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Special to Page 2
BATON ROUGE, La. -- In the spring of 2005 the cast and crew of "Glory Road" journeyed from El Paso, Texas, to Louisiana State University to recreate the historic 1966 NCAA championship game between Texas Western and the University of Kentucky. This was the first time five black players started a collegiate game. "Glory Road" is being released by Disney, the parent company of ESPN, and hits theaters Friday.
Riley remembers
Before he became a suave, Armani suit-wearing NBA coach, Pat Riley made his mark as a player for coach Adolph Rupp's Kentucky Wildcats. Riley was a starter on the team that lost to Texas Western in the 1966 NCAA championship.
That game and subsequent loss had a lasting impact on Riley. He shared his memories with his good friend, Jerry Bruckheimer, the producer of the film.
On the set, the Miami Heat coach talked about his former coach and the effect the game had on the sport, society and himself.
1. What's your most vivid memory of that game?Pat Riley: The most vivid memory of it was the pain that you go through. It was a hard loss. There's only one time that you get a chance to do something significant in the NCAA championship. And when you get there, you've really got to do it. If you don't, you never really get another opportunity. We didn't. They were better than we were, more aggressive than we were. And they did it under the most trying circumstances.
2. Did the social impact of this game hit you when you were playing in it?Riley: We were too tunnel-visioned into winning the NCAA championship. Nobody would discuss the issues back in the '60s. While they were in the mastheads of the newspapers across the country -- all the strife and unrest and the burning of cities and all that -- we were playing basketball. Now that I think back I feel guilty about the whole thing. I'm glad this story is coming out.
3. What do you remember about the atmosphere?Riley: We were playing against five very good black players and they were playing against five very good white players from the South. Everybody was thinking those thoughts, but that wasn't something that the media would bring out. There was no spin on it. It was a very, very competitive game, but most of the time back then the fans and players behaved themselves. There was not a lot of celebration, not a lot of that craziness coming from the audience. I think it was born out of the '50s and '60s discipline.
4. What do you think of Wes Brown's portrayal of you?
Riley: Wes is doing a great job -- great job. He's gotten dunked on, so he knows how I felt in 1966. He's taken some hard fouls, made some jump shots and he's doing me proud, absolutely. My wife, though, says he's a little bit better looking than I am.
5. What kind of insight were you able to give Jon Voight into the character of coach Rupp?
Riley: I met him when I was coaching the Lakers. He absolutely has been a sponge. I respect the fact that he thinks that I can help him. He's a method actor. It's so eerie about how he sounds and how he's picked up Adolph's mannerisms in his voice. I think he's going to represent coach Rupp in a very dignified, competitive manner. Jerry Bruckheimer could not have casted a better man to play him in this movie.
6. There have always been a lot of negative preconceptions about coach Rupp. Was he a complicated or complex man?
Riley: No. Most people that have done something absolutely significant in their industry can often be misunderstood. He was the greatest coach at the time. He was the John Wooden, the Bobby Knight, the Dean Smith and he was bigger than life. There were a lot of perceptions about him that absolutely took on a mythical thing. Something he would say, all of a sudden would be something else 10 years later.
The best thing that ever happened to me in my life was to go to the University of Kentucky and play for a man who was disciplined, organized and when I left there I thought I was a better person for it. So all the misconceptions about him from the outside world weren't true.
Voight channels Rupp
Oscar winner Jon Voight sat apart from the others staring blankly at the drab parquet floor beneath him. He looked as though he had been spooked by the ghost of Adolph Rupp.
That wasn't too far from the truth. As he had done in previous biopics such as "Ali" and "Pearl Harbor," Voight chose to stay in character as soon as he stepped on the set. As a result, his portrayal of Rupp is so right on that even Riley did a double-take the first time he heard Voight deliver a line.
"He's really got coach Rupp down," Riley said. "He immediately took me back to that time in 1966, back to that game. It is eerie."
Voight, a native New Yorker, was just 28 at the time and embarking on a career that would include such hit films as "Midnight Cowboy," "Deliverance," "Coming Home" and "The Champ."
"I didn't know too much about this story to begin with," Voight said. "I went through the '60s knowing quite a lot of things but I wasn't focused on that for some reason. It was interesting when I read it. I didn't know anything about coach Rupp because I was from the North -- New York -- and I guess we didn't pay much attention to Kentucky basketball."
Voight, however, does recall the era.
"I remember that time very well because I went on some marches and civil rights was a very important movement," Voight said. "It was interesting to see justice being served in this aspect of equality that is in the Constitution after all. That was a very stirring part of the '60s. That was the positive amid all the assassinations and the political unrest."
