text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 14, 1986
|Filing date
|Apr 15, 1982
|Priority date
|Apr 15, 1982
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard C. Chandler, Lutfi H. Amra
|Original Assignee
|Kennecott Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (54), Classifications (25), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
MOLTEN METAL TRANSFER DEVICE, patent application Ser. No. 368,703, filed concurrently by R. E. Gilbert et al, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,47,315, here the "Shot Pump Patent."
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the production of carbon articles used in high temperature applications and, more specifically, to a technique for treating carbon articles to minimize corrosion and wear upon contact with high temperature fluids.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Carbons and graphites have been used in elevated temperature applications due to the exceptional properties that these materials exhibit at high temperature. For convenience, these carbonaceous materials hereafter will be referred to collectively as "graphite." The structural strength of articles made from graphite can be maintained through a broad range of elevated temperatures. The terms "high temperature" and "elevated temperature" as used herein refer to temperatures generally within a range of approximately 500�-1000� C. The strength of articles made from graphite actually increases as temperature is elevated. Articles made from graphite have been used in many high temperature applications such as electrodes (both for gouging operations and for electric arc furnaces), furnace liners, and other parts which require refractory characteristics such as crucibles for molten metal, molten metal filters, and molten metal pumps. More recently, graphite articles have been used in a broad range of jet engine and aeronautical applications such as high temperature seals.
A problem with the use of graphite in elevated temperature applications is that graphite, when in contact with air, is susceptible to corrosion as a result of high temperature oxidation. The terms "corrosion" and "oxidation" will be used interchangeably hereinafter to indicate a chemical change in the graphite wherein the carbon atoms are combined with oxygen. Corrosion causes graphite articles to deteriorate rapidly, thus requiring relatively frequent replacement with the attendant high cost thereof. In addition to corrosion problems, graphite articles brought into contact with moving molten metals or other high temperature fluids are subject to wear caused by the movement of the fluids over the surface of the articles. The abrasive action of the high temperature fluids likewise causes relatively frequent replacement of the articles which is, of course, also associated with high costs.
Many attempts have been made to diminish or correct the problems of corrosion and wear of graphite articles in high temperature applications. One known approach to the oxidation and erosion problems has employed a thin coating of silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon oxicarbide (SiOC) formed on the surface of the graphite articles. Silicon carbide and silicon oxicarbide coatings are noted for their high abrasion-resistant characteristics.
A chemical vapor deposition technique for silicon carbide is described in E. L. Kern, et al, Fabricating SiC Parts By Chemical Vapor Deposition, Solid State Research, Dow Corning Corporation, Hemlock, Mich. (approximately 1968), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In the referenced chemical vapor deposition technique of Dow Corning, after heating the graphite article, silicon carbide is deposited on the surface of the article by contact of gaseous chemicals such as alkylchlorosilanes and hydrogen. The combined gases decompose on the surface of the article and react with the surface layer of carbon atoms to provide a high quality silicon carbide layer integrally formed with the surface of the article itself. Temperatures on the order of 1150�-1250� C. have been found suitable for forming layers of silicon carbide.
Unfortunately, the experience with graphite articles coated in the foregoing fashion has been that the coating tends to flake off the base material, thus exposing the base material to oxidation. Furthermore, the process of coating by itself changes the shape of the article, requiring expensive grinding of the very hard coating to maintain tolerance. Furthermore, the chemical vapor deposition technique described by Kern requires the use of isotropic graphite in molded shape, which is several times as expensive as extruded graphite.
In order to avoid cracking of the coating when subjected to thermal shock, it has been suggested that the correct approach is to first coat the graphite article with a thin layer of either silicon carbide or silicon oxicarbide followed by coating the article with a glaze. The parameters for the glaze have been that (a) it should have a coefficient of thermal expansion as close to that of the graphite article as possible, (b) that none of the constituents of the glaze should react with carbon, silicon carbide, or silicon oxicarbide in the temperature range for which the article is to be used, and (c) that the glaze should adhere well to the coating of either silicon carbide or silicon oxicarbide. Glazes that have been suggested are combinations of fluorides of the alkali or alkaline earth metals, either alone or in further combination with oxides of boron, silicon, aluminum, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium or zirconium. The intended purpose of the glaze is to mechanically fill in the pores which occur in both the graphite substrate and in the silicon carbide or silicon oxicarbide coating. A problem inherent with this sort of a glaze is that, although it might be sufficient to prevent oxidation at elevated temperatures, it does not deal with the wear problem. Also, it adds the concern of having a coating on the exterior of the graphite article which may be reactive with high temperature fluids.
An especially effective technique has been discovered for forming a coating of silicon carbide on the surface of a graphite crucible in order to enable pure silicon to be melted in the crucible for contamination-free crystallization. Although it is believed that this technique has not been used in combination with a protective glaze to eliminate the cracking problem, it nevertheless should be effective in reducing problems associated with thermal shock in silicon carbide coatings. French Pat. No. 1,388,539 discloses a crucible composed of graphite wherein the inner surface of the crucible is transformed into silicon carbide by way of a multi-step process. The crucible first is elevated in temperature to 1300� C. for a short period of time. Then hydrogen and trichlorosilicane gases are introduced into the crucible. This causes the formation of silicon on the surface of the graphite. Next, the temperature is elevated to 1420� C. where the silicon begins to melt. Then the temperature is lowered to 1300� C. and maintained there for a short period of time while the hydrogen and trichlorosilicane gases are continued to be circulated through the chamber. Again the temperature is raised to 1420� C., causing the silicon to remelt. The temperature then is lowered again to 1300� C. Then, again, the temperature is increased for a third time to 1420� C. All of this causes a uniform melting of the silicon deposit on the graphite. Finally, the temperature of the crucible is raised slightly above 2000� C., bringing the graphite up to the white heat stage, where it is held for about one minute. At this point, the silicon reacts with the graphite substrate to form a zone of silicon carbide. Since the crucible has been maintained continuously at relatively uniform elevated temperatures, there is reduced concern with cracking or flaking of the silicon carbide surface caused by thermal shock. Nevertheless, in spite of the relatively high quality silicon carbide resulting from the use of this technique, it still does not completely address the problem of oxidation of the graphite substrate. Also, the surface tolerances of the finished product render it largely unsuitable for use in environments employing closely mating parts.
One approach to the oxidation problem calls for the application of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) compounds or magnesium phosphate (Mg3 (PO4)2) compounds to graphite bodies to mechanically fill, or impregnate, the pores, thus reducing the propensity of the graphite to oxidize at elevated temperatures. For example, several formulations have been suggested for developing aluminum phosphate compounds which can act as impregnants; however, the molar ratio of aluminum oxide (Al2 O3) to phosphorus oxide (P2 O5) in the aluminum phosphate compounds must be between about 0.2:1 and 0.8:1. A distinction has been made between aluminum phosphate and aluminum phosphate dissolved in acidic solution because aluminum phosphate, as such, actually exerts a catalytic effect on the oxidation rate of graphite and other carbonaceous materials at temperatures in excess of 500� C.
Yet another anti-oxidation technique carries on the concept of using aluminum phosphate compounds, as distinguished from pure aluminum phosphate, in coating graphite articles. This technique employs a compound called "calcium aluminum oxyphosphate." The compound is formed by the interaction of calcium, aluminum, and oxyphosphate-containing compounds which react to form a compound having calcium oxide (CaO), aluminum oxide (Al2 O3), and phosphorus oxide (P2 O5). The calcium aluminum oxyphosphate compound is brushed or sprayed onto the surface of the graphite article or the graphite article is soaked in the compound.
The foregoing techniques, which employ various acidic solutions of aluminum phosphate, as distinguished from only aluminum phosphate, all have served to increase to one degree or another the oxidation resistance of graphite articles at elevated temperatures. However, the increase has not been sufficient to significantly alter the economics involved with frequent replacements of these graphite articles. Importantly, none of the foregoing anti-oxidizing techniques has adequately dealt with the erosion problem caused by high temperature fluids coming into contact with the graphite articles.
A more recent approach is directed toward diminishing or eliminating the detrimental effects of oxidation of graphite articles, as well as to providing good erosion resistance. This more recent approach employs an aluminum coating chemically bonded to a graphite article by means of a metal carbide interface, the metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium and hafnium. The interfacial layer of metal carbide is synthesized in situ in the presence of aluminum, thereby effecting a strong bond between the aluminum and the carbon via the metal carbide interface. The advantage of this technique is that the aluminum is chemically bonded to the carbon, rather than mechanically. Accordingly, the graphite articles thus coated are useful in applications such as furnace electrodes where graphite articles having coatings of mechanically coated aluminum would not be suitable. Nevertheless, the principal uses of the technique are for bonding graphite articles together or for bonding a graphite article to another article. Even though the combination of aluminum and the metal carbide interfacial layer serves to enhance the oxidation resistance characteristics of the graphite article, the resistance to wear of the graphite article is not as great as desired.
In spite of the advances of prior art techniques as described previously for attempting to eliminate the problems of corrosion and wear in graphite articles, there still is a need for improvements in the corrosion and wear resistance characteristics of graphite articles, particularly when those articles are brought into contact with a flow of fluids at elevated temperatures in the presence of air.
The present invention provides a new and improved technique for the production of corrosion and wear resistant graphite articles wherein the articles can be rendered substantially resistant to both corrosion, in the form of oxidation, and wear created by the flow of elevated temperature fluids In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the surface of a graphite article is converted to silicon carbide and then is treated with aluminum phosphate, infiltrated into both the carbonaceous substrate and the silicon carbide overcoat, to form a corrosion and wear resistant stratum which protects the pure carbon inner core of the graphite article at greatly elevated temperatures for sustained periods of time. The mechanism by which the invention functions is not known for certain. The extremely hard silicon carbide which forms the exposed surface is extremely resistant to the effects of fluid erosion, while the carbonaceous interior of the article is protected from attack.
Treated graphite articles according to the invention are produced by machining commercially available extruded or molded graphite material into a desired article shape. After heating the article, silicon carbide is formed on the surface of the article by contact with gaseous chemicals such as alkylchlorosilanes and hydrogen. The combined gases react with the surface of the article and provide a high quality silicon carbide layer. Temperatures on the order of 1150�-1250� C. have been found suitable for forming zones of silicon carbide.
Subsequent to the formation of the silicon carbide zones, the graphite articles are heated at low temperature for an extended period of time in order to drive off all moisture. These articles are placed in a chamber evacuated to about 27-30 inches of water. The vacuum is maintained for about three hours at room temperature.
While maintaining the vacuum, aluminum phosphate (ALPO4) in an acid solution is introduced into the chamber until the articles are covered. The chamber is pressurized to about 90 psig for about three hours. Thereafter, the solution is drained and the articles are heated in an autoclave for an extended period of time at atmospheric pressure at about 400� C. After removal from the autoclave and cooling to room temperature, the articles are ready for use.
Graphite articles subjected to the treatment according to the invention are adaptable in particular to molten metal pumps used in the metal casting industry such as those disclosed in the Shot Pump Patent. Other applications include parts of various equipment exposed to the flow of molten metals, as well as those objects exposed to the flow of other elevated temperature gases and liquids such as, for example, jet engine parts and sub-assemblies. The treatment process can be utilized on a broad range of various graphite articles and is not confined to articles which are composed only of those carbons whose coefficient of thermal expansion is the same in all directions and closely matches the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon carbide. No thermal shock problems, such as surface cracking or flaking, have been observed with the articles treated with the process. Tests have indicated that, in comparison to untreated graphite articles, the impregnation of aluminum phosphate increases corrosion and wear resistance by about four times. When silicon carbide-treated graphite articles were tested in air at about 760� C. for 24 hours, the corrosion and wear resistance was increased only by about 1.5 times over untreated graphite. When articles produced in accordance with the invention were tested, however, the corrosion and wear resistance of the articles was increased by more than 20 times over untreated graphite, a most unusual and unexpected result.
The foregoing and other features and advantages, and a thorough understanding of the invention, may be had by referring to the following description and claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a molten metal pump employing graphite parts produced in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view, partly in cross-section, taken along a plane indicated by line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a graphite ring produced in accordance with the invention, a portion of the ring being cut away and displaced to one side of the ring;
FIG. 4 is an end elevational view of the sectioned face of the cut away portion of the ring shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of a graphite article, the photograph illustrating the article at a magnification of 100 times;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, in which the magnification is 700 times;
FIG. 7 is a view of a graphite article treated with silicon carbide, the photograph being taken near the surface of the article and at a magnification of 1,000 times;
FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph of a graphite article treated with aluminum phosphate, the photograph being taken near the surface of the article and at a magnification of 700 times;
FIG. 9 is a photomicrograph of a graphite article treated by a process in accordance with the invention, the photograph having been taken from the outer surface of a sample as indicated in FIG. 4 at a magnification of 700 times;
FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9, but at a magnification of 1,800 times;
FIGS. 11 and 12 are photomicrographs similar to FIG. 9 taken at a location as indicated in FIG. 4 at a magnification of 700 times; and,
