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Hotels near Hallgrimskirkja
Search hotels near Hallgrimskirkja in Reykjavik
Last minute Reykjavik deals
- Our Housefrom $154
- Reykjavik Residence Hotelfrom $260
- Hlemmur Squarefrom $195
- Ice Apartments Reykjavikfrom $442
- 22 Hill Hotelfrom $221
Trending now in Reykjavik
- Most bookedHotel Leifur Eiriksson
191 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Able to check in early Tea available 24 hours Very welcoming and helpful"
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
87 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We stayed at one of the studio appartements. Great value for the price considering Reykjavik is quite expensive. Sunna is located close to the Hallgrim's church, but it was still quiet and peaceful outside our window. One of the staff members was extremely helpful recommending us several restau..."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
82 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Nice, clean, very comfortable. Close to downtown and other Reykjavic sights. A little noise from the street on some nights but most nights were quiet. We would stay here again and will recommend it to family and friends. "
C, Jun 2016, US
- Ice HotelNo Guest Reviews yet
79 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
71 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The host and hostess, Johannes and his wife were very friendly and hospitable, they say "It's our house and we want it to be your home" and that is just what it is. The hosts don't live there so its up to you to make it your home while you are in Reykjavik. It is ideally located but you might ne..."
A Traveller, May 2016, GB
59 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"If you want a reasonably priced hotel in a very convenient location then look no further. The other comments left on Trip Adviser nearly put me off staying here but I was pleasantly surprised. The room was clean, the bed was huge and very comfy and it was great having a little kitchen in the room..."
A Traveller, Jun 2015, GB
35 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Awesome location. Awesome place. The room was so cozy and had a great deck to sit and relax. Kitchen was huge and had lots of space for food and eating. I will most likely stay here again when I come back to Iceland. Everything was were they said it would be and had no problems with anything. Mak..."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
33 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Great location, with pleasant, hostel experience. Lots of different nationalities staying there, who we got to chat with over breakfast. Breakfast was delicious!"
A Traveller, Apr 2016, US
18 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"I got an email from that hotel in advance. It seems to be auto-generated by the system. It provides you the door's passcode of your room and the unnecessity of check-in process. But please keep in mind below. 1.There is the entrance door which is unlocked during daytime and is locked during night..."
A Traveller, Oct 2015, US
14 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Our family stayed overnight in the Grettisborg Apartments Reykjavik. We received excellent detailed communications ahead of our arrival directly from the owner. The rooms are very comfortable with everything a family would need. Excellent location if you want to explore Reykjavik. Highly recommen..."
A Traveller, Apr 2016, US
Map of hotels near Hallgrimskirkja
- Blue Lagoon
- Harpa
- University of Iceland
- Reykjavik City Museum
- Reykjavik City Hall
- Reykjavik Electricity Museum
- Reykjavik Park and Zoo
- Hafnarfjordur Free Church
- Landakotskirkja
- National Museum of Iceland
- Laugardalslaug Geothermal Pool
- Reykjavik Free Church
- Nautholsvik Geothermal Beach
- Hafnarborg
- Vesturbaejarlaug Swimming Pool
- Viking Village
- Elding Reykjavik Whale Watching
- Reykjavik Pond
- Reykjavik University
- National and University Library of Iceland
Hotels in Reykjavik near Hallgrimskirkja
Are you looking for a cheap Hallgrimskirkja hotel, a 5 star Hallgrimskirkja hotel or a family friendly Hallgrimskirkja hotel? You just landed in the best site to find the best deals and offers on the most amazing accommodations for your stay.
When you search for hotels near Hallgrimskirkja with Hotels.com, you need to first check our online map and see the distance you will be from Hallgrimskirkja, Iceland.
Our maps are based on hotel search and display areas and neighborhoods of each hotel so you can see how close you are from Hallgrimskirkja and refine your search within Reykjavik or Iceland based on closest public transportation, restaurants and entertainment so you can easily get around the city. All the hotels details page show an option for free or paid onsite parking.
If you wish to see the hotels with the highest featuring discounts and deals near Hallgrimskirkja, simply filter by price/ average nightly rate. We recommend you filter by star rating and read our genuine guest reviews so you can get the best quality hotel with the best discount.
One of the new features on Hotels.com guest reviews is that also show reviews from Expedia for Hallgrimskirkja hotels and the TripAdvisor Hallgrimskirkja hotels reviews so you can make sure that you checking with a reliable source. See the review scores on our Reykjavik hotel information pages.
Make the most out of your family vacation when you book your accommodation with Hotels.com – book your hotel near Hallgrimskirkja, Reykjavik after reviewing the facilities and amenities listed for each hotel.
After booking your hotel near Hallgrimskirkja, expect to receive your reservation confirmation in the mail in less than 10 minutes. The confirmation email contains more information on all nearby attractions, local directions and weather forecast, so you can better plan the days during your trip.
After getting the best hotel rates you can still save more by winning 1 free night! That's right, book 10 nights in any hotel near Hallgrimskirkja, Reykjavik and after you sign up for the Welcome Rewards program, you are eligible hotel you receive 1 night free*
The best hotel deals are here: We have Hallgrimskirkja hotel deals, Hallgrimskirkja last minute deals and offers to get you the cheapest Hallgrimskirkja hotel with our lowest price guarantee.
Reykjavik travel guides
Where to stay – the best places to rest your head after a day of exploring Reykjavik
As Iceland's main tourist destination, Reykjavik has no shortage of options when it comes to accommo...
Where to shop – a guide to Reykjavik's retail destinations
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Like any contemporary, cosmopolitan city, Reykjavik's dining options are varied and diverse. Boastin...


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Capital Markets
Company Overview of First Long Island Investors, LLC
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Ralph F. Palleschi *
President and Chief Operating Officer
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subset: commoncrawl


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Oracle Database Administration with Orac
A number of common tasks are faced by DBAs, such as the management of users, database performance, and of course, the actual database files. We'll take a look at the last item, database file management, to show how Orac can be used to make this task easier.
A full explanation of Oracle storage concepts is beyond the scope of this article. In short, though, a database is composed of Tablespaces which can contain multiple DataFiles. A Tablespace is composed of 1 to n DataFiles. Each of these DataFiles contains the actual database information for tables, views, stored procedures, etc. Typically, the data is segregated in such a way that system-related information is stored in a different Tablespace/DataFile than application-related data. Since DataFiles are fixed in size at database creation time, DBAs must monitor the available space and add or expand the DataFiles before they run out of room. Newer versions of Oracle, by the way, have more sophisticated space management techniques which alleviate some of these problems.
Figure 3 shows a list of Tablespaces in the database and how much free space remains. Orac has summed the total space for each Tablespace. In other words, if a Tablespace is composed of three DataFiles, then the total space available in the three files is displayed. This brings up another great feature of Orac. Each report includes a button called "See SQL" that displays the exact query run to generate the report. If there is ever any question about how a report was generated, you can get to the actual source quickly and make the needed improvements or corrections.
