text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 30, 1996
|Filing date
|Jul 8, 1993
|Priority date
|May 25, 1988
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Samuel A. Johnson
|Original Assignee
|Beacon Light Products, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (32), Referenced by (19), Classifications (24), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
.Iadd.This application is a reissue of Ser. No. 07/845,214, filed Apr. 28, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,030,890, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/198,282, filed May 25, 1988, now abandoned. .Iaddend.
The present invention relates to AC power control devices, and more particularly, to two terminal incandescent lamp controllers.
The single pole, single throw (SPST) fast acting electrical lighting switch has been the primary device for the control of alternating current to Edison and fluorescent lighting fixtures for over a century. It is simple in operating concept, and has evolved into a highly reliable and inexpensive means of lighting control. It's obvious limitation is the purely binary nature of it's control of current. It is either fully on or fully off, except during those initial microseconds prior to closure or following opening. Depending on the inductive or capacitive nature of the applied load, arcing and mechanical damage to the current carrying contacts may occur, thus reducing the long term reliability of the switch. Additionally, as most electrical loads exhibit initially lower impedances when first turned on, the initial in-rush currents to both the switch and the electrical load can be many times higher than the steady state, normal operating currents. This current in-rush phenomena is damaging safety limits of the wiring network and the protective circuit breakers or fuses. Thus, these elements must be greatly over-designed to survive the initial current in-rush conditions.
The past two decades have seen the development of solid state dimmers and mechanical and electronic timer switches intended to directly replace the SPST lighting control switch for commercial and residential control of the Edison gas discharge lamps. Such devices tend to be larger in size than the SPST lighting switch they are intended to replace, and require the homeowner to perform a lengthy procedure to disconnect the power to the effected lighting circuit, remove the previous switch, and install the new device. To many homeowners possessing a healthy fear of electricity, this installation procedure appears dangerous, and thus they would not purchase or install such a device. The primary failure mode of such devices is during the initial turn-on phase, when the in-rush currents of gas discharge lamps can be 16 to 20 times that of the steady state current. As a result, such devices must have very heavy duty current switching elements to withstand this initial electrical stress, which adds significantly to the cost and complexity of the controlling device.
Still other devices exist which act as intermediary fixtures between the incandescent bulb to be controlled and the original receiving fixtures. These devices are usually used to turn on the lamp at the advent of nightfall, or upon sensation of sound or motion. Such devices, while very useful, can only be used in a limited number of fixtures since they add considerable length to the overall bulb to fixture dimensions. Such devices also tend to be unreliable due to the large current in-rushes through the power switching device at initial turn-on.
The general object of this invention is to provide a new and improved AC power control device which does not require a lengthy installation procedure, which can be fitted onto any standard incandescent bulb, and which does not require the above-mentioned oversized current switching devices with their attendant costs and circuit complexities.
Another object of the present invention to provide a solid state power control device which when connected in an electrical path between an alternating current voltage source and a load element, will be responsive to a remotely induced momentary power interruption, so as to cause a change in the intensity or duration of power delivered to the load.
A further object of this invention is to increase the useful life of electric gas filled discharge lamps by slowly applying power to a load at initial voltage application by closure of a remotely located mechanical or solid state switch.
A feature of this invention is the capability of being so constructed to directly attach to the electrical screw shell of a gas discharge lamp, whereby so little space is consumed by the device that the lamp can be safely mounted in it's receiving fixture. This feature permits the use of existing switches, fixtures, and wiring by the user to achieve a variety of lighting conditions simply by installing this device.
The above objects, features and attendant advantages of this invention may be accomplished by the provision of a current switching means being connected in an electrical path between a load and an AC voltage source. The application of AC voltage is controlled by a remote switch. A control circuit means is connected to the triggering port of the current switching means so as to cause the current switching means to change from a high impedance state to a low impedance state, thus turning on the electrical load. This control circuit means can also be responsive to a momentary power interruption caused by opening, then closing, the remote switch. This even can cause the control circuit means to substantially modify the power delivered to the load, either by a change in the intensity or the timed duration of the power delivered to the load.
By using miniaturized assembly and packaging techniques, such a power control device can be fitted between the existing center terminals of an incandescent bulb base and the mating terminals of the screw shell receptacle, without significantly reducing the number of engaging threads needed to safely mechanically retain the bulb in it's retaining fixture.
These and other objects and features of this invention will become more readily apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the power control device of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the applied voltages across the various electrical terminals of the power control device of FIG. 1;
FIG. . .3.!. .Iadd.3A-3B .Iaddend.is a diagram illustrating the effects of AC phase control on power delivered to an incandescent load under the varying conduction angles illustrated by FIG. 3B;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of control circuitry used in the controller of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the current in-rush of a typical incandescent bulb as a function of time after turn-on; and
FIG. 6 shows the assembly of the present invention when used with an Edison gas discharge lamp.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a power controller 10 made in accordance with the present invention. The power controller comprises two .Iadd.power .Iaddend.terminals 4 and 5, which are connected in a series with a load 15, a main remote power switch 16, and an AC source 17.
FIG. 1 depicts a .Iadd.controllable conductivity or impedance device or switch such as a .Iaddend.triac semi-conductor switch 1 in series with . .triac.!. .Iadd.the power .Iaddend.terminals 4 and 5. A triac is a bidirectional dual silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) which can conduct current in both directions only upon the application of a short low voltage current pulse applied to the gate terminal 6 at the proper time in the AC cycle. The triac will then latch into conduction for the remainder of the positive or negative going AC cycle until the impressed voltage across terminals 4 and 5 is at or near zero, at which time the triac returns to its normally high impedance state until again triggered.
Also included within power controller 10 as shown in FIG. 1 is a direct current power supply means 2, which has two terminals 2a and 2b connected in shunt with the triac 1, whereby the voltage across the said triac when it is in normally high impedance state is reduced in magnitude by any number of well-known means, and is rectified and filtered to become a steady source of direct current at a third terminal 2c.
Also comprising power controller 10 as shown in FIG. 1 is a micro-processor control circuit 3, being powered by DC source 2 and having voltage sensing terminal 3a to detect the AC zero crossing across terminals 4 and 5 when said triac 1 is in a nonconduction state. Also, a trigger terminal 3b connected directly to triac gate trigger la triggers said triac into conduction at the proper time in the AC waveform. The micro-processor control circuit can be any combination of generally known computer devices, memories, input/output devices, etc. Such control circuit has a property to retain data recently stored in the memory elements even during relatively long periods of power interruption, such interruption caused by the . .intentionaly.!. .Iadd.intentional .Iaddend.opening of the remote switch, or by an unanticipated power failure. In the present embodiment the device is a single chip 4-bit micro-controller being readily commercially available having internal random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and Input/Output (I/O) drivers. The many possible operating modes of the complete power controller 10 and the controller responses to momentary interruptions in the applied AC voltage are determined by the computer program resident in internal ROM.
As an illustrative example, the power controller 10 of FIG. 1 can be a means of modulating the power intensity delivered to a heating, lighting or motor load. After initially closing remote switch 16, the power to the load will be maintained at some initial value determined by the period of time the triac remains in a high impedance state following a zero crossing, and prior to the micro-processor control circuit issuing a command to fire the triac into a conducting state. By programming the microprocessor control circuit to sense a power interruption caused by the rapid opening and closing of remote switch 16, the power delivered to the load can be varied. By modifying when the triac is triggered into conduction after zero voltage crossing of the applied AC waveform across triac terminals 4 and 5, various preprogrammed values can be selected. . .Successive.!. .Iadd.A pattern of sequence of successive .Iaddend.short power interruptions can modify firing of the triac to create an entire range of power intensity values delivered to the load. For example, a single on-off sequence of switch 16 can be programmed to supply full power to load 15; two on-off sequences might produce 60% power, and three such sequences might supply 40% power.
In another embodiment, the apparatus of the present invention can be used as a delay timer, as for household lighting. The power controller 10, when connected to an existing load and remote switch of FIG. 1, can be programmed to turn on or turn off a load after a specific time interval following the closure of remote switch 16. Variable timed interval duration can be selected by a user such that the period of delay can be selected depending upon how many on-off cycles of switch 16 the user initiates.
. .As.!. .Iadd.In .Iaddend.yet another embodiment, the power controller 10 can provide be programmed to provide a "soft-start" to a load at initial remote switch 16 closure. By initially delaying the firing of the triac well beyond the zero crossing of the AC waveform impressed across the triac terminal 4 and 5, the initial power surge can be dampened and load life increased. Rather than using phase control as in commercially available solid state dimmer switches designed for use with incandescent lighting circuits, the power controller 10 controls the rate of power increase to full power after initial turn on according to the particular program instructions resident in ROM.
Operation of the power controller 10 of FIG. 1 above can be best understood by referring to FIG. 2, which depicts voltage waveforms A, B, C and D with respect to time. Assuming the AC source of FIG. 1 is 115 volts RMS, 60 hertz, the peak voltage excursions of the sinusoidal waveform approach +/-187 volts with a period of approximately 16.66 milliseconds. Curve A represents the voltage impressed across the load terminals of FIG. 1; curve B represents the voltage across terminals 4 and 5 of controller 10; curve C is the output of the DC power supply means of controller 10, and curve D is the pulse generated by the microprocessor control circuit which is applied to the gate of triac 1 to trigger the triac into conduction.
Following a very long period with switch 16 "open", upon closure of remote switch 16, at time t=0 of FIG. 2, an AC waveform will be impressed across the triac terminals 4 and 5 (curve B) as long as the triac remains in the high impedance, untriggered state. During this first AC cycle, DC power supply 2 will rectify and reduce in magnitude the applied waveform across terminals 2a and 2b so that a filtered, low ripple DC voltage appears at terminal 2c, as illustrated by curve C of FIG. 2. This voltage, present at the micro-processor power terminal, will then enable the micro-processor to begin executing a unique program or programs resident in the read-only-memory (ROM) or in the form of preprogrammed digital logic. Based on the particular function desired, the micro-processor control circuit may then trigger the triac into conduction at certain desired time delays following the sensed zero crossing at terminal 3a. As illustrated for AC cycles 1-7, of curve D, the soft-start feature can be implemented at initial device turn-on whereby in each successive AC cycle, increasing amounts of power are delivered to the load by simply decreasing the amount of delay between the time the zero crossing occurs as shown in curve B and the time the triac is caused to fire.
In order to maintain the DC power supply at some desired voltage level, it is necessary to fire the triac a minimum of a 5-30 electrical degrees after the zero crossing (curve B). This ensures that the power supply 2 can absorb enough electrical charge from the potential across terminals 4 and 5 of the triac to provide adequate stored charge to operate the micro-processor control circuit during the remaining electrical cycle that the triac is in a conducting state and thus has little potential developed across terminals 4 and 5. FIG. . .3.!. .Iadd.3A .Iaddend.illustrates the effect of full wave phase control, whereby it can be seen that with a 20 electrical degree triggering phase angle, the power delivered to the load will be about 99% of that delivered by a full electrical waveform. To achieve other desired power intensities delivered to the load, it is simply necessary to delay the firing angle of the triac by an appropriate number of electrical degrees.
FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic of one preferred embodiment of the present invention. Triac 1 is connected between terminals 4 and 5 of the power controller 10, and serves as the high current power control switch. The DC power supply includes resistors 23 and 27, diode 24, zener diode 25, and capacitors 26 and 28. Resistor 23 limits the current delivered to the zener diode 25, and serves as a voltage divider with zener 25. Diode 24 prevents current leakage from the power supply when terminal 4 is negative with respect to terminal 5. During the time diode 24 is conducting current, current will flow into capacitor 26 until the voltage across this capacitor equals the zener breakover voltage of zener diode 25. The zener is necessary to limit the voltage impressed across the capacitor 26 to prevent capacitor failure. At the breakover voltage, the zener then shunts any additional current to ground until the triac either triggers into a low impedance state or the voltage polarity across triac terminals 4 and 5 reverses. It is during these times when there is no charging potential across the triac that capacitor 26 serves as a charge reservoir to capacitor 28 additionally serves as a first order filter to substantially smooth the ripple and create more of a true direct current than what would normally be available if capacitor 26 were solely used to filter the pulsating DC.
Microprocessor control circuit 3 is a very low power CMOS device which has all necessary memory, input/output, and computing functions on a single silicon chip. Resistor/capacitor pair 32, 33 form the RC oscillator timebase for the control circuit 3, and can be a crystal or other form of periodic oscillation device. Resistor 29 limits the current from the voltage divider shunt path across triac terminals 4 and 5 to the lower level logic input 3a of control circuit 3 to sense the moment the AC zero crossing occurs across the triac terminals 4 and 5. PNP transistor 30 and base resistor 31 amplify a 10 micro-second triac trigger pulse from the control circuit and apply the needed gate drive pulse to the triac gate to cause the triac to switch from a high to a low impedance state. The triac then remains on until the triac current crosses zero, at which time the triac commutes to a high impedance state. At the next positive half-cycle, the DC power supply circuit is allowed to regain lost charge before the triac is again ready for firing.
FIG. 5 illustrates the typical initial current surge of a gas filled incandescent lamp which is not provided with the soft-start feature of the present invention. This initial current surge of 16 to 20 times the steady state current is responsible for a majority of the triac failures in existing lighting control devices, and also is the primary reason for lamp filament failure at initial turn-on. The present invention can be programmed so that at initial power turn-on, the power intensity delivered to the load is modulated for an initial very low power level necessary to prewarm the filament, to gradually increasing power over a number of electrical cycles to near 100% of full power if desired. FIG. 2, (curve B) cycles 1-7 illustrate this feature. Using the soft-start power modulation of the present invention, incandescent bulb life has been increased by a factor of five, while average bulb power as maintained at near 100% after initially soft-starting.
FIG. 6 illustrates a preferred packaging arrangement for the two-terminal power controller as described above when used as an individual incandescent light bulb controller for Edison base style lamps. By employing current manufacturing technologies such as surface mounting of components and chip on board die attach techniques, it is possible to package all the components for the inventive power controller into a thin disc less than three millimeters thick and less than 23 millimeters in diameter. Terminals 4 and 5 of the triac power switching device are positioned centrally on the opposing planar faces of a disc 40, this disc being attached by adhesive foamed tape 41 to the base of the lamp screw shell housing 42. Negligible space between the bulb center contact 44 and the fixture center contact 45 of FIG. 6 is consumed. By mounting the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 6, all existing wiring, switches, and fixtures can remain intact, and no modification of the electrical circuit is required by the installer. The invention is susceptible to use in many different and useful lighting control functions, including, but not limited to: soft-starting the filament power for increased bulb life; lamp dimming to predefined or selected intensity levels by the controller responsive to short power interruptions; and allowing predefined or selected time intervals to elapse after initial power application whereby the lighting load is either turned on or off in a singly or multiply occurring sequence at single or repeated intervals of time.
Thus, there has been described a two-terminal power control device which may greatly expand the usefulness of a great variety of alternating current circuits, especially in the area of lighting control, where new useful functions can be added to existing circuits without the need for wiring modifications, with the added benefit of significantly increasing bulb life.
While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, various modes of carrying out the principles disclosed herein are contemplated as being within the scope of the following claims. Therefore, it is understood that the scope of the invention is not to be limited except as otherwise set forth in the claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|Aug 15, 1972
|Berkey Colortran Mfg Inc
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|Hunt Electronics Co
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|Ricoh Co., Ltd.
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|Oct 3, 1978
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
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|Power Controls Corporation
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|U.S. Classification
|315/208, 323/238, 323/325, 315/297
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 7, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 30, 2002
Owner name: SPEED OF LIGHT TECHNOLOGY, LLC, MINNESOTA
Free format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:BEACON LIGHT PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:013138/0079
Effective date: 20020502
|Jan 7, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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UNH book dump halted; materials saved in storage
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Czech Glass beads are one of the oldest types of Czech beads, dating back over 300 years. Pressed glass beads are formed by pressing a heated glass rod into a mold. No other glass bead type displays the breadth of range, nor has ever been produced on such a mass scale as Czech Glass Beads. Preciosa Ornela Traditional Czech Pressed Glass Beads come in so many varied and versatile shapes, sizes, styles and colors, your design possibilities are nearly boundless. Our selection of Czech Pressed Glass Bead Mixtures are a fun and cost effective way to get a variety of Czech Glass Beads in one quick purchase! Be sure to check out our other traditional Czech glass beads from Preciosa Ornela such as our Czech Seed Beads, Czech Fire Polished Beads, and lustrous Czech Glass Pearls.
25 PC $3.50 ($0.14 per PC)
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100 PC $9.20 ($0.09 per PC)
300 PC $26.20 ($0.09 per PC)
25 PC $1.49 ($0.06 per PC)
50 PC $2.40 ($0.05 per PC)
100 PC $4.45 ($0.04 per PC)
300 PC $12.00 ($0.04 per PC)
25 PC $1.39 ($0.06 per PC)
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This Month's Look
For the month of July. we have chosen a lovely soft, gentle theme with a slight French twist.
I would start with a soft dove grey wall colour, we love the colour Off Shore by Plascon. Paint the skirting in a contrasting white for both genders. The Ceramic Crema or the Nostalgia Opal rug would work wonderfully to anchor your room. From this base build up and away.
Taryn Flanagan


