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Past, Present, and Future of Allergy in Korea
Kim, You-Young
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
Korean allergology has made great progress in keeping pace with global scientific advances in spite of a short history. Outstanding academic and scientific researches have been performed in a variety of allergy fields in Korea. Epidemiologic studies revealed increasing prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases and considerable morbidity and mortality in Korea. Novel inhalant allergens such as citrus red mite and two-spotted spider mite as causes of asthma and allergic rhinitis have been discovered and reported in Korea. Bidirectional translational researches have been performed and are underway to elucidate the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy, mechanisms of airway inflammation and remodeling, and new therapeutic modalities for asthma and allergic diseases. Experimental asthma models of different phenotypes according to exposed levels of lipopolysaccharide or double-stranded RNA suggested the crucial role of the innate immunity in the development of allergic airway inflammation and a new insight for asthma pathogenesis, in which both Th1 and Th2 inflammation are involved. In the field of genetic researches, numerous genetic associations with asthma and asthma-related phenotypes, such as atopy, IgE production, and airway hyperresponsiveness, have been demonstrated in Korean population. The Easy Asthma Management (EAM) program, a computer-assisted asthma management program, is anticipated to facilitate the achievement of more successful clinical outcomes by filling the gaps between guidelines and actual practices. The Integration of these multi-disciplinary allergy research resources and translation of scientific achievements to the bedside and society will lead to better allergy and asthma control in Korea.
Allergy; asthma; Korea
Related Articles
The Other T Helper Cells in Asthma Pathogenesis
Vock, Christina
Hauber, Hans-Peter
Wegmann, Michael
Journal of Allergy
The complex phenotype of allergic bronchial asthma involves a variable degree of bronchoobstruction, increased mucus production, and airway remodeling. So far it is suggested that it arises from multiple interactions of infiltrating and structural cells in the context of chronic airway inflammation that is orchestrated by T helper 2 (TH2) cells. By secreting a plethora of typical mediators such as interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, and IL-13, these cells hold a key position in asthma pathogenesis. However, therapeutic approaches targeting these TH2-type mediators failed to improve asthma symptoms and impressively showed that asthma pathogenesis cannot be reduced by TH2 cell functions. Recently, other T helper cells, that is, TH9 and TH17 cells, have been identified and these cells also contribute to asthma pathogenesis, the processes leading to formation or aggravation of asthma. Furthermore, TH25 cells, TH3 cells, and regulatory T cells have also been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. This paper aims at summarizing recent insights about these new T helper cells in asthma pathogenesis.
Related Articles
From bedside to bench to clinic trials: identifying new treatments for severe asthma
Mishra, Amarjit
Yao, Xianglan
Levine, Stewart J.
Disease Models & Mechanisms
Asthmatics with a severe form of the disease are frequently refractory to standard medications such as inhaled corticosteroids, underlining the need for new treatments to prevent the occurrence of potentially life-threatening episodes. A major obstacle in the development of new treatments for severe asthma is the heterogeneous pathogenesis of the disease, which involves multiple mechanisms and cell types. Furthermore, new therapies might need to be targeted to subgroups of patients whose disease pathogenesis is mediated by a specific pathway. One approach to solving the challenge of developing new treatments for severe asthma is to use experimental mouse models of asthma to address clinically relevant questions regarding disease pathogenesis. The mechanistic insights gained from mouse studies can be translated back to the clinic as potential treatment approaches that require evaluation in clinical trials to validate their effectiveness and safety in human subjects. Here, we will review how mouse models have advanced our understanding of severe asthma pathogenesis. Mouse studies have helped us to uncover the underlying inflammatory mechanisms (mediated by multiple immune cell types that produce Th1, Th2 or Th17 cytokines) and non-inflammatory pathways, in addition to shedding light on asthma that is associated with obesity or steroid unresponsiveness. We propose that the strategy of using mouse models to address clinically relevant questions remains an attractive and productive research approach for identifying mechanistic pathways that can be developed into novel treatments for severe asthma.
Related Articles
Environmental air toxics: role in asthma occurrence?
Larsen, Gary L
Beskid, Craig
Shirnamé-Moré, Lata
Environmental Health Perspectives
2002;110(Suppl 4):501-504.
The National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) hosted its first scientific workshop in 1994 that focused on possible relationships between air toxics and asthma. From that meeting came recommendations for future research including a need for more complete individual personal exposure assessments so that determinations of personal exposures to pollutants could be made. In the spring of 2001, NUATRC held a second such workshop to review progress made in this area during the intervening 7 years. Peer-reviewed articles from the workshop are published in this issue of (italic)Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements(/italic). As in 1994, academic, government, and industry scientists participated. Dave Guinnup of the Environmental Protection Agency discussed the nature of air toxics, their definition, and the basis for federal regulation. George Leikauf from the University of Cincinnati reviewed the 1994 workshop and subsequent research in this field. Current research funded by NUATRC that is addressing individual personal exposure was presented by Clifford Weisel (Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey), Patrick Kinney (Columbia University) and Candis Claiborn (Washington State University). David Corry from Baylor College of Medicine highlighted new insights into asthma pathogenesis while Stephen Redd from the Centers for Disease Control presented an overview of asthma epidemiology as well as the societal costs of the disease. Mary White (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) discussed recent epidemiologic investigations by public health agencies into community concerns about asthma and hazardous air pollutants. David Peden (University of North Carolina) reviewed scientific studies into the links between asthma and air toxics as well as criteria air pollutants. In a session on occupational asthma, Lee Petsonk (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) discussed risk factors for work-related asthma, whereas Ralph Delfino (University of California, Irvine) addressed limitations of extrapolating from occupational asthma to asthma in the general population. These presentations were followed by panel discussions focusing on future research programs, both for NUATRC and similar research institutions. Recommendations for future research included improved assessments of personal exposure to air toxics as well as research focused on specific hazardous air pollutants. The latter recommendation was based on medical literature that suggests certain pollutants from the list of 188 air toxics are most likely to adversely affect respiratory health.
Related Articles
Selenium and asthma
Norton, Robert L.
Hoffmann, Peter R.
Molecular aspects of medicine
Se is a potent nutritional antioxidant important for various aspects of human health. Because asthma has been demonstrated to involve increased oxidative stress, levels of Se intake have been hypothesized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, significant associations between Se status and prevalence or severity of asthma have not been consistently demonstrated in human studies. This highlights both the complex etiology of human asthma and the inherent problems with correlative nutritional studies. In this review, the different findings in human studies are discussed along with results from limited intervention studies. Mouse models of asthma have provided more definitive results suggesting that the benefits of Se supplementation may depend on an individual's initial Se status. This likely involves T helper cell differentiation and the mechanistic studies that have provided important insight into the effects of Se levels on immune cell function are summarized. Importantly, the benefits and adverse effects of Se supplementation must both be considered in using this nutritional supplement for treating asthma. With this in mind new approaches are discussed that may provide more safe and effective means for using Se supplementation for asthma or other disorders involving inflammation or immunity.
selenium; selenoproteins; asthma; allergic airway inflammation; oxidative stress; immunity
Related Articles
Allergic asthma biomarkers using systems approaches
Sircar, Gaurab
Saha, Bodhisattwa
Bhattacharya, Swati G.
Saha, Sudipto
Frontiers in Genetics
Asthma is characterized by lung inflammation caused by complex interaction between the immune system and environmental factors such as allergens and inorganic pollutants. Recent research in this field is focused on discovering new biomarkers associated with asthma pathogenesis. This review illustrates updated research associating biomarkers of allergic asthma and their potential use in systems biology of the disease. We focus on biomolecules with altered expression, which may serve as inflammatory, diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of asthma discovered in human or experimental asthma model using genomic, proteomic and epigenomic approaches for gene and protein expression profiling. These include high-throughput technologies such as state of the art microarray and proteomics Mass Spectrometry (MS) platforms. Emerging concepts of molecular interactions and pathways may provide new insights in searching potential clinical biomarkers. We summarized certain pathways with significant linkage to asthma pathophysiology by analyzing the compiled biomarkers. Systems approaches with this data can identify the regulating networks, which will eventually identify the key biomarkers to be used for diagnostics and drug discovery.
allergic asthma; biomarker; DAAB; TH-2 cytokines and ROS pathway
Related Articles
Measuring and imaging small airways dysfunction in asthma
Thien, Francis
Asia Pacific Allergy
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways causing typical symptoms, and the diagnosis is supported by evidence of airflow obstruction which is variable, reversible or inducible. However, standard assessment of lung function with spirometry does not measure dysfunction in small airways which are < 2 mm in diameter towards the periphery of the lung. These airways make only a small contribution to airway resistance under normal circumstances. Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence that pathology and dysfunction in these small airways are implicated in the pathogenesis and natural history of asthma. Using forced oscillation and the multibreath nitrogen washout techniques, uneven ventilation (ventilation heterogeneity) due to small airways dysfunction has been shown to be an important marker of asthma disease activity, even in the absence of abnormalities in standard spirometric measurements. Recent advances in imaging research, particularly with hyperpolarised gas magnetic resonance imaging, have also given insights into the significance and dynamic nature of ventilation heterogeneity in asthma. The challenge is to integrate these new physiological and imaging insights to further our understanding of asthma and facilitate potential new treatments.
Asthma; Small airways; Forced oscillation technique; Multibreath nitrogen washout; Xenon computed tomography; Hyperpolarised gas lung imaging
Related Articles
IFNG genotype and sex interact to influence risk of childhood asthma
Loisel, Dagan A
Tan, Zheng
Tisler, Christopher J.
Evans, Michael D.
Gangnon, Ronald E.
Jackson, Daniel J.
Gern, James E.
Lemanske, Robert F.
Ober, Carole
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Asthma is a complex disease characterized by sex-specific differences in incidence, prevalence and severity, but little is known about the molecular basis of these sex differences. Objective: To investigate the genetic architecture of sex differences in asthma risk, we evaluated i) associations between polymorphisms in the interferon-gamma (IFNG) gene and childhood onset asthma in combined and sex-specific samples, and ii) interactions between polymorphisms and sex on asthma risk.
Main and sex-interaction effects of IFNG genetic diversity on asthma risk and IFN-γ levels were examined in a birth cohort of children at high risk for asthma and allergic diseases. Replication of the genetic association was assessed in an independent sample of asthma cases.
Significant genotype-by-sex interactions on asthma were observed for two IFNG SNPs, rs2069727 and rs2430561, which were in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other. In contrast, none of the ten IFNG SNPs showed significant main effects on asthma. The observed genotype-by-sex interaction on asthma was characterized by non-additivity, i.e. heterozygote boys had the highest risk for asthma, while heterozygote girls had the lowest risk. The interaction effect was robust to other asthma risk factors but was limited to children who experienced wheezing illnesses with viral infections during the first three years of life. Genotype-by-sex interactions were also observed in IFN-γ response to LPS in the first year of life. Finally, the sex interaction effect was replicated in an independent population of childhood asthma cases.
These results provide insight into the genetic basis of sex differences in asthma and highlight the potential importance of interactions among sex, genotype, and environmental factors in asthma pathogenesis.
IFN-γ; asthma; children; sex differences; single nucleotide polymorphism; association study
Related Articles
Early diagnosis of asthma in young children by using non-invasive biomarkers of airway inflammation and early lung function measurements: study protocol of a case-control study
van de Kant, Kim DG
Klaassen, Ester MM
Jöbsis, Quirijn
Nijhuis, Annedien J
van Schayck, Onno CP
Dompeling, Edward
BMC Public Health
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood, characterized by chronic airway inflammation. There are problems with the diagnosis of asthma in young children since the majority of the children with recurrent asthma-like symptoms is symptom free at 6 years, and does not have asthma. With the conventional diagnostic tools it is not possible to differentiate between preschool children with transient symptoms and children with asthma. The analysis of biomarkers of airway inflammation in exhaled breath is a non-invasive and promising technique to diagnose asthma and monitor inflammation in young children. Moreover, relatively new lung function tests (airway resistance using the interrupter technique) have become available for young children. The primary objective of the ADEM study (Asthma DEtection and Monitoring study), is to develop a non-invasive instrument for an early asthma diagnosis in young children, using exhaled inflammatory markers and early lung function measurements. In addition, aetiological factors, including gene polymorphisms and gene expression profiles, in relation to the development of asthma are studied.
A prospective case-control study is started in 200 children with recurrent respiratory symptoms and 50 control subjects without respiratory symptoms. At 6 years, a definite diagnosis of asthma is made (primary outcome measure) on basis of lung function assessments and current respiratory symptoms ('golden standard'). From inclusion until the definite asthma diagnosis, repeated measurements of lung function tests and inflammatory markers in exhaled breath (condensate), blood and faeces are performed. The study is registered and ethically approved.
This article describes the study protocol of the ADEM study. The new diagnostic techniques applied in this study could make an early diagnosis of asthma possible. An early and reliable asthma diagnosis at 2–3 years will have consequences for the management of the large group of young children with asthma-like symptoms. It will avoid both over-treatment of children with transient wheeze and under-treatment of children with asthma. This might have a beneficial influence on the prognosis of asthma in these young children. Besides, insight into the pathophysiology and aetiology of asthma will be obtained.
This study is registered by clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00422747).
Related Articles
Apolipoprotein E Negatively Regulates House Dust Mite–induced Asthma via a Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–mediated Pathway
Yao, Xianglan
Fredriksson, Karin
Yu, Zu-Xi
Xu, Xiuli
Raghavachari, Nalini
Keeran, Karen J.
Zywicke, Gayle J.
Kwak, Minjung
Amar, Marcelo J. A.
Remaley, Alan T.
Levine, Stewart J.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Rationale: Distinct sets of corticosteroid-unresponsive genes modulate disease severity in asthma.
Objectives: To identify corticosteroid-unresponsive genes that provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and asthma therapeutics.
Methods: Experimental murine asthma was induced by nasal administration of house dust mite for 5 days per week. Dexamethasone and apolipoprotein E (apo E) mimetic peptides were administered via osmotic minipumps.
Measurements and Main Results: Genome-wide expression profiling of the lung transcriptome in a house dust mite–induced model of murine asthma identified increases in apo E mRNA levels that persisted despite corticosteroid treatment. House dust mite–challenged apo E−/− mice displayed enhanced airway hyperreactivity and goblet cell hyperplasia, which could be rescued by administration of an apo E(130–149) mimetic peptide. Administration of the apo E(130–149) mimetic peptide to house dust mite–challenged apo E−/− mice also inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation, IgE production, and the expression of Th2 and Th17 cytokines. House dust mite–challenged low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice displayed a similar phenotype as apo E−/− mice with enhanced airway hyperreactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucin gene expression, but could not be rescued by the apo E(130–149) mimetic peptide, consistent with a LDLR-dependent mechanism.
Conclusions: These findings for the first time identify an apo E–LDLR pathway as an endogenous negative regulator of airway hyperreactivity and goblet cell hyperplasia in asthma. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that strategies that activate the apo E–LDLR pathway, such as apo E mimetic peptides, might be developed into a novel treatment approach for patients with asthma.
asthma; house dust mite; apolipoprotein E; LDL receptor
Related Articles
CD44 variant isoforms are specifically expressed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from asthmatic patients
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Asthma is a disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, and Th2 cells play a critical role in initiating and sustaining asthmatic inflammation. It has been shown that CD44 expressed on CD4+ T cells plays a critical role in the accumulation of antigen-specific Th2 cells in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by antigen challenge in the airways. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are specific CD44 variant isoforms (CD44v) expressed on lymphocytes from asthmatic patients. We collected whole blood samples from 103 normal subjects, 165 subjects with asthma and 104 with pneumonia. Peripheral blood lymphocyte isolation was performed, and total RNA was extracted from the isolated lymphocytes, using nested PCR for specific CD44v amplification on lymphocytes. Demographic variables were analyzed using linear regression in order to determine whether the expression of CD44v was correlated with these demographic features. The nested PCR results revealed that CD44v5 was expressed by 55.2% of asthma patients, which was significantly higher than levels of expression in the other groups. Lower percentages of individuals in the normal subject group exhibited expression of CD44v5 and CD44v6. The data demonstrated that the percentage of individuals in the pneumonia group expressing CD44v5 was 29.0%, but a higher percentage of these patients expressed CD44v6. CD44v5 expression was positively correlated with IgE levels (p=0.032) in the asthmatic patient group, and CD44v6 was significantly positively correlated with the neutrophil count (p<0.05). CD44v5 was expressed by a higher proportion of asthmatic patients than other subjects and thus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. These findings may offer a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and may also provide insights into the mechanisms of asthma development.
asthma; peripheral blood lymphocytes; CD44v5; CD44v6
Related Articles
Dissection of experimental asthma with DNA microarray analysis identifies arginase in asthma pathogenesis
Zimmermann, Nives
King, Nina E.
Laporte, Johanne
Yang, Ming
Mishra, Anil
Pope, Sam M.
Muntel, Emily E.
Witte, David P.
Pegg, Anthony A.
Foster, Paul S.
Hamid, Qutayba
Rothenberg, Marc E.
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Asthma is on the rise despite intense, ongoing research underscoring the need for new scientific inquiry. In an effort to provide unbiased insight into disease pathogenesis, we took an approach involving expression profiling of lung tissue from mice with experimental asthma. Employing asthma models induced by different allergens and protocols, we identified 6.5% of the tested genome whose expression was altered in an asthmatic lung. Notably, two phenotypically similar models of experimental asthma were shown to have distinct transcript profiles. Genes related to metabolism of basic amino acids, specifically the cationic amino acid transporter 2, arginase I, and arginase II, were particularly prominent among the asthma signature genes. In situ hybridization demonstrated marked staining of arginase I, predominantly in submucosal inflammatory lesions. Arginase activity was increased in allergen-challenged lungs, as demonstrated by increased enzyme activity, and increased levels of putrescine, a downstream product. Lung arginase activity and mRNA expression were strongly induced by IL-4 and IL-13, and were differentially dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 6. Analysis of patients with asthma supported the importance of this pathway in human disease. Based on the ability of arginase to regulate generation of NO, polyamines, and collagen, these results provide a basis for pharmacologically targeting arginine metabolism in allergic disorders.
Related Articles
Airway Responsiveness in Mild to Moderate Childhood Asthma
Tantisira, Kelan G.
Colvin, Ryan
Tonascia, James
Strunk, Robert C.
Weiss, Scott T.
Fuhlbrigge, Anne L.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Rationale: Airway responsiveness is a prognostic marker for asthma symptoms in later life.
Objectives: To evaluate characteristics responsible for persistence of airway responsiveness in children with asthma.
Methods: A total of 1,041 children, initially aged 5–12 years, with mild to moderate persistent asthma enrolled in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) were studied prospectively for 8.6 ± 1.8 years with methacholine challenges yearly.
Measurements and Main Results: Least squares geometric mean models were fit to determine effects of sex and age on airway responsiveness (provocative concentration producing 20% decrease in FEV1 [PC20]). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine factors at baseline and over time, which were associated with PC20 at end of follow-up. A total of 7,748 methacholine challenges were analyzed. PC20 increased with age, with boys having greater increase after age 11 years than girls (P < 0.001). The divergence coincided with the mean age for Tanner stage 2. Postpubertal girls had greater airway responsiveness, even after adjustment for FEV1 and other potential confounders. Although multivariable regression analyses noted a variety of factors that influenced airway responsivness in both sexes, a history of hay fever (β= −0.30, P = 0.005), respiratory allergy (β= −0.32, P = 0.006), or recent inhaled corticosteroid usage (β= −0.18, P = 0.02) were associated with decrements in final log PC20 only in girls.
Conclusions: Airway responsiveness (PC20) is more severe in the postpubertal female with asthma than in males. Although there are factors associated with airway responsiveness in both males and females, sex-specific factors may contribute to new insights into asthma pathogenesis.
methacholine; PC20; FEV1; bronchoconstriction
Related Articles
Viral Respiratory Infection and the Link to Asthma