As mentioned earlier, Orac loads both the SQL and its user interface from a text file at startup. Orac is perfectly capable of loading a user interface and the related SQL for databases other than Oracle. In fact, developers are hard at work on Informix, and some work has also been done for Sybase. The Orac team would very much like to see additional databases such as MySQL, mSQL and PostgreSQL supported in the future, and we're actively looking for volunteers to help out.
Another area developers are hard at work on is the dbish (database interface shell). This module provides the user with a way to enter ad hoc SQL into the database. The initial module has already been coded and is being tested now. By the time you read this, most of the bugs will likely have been worked out.
While parts of Orac make use of Tk to draw some primitive graphs, there is certainly room for improvement. In the near future, Orac will make use of the functionality in the GD and GIFgraph Perl modules to provide better charting and graphing capabilities.
These are only a few of the areas where work is in progress. The Orac team is actively soliciting feedback from anyone and everyone who would like to make Orac a better program.
Re: Oracle Database Administration with Orac
I have configured Tk to run with DBI for oracle on windows. But I am having difficulty running orac, though, I tried running the code under listing 1 for one of my remote oracle databases, and it runs fine.
Any help would be highly appreciated.
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One of the best things about the UNIX environment (aside from being stable and efficient) is the vast array of software tools available to help you do your job. Traditionally, a UNIX tool does only one thing, but does that one thing very well. For example, grep is very easy to use and can search vast amounts of data quickly. The find tool can find a particular file or files based on all kinds of criteria. It's pretty easy to string these tools together to build even more powerful tools, such as a tool that finds all of the .log files in the /home directory and searches each one for a particular entry. This erector-set mentality allows UNIX system administrators to seem to always have the right tool for the job.
Cron traditionally has been considered another such a tool for job scheduling, but is it enough? This webinar considers that very question. The first part builds on a previous Geek Guide, Beyond Cron, and briefly describes how to know when it might be time to consider upgrading your job scheduling infrastructure. The second part presents an actual planning and implementation framework.
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- The Firebird Project's Firebird Relational Database
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Gas hot water replacement
Plumbing: Plumbing Installations in Brighton, VIC 3186
23 July 2016
Replace existing instant hot water unit.
Storm Water Pipes Cleared
Plumbing: Drain Cleaning in Ringwood North, VIC 3134
22 July 2016
Rumpus leaking water, first option is to see if blockage of rumpus/cellar sump or the outside Storm Water pipe
Blocked drain
Plumbing: Blocked Drains in Oakleigh South, VIC 3167
21 July 2016
have some flood at the basement of the house and noticed that one of the pipes on the side of the house is overflowing. would also want to know how the water is getting into the basement
Installation of a cleaners sink with hot and cold water
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Bentleigh, VIC 3204
20 July 2016
Installation of a cleaners sink with hot and cold water
Relocate the gas meter around 3meters
Plumbing: Gas Installations in Carey Park, WA 6230
18 July 2016
need to move the gas meter from side of property to front wall. distance around 3 meters
Minor Plumbing
Plumbing: Home Renovation Plumbing in Reservoir, VIC 3073
18 July 2016
I need someone to loft a dryer (dryer needs to be vented) and to install an water outlet and two taps for a washing machine. I think you'll need to go do through the floor (tile and concrete) into...
Plumbing / Repair damp / water damage shower area - Werribee
Plumbing: General Maintenance Plumbing in Werribee, VIC 3030
18 July 2016
Water damage within walls around shower area. I need someone to - Identify the cause of water damage - Rectify the issue and make sure the issue will not happen again in the future.
Relocating ducted gas heater
Plumbing: Home Renovation Plumbing in Endeavour Hills, VIC 3802
18 July 2016
The heater is against a wall which has the cut out of the size of the heater so I would like to move it into that space which is about 2 ft .
Drain, toilet and shower and sinks is backing up.
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Werribee, VIC 3030
18 July 2016
drain, toilet and shower and sinks is backing up.
Leaking roof and balcony
Plumbing: Roof Repairs in Point Cook, VIC 3030
18 July 2016
leaking roof and balcony
Split Cold Water Supply (plastic) line under house.
Plumbing: General Maintenance Plumbing in Macleod, VIC 3085
18 July 2016
Split Cold Water Supply (plastic) line under house. Currently a pinhole leak. Will need to be cut out and replaced.
Leaking tap
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Oakleigh, VIC 3166
18 July 2016
tap is leaking
Toilets bowls replaced
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Noble Park North, VIC 3174
18 July 2016
toilets replaced
Replace water pipe
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Caroline Springs, VIC 3023
18 July 2016
requires a water pipe to be repaired (rusty)
Reconnect some pipes
Plumbing: General Maintenance Plumbing in Fitzroy North, VIC 3068
18 July 2016
I've currently got some pipes coming out of the laundry wall that were installed weirdly (they came out of the wall to connect to a pipe then go back into the wall). These pipes just need to be...
Wood burning fireplace installation
Plumbing: Plumbing Installations in Yarraville, VIC 3013
18 July 2016
Installation of wood burning fireplace. Product is a Morso 6643. We require installation of the flue also. All products are ready to go. We will require certification.
Hot water system installation
Plumbing: Plumbing Installations in Wheelers Hill, VIC 3150
18 July 2016
I need a quotation to replace a gravity fed hot water system to a 135l gas water tank.
Repair leaky tap (pipe?)
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Berwick, VIC 3806
18 July 2016
When I use the bathroom basin tap water leaks into the cabinet below. Suspected leaky pipe.
Leaking tap in kitchen
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Dandenong, VIC 3175
18 July 2016
leaking tap in kitchen, wanting a quote
Gas fitter general safety check
Plumbing: Gas Servicing and Repairs in Carnegie, VIC 3163
18 July 2016
gas fitter general safety check
Plumbing disconnected for house demolition
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Ringwood North, VIC 3134
18 July 2016
Knocking house down. Need heater,sewer, hot water system,air conditioner etc disconnected and taken out. need information as well
Freestanding Fireplace installed
Plumbing: Plumbing Installations in Redbank Plains, QLD 4301
18 July 2016
Need a freestanding wood fireplace installed
Fix my roof. need quote on what needs to be done
Plumbing: Roof Repairs in St Albans, VIC 3021
18 July 2016
single storey house. the extension part of my house has metal roofing. Said roof is not slanted right and is rusty and loose. It leaks if there is heavy rain. Need it fixed or replaced ASAP.
Hot water system install a new one
Plumbing: Plumbing Installations in Roxburgh Park, VIC 3064
17 July 2016
change my hot water system
Taskforce Gas Cook top Installation
Plumbing: Gas Installations in Roxburgh Park, VIC 3064
17 July 2016
Emma is after cook top installation.
Replace washer in a Gessi flick mixer tap
Plumbing: General Maintenance Plumbing in Brighton, VIC 3186
17 July 2016
The flick mixer tap in the kitchen is leaking. I have the washers required. You will need the tamper proof hex #1 or #2 screw driver.