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Georgetown Football Earns Perfect APR Score of 1,000 for 2014-15 Academic Year
Hoyas hold highest APR in Patriot League for second-consecutive season
Football Program Celebrates 2015, Looks Toward 2016 During Banquet
Tim Barnes named Joe Eacobacci No. 35 jersey recipient; Ty Williams earns First Tyrell Williams Sisu Award
Football Opens Spring Practice Next Week
Hoyas begin preparation for the 2016 season
Thirty-One Members of the Georgetown Football Team Named the Patriot League Academic Honor Roll
Hoyas boast 22 multi-year honorees
Harrison Glor and Phil Novacki Named to Patriot League All-Academic Team
2016 Georgetown Football Banquet
Georgetown Football held its banquet to celebrate the 2015 season and the Senior Class of 2016 at the Leavey Center
Georgetown vs. No. 16 Fordham
The Hoyas celebrated Senior Day on Saturday, November 14 against No. 16 Fordham at Cooper Field.
2013: Played in five games at wide receiver and on special teams during sophomore season...Made first career catch, for eight yards, vs. Marist (9/14)...Selected to the Patriot League Academic Honor Roll for second consecutive season.
2012: Did not see game action during his freshman season.
High School: A 13-time letterwinner, earning four in football, four in basketball, four in golf and one in track and field...Selected as basketball team captain in 2010-2011 at Belmont Hill and again in 2011-2012 at Deerfield...An All-ISL selection in football, basketball and golf in 2010-2011...Coached by Kevin Fleming in football at Belmont Hill and Michael Silipo at Deerfield...Graduated from Belmont Hill magna cum laude.
More Headlines
Football Program Celebrates 2015, Looks Toward ...
Junior quarterback Tim Barnes (Oradell, N.J./River Dell Regional) was named the 14th recipient of...
Football Announces 2016 Schedule
The Georgetown University football team has announced its 11-game schedule for the 2016 season,...
Football Opens Spring Practice Next Week
The Georgetown University football team will begin spring practice on Tuesday, March 15, when the...
Georgetown Football Inks 18 on National Signing...
The Georgetown University football team announced its 17-student-athlete recruiting class on...
Signing Day Central 2016
Welcome to Signing Day Central for the Georgetown Hoyas. On Wednesday, Feb. 3, GUHoyas.com will...
Thirty-One Members of the Georgetown Football...
The Georgetown University football program had 30 student-athletes named to the Patriot League...
Harrison Glor and Phil Novacki Named to Patriot...
Senior wide receiver Harrison Glor (Boston, Mass./Belmont Hill/Deerfield) and junior defensive...
Matt Satchell Named First Team All-Patriot...
Senior linebacker Matt Satchell (Cherry Hill, N.J./Cherry Hill East) was named First Team All-Pat...
Top Videos
DOWNLOAD SCHEDULE: Add to calendar
Saturday, Sept 3 Sport Opponent Time Coverage Football Davidson 1:00 PM Saturday, Sept 10 Sport Opponent Time Coverage Football at Marist 6:00 PM Saturday, Sept 24 Sport Opponent Time Coverage Football Columbia (Homecoming) 2:00 PM
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Also: Meet the frat they're so crazy about.
Every evening, the Daily Dot delivers a selection of links worth clicking from around the Web, along with the day's must-see image or video. We call it Dotted Lines.
- One of the FBI's 10 most wanted fugitives—a child-porn-hoarding schoolteacher—was detained in Nicaragua.
- What it looked like to hover over Tsarnaev's capture.
- 10 magazines you won't believe actually exist.
- Matthew Keys, the former social media editor for Reuters indicted for allegedly helping Anonymous hack into and deface the L.A. Times, was fired today—but apparently not for that. Here's his version of events.
- This video parody sticks it to every music blogger ever.
- Oh yeah, and here's Boardwalk Empire's Michael Shannon reading that crazy, viral sorority girl letter.
- And speaking of that sorority, you know the frat they're trying to court? You get to meet them too.
Promoted Stories Powered by Sharethrough
Amtrak train smashes truck carrying a lifetime supply of bacon
An Amtrak train carrying 203 passengers collided on Friday afternoon with a truck hauling tens of thousands of pounds of bacon. There were no immediate reports of injuries.
Police killed a black man with a toy sword
For the second time in two months, a black man has been shot and killed by police officers while holding a toy weapon.
The Latest From Daily Dot Video