FIG. 13 is a photomicrograph similar to FIGS. 9, 11, and 12 taken at a location as indicated in FIG. 4 at a magnification of 700 times.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a molten metal pump 10 is shown. The pump 10 is of the type used for transferring quantities of molten aluminum for various purposes. The pump 10 employs some parts formed of graphite treated in accordance with the process according to the invention. The mechanical features of the pump 10 are known in the art and, by themselves, do not form a part of the present invention. Certain of the mechanical features of the pump 10 are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,078,706 and the Shot Pump Patent, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The pump 10 includes a bath 12 within which metals such as aluminum may be heated to a molten state and maintained in that condition for subsequent use in a casting process. The upper surface of the molten aluminum is indicated in FIG. 2 by the numeral 14. A molten metal metering and transfer device 20 is shown seated in the bath 12. The device 20 includes an elongate cylinder 22 which forms a cylindrical chamber 24. The cylinder 22 is formed of graphite treated in accordance with the process as described more fully subsequently.
The cylinder 22 has an open top 26 and an open bottom 28, with the bottom 28 extending into the molten metal and the open top 26 extending out of the bath 12. The cylinder 22 is seated in the bath 12 such that the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 22 extends substantially perpendicular to the surface of the molten metal. The upper portion of the cylinder 22 is enlarged to define a shoulder against which a ring 30 is engaged. The ring 30 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. The ring 30 rests on an apertured support rail 32 which extends across the bath 12 and rests on the upper edges of the side walls forming the bath 12.
An entry port, or aperture 34, is formed in the lower side wall of the cylinder 22 and is shown in FIG. 2. The entry port 34 extends partially below and partially above the surface 14 of the molten metal when the cylinder 22 is seated in the bath 12 so that molten metal from the bath 12 can enter the chamber 24. A refractory tube 36 extends outwardly from the cylinder 22 near the open top 26 to permit molten metal to be discharged from the chamber 24. A conduit 38 connects the exit tube 36 with a so-called shot sleeve 40.
The device 20 also includes vertically extending frame members 42, 44. The frame members 42, 44 are secured at one end to the rail 32 and are secured at the other end to each other by means of a cross bar 46. A hydraulic cylinder 48 extends upwardly from the cross bar 46 and includes a plunger rod 50 extending through an opening (not shown) in the cross bar 46 downwardly into the chamber 22. The plunger rod 50 is guided in its excursion by a brace 52 having apertures through which the members 42, 44 and the plunger rod 50 extend. The brace 52 is secured in position relative to the plunger rod 50 by means of a collar 54 secured to the plunger rod 50 at approximately its midpoint.
A piston, or bucket 60, is connected to the plunger rod 50 at that end of the plunger rod 50 remote from the cylinder 48. The piston 60 is a cup-like structure having an upwardly extending cylindrical wall 62 within which a vertically extending slot 64 is formed. As will be apparent from an examination of FIG. 2, when the piston 60 is lowered to that position shown in FIG. 2, molten metal will be permitted to flow into the piston 60 and will be contained within the wall 62. Metal enters the piston 60 by passing through the entry port 34. Upon raising the piston 60 to an uppermost position by activation of the hydraulic cylinder 48, the slot 64 eventually will be raised to a vertical location adjacent the exit tube 36. Molten metal carried upwardly within the piston 60 then will flow outwardly of the piston through the slot 64 and outwardly of the cylinder 22 into the tube 36, the conduit 38, and the shot sleeve 40.
The cylinder 22, the ring 30, the tube 36, and the piston 60 are formed of graphite treated in accordance with the present invention. Referring now to FIGS. 3-13, a description of the process and articles produced in accordance therewith will be described.
The starting material for preparation of articles according to the invention is commercially available extruded or molded graphite machined as is known in the art to a surface finish about 125 microinch. An acceptable grade of extruded graphite has been sold under the mark HLM by the Great Lakes Carbon Corporation of Niagara Falls, N.Y. The HLM extruded graphite has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.8�10-6 in./in./�F. with the grain, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 3.15�10-6 in./in./�F. against the grain. The density is 1.68 gm/cc, and the flexural strength is 2400-4400 psi depending on size of the product.
An acceptable molded graphite material has been marketed by the Stackpole Corporation under the designation 20--20. The material has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 3.2�10-6 in./in./�F. with the grain, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 3.8�10-6 in./in.�F. against the grain. The density is 1.77 gm/cc, and the flexural strength is 5500 psi with the grain, and 4800 psi against the grain.
After the graphite has been machined to the desired shape and surface finish, it is ready for the formation of a silicon carbide zone. The exact technique by which the silicon carbide zone is formed is thought to be important to optimum implementation of the invention. The chemical vapor deposition technique described in French Pat. No. 1,388,539 is carried out and is continued until the silicon carbide zone extends to a depth within the range of 0.035-0.045 inch. Subsequent to the formation of the silicon carbide zone, the articles are allowed to cool to room temperature.
The articles thus treated are impregnated with aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) as follows:
1. The articles are dried in a heated environment for approximately eight hours at about 105� C.
2. The articles are loaded in a container and placed in a chamber.
3. The chamber is evacuated to about 27-30 inches of water.
4. The vacuum is maintained for about three hours at room temperature.
5. While maintaining the vacuum, a solution containing aluminum phosphate is introduced into the chamber until the articles are covered. The solution is prepared by dissolving pure aluminum in hydrochloric and monobasic phosphoric acids to obtain a specific gravity of 1.2�0.16 grams/cc.
6. The chamber is pressurized to about 90 psig for about three hours.
7. The aluminum phosphate solution is drained from the chamber.
8. The articles are left in the chamber for approximately two to three hours to completely drain any excess solution.
9. The container within which the articles are disposed is removed from the chamber and placed in an autoclave.
10. The articles are heated in the autoclave from room temperature to about 400� C. over the course of about eight hours at atmospheric pressure. Volatiles in the aluminum phosphate solution are driven off, leaving behind substantially pure aluminum phosphate distributed throughout.
11. Once the autoclave attains approximately 400� C., that temperature is maintained for another three hours.
12. The autoclave is opened and the articles are permitted to cool to room temperature.
13. After attaining room temperature, the articles are ready for use in high temperature environments.
Oxidation tests have been conducted on treated HLM grade extruded graphite. The graphite was machined to a cylinder three inches long by three inches outside diameter by two inches inside diameter. The tests were conducted by heating the cylinder at an elevated temperature in the presence of air for 24 hours and measuring the weight loss as an indication of oxidation. The test results are summarized below:
TABLE 1______________________________________OXIDATION TESTSTest Temper- Time of Test Material Percentature (�C.) (Hours) Treatment Oxidation______________________________________760 24 Graphite + ALPO4 31790 24 Graphite + Silicon 28 Carbide790 24 Graphite + Silicon 10 Carbide + ALPO4______________________________________
Additional tests in molten aluminum were conducted using actual pumps as described earlier. The cylinder 22 and the bucket 60 were composed essentially of graphite and specially processed graphite and were tested until destroyed by oxidation and wear which made the pumps inoperable. Several pumps were assembled and tested in molten aluminum to verify life and method of material failure. The pumps were operated continuously until failure. Actual testing consisted of lifting metal upwardly in measured weights and pouring the metal into a trought to be recycled for further use. The test results are summarized below in Table 2:
TABLE 2______________________________________SERVICE TESTSNo. of LifeTests Material Failure Hours Cycles______________________________________1 Graphite, HLM extruded oxidation 70 1,1001 Graphite impregnated oxidation 150 4,730 once with aluminum phosphate1 Graphite impregnated wear and 168 7,600 twice with aluminum oxidation phosphate1 Graphite impregnated oxidation, 168 15,000 with aluminum phosphate SiC zone then reacted to form discon- .015 in, SiC zone tinuous2 Graphite reacted to oxidation 600 50,000 form .035 � .005 in. SiC zone, then impreg- nated with aluminum phosphate______________________________________
Table 2 lists tests of metering pumps to determine their longevity in molten aluminum at 680��25� C. The data in Table 2 compare various forms of graphite. The processed material according to the invention protected the surface of soft graphite with a hard adhered porous silicon carbide refractory and impregnated such material with a high temperature impregnant such as aluminum phosphate. The aluminum phosphate had a specific graphity of 1.20�0.15 grams/cc at 25� C.
The tests of metering pumps clearly demonstrated that using untreated commercial graphite in constructing metering pumps resulted in short life which rendered the pumps non-commercial as shown in Table 2. However, materials according to the invention have made it possible to construct essential parts of high temperature pumps and extend the life of these pumps several hundred hours to become commercial products. Although the mechanism of reducing oxidation was not fully understood, the effect in reducing oxidation at 600�-800� C. of composite graphite appears to be related to the protection of graphite with a more inert and stable refractory, the inclusion of oxidation retardant compounds, and reducing the surface area for oxygen penetration through silicon carbide.
FIGS. 3-13 illustrate in more detail the structure of articles produced in accordance with the invention. The border about the periphery of the sectioned piece in FIGS. 3 and 4 indicates the depth to which the silicon carbide layer extends, approximately 0.035 inch to 0.045 inch.
FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of an untreated graphite article at a magnification of 100 times. The structure is quite porous. Numerous openings can be seen, representative ones being identified by the reference numeral 60. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, in which the magnification has been increased to 700 times.
FIG. 7 is a view of a graphite article treated only with silicon carbide, the photograph being taken near the surface of the article and at a magnification of 1,000 times. The silicon carbide appears as a shale-like formation, representative ones being identified by the reference numeral 62. In comparison to the article of FIGS. 5 and 6, the porosity is considerably reduced, although it is by no means a porosity-free structure.
FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph of a graphite article treated only with aluminum phosphate, the photograph being taken near the surface of the article at a magnification of 700 times. The porosity of the graphite is not appreciably affected as indicated by the openings 60. Particles of aluminum phosphate appear as the light-colored, generally oval structures indicated by the reference numerals 64. The particles 64 appear to be uniformly distributed throughout the graphite substrate.
FIG. 9 is a photomicrograph of a graphite article treated by a process in accordance with the invention, the photograph having been taken from the other surface of a sample as indicated in FIG. 4 at a magnification of 700 times. In a manner similar to the sample of FIG. 7, the product appears to have relatively few porous openings 60. The silicon carbide formations 62 appear to have been uniformly formed in zones to protect the graphite, and the aluminum phosphate particles 64 apparently are randomly dispersed. FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9, but at a magnification of 1,800 times. Again, the particles of aluminum phosphate 64 appear to be randomly distributed. The shale-like formations 62 at the uper left and lower left of the FIGURE appear to be silicon carbide.
FIGS. 11 and 12 are photomicrographs similar to FIG. 9 taken at a location as indicated in FIG. 4 at a magnification of 700 times. The porosity is greater than near the surface, although some shale-like formations 62 indicative of silicon carbide interlocked with graphite can be seen. Again, particles of aluminum phosphate 64 appear to be randomly. distributed throughout the structure.
FIG. 13 is a photomicrograph similar to FIGS. 9, 11, and 12 taken at a location indicated in FIG. 4 at a magnification of 700 times. A comparison of FIG. 13 with FIG. 8 indicates many similarities. Apparently, the silicon carbide zone has not penetrated to beyond a depth of about 0.040 in., and yet the aluminum phosphate particles 64 still appear to be randomly distributed within the graphite.
Based on the foreoing FIGURES, it seems apparent that the aluminum phosphate particles 64 do not function to completely seal the apparently porous silicon carbide layer. Nevertheless, the number of openings 60 is thought to be reduced somewhat due to the presence of the aluminum phosphate particles 64. In addition, it is thought that the aluminum phosphate particles 64 may act as a "getter," leaving the graphite substrate unoxidized. Regardless of the exact mechanism by which the graphite articles withstand attack in an oxidizing and/or erosion environment, the articles stand up exceedingly well compared with previous graphite articles, as has been indicated.
Although the invention in its preferred embodiment has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it will be appreciated that various changes and modifications can be made. Accordingly, it is intended that the patent shall cover, by suitable expression in the appended claims, all such changes and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. It also is intended that the patent shall cover all features of patentable novelty which exist in the invention disclosed.
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|Molten metal pump components
|Aug 9, 2010
|Sep 17, 2013
|Paul V. Cooper
|Rotary degasser and rotor therefor
|May 12, 2011
|Dec 24, 2013
|Paul V. Cooper
|Launder transfer insert and system
|Sep 8, 2010
|May 6, 2014
|Paul V. Cooper
|Molten metal pump filter
|Jan 31, 2013
|Jun 17, 2014
|Paul V. Cooper
|System and method for degassing molten metal
|Mar 14, 2013
|Apr 21, 2015
|Paul V. Cooper
|Ladle with transfer conduit
|Mar 12, 2013
|Apr 28, 2015
|Paul V. Cooper
|Transferring molten metal using non-gravity assist launder
|Jan 28, 2013
|May 19, 2015
|Paul V. Cooper
|Gas-transfer foot
|Mar 8, 2013
|Jul 14, 2015
|Paul V. Cooper
|Shaft and post tensioning device
|Sep 10, 2010
|Aug 18, 2015
|Paul V. Cooper
|Immersion heater for molten metal
|Mar 13, 2013
|Oct 13, 2015
|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
|Molten metal transfer system and rotor
|Mar 13, 2013
|Dec 8, 2015
|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
|Transfer well system and method for making same
|Aug 22, 2013
|May 3, 2016
|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
|Rotary degassers and components therefor
|Apr 17, 2015
|Jun 28, 2016
|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
|Tensioning device extending beyond component
|Sep 15, 2013
|Jul 5, 2016
|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
|Rotary degasser and rotor therefor
|Dec 21, 2012
|Jul 5, 2016
|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
|Transferring molten metal from one structure to another
|Apr 21, 2004
|Oct 28, 2004
|Goodrich Corporation
|Oxidation inhibition of carbon-carbon composites
|Dec 22, 2005
|Jul 5, 2007
|Mazany Anthony M
|Oxidation inhibition of carbon-carbon composites
|Oct 29, 2009
|Cooper Paul V
|Gas transfer foot
|Nov 16, 2009
|Mar 4, 2010
|Goodrich Corporation
|Oxhidation inhibition of carbon-carbon composites
|Mar 4, 2010
|Goodrich Corporation
|Oxhidation inhibition of carbon-carbon composites
|Oct 21, 2010
|Goodrich Corporation
|Oxidation inhibition of carbon-carbon composites
|Feb 20, 2014
|Aug 28, 2014
|Altria Client Services Inc.
|Electronic smoking article
|U.S. Classification
|428/328, 428/699, 427/249.15, 428/323, 222/590, 428/408, 222/385, 427/250, 428/698
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 10, 1986
Owner name: KENNECOTT CORPORATION, 20600 CHAGRIN BLVD., CLEVEL
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:CHANDLER, RICHARD C.;AMRA, LUTFI H.;REEL/FRAME:004494/0419
Effective date: 19860106
|Jul 21, 1986
Owner name: KENNECOTT CORPORATION, 20600 CHAGRIN BLVD., CLEVEL
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:CHANDLER, RICHARD C.;AMRA, LUTFI H.;REEL/FRAME:004578/0123
Effective date: 19830323
|Jun 25, 1987
Owner name: KENNECOTT MINING CORPORATION
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:KENNECOTT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004815/0036
Effective date: 19870220
Owner name: STEMCOR CORPORATION, 200 PUBLIC SQUARE, CLEVELAND,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KENNECOTT MINING CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004815/0091
Effective date: 19870320
|Mar 22, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 28, 1994
Owner name: CARBORUNDUM COMPANY, THE, NEW YORK
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME EFFECTIVE DATE 04-12-88;ASSIGNOR:STEMCOR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:006856/0053
Effective date: 19880412
|May 24, 1994
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 16, 1994
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 27, 1994
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19941019