Gern, James E.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Viral respiratory infections are closely associated with wheezing illnesses and exacerbations of asthma throughout childhood, and yet there are a number of remaining questions pertaining to the specific nature of this relationship. Infection with an expanding list of respiratory viruses is an important cause of acute wheezing in infancy, and viruses are detected in most exacerbations of asthma throughout childhood. Furthermore, infants who develop severe viral respiratory infections are more likely to have asthma later in childhood. There has been progress in understanding the pathogenesis of viral respiratory illnesses, and this has led to new insights into how these processes might differ in asthma. Several host factors, including respiratory allergy and virus-induced interferon responses, modify the risk of virus-induced wheezing. In the absence of effective antiviral therapies, treatment of virus-induced wheezing and exacerbations of asthma can be challenging, and studies evaluating current treatment strategies are reviewed. Understanding the host-pathogen interactions that determine the severity of respiratory illnesses and long-term sequelae is likely to be of great help in identifying at-risk individuals, and in designing new and more effective treatments.
rhinovirus; respiratory syncytial virus; asthma
Related Articles
Novel concepts in virally induced asthma
Huckabee, Matthew M
Peebles, R Stokes
Clinical and Molecular Allergy : CMA
Viruses are the predominant infectious cause of asthma exacerbations in the developed world. In addition, recent evidence strongly suggests that viral infections may also have a causal role in the development of childhood asthma. In this article, we will briefly describe the general perception of how the link between infections and asthma has changed over the last century, and then focus on very recent developments that have provided new insights into the contribution of viruses to asthma pathogenesis. Highlighted areas include the contribution of severe early life viral infections to asthma inception, genetic determinants of severe viral infections in infancy, the differences in innate and adaptive immune system cytokine responses to viral infection between asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects, and a potential vaccine strategy to prevent severe early life virally-induced illness.
Related Articles
Immunomodulatory Therapy of Eosinophil-Associated Gastrointestinal Diseases
Stone, Kelly D.
Prussin, Calman
Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs), including eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) and eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG), are a spectrum of increasingly recognized inflammatory diseases characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. Significant morbidity is associated with the development of esophageal strictures in some patients. Immune-mediated reactions to food allergens appear to drive the inflammation in a subset of patients, especially those with solitary EE, but dietary interventions remain difficult in EE and are less effective in EG. Despite the increasing incidence of these disorders and their increased recognition by physicians, there are currently no medications that either United States or European Union regulatory agencies have specifically approved for use in EGIDs. This lack of safe and effective therapies for EGIDs is a major obstacle in the care of these patients and underscores the need for new therapeutic approaches. This review briefly discusses the currently available "off label" drug treatments for EGIDs, most notably topical and systemic corticosteroids. Pathogenesis studies of EGIDs suggest possible therapeutic targets, and conversely, clinical trials of mechanistically-targeted therapeutics give insight into disease pathogenesis. Thus, EGID pathogenesis is discussed as an introduction to mechanistically-targeted immunotherapeutics. The two biologic categories that have been used in EGIDs, anti-IgE (omalizumab) and anti-IL-5 (SCH55700/reslizumab and mepolizumab), are discussed. Since there are similarities in the pathogenesis of EGIDs with asthma and atopic dermatitis, biologic therapeutics currently in early trials for asthma management are also briefly discussed as potential therapeutic agents for EGIDs. Given the deficiencies of current therapeutics and the rapidly advancing knowledge of the pathogenesis of these disorders, EGIDs are an ideal model for translating recent advances in understanding immunopathogenesis into mechanistically-based therapeutics. Further understanding of the early events in pathogenesis is also needed to develop preventive and disease-modifying treatments.
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Trends in Asthma-Related Direct Medical Costs from 2002 to 2007 in British Columbia, Canada: A Population Based-Cohort Study
Bedouch, Pierrick
Marra, Carlo A.
FitzGerald, J. Mark
Lynd, Larry D.
Sadatsafavi, Mohsen
PLoS ONE
Asthma-related health resource use and costs may be influenced by increasing asthma prevalence, changes to asthma management guidelines, and new medications over the last decade. The objective of this work was to analyze direct asthma-related medical costs, and trends in total and per-patient costs of hospitalizations, physician visits, and medications.
A cohort of asthma patients from British Columbia (BC), Canada, was created. Asthma patients were identified using a validated case definition. Costs for hospitalizations, physician visits, and medications were calculated from billing records (in 2008 Canadian dollars). Trends in total and per-patient costs over the study period were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models.
398,235 patients satisfied the asthma case definition (mid-point prevalence 8.0%). Patients consumed $315.9 million (M) in direct asthma-related health resources between 2002 and 2007. Hospitalizations, physician visits, and medication costs accounted for 16.0%, 15.7% and 68.2% of total costs, respectively. Cost of asthma increased from $49.4 M in 2002 to $54.7 M in 2007. Total annual costs attributable to hospitalizations and physician visits decreased (−39.8% and −25.5%, respectively; p<0.001), while medication costs increased (+38.7%; p<0.001).
This population-based analysis shows that the total direct cost of asthma in BC has increased since 2002, mainly due to a rise in asthma prevalence and cost of medication. Combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-agonists has become a significant component of the cost of asthma. Although billing records capture only a fraction of the true burden of asthma, the simultaneous increase in medication costs and reductions in hospitalization and physician visit costs provides valuable insight for policy makers into the shifts in asthma-related resource use.
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An Internet Intervention to Improve Asthma Management: Rationale and Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Arguel, Amaël
Lau, Annie YS
Dennis, Sarah
Liaw, Siaw-Teng
Coiera, Enrico
JMIR Research Protocols
Many studies have shown the effectiveness of self-management for patients with asthma. In particular, possession and use of a written asthma action plan provided by a doctor has shown to significantly improve patients' asthma control. Yet, uptake of a written asthma action plan and preventative asthma management is low in the community, especially amongst adults.
A Web-based personally controlled health management system (PCHMS) called Healthy.me will be evaluated in a 2010 CONSORT-compliant 2-group (static websites verse PCHMS) parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) (allocation ratio 1:1).
The PCHMS integrates an untethered personal health record with consumer care pathways and social forums. After eligibility assessment, a sample of 300 adult patients with moderate persistent asthma will be randomly assigned to one of these arms. After 12 months of using either Healthy.me or information websites (usual care arm), a post-study assessment will be conducted.
The primary outcome measure is possession of or revision of an asthma action plan during the study. Secondary outcome measures include: (1) adherence to the asthma action plan, (2) rate of planned and unplanned visits to healthcare providers for asthma issues, (3) usage patterns of Healthy.me and attrition rates, (4) asthma control and asthma exacerbation scores, and (5) impact of asthma on life and competing demands, and days lost from work.
This RCT will provide insights into whether access to an online PCHMS will improve uptake of a written asthma action plan and preventative asthma actions.
Trial Registration
Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000716864; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=362714 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6IYBJGRnW).
asthma management; Internet intervention; personalized health record; personally controlled health management system; eHealth; asthma action plan
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Li, Xiu-Min
The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York
Prevalence of asthma and allergy has increased over the past 2–3 decades in Westernized countries. Despite increased understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic diseases, control of severe asthma is still difficult. Asthma is also associated with high prevalence of anxiety in particular adolescents. There is no effective treatment for food allergy. Food allergy is often associated with severe and recalcitrant eczema. Novel approaches for treatment of asthma and food allergy and comorbid conditions are urgently needed. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), used in Asia for centuries, is beginning to play a role in Western health care. There is increasing scientific evidence supporting the use of TCM for asthma treatment.
This review article discusses promising TCM interventions for asthma, food allergy and comorbid conditions and explores their possible mechanisms of action. Since 2005, several controlled clinical studies of "anti-asthma" herbal remedies have been published. Among the herbal medicines, anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI) is the only anti-asthma TCM product that is a US FDA investigational new drug (IND) that has entered clinical trials. Research into ASHMI's effects and mechanisms of actions in animal models is actively being pursued. Research on TCM herbal medicines for treating food allergy is rare. The herbal intervention, Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 (FAHF-2) is the only US FDA botanical IND under investigation as a multiple food allergy therapy. Published articles and abstracts, as well as new data generated in preclinical and clinical studies of ASHMI and FAHF-2 are the bases for this review. The effect of TCM therapy on food allergy associated recalcitrant eczema, based on case review, is also included.
Laboratory and clinical studies demonstrate a beneficial effect of ASHMI treatment on asthma. The possible mechanisms underlying the efficacy are multiple. Preclinical studies demonstrated the efficacy and safety of FAHF-2 for treating food allergy in a murine model. A clinical study demonstrated that FAHF-2 is safe, well tolerated, and exhibited beneficial immunomodulatory effects. A clinical report showed that TCM treatment reduced eczema scores and improved quality of life. Herbal interventions, ASHMI and FAHF-2 may be further developed as botanical drugs for treating asthma and food allergy. TCM may also be of benefit for comorbid conditions such as anxiety and recalcitrant eczema. More controlled studies are warranted.
In conclusion, novel approaches for treatment of asthma and food allergy and comorbid conditions such as anxiety and eczema are urgently needed. This article discusses promising interventions for such conditions from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and explores their possible mechanisms of action.
Herbal interventions; traditional Chinese medicine; ASHMI; FAHF-2; asthma; food allergy
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New drugs targeting Th2 lymphocytes in asthma
Caramori, Gaetano
Groneberg, David
Ito, Kazuhiro
Casolari, Paolo
Adcock, Ian M
Papi, Alberto
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology (London, England)
2008;3(Suppl 1):S6.
Asthma represents a profound worldwide public health problem. The most effective anti-asthmatic drugs currently available include inhaled β2-agonists and glucocorticoids and control asthma in about 90-95% of patients. The current asthma therapies are not cures and symptoms return soon after treatment is stopped even after long term therapy. Although glucocorticoids are highly effective in controlling the inflammatory process in asthma, they appear to have little effect on the lower airway remodelling processes that appear to play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma at currently prescribed doses. The development of novel drugs may allow resolution of these changes. In addition, severe glucocorticoid-dependent and resistant asthma presents a great clinical burden and reducing the side-effects of glucocorticoids using novel steroid-sparing agents is needed. Furthermore, the mechanisms involved in the persistence of inflammation are poorly understood and the reasons why some patients have severe life threatening asthma and others have very mild disease are still unknown. Drug development for asthma has been directed at improving currently available drugs and findings new compounds that usually target the Th2-driven airway inflammatory response. Considering the apparently central role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of asthma, drugs targeting disease-inducing Th2 cells are promising therapeutic strategies. However, although animal models of asthma suggest that this is feasible, the translation of these types of studies for the treatment of human asthma remains poor due to the limitations of the models currently used. The myriad of new compounds that are in development directed to modulate Th2 cells recruitment and/or activation will clarify in the near future the relative importance of these cells and their mediators in the complex interactions with the other pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cells and mediators responsible of the different asthmatic phenotypes. Some of these new Th2-oriented strategies may in the future not only control symptoms and modify the natural course of asthma, but also potentially prevent or cure the disease.
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Exhaled Nitric Oxide, Susceptibility and New-Onset Asthma in the Children's Health Study
Bastain, Theresa M.
Islam, Talat
Berhane, Kiros T.
McConnell, Rob S.
Rappaport, Edward B.
Salam, Muhammad T.
Linn, William S.
Avol, Edward L.
Zhang, Yue
Gilliland, Frank D.
The European respiratory journal
A substantial body of evidence suggests an etiologic role of inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress in asthma pathogenesis. Fractional concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled air (FeNO) may provide a non-invasive marker of oxidative/nitrosative stress and aspects of airway inflammation. We examined whether children with elevated FeNO are at increased risk for new-onset asthma.
We prospectively followed 2206 asthma-free children (age 7–10 years) who participated in the Children's Health Study. We measured FeNO and followed these children for three years to ascertain incident asthma cases. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to examine the association between FeNO and new-onset asthma.
We found that FeNO was associated with increased risk of new-onset asthma. Children with the highest quartile of FeNO had more than a two-fold increased risk of new-onset asthma compared to those with the lowest quartile (hazard ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.3–3.5). This effect did not vary by child's history of respiratory allergic symptoms. However, the effect of elevated FeNO on new-onset asthma was most apparent among those without a parental history of asthma.
Our results indicate that children with elevated FeNO are at increased risk for new-onset asthma, especially if they have no parental history of asthma.
Incident Asthma; Exhaled Nitric Oxide; Airway Inflammation
Related Articles
Oxidative Stress and Asthma: Proteome Analysis of Chitinase-like Proteins and FIZZ1 in Lung Tissue and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Zhang, Lifeng
Wang, Meiying
Kang, Xuedong
Boontheung, Pinmanee
Li, Ning
Nel, Andre E.
Loo, Joseph A.
Journal of proteome research
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in asthma. The identification of oxidative stress markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue from ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized mice could provide new insight into disease pathogenesis and possible use of antioxidants to alleviate disease severity. We used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the impact of the thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), on protein expression in a murine OVA model. At least six proteins or protein families were found to be significantly increased in BALF from OVA-challenged mice compared to a control group: chitinase 3-like protein 3 (Ym1), chitinase 3-like protein 4 (Ym2), acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D), resistin-like molecule α (RELMα) or "found in inflammatory 1" (FIZZ1), and haptoglobin α-subunit. A total of 9 proteins were significantly increased in lung tissue from the murine asthma model, including Ym1, Ym2, FIZZ1, and other lung remodeling-related proteins. Western blotting confirmed increased Ym1/Ym2, SP-D, and FIZZ1 expression measured from BAL fluid and lung tissue from OVA-challenged mice. Intraperitoneal NAC administration prior to the final OVA challenge inhibited Ym1/Ym2, SP-D, and FIZZ1 expression in BALF and lung tissue. The oxidative stress proteins, Ym1/Ym2, FIZZ1 and SP-D, could play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma and may be useful oxidative stress markers.
proteomics; asthma pathogensis; N-acetylcysteine; antioxidant; diesel exhaust particle; oxidative stress
Related Articles
Advances in Pediatric Asthma in 2010: Addressing the Major Issues
Szefler, Stanley J.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Last year's Advances in Pediatric Asthma concluded with the following statement "If we can close these [remaining] gaps through better communication, improvements in the health care system and new insights into treatment, we will move closer to better methods to intervene early in the course of the disease and induce clinical remission as quickly as possible in most children". This year's summary will focus on recent advances in pediatric asthma that take steps moving forward as reported in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology publications in 2010.
Some of those recent reports show us how to improve asthma management through steps to better understand the natural history of asthma, individualize asthma care, reduce asthma exacerbations, manage inner city asthma, and some potential new ways to use available medications to improve asthma control. It is clear that we have made many significant gains in managing asthma in children but we have a ways to go to prevent asthma exacerbations, alter the natural history of the disease, and to reduce health disparities in asthma care.
Perhaps new directions in personalized medicine and improved health care access and communication will help maintain steady progress in alleviating the burden of this disease in children, especially young children.
asthma; asthma control; asthma impairment; asthma risk; asthma severity; early intervention in asthma; biomarkers; genetics; inhaled corticosteroids; leukotriene receptor antagonists; long-acting β-adrenergic agonists; omalizumab; personalized medicine; therapeutics
Related Articles
Effects of obesity and bariatric surgery on airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma control and inflammation
Dixon, Anne E.
Pratley, Richard E.
Forgione, Patrick M.
Kaminsky, David A.
Whittaker-Leclair, Laurie A.
Griffes, Laurianne A
Garudathri, Jayanthi
Raymond, Danielle
Poynter, Mathew E.
Bunn, Janice Y.
Irvin, Charles G.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Asthma in obese individuals is poorly understood, these patients are often refractory to standard therapy.
To gain insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma in obese individuals by determining how obesity and bariatric surgery affect asthma control, airway hyperresponsiveness and markers of asthmatic inflammation.
A prospective study of (i) asthmatic and non-asthmatic bariatric surgery patients compared at baseline, and (ii) asthmatic patients followed for 12 months after bariatric surgery.
We studied 23 asthmatic and 21 non-asthmatic patients undergoing bariatric surgery. At baseline, asthmatics had lower FEV1 and FVC, and lower levels of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage.
Following surgery, asthmatic participants experienced significant improvements in asthma control (asthma control score 1.55 to 0.74, p < 0.0001) and asthma quality of life (4.87 to 5.87, p < 0.0001). Airways responsiveness to methacholine improved significantly (PC20 3.9 to 7.28, p = 0.03). There was a statistically significant interaction between IgE status and change in airways responsiveness (p for interaction term = 0.01), improvement in AHR was significantly related to change in BMI in those with normal IgE (p = 0.02, R2 = 0.46). The proportion of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage and production of cytokines from activated peripheral blood CD4+ T cells increased significantly.
Bariatric surgery improves airway hyperresponsiveness in obese asthmatics with normal serum IgE. Weight loss has dichotomous effects on airway physiology and T cell function typically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, suggesting that obesity produces a unique phenotype of asthma that will require a distinct therapeutic approach.
Obesity; asthma; bariatric surgery; weight loss; airway hyperreactivity; CD4 T cell
Related Articles
Expression analysis of asthma candidate genes during human and murine lung development
Melén, Erik
Kho, Alvin T
Sharma, Sunita
Gaedigk, Roger
Leeder, J Steven
Mariani, Thomas J
Carey, Vincent J
Weiss, Scott T
Tantisira, Kelan G
Respiratory Research
Little is known about the role of most asthma susceptibility genes during human lung development. Genetic determinants for normal lung development are not only important early in life, but also for later lung function.
To investigate the role of expression patterns of well-defined asthma susceptibility genes during human and murine lung development. We hypothesized that genes influencing normal airways development would be over-represented by genes associated with asthma.
Asthma genes were first identified via comprehensive search of the current literature. Next, we analyzed their expression patterns in the developing human lung during the pseudoglandular (gestational age, 7-16 weeks) and canalicular (17-26 weeks) stages of development, and in the complete developing lung time series of 3 mouse strains: A/J, SW, C57BL6.
In total, 96 genes with association to asthma in at least two human populations were identified in the literature. Overall, there was no significant over-representation of the asthma genes among genes differentially expressed during lung development, although trends were seen in the human (Odds ratio, OR 1.22, confidence interval, CI 0.90-1.62) and C57BL6 mouse (OR 1.41, CI 0.92-2.11) data. However, differential expression of some asthma genes was consistent in both developing human and murine lung, e.g. NOD1, EDN1, CCL5, RORA and HLA-G. Among the asthma genes identified in genome wide association studies, ROBO1, RORA, HLA-DQB1, IL2RB and PDE10A were differentially expressed during human lung development.
Our data provide insight about the role of asthma susceptibility genes during lung development and suggest common mechanisms underlying lung morphogenesis and pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
Asthma; Development; Expression; Genetics; Lung
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boarding, birthday parties, lessons
Paso Fino rescue and training ranch
We offer personalized retired horse care.
CDK is a new boarding ranch located in the upstate of South Carolina. 24 hr boarding and horse care. trails and arena.
Hunter Jumper boarding and training facility in North Forsyth!
Raise need ride and show the best of the best .....in no way associated with crawford quarter and appaloosa that is in this area
Trinity Acres is located less than an hour north of Atlanta, Georgia. We currently offer pasture board to all disciplines. 36+ acres of pasture,…
TRAIL RIDES by appt, 7 days a week, $35, lessons, boarding, partial lease of gentle horses, Pony Parties, Therapeutic Riding. Best trail rides in…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
With Mercedes heading for 2014 spoils, Red Bull is setting its next targets in formula one. "In 2015," Dr Helmut Marko is quoted by Speed
Sebastian Vettel tops the wet free practice three for the British Grand Prix. The reigning world champion was just .109s quicker than his teammate Daniel
Renault was not solely to blame for Sebastian Vettel's problems in Austria last time out. The reigning world champion suffered a momentary loss of drive
F1 engine supplier Renault has denied it is being bought out by disgruntled partner Red Bull. Team boss Christian Horner is back on the offensive
Switching to Ferrari could be a way for Sebastian Vettel to kick-start his F1 career, according to Bernie Ecclestone. After winning four consecutive world championships,
Mercedes, the dominant team of 2014, and defending quadruple world champions Red Bull, are the perfect F1 enemies. After winning on Red Bull's home soil
Even amid the denials, the story suggesting Red Bull is considering designing its own formula one engine will not go away. All year – ever
Christian Horner has added his denial to reports Red Bull could end its F1 engine crisis by building its own turbo V6. Amid the reigning