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General Information
Contact Person
Emin ŞEN
General Manager
Countries Exported To
Turkey, Italia, Greece, CIS countries (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Moldova, Armenia) Georgia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt
medical tape, double sided tapes, masking tapes, plate mounting tapes, cover tapes, packaging and packing tapes, label tapes, reinforced packaging tapes, electrical insulation tapes, aluminum tapes, lamination film, surface protection tapes, stair slip belts, automatic tape cutting machines, adhesive tape, tape, protective tape, foam tape, masking tape, rubber tape, hot-melt tape, electric isolation tape, sticker, self-adhesive tape, double-side tape, printed and unprinted packing tapes
Related Companies/Brands
Establishment Date/Number of Staff
1986 / 51-100
Tax Administration/Tax Number
Beylikdüzü / 4760081583
Banks Worked with
Business Segment
- Manufacturer
- Exporter
- Importer
Other Language Profiles
Contact Information
Mermerciler San. Sit. 8. Cad. No: 30 - İstanbul, Turkey
Postal Code
Phone Number
+90 212 879 09 78
Fax Number
+90 212 879 09 50
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I was fired from my job 6 weeks after I had a heart attack. I had only missed 3 days of work when I was in the hospital. I was given no reason for the termination except that it was a business decision, and he had his reasons. They then posted my position and hired a younger person for that job. I am 60 years old. I received a glowing letter of recommendation stating that I was a perfect worker and that they reason I was let go was that they decided they didn't need a rep in my territory anymore. That of course wasn't true, because they hired someone else very quickly. Do I have recourse to sue for age discrimination?
Employee Benefits Lawyer
An employer who gives a false reason for the discharge, e.g., position elimination, is evidence of pretext which, combined with other facts could indicate age or disability discrimination. Depending on the size of the employer, both state and federal law may apply to your situation.
Our firm is licensed to practice law in the State of Wisconsin and offers information on federal laws that may apply to residents of other states, however, we offer no advice as to the state laws outside of Wisconsin.
I did file with the EEOC and they have opened an investigation. The employer has sent a long letter saying that my performance was an issue, and he was going to fire me before I had the heart attack. will that stand given that he wrote that lovely letter praising my work?
Employment / Labor Attorney
I do not practice within your state, however, from a federal context, it certainly seems like you may have a viable discrimination claim from the facts you present. You certainly should contact a local employment attorney to discuss your situation in further detail.
This answer does not constitute legal advice and you should contact an attorney to confirm or research further any statements made in this answer. Any statements of fact or law I have made in this answer pertain solely to New York State and should not be relied upon in any way in any other jurisdiction. Additionally, we also encourage you to reach out to us via Twitter (https://twitter.com/#!/employattorney) or Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/WhiteRicottaandMarks) if you have follow up questions as we do not monitor questions after providing an initial answer.
Mediation Attorney
Contact a employee rights attorney through Find A Lawyer, as you might have a viable claim.
The information provided in this answer does not create an attorney-client relationship and is not considered to be legal advice. Mr. Leroi answers questions on Avvo because he strongly believes in public service from his years as a judge, magistrate, and prosecutor. If you need to ask any follow up questions because my answer did not fully address your question, feel free to call Chris or post an additional question. Thank you.
Post a free question on our public forum.Ask a Question
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The following materials provide everything you need to preinstall Windows server operating systems and Microsoft server software on new computers.
For most preinstallation scenarios for Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2, the Express Deployment Tool is the right choice. It helps you to quickly, easily, and correctly preinstall PCs with genuine server software.