text:
African Americans, Eco-Resistance, and Eco-Inequity
Growing up African American in Queens, New York, I had access to the outdoors in many ways — a unique benefit for many African-American children. From childhood, I frequently attended ball games at the Mets' Shea Stadium, and Brookville Park was quickly accessible on foot or by bike from my home in Rosedale. At both places, I benefited from sunshine and recreation. There, I did not have to worry about resistance or violence. But for many African Americans, access to outdoor and recreational space, including parks, has been complex. My own scholarship has been a study of eco-resistance and violence in green spaces by and against African Americans.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
COLUMBUS, Ohio -- The Columbus Blue Jackets are making changes to their roster -- and center Todd Marchant is no longer a part of the team's plans.
Marchant, signed as a free agent in 2003, was put on waivers Wednesday. Marchant had only 12 goals and 31 assists in 95 games for Columbus. He is signed through the 2008-2009 season at around $2.5
million per year.
The move was made because the Blue Jackets need to
clear space under the NHL salary cap after they acquired center
Sergei Fedorov and a fifth-round pick in the 2006 draft from
Anaheim on Tuesday.
The club also recalled forwards Alexandre Picard and Ben Simon from its American Hockey League affiliate in Syracuse and sent down forwards Jaroslav Balastik and Mike Rupp.
Picard was the Blue Jackets' first pick, eighth overall, in the 2004 entry draft and is playing in his first professional season.
Simon has four goals and five assists in 13 games at Syracuse. He has appeared in 68 career NHL games with the Atlanta Thrashers.
Rupp was acquired by the Blue Jackets from Phoenix last month and has appeared in 12 games with Columbus this season. Balastik has played in 16 games this season split between the Blue Jackets and Syracuse.


