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A rare old 75cl bottling of 25 year old Speyside single malt from Aberlour distillery, bottled back in 1989. It comes complete with a wooden presentation box and key.
This bottle was part of a… More info
Ooh, an indie Aberlour! Don't see many of these, do you? This was bottled by Douglas Laing for the Xtra Old Particular range, drawn from a single Sherry butt which matured the whisky from November… More info
A single cask bottling of Aberlour single malt Scotch whisky, aged for 25 years in a refill hogshead. It was distilled back in October 1990 and left to mature for a quarter of a century until March… More info
This is a Celebration of the Cask bottling of 24 year old Auchentoshan single malt, aged in a single Sherry hogshead which was filled in October 1991 and cracked open in March 2015. 215 bottles were… More info
A 24 year old Auchentoshan single malt, bottled for the excellent Hunter Laing Old & Rare Platinum range. This single cask Lowland whisky was distilled in October 1991 and allowed to mature in a… More info
Would you look at this - a 25 year old, triple distilled single malt from the Auchentoshan distillery in the Lowlands that has been finished in first-fill Bordeaux wine barriques. It was first… More info
At the time of writing, this single cask bottling of 21 year old Auchroisk is close to being half as old as the distillery itself, as Auchroisk was founded in 1974. Of course, this rather amusing… More info
Ooh, here's an indie bottling of 22 year old Auchroisk single malt Scotch whisky, presented at cask strength! This was distilled in December 1991 and bottled in October 2014 with an outturn of 209… More info
A Duncan Taylor bottling of Auchroisk single malt Scotch whisky, released as part of the Octave range. This Sherried expression was distilled in 1991 and left to mature of 22 years, before finally… More info
This is an independent bottling of 22 year old Aultmore single malt, bottled by the wonderful Berry Brothers & Rudd. It was distilled in 1991, matured in cask #6089 and bottled by BB&R in 2014 at 46%… More info
A Montgomerie's bottling of 23 year old Aultmore single malt Scotch whisky, matured in a single cask. This release features whisky distilled in November 1991 and set aside to mature until it was… More info
Dewer's 'The Last Great Malts' range was unveiled in 2014, and with it came this 25 year old Aultmore single malt Scotch whisky. Not afraid to show its age, this expression is packed with baked… More info
This Balblair was distilled in 1991 and bottled by Gordon and MacPhail for their Private Collection. The whisky has been finished in a Crozes-Hermitage red wine cask for a rich fruity flavour. More info
The Balvenie 25 Year Old Single Barrel Traditional Oak, was introduced to the Balvenie single malt Scotch whisky range in 2014. Released in batches, each bottle is one of no more than 300, drawn from… More info
At the top of the Balvenie Triple Cask range sits the 25 Year Old. This incredible expression contains whiskies aged in traditional refill casks, first-fill ex-bourbon barrels and first-fill Oloroso… More info
A 23 year old Ben Nevis, matured in a single Sherry butt from August 1991 to December 2014. This was bottled by Signatory for their Un-Chillfiltered Collection, and as such, not a single drop of this… More info
A well-Sherried Ben Nevis single malt Scotch whisky here, bottled by Signatory for the Cask Strength Collection. This was distilled in October 1991, aged in a Sherry butt for 24 years and then… More info
Well hello, gorgeous! This is a wonderful presentation case of 25 year old single malt Scotch whisky, which was distilled in early December 1984 and bottled in late December 2010, just before it… More info
BenRiach 25 year old is aged in a combination of three different cask types: Oloroso, bourbon and virgin oak. Now bottled "at the preferred strength of 46.8%". More info
Independently bottled BenRiach single malt Scotch whisky, which was matured in a refill puncheon. This Speyside single malt was distilled in October 1989 and bottled in October 2014 with an outturn… More info
A fabulous 25 year old BenRiach and peated too, which is unusual for a Speyside malt. This is the next step up after the lovely 21 year old Authenticus, offering up more complexity and power as well… More info
Blair Athol at a natural cask strength of 55.3% abv after 22 years maturing in a single cask. Hardly ever seen as an official bottling (there was a Flora and Fauna bottling with a cool otter on it),… More info
A 22 year old Blair Athol single malt, distilled in 1991 and bottled 2014. This was independently bottled by the wonderful Berry Brothers & Rudd, wine and spirit merchant extraordinaires. More info
Sherried Blair Athol single malt Scotch whisky, matured in a single Sherry oak cask for 23 years! It was distilled back in August 1991 and bottled in October 2014 by Duncan Taylor for their Duncan… More info
This is a single malt Scotch whisky distilled by Blair Athol in the Highlands, bottled for the Pearls of Scotland range. Though lots of Blair Athol's whisky is used for some big name blends, their… More info


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I chose to study Law at Carleton because of its unique and unparalleled program. Being in the nation's capital with access to so many resources provides an experience that no other university in Canada has to offer students interested in Law. The faculty and department consist of some of the brightest individuals in their respected fields and it's a privilege to be taught by such influential people. Not only are the professors experts in their fields of study, but also they are truly vested in making sure that you succeed within and outside of the classroom.Devin Harm, second-year student in Law

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Yale 60mm Brass Effect Night Latch P-BS1-BLX-PB-60
Yale 60mm Brass Effect Night Latch P-BS1-BLX-PB-60
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This brass effect night latch is ideal for securing wooden doors. Recommended for use in conjunction with another lock, such as a deadlock or Euro cylinder.
- 60mm backset
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The interference effects caused by the Fresnel reflections of a Gaussian beam on the boundaries of a dielectric plate, which can be considered as a Fabry-Perot etalon, were theoretically and experimentally investigated. In addition to the incident angle and the polarization of the incident light, two additional parameters—the plate's parallelism and the temperature—which are often neglected, were analyzed. Based on the theoretical predictions and the measured behavior of the transmittance of the dielectric plate a new, temperature-controlled variable high-power-laser attenuator is proposed. Unwanted changes in the plate's transmittance caused by the absorption of laser pulses within the plate are also presented. These phenomena are important in many applications where dielectric plates are used for a variety of purposes.
1. Introduction
The power of an optical beam can be reduced by four basic physical phenomena: absorption [1], reflection [2], polarization [3,4] and interference [5]. The ideal laser attenuator should enable a uniform power reduction over a wide dynamic range, should not significantly affect the beam's geometrical (diameter, divergence, intensity profile, direction) and polarization properties [6], and should have a simple, robust, and inexpensive mechanical and optical design [7]. Among the various attenuation designs [1,2,4–10], several principles [1,6,8] can be used for the attenuation of high-peak-power laser beams, where the main obstacles arise from damage and heating instabilities [1].