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Hotel Plaisance, Nice
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 31 guestrooms
- Breakfast available
- Room service
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Private bathroom
- Daily housekeeping
- Hair dryer
- Elevator/lift
- Flat-panel TV
What's around
- In Centre Ville-Gare
- Nice Etoile Shopping Center (0.3 mi / 0.4 km)
- Marc Chagall National Museum (0.5 mi / 0.9 km)
- Nice Theatre (0.7 mi / 1.1 km)
- Place Massena (0.7 mi / 1.1 km)
- Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (0.7 mi / 1.2 km)
Hotel Plaisance, Nice
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $76
- Standard Double Room
- Standard Room, 1 Single Bed
- Standard Twin Room, 2 Single Beds
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 31 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time Noon-10 PM
- Check-out time is 10 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Children (12 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
Nearby Two Star Nice hotels
In the hotel
- Continental breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Parasailing nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Scuba diving nearby
- 24-hour front desk
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Elevator/lift
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Hair dryer
- Flat-screen TV
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
Top Nice hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Nice
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"The hotel was very nice. Loved the bar. Service was great as well. "Jun 18, 2016
- Park Inn by Radisson Nice Airport HotelFrom
"We stayed twice before at this hotel because it's convenient to the airport and you can have a nice breakfast buffet and/or dinner at the pool. Also, nuce staff. The only problem…"Jun 17, 2016
- Villa RivoliFrom
"We had a very nice three day stay at this hotel, despite the fact that the airline lost my luggage for a week and we had to keep calling them to see if there was any news. But…"Jun 16, 2016
- ParisienFrom
"The staff was friendly and the room was ok. Location very convenient. "Jun 15, 2016
Nearby hotels
Hotel Plaisance, Nice's small print
Also known as
- Hotel Plaisance
- Hotel Plaisance Nice
- Plaisance Nice
- Plaisance Hotel Nice
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
A seasonal tax is imposed by the city and collected at the property in cash: EUR 0.20 – EUR 3.40 per person, per night from October 1 - March 31 (low season); EUR 0.20 –EUR 4 per person, per night from April 1 - September 30 (high season). This amount has been determined by the local administration. For further details, please contact the property using the information contained in the confirmation received after booking.
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR .90 per person, per night
Optional extras
Continental breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 6 per person (approximately)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Good 3.1 /5 from 102 reviews
This hotel is perfect if you just need a clean room, with a private shower and bathroom, that is convenient to rail and bus services so you can see Nice and the surrounding Cote d'Azur region. It appears the housekeeping service has been subcontracted out, so I had to complain twice to the on-duty manager that I wanted the balcony door locked and not left open and I wanted the air conditioning left on all day so the room was cooled down when I returned from site seeing. Housekeeping finally got it right and everything went OK for the remainder of my stay.
Very helpful staff. Responded quickly to any problem and good recommendations for using public transportation vs. cabs. Bathroom was very tiny.
The bathroom was cramped and the wash hand basin clogged. No place to even hang a towel.Overall the hotel was grubby.Hotel was very accessible to Train and bus station
good location, three tram stops away from the beach/downtown area. friendly service, small but comfortable room. no a/c so it gets very hot, but fans are provided.
Air conditioning didn´t work, bathroom was dirty.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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It's starting! Everyone take out their E3 2014 schedulers and prepare to take down a note. Microsoft, aiming for first blood as usual, has announced their E3 2014 media briefing. Starting on June 9 at 9:30 AM the week of E3 will begin with Microsoft showcasing their plans for Xbox's gaming future. Expect news on previously announced games, reveals for unannounced games, and hopefully a lot of fun and craziness in-between. Ah, I can already hear the fanboys screaming.
Titled "Xbox: Game On" it's clear that Microsoft's focus for the event will be 100% video games, which is the rather typical stance of the current console-war's second place figure. Whatever the reason, it's exactly the sort of conference I like to see, because it means lots and lots of gaming news. Microsoft has confirmed that both new IP and sequels will be announced at the event. There's really not much more anyone can ask. Okay, maybe I'd ask for Rare to be tasked with making a classic platforming game. Too much? Too much.
Microsoft's E3 2014 Media Briefing will be viewable online via Xbox.com, Xbox Live, Windows Phone, and on Spike TV for television viewers. It'll air June 9 starting at 9:30 and probably run over an hour and a half. Expect a majority of the content to be Xbox One-focused, though at this point it's difficult to tell of Xbox 360 ports will still be a thing or not. I think everyone will be looking for killer platform exclusives this year and Microsoft won't want to disappoint.
Current E3 Keynote Schedule:
- Monday, June 9 - 9:30 AM PDT - Microsoft's "Xbox: Game On"
- Monday, June 9 - 12:00 PM PDT - EA
- Tuesday, June 10 - 9:00 AM PDT - "Nintendo Digital Event"