text:
Are Drivers of Air-Bag-Equipped Cars More Aggressive? A Test of the Offsetting Behavior Hypothesis
An increasing number of researchers have hypothesized that regulatory attempts to improve automotive safety through product design would be at least partially offset by driver behavioral changes. This article analyzes two independent data sets to test whether differences in driver behavior exist between cars equipped with air bags and those not so equipped. An analysis of an insurance industry generated data set reveals that relative injury claims increase following adoption of an air bag system. Since there is no indication that the increase diminishes over time, the results appear to be attributable to offsetting behavior as opposed to a sorting of auto buyers. Analyses of 1993 Virginia State Police accident reports indicate that air-bag-equipped cars tend to be driven more aggressively and that aggressiveness appears to offset the effect of the air bag for the driver and increases the risk of death to others. Copyright 1995 by the University of Chicago.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Volume (Year): 38 (1995)
Issue (Month): 2 (October)
Pages: 251-64
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JLE/
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text:
Reload the page and try again.
Academic Flexibility:
They only offer part time from 9-3, which is fine. I just had to change my work schedule around. Not a big deal.
Overall Experience:
Everyone is so nice and I feel confident going into this industry.
Overall Experience:
Class sizes are the right size and not too big. Everyone is really nice.
Online Courses:
No online courses at Raphael's, but the one a Tri-c was okay. The teacher is very unorganized though and she keeps changing due dates.
Student Body:
It is a diverse community and everyone gets along. Only have seen females.
Tuition & Financial Aid:
The lady at the admissions desk helped me out so much with filing for financial aid and giving me options of what I can do to pay for my school (e.g. loans, scholarships)
Academic Experience:
Normal workload. As long as you study and come to school you will pass.
Academic Experience:
Always an instructor there for you when working on a client. Always time to learn new things, work on clients, and study for state board.
Campus Resources:
There is a lot of hands on in the school. They give you all the tools and resources that you need to graduated and feel ready for the real world.
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text:
Quick Links
The department is housed in the Green Music Center and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Hall.
Chanticleer in Sonoma
Audition Request Form
Current Class Schedule
Performing Ensembles
Request Concert Brochure
Green Music Center Concerts
Summer Wind Band Conducting Symposium
Audition Days
Once you have applied to the university you can schedule an Audition to become a Music Major on one of the Department of Music Audition Days.
- November 5, 2016
- January 14, 2017
- April 1, 2017
Read all about it on our Apply - Become an SSU Music Major page.
As a fully invested partner in music education, the department's outreach initiatives, festivals and invitationals annually bring 2,500 secondary school students, teachers and guests to the campus.
- Oct. 13, 2016 5th Annual Jazz Day
- Nov. 4, 2016 15th Annual Choral Festival
- Jan. 27-28, 2017 Sonoma County Honor Band
- Feb. 2-4, 2017 Nor-Cal Honor Band and Choir Festival
- Mar. 9-10, 2017 5th Annual Wind Band & Orchestra Festival
Music News
Kevin Sedatole of Michigan State mentors a participant at the 4th annual Wind Band Conducting Symposium
Ensemble Auditions for Fall 2016
Complete information regarding the Fall 2016 audition process for the Sonoma State University Symphonic Wind Ensemble and Symphony Orchestra is now available! CLICK HERE for further information, excerpts, and scale sheets.
Opera Auditions for Mozart's The Magic Flute CLICK HERE
For Jazz Program audition information, CLICK HERE.
Music Department Concerts Are Always FREE to SSU Students With ID.
From Sonoma to Reno
Seven music majors have been selected to play in the Intercollegiate Band at the Western/Northwestern Division Conference of the College Band Directors National Association at the University of Reno, NV. Story here
Featured Events
Eliyahu Sills and Qadim Ensemble open the Jewish Music Series on Sep. 1
Jewish Music Series Enters Season 2
The Jewish Studies program and Department of Music will present the second annual Jewish Music Series from Sep. 1- Dec. 1 in Schroeder Hall. Admission is free. Unless noted, performances begin at 6:30 pm. Info: (707) 664-2324
Sep. 1 Eliyahu Sills & Qadim Ensemble - Middle Eastern/Mizrachi/Sephardic
Sep. 15 Frank London, trumpet (Klezmatics) with Glenn Hartman, accordion & poet Jake Marmer (5:30 pm)
Sep. 29 Ben Goldberg, clarinet & Invisible Guy trio - The Origins of Radical Jewish Culture
Nov. 3 Jeanette Lewicki & The Gonifs - Yiddish/Klezmer
Nov. 17 Stephen Saxon, Cantorial solosit
Dec. 1 Anthony Russell, vocalist & Veretski Pass - Spirituals from the Shtetl, Davening from the Delta
Meet Our New Studio Instructors in Viola, Double Bass and Organ
Follow all of our NEWS
Spring Season