One example of a commercially available high-power-laser attenuator is based on the Fresnel transmissions through two pairs of wedged plates [6]. Here, the attenuation is achieved by Fresnel reflections on the surfaces of the plates rather than by absorption in the plates. Since no coating is involved, such an attenuator enables high-power handling and can be used for a broad range of wavelengths. To avoid the complex tilting mechanism of four wedge plates an uncoated dielectric plate can be implemented as a simple high-power-laser attenuator based on multiple reflections. In this case, the variation of the attenuation can be achieved through the tilt of a single window or by changing the number of plates being utilized. However, to use a tilted parallel dielectric plate as a multilevel attenuator, the temperature, the small wedge angle, and other effects need to be investigated [2].
This paper investigates the interference effects caused by the reflections on the boundaries of a dielectric plate. A great deal of the interest in these effects arises from the many applications where dielectric plates are involved for a variety of purposes: from Brewster windows and etalons for mode selection [11] to multilevel, high-power-laser attenuators [2]. We describe these effects in terms of the multiple reflections of a Gaussian beam within a thin plate. Here, the interference takes place among the successively reflected and transmitted beams. When the plate is thin in comparison with the beam-waist radius, the intensity profile of the transmitted beam and its direction are not significantly altered.
We measured the angle and the temperature dependence of a thin dielectric plate's transmittance and compare them with theoretical results. The dependence of interference phenomena with respect to the beam's incident angle results in transmittance oscillations, and this was studied by Cotteverte et al. [11]. However, they considered only the first two transmitted beams, which led to the wrong results at large angles. Their inappropriate physical assumption led to a misinterpretation of the results for a thin plate when they assigned the decrease of the interference maxima with the angle to the limited geometry of the Gaussian beam. In our analysis sufficient transmitted beams are taken into account, so the error arising from the remaining beams is less than 1% at all angles. We show experimentally that the main contribution to the decrease of the interference maxima—when the plate is thin in comparison with the beam-waist radius—results from the small wedge, i.e., the degree of the plate's parallelism.
The main goal of our paper is a presentation of the temperature-dependent interference phenomena that can be utilized for a manipulation of the plate's attenuation or can be considered as unwanted effects. In this paper both aspects are covered. The application of a variable laser attenuator based on a thin dielectric plate and temperature regulation is demonstrated as a utilization of the temperature-dependent interference effects. Here, the absorption of the laser energy in the plate should be as low as possible to avoid damages and other unwanted effects, and its transmittance is changed by the interference due to the different thicknesses and refractive indices for the different temperatures of the plate. On the other hand, when the absorption of the laser energy is significant, unwanted effects need to be taken into account. To provide a qualitative demonstration of this, we present measurements of the plate's transmittance during its absorption of high-power-laser pulses. In this case, the plate's transmission changes with the pulses due to the heating caused by the absorption of energy from the high-power laser.
2. Theory
The electric field reflectance r and transmission t for a single dielectric boundary depend on the angle of incidence θi, the polarization of the light and the ratio n between the refractive indices of the incident and the transmitting media. For an uncoated plate and an arbitrary polarization they can be conveniently described using the Jones matrices:
Here, the subscripts s and p stand for the linear polarizations perpendicular (s-polarization) and parallel (p-polarization) to the plane of incidence, respectively. The electric field transmission (ts,p) and reflectance (rs,p) are given by the Fresnel laws.
If Es and Ep are the electric field components for both polarizations, the Jones vector E for the polarized light and the reflected intensity Ir are defined as:
A dielectric plate made using a material with the refractive index n and thickness d can be considered as a Fabry-Perot etalon (FPE) having two reflecting surfaces that have the reflectivity R(θi) and are separated by a distance d. When a monochromatic laser light is incident upon the dielectric plate, multiple reflections take place inside the plate, leading to successive reflected and transmitted beams. If the laser beam can be described as the fundamental mode of a coherent Gaussian beam (TEM00 mode) and the absorption within the plate is neglected, the power transmittance of the interference attenuator can be calculated using the Jones matrices [11] as follows.
The fundamental mode of the Gaussian beam is given by [12]:
Here, E0 stands for the amplitude of the electric field at the center of the beam waist, k is the wave number in the z-direction, λ is the wavelength in the vacuum, w0 is the beam-waist radius, z0 is the Rayleigh length, while w(z), ρ(z) and η(z) are: the beam half-width; the radius of the wave front curvature; and a phase-shift difference between the Gaussian beam and the ideal plane wave at the distance z from the waist, respectively. The beam half-width, called also a spot size, corresponds to the distance from the beam's center, where the field's amplitude decays to 1/e of its maximum.
Figure 1(a) shows a Gaussian beam that is incident upon a dielectric plate, making an angle θi with the surface normal. From the geometry presented in Fig. 1(a) it can be seen that the transverse displacement Δx between the two adjacent, reflected beams appears in addition to the path difference between the successive transmitted beams. The electric field of the m-th transmitted beam can be given by:13] should be taken into account. The phase shift of the first transmitted beam and the phase-shift difference for one round trip in the plate are denoted by δ0 and δ, respectively. The vector A contains the polarization as well as the reflectance and transmittance for the m-th transmitted field.
Fig. 1
The reflection of the beam at the dielectric boundary changes the amplitude and the phase of the reflected electric field. The amplitude of the reflected beam is described by the real coefficients rs,p, while the δr in Eq. (3) stands for the phase change. For the purpose of our calculations, only the internal reflections need to be taken into consideration. The phase change δr is defined as [14]:Eq. (4), since the angle of refraction θt never exceeds the critical angle. According to Eq. (4), the term 2δr in Eq. (3) is either 0 or 2π and therefore does not change the electric field of the m-th transmitted beam.
The transmitted electric field E t and the corresponding intensity It at any point can be expressed as the sum of the successive output beams:
Since the power-transmission coefficient of the plate is equal to the ratio between the input and the output powers, the intensity in Eq. (5) should be integrated over the diffracting aperture. In the case when the plate is thin, the beam parameters (w, ρ and η) are approximately constant and the transmitted power Pt can be calculated from the transmitted intensity as:
The cosine in Eq. (6) can be divided into the product of sines and cosines using trigonometric relations. Since the integral of the product of an exponential and sine function is zero, and the following identity is valid:
Here, the power reflectance R(θ i), defined by Eq. (1), is a function of the incident angle and depends on the polarization of the incident light. Using the relations defined by Eq. (2), the term in the curly brackets in Eq. (7) reduces to . Therefore, the power-transmission coefficient for a Gaussian beam can be described as:
In the limit of the plane wave (), the term in the curly brackets in Eq. (8) goes to zero and the power-transmission coefficient for the dielectric plate yields the well-known Airy function [15]:Eq. (3).