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Fortis Tops Utilities in Biggest Gain Since '98: Canada Credit
Fortis Inc. led Canadian utilities bonds to their biggest monthly gain since 1998 as the company benefited from regulatory changes that allowed it to pass higher prices onto consumers.
Fortis Alberta's 4.99 percent bonds maturing in 2047 returned 7.9 percent last month, the best performance among 700 securities on the Bank of America Merrill Lynch Canadian Corporate Index. Merrill's Canadian Utility Index returned 3.7 percent in August, the most in 12 years, compared with 2.3 percent for the broader Canadian Corporate Index.
The utility index's overall yields fell last week to 3.97 percent, the lowest since at least December 1996, making it cheaper for Fortis and other companies to borrow. Fortis, Canada's largest publicly traded power distribution utility, plans to borrow C$300 million ($285 million) to C$500 million annually in the next five years to help pay for a C$5 billion expansion plan, Chief Financial Officer Barry Perry said.
"It's a fabulous time to be borrowing, and each of our utilities will be doing regular long-term debt issues in the next few years," Perry said in a telephone interview yesterday from St. John's, Newfoundland. "We are getting offers to sell 30- and 40-year debt around 5 percent. At these levels, we are going to get as much debt done as we can."
By contrast, Fortis Alberta sold C$100 million in 30-year debt in February 2009 at 7.06 percent.
Epcor Utilities Inc., an Edmonton, Alberta-based power generator, and Toronto Hydro Corp., the city-owned utility, were among companies with bonds in the top 10 of the index's largest winners last month. The index has 82 issues and a par value of about C$19.5 billion.
Tops U.S. Rivals
Utilities beat returns on the broad corporate index by 1.37 percentage points in August, the most since February 2009. Canadian utilities outperformed their U.S. counterparts, which gained 2.8 percent last month, a separate Merrill index shows.
Elsewhere in credit markets, the extra yield investors demand to own Canadian corporate rather than federal debt widened to 150 basis points, a four-week high, the Bank of America Merrill Lynch data showed. Spreads this year widened to as much as 154 basis points in June after narrowing to 114 basis points in March. Yields on corporate debt rose to 3.72 percent.
The spread on provincial bonds was unchanged at 60 basis points, a two-week high.
Armtec Infrastructure Income Fund's Armtec Holdings unit said it plans to sell C$150 million in senior unsecured notes due in 2017. Bank of Nova Scotia and Toronto-Dominion Bank units are leading the sale. The company also said it plans to close a C$250 million revolving credit facility.
Canadian banks lost C$22 billion between 2007 and 2009 from capital markets investments, increasing risk for the lenders' bondholders, Moody's Investors Service reported yesterday.
Canadian Bank Risk
Canadian banks have expanded their capital markets businesses, leading to losses that were equal to 22 percent of "core" earnings over the period, the ratings company said.
Enbridge Inc. sold C$250 million in 2.93 percent bonds due in September 2015. The bonds priced to yield 91.8 basis points over government benchmarks.
Fortis plans debt sales in the fourth quarter for its Fortis Alberta, FortisBC and Terasen Gas units, Perry said. Each Fortis unit will probably sell C$100 million to C$150 million a year worth of bonds, he said.
Fortis raised power rates by an average of 3.5 percent starting Jan. 1 after regulators in British Columbia, Ontario, and Newfoundland approved increases for 2010. Fortis's second-quarter net income rose 3.8 percent to C$55 million as the company benefited from increased electricity sales and higher rates. The company's stock rose yesterday to C$30, a record high.
Higher Earnings
"Clearly with Fortis, you are sitting on an increased earnings profile," Roshan Thiru, an analyst at Manulife Financial Corp.'s MFC Global Asset Management unit, said in a telephone interview from Toronto. "The Fortis group of subsidiaries got a lot of positive regulatory decisions last year, and you are starting to see that trickle into earnings this year."
MFC Global oversees about C$16 billion in Canadian fixed-income assets for clients, including bonds of Fortis Alberta and Epcor.
Investors are flocking to utilities' bonds amid growing concern that the global economy may sink back into recession.
"Market sentiment has been negative and when that happens, people look for defensive sectors," said Thiru. "Clearly in Canada, the utility sector is viewed as defensive because of the favorable regulatory regime and the stability of the cash flows."
Across Canada
Fortis serves about 2.1 million customers through a natural gas utility in British Columbia, as well as electric utilities in five Canadian provinces and three Caribbean countries. Regulated operations account for about 90 percent of earnings and assets.
Most of Fortis's planned C$5 billion spending program will target Alberta and British Columbia, two of Canada's fastest-growing provinces. Alberta is home to the largest reserves of crude oil outside Saudi Arabia.
"Alberta and British Columbia are provinces we expect healthy growth from, and the last thing they want are blackouts due to a lack of infrastructure or a lack of power," Lanny Pendill, an analyst with Edward Jones & Co. in St. Louis, said in a telephone interview. "The regulators understand that."
DBRS Ltd. will consider upgrading its ratings on the company's unsecured debentures and preferred shares "if Fortis continues to exhibit strong financial and operating performance and maintain its conservative financial practices," analysts Robert Filippazzo and Michael Caranci wrote in a June 17 report.
"Their regulated business helps us feel confident that Fortis is going to earn a reasonable return on its investment," Pendill said.


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I thought this was just me, but I've now replicated on someone else's machine:
Whenever I "preview" a post, it opens in a new tab, which is great. But if i go back and make more changes, the "preview" again, it opens yet another tab, and so on.
Other browsers always re-load the preview in the same tab. Much more convenient!
Is this a known chrome bug?


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I stayed for 2nights one at the beginning and one at the end of my safari trip in Maasai Mara.
The Rooms are clean beds are comfortable. However,the rooms definitely need a furniture reimbursement and hotel deco is outdated. The staff are helpful and friendly. Overall good service, good location in city center.
If your staying for 1 or 2 nights its fine. If your stay is longer in Nairobi. You might want to opt for another hotel that reflects a 5star.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- InterContinental Nairobi has for years been an oasis of luxury for business travellers as well as those who want to experience the wonders of Africa. The Parliament buildings are a short stroll away, Kenyatta International Convention Centre is right next door and Nairobi National Park, Museum Hill and the Elephant Orphanage are within easy reach. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Booking.com, Hotwire, Expedia, Agoda, Priceline, IHG, Travelocity, TripOnline SA and Odigeo so you can book your InterContinental Nairobi reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Intercontinental Nairobi Hotel Nairobi
- Nairobi Intercontinental


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31 Halloween Craft Projects
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Sugary Sweet Candy Corn Costume
By: Heather Mann for Dollar Store Crafts
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Need some quick, easy Halloween costumes for your little ones? This Sugary Sweet Candy Corn Costume from Heather Mann is perfect! It's just scary how easy this costume is to make...and with the total cost somewhere around $5.00, it's a no-brainer!
- 1/4 yard each of white, orange, and yellow felt
- Ribbon
- Sewing machine & thread
Hot glue gun & glue (for no-sew option)
Sew 1/4 yard strips of felt together, making sure seams are on the same side. Sew white to orange, and orange to yellow. Alternately, hot glue the felt strips together.
Cut two pieces of the striped fabric, about 24" wide. Fold in half, and cut a diagonal. The bottom should be the full width, and the top should be about 8" wide when folded in half (16" wide total). Use a tape measure to keep your line straight, or eyeball it. Repeat for 2nd piece of striped fabric. You will probably have some striped fabric leftover, too.
When you unfold the fabric, it will be a trapezoid that looks like this. Adjust the length as desired.
Put the trapezoids right sides together. Sew shoulder seams as shown here, leaving 6" unsewn in the middle. This will be the neck. Alternately, hot glue together.
Sew up the sides, leaving about 6-8" at the top unsewn. This will be the sleeve. Alternately, hot glue sides together and remember to leave sleeve holes.
Fold over bottom, and sew a hem. You can skip this part, but I like it because of the stiffness it gives the hem, so the corn is nice and round. Alternately, hot glue the hem.
If you want, you can fold the sleeves over and hem them too, but you don't have to. Alternately, hot glue the hem.
Cut a scoop in the front for the neck. Cut a straight line down the back about 6" to make the hole big enough for little noggins to get through.
Cut two pieces of ribbon, about 12" long. Singe the ends with a flame to keep them from unraveling. Fold over top hem of back of costume. Sandwich ribbons in the end and sew or hot glue to secure.
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Bret Bertholf is a painter, writer, musician, and the yodeling singer for Halden Wofford & the Hi Beams, an acclaimed traditional country/western band, as well as the coordinator of children's events at the Tattered Cover Book Store. The artist is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design and lives in Denver, Colorado.
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text:
View allAll Photos Tagged thegates
...and only that,..., nothing more.
February 27, 2005 Final day
Le Louvre, Paris.
"The Gate", centerpiece of Dubai International Finance Center (DIFC).
Visit my Facebook Page
and my Website
Handheld Yashikor telephoto lens. ISO 200. Exposure bias -0.7.
Dubai International Financial Centre is a huge complex filled with modern architecture and amazingly designed buildings. It also houses art galleries and interesting sculptures.
(Cologne 2012)
~ Vincent van Gogh
taken at the gates of melancholy
Istanbul, Sultanahmet Cami
Photo taken at The Gates exhibition in Central Park in NYC
~ Pierce Brown
taken at the gates of melancholy
Sunset through the glass sphere.
The green glass culpture outside the Gate Newcastle upon Tyne.
Cristo's Gates, Central Park, New York City
Photos taken from Feb. 18-21, 2005
By Russell Yip
Cristo's The Gates in Central Park, 200
Cristo's The Gates in Central Park
Cristo's The Gates in Central Park
Photo taken at The Gates exhibition in Central Park in NYC