text:
Family Practitioner, Primary Care Doctor
7 years of experience
Video profile
7 years of experience
Video profile
Eastside Park
1025 Pennock Pl
Fort Collins, CO 80524 Phone number & directions
1025 Pennock Pl
Fort Collins, CO 80524 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. David Williams:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Have you visited Dr. Williams? Share your experience.
Write a Review
Write a Review
Prepare before visiting Dr. Williams
Food Allergies Patient Guide Learn all about food allergies and allergic reactions by reading our Vitals patient education guide.Before Visiting Dr. Williams Learn More
Specialties & Research
Dr. David Williams, MD is board certified in Family Medicine.
- He has special expertise in 1 area:
- Holistic Health
Education & Awards
Dr. Williams graduated from University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Home > Find a Family Doctor > CO > Fort Collins Family Physicians > Dr. David Williams, MD
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- Additional Information
- Dr. David Colin Williams MD is a male Family Practitioner, has 7 years of experience and practices in Family Medicine.
- Where does Dr. David C. Williams practice?
- Dr. David Williams has 2 office locations.
Dr. David Williams practices Family Medicine near Fort Collins, CO.
Additional practice locations include: Wailuku, HI.
See Fort Collins Family Physicians.


text:
Hook hangers, writing the message born of that image, me monger!
This is the useful surface white idea toy like, while we did not! A smell is affected ~ ~ ♪
Product images are slightly different due to the actual color and PC environment.
|Gift for
♦ size: 84 x 90 mm
Message memo message message board idea Dalton presents gift gadgets popular free old metal laugh jokes humor Wonderland design cute pop store Rakuten SCOOPS scooped Chiba nice grocery Mr. Chiba gadgets Funabashi gadgets
This product cannot be shipped to United States from the store.
Please contact the store for further information.


text:
Lubuntu 13.10 on Mac iBook G4.
I installed grub2 in order to boot into an older kernel (see this thread). To do this I followed the instructions here.
However, when I start the computer I get this error message:
"Invalid memory access at (code numbers)"
I am then dumped in Open Firmware.
There is a bug describing a similar issue here, and I have applied the suggested work around, but it makes no difference.
I can boot but only by entering Open Firmware and booting from there. Before installing grub it would automatically boot into Lubuntu.
Now I would like either to fix this so that grub loads normally, or failing that, remove grub. Can anybody please help me to do either of these?
Many thanks.