text: AdChoices Terms of Use Privacy Policy Hide TOP 10 Top 10 Dating Relationship Drivers: Mood-Boosters Share Tweet 0 Shares 4. Get A Whole Season Of A TV Show She Can Binge Watch Matt McGee/Flickr When we get the flu or we have a hangover that is completely kicking out butts, we want nothing more than to veg out in front of the television and let our brains cozy up in the comforting pillow of the screen. We suggest downloading an entire season of a show she can indulge in start to finish without having the wait for the pesky download time. This is the ultimate pleasant surprise on those low days. Next Page TOP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Comments Share your opinion Your name More Like This Sponsored Ad Content The 10 Things You Should Be Doing With Your Girlfriend Tonight Read More Sponsored Ad Content Working This Summer? Doesn't Mean You Can't Take Her On A Boss Vacation Read More Things To Do 10 Romantic Vacations You Can Take This Weekend Read More Sponsored Ad Content 10 Dates You Should Make Before The Weekend Read More Dating Tips Everything You Know About Technology And Relationships Is Wrong Read More Dating Tips If You're Frantically Searching For Valentine's Day Plans, Relax And Read This Read More Around the Web Special Features Guy Gear The Best Watches Under $500 Read More Special Feature The Ultimate Guide To Hooking Up Online Read More