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Posted| Updated
A total of 86 workers are to lose their jobs at Adelaide car parts maker, Tenneco.
Topics: automotive, unemployment, adelaide-5000
Posted| Updated
Five players have been dropped from the New South Wales rugby league under-17 team after they were caught shoplifting at Sydney Airport.
Topics: rugby-league, nsw
Posted| Updated
Five players have been dropped from the New South Wales rugby league under-17 team after they were caught shoplifting at Sydney Airport.
Topics: rugby-league, nsw
Posted| Updated
The stand-off over funding for the defence of 13 Melbourne men accused of belonging to, and funding, a terrorist organisation is over.
Topics: courts-and-trials, terrorism, melbourne-3000
Posted| Updated
Federal Science Minister Julie Bishop says there was no radiation threat to workers at the Lucas Heights nuclear reactor when a pipe ruptured last week.
Topics: emergency-incidents, nuclear-issues, lucas-heights-2234
Posted| Updated
Dwyane Wade scored 42 points and Shaquille O'Neal made a pair of clutch free throws down the stretch as Miami rallied to beat Dallas 98-96 in game three of the 2006 NBA finals.
Topics: basketball, united-states
Posted| Updated
One of the 11 Australians teeing off in the US Open this week says winning the tournament could help revive the game in Australia.
Posted| Updated
England's captain David Beckham has no doubt that Michael Owen will bounce back after questions were asked about the Newcastle front man's form following a mediocre performance against Paraguay.
Topics: soccer-world-cup, england
Victoria's Premier, Steve Bracks, says the Opposition's policy to redirect the school start payment from parents to kindergartens will hurt families.
Topics: elections, states-and-territories, vic, ballarat-3350, bendigo-3550, horsham-3400, mildura-3500, sale-3850, wodonga-3690
River Murray irrigators will have their water allocations restricted for the fourth consecutive year due to dry conditions across the Murray Darling Basin.
Topics: water, irrigation, mount-gambier-5290, port-lincoln-5606, renmark-5341
The Tasmanian Government is under new pressure to explain discrepancies in its handling of the demise of the ferry, Spirit of Tasmania III.
Topics: transport, states-and-territories, hobart-7000
The Australian share market has made a recovery after falling 1 per cent in morning trade.
Topics: stockmarket, currency, futures, australia
Posted| Updated
ACT Liberal Senator Gary Humphries says he cannot support the Federal Government's decision to disallow civil union laws that recognised same-sex relationships.
Topics: federal---state-issues, sexuality, federal-government, canberra-2600
Australia's peak minerals group has dismissed suggestions that company directors be charged with a criminal offence if employees die on work sites.
Topics: mining-industry, laws, karratha-6714
A new art gallery in Paris, the Musee du Quai Branly in Paris, will showcase Indigenous art from around the world. Eight Australian artists have played a key role, painting more than 2,500 square metres of the building's ceilings, walls and facades.
Topics: library-museum-and-gallery, indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, france, australia
Posted| Updated
Wimbledon champion Venus Williams has been confirmed as a starter in the Hopman Cup mixed teams tennis event in Perth in December.
Posted| Updated
Federal Environment Minister Ian Campbell says he is not confident moves to stop Japan continuing its whaling program will be successful.
Topics: endangered-and-protected-species, federal-government, saint-kitts-and-nevis, australia, japan
Posted| Updated
Federal Communications Minister Helen Coonan says she is preparing to extend bans on Internet pornography to mobile phones and other portable electronic devices.
Topics: pornography, telecommunications, internet-culture, australia
Posted| Updated
A magistrate in the Queensland city of Rockhampton has rejected an application to dismiss charges against former teenage runaway Natasha Ryan and her boyfriend Scott Black.
Topics: courts-and-trials, rockhampton-4700
Mount Hotham in Victoria is to become the first ski resort in the world to use recycled waste water to make snow, not only to help save water but also to insure the ski industry against climate change.
Topics: winter-sports, vic
Banana growers in southern New South Wales are finding many bunches of the sought after fruit are being stolen.
A group of international astronomers gathered in Tasmania on Monday night to see the planet Pluto pass in front of a star.
Topics: astronomy-space, tas
There are renewed calls to stop raw sewage being pumped into Darwin Habour and for the local sewerage system to be upgraded, after a diver claimed it made him sick.
Topics: darwin-0800
The exotic sugar cane disease smut fungus, has been detected in a field near Childers on the east coast of Queensland for the first time.
Topics: sugar, crop-harvesting, childers-4660
Posted| Updated
Federal Opposition Leader Kim Beazley has called on Indonesia to monitor the movements of Indonesian cleric Abu Bakar Bashir, who has been released from jail.
Topics: world-politics, prisons-and-punishment, australia, indonesia


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Beans And Sausages In Beer
|Lean pork
|1⁄2 Pound, cut into 1/2 inch cubes
|Sliced onions
|1 Cup (16 tbs), sliced
|2 Tablespoon
|1 Tablespoon
|Kielbasa sausage
|1 Pound, skinned and cut in 1/2 inch rings
|12 Ounce
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|To Taste
|Freshly ground pepper
|To Taste
|Sprouted pinto beans
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs), steamed for 20 minutes
|Grated mild cheese
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
Heat butter and oil in large skillet or Dutch oven.
Brown pork quickly.
Add onions and saute over medium heat until soft.
Add sausage and beer.
Cover and simmer for 30 minutes.
Preheat oven to 325°.
In 2-qt.casserole, layer bean sprouts with cooked sausage, onions and pork.
Reduce liquid in Dutch oven slightly by boiling hard.
Pour over contents of casserole.
Sprinkle grated cheese over top.
Bake for 30 minutes, uncovered.
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 2222 Calories from Fat 1343
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 151 g231.6%
Saturated Fat 60.8 g304.2%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 591.1 mg197%
Sodium 7116.1 mg296.5%
Total Carbohydrates 58 g19.4%
Dietary Fiber 2.3 g9.3%
Sugars 5.7 g
Protein 139 g278.9%
Vitamin A 23.1% Vitamin C 174.9%
Calcium 81.1% Iron 63.9%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
Skip to Main Content
IEEE membership options for an individual and IEEE Xplore subscriptions for an organization offer the most affordable access to essential journal articles, conference papers, standards,
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Parametric methods of classification assume specific parametric models for competing population densities (e.g., Gaussian population densities can lead to linear and quadratic discriminant analysis) and they work well when these model assumptions are valid. Violation in one or more of these parametric model assumptions often leads to a poor classifier. On the other hand, nonparametric classifiers (e.g., nearest-neighbor and kernel-based classifiers) are more flexible and free from parametric model assumptions. But, the statistical instability of these classifiers may lead to poor performance when we have small numbers of training sample observations. Nonparametric methods, however, do not use any parametric structure of population densities. Therefore, even when one has some additional information about population densities, that important information is not used to modify the nonparametric classification rule. This paper makes an attempt to overcome these limitations of parametric and nonparametric approaches and combines their strengths to develop some hybrid classification methods. We use some simulated examples and benchmark data sets to examine the performance of these hybrid discriminant analysis tools. Asymptotic results on their misclassification rates have been derived under appropriate regularity conditions.
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