text:
"Power Down is terrific! With a gripping story, compelling characters, a relentless pace, and nerve-wracking suspense, Power Down is one of the must-read thrillers of the year. Don't miss this debut of novelist Ben Coes and the introduction of Dewey Andreas--you'll devour this one and wait anxiously for their return." Vince Flynn, New York Times bestselling author of Pursuit of Honor
"Coes pumps new heat, blood, and flat-out action into a well-worn premise--terrorists are out to break America by attacking its energy resources--in his frighteningly plausible thriller debut." Publishers Weekly
"I loved Power Down! It's a fresh, exciting thriller and the action scenes are big, vivid and authentic, at times even breathtaking. An impressive debut for Ben Coes. I was blown away." David Morrell, New York Times bestselling author of Creepers and creator of Rambo
"A ripping thriller from an exciting new novelist. Power Down kept me glued, turning the pages. Lots of action, a terrific hero, and a slimy villain--thrillers don't get any better." Stephen Coonts, New York Times bestselling author of The Disciple
"Power Down marks the emergence of a major new talent in the political thriller genre--no small feat in a field already packed with big names like Vince Flynn, Brad Thor, and David Baldacci. In terms of sheer entertainment value, author Ben Coes and his hero, the unusually but memorably named Dewey Andreas, are easily and immediately competitive with the very best the thriller field has to offer." Fiction Addict
"One of those rare, glue-in-your-seat books. Sit down, pick it up, and start reading. You aren't going anywhere for anything until you finish it." Bookreporter.com


text:
National Briefing | West: California: Finalists For Poet Laureate
By Catherine Billey (NYT)
Published: March 30, 2002
Two New York natives were among three finalists selected this week from more than 50 applicants by the California Arts Council's poet laureate review panel. The New York natives are Diane diPrima of San Francisco, a veteran of the Beat era, and Quincy Troupe, who teaches at the University of California at San Diego. The third finalist is Francisco X. Alarcón, a Mexican-American poet who heads a Spanish program at the University of California at Davis. Gov. Gray Davis will choose the poet laureate by July. Catherine Billey (NYT)


text:
What is lexical-syntactical analysis as it applies to Biblical hermeneutics? What are the primary steps involved in a lexical-syntactical analysis of a Biblical passage?
Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professors, theologians, and those interested in exegetical analysis of biblical texts. Join them; it only takes a minute:
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Here's how it works:
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Essentially, it's looking at the individual words (Lexical) and their usage (Syntactical) in order to determine the original meaning (Analysis).
The different components of lexical-syntactical analysis, per here are:
A (possibly dramatic) simplification of this would be:
Interestingly, it seems to be used frequently for programming languages as well.


text:
, Volume 27, Issue 4, pp 1099-1104
First online:
Predictors of poor outcomes in functionally dependent patients undergoing ventral hernia repair
- Drew ReynoldsAffiliated withDepartment of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine
- , Daniel DavenportAffiliated withDepartment of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine
- , J. Scott RothAffiliated withDepartment of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine Email author
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
Preoperative functional health status has been shown previously to affect outcomes following ventral hernia repair. The objective of this study was to identify specific factors that contribute to morbidity and mortality in functionally dependent patients who undergo elective ventral hernia repair.
We reviewed all patients in the ACS NSQIP database who underwent elective ventral hernia repair from 2005 to 2009. Patients were selected based on the following CPT codes: 49560, 49561, 49565, 49566, 49568, 49570, 49572, 49585, 49587, 49652, 49653, 49654, 49655, 49656, and 49657. Only patients classified as partially or totally dependent were included in this study. Thirty-day outcomes included mortality, wound occurrences, pulmonary occurrences, venous thromboembolism, development of sepsis/shock, renal failure/insufficiency, and cardiovascular events. We analyzed risk factors using multivariate analyses.
We identified 75,865 patients who underwent elective ventral hernia repair, of which 1,144 were classified as functionally dependent. Overall, major morbidity was observed in 211 (18.4 %) patients. There was no statistically significant difference in any measurable outcomes between laparoscopic and open hernia repairs. Increasing age proved to be an independent predictor of mortality, with an odds ratio of 1.63 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.27–2.12) for each 10 years of age beyond the mean. Ascites and preoperative renal failure also were identified as independent predictors of mortality, with odds ratios of 9.7 and 11.5, respectively. Preoperative pulmonary compromise was shown to be an independent predictor of both mortality and major morbidity, with odds ratios of 4.1 and 2.47, respectively.
Elective ventral hernia repair in the functionally dependent patient population has significant morbidity and mortality. Increasing age, ascites, preoperative renal failure, and preoperative pulmonary compromise are independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Nonoperative management should be strongly considered in the presence of these risk factors. Further studies are needed to determine optimum management strategies for functionally dependent patients with ventral hernias.
KeywordHernia Outcomes Functional health status Ventral hernia repair
Reference tools
- Title
- Predictors of poor outcomes in functionally dependent patients undergoing ventral hernia repair
- Journal
Surgical Endoscopy
Volume 27, Issue 4 , pp 1099-1104
- Cover Date
- 2013-04
- 10.1007/s00464-012-2587-7
- Print ISSN
- 0930-2794
- Online ISSN
- 1432-2218
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Hernia
- Outcomes
- Functional health status
- Ventral hernia repair
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Drew Reynolds (1)
- Daniel Davenport (1)
- J. Scott Roth (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, C-226 UKMC, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA


text:
Break the Skin
Break the Skin
Broadway Books, Paperback, 9780307716767, 275pp.
Publication Date: November 13, 2012
Seven hundred miles away, in Texas, Miss Baby has the hardened heart of a woman who has been used by men in every possible way, yet she is desperate for true love. When she meets a stranger, a man who claims he can t remember his real name or his past but who seems gentle and trusting, Miss Baby thinks she may have finally found someone to love, someone who will protect her from the abusive men who fill her past.
But Miss Baby and Laney are connected by a terrible crime, and, bit by bit, the complex web of deceptions and seemingly small misjudgments they ve each helped to create starts to unravel all the way to the shocking, tragic climax.
Lee was born in southeastern Illinois, where his father farmed eighty acres in Lawrence County s Lukin Township. The gravel road that went past the lane to the Martin home, was the road that divided Lawrence County from Richland County, and Lee was amazed as a young boy by the fact that simply walking across the road could move him from one county to the next. In 1963, when he was eight, those gravel roads that ran straight and formed right angles when they intersected moved him to the hard roads first the blacktop into Sumner, and then U.S. Route 50 and Illinois Route 49 heading north to the family s new home during the school year in Oak Forest, a southern suburb of Chicago, where his mother had accepted an offer to teach third grade for Arbor Park School District #145. Just like that, the familiarity of the two-room Lukin School, the small Berryville Church of Christ, and the shops and cafes of Sumner, was replaced by the strangeness of urban living.
"Young and lovesick, Lee Martin's low-rent heroines live the stuff of country music. Earnest and innocent, they get caught up in trailer park romances and what Alice Hoffman called practical magic. Break the Skin is a gossipy, rollicking Witches of Wal-Mart."--Stewart O'Nan, author of The Speed Queen
"I was worried for these characters as I'd worry for my own friends. The women want normal things--connection, stability--but get in their own way of finding peaceful lives. This is a suspenseful, engaging book."--Alice Elliott Dark
"Mr. Martin is a top-notch craftsman…what is most remarkable about BREAK THE SKIN is its restrained tone and the author's generosity toward his very needy characters. His sympathies for them rarely seem to wane, even when they are harboring criminals, conjuring hexes or plotting murder."- The New York Times
"South of Scandinavia, there are fewer icicles and serial killers, but no lack of sinister intrigue. Pulitzer Prize finalist Lee Martin's latest, Break the Skin, is a Lucinda Williams ballad of a small-town love affair—a teenage dropout, a nameless stranger—gone horribly wrong." – Vogue.com
"Martin…gets the claustrophobia of small town life just right. With their oh-what-might-have-been voices, these women win our hearts."- The Plain Dealer
"Martin, whose kidnap novel The Bright Forever (2005) was a finalist for the 2006 Pulitzer Prize in fiction, expertly applies shades of James Cain–like noir to
modern story that might have been inspired by one of the Lucinda Williams songs on this book's soundtrack. Black magic, daughters cursed by the loss or absence of their fathers, post traumatic stress syndrome, small-town secrecy and lies, pre-teen voyeurism: Welcome to life 'on the other side of right thinking.' An intoxicating small-town thriller that quickly gets under your skin."--Kirkus Reviews
"What we really want from our summer reading is a chance to escape ourselves, to disappear for a while into the lives of other people. Break the Skin allows us to do that, while delivering a fast, suspenseful read." – Blogcritics.com
"Disaffected teenager Laney has no one in the world but the older Delilah, whom she clings to like a raft. Then the police start asking Laney questions that link her to the sadder-but-wiser Miss Baby, who thinks she's finally found true love with a gentle man who can't remember his own name, and the story of a wrenching crime emerges."--Library Journal
"Provocative… Crackling with dark deeds and bad intentions, Martin snakes through the lives of the desperate without casting pity."--Publishers Weekly
"Carrying an almost archetypal resonance, this well-crafted tale of romantic desperation feels as sad and inevitable as an old murder ballad and should have an appeal beyond readers of serious fiction." – Library Journal