In the case of the Gaussian beam, the exponential term in Eq. (8) is equal to 1 only for m = l or Δx = 0, i.e., for normal incidence. In all other cases it is smaller than 1 and therefore reduces the amplitude of the fringes corresponding to the plane wave. This phenomenon can be explained by the overlapping between the reflected beams. Since the Gaussian beam is limited, the overlapping between neighboring beams (i.e., m ≠ l) at large angles is reduced. From the term in the curly brackets in Eq. (8) it can be concluded that the limited beam effects depend on the ratio between the transverse displacement Δx and the beam-waist radius w0, and does not depend on the distance between the beam source and the plate's position.
3. Experimental setup
For the measurements of the interference phenomena caused by multiple reflections on the boundaries of a dielectric plate we put together the experimental setup shown in Figs. 1(b) and 1(c). As a dielectric plate we applied a 140-μm-thick polished borosilicate glass plate with a refractive index n = 1.52 and a calculated thermal diffusivity. Here, κ = 0.96 W m−1 K−1 stands for the thermal conductivity, ρ = 2510 kg m−3 is the density, and cp = 800 J kg−1 K−1 is the specific heat capacity. The flatness of the plate was λ/10 at 633 nm. We tested three plates with equal thickness and flatness, but different parallelism. The parallelism was measured by a homodyne quadrature laser interferometer [16] and was 200 μrad, 45 μrad, and 15 μrad for the individual plates.
Transmission measurements were performed with the He-Ne laser probe beam (λ = 633 nm) using the beam-waist radius w0 = 400 μm. The spot size on the plate was w = 448 μm and the radius of curvature was ρ = 1.98 m. The cylindrical head of the polarized He-Ne laser was rotated so that the linear polarization of the probe beam was perpendicular to the plane of incidence (s-polarization). The absorption of a He-Ne light within the thin plate can be neglected, since the absorption coefficient μ was estimated to be less than 0.7 m−1.
In the first set of measurements related to the angle-dependent interference effects (see Fig. 1(b)) the dielectric plate, maintained at a constant room temperature, was rotated around the vertical axes with a constant angular velocity ω = 31.4 s−1. In this way the transmission of the plate was measured as a function of the incident angle θi. The transmitted light was collected by a lens (L) and measured by a photodiode (PD) located at the focus of the lens.
When the temperature-dependent effects were investigated, the transmission of the rotated plate was measured at different temperatures of the plate. The temperature was shifted from 325 K to 545 K with steps of ~5 K. During a single measurement, i.e., a measurement over all the incident angles, the temperature of the plate was constant and uniform.
The second part of our experimental investigation was a qualitative study of the interference effects due to heating of the plate, caused by the absorption of high-power-laser pulses (see Fig. 1(c)). For this purpose we employed a fourth-harmonic-generation Nd-YAG laser (λ = 266 nm) as a heating source (the excitation laser) due to its high absorption coefficient in borosilicate glass. The absorption coefficient was evaluated by UV-vis spectrophotometer (Hewlett Packard 8453) to be higher than 7 × 104 m−1. The duration of the excitation laser pulse was 5 ns, the repetition rate was 20 Hz, the beam radius was 1.5 mm, and the pulse energy was 13 mJ. A fraction of the excitation-laser energy (0.5 mJ per pulse) was reflected from the front surface of the plate, while the rest (12.5 mJ per pulse) was absorbed within the plate.
The dielectric plate was fixed perpendicular to the He-Ne probe beam during this set of measurements, while the excitation beam was placed at an angle φ of 25 degrees with respect to the plate's normal. Both beams were crossed concentrically on the plate. A band-pass filter (BPF) was placed in front of the photodiode to eliminate the light from the excitation laser.
A single measurement was performed in a time period of 40 s. In the first 25 s a total of 500 pulses were absorbed in the plate, increasing its temperature from room temperature (300 K) to 490 K, where steady-state conditions were achieved. After that the excitation laser was switched off and the transmittance was measured during the plate's cooling.
4. Results and discussion
Figure 2 shows the transmittance of the 140-μm-thick dielectric plate (n = 1.52) as a function of the incident angle. It should be noted that the transmittance in our case reflects the spatially averaged transmitted power and does not consider the spatial distortion of the transmitted beam profile. Both the theoretical and experimental results revealed the typical behavior of multiple-reflected interference phenomena, which manifests itself in transmittance oscillations.
Fig. 2
Theoretical results (Figs. 2(a) and 2(b)) were determined for both polarizations in order to show the influence of the polarization of the incident light. In the case of the p-polarized light (Fig. 2(b)), the incident light is perfectly transmitted through the plate, with no reflections, when the incident angle is equal to the Brewster angle θB. Therefore, at that angle, defined as tan(θB) = n, the transmittance oscillations disappear.
Theoretical results were also obtained with both theories—for the Gaussian beam (Eq. (8), see Fig. 2 (a)) and for the plane wave (Eq. (9), see Fig. 2 (b)). In the case of the Gaussian beam (Fig. 2(a)), the beam parameters used in our calculations are equal to the characteristics of our probe beam described in the Experimental setup. Equation (8) includes an infinite series of transmitted beams. However, the first 25 transmitted beams were taken into account during our calculation. This result was compared with the transmittance calculated from the first 50 transmitted beams. The difference between both results was less than 1% at all the incident angles. On the other hand, when only the first two transmitted beams are considered, as in Ref [11], this error increases with the incident angle, from 10% for the transmittance peak at 65° to 86% for the last peak at 87°.
A comparison between the transmittance of a Gaussian beam (Fig. 2(a)) and the plane wave (Fig. 2(b)) through a dielectric plate shows the following. In the case of the plane wave, which is not spatially limited, the peak values of the transmittance oscillations are equal to 1 for all the incident angles. On the other hand, the Gaussian beam is spatially limited and therefore the peak values of the oscillations diminish at large angles. This happens because the successively reflected and transmitted beams are only partially overlapped. The described effect is small when the beam-waist radius w0 is large in comparison with the plate's thickness d.
If the incident light is incoherent, the transmittance oscillations disappear and the transmittance of a dielectric plate can be expressed as:Eq. (1). The results of Eq. (10) are shown in Fig. 2 with the solid, black curve.