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Defining a testing server and database bindings
Defining a testing server and database bindings
To begin creating dynamic pages in Dreamweaver, we will need to modify our site with a proper remote folder information and specify the location of our testing server. So we are back in Dreamweaver, and we are going to go ahead and take care of all that by editing our newly defined Chapter 8 site. So I am going to go up to the menu, to Site, and choose Manage Sites. I will choose our Chapter 8 site, and I am going to click on the Edit button. So the first thing I want to do is go to my Remote Info, and on my Remote Info instead of Access being None, I am going to change that to Local/Network, because we are going to be developing locally. Depending upon whether you are developing on a Mac or a PC, we are going to have a slight difference here. We are on a Mac, so when I click on the Browse for Remote Folder, I am going to go to my Applications, and I am going to scroll down and find the MAMP folder, and remember we are going to be uploading our files directly into the htdocs folder. In...
Defining a testing server and database bindings provides you with in-depth training on Web. Taught by James Williamson as part of the Dreamweaver CS3 Beyond the Basics
- Subject:
- Web
- Software:
- Dreamweaver
- Author:
- James Williamson
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Getting in on this a little late.....but I am really digging 'Revenge' too. Have been watching it since the beginning via DVR but have not watched last nights episode yet. I got my DH hooked too which is always a good thing!
Someone asked....Who we thought shoots Daniel.
I would guess Amanda, since she is into Jack and you can tell Emily has, perhaps reluctantly, feelings for him too and likely eventually tires of seeing Amanda with him and tries to put an end to them being together, thus pissing Amanda off and wanting to get revenge on Emily by shooting Daniel, which I do believe Emily does have true feelings for as well. Any other interesting scenarios out there???
I also cannot stand Tyler and knew he was bad news from the get-go! Poor Ashley for seeing him with Nolen...can you imagine??? I hope Nolen grows a set and keeps the creep at bay!
Remember about Victoria not really seeming to like/love Charlotte (the Mother/Daughter gathering & hearing the tape of her feelings to the Shrink)....there's gotta be a story behind THAT! So maybe she IS David Clark's daughter?


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NYC Elementary School Goes 100% Renewable
The Metropolitan Montessori School has become the first private, primary/elementary school in New York City to purchase renewable Green Power for 100 percent of its electricity supply.
That translates into 136,000 kilowatt-hours of of Wind Energy, which will provide power to the school's 16,000-square-foot campus.
White Plains, NY-based ConEdison Solutions partnered with Wayne, PA's Community Energy to bring the wind-energy to the New York City area.
Compared to their current purchase of energy in New York, Montessori's Green Power purchase accounts for an annual carbon offset of over 175,000 lbs. of carbon dioxide emissions. This annual environmental benefit is equivalent to over 12,000 new trees or not driving over 150,000 miles.
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Photo Details
Harriet Marie Hubbard b.1824 Middleton, CT d.1913 Buffalo, WY. Married Peter Spang 1847 in New Haven, CT. She went around the horn in a merchant ship, crossed the Ismus of Panama by mule, got Panama Fever and was shipwrecked on the way to meet Peter in the California gold fields in Sonora. Opened a boarding house there, made more money than panning for gold, returned to CT, then to Buffalo, WY.
at Harriet Marie Hubbard Spang, Buffalo, Wyoming


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Linking El Niño, local rainfall, and migration timing in a tropical migratory species
Correspondence: Allison K. Shaw, tel. +61 02 612 58057, fax +61 02 612 55573, e-mail: email@example.com
Current climate models project changes in both temperature and precipitation patterns across the globe in the coming years. Migratory species, which move to take advantage of seasonal climate patterns, are likely to be affected by these changes, and indeed, a number of studies have shown a relationship between changing climate and the migration timing of various species. However, these studies have almost exclusively focused on the effects of temperature change on species that inhabit temperate zones. Here, we explore the relationship between rainfall and migration timing in a tropical species, Gecarcoidea natalis (Christmas Island red crab). We find that the timing of the annual crab breeding migration is closely related to the amount of rain that falls during a 'migration window' period prior to potential egg release dates, which is in turn related to the Southern Oscillation Index, an atmospheric El Niño- Southern Oscillation Index. As reproduction in this species is conditional on successful migration, major changes in migration patterns could have detrimental consequences for the survival of the species. This study serves to broaden our understanding of the effects of climate change on migratory species and will hopefully inspire future work on rainfall and tropical migrations.
If you can't find a tool you're looking for, please click the link at the top of the page to "Go to old article view". Alternatively, view our Knowledge Base articles for additional help. Your feedback is important to us, so please let us know if you have comments or ideas for improvement.


text:
Discover a selection of top forums songs imagine on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums songs imagine and meet other fans of songs imagine. Then, why don't you create your own forum of songs imagine ?
The wrestling roleplay forum for wrestling fans everywhere! Relive, Create, Imagine.
wwe:, revolution, superstars, divas, monday, night, friday, smackdown, shield, natalya, candice, michelle, chris, jericho, tyson, kidd, mcmahon, trish, stratus, rock
Relive your childhood memories & see what was out on those special times of your life. This forum gives a weekly view of the Top 40 songs from 1955-today. I hope this will be a true gem for all music
relive, your, childhood, memories, what, those, special, times, life, this, forum, gives, weekly, view, #songs, from, 1955-today


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Meet Sexy Local Singles on the Kansas City Phone Dating Line
Want to have fun tonight? Then be a part of this 24-7 party where you can find other possible daters! No matter what time of day the date line is always jumping so ring up the Kansas City Phone Dating today! It's totally free chat for everyone who wants to get wild. Call now and you will be chatting with sexy and hot singles live in no time. Take some time to meet other gorgeous single locals, don't miss out on this opportunity! There is no reason to not have a full social life any more. Now you can meet fun loving Kansas City singles who are looking for anything and almost everything, from partying and more! Sitting at home and want some excitement? Kansas City Phone Dating is inviting you out to socialize! It's a exciting way to meet other singles in your area! Thousands of sexy single men and women are desiring to connect with you!