Plumbing- install a rail shower
Plumbing: General Maintenance Plumbing in Sandhurst, VIC 3977
17 July 2016
Hello- We are looking for a plumber to install a new rail shower in our bathroom. The job will involve removing our existing rail shower (attached at two points and a via a hoes at the water...
Move water meter
Plumbing: General Plumbing in Chelsea, VIC 3196
17 July 2016
Move pipes and water meter around a corner onto a different wall.moving approx 30cm
Water connected ,currently on tank water
Plumbing: Home Renovation Plumbing in Melton, VIC 3337
17 July 2016
Water brought approx 200 meters and connected to existing home
Unclogging blocked drain
Plumbing: Blocked Drains in Surrey Hills, VIC 3127
17 July 2016
Blocked toilet pipe


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another Tommy Kukabush alter ego fascination syndrom. What's up with the EOM crap? can't you state why it's around the corner? I mean, you must have given this alot of thought to post here. I'm looking at the highlighted exclamations and can't wait to open it up only to see EOM. Is this what you have to offer? Find out why you are a very lonely person simply by examining yourself and seeing that in fact.............YOU HAVE NOTHING TO OFFER!!!
if you are trying to gain info about stocks reading message boards..i feel sorry for you..so..i'll explain for you..ERES is strong for an over valued stock..is trying to get back to respectful levels..with the break of 13 should retest 15 soon..next fib # is 15.06..i said soon..could be volatile for a while..EOM
I sure hope you feel better today after that outburst. I guess I can understand your feelings with ERES going down again.
I dont think we take off until late in the year and into 06, but we will see.


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News Morning News
Condoms: Now with 50 percent less HPV transmission.
The GOP: Now with a familiar message.
Maria Cantwell: Now in a statistical dead heat with McGavick.
Net Neutrality: Now in the Seattle Times.
Bush's Preemption Doctrine: Now applicable to North Korea?
War Games: Now off Guam.
The Apocalypse: Now with high-tech help.


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plains all amer pipeline lp
(PAA:New York)
PAA On Other Exchanges
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Harry N. Pefanis *
President of Plains All American GP LLC and Chief Operating Officer of Plains All American GP LLC
*Data is at least as current as the most recent Definitive Proxy.
The information and data displayed in this profile are created and managed by Capital IQ, a Standard & Poor's company. Bloomberg.com does not create or control the content.
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Port of Long Beach remains on right track
To catch a rising economic tide this year, the Port of Long Beach will need to modernize and find new efficiencies to move increasing amounts of cargo at a faster pace, said experts gathered earlier this month for the Port's 10th annual "Peak Season Forecast" at the Long Beach Convention Center.
in the NewsState of Logistics 2016: Pursue mutual benefit Outsourcing the Indirect Supply Chain Accraply acquires Harland Machine Systems of England Q&A: Abtin Hamidi, chief vice president and co-founder of CargoChief Diesel prices head down for third straight week, reports EIA More News
To catch a rising economic tide this year, the Port of Long Beach will need to modernize and find new efficiencies to move increasing amounts of cargo at a faster pace, said experts gathered earlier this month for the Port's 10th annual "Peak Season Forecast" at the Long Beach Convention Center.
More than 500 people attended the event, which brings together panelists from a wide spectrum of industry sectors to offer their perspectives on global shipping trends and how they affect the San Pedro Bay port complex.
The experts generally agreed that while the improving economic outlook offers opportunities, the logistics industry will be forced to look for lower costs due to heated competition and the question marks of rising interest rates, mixed industrial output trends in Asia and the aging population at home in the U.S. The panelists also agreed that there should be more national investment in goods movement infrastructure such as wharfs, bridges, roads and railways.
The fact that seaports must invest in modernization and new efficiencies is actually good news for the Port of Long Beach, which is several years into a decade-long, $4 billion capital improvement program. The port is also active where it can be in trying to find the means to improve efficiencies and productivity at its terminals.
One of the speakers, Long Beach Board of Harbor Commissioners Vice President Rich Dines, said Long Beach is working to remain the premier seaport by expanding on-dock rail capacity, finding creative energy and environmental solutions and collaboratively tackling complicated issues like truck chassis usage and ownership.
"We have to work together with stakeholders – not bring out the big stick of (regulation) – to improve efficiency," said Dines.
Walter Kemmsies, Ph.D., chief economist for engineering firm Moffat & Nichol, said seaports should upgrade to handle increasingly larger container vessels.
"The Port of Long Beach is big ship ready now and is investing measures to handle even larger ships," said Kemmsies.
About the AuthorPatrick Burnson, Executive Editor Patrick Burnson is executive editor for Logistics Management and Supply Chain Management Review magazines and web sites. Patrick is a widely-published writer and editor who has spent most of his career covering international trade, global logistics, and supply chain management. He lives and works in San Francisco, providing readers with a Pacific Rim perspective on industry trends and forecasts. You can reach him directly at [email protected]
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Article TopicsContainer · Logistics · Shipping ·
2016 State of Logistics: Third-party logistics 2016 State of Logistics: Ocean freight View More From this Issue


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DNS - Did Not Show - The act of talking up your performance for a forthcoming sporting event including actively sledging your mates and other competitors to create an air of superiority, only to not show up on the day of the event.
Norman for months has been talking up his performance and how much he is going to smash it for the forthcoming Half Marathon, but apparently 'Had a Cold' on the day and therefore couldn't compete. Norman did a Lording
by Trott On May 16, 2011
Trending Now
Top Definition
To emit an energy or Buzz when overly enjoying one's self .
Last night we were lording the club.
by BBrev106 November 25, 2008
the act of enjoying your self with excess e.g. food or alcohol.
I've got a massive hang over this morning - I was 'Lording' it last night.
by Antony Butnut March 18, 2004
Piss on a bitch weave and then tweet about it 'cause das savage
I'm lording on bitches that ain't sending nudes, ya feel?
by slutlord I'm lordinn' May 19, 2014


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By Scott Dunn
In the Aug. 16 issue, I pointed out that the Secunia Software Inspector may find multiple versions of unpatched products on your system.
Older programs and Web sites may need the older versions of run-time software. But the old run-time code represents a security risk. For the greatest safety, uninstall the older files and then install updated software.
Removing outdated versions of risky applications
A number of readers seemed flummoxed by this situation. Chris Vetter gives us his take:
- "Scott Dunn's article brought attention to the outdated versions of Java, Flash Player, QuickTime, and Adobe Reader existing on many people's computers. He failed to point out this is not necessarily because people fail to update, rather because applying the latest update does not remove the older versions. This helps explain why so many computers tested positive.
"A step-by-step instruction is needed for the often-required manual removal of the artifacts of Registry entries and old folders."
When you're ready to remove the software, open the Control Panel and double-click Add or Remove Programs. In the case of Java, an entry for each version normally appears in the Add or Remove Programs list. Select the version you don't want, click Remove, and follow any other prompts you see on screen. Repeat for each outdated version.