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Bowling championship draws near
An activity that often gets overlooked, even by myself, is bowling. Like archery, these are sports that are growing in popularity in the area, and Union County is no exception, boasting talented squads each year from both West Union and East Union.
While the county has crowned three champions in bowling in as many years, I have yet to actually make it to a match, which is a shame and something I hate to admit.
When I interviewed East Union's boys team after their second state title last spring, Coach Brad Browning and the guys described the atmosphere as it was a close battle for the title, and not only that, but how West Union supported them despite not making it to the finals. At that point, I vowed that I would find time to make it to at least one match this year.
As you can tell from previous issues, I haven't quite held my end of the deal there, but all of that will change on Friday, as I will make the trip to Tupelo to watch both West Union and East Union in the Class I State Qualifying round at Rebel Lanes.
My co-worker, Angie, is probably the only person I know who loves watching ESPN only for their coverage of billiards and bowling. While many, like myself, ignore that afternoon line-up every Sunday, she's intrigued by them.
Now I'm not opposed to the sport, by any means, but I definitely lack knowledge, as I have only played myself a handful of times. I could go into detail as to how that went, but just know I throw the ball more than trying to roll it down the lane, and the only way I'm competitive against my friends is if they allow me to use the bumpers.
I'm not quite sure how to even cover a bowling match, but I'm excited to parade around with my new camera and come up with different shots. This will be a challenge, but I do love a good challenge from time to time.
I'm sure that the atmosphere that was described to me last year will be seen once more at Friday's match, and I look forward to meeting some of these kids and seeing what it is they love about this sport and how they've become so good so soon. Keep in mind, most of the kids who participate are new to the sport, so it really is a tribute to the coaches at each school for shaping them into a competitive squad each year.
Hopefully a lot of you reading will be out there to support the Eagles and Urchins. This is sure to be an exciting event, which will hopefully lead to another state championship for one or both of the respective schools.
And they probably won't use bumpers.
About Chris Elkins
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savvy investors
There is a lot of misinformation here from both pros and cons. But, of course, I know that you folks are just enjoying yourselves from adjoining cubicles. I've never seen more nonsense on a comment board. Any new folks here, don't pay attention. This is not the place to come for anything but a few laughs.
So why should you care? Are you such a wonderful human being that you are legitimately concerned about my financial well being? If you are, leave your mother's apartment in Hong Kong, come here to Buffalo, NY and sit down with me and help me rebalance my portfolio. Otherwise save your comments for yourself.
At current price, NCT is still up about 50% since beginning of the year, not including dividends.
Sentiment: Hold
Guess math is not your forte! .44/6.00 = 8%
Try again, louieloueie!
NCT pays .10 per Qtr not .11
Board members...at this time, NCT (yield about 7.2%) is up 35.8% in Total Returns YTD....! $tagg...!
stay long yer getting wiped out