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Domain Names
20 August 2007
«Domain tasting» : la spéculation sur les noms de domaine alarme l'Icann ZDNet
L'Icann s'inquiète des conséquences de la pratique de «domain tasting». Elle consiste à déposer des noms de domaine, tous azimuts, afin de tester l'audience qu'ils sont susceptibles de générer naturellement, pendant la période de rétractation en vigueur, à savoir cinq jours. Juste avant l'expiration du délai, ne sont alors conservés que les plus probants, c'est-à-dire un infime pourcentage.
Terror goes digital. With Canadian help Globe and Mail
Canada's Globe and Mail says the town of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, is a "pivotal battleground in the global jihad." This beautiful town of 7,000 people is home to a branch of Register.com. And Register.com allows people to anonymously register a domain name for a few extra dollars says the Globe and Mail. Any of these anonymously registered domain names, says the paper, have "the same address and phone number in Yarmouth." Also includes a link to a reply by Michael Geist.
Reviewing ICANN's GNSO report on introduction of new gTLDs
[TechNewsReview comment, with Dan Krimm response] In August 2007 ICANN launched a consultation paper on new top level domains and ICANN is encouraging input. There have been submissions in the development of this report that are well worth a read. There is also a call by Keep the Core Neutral for comments focussing on recommendation six, something that deserves further consideration and comment.
19 August 2007
ICANN clarification regarding .KP ccTLD ICANN
ICANN have issued a clarification following media reports that ICANN is scheduled to approve .kp as the ccTLD for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) at its upcoming meeting in LA in October.
Action Alert: Submit Your Comments to ICANN Keep the Core Neutral
Keep The Core Neutral - news release: ICANN announced that a 21-day comment period has opened for the public to submit comments regarding ICANN's proposed policy for approving new gTLDs on the Internet. The Keep The Core Neutral coalition (KTCN) has created a new Action Alert to guide supporters in submitting comments to ICANN. KTCN appeals to all supporters of free expression to participate in this public action.
Paris to host June 08 ICANN meeting ICANN
As per previous news items, it's been confirmed the wonderful city of Paris (the French one) will be hosting ICANN's 32nd public meeting.
17 August 2007
North Korea to connect to the internet
There is reporting in the Korean press, mostly in Korean, that North Korea is set to connect its internal internet to the global internet. In November, the Korea Times reports (in English) that ICANN is expected to approve North Korea's ccTLD of "kp".
ICANN choses Paris for June 08 meeting, maybe
DomainesInfo is reporting that while it's not official, Paris is apparently ICANN's choice for its June 2008 meeting following an internal ICANN meeting this week.
Does Success Hinge on a Domain Name? Business Week
An entrepreneur with a startup looking for a domain and business name will often play around "with sounds in hopes of hitting upon a unique combination of vowels and consonants that he could turn into a brand" according to this Business Week story, the story in itself an example of the importance of domain names today. Using this method, Business Week reports it's given us a range of start-ups with names like Bebo, Etsy, Lala, Lulu, Zlio, Zoho, Ning, and Zing. Business Week notes all but 20,000 of the available combinations of 4 letter domains have been taken. With such a scarcity of 4 letter domains, it's led to domainers getting in on the act. An example given is of one domainer who now owns several thousand 4 letter domains, selling 7 or 8 domains per month for an average of around US$1,000. Business Week notes less than 1% of domain sales break $100,000.
ICANN Calls For Feedback On Domain Tasting
Last week's call for feedback on domain tasting from ICANN gained a reasonable amount of coverage. Thomas Claburn writing in Information Week, among others, suggested this raised the possibility that domain speculation might someday be curtailed. The rest of Claburn's article explains domain tasting and the history. Other articles seem to reproduce the ICANN announcement. Elsewhere, WebProNews also looks at the announcement and domain tasting, suggesting it "may have larger implications than just bulk domainers being clever enough to leverage a bureaucratic loophole.
15 August 2007
Does Success Hinge on a Domain Name? And Finding Your Dream Domain Name
Business Week has a couple of stories on finding the right domain name, what to do when you've found that domain name but someone else owns it. And that maybe choose your company name before you choose your domain name.
14 August 2007
Editorial: ICANN's WHOIS Policy Shift Would Be Criminal Negligence ComputerWorld
ComputerWorld's editorial is critical of changes to Whois they believe are likely to happen and begins, "There's a move afoot to help criminals obscure their illegal online activities." How? ComputerWorld claims it's because "ICANN is considering making it possible for anyone to avoid putting Web site ownership and contact information into the Internet's WHOIS database." ComputerWorld blames this on "an unholy alliance of privacy ideologues, primarily in the European Union, and greedy ISPs." ComputerWorld says Whois is "one small tool available to identify the ISP serving a bogus Web site and force it to shut the site down" and is one tool in helping to track down phishers or typosquatters.
What Zittrain Doesn't Get by Milton Mueller Internet Governance blog
Milton Mueller is exercised following comments by Professor Jonathan Zittrain and links this to a paper by Dawn Nunziato. Nunziato, as Mueller notes, challenges "the prevailing idea that ICANN's governance of the Internet's infrastructure does not threaten free speech."
12 August 2007
ICANN Launches Latest Consultation on New TLDs ICANN
ICANN is taking another step towards its goal of bringing new generic gTLDs online with today's launch of a public consultation on a key report from ICANN's GNSO.
ICANN Request for Information on Domain Tasting ICANN
In view of the increase in domain tasting (definitions below), the GNSO Council recently considered an Issues Report on Domain Tasting and resolved to form an ad hoc group for further fact-finding on the effects of this practice. The ad hoc group has prepared these questions to assist in gathering facts and opinions, while inviting both qualitative and quantitative input. The group would especially appreciate statistical and other empirical evidence to support your responses, or references to potential sources of information.
11 August 2007
2,500,000 .nl domain names registered
On 8 August, the 2,500,000th .nl domain name was registered.
nz: Third consultation on RMC Policy Review NZ Domain Name Commissioner
InternetNZ, through the Domain Name Commission (DNC), is currently reviewing the Registering, Managing and Cancelling Domain Names policy. An initial call for comments on the policy review resulted in four submissions being received.
The Return of the IPv4 Shortage eWeek
Are we running out of IPv4 addresses? Larry Seltzer wonders if we are, or if it's an urban legend (I'd call it an 'urban myth'!) Larry notes there are many who predict IPv4 addresses will run out around 2009/2010 - not very far away when one has to start planning for these things. So what happens then?
.ru approaches 1 million registrations
The .ru ccTLD has passed 950,000 registrations and should reach one million registrations in September according to a recent article from CNews. By passing one million registrations, the .ru ccTLD will be the eighth largest, behind .de, .uk, .cn, .eu, .nl, .it and .us with .ca and .dk close behind.
Public input into ICANN made easier with one-stop comment page ICANN
ICANN is making it easier for the community to review all of the issues in the consultation phase and to provide their comments with a new public comment page on the ICANN website. "This new webpage aims to provide a quick and simple entry point for people to read up and comment on ICANN's ongoing processes, and thereby enhance and increase participation from the Internet community," said Paul Levins, ICANN's Executive Officer and Vice President, Corporate Affairs. "Like the recent launch of the ICANN Monthly Magazine, the page should also help people understand what issues are being discussed at ICANN, and how interested stakeholders can contribute."
10 August 2007
us: Cybersquatting bill by Sen. Little will become law
Coming soon to New York state, and taking aim at cybersquatters, nobody in the state "will be able to register a domain name that is similar to or the same as another living person or business." In her announcement, Senator Little says "It's wrong, in my opinion, to buy up domain names reflecting the names of existing people or businesses with the intention of selling the names for a profit back to those persons or businesses."
ICANN spreads love, opens bosom to all The Register
Is Burke Hansen falling love with ICANN? Writing in The Register he writes of ICANN's continued ongoing outreach efforts following "two announcements: the establishment of an ICANN online magazine and the expansion of a pilot fellowship program." Hansen writes "Any move by ICANN to make the organization more comprehensible to the average internet user is welcome, and the magazine is written in a casual, colloquial style to further that end."
CitizenHawk TypoAlert: Cybersquatting on Celebrity Names is Big Busines CitizenHawk
Cybersquatters are fraudulently using celebrity names to generate advertising revenue announces CitizenHawk in its latest news release. The news release list the most frequently cybersquatted celebrities, the top 3 being Paris Hilton, Britney Spears and Beyonce.
09 August 2007
Phishers Now Targeting Domain Registrars by Edward Falk Circle ID
This is an issue of some concern and should be watched carefully: phishers are now trying to get passwords of domain registrants (domain owners). Currently, correspondents inform me that GoDaddy is the target, but there's no reason to think the phishers won't expand to other registrars. Normally, phishers go after bank accounts or other financial information, or sometimes the online accounts of users so that they may send spam.
Cybersquatters target Kevin07
Down here in paradise (aka Australia) there's an election looming and the web is becoming an important part of political campaigning, although not to the same extent as in the USA. So yesterday the Australian Labor Party launched the website kevin07.com. While they registered the .com and .com.au names, they didn't register a range of variants. So guess who has got in on the act. Ahhh, cybersquatters, man's best friend! Not!


text:
SAN ANTONIO (AP) – An El Paso man faces up to 1½ years in state jail after pleading guilty to urinating on the Alamo.
Daniel Athens pleaded guilty Tuesday in state district court in San Antonio to felony criminal mischief. In a statement, Bexar County District Attorney Susan Reed says Athens reached a plea deal that includes paying restitution of $4,000 to repair damage to the former mission's limestone facade.
Athens, who's 23, was arrested April 14, 2012, after he was found urinating on a front wall of the shrine. He initially was charged with misdemeanor public intoxication and public urination, but the district attorney's office said it might pursue the state-jail felony charge.
(© Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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