Note that not all versions have the same name. For example, the name of some entries for Java begin with "Java," some begin with "J2SE," and so on. So scan the list carefully to find the version you want to remove.
Get our unique weekly Newsletter with tips and techniques, how to's and critical updates on Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google, etc. Join our 460,000 subscribers!
Subscribe and get our monthly bonuses - free!
The Windows 7 Guide, Volume 3: Advanced maintenance and troubleshooting provides advanced tools for keeping Microsoft's premier operating system up and running smoothly. Get this excerpt and other 4 bonuses if you subscribe FREE now!


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I have conflicting sources that say the seed must be on top or the soil to germinate and others that say to sow 1" deep. If you have experience please respond. I am planting self harvested seed from mature palms that I planted from seed 20 years ago. I was experimenting with twenty plus varieties of palms at the time and I do not think the Trachycarpus fortunei were surface sown.
Trachycarpus fortunei, is light needed for germination?
I am not familiar with the plant since I live in cold zone 4. However, a rule thumb for seeds is that small and tiny seeds are surface sown (needing light) since they would be too small to reach top of the soil when they germinate. It actually isn't so much that small or tiny seeds require light, it is just so that they aren't buried and unable to reach the surface.
Larger seeds, sow them 1/3 to their size in deepth. The larger the seed, the deeper they need to be sown.
How did your seedlings turn out? how long to germinate? Often, with palms, it's to heat or not that's the ?. Being that they're a native of China and their cold hardiness, I wouldn't think heat would be an issue.
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47 years of experience
Accepting new patients
1650 Huntingdon Pike
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A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
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Dr. Dasika Sastry, MD is board certified in Surgery.
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Dr. Sastry graduated from Guntur Medical College.
Dr. Sastry has 2 hospital affiliations:
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Rapid Quantitation of Small RNA
Award Information
Small Business Information
Asuragen, Inc., 2150 WOODWARD ST, AUSTIN, TX, 78744
Principal Investigator:
(512) 651-0200
(512) 651-0200
Business Contact:
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(512) 651-0191
Research Institution:
AbstractDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a significant new class of biomolecules with potential to enhance human health. In the last three years, miRNA publications have increased exponentially as researchers have discovered the potential importance of these small RNAs in human cancer, neurological disease, and viral infection. Ambion researchers have worked to develop the tools necessary to understand the relationship between miRNAs and human health. Our results and the results from other institutions indicate that miRNAs may provide useful markers for the development of diagnostic and prognostic assays. In addition, there are hints that miRNAs might play an active role in disease progression, making them candidates for therapeutic intervention. The goal of this proposal is to develop rapid, sensitive, high-throughput methods to quantify the levels of small RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRNA) in biological samples. These small RNAs have emerged as important regulators of gene expression which are critical for development and disease progression. Unfortunately, there currently are no rapid, quantitative methods available to measure levels of miRNA in clinical samples. The proposed research will result in the development of kits and reagents to rapidly quantify miRNAs in samples derived from tissues or cell culture. During Phase I, we invented a qRT-PCR based method to convert target miRNA molecules into cDNA and which are then amplified and detected using PCR. This method enables the specific detection of individual miRNAs in RNA samples. In Phase II we propose to optimize the method to facilitate its commercial use in research and diagnostic applications. Our Phase II research will improve sensitivity and specificity, permit simultaneous detection of multiple miRNAs in a single reaction, and enable detection on a Luminex liquid bead array platform. These improvements will enable rapid miRNA profiling for basic research, clinical validation of diagnostic and therapeutic miRNA candidates, and put a system in place for rapid development of miRNA-based clinical diagnostic assays.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
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Range Description
occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
Global Range: (200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)) The range extends from Washington and southeastern Idaho south through Oregon, California, Nevada, and western Utah to northwestern Baja California (Bell and Price 1996, Grismer 2002, Stebbins 2003), and disjunctly south to Isla de Cedros (Grismer and Mellink, 1994, J. Herpetol. 28:120-126). Elevational range extends from sea level to about 11,000 feet (3,353 meters) (Bell and Price 1996, Stebbins 2003).
Distribution: USA (Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, W Utah), Mexico (N Baja California Norte, Isla de Cedros) becki:
Type locality: San Miguel Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. biseriatus: S Idaho, southwest through Nevada and W Utah into California and the San Pedro Mártir Range in Baja California.
Type locality: Borders of El Paso Creek and Tejon Valley. Restricted to El Paso Creek by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950. (El Paso Creek is in Kern Co., about ten miles northeast of Ft. Tejon). bocourti: USA (California).
Type locality: Restricted by Bell (1954), through lectotype designation, to Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., California. longipes:
Type locality: Fort Tejon, California [Kern County]. taylori:
Type locality: Half-way between Merced Lake and Sunrise Trail (Echo Creek Basin), elevation 7500 feet, Yosemite National Park, California.
Type locality: "California and probably Oregon"; restricted to "Benicia, Solano County, California" by GRINNEL & CAMP 1917
Physical Description
Length: 24 cm
Type Information
Catalog Number: USNM 8612
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Amphibians & Reptiles
Preparation: Ethanol
Year Collected: 1872
Locality: Beaver, Utah, United States, North America
- Syntype: Cope, E. D. 1872. Report upon Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the Hundredth Meridian in Charge of First Lieutenant George M. Wheeler, Zoology. 573, plate 24, figures 2-2a.
Central and Southern Cascades Forests Habitat
The Oregon slender salamander is endemic to the Central and Southern Cascades forests ecoregion. The Central and Southern Cascades forests span several physiographic provinces in Washington and Oregon, including the southern Cascades, the Western Cascades, and the High Cascades, all within the USA. This ecoregion extends from Snoqualmie Pass in Washington to slightly north of the California border. The region is characterized by accordant ridge crests separated by steep, deeply dissected valleys, strongly influenced by historic and recent volcanic events (e.g. Mount Saint Helens).
This ecoregion contains one of the highest levels of endemic amphibians (five of eleven ecoregion endemics are amphibians) of any ecoregion within its major habitat type. The threatened Northern spotted owl has been used as an indicator species in environmental impact assessments, since its range overlaps with 39 listed or proposed species (ten of which are late-seral associates) and 1116 total species associated with late-seral forests. Late-seral forests in general are of national and global importance because they provide some of the last refugia for dependent species, and perform vital ecological services, including sequestration of carbon, cleansing of atmospheric pollutants, and maintenance of hydrological regimes.