text:
More About KEVOLD
Visit My SparkPage Send Me SparkMail
Recipes I've Shared:
Gluten Free Biscuits
Nice texture and flavor. Reminded me of regular biscuits. Our flour mix is rice based.
Seafood Pasta Salad
Nice full meal cold salad
Venison Stew
A great slow cooker meal for those cold days.
Ravioli With Bell Pepper Sauce
A great 15 min. meal for those busy nights!


text:
Coaches BACK OFFICE
This project received 9 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $222 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids9
Project Description
I run a tennis company and need a place for my coaches to LOG IN and access certain documents, videos, information etc..SO I need the log in page designed where they go to enter there COACH INFO and then receive an email with there log in details, and then once they log in I need that page designed / built so they can access the info-I have a logo I will get you when we start
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
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- Forbes
- The New York Times
- Time
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


text:
Until you can build a working general purpose reprogrammable computer out of basic components from radio shack, you are not fit to call yourself a programmer in my presence. This is cwhizard, signing off.
As the old Mexican saying goes: "No tiene la culpa el ratón, sino el que le pone el queso" (It's not the fault of the mouse, but of the one that offers the cheese).


text:
Thanksgiving Turkey Burger With Cranberry-Mayo
Total Time
Prep 15 mins
Cook 10 mins
Enjoy the flavors of TG in every bite of these yummy Thanksgiving Turkey Burgers! The creamy cranberry-mayonnaise is wonderful; if you desire a spicier/hotter version mix in a spoonful of chopped chipotle peppers to the sauce (adjust amount to your taste). Great!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 lb ground turkey
- 1⁄2 cup prepared stuffing
- 1⁄3 cup grated sharp cheddar cheese (or Wensleydale cheese with cranberries, if available)
- 2 tablespoons dried cranberries
- 1 egg, lightly beaten
- salt and pepper, to taste
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1⁄2 teaspoon mustard
- 2 1⁄2 tablespoons mayonnaise
- 2 1⁄2 tablespoons cranberry sauce
- fresh lettuce, to serve
- 4 fresh baked hamburger buns, warmed
- In a large bowl combine the ground turkey, prepared stuffing, cheese, dried cranberries, and egg (add salt and pepper, if needed). Mix thoroughly.
- Divide into four equal portions, and shape into four patties.
- Heat oil in a large frying pan over medium-high heat.
- Cook the patties until golden brown, about 5 minutes per side.
- In a small bowl, stir together the mustard, mayonnaise and cranberry sauce.
- Spread some cranberry mayonnaise mixture on the inside of the warmed buns.
- Assemble your burgers with the lettuce and top patties with additional cran-mayo, as desired.
- Enjoy! Goes nicely with a side salad or veggies and sweet-potato fries.
Most Helpful
These were very good. This is a great way to use up extra or leftover stuffing. The cranberry mayo really made the burger. I used lots of cheddar cheese in the patty so didn't add any extra toppings. Delicious!
I loved this! What a great change from regular beef burgers. The flavor was great, I made just as recipe said. Really liked the cranberry/mayo sauce too. I made it with sweet potato fries baked in oven. Thank you for this recipe, I will be making this again


text:
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia (Bahri), the exclusive oil-shipper for Saudi Aramco, reported a 47.2 percent increase in second-quarter net profit on Tuesday.
Today, the Panama Canal marked another milestone with the transit of the first-ever liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier through its expanded locks.
Compared to the first half of 2015, which saw throughput increased by 6.8 percent, the Port of Rotterdam handled 3 percent less cargo in the first six months of 2016,
U.S. Secretary of State Kerry says backs bilateral talks; Philippines says dispute does not involve United States.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said on
Piracy and armed robbery at sea has fallen to its lowest levels since 1995, despite a surge in kidnappings off West Africa, according to a new report from the
A Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC) historian has recently uncovered information that sheds new light on the loss of the World War II cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA 35).


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Gender: Male
Birth Place: Chicago, Illinois, USA
Robert Lee Zemeckis was born on May 14, 1952 in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Robert Zemeckis married actress Mary Ellen Trainor on July 26, 1980 and divorced her in 2000. Mary and Robert have a son, Alexander Francis. Robert married Leslie Zemeckis on December 4, 2001 in Italy and they have two children together, Zane and Rhys. His nickname is Bob and he currently resides in Santa Barbara, CA with his wife Leslie and their two children. His father is from Lithuanian descent. His mother is from Italian descent and he loves Italy so much that he married Leslie in Italy and they have a vacation home in Tuscany, Italy.
He is 6' (1.83 m) and a Lithuanian-American film director, producer, actor and screenwriter. Robert is the screenwriter for all of the Back to the Future movie franchise and TV series. He is also the writer for all of the Back to the Future Part video games. He is a private pilot that has about 1,600 hours of flight time as of October 2012. His plane, Cirrus SR20 has a parachute that lowers the plane safely in the event there is an emergency.
- Robert has directed three actors (Tom Hanks, Gary Sinise and Denzel Washington) who was nominated for Oscars for their performance.
- He keeps a letter of rejection from all the studios that rejected Back to the Future (1985) because they think it was not good for a teen movie.
- Robert owns ImageMovers and co-owns Dark Castle Entertainment with Joel Silver.
- He graduated from the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Art.
Roberts first wife Mary Ellen Trainor was an actor in four of his films:
1984 - played Joan Wilder's kidnapped sister, Elaine in Romancing the Stone
1989 - played Officer Reese in Back to the Future Part II
1992 - played Vivian Adams in Death Becomes Her
1994 - played Jenny's Babysitter in Forrest Gump
1975 - Robert and Bob Gale sold their first television script, Kolchak: The Night Stalker: Chopper in Hollywood
1994 - won an Academy Award for Best Director for Forrest Gump
2006 - Jeremy Kagan from Scarecrow Press interviewed him in "Directors Close Up: Interviews with Directors Nominated for Best Film by the Directors Guild of America"
2007 - ranked #18 for The 50 Smartest People in Hollywood on EW'S
"No matter how many obstacles that are thrown in our path, there are ways to accept them and to live through them. Understand life's mysteries, - as mysteries to be lived"
"From where I sit I see the digital cinema creating sloppiness on the part of filmmakers because they know if they really get in trouble they can fix it later. So they don't pay that much attention, and of course it costs a lot of money"
"I was raised a Catholic on the South Side of Chicago, and I felt I had to undo a lot of serious damage. But as I was getting older, I began coming off my absolutely young, arrogant, agnostic beliefs. I was thinking more about coming to terms with human spirituality"
"I guess you can say, I have been remaking my student films forever"
Director Robert Zemeckis Movies / Films:Beowulf (2007) aka Beowulf: An IMAX 3D Experience, Beowulf: The IMAX Experience (2007) What Lies Beneath (2000) Contact (1997) Death Becomes Her (1992) "Tales from the Crypt" (1989)
Reviewed Movies Directed by Robert Zemeckis
Beowulf (2007)
In the age of heroes comes the mightiest warrior of them all, Beowulf. After destroying the overpowering demon Grendel, he incurs the undying wrath of the beast's ruthlessly seductive mother who…
What Lies Beneath (2000)
In this exciting supernatural thriller, Harrison Ford and Michelle Pfeiffer play a seemingly happily married couple who uncover a terrible secret…a secret so disturbing it threatens to destroy…
Contact (1997)
I was in for a bad surprise when I saw this movie. I though this movie was all about interaction with aliens or something like this. The movie was so slow and boring that it was just like A.I. The whole…


