandom, so don't swing and miss!
Facing the Death Penalty: Essays on a Cruel and Unusual Punishmentby Michael L. Radelet
Essays generally opposed to the practice.
Facing the Fireby Gail Barrett
Never marry a smoke jumper! Jordan Wells adopted that motto after her divorce from Cade McKenzie. She wanted a man who wasn't constantly running to the latest disaster--leaving her behind. Years later, she was finally ready to sell her mountain cabin--the only thing that still connected her to her ex--and move on with her life. Cade had sworn he was long over Jordan, but when a deadly fire threatened her life, he didn't hesitate to lead her on a dangerous race out of a burning Montana forest. Forced to take shelter in each other's arms, old passions were ignited. And desire soon proved to be a greater threat than any wildfire. . .
Facing the Flagby Jules Verne
"Facing the Flag" or "For the Flag" is an 1896 patriotic novel by Jules Verne. The book is part of the "Voyages Extraordinaires (Extraordinary Voyages)" series. Like "The Begum's Millions", which Verne published in 1879, it has the theme of France and the entire world threatened by a super-weapon (what would now be called a weapon of mass destruction) with the threat finally overcome through the force of French patriotism. It can be considered one of the first books dealing with problems which were to become paramount half a century after its publication in World War II and the Cold War: brilliant scientists discovering new weapons of great destructive power, whose full utilization might literally destroy the world; the competition between superpowers to obtain overwhelming stockpiles of such weapons; and, efforts of other nations to join the nuclear club.
Facing the Giantsby Eric Wilson
IT'S BEEN SIX YEARS without a winning season and Coach Grant Taylor's job is on the line. Unless the Shiloh Christian Eagles turn things around--and fast--he's history. Unfortunately, their leading scorer has just left for a rival school and the team has lost its drive. The pressure is on. On the home front, things aren't much better for Grant. His house is falling apart. His old clunker of a car keeps dying, and the coach and his wife have been unsuccessful in their attempts to start a family. But God is on the move--in many ways. When Grant receives a message from an unexpected visitor, he searches for a stronger purpose for his football team. When faced with unbelievable odds, Grant and his Shiloh Eagles must rise above their fear and step up to their greatest test of strength and courage.
Select your format based upon: 1) how you want to read your book, and 2) compatibility with your reading tool. To learn more about using Bookshare with your device, visit the Help Center.
Here is an overview of the specialized formats that Bookshare offers its members with links that go to the Help Center for more information.
- Bookshare Web Reader - a customized reading tool for Bookshare members offering all the features of DAISY with a single click of the "Read Now" link.
- DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) - a digital book file format. DAISY books from Bookshare are DAISY 3.0 text files that work with just about every type of access technology that reads text. Books that contain images will have the download option of 'DAISY Text with Images'.
- BRF (Braille Refreshable Format) - digital Braille for use with refreshable Braille devices and Braille embossers.
- MP3 (Mpeg audio layer 3) - Provides audio only with no text. These books are created with a text-to-speech engine and spoken by Kendra, a high quality synthetic voice from Ivona. Any device that supports MP3 playback is compatible.
- DAISY Audio - Similar to the Daisy 3.0 option above; however, this option uses MP3 files created with our text-to-speech engine that utilizes Ivonas Kendra voice. This format will work with Daisy Audio compatible players such as Victor Reader Stream and Read2Go.


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2nd May 2016
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Star Tracks: Monday, May 16, 2016 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
Latest News!
- Concert Karaoke! James Corden Joins Meghan Trainor Onstage at LA Performance
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- May 26, 1980
- Vol. 13
- No. 21
Patty Grubman is becoming a box office name on Broadway at 24, but from the other side of the footlights. She co-produced the long-running Bob Fosse musical Dancin' and this season's stunner Bent—the drama about homosexuals in a Nazi concentration camp starring Richard Gere. Grubman has also been involved in one major floperoo: a musical adaptation of the Alan Bates cult film King of Hearts, which closed after six weeks last year with a loss of more than $1.5 million. Still, Bent's success has enabled Grubman to open up her own production office in Manhattan. The daughter of an L.A. paper goods manufacturer and a housewife, Patty graduated from Beverly Hills High at 16 ("All my friends were children of celebrities") and went to nine colleges before dropping out for good—"short about one class for a degree." Grubman was broken in on Broadway by family friend Nan Pearlman, associate producer of Godspell and The Magic Show. A producer doesn't necessarily have to be rich, and indeed one of Grubman's primary responsibilities is cajoling money from "angels." When she isn't reading scripts, Patty plays racquetball or hops a plane for Aspen, where she bought a house. Ultimately Grubman wants to make it as a movie producer too—but never as a performer. "I hate being in front of crowds," she shudders. "I'd shake to death."
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About the Author: Phyrra
Cruelty free beauty and lifestyle blogger. Poodle obsessed. Loves urban fantasy.
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Yes To Carrots Eye & Makeup Remover Review | Phyrra | Beauty for the Bold July 1, 2013 10:18 pm at 10:18 pm - Reply
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I have to configure my video camera display resolution before capturing and processing the data. Initially I did it as follows.
Created all necessary interfaces.
Added camera and renderer filters
Did RenderStream with Capture and Preview PIN Categories.
Then did the looping through AM_MEDIA_TYPE structures and setting the params.
This worked for a lot of cameras, but a few cameras failed. Then I changed the order of 3 and 4 given above. That is, I did the setting of params before the RenderStream. This time, the error cases went through, but a few On board cameras in SONY VAIO laptop etc seem to fail.
Now, my questions are
Which is the optimal and correct method of getting and setting AM_MEDIA_TYPE parameters and running the graph?
If there are different cameras, if I get an indication of which order is the best for a particular camera by going through the camera's DirectShow interfaces, that will also serve my purpose.
Please help me in this at the earliest,
Thanks and regards,