There are a number ofl amphibian taxa present in the Central and Southern Cascades ecoregion; the totality of these amphibian taxa are: the Rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa); the endemic and Vulnerable Shasta salamander (Hydromantes shastae); the endemic and Vulnerable Oregon slender salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti); the Endangered Dunn's salamander (Bolitoglossa dunni); the Northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile); the Near Threatened western toad (Anaxyrus boreas); the Vulnerable Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa); the Near Threatened Cascades frog (Rana cascadae); Coastal tailed frog (Ascaphus truei); Near Threatened Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli); California newt (Taricha torosa); Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus); Cope's giant salamander (Dicamptodon copei); Monterey ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii); the Near Threatened Foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii); Northern Red-legged frog (Rana aurora); Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla); Van Dyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei), an endemic of the State of Washington, USA; Long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum); and the Olympic torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton olympicus).
There are a moderate number of reptilian species present in the ecoregion, namely in total they are: Western pond turtle (Emys marmorata); Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis); Sharp-tailed snake (Contia tenuis); Ringed-neck snake (Diadophis punctatus); Rubber boa (Charina bottae); California mountain kingsnake (Lampropeltis zonata); Yellow-bellied racer (Coluber constrictor); Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis); Western gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer); Common garter snake (Thanophis sirtalis); Northwestern garter snake (Thamnophis ordinoides); Western skink (Megascops kennicottii); Southern alligator lizard (Elgaria multicarinata); and the Northern alligator lizard (Elgaria coerulea).
There is a considerable number of avifauna within the Central and Southern Cascades ecoregion; representative species being: Flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus); Western screech owl (Megascops kennicottii); White-tailed ptarmigan (Picoides albolarvatus); and White-headed woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus).
There are a large number of mammalian taxa in the ecoregion, including: Bobcat (Lynx rufus); Wolverine (Gulo gulo); California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi); Yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris); Ermine (Mustela erminea); Fog shrew (Sorex sonomae), an endemic mammal to the far western USA; Hoary marmot (Marmota caligata); Mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa); and the Near Threatened red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus); Yellow pine chipmunk (Tamias amoenus); and the American water shrew (Sorex palustris).
Puget Lowland Forests Habitat
Cope's giant salamander is found in the Puget lowland forests along with several other western North America ecoregions. The Puget lowland forests occupy a north-south topographic depression between the Olympic Peninsula and western slopes of the Cascade Mountains, extending from north of the Canadian border to the lower Columbia River along the Oregon border. The portion of this forest ecoregion within British Columbia includes the Fraser Valley lowlands, the coastal lowlands locally known as the Sunshine Coast and several of the Gulf Islands. This ecoregion is within the Nearctic Realm and classified as part of the Temperate Coniferous Forests biome.
The Puget lowland forests have a Mediterranean-like climate, with warm, dry summers, and mild wet winters. The mean annual temperature is 9°C, the mean summer temperature is 15°C, and the mean winter temperature is 3.5°C. Annual precipitation averages 800 to 900 millimeters (mm) but may be as great as 1530 mm. Only a small percentage of this precipitation falls as snow. However, annual rainfall on the San Juan Islands can be as low as 460 mm, due to rain-shadow effects caused by the Olympic Mountains. This local rain shadow effect results in some of the driest sites encountered in the region. Varied topography on these hilly islands results in a diverse assemblage of plant communities arranged along orographically defiined moisture gradients. Open grasslands with widely scattered trees dominate the exposed southern aspects of the islands, while moister dense forests occur on northern sheltered slopes characterized by Western red cedar (Thuja plicata), Grand fir (Abies grandis), and Sword fern (Polystichum munitum) communities.
There are only a small number of amphibian taxa in the Puget lowland forests, namely: Cope's giant salamander (Dicamptodon copei); Monterey ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii); Long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum); Western redback salamander (Plethodon vehiculum); Northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile); Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla); Coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus); Rough-skin newt (Taricha granulosa); the Vulnerable Spotted frog (Rana pretiosa); Tailed frog (Ascopus truei); and Northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora).
Likewise there are a small number of reptilian taxa within the ecoregion: Common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis); Western terrestrial garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis); Northern alligator lizard (Elgaria coerulea); Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis); Northwestern garter snake (Thamnophis ordinoides); Sharp-tailed snake (Contia tenuis); Yellow-bellied racer (Coluber constrictor); and Western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata).
There are numberous mammalian taxa present in the Puget lowland forests. A small sample of these are:Creeping vole (Microtus oregoni), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris), Mink (Mustela vison), Coyote (Canis latrans), Black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus), and Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina).
A rich assortment of bird species present in this ecoregion, including the Near Threatened Spotted owl (Strix occidentalis), Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus), as well as a gamut of seabirds, numerous shorebirds and waterfowl.
California Montane Chaparral and Woodlands Habitat
This taxon can be found in the California montane chaparral and woodlands, a near coastal ecoregion in Central and Southern California, USA. This ecoregion is disjunctive, with a major element in Southern California and another along the Monterey County coast. The ecoregion encompasses most of the Transverse Range that includes the San Bernardino Mountains; San Gabriel Mountains; portions of the Santa Ynez and San Rafael Mountains; Topatopa Mountains; San Jacinto Mountains; the Tehachapi, Greenhorn, Piute, and Kiavah Mountains that extend roughly northeast-southwest from the southern Sierra Nevada; and the Santa Lucia Range that parallels the coast southward from Monterey Bay to Morro Bay.
The California montane chaparral and woodland ecoregion consists of a complex mosaic of coastal sage scrub, lower chaparral dominated by chamise, upper chaparral dominated by manzanita, desert chaparral, Piñon-juniper woodland, oak woodlands, closed-cone pine forests, yellow pine forests, sugar pine-white fir forests, lodgepole pine forests, and alpine habitats. The prevalence of drought-adapted scrub species in the flora of this ecoregion helps distinguish it from similar communities in the Sierras and other portions of northern California. Many of the shared Sierra Nevadan species typically are adapted to drier habitats in that ecoregion, Jeffrey Pine (Pinus jeffreyi) being a good example.
Oak species are an important component of many chaparral and forest communities throughout the ecoregion. Canyon Live Oak, Interior Live Oak, Tanbark Oak (not a true Quercus species), Engelmann Oak, Golden-cup Oak, and Scrub Oak are some examples. Mixed-conifer forests are found between 1371 to 2896 meters elevation with various combinations and dominance of incense cedar, sugar pine, and white fir, Jeffrey Pine, Ponderosa Pine, and mountain juniper. Subalpine forests consist of groves of Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis), Lodgepole Pine, and Jeffrey Pine. Very old individual trees are commonly observed in these relict subalpine forests. Within this zone are subalpine wet meadows, talus slope herbaceous communities, krumholz woodlands, and a few small aspen groves.
In addition to these general vegetation patterns, this ecoregion is noted for a variety of ecologic islands, communities with specialized conditions that are widely scattered and isolated and typically harbor endemic and relict species. Examples include two localities of Knobcone Pine (Pinus attenuata) on serpentine soils, scattered vernal pools with a number of endemic and relict species, and isolated populations of one of North America's most diverse cypress floras, including the rare Gowen Cypress (Cupressus goveniana goveniana) restricted to two sites on acidic soils in the northern Santa Lucia Range, Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) found only at two coastal localities near Monterey Bay, and Sargent Cypress (Callitropsis sargentii LR/LC) restricted to serpentine outcrops. Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) is also restricted to three coastal sites near Monterey Bay.