The measured transmittance of the 140-μm-thick dielectric plate (n = 1.52) as a function of the incident angle is presented in Figs. 2(c) and 2(d). Figure 2(c) shows the transmittance for the plate with a parallelism of 15 μrad. A comparison of these results with the corresponding theoretical results in Fig. 2(a) reveals a good agreement between the experiment and the theory. However, in contrast to the theoretical predictions, the experimental results show a larger decrease in the interference maxima at large angles. This happens because the dielectric plate is not perfectly parallel; instead, it forms a small wedge. The wedge changes the plate's thickness, so particular points of the probe-beam profile experience a different transmittance. To prove this we measured the transmittance of plates with equal thickness and flatness, but different parallelisms. The gray and the red curves in Fig. 2(d) show the measured transmittance for the plates with parallelisms of 45 μrad and 200 μrad, respectively. It is clear that the interference maxima decrease when the wedge increases from 15 μrad (the gray curve in Fig. 2 (c)) to 45 μrad (the gray curve in Fig. 2(d)). In the case of the plate with a parallelism of 200 μrad, i.e., the 200-nm change in plate's thickness at 1 mm, which approximately corresponds to a λ/4-change of the plate's thickness within the probe-beam diameter, the measured transmittance conforms to the transmittance of the incoherent light. This phenomenon can be seen by a comparison between the black and the red curves in Fig. 2 (d). The similarity with the results of the incoherent light is a consequence of measuring the transmittance of the whole beam, which gives an average transmittance of the distorted beam profile. However, the intensity at any particular point of the transmitted beam will show the interference oscillations.
When the plate is employed as a variable laser attenuator, the precise manipulation of the plate's transmittance is important. From the results presented in Fig. 2 it can be concluded that it is difficult to control the plate's transmittance with the incident angle. A more accurate manipulation can be achieved by changing the plate's thickness. This can be done most conveniently by heating the dielectric plate.
The change of a phase-shift difference for one round trip in the plate, δ, in a linear approximation depends on the plate's temperature change as:
Here, ΔT denotes the temperature change; n0 and d0 are initial refractive index and the plate's thickness, respectively; α is the linear temperature coefficient; and shows the change of the refractive index with the plate's temperature. We will combine the last two coefficients, α and, in a linear coefficient αd,n.
The measured transmittance of the s-polarized light at all the incident angles as a function of the plate's temperature, shown in Fig. 3 , demonstrates the utilization of a dielectric plate as a variable laser attenuator. The upper two graphs in Fig. 3(a) (Media 1) show the magnification of the transmittance for incident angles around θi = 0° and θi = 70°, respectively. It is clear that the temperature change of ΔT ~75 K alters the transmittance at normal incidence from its trough to its peak value. Therefore, at normal incidence, one fringe occurs during the ΔT ~150 K.
Fig. 3
A quantitative evolution of the attenuator's transmittance as a function of the temperature change ΔT for particular angles θi = 0° and θi = 70° is shown as the circles in Figs. 3(b) and 3(c), respectively. The black curves show a theoretical fit according to Eq. (9), where the temperature-dependent phase-shift difference δ(ΔT), defined by Eq. (11), was involved. The fitting parameters, d0 and αd,n, obtained with the least-squares method, are equal to 140 μm ± 0.080 μm, and 10−5 K−1 ± 10−6 K−1, respectively. For normal incidence (Fig. 3(b)) the transmittance trough value equals ~0.84, while the transmittance peak value reaches ~1. The transmittance changes periodically with a period of ΔT ~150 K. This period increases with the angle of incidence and is equal to 180 K at θi = 70° (Fig. 3(c)). Here, the measured transmittance is in the interval between 0.29 and 0.9. Therefore, the dielectric plate applied as an attenuator at this incident angle has a 4 times greater dynamic range than at normal incidence. This is a consequence of the higher reflectivity of the plate's surface according to Eq. (1). The difference in the peak values between the fitted (the black curve) and the measured transmittance appears at large angles because the limited beam and the wedge effects are not taken into account in Eq. (9).
When the absorption of the laser energy within the plate is significant, the temperature-dependent attenuation is considered as an unwanted effect. This phenomenon is visible in Fig. 4(a) , showing the measurement of the plate's transmittance for the He-Ne probe beam during the absorption of the excitation-laser pulses. Figure 4(b), which is a magnification of the first 1.5 s of Fig. 4(a), reveals the rapid change of the plate's transmittance during each 50 ms. This period corresponds to the frequency of the excitation laser. The temperature change caused by an individual pulse can be estimated by a comparison of the results presented in Figs. 3(b) and 4(b). In this way we estimated that a single pulse increased the plate's temperature by ΔT ~4 K. This value is comparable with the temperature rise calculated by the specific heat equation, where the heat equals the absorbed pulse energy (12.5 mJ).
Fig. 4
The temperature profile within the plate depends on the excitation-beam profile, the absorption coefficient and the thermal diffusivity. However, in our case the He-Ne probe beam was crossed concentrically with the larger excitation-laser beam. Therefore the transmittance within the probe-beam cross-section was approximately constant. We confirmed this by measurements of the transmittance for the probe beam, which was slightly moved out of the center of the excitation-laser beam.
The transmittance changes approximately sinusoidally with temperature, since the dielectric plate at normal incidence can be considered as a FPE with a low finesse. Therefore, the change of transmittance, caused by a single pulse, depends on the sub-fringe region. In the region where the FPE's response has a peak value, e.g., at t = 0.4 s in Fig. 4(b), the single pulse changes the transmittance by 1%. On the other hand, the transmittance does not change at the troughs and peaks, where the FPE's response is zero.
During the first few pulses of the excitation laser, the temperature of the plate is only slightly different to the environmental temperature. So, the heat losses due to conduction and radiation are small. As a consequence, the temperature of the plate between two successive pulses stays approximately constant, as can be seen from the time interval between 0 and 0.5 s in Fig. 4 (b). The heat dissipation increases with the plate's temperature. This leads to a considerable temperature drop between two pulses, as is visible from the time interval between 0.8 s and 1.5 s in Fig. 4(b). Steady-state conditions (the red curve in Fig. 4(c)) are achieved when the temperature losses during two pulses are equal to the temperature rise caused by a single pulse. In our case this happened at around the time t = 10 s, i.e., when the first 200 pulses were absorbed into the plate. The steady-state conditions depend on the excitation-laser power, absorption coefficient and the thermal properties of the plate.
When the laser was switched off, the plate started to cool, as can be seen from the blue curve in Figs. 4(a) and 4(c). Since the plate's heat is continuously dissipating during the cooling, there are no discrete "steps" in the transmittance change.
In our study we measured the transmittance for the He-Ne probe beam with negligible absorption, while the excitation laser was used as a heating source. Therefore in this case the attenuation depends only on the temperature-dependent interference effects caused by the heating due to the absorption of the excitation-laser energy. On the other hand, when the excitation laser with a significant (but finite) absorption is attenuated its attenuation depends on the interference-effects as well as on the absorption within the plate. The first effect depends on the laser-pulse energy and the absorption coefficient of the dielectric plate, and varies with time until the steady-state conditions are achieved. The second effect depends on the absorption coefficient and the plate's thickness and stays approximately constant.
The described, unwanted temperature-dependent effects should be taken into account when a dielectric plate with a significant absorption is involved in high-power-laser applications. This is especially important when only a few pulses [17,18] are used. In this case steady-state conditions cannot be achieved and, therefore, the intensity of the beam transmitted through the plate varies with time.