text:
- Town/Country : Not specified
- Title : Not specified
- Birth Date : Not specified
- <3 status : With someone
- Number of visits : 3575
- Number of comments : 4
- Number of FMLs : 0 confirmed out of 3 posted
About postoso : Yo
About postoso : Yo
You read an FML that mentions a badge, and in return you've been awarded a badge. A badge inside a badge.
The Mixer
You like to live life randomly, and we salute you.
I like your style
You've liked someone. How cute!
Today, I found out my brother blew chunks into the inside of my jeans. How did I find this out? I put them on. FML
by AZN656 / 03/04/2010 at 6:24am / Australia (Victoria) / Miscellaneous
Today, my boyfriend and I were trying to have sex for the first time. Not only did he struggle for five minutes to put on a condom (repeatedly snapping himself in the balls), but he then had to ask me "which hole" to put it in. I'm dating a thirty-four year old virgin. FML
by Alicia / 01/21/2010 at 12:02am / United States (Oregon) / Intimacy
Today, I was watching Free Willy with my boyfriend. It was at the part where the boy leaned into the water to give Willy a hug. I asked, "How do you even hug a whale?" My boyfriend rolled over and gave me a hug, and said, "Like this." FML
by leigh2812 / 01/05/2010 at 5:03pm / Love
Today, I was snuggled in bed with my husband. He thought because my butt was twitching that I was trying to be frisky. So he slapped my ass hard in attempt to get something going. I was actually trying to hold in a huge fart because last night I had diarrhea. Apparently I still have it. FML
by Lovergirl / 01/01/2010 at 3:23pm / United States (Arkansas) / Intimacy
Today, I have been stuck in the bathroom. Apparently, my 8 year old son decided to sneak in some TurboLax into the juice we left out for Santa. Well played son. FML
by BathroomMuch / 12/25/2009 at 11:15am / United States (California) / Kids
Today, at work, I went to fold a pair of pants that was left in a changing room to find out that someone had taken a dump in them. FML
by g_unit / 12/10/2009 at 12:24am / Canada (Alberta) / Work
Today, I was standing in a long line at the Post Office when my 3 year old son starts rubbing up and down my leg. I asked him what he was doing and he said loudly. "I'm humping you like Simon humps me!" Everyone looks at me in shocked horror. Simon is our dog. FML
by Sissy / 12/05/2009 at 7:04pm / United States (Washington) / Animals
Today, I fainted for the first time in my life. I was in the shower. With my girlfriend. Apparently, my brain and my erection had a battle for who got the most blood, and my erection won. FML
by Silent / 12/03/2009 at 12:50pm / United Kingdom (Hampshire) / Intimacy
Today, I got to work in the ER at the local hospital. A lady came in with high blood sugar. She was concerned because the same thing happened to her husband. I reassured her, telling her she'll be back with her husband in an hour or so. Her husband died four years ago from something similar. FML
by Anonymous / 11/05/2009 at 7:40pm / United States (Colorado) / Health
Today, I was driving my child to school when the car let out a huge bang. It shuddered to a halt. My son started laughing. I asked him what was funny but he wouldn't tell me. The car wouldn't start. I called RACV and they told me the problem. My son had rolled 9 golf balls into the exhaust pipe. FML
by Anonymous / 11/01/2009 at 1:44am / Australia (Victoria) / Transportation
Today, I was working my job at Sephora when I overheard two women talking. One of them asked her friend, "Is being pretty a requirement to work here?" Her friend turned to see me, turned back to her friend and said, "I guess not." FML
by uglyyyyy / 10/28/2009 at 4:19pm / United States (New Hampshire) / Work
Today, I got home from work and heard the shower in my bathroom running. Thinking my wife was taking a shower, I got completely undressed and walked in. My wife wasn't in the shower, instead I found my daughter and her boyfriend in the shower, making out. There was an awkward moment of silence. FML
by sad_dad / 10/24/2009 at 1:35pm / Canada (Ontario) / Intimacy
Today, I had to take a dump. While looking for a book to read, I sneezed. The force of the sneeze caused me to shit my pants. The glob of dung then ran down my leg before falling out of my shorts onto my carpet, all in less than 5 seconds. Nothing in my life has prepared me for this. FML
by Anonymous / 10/14/2009 at 1:01pm / United States (Florida) / Miscellaneous
Today, my girlfriend was getting up to leave and I, trying to be romantic, got up behind her and tried to swing her back down onto the bed and kiss her simultaneously, misjudged the distance and threw her into the wall, her head then bounced off the wall and into my forehead, spraining her nose. FML
by dontpanic / 09/21/2009 at 3:08pm / United States (Minnesota) / Intimacy
Today, I tried to wake my husband up in the middle of the night by kissing him deeply and massaging his neck and shoulders. He opens his eyes, looks at me, says "No", and goes back to sleep. FML
by turnoff / 09/17/2009 at 12:42am / United States (Pennsylvania) / Intimacy