The ecoregion is also home to a few endemic or near-endemic mammalian vertebrates, such as the White-eared Pocket Mouse (Perognathus alticolus EN), a mammal known only to two disjunct mountain ranges in southern California: San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino County (ssp. alticolus), and the Tehachapi Mountains, in Kern, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties. The near-endemic fossorial Agile Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys agilis) is found in the southern disjunctive unit of the ecoregion, and is known only to the Los Angeles Basin and foothills of San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains in Ventura, Los Angeles, and Riverside counties north to Santa Barbara County and through the southern Sierra Nevada, including Mount Pinos, Tehachapi and San Gabriel mountains, and northern San Fernando Valley. Non-endemic mammals found in the ecoregion include Botta's Pocket Gopher (Thomomys bottae) and Trowbridge's Shrew (Sorex trowbridgii). Some larger vertebrate predators can be found in the ecoregion, including Puma (Puma concolor), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), and Ringtails (Bassariscus astutus).
The ecoregion boasts five endemic and near-endemic amphibians, largely Plethodontid salamanders. Some specific salamander taxa found here are the endemic Tehachapi Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps stebbinsi VU), known from isolated sites in the Caliente Creek drainage, Piute Mountains, and Kern County, California along with scattered populations in the Tehachapi Mountains to Fort Tejon, Kern County; the near-endemic Blackbelly Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps nigriventris); the Monterey Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii); the Channel Islands Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps pacificus), endemic to a narrow range restricted solely on Anacapa, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel islands; and the Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris), found only in California and Baja California. A newt found here is the Coast Range Newt (Taricha torosa). Anuran taxa in the ecoregion include the Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii NT); the Southern Mountain Yellow-legged Frog (Rana muscosa EN), a California endemic occurring in several disjunctive populations; and the Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora).
The California montane chaparral and woodlands ecoregions contains a number of reptiles such as the Coast Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum), who ranges from Northern California to Baja California. Also found here is the Sagebrush Lizard (Sceloporus graciosus); the Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis); the Southern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria multicarinata); and the Side-blotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana). The Two-striped Garter Snake (Thamnophis hammondii) is a restricted range reptile found near-coastally from Monterey County, California southward to Baja California.
The California Condor once inhabited much of the ecoregion, with the western Transverse Range acting today as a refuge for some of the last wild populations, after considerable conservation efforts, especially in the Los Padres National Forest. The Heermann's Gull (Larus heermanni NT) is found in coastal areas of the ecoregion.
California Central Valley Grasslands Habitat
This taxon is found in the California Central Valley grasslands, which extend approximately 430 miles in central California, paralleling the Sierra Nevada Range to the east and the coastal ranges to the west (averaging 75 miles in longitudinal extent), and stopping abruptly at the Tehachapi Range in the south. Two rivers flow from opposite ends and join around the middle of the valley to form the extensive Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta that flows into San Francisco Bay.
Perennial grasses that were adapted to cool-season growth once dominated the ecoregion. The deep-rooted Purple Needle Grass (Nassella pulchra) was particularly important, although Nodding Needle Grass (Stipa cernua), Wild Ryes (Elymus spp.), Lassen County Bluegrass (Poa limosa), Aristida spp., Crested Hair-grass (Koeleria pyramidata), Deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens,), and Coast Range Melicgrass (Melica imperfecta) occurred in varying proportions. Most grass growth occurred in the late spring after winter rains and the onset of warmer and sunnier days. Interspersed among the bunchgrasses were a rich array of annual and perennial grasses and forbs, the latter creating extraordinary flowering displays during certain years. Some extensive mass flowerings of the California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica), Lupines (Lupinus spp.), and Exserted Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja exserta) are found in this grassland ecoregion.
Prehistoric grasslands here supported several herbivores including Pronghorn Antelope (Antilocapra americana), elk (including a valley subspecies, the Tule Elk, (Cervus elaphus nannodes), Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus), California ground squirrels, gophers, mice, hare, rabbits, and kangaroo rats. Several rodents are endemics or near-endemics to southern valley habitats including the Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides exilis), Tipton Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides), San Joaquin Pocket Mouse (Perognathus inornatus), and Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ingens). Predators originally included grizzly bear, gray wolf, coyote, mountain lion, ringtail, bobcat, and the San Joaquin Valley Kit Fox (Vulpes velox), a near-endemic.
The valley and associated delta once supported enormous populations of wintering waterfowl in extensive freshwater marshes. Riparian woodlands acted as important migratory pathways and breeding areas for many neotropical migratory birds. Three species of bird are largely endemic to the Central Valley, surrounding foothills, and portions of the southern coast ranges, namely, the Yellow-billed Magpie (Pica nuttalli), the Tri-colored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor EN), and Nuttall's Woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii).
The valley contains a number of reptile species including several endemic or near-endemic species or subspecies such as the San Joaquin Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum ruddocki), the Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila EN), Gilbert's Skink (Plestiodon gilberti) and the Sierra Garter Snake (Thamnophis couchii). Lizards present in the ecoregion include: Coast Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum NT); Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis); Southern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria multicarinata); and the Northern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria coerulea).
There are only a few amphibian species present in the California Central Valley grasslands ecoregion. Special status anuran taxa found here are: Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii NT); Pacific Chorus Frog (Pseudacris regilla); and Western Spadefoot Toad (Pelobates cultripes). The Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) occurs within this ecoregion.
Although many endemic plant species are recognized, especially those associated with vernal pools, e.g. Prickly Spiralgrass (Tuctoria mucronata). A number of invertebrates are known to be restricted to California Central Valley habitats. These include the Delta Green Ground Beetle (Elaphrus viridis CR) known only from a single vernal pool site, and the Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) found only in riparian woodlands of three California counties.
Vernal pool communities occur throughout the Central Valley in seasonally flooded depressions. Several types are recognized including valley pools in basin areas which are typically alkaline or saline, terrace pools on ancient flood terraces of higher ground, and pools on volcanic soils. Vernal pool vegetation is ancient and unique with many habitat and local endemic species. During wet springs, the rims of the pools are encircled by flowers that change in composition as the water recedes. Several aquatic invertebrates are restricted to these unique habitats including a species of fairy shrimp and tadpole shrimp.
Habitat and Ecology
- Terrestrial
Comments: This lizard occupies various habitats, including grassland, sagebrush, woodland, open coniferous forest, rocky canyons, talus slopes, fence rows, etc. (Stebbins 2003). This species is not found in severe desert areas, but it comes close on mountain slopes (Stebbins 2003). Usually it is on the ground or on low perches (e.g., logs, fences), but sometimes climbs well up into taller bushes or trees. Eggs are buried in loose soil.
Non-Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species do not make significant seasonal migrations. Juvenile dispersal is not considered a migration.