5. Conclusion
We have presented theoretical and experimental results relating to the interference effects caused by Fresnel reflections on the boundaries of a dielectric plate. These results reveal the typical behavior of multiple-reflected beams interfering with each other, which manifests itself in the plate's transmittance oscillations. We investigated their dependence on the incident angle of the laser beam, the plate's parallelism and the plate's temperature. These effects are interesting because of the wide range of laser applications where dielectric plates are involved as Brewster windows, etalons, or variable high-power attenuators.
The influences of small wedges, a limited (Gaussian) beam, and the polarization of the incident light were presented and explained in the case of angle-dependent interference effects. On the other hand, the plate's temperature changes its thickness and refractive index. We have demonstrated that this phenomenon can be used for a precise manipulation of the plate's transmittance. In such a way, a thin dielectric plate with temperature regulation can be used as a simple and robust variable attenuator for high-power-laser pulses. Here, the attenuation should be achieved by the interference, rather than the absorption within the plate. Therefore, an appropriate plate material should be selected, e.g., borosilicate glass for visible light and near IR, or sapphire for near and middle UV.
When the absorption of the laser energy within the plate is significant, unwanted temperature-dependent interference effects need to be taken into account. We have shown that the transmittance of the plate in this case changes in a step-like fashion with the frequency of the laser pulses. However, this effect can be neglected after a sufficient number of laser pulses, once steady-state conditions are achieved.
References and links
1. R. O. Rice and J. D. Macomber, "Attenuation of giant laser pulses by absorbing filters," Appl. Opt. 14(9), 2203–2206 (1975). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. R. M. A. Azzam, "Tilted parallel dielectric slab as a multilevel attenuator for incident p- or s-polarized light," Appl. Opt. 48(2), 425–428 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Y. H. Wu, Y. H. Lin, Y. Q. Lu, H. W. Ren, Y. H. Fan, J. R. Wu, and S. T. Wu, "Submillisecond response variable optical attenuator based on sheared polymer network liquid crystal," Opt. Express 12(25), 6382–6389 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. H. Lotem, A. Eyal, and A. R. Shuker, "Variable attenuator for intense unpolarized laser beams," Opt. Lett. 16(9), 690–692 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. D. Gauden, D. Mechin, C. Vaudry, P. Yvernault, and D. Pureur, "Variable optical attenuator based on thermally tuned Mach-Zehnder interferometer within a twin core fiber," Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 213–216 (2004). [CrossRef]
6. K. Bennett and R. L. Byer, "Computer-controllable wedged-plate optical-variable attenuator," Appl. Opt. 19(14), 2408–2412 (1980). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. J. Staromlynska, R. A. Clay, and K. F. Dexter, "Variable optical attenuator for use in the visible spectrum," Appl. Opt. 26(18), 3827–3830 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. J. H. Lehman, D. Livigni, X. Y. Li, C. L. Cromer, and M. L. Dowell, "Reflective attenuator for high-energy laser measurements," Appl. Opt. 47(18), 3360–3363 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. M. J. Mughal and N. A. Riza, "Compact acoustooptic high-speed variable attenuator for high-power applications," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(4), 510–512 (2002). [CrossRef]
10. H. B. Yu, G. Y. Zhou, C. F. Siong, and L. Feiwen, "A variable optical attenuator based on optofluidic technology," J. Micromech. Microeng. 18(11), 115016 (2008). [CrossRef]
11. J. C. Cotteverte, F. Bretenaker, and A. Lefloch, "Jones matrices of a tilted plate for Gaussian beams," Appl. Opt. 30(3), 305–311 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. H. Kogelnik and T. Li, "Laser beams and resonators," Appl. Opt. 5(10), 1550–1567 (1966). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. S. Nemoto, "Waist shift of a Gaussian-beam by a dielectric plate," Appl. Opt. 28(9), 1643–1647 (1989). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. E. Hecht, Optics (2nd Edition, Addison Wesley, 1987), pp. 100. [PubMed]
15. H. Abu-Safia, R. Al-Tahtamouni, I. Abu-Aljarayesh, and N. A. Yusuf, "Transmission of a Gaussian-beam through a Fabry-Perot interferometer," Appl. Opt. 33(18), 3805–3811 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. P. Gregorčič, T. Požar, and J. Možina, "Quadrature phase-shift error analysis using a homodyne laser interferometer," Opt. Express 17(18), 16322–16331 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. T. Požar, P. Gregorčič, and J. Možina, "Optical measurements of the laser-inducedultrasonic waves on moving objects," Opt. Express 17(25), 22906–22911 (2009). [CrossRef]
18. P. Gregorčič, R. Petkovšek, J. Možina, and G. Močnik, "Measurements of cavitation bubble dynamics based on a beam-deflection probe," Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 93(4), 901–905 (2008). [CrossRef]


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Shane Martin
Hi Friends, I am shane love to travel and photography was my hobby that have turned into passion. Like to learn about latest photo industry trends.
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The Gazette Weekly
April 1st, 2014
Tim Brown retires from Fire Department
Tim recalls the fire department when he started as a volunteer. [...]
The Gazette begins its 20th year of publication
A big thanks to everyone for helping and supporting you local newspaper. [...]
Dara Gwen (Mennis) Cox
Dara Gwen (Mennis) Cox, after a valiant 6 year fight with breast cancer, peacefully left this earth to travel back home to heaven on March 9th, 2014. She was in a room at KC Hospice House [...]
Madelene Rae Woodward
Madelene Rae Woodward, 91, of Levasy, MO, died Thursday, March 27, 2014 at Research Medical Center in Kansas City. She was born the daughter of Cleveland G. and Allie Mae (Westphal) Simpson on January 6, 1923 [...]
Rob Ames, age 59, of Buckner, MO passed away, Monday, March 24, 2014. Rob was born January 26, 1955 in Buckner, MO to William Robert "Bob" Ames, Sr. and Shirley H. (Thomas) as one of three [...]
Betty Lynn (Powers) Lloyd
Betty Lynn (Powers) Lloyd, 83, Buckner, Mo passed away Feb. 16, 2014. Services were held Friday, Feb. 21 at The First Christian Church of Buckner, 126 S. Hudson, Buckner, MO 64016; interment was at Buckner Hill [...]
Enjoy antics of Mr. Farnan at school on these 2 pages of the paper
Farnan section Newspaper March 31 2014 [...]
Thank you for your service
November 03, 2014
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On line newspaper July 28, 2014
July 30, 2014
Jackson County Deputy saves childs life from choking
June 24, 2014
Doris Louise Young
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Donald L. King
July 12, 2016
Mildred B. Struewe
July 12, 2016
Residents give Thanks to our community
July 12, 2016
Water District 16's water tower nearing completion
July 12, 2016


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Thank you Andy, Atilla & Mike for your visit, comments, likes & YS
Greetings from India, Anupam
Excellent, LIKE, greetings, charles
This is really good. I like the composition, but it might have been even better in just b/w.