text:
Software Sneak Circuit Analysis
Award Information
Small Business Information
P.O. Box 4046, Torrance, CA, 90510
Principal Investigator:
Donald Reifer
Chief Technical Officer
(310) 530-4493
Chief Technical Officer
(310) 530-4493
Business Contact:
Donald Reifer
(310) 530-4493
(310) 530-4493
Research Institution:
AbstractThe goal of this Phase II effort is to refine and scale software sneak circuit analysis techniques developed under a previous SBIR Phase I contract. During Phase II, these innovative techniques will be used to provide software-intensive systems withprotection against tampering and exploitation attempts. Sneak circuits represent a way to obfuscate source code and binaries and make them difficult to reverse engineer. After building a prototype set of tools, RCI will apply them on a pilot project. Thetools will be used to seed real-time software with software sneak circuits to counter known threats based upon predefined scenarios. RCI will then conduct a series of experiments to demonstrate that software sneak circuits provide adequate protectionagainst tampering without adversely impacting overall system performance (speed, I/O and memory utilization, etc.). Once proven, RCI will commercialize the technology and transition it into use on a MDA program.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


text:
Gavin SplatterbangPictures -
Gavin SplatterbangIntroduce yourself! -
— Harry Crews, † R.I.P †
[ Tattoo/text on his arm, photo attached, is an excerpt from E. E. Cummings' poem "Buffalo Bill" :
"how do you like your blueeyed boy
Mister Death?" ]
#harrycrews #quote #quotation #author #writer #rip #death #art #artists #humancondition
- Goodreads (current)
Authors: Dennis Cooper, Dodie Bellamy, Clint Catalyst, Michelle Tea, Eileen Myles, Cookie Mueller, Danielle Willis, Bret Easton Ellis, Jay McInerney, Chuck Palahniuk, Dorothy Allison, Poppy Z. Brite, Sylvia Plath, Flannery O'Connor, Darcey Steinke, John Rechy, Anne Sexton, Justin Chin
Magazines: Volt, Volt Man, V Man, Dazed & Confused, AnOther Man, Gazelland
Movies: Ginger Snaps, The Abominable Dr. Phibes, Jawbreaker, Suspiria, Female Trouble, Let the Right One In, The Hunger, Thirst, The Doom Generation, Dark Habits
Heroes: Risk-takers. Rule-breakers. Readers, Writers, Teachers, Spoken Word performers, Street poets, Literary critics, and (just about any other) lovers of language who dare explore beyond the parameters of the so-called Western Canon.
There go my evening plans.
The Weird Girl Paradigm
face to face by bethfromabove on Flickr.
I Liked Everything I Saw on Facebook for Two Days. Here's What It Did to...
I like everything. Or at least I did, for 48 hours. Literally everything Facebook sent my way, I liked---even if I hated it.
Wonderfully Twisted Photos From a Glitch Art Guru | WIRED
Visconti is part of the growing field glitch photography, a genre of art that takes normal-looking photographs and wreaks visual havoc on th
ART + STYLE + SPACE ADVENTURES ☽ Intergalactic Naturalist and Cosmonomad ☾ NorCal. Moscow-born interplanetary artist, photographer and write
Honored to have these photos of my dear friend, @ClintCatalyst, and I included in the "Blood" issues of Giuseppina magazine. Here are some o
Lost in Cyberspace with W Magazine. W March 2014 Ph: Steven Meisel Styling: Marie Amelie Sauve Model: Julia Nobis
Full Force
Chapbook of poetry, or "spoken word text." Table of Contents I Guess I Should Talk About Sex 9 Everybody's Big Exception 14 I Remem...
a quote by Clint Catalyst
...feel the fierce way desiretourniquets itself around you andclingsClubland South of Market tweak-chic trannies powder their noses frombull
The Battered Suitcase April 2009
Author of Pills, Thrills, Chills, and Heartache, Cottonmouth Kisses, Full Force, Caresses Soft as Sandpaper, Best Gay Stories 2012, Back in
Caresses Soft as Sandpaper
Caresses Soft as Sandpaper - subtitled "A Collection of Amorous Ramblings and Rotted Erotica" - is the first book of Catalyst's writings eve
Cottonmouth Kisses Giveaway |
Our blogger / fashionista / author / actor / diva / extraordinaire friend, Clint Catalyst, is celebrating the release of Cottonmouth Kisses
The Letters of Mina Harker
In Dodie Bellamy's imagined
Quote by Clint Catalyst: YOU YOU YOU your eyes, thick as a high school ...
2 people liked this quote by Clint Catalyst: 'YOU YOU YOUyour eyes, thick as a high school scrapbook crackling and yellow, curling at the ed
Lina in L.A.: Diamond Dogs - Slide 3 - Los Angeles - Slideshows
The re-launch of popular Hollywood glam slam Diamond Dogs at Bardot was a dazzling, dressed-up...
Pills, Thrills, Chills, and Heartache: Adventures in the First Person
Thirty-seven writers. One rule. Each story must be told in the first person. Clint Catalyst (Cottonmouth Kisses) and Michelle Tea (The Chels
Full Force
Chapbook of poetry, or "spoken word text." Table of Contents I Guess I Should Talk About Sex 9 Everybody's Big Exception 14 I Remember
Influenced by Cottonmouth Kisses by Clint Catalyst
Lina in L.A.: Diamond Dogs - Los Angeles - Slideshows
The re-launch of popular Hollywood glam slam Diamond Dogs at Bardot was a dazzling, dressed-up...
This Friday: Veneris XIII Group Show
Who Is Zo? Artist / Writer; Photographer/Style Technician; Russian Cosmonomad docked in LA. Techno renaissance internet goddess extraordinai


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Mark Thomas <ma...@apache.org>
|Re: Using JDT compiler from build.xml
|Sat, 04 Oct 2008 16:22:59 GMT
Elalmaire wrote: > > > Mark Thomas-18 wrote: >> Elalmaire wrote: >>> Hi, >>> I'm a new tomcat user. >>> I'm running Apache Tomcat ver 6.0.18 on Windows Vista with JRE 6 (so I've >>> setted JRE_HOME). >>> >From docs, I've read that it's possible to use a jre since "Tomcat 6.0 > uses the Eclipse JDT Java compiler for compiling JSP pages", but when I try > to compile with ant (the sample consists in two jsps and two servlets) I > have: That won't work. The JDT compiler is only for compiling JSPs. This can be done on the fly or using the JspC task. It is not intended as a replacement for javac. Mark --------------------------------------------------------------------- To start a new topic, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text: NEWS: Splinter Cell Blacklist – Spies Vs. Mercs trailer Author: Lander Van der Biest \ May 3, 2013 \ Home, News \ 0 Comments Splinter Cell Blacklist will feature a multiplayer mode called Spies Vs. Mercs. In this mode it's up to the stealthy spies to steal data out of three terminals. The heavily armored Mercs are there to step them. Like0


text:
Lisa Morin
Revolving Door
Who's coming and who's going. Tell us about your job move! Receive the Revolving Door Newsletter with expert analysis by email twice a week.
June 9, 2011: Lisa Morin has been named executive producer at Anderson Cooper's new show Anderson. She had been senior supervising producer at The Oprah Winfrey Show. (TVNewser)


text:
DEC Presents: SOC Reports – Matching the W's with your Service Organization Needs
Join us at the DEC on Thursday, May 8 from 10:30am - 11:45am. Please look for signage for designated room.
Description: An introduction to the What, Why, When, Where and Who of Service Organization Control (SOC) Reports and Engagements. SOC Reports are internal control reports on services performed by an organization providing information to users in order to assess and address the risks associated with an outsourced service. SOC reports are likely applicable to many Companies at the DEC whether providing or receiving outsourced services.
Presenters: Robert Shenton, Partner, Plante Moran; Rob Kopp, Co-Founder, President and COO, Metro Data Center
Robert Shenton is the Managing Partner of Plante Moran's Central Ohio Region. He specializes in providing audit, tax, and business advisory services to privately held companies, higher education institutions, and not-for-profit organizations. Robert is known for his leadership, communication and teambuilding skills, and unique ability to analyze complex issues via a practical, common-sense approach.
Rob Kopp served as Chief Information Officer of The Frank Gates Companies/Avizent ("Frank Gates"), which specializes in employee benefit and risk management services. Mr. Kopp also served as Chief Executive Officer of Visual Risk Solutions, where he developed and managed an internationally based technology consortium, including computerized hosting infrastructure and application service development. VRS's Visual Claims and Risk Management Administration suite of hosted software products, supported companies such as Microsoft, Wal-Mart, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and many other State and Local government agencies, nationally.
Plante Moran is the nation's 13th largest certified public accounting and business advisory firm, providing clients with financial, human capital, operations improvement, strategic planning, technology selection and
implementation, and family wealth management services. Plante Moran has a staff of more than 2,000 professionals in 21 offices throughout Michigan, Ohio,
Illinois, Monterrey, Mexico, Mumbai, India and Shanghai, China. Plante Moran
has been recognized by a number of organizations, including FORTUNE magazine, as one of the country's best places to work.
Metro Data Center, LLC & TechDEC in Dublin, Ohio Metro Data Center, LLC (MDC) is a strategic business development and support firm dedicated to solving your business issues. Founders Niles Overly and Rob Kopp have developed a mature and proven "People, Process and Technology" methodology to connect your business with the best-in-the-business resources to ensure successful outcomes.
The Dublin Entrepreneurial Center is located at 565 Metro Place South, Suite 300, Dublin, Ohio 43017. For more information visit our website or even better join the conversation on twitter, facebook, or LinkedIn.
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transpire verb (BECOME KNOWN)
transpire verb (HAPPEN)
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
transpire verb (LOSE WATER)
noun [ U ] uk /ˌtræn.spɪˈreɪ.ʃən/ us /ˌtræn.spəˈreɪ.ʃən/ specialized
(Definition of "transpire" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
(Definition of "transpire" from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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the soft, thick hair that grows on the bodies of sheep and some other animals
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All of this comes for a total of $59.99 USD, which is quite a little deal for all of that gear. The standard edition of the game will be available for $49.99 USD. The open beta for Auto Assault begins March 17 at the game's official website. Auto Assault has not yet been rated by the ESRB.
Tales from the Borderlands July 31 • 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
Sword Coast Legends Aug 7 • 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
Breath of Fire IV Continues! Every Monday • 5:00pm PDT/8:00pm EDT
Star Wars: KotOR Continues! Coming soon...