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
Trophic Strategy
Comments: Eats mainly insects (e.g. beetles, flies, caterpillars, and ants) and spiders.
Population Biology
Number of Occurrences
Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.
Estimated Number of Occurrences: > 300
Comments: This species is represented by hundreds of collection sites (e.g., see Nussbaum et al. 1983, Bell and Price 1996).
Global Abundance
100,000 to >1,000,000 individuals
Comments: Total adult population size is unknown but certainly exceeds 100,000.
General Ecology
Adult males defend home range during breeding season. Seasonal home range generally much less than 0.01 ha in central California (Davis and Ford 1983). Predators: predatory birds and snakes.
When individuals on tree trunks are approached closely, they often move to the other side of the trunk.
Life History and Behavior
Comments: These lizards are generally inactive during cold weather. Duration of the inactive period varies with local climate. Emergence from hibernacula occurs in late winter or early spring, depending on local conditions.
Courtship and mating generally occur in spring. Egg laying extends from April or May to June or July in most areas. Eggs are buried in loose soil or secluded in old logs or under rocks. Clutch size in different areas ranges from 3 to 17; clutch size tends to increase with female size, latitude, and elevation. Eggs hatch in about 2 months, mostly in August or September in many areas. Individuals first breed in the spring of their second year (Nussbaum et al. 1983, Stebbins 1985).
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Sceloporus occidentalis
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Sceloporus occidentalis
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
Intrinsic Vulnerability: Moderately vulnerable
Population Trend
Global Short Term Trend: Relatively stable (=10% change)
Comments: Extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, and population size are large and probably relatively stable (or slowly declining).
Global Long Term Trend: Increase of 10-25% to decline of 30%
Degree of Threat: Medium
Comments: No major threats have been identified. Locally, conversion of habitat to intensive human uses have eliminated or reduced some populations.
Conservation Actions
Global Protection: Very many (>40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed
Comments: This species occurs in many national parks, monuments, and similarly well-protected areas.
Western fence lizard
The western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is a common lizard of California and the surrounding area. Because the ventral abdomen of an adult is characteristically blue, it is also known as the blue-belly.
It is a member of the genus Sceloporus (the spiny lizards).[1]
Taxonomy for the western fence lizard has been under much debate. S. occidentalis belongs in the order Squamata (snakes and lizards) and the suborder Iguania. The family in which it belongs is still under scrutiny. The family Phrynosomatidae, along with seven other families, used to be included in the single family Iguanidae, until Frost and Etheridge's (1989) analysis of iguanian systematics suggested the family be divided.[2] Some literature, however, still places the phrynosomatids in Iguanidae.
Six subspecies are recognized, as follows:
- Island fence lizard, S. o. becki
- San Joaquin fence lizard, S. o. biseriatus
- Coast Range fence lizard, S. o. bocourtii
- Great Basin fence lizard, S. o. longipes
- Northwestern fence lizard, S. o. occidentalis
- Sierra fence lizard, ''S. o. taylori
Some authors have raised the island fence lizard to specific rank, Sceloporus becki. However, recent work in molecular systematics has suggested there are four clades and 11 genetically separable populations, and the subspecies will probably have to be redefined.[1]
Western fence lizards measure 5.7-8.9 cm (snout-vent length)[3] and a total length of about 21 cm.[4] They are brown to black in color (the brown may be sandy or greenish) and have black stripes on their backs, but their most distinguishing characteristic is their bright blue bellies. The ventral sides of the limbs are yellow.[5] These lizards also have blue patches on their throats. This bright coloration is faint or absent in both females and juveniles. The scales of S. occidentalis are sharply keeled, and between the interparietal and rear of thighs, there are 35-57 scales.[3]
Many other lizards have similar bright-blue coloring. The eastern fence lizard, S. undulatus, instead of having one large patch on its throat, has two small patches.[3] The sagebrush lizard, S. graciosus, lacks yellow limbs and has smaller dorsal scales.[3] S. occidentalis also resembles the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana. However, the axilla of U. stansburiana usually has a black spot behind it and it has a complete gular fold.[3]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Although California is the heart of the range of this lizard, it is also found in eastern and southwestern Oregon (some populations are found even north of Seattle, WA), as well as in the Columbia River Gorge, southwestern Idaho, Nevada, western Utah, northwestern Baja California, Arizona, and some of the islands off the coast of both California and Baja California.[6]
The western fence lizard occupies a variety of habitats. It is found in grassland, broken chaparral, sagebrush, woodland, coniferous forest, and farmland, and occupies elevations from sea level to 10,800 ft.[3] They generally avoid the harsh desert.
As of now, the western fence lizard is listed as unprotected, and no conservation restrictions apply.[5][5]
These lizards are commonly seen sunning on paths, rocks, and fence posts, and other high places, which makes them an easy target for predation by snakes, birds, and even some mammals, such as shrews. They protect themselves by employing their fast reflexes, which are common in many other lizards.[5]
The western fence lizard eats spiders and insects.
Like most other lizards, S. occidentalis goes through a period of hibernation during the winter. The length of time and when they emerge varies depending on climate. During the mating season, adult males will defend a home range.[4]
Western fence lizards mate in the spring, and do not breed until the spring of their second year. Females lay one to three clutches of three to 17 eggs (usually eight) between April and July. The eggs hatch in August.[3][4]
Lyme disease[edit]
Studies have shown Lyme disease is lower in areas where the lizards occur. When ticks carrying Lyme disease feed on these lizards' blood (which they commonly do, especially around their ears), a protein in their blood kills the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. The blood inside the ticks' gut is therefore cleansed and no longer carries Lyme disease.[7]
- ^ a b "Sceloporus occidentalis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 6 February 2006.
- ^ Family Phrynosomatidae from Animal Diversity Web
- ^ a b c d e f g Stebbins, Robert C. "A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians." 3rd ed. Peterson Field Guides, 2003
- ^ a b c Sceloporus occidentalis from Idaho Museum of Natural History
- ^ a b c d Sceloporus occidentalis from San Diego Natural History Museum
- ^ C. Michael Hogan (2008) "Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)", Globaltwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg [1]
- ^ Lizards that fight Lyme disease from the California Academy of Sciences
See also[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Western fence lizard.
Sceloporus occidentalis taylori
Sceloporus occidentalis taylori is a subspecies of the western fence lizard,[1] commonly called the Sierra fence lizard. Several subspecies of the western fence lizard, a species of phrynosomatid lizard, are found in the far western part of North America.[2]The subspecific epithet, taylori, is in honor of American herpetologist Edward Harrison Taylor.[3]
See also
- ^ H.M. Smith, 1995
- ^ C.M. Hogan, 2008
- ^ Beltz, Ellin. 2006. Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America - Explained. http://ebeltz.net/herps/biogappx.html.