Just Beautiful...like and greeting..Melek :)
Hi, My friend and one of my favorite photographers! Anupam Mukherjee :))!
-Thank you very much for marking Stars, ✰! An honor for me, my favorite :))!
Given the small medal and new photos as you, my favorite!
I really like the black and white photos, too!
-------------Üdv: Tiv@d@r = Theodor
Lovely work - Best regards from Athens
Eccellente composizione con l'effetto sepia, scatto di notevole interesse, LIKE 11! Sinceri saluti e complimenti per le tue foto, MAURO :-)
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Well doe,
I like it, greetings..........Pa.
Photo taken in Har Ki Pauri, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249401, India


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Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
KVH Industries has announced that Brent Bruun, currently executive vice president of mobile broadband for the company, has been promoted to the newly created
Vesper Marine announced that it has provided its virtual Automatic Identification System (AIS) to New York Power Authority (NYPA) to protect submerged power cables in Long Island Sound.
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Finnish ship engine and power plant maker Wartsila reported weaker-than-expected quarterly profit and order intake on Wednesday.
Wartsila cited tight competition


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Linux World NewsOct 31, 2007
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Open Source in Mobile Ties, T-shirts, and telephonesOct 31, 2007
OSiM, Open Source in Mobile, is a series of events dedicated to exploring the role of open source in the world of mobile phones. The latest installment was held in September in Madrid, Spain.more »
Gnome 2.20 Gnome 2.20 in detailOct 31, 2007
The new release of the GNU desktop spoils users for choice with a whole bunch of innovations.more »
Driver Project: Kroah-Hartman Looking for More HardwareOct 30, 2007
The driver project launched by kernel developer Greg Kroah-Hartman doesn't have enough hardware to work on. Although the Linux Driver project has enough developers, they aren't all working at full capacity, says Kroah-Hartman in his blog.more »
Patent Protection: Turbolinux to Cooperate with MicrosoftOct 24, 2007
Microsoft cooperates with yet another Linux distributor. Turbolinux has concluded a contract with the Redmonder software giant.more »
Trolltech Greenphone Sell-OutOct 22, 2007
Norwegian developers Trolltech have sold out their entire inventory of Linux Greenphones. This is the end of Trolltech's excursion into the world of hardware.more »
Lucasfilm Goes for Trolltech's QtOct 16, 2007
Lucasfilm Limited, famous for its movie projects such as Star Wars and Indiana Jones, will be using Qt as the user interface for the development of digital entertainment software in future.more »
Debconf 8 Scheduled for August 2008 in ArgentinaOct 16, 2007
The international Debian Developer Conference 2008 will be held in the Argentine cirty of Mar del Plata August 2 through 17.more »
Issue 26: Linux Shell Handbook 7th Ed./Special Editions
Buy this issue as a PDF
SUSE Joins the Microsoft Test Drive Program
Customers can take a free test drive of SLES for HPC on the Azure Cloud
SiFive Launches a Line of Open Source Chips
San Francisco-based chip company announces their first fully open source chip platform.
Fedora 24 Released
The whole distro gets rebuilt on glibc 2.3
Canonical Announces Cross-Distro Support for Snaps
Ubuntu Vendor tries to solve app packaging and distribution problem across distributions.
ownCloud Forked
Founder of ownCloud launches the Nextcloud project.
HP Enterprise Unveils a Futuristic Computer
Will The Machine change the way future programmers think about memory?
CoreOS Announces Distributed Storage System
The new Torus distributed storage system is available under an open source license on GitHub
Google Beats Oracle in the Android Lawsuit
Juries decides Google's use of Java APIs Was Fair Use
Linux is the Largest Software Development Project in History
But if you are not using the latest Linux kernel, your system is insecure.
Linksys Says Yes to Open Source Firmware
Home routers will give room for custom firmware but still comply with FCC rules


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AVG Technologies Highlights Importance of Security for People in their "Connected Cars"
AMSTERDAM and SAN FRANCISCO – March 6, 2014 – AVG Technologies N.V. (NYSE: AVG), The Online Security Company for 177 million active users, today announced its participation in the Connected Car Pavilion during the week of the South by Southwest® (SXSW®) Interactive Festival.
With a focus on how technology is transforming today's driving experience, and how technology will change the way you communicate with your car and how it communicates with the world, the Connected Car Pavilion will feature panel discussions with automotive and technology innovators exploring the future of the connected car. AVG's Chief Marketing Officer, Judith Bitterli, will be a member of the "The Car Hacks are Coming" panel on Saturday, March 8 in Austin, Texas.
"By 2020, it's expected that 50 billion devices and things will be connected online - from TV's, to refrigerators, to yes, even cars will be online collecting and transmitting data all the time. Security and privacy concerns are only going to increase," said Judith Bitterli, CMO AVG Technologies. "We see a car's entertainment and navigation console as another screen that needs the same security that we're already providing for devices. Now that the connected car is more of a reality, it's important that drivers and passengers have the opportunity to enjoy that same peace of mind. We can start taking action by talking about possible threats in an open dialogue with fellow technology innovators and car manufacturers and SXSW is the perfect arena for that."
"The Car Hacks are Coming – How the Auto Industry Can Safeguard Connected Cars " is from 2:15pm CST – 3:00pm CST on Saturday, March 8th at the Connected Car Pavilion, 101 Red River, Austin, TX 78701. In addition to Bitterli, participants include:
· Moderator Mike Courtney, Principal, Aperio Insights
· Panelist Karl Heimer, Senior Research Director, Cyber Innovation Unit, Battelle
· Panelist Damon McCoy, Assistant Professor, Computer Science Department, George Mason University
· Panelist Catherine McCullough, Executive Director, Intelligent Car Coalition
About AVG Technologies (NYSE: AVG)
AVG's mission is to simplify, optimize and secure the Internet experience, providing peace of mind to a connected world. AVG's powerful yet easy-to‐use software and online services put users in control of their Internet experience. By choosing AVG's software and services, users become part of a trusted global community that benefits from inherent network effects, mutual protection and support. AVG has grown its user base to 177 million active users as of December 31, 2013 and offers a protection, performance and privacy products and services suite to consumers and small businesses including Internet security, performance optimization, mobile security, online backup, identity protection and family safety software.
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Buddhism in Practice: Abridged Editionby Donald S. Lopez
View All Available Formats & Editions
Pub. Date: 03/05/2007
Publisher: Princeton University Press
This anthology, first published in 1995, illustrates the vast scope of Buddhist practice in Asia, past and present. Re-released now in a slimmer but still extensive edition, Buddhism in Practice presents a selection of thirty-five translated textseach preceded by a substantial introduction by its translator.