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'Nobody Nobody Sent', Abner Mikva Dead At Age 90Chicago's original "nobody nobody sent," Democratic icon Abner Mikva has died, after a career spanning all three branches of federal government.
Activists Outside Obama Home Plead With President To Help Deported VeteransMiguel Perez came to the U.S. when he was 8. Raised in Chicago, he joined the military and did two tours in Afghanistan.
Two Firms Chosen To Design Obama LibraryThe Barack Obama Foundation has chosen a New York City architectural firm to lead the design of the Obama presidential library on the South Side, but a Chicago firm not among the initial seven finalists was also selected as a partner on the job.
President Obama Is Interested In Owning A Piece Of An NBA TeamA Chicago native, Obama has discussed the idea of having an owner's stake "if the opportunity arose under the right circumstances."
Obama Says Orlando Shooting Was An 'Act Of Terror'President Barack Obama decried the deadliest mass shooting in American history on Sunday as an "act of terror" and an "act of hate" targeting a place of "solidarity and empowerment" for gays and lesbians. He urged Americans to decide whether this is the kind of "country we want to be."
Obama, First Lady Review Presidential Library Design ProposalsPresident Barack Obama is reviewing design proposals for his future presidential library from the seven architectural firms chosen as finalists.
Hyde Park, President Obama's Old Stomping Grounds, Has Seen A RevivalCBS 2's Vince Gerasole looks at some of the transformations that have occurred since President Obama left the University of Chicago Law School.
Obama Visits University Of Chicago To Tout Supreme Court NomineePresident Barack Obama was returning to the University of Chicago on Thursday to push for support of his nominee to the U.S. Supreme Court, Judge Merrick Garland.
Kirk Meets With Obama's Supreme Court Nominee Garland, Urges GOP To Hold Confirmation HearingsSen. Mark Kirk became the first Republican senator to meet with Supreme Court nominee Merrick Garland, complimenting President Barack Obama's pick Tuesday as "one of the most eminent jurists in the country" and criticizing GOP leaders' refusal to hold confirmation hearings or a vote on him.
Illinois Could Reap Economic Rewards Of Ending Embargo With CubaCBS 2's Vince Gerasole reports agricultural trade with Cuba is something that hits home here in Illinois.
President Obama Nominates Chicago Native Merrick Garland To Supreme CourtPresident Barack Obama nominated federal judge Merrick Garland, who was born in Chicago, for the U.S. Supreme Court seat vacated by the late Justice Antonin Scalia.
Obama Backs Dunkin Challenger Stratton In Illinois House RaceIn a rare move, President Barack Obama is joining the fray in an Illinois House race, backing a first-time candidate against a Democratic incumbent in a race that has become a proxy war in the battle between Illinois House Speaker Michael Madigan and Gov. Bruce Rauner.


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"A Table for Three is one fiery hot and passionate book. Add in the romantic suspense and D/s and there is nothing about this fiery novel that I didn't like. …A Table for Three is definitely not your average everyday contemporary romance. The love scenes are filled with dominant men and the woman that completes them. Each touch is filled with hunger, hotness, and holy cow, total ménage goodness. I can't wait to read this sizzling book again!" Joyfully Reviewed
"...A Table For Three one scintillating read. This may be the first published work by Ms. Reese and therefore the first I've read, but it certainly won't be the last. I look forward to reading the rest of the New York stories as soon as they're released." Fallen Angel Reivews


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I have severe neck pain since a failed cerv fusion in 2005. Been thru tons of meds, injections, and alt therapies. My new pain management dr has suggested roxanol since norco no longer helps.. What to do???
Responses (1)
10 Dec 2011
Hey Lisars,
Roxanol is morphine which is a stronger opiate than Norco (hydrocodone with acetominophen). It is prescribed for moderate to severe pain and comes in two formulas, immediate release and extended release. I would try the Roxanol and see if it brings you the relief you deserve. You are opiate tolerant at this point and are going to have to take a stronger opiate to get this relief.
What are you scared of exactly?
Here to help,
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Polling Place
Drake is a destination for students interested in meaningful politics. By Alyssa Young, GR'14 Every four years, they descend. Coifed and suited (occasionally promoting their relatable selves in jeans and cowboy boots), presidential hopefuls storm the state for caucus season—shaking hands, kissing babies, eating fried food by the pound. Iowans have an unparalleled opportunity to rub […]Read more


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Back in 2009...
After I got my computer programming and graphics design diplomas, I got to work in a very small business as an internship. This business had invented a tool that could cut wood without making any noise or sawdust. Where am I going with this? Well they had bought a huge laser machine to engrave serial numbers on the blades of that tool to keep track of their quality.
Being the curious artist that I am, I realised all the cool stuff I could make with this technology! That's when I started experimenting and fell in love with it. When my internship was over, being unemployed, I decided to get a loan and get myself my very own laser engraving machine... and this is when it all started! :)
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Reading, learning, and discovery are personal passions of mine and I love the experience of helping someone to grasp a concept that had been giving them trouble. I am understanding of scheduling changes and I keep my sessions lighthearted so that they aren't completely serious and tedious! I have several years of tutoring experience at the high school and undergraduate level and I am currently employed as a research and development chemist. The majority of my tutoring has been done in math and science, especially … Read more
My son has been meeting with Matthew now for a number of lessons. His tutoring has helped my son pass one of the hardest tests there is - the PCATs. He is now helping him get advanced knowledge of Organic Chemistry, which they say is the hardest course. My son is going to Wilkes, and needs to get A's in this course. Matthew has much knowledge in Organic Chemistry. Alec really enjoys his teaching approach.
Matthew has really been a great tutor and has helped me to understand organic chemistry a lot better then I could have done on my own. I would highly recommend him!
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Science and Math Tutoring (GenChem, Physics, Orgo, Calc)