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Essential Guide
Stay connected with tips and trends in vSphere networking
A comprehensive collection of articles, videos and more, hand-picked by our editors
What's required to run Cisco ACI, VMware NSX?
Cisco and VMware offer competing products to bring virtualization to the networking world, and each has a different way to implement the technology.
Stay connected with tips and trends in vSphere networking
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in VMware NSX and in Cisco ACI?
Traditional physical networks rely on dedicated equipment, which is often proprietary, difficult to configure, and even harder to change once components are put into production. But just as virtualization has brought flexibility and manageability to server computing, network virtualization is poised to redefine the ways that enterprise networks are provisioned, protected and managed. Products like VMware NSX and Cisco ACI are bringing virtualization to the network and allowing entire enterprise-class networks to be assembled with software tools without any new equipment or devices.
VMware NSX is intended to be a software-only answer to network virtualization; the only hardware required for NSX to work is an available and adequately configured IP network. However, NSX does impose some deployment requirements. For example, a tool like NSX Manager -- installed with vCenter Server 5.5 or later -- should receive at least 12 GB of memory, 60 GB of disk space and at least 4 vCPUs from the host server. NSX Manager also requires port 443 for downloading the open virtualization format deployment file. Although NSX is a natural fit for vSphere/ESXi, vCloud Director and vCloud Automation Center (vCAC) environments, it can also be deployed on top of other hypervisors including XenServer or KVM. When management is needed for cloud-based networks, adopters can employ vCAC, OpenStack or CloudStack.
By comparison, Cisco ACI requires far greater integration between Cisco network hardware and software. Hardware components used in the underlying network fabric include Cisco Nexus 9000 series switches. Software elements include an application virtual switch like the Cisco Nexus 1000V, along with a Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APCI), which handles the bulk of the management, and Cisco ACI Security. Each of these software platforms poses unique deployment requirements. ACI does support open APIs and OpenStack management.
Stephen J. Bigelow asks:
Is either VMware's approach (VMware NSX) or Cisco's approach (Cisco ACI) to network virtualization something you would adopt?
0 ResponsesJoin the Discussion
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Ratings based on 56 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
4.8 Room cleanliness
4.9 Service & staff
4.1 Room comfort
4.4 Hotel condition
Expedia Verified ReviewsThey paid and stayed. We double-checked.
by A verified traveler
Posted Oct 5, 2015 on Hotels
by A verified traveler from Roma
Meravigliosa vista lago!Posted Sep 13, 2015
L'hotel è davvero molto grazioso. La stanza nr 5 ha la vista lago da mozzare il fiato e un delizioso balconcino dove rilassarsi fumando una sigaretta e godendosi il panorama. Estrema pulizia, camera silenziosa e funzionale, colazione ottima ed abbondante. I proprietari sono squisiti, amichevoli e sempre sorridenti e lui, Sergio, ha l'estro e la delicatezza di regalare alla colazione un tocco romantico! CONSIGLIATISSIMO!!!!
by Richard from Redditch
First Class in SirmionePosted Sep 12, 2015 on Hotels
We arrived on a hot afternoon and were greeted with a nice refreshing drink.Our cases were taken up to our room for us and from that point onwards everything was perfect. Although the hotel did not provide evening meals there were two restaurants in the immediate area. There was a good selection of food for breakfast and the coffee was excellent (as you would expect in Italy). The owners were just about the nicest people you could wish to meet and nothing was too much trouble for them. We still have parts of the lake to explore and will stay in the same hotel when we do so.
by A verified traveler
Nettes HotelPosted Aug 18, 2015
Sehr nett, Zimmer war allerdings sehr klein. Bett 1,40 m und die Matratze hart... sonst alles bestens
by Anders from linköping
utmärktPosted Aug 16, 2015 on Hotels
jättebra hotell med otroligt trevlig personal
by A verified traveler from London, UK
Lovely Family run hotel with a great locationPosted Aug 1, 2015
We were truly made to feel welcome as soon as we stepped through the door, until the moment we left. The flowers for the Ladies coffees in the morning are a lovely touch.
by A verified traveler from Asker, Norge
Flott beliggende hotell rett ved strandenPosted Jul 29, 2015
Pros: Beliggenhet, vertskap, frokostrom, uteområde, stemning
Cons: Litt mer utvalg av pålegg til frokost og noe kaldere AC på rommene hadde gitt full score 😊
Location: Ca 20 minutters gange til Sirmione sentrum med en koselig borg og mange butikker og restauranter. En halv times kjøring til Gardaland.
Veldig koselig familiedrevet hotell rett ved stranden, og ca 20 minutters gange fra Sirmione sentrum. Svært imøtekommende og hyggelig vertskap, koselige rom og fint uteområde. Det var svært varmt da vi besøkte Sirmione og AC på rommet kunne gjerne vært litt kjøligere for optimal komfort på natten. Forøvrig har vi bare gode erfaringer fra våre fem dager som gjester på hotellet.
by Martin from Trondheim
Great hospitality in cosy family-run hotelPosted Jul 27, 2015 on Hotels
From the moment we arrived, the hotel staff was extremely friendly and helpful. The hotel is a charming little family-run hotel with a genuine Italian atmosphere and style. The location is between the shops and city centre in the south, and the old town on the tip of the peninsula in the north. We enjoyed our stay very much, and would recommend it to anyone that wants a quiet place near the water, great restaurants, boat rental and more. A great start of our holiday and one of the best places we stayed. Would come again.
by A verified traveler from Surrey, UK
Great Hosts and Lovely HotelPosted Jul 12, 2015
We had room 9 which had a lovely balcony that overlooked Lake Garda. The setting for the hotel is beautiful as Sergio and his Wife also have the large raised front garden area with comfy relaxing chairs and an area that you can also have breakfast at. There was so much choice at Breakfast and Ladies be prepared for a treat when you receive you cappuccino! We would definitely go back and would recommend this hotel to everyone. You can't go wrong with Sergio and The Belvedere.
by A verified traveler from seattle
Loved This placePosted Jul 4, 2015
Excellent location, views, and service from the owner. Truly relaxing and special place. Would stay a week if we had more time.


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Oh man I haven't done one of these posts since JANUARY of this year soooo I honestly can't remember everything that I've seen since then so I'm going to do my best to recall some stuff.
Movies I Watched
"On the way to meet a publisher, aspiring novelist Sam encounters Rasheen alone on the subway. While struggling to decide whether to send the young boy back to foster care, Sam looks after Rasheen and learns a few important life lessons."
I'm not going to lie I don't really remember WHY I liked this one so much because it's been a while but I REALLY liked this. I rated it 3.5 stars on Netflix sooo I clearly enjoyed it. I will say I thought Josh Radnor was pretty great here. If you like quirky indie rom coms, give this a try! It's no Garden State but it definitely gave me those vibes.
Rating: 4/5


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Italy's Dominik Paris won the first downhill of the men's alpine World Cup season on Saturday, clocking 1min 49.90sec on the Lake Louise Olympic course to edge Austrian Klaus Kroell.
Kroell was second at snowy Lake Louise in 1:49.93, and France's Adrien Theaux was third in 1:50.01.
In a season that will be highlighted by the Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, in February, Kroell's podium finish was an important marker for the 33-year-old skier who had a second operation on his left arm just last month.
The winner of the 2011-12 World Cup downhill globe broke his humerus (upper arm bone) in a fall during the super-G in last season's final weekend of racing at the Swiss resort of Lenzerheide.
After a first surgery in Switzerland, a second operation was needed to remove scar and bone tissue that was compressing a nerve.
Norway's Aksel Lund Svindal, who completed a downhill/super-G double on the same course last year, settled for fourth place, 0.23sec behind the winner.
Svindal will try to regroup for Sunday's super-G -- a discipline in which he has notched four victories on the same piste in the Canadian Rockies.
Paris, 24 and the world championships downhill silver medallist, notched the third World Cup victory of his career.
He earned downhill wins on two of the toughest courses in the world last season, the Stelvio in Bormio and the Streif in Kitzbuehel.
On Saturday he and the rest of the field coped with changing visibility because of the snow that fell with varying intensity during the race.
After a laid-back approach to the pre-race training runs, Paris said, "Today, I attacked."
American Bode Miller, in his first downhill since sitting out all of last season in the wake of knee surgery, finished a respectable 16th, 1.39sec behind the winner.
It was an even more encouraging return to racing for France's Johan Clarey, who missed the world championships in Schladming, Austria, last February after he was injured in a fall while walking near his home.
Clarey, who needed back surgery, finished fifth.