These unusual sources provides the reader/i>
This anthology, first published in 1995, illustrates the vast scope of Buddhist practice in Asia, past and present. Re-released now in a slimmer but still extensive edition, Buddhism in Practice presents a selection of thirty-five translated textseach preceded by a substantial introduction by its translator.
These unusual sources provides the reader with a sense of the remarkable diversity of the practices of persons who over the course of 2,500 years have been identified, by themselves or by others, as Buddhists. Demonstrating the many continuities among the practices of Buddhist cultures widely separated by both history and geography, Buddhism in Practice continues to provide an ideal introduction to Buddhism and a source of new insights for scholars.
Product Details
- 9780691129686
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- Publication date:
- 03/05/2007
- Series:
- Princeton Readings in Religions Series
- Edition description:
- Abridged
- Pages:
- 480
- Sales rank:
- 587,431
- Product dimensions:
- 6.10(w) x 9.20(h) x 1.10(d)
Table of Contents
ContentsPrinceton Readings in Religions, v,
Note on Transliteration, vii,
Contents by Vehicle, xi,
Contents by Country, xiii,
List of Contributors, xv,
Introduction Donald S. Lopez, Jr., 3,
1. A Hymn of Praise to the Buddha's Good Qualities Paul J. Griffiths, 39,
2. Consecrating the Buddha Donald K. Swearer, 50,
3. Sutra on the Merit of Bathing the Buddha Daniel Boucher, 59,
4. Reading Others' Minds Carl Bielefeldt, 69,
5. The Prayer of the Original Buddha Matthew Kapstein, 80,
6. Myoe's Letter to the Island George J. Tanabe, Jr., 88,
7. The Tathagatagarbha Sutra William H. Grosnick, 92,
8. Gotami's Story Jonathan S. Walters, 107,
9. A Prayer for the Long Life of the Dalai Lama Donald S. Lopez, Jr., 133,
10. Chinese Women Pilgrims' Songs Glorifying Guanyin Chün-fang Yü, 139,
11. A Discussion of Seated Zen Carl Bielefeldt, 147,
12. The Way to Meditation Donald K. Swearer, 157,
13. Original Enlightenment Thought in the Nichiren Tradition Jackie Stone, 166,
14. A Prophecy of the Death of the Dharma Jan Nattier, 179,
15. The Book of Resolving Doubts Concerning the Semblance Dharma Kyoko Tokuno, 187,
16. Eschatology in the Wheel of Time Tantra John Newman, 202,
17. Atisa's A Lamp for the Path to Awakening Ronald M. Davidson, 208,
18. The Advice to Layman Tundila Charles Hallisey, 220,
19. The Legend of the Iron Stupa Charles Orzech, 232,
20. Two Tantric Meditations: Visualizing the Deity Luis O. Gómez, 236,
21. The Story of the Horn Blowing Todd T. Lewis, 246,
22. On Becoming a Buddhist Wizard Patrick Pranke, 255,
23. Pure Land Buddhist Worship and Meditation in China Daniel B. Stevenson, 271,
24. A Modern Sermon on Merit Making Donald K. Swearer, 293,
25. Auspicious Things Charles Hallisey, 296,
26. Tales of the Lotus Sutra Daniel B. Stevenson, 311,
27. Daily Life in the Assembly T. Griffith Foulk, 339,
28. Deaths, Funerals, and the Division of Property in a Monastic Code Gregory Schopen, 357,
29. A Rite for Restoring the Bodhisattva and Tantric Vows Donald S. Lopez, Jr., 387,
30. Awakening Stories of Zen Buddhist Women Sallie King, 397,
31. Atisa's Journey to Sumatra Hubert Decleer, 409,
32. Bimba's Lament Donald K. Swearer, 419,
33. Hagiographies of the Korean Monk Wonhyo Robert E. Buswell, Jr., 431,
34. Buddhist Chaplains in the Field of Battle Sybil Thornton, 441,
35. Death-Bed Testimonials of the Pure Land Faithful Daniel B. Stevenson, 447,
Index, 459,
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Stone 05.05.05 Vertical Epic Ale(RETIRED)
RATINGS: 460 WEIGHTED AVG: 3.72/5 SEASONAL: Special EST. CALORIES: 255 ABV: 8.5%
A new Vertical Epic will be released every year, with the goal being to collect them all and have a Vertical Epic tasting once the final Epic is released on 12/12/12. Each new Stone Vertical Epic Ale will be release one YEAR, one MONTH and one DAY apart. This time around, we used no spices in the brewing of this beer. If you've tasted the beer before reading this, that may surprise you. The special Belgian yeast we used adds a distinctively spicy aroma and flavor. Roastiness, clove, hops, fruitiness, and those other great and funky phenols abound in the nose. What's in the flavor? You certainly get some dark roasted malts and alcohol overtones. What else? Hints of earthiness, chocolate/cocoa, hop spiciness, maybe even anise, and ... the incredible variety of complexities from the classic brewing ingredients of barley malt, hops, yeast and water, when applied with an artistic brewer's talent never ceases to amaze.
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The Ruby Dice (Saga of the Skolian Empire) Mass Market Paperback – 30 Apr 2009
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About the Author
Catherine Asaro has an M.A. in physics, and a Ph.D. in chemical physics, both from Harvard. She has done research at the University of Toronto, The Max Planck Institute, and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. A former ballet and jazz dancer, she founded the Mainly Jazz Dance program at Harvard and now teaches at the Caryl Maxwell Classical Ballet. She has written ten novels in the popular Skolian Saga, the latest being "Schism" (Tor, 2004) as well as two near-future technothrillers, "The Veiled Web" and "The Phoenix Code." She currently runs Molecudyne Research and lives in Maryland with her husband and daughter. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.
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However, those unfamiliar with the series should not start with this one. The series has gotten to a point where you really do need some background to follow the story. And there are many excellent books leading up to this one to choose from.
After filling in the gaps in her last few Sklolian Empire novels, Catherine Asaro moves things forward in this tale, in which Jabriol III, Emperor of Eube, and Kelric, Imperator (military chief) of the Skolians--both of whom are harboring secrets--scheme to create a peace between the formerly implacable enemies.
As always, Ms. Asaro's readers will be treated to another well written tale that blends science, military strategy, politics, relationship issues, and family matters.
Also involved heavily in the proceedings are two of my favorite characters--Jabriol's fascinating and endlessly devious wife, Tarquine, and one of Kelric's many wives, redheaded Ixpar--who makes a fiery return to the author's pages.