- Hobart M. Smith (1995) Handbook of Lizards: Lizards of the United States and of Canada, Cornell University Press, 557 pages ISBN 0-8014-8236-4
- C. Michael Hogan (2008) "Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)", Globaltwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg [1]
|This lizard article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Names and Taxonomy
Comments: Specific distinctness of S. occidentalis and S. undulatus is confirmed by their sympatric reproductive isolation in southwestern Utah (Cole 1983, Smith and Chiszar 1989). See Sites et al. (1992) for a review of phylogenetic hypotheses for lizards of the genus Sceloporus.


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Most convenient pharmacy (in/out) on the way to the beach. Friendly staff, well stocked, very clean. Asian-owned Doughnut shop next door. Supplies! Just kiddin. As good as Krispy Kreme, almost.
Troy Cvs Pharmacy
1. CVS Pharmacy
100 Highway 231 STroy, AL 36081
From Business: CVS Pharmacy Inc. is one of the largest pharmacy retailers in the United States. Located in Troy, Ala., the firm offers a wide range of products in the categories o…
2. Alabama Cvs Pharmacy
1329 S Brundidge StTroy, AL 36081
3. CVS Pharmacy
101 Baskin St NUnion Springs, AL 36089
From Business: Located in Union Springs, Ala., CVS Pharmacy Inc., a subsidiary of CVS Caremark Corporation, is one of the largest pharmacy retailers in the United States. The firm…
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176 Andrews AveOzark, AL 36360
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2205 E South BlvdMontgomery, AL 36116
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Serving the Troy Area.
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115 Southland VlgTroy, AL 36079
From Business: Rite Aid Corporation is one of the nation's leading drugstore chains, combining its modern store base, strong brand name, modern distribution centers and superior p…
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200 N 3 Notch StTroy, AL 36081
From Business: We carry over the counter and prescription drugs. As your local Good Neighbor Pharmacy, we offer quality products at affordable prices, while providing the personal…
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81 N Court SqTroy, AL 36081
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81 N Court SqTroy, AL 36081
11. Walmart - Pharmacy
1420 Highway 231 STroy, AL 36081
From Business: Visit your local Walmart pharmacy for your healthcare needs including prescription drugs, refills, flu-shots & immunizations, eye care, walk-in clinics, and pet med…
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1261 Highway 231 STroy, AL 36081
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Most convenient pharmacy (in/out) on the way to the beach. Friendly staff, well stocked, very clean. Asian-owned Doughnut shop next door. Supplies! …
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107 S Main StBrundidge, AL 36010
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107 S Main StBrundidge, AL 36010
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132 S Main StBrundidge, AL 36010
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You will not find more personal professional care in a pharmacy. The staff really care and act like it. Please patron this pharmacy over the other…
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22. Bryan Pharmacy Inc
397 Polka Ave NElba, AL 36323
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Unmarked cop car containing weapons, I.D. stolen
By Julie Knipe Brown
Miami Herald
MIAMI — Law enforcement officers from two counties are searching for an unmarked police car loaded with weapons, ammunition, riot gear -- and possibly even an emergency light -- that was stolen from outside a Hialeah restaurant early Friday morning.
Investigators are warning that the thief may possibly use the vehicle to impersonate a police officer by stopping an unsuspecting motorist.
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Local News
Five People Injured in Jefferson County Wreck
11/26/2012 @ 12:12 PMFive people were injured in a Jefferson County wreck this weekend. Jefferson County Sheriff's Deputies say 70-year-old Gary Melton of Mt. Vernon crossed the center line of Route 37 near the Campground Road in the Bonnie area early Saturday night and struck an on-coming car nearly head on. The driver of that car is identified as 47-year-old Amelia Smith of Desoto. Both drivers along with three passengers in the Smith car were taken to Good Samaritan Hospital in Mt. Vernon. They are 36-year-old Gretchen Chamber of Carbondale and 68-year-old Susan Stanhouse and 62-year-old Gary Adler of Marion. Reports do not indicate why Melton may have crossed the center line. Jefferson Rural Firemen say one of those involved in the wreck required minor extrication. No tickets have been issued as the investigation continues. The wreck occurred at 7:20 Saturday night.
See other LocalNews news:Two Centralia Residents Face Felony Burglary and Retail Theft at Salem Walmart
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Police Beat for Monday, July 25th
2 Efforts in Illinois Attempt to Change Sex Offender Laws


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A smile, but only one side of your lips curl up. It is used seductively by both guys and girls to look attractive.
From across the room, he gave me a half-smile and winked.
af lettuceboy4life 27. maj 2008
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"Centrally located, friendly staff and value for money"
"Centrally located, friendly staff and value for money"
As of January 1st 2011, the Municipal Council of Rome has introduced a room occupancy tax in the amount of maximum EUR 3.00 per person per night – applicable for maximum 10 days. Starting from September 1st, 2014 the amount has been increased up to EUR 7.00 per person per night (depending on the accommodation type and star rating). Children under the age of 10 years are exempt from payment. The fee will be asked of anyone staying in overnight accommodation inside Rome's boundaries at the end of each stay. The fee is not included in Agoda's price and must be paid at the Hotel.
In case of check-in out of office hours, guests are kindly requested to inform the property at least 1 day before arrival.
Check-in is between 7:30 AM - 10:00 PM.
Guests might be contacted by the property to inquire check-in hours.
|Baby 0-2 jaar
|Verblijf gratis indien gebruik wordt gemaakt van aanwezige bedden. Let op: als u vraagt om een kinderbed/wieg kan een toeslag worden gerekend.
|Kinderen 3-4 jaar
|Gebruik extra bed vereist.


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2006 Nissan Murano SL, 117,500 miles. Since July 1, 2011 the crank sensor has been replaced 4 times. This started with no warning, driving along, car shuts off. SOmetimes it would crank back and could be driven for a short time, but would eventually shut off again. Currently at local dealer, ruled out timing chain this morning. I need help to solve this issue. Sounds electrical in nature to me. Any suggestions?
Tuesday, August 16th, 2011 AT 8:04 PM


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Tulsa, OK 74104
2121 N 85th East Ave
Tulsa, OK 74115
9025 N 121 East Ave
Owasso, OK 74055
Track the Status of Your FedEx® Package
Enter a FedEx tracking or door tag number below. You can also track FedEx Office orders by entering order numbers.
Copy & Print Services
Upload your documents online and pick them up at FedEx Office on 8228 E 61st St or print to any of our 1,800 locations. We offer self-service color copying, high-volume digital printing, presentations and postcards to name a few.
Packing & Shipping Supplies
Get your packing supplies and let our shipping experts help you ship with FedEx. Our professionals can even help you pack specialty items like luggage or golf clubs and ship them with FedEx Express or FedEx Ground to meet you at your destination.
Computer Access & Wi-Fi
Rent a computer with internet access or get online with free AT&T Wi-Fi access at FedEx Office in Tulsa. Check email, browse the web, print copies or scan photos. All in one place.
Photo Printing Services
FedEx Office® Print & Ship Center also offers a full range of photo printing services that can help you make the most of your photos. Photo posters and canvases to cards, calendars and passport photos, we've got it all.