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Rangers Win Again on Field, Stumble Again in Court
Tweak it. Or trash it.
That's the charge from the bankruptcy judge in the Texas Rangers' proposed sale from Tom Hicks to Chuck Greenberg. When the judge decries that the Rangers have to modify their current plan - but not add more money to the deal - it seems like a win for the creditors, right?
In a statement, however, the Rangers say "the investor group led by Chuck Greenberg and Nolan Ryan, is pleased with the Judge's ruling." The lenders, of course, are happy - "We welcome today's developments" - because if the Rangers don't sufficiently alter their current plan they'll get the right to vote (re: nix) the deal down, start from scratch and re-open the team to other bidders like Houston businessman Jim Crane.
Lotta legalese involved here, but the bottom line seems to be this:
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Tom Hicks will screw this team for yet another season.
The trading deadline is July 31. The dream deadline for the Rangers to emerge from bankruptcy and be sold is July 9. Not enough time. Because we all know this thing - turnaround expert or not - will drag out.
"We can operate normally within the budget that was set last fall," says general manager Jon Daniels. "We went into the offseason and the season with the expectation that we were going to be a good club and may want and need to have some ability to upgrade the club. Nothing's changed in that regard."
The good news: Julio Borbon homered and the Rangers beat the Pirates, 6-3, for their ninth consecutive win.
The bad news: Coulda sworn I saw Tom Hicks sitting in the first row at Rangers Ballpark.
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EXCL. PREVIEW: "Hal Jordan & the Green Lantern Corps" #1 Enforces 'Sinestro's Law'
Comic Books
Crime | Police in Amarillo, Texas, are searching for a man who robbed the Big Apple Comics at gunpoint on Tuesday. An employee was locking up the store at about 7:10 p.m. when a man approached him and told him to unlock the doors. The employee resisted, and the robber reportedly drew a semi-automatic pistol and demanded money. The employee handed over an undisclosed amount of cash. [Amarillo Globe-News]
Passings | Zack Davisson, who translated Shigeru Mizuki's works into English for Drawn and Quarterly, pens the definitive obituary of the late manga master, writing not only about his impact on Japanese culture but also his criticism of Japan's actions in World War II and its treatment of disabled veterans, which led writer Jake Adelstein to call him "the Voice of Japan's Conscience." [The Comics Journal]
Scary Go Round, Bad Machinery, and Giant Days webcomics impresario John Allison is throwing down the gauntlet. In his "Manifesto for UK Indie Comics in 2010″, the cartoonist offers some very blunt advice for aspiring comics creators, on everything from content to format to fandom to your personal demeanor as a creator. As is the case with most comics manifestos, there's stuff in it I applaud, stuff in it that's somewhere between a nasty rude awakening and a much-needed kick in the pants, and stuff that makes my skin crawl.
For example, I am generally speaking a diary-comics skeptic, and thus point #7, "Diary comics: stop it," strikes me as advice potentially worth heeding, especially for new cartoonists looking for a way to channel their energies. On the other hand, point #3, "Make comics for people who don't make comics," though it sounds like a good enough idea, basically writes off vast swathes of the medium's best work:
Why is anyone other than your comic making friends and a few select interested parties going to read an art-damaged visual tone-poem about the inside of your psyche? Learn how to engage and entertain people. It's a profoundly useful skill.


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Mercury Dental Fillings
Posted: 07/29/2009 - The Food and Drug Administration is placing tighter safety regulations on the use of mercury dental fillings.
Posted: 07/29/2009 - The Food and Drug Administration is placing tighter safety regulations on the use of mercury dental fillings.
Updated: 07/29/2009 - Kroger has issued a recall for its Country Fresh Pico de gallo and other products because of a possible salmonella threat.
Posted: 07/28/2009 - People who get married... and stay married may enjoy better health.
Posted: 07/28/2009 - According to a new report... the obesity problem is causing the U.S. and obese Americans a fortune.
Updated: 07/27/2009 - Sleep may help new moms shed baby weight.
Updated: 07/27/2009 - The H1N1 flu could end up affecting as many as 40% of Americans over the next two years.
Posted: 07/26/2009 - Sunday, St. Joseph Regional Health Center announced its chest pain center was recertified.
Updated: 07/24/2009 - A California company has issued a nationwide recall on its romaine lettuce after the lettuce tested positive for salmonella in Wisconsin, according to a statement from the company.
Posted: 07/24/2009 - The U.S. government has announced the purchase of approximately 195-million doses of an expected vaccine for the H1N1 virus, also known as swine flu.
Posted: 07/24/2009 - A new study is now confirming what parents have long believed, the more active kids are during the day... the faster they fall asleep at night.
Posted: 07/23/2009 - Texas A&M University has been given a unique $1.4 million grant to study the problem of the addictive nature of cocaine and its affects on the long-term decision making processes.
Posted: 07/23/2009 - According to a new study, men who follow a healthy lifestyle may cut their risk of heart failure in half.
Posted: 07/23/2009 - Researchers may be close to finding a weight loss pill that boosts energy and reduces your chances of developing type two diabetes.
Posted: 07/22/2009 - Seeking to rally support for sweeping health care legislation, President Barack Obama is vowing to reject any measure that's "primarily funded through taxing middle class families."
Posted: 07/22/2009 - When it comes to developing those dreaded "love handles"... young black and Hispanic women are most at risk.
Posted: 07/22/2009 - An apple a day is said to keep the doctor away, but orange juice may get the job done too.
Posted: 07/21/2009 - A brain aneurysm is like a ticking time bomb, a health condition that at a moment's notice can become deadly. Doctors don't always have to perform open surgery to correct the problem. There's a less invasive alternative.
Updated: 07/21/2009 - WASHINGTON – President Barack Obama is defending his relentless campaign for a health care bill before Congress' August recess,
Posted: 07/21/2009 - Americans get ready to be vaccinated for the next flu season.
Posted: 07/21/2009 - The world's population of older people is growing faster than ever and eventually the elderly will outnumber young people for the first time.
Posted: 07/20/2009 - In a Saint Joseph Health Scene report... Researchers for the first time have linked air pollution exposure during pregnancy to lower IQ scores in childhood. The results suggest pollutants can be harmful to the developing brain.
Updated: 07/20/2009 - WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Public support for President Barack Obama's handling of healthcare reform, the pillar of his legislative agenda, has fallen below 50 percent for the first time, a Washington Post-ABC News poll released on Monday said.
Updated: 07/20/2009 - WASHINGTON (AP) - Republican Party Chairman Michael Steele is calling President Barack Obama's plan to overhaul the health care system socialism.
Updated: 07/21/2009 - The Bryan-College Station Chamber of Commerce has unamimously voted to pass a resolution that opposes National Healthcare in the U-S.
Updated: 07/20/2009 - (AP)WASHINGTON – Democrats' health care bills won't meet President Barack Obama's goal of slowing the ruinous rise of medical costs,


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Time has taken refuge in the ancient stones of the fifteenth century house which served as a relay to the pilgrims . A 4 hectares park trees and flowers
Exceptionally well-located (the Camargue, the Cevennes, the sea), the hotel Nimotel welcomes you to its comfortable surroundings.
Overlooking the square of L'Horloge, Hotel de l'Horloge is in a historical building that's 50 meters from the Pope's Palace and approximately 50 miles
Half way between Grenoble and Chambery, the hotel Express by Holiday Inn Grenoble-Bernin is located about 16 km from the slopes of the ski resort: Les
Built in 2009, This Charming, Modern Aparthotel Comprises 84 Apartments For 1-3 Persons and is Faithful To the Charter of Quality and Standing of the National
The Castle Was Rebuilt in 1525 But Dates Back To 1031. It Binds the Architecture of the Troubled Times of the Middle Ages To the New Lifestyle of the Renaissance.
The Residence Has an Outdoor Car Park.
The hotel has 30 rooms with ensuite bathroom with shower or bath, satellite TV and telephone. Off-premises parking.
It Offers the Opportunity To Stay Nearby Grenoble Train Station and World Trade Center in a Contempory and Design Style. It Welcomes Clients 24h and Provides
Atel Le Louvre is located at 89 Avenue Frederic Mistral, 17 miles from Avignon Airport, 28 miles from Nimes Garon Airport, and 62 miles from Marseille
Select your destination in Malataverne France. Browse thousands of listings for accommodations, adventures, tours and travel services.


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Great place to stay when visiting Denali. We had one of the log cabins (Splatter Rock) which was towards the back of the property, so no road noises. The shared area is good with books and things to do and wifi. Communal washroom/shower area is clean and warm. The little cabin was cute and comfortable. Staff are very friendly as were other guests. For those who don't arrive with their own transport, they run a minibus to and from the Wilderness Access Center (about 12 miles down the highway) twice in the morning and twice in the afternoon. When we were heading back to get the train out however, the manager Ali kindly dropped us down at the railroad station further on which was a great help as we had a lot of luggage. Excellent value compared to other accommodation in the area.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- A beautiful setting on a creek. Private cabins, private rooms, hostel beds and wall-tents. 13 miles from the park entrance, but with a free shuttle service. The only way to see Denali on a budget. The hostel is clean, the staff is super-friendly and helpful and we offer discounted prices on local tours and transportation. We are the source for the lowest cost tickets for the Alaska Railroad and sell tickets for The Park Connection Motorcoach. And we offer the lowest prices on nearly all the local tours. We look forward to serving you! ... more less
- Also Known As:
- Denali Mountain Morning Hotel Denali National Park And Preserve