The action here is slow to build, and some readers may start to go into "get on with it!" mode; but I was fascinated by that slow buildup, with all the political maneuvering that's involved here--much of which is caused by both Jabriol's and Kelric's need to protect secrets. But the stunning ending is fast paced and well thought out. And the author leaves, as always, a few loose ends that will doubtless be tied up in a book or two or three.
By the way: If you are new to the series, it's probably best if you start with "The Last Hawk," which many Asaroistas feel is her best, and "Radiant Seas" is a must, too. But why not just start at the beginning, with "Primary Inversion"? There's a time line in the back that lists all the novels in the series and places them in their proper places in the chronology. Listed there, too, are some shorter works in the series. I hope there are plans to collect them in an omnibus volume.
In previous Asaro books, I've gotten the impression she's fallen in love with her own creations (i.e. Soz), so ended up disliking that character. Not so with this one - both Kelric and Jaibriol struggle, mistrust and have difficulties.
This is, however, not a book for those new to Skolia. I recommend seeking out some of Asaro's earlier works to get oriented to that universe first.
Jabriol is a psion who has to hide his true nature, since psions are regarded as the lowest of slaves among the Eubians. He has claimed the throne at the risk of his life and his sanity in order to try and stop the worst of Eubian atrocities, if possible.
Kelric has had a past of captivity mixed improbably with love on a distant planet. He has to hide his past from those he loves to protect others he loves. He also, wishes to do the best he can to keep his people from another brutal war with the Eubians.
Both men need to deal with their lives, domestically, and with a precarious situation between the Empires. There also seems to be strange phenomenon affecting the fabric of space that may be related to the mysterious Locks that allow the Psions of the Skolian Empire to communicate across space. And someone is out to assassinate Kelric, as well as the usual attempts on Jabriol's life.
Jabriol's position is harrowing. The Highton culture he leads is cut-throat and hazardous as it is, but if he lets his control slip even a little, it would likely mean his death--or at the very least, a life of pain and slavery. He's been ruling for ten years and the strain is getting to him. Also the lines between good and evil are beginning to blur.
Asaro's tales of the Skolian Empire continue to enthrall. Here are two of the most intriguing of her cast of characters, and their story, with the fate of humanity at risk, is every bit as intriguing as they are.
The Radiance War is over. Eube and Skolia are at peace; except, of course, for a few shots between Eubean slave raiders and the Skolian Imperial Space Command. Jaibriol III is on the Carnelian Throne and the Aristos are fairly well behaved toward their Emperor.
In this novel, Kelric is the Imperator of Skolia, commander of all the armed forces. Yet he cannot save the live of his wife Jeejon. She does not have the nanomeds that make the Rhon so long lived. Kelric is with her when she dies.
Dyhianna (Dehya) Selei is the Ruby Pharaoh. She now shares power with the Skolian Assembly.
Jaibriol III is the young Emperor of the Eubean Concord. He has been on the throne for ten years, marrying his most powerful opponent. He is also a Rhon psion. He has barely survived the emotional noise of the Aristos around him during the past decade.
Tarquine Iquar is Jaibriol's consort. She is also his Finance Minister. She is the smartest woman he knows and she has a quiet mind.
In this story, a decade after the war, Kelric returns to Coba to rescue an Allied Space anthropologist. He had been a Calanya on the planet, so he somewhat remembers the language. He lands at Viasa, skidding across the plateau and crashing through a retaining wall. Then he gets Jeremiah Coltman aboard and flies into space.
A year later, Kelric returns to Cabo and visits his former wife at Karn. Ixpar is still Minister -- chief executive -- of Coba. He also meets his children, who had been taken from him at their birth. Kelric brings his wife and children back to the Skolian public.
Jaibriol is still pushing for a peace treaty with the Skolians, but his Aristo subjects do not agree with his plans. They give him plenty of praise and compliments, yet avoid taking any positive action. Tarquine, however, is fully engaged in the Aristo intrigue, helping Jaibriol in many ways.
The Janq Line is trying to take over the export corporations in the Ivory sector. Somehow they lose many slave raiders to the ISC. Jaibriol is fairly certain that Tarquine had sent an anonymous tip to the Skolians, but the Janq believe someone else betrayed them.
Jaibriol believes that his consort loves him, but he is not really sure. Tarquine is a mystery to him despite his empathic ability. Still, she is wheeling and dealing for his benefit.
Kelric begins to suspect that the Eubean Emperor actually wants to make peace with Skolia. So, when an opportunity arises to meet with Jaibriol on Earth, Kelric agrees and travels to Earth. Both men have to rein in the hostilities between their bodyguards.
This tale brings the possibilities of a peace treaty to both empires. Naturally, almost everybody is against the idea on both sides. Most people remember their losses and want revenge.
This story is filled with intrigue and action. Jaibriol and Tarquine have to deal with the arrogance of their Aristos, whereas Kelric and Dehya are opposed by their own military. Read and enjoy!
Highly recommended for Asaro fans and for anyone else who enjoys tales of political intrigue, cultural clashes, and tangled romance.
-Arthur W. Jordin
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It'll be another son for NBA All-Star Tony Parker!
The San Antonio Spurs player announced on his French radio show Monday evening that he and wife Axelle Francine are expecting their second child together, a boy to be named Liam.
The couple are already parents to 21-month-old son Josh.
"Before starting, I have some news to announce," Parker, 33, told listeners. "My wife is pregnant and our first son Josh is going to have a little brother. It's due to happen in July."
Parker also posted the news on Twitter alongside family and baby emojis.


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LUCKNOW: As per the guidelines of Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, all households in Lucknow with cable TV connection will have to install set-top box before March 31 next for uninterrupted transmission. The ministry had decided last year that all cable connections in the city would need to upgrade from 'Analog System' to 'Digital Addressable System' for which it is necessary to install a set-top box.
The benefit of installing the set-top box is that it enhances the sound and picture quality of the programmes. One can also watch more channels after installing this equipment. Cable operators say it is a tedious task to install set-top box in every house having cable connection. Since 2008, only 25,000 cable connections in Lucknow have been digitalised till now, it is quite impossible to achieve the target by March. Cable operators are educating and promoting the use of set-top Box among consumers, but it is yet to be popularised in rural areas.
The cost of installing a Set-top box and its one-time activation is Rs 799. The district magistrate Lucknow Anurag Yadav in a statement said, "All the citizens of Lucknow who have cable connections are requested to get a set-top box installed in their houses on an urgent basis before 31st March '13. This would help in the digitalisation of all cable connections in the city and would enable us to meet the deadline set by the ministry". The statement also said that if consumers are facing some problems in installing set-top boxes or are being harassed by their cable operators for the same, they can complain directly to the assistant entertainment tax commissioner on these helpline numbers: 0522-2274449 or 9454468804.
Stay updated on the go with Times of India News App. Click here to download it for your device.
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