Voight discovered that, aside from compiling an 879-190 record in 41 years at Kentucky, beneath Rupp's gruff exterior was a man with a tremendous sense of humor who was a commanding presence on the court and a timid communicator off of it. And Voight, like others who knew Rupp well, thinks that, contrary to rumors, Rupp was not racist.
Voight found some of the answers by talking to friends and associates of Rupp. He also listened to more than 100 audio tapes of Rupp from postgame interviews and various speeches. Rupp intrigued Voight.
"I listened to him and said, 'You know, I like this guy,'" Voight said. "I think this guy is an interesting guy. I know that he was raised in a culture in that part of the world where he probably did have built-in bigotry. But was he a bigot? And I had to say that he was an idealist and a teacher. I know that he coached teams for the Olympics with black players and that one of the first teams he coached in high school had a black player on it. The black players were always very supportive of him.
"I thought that was interesting. I had to wonder why they were trying to put this label on this guy."
After completing his research, Voight assessed that Rupp was not a bad guy, he was a smart one. Sure, he was in a position where he could have made a difference and challenged the status quo, but he knew what black players would face in the SEC during that time.
"He'd play against Mississippi State and the fans would throw live skunks at him, and he was white! He knew what would happen if he brought a black player into that situation," Voight said. "Sure, people later said that he could have made a statement, but he said it would take a strong kid to stand up to that and he wasn't looking for the kind of kid who could deal with that kind of pressure.
"He wouldn't have been comfortable in the role of crusader. He wouldn't have sacrificed his work to make a statement at that time. He wanted to continue being a basketball coach and a successful one. That may be a flaw, but not too many people are heroic. And he had to think about his family and what he was going to put them through."
Voight hopes that his portrayal of Rupp will help dispel some of the misconceptions of the man who led Kentucky to four national championships and 27 SEC titles.
"He can't defend himself, so you have to be very careful and clear about what we know about this guy," Voight said. "He was a teacher, he was a technician and a psychologist of sorts. He was tough, and yes, even arrogant. He wasn't a warm and fuzzy guy. But the bottom line was that he was successful. That was the way he got to the top. That was the way he became a winner."
Getting his game on
When Derek Luke signed on to play Texas Western guard Bobby Joe Hill in "Glory Road," he initially felt that his passion for the story would help him overcome his less-than-stellar basketball skills.
But by the end of the film, the actor who had portrayed high school running back Boobie Miles in "Friday Night Lights," had unearthed a game that he now claims could rival a "second-string high school player." That's not too shabby for a guy who is the first to admit he's no natural athlete.
Learning to play ball with the help of Mike Fisher (the film's basketball coordinator) and current USC hoops coach Tim Floyd, however, was probably an easier task than portraying someone who was no longer around. The real Hill, who helped lead the Miners to that improbable NCAA championship in 1966, died of a heart attack in 2002. Unfortunately for Luke, there was not a lot of published material on Hill, so he had to rely on information from Hill's widow and his surviving teammates.
Luke talked about his preparation for the role, the social ramifications of the 1966 NCAA championship and his challenges on the court.
1. How would you measure the progress of the nation in terms of race relations since 1966?
Derek Luke: One of the things I discovered during my research was that race relations have continued to improve, but at first I thought the progress had stopped because when I looked at the NCAA -- these guys and their victory -- I saw how the civil rights movement was one of the things that made this happen. I felt like basketball was just one of the veins that was connected to the heart of it all. My point is that back then, most of these people -- that moved the movement -- were spiritual leaders. So in doing research for this particular movie, I think of more than just how it [race relations] has changed. It's more of a question now of who is in leadership. How are people being led? I think that's what's different.
2. What do you think a film like this says to people of your generation?
Luke: I think it gives us a perspective and an appreciation that sports is not an obligation, it's a privilege. You played for more than yourself. There's no such thing as an obstacle you can't overcome.
3. Was it a disadvantage not having the real Bobby Joe Hill around as a reference source?
Luke: It's always good to have as much information as possible. The interesting thing about Bobby Joe is that he was very much like he was [portrayed] on screen. He didn't talk much. He was like a kid when he came on the court. He just came alive. As far as interviews, there wasn't a whole lot of information leading up to Bobby Joe. That's where I had a challenging task.
4. Who gave you the most insight into him?
Luke: There were bits and parts from everyone. Nevil Shed, who was his roommate, gave me the most information regarding Bobby Joe. The one thing that everyone says about him is that nothing ever bothered him.
4. How did you see him as opposed to the way he's portrayed on film? It looks like he was kind of a ladies' man who liked to party.
Luke: Now that's him! I think Bobby Joe liked his environment. Once he was among friends and his teammates, he enjoyed himself. That's one of the things that I enjoyed about him. He was a man's man and was a fun guy to be around. He was one of those personalities that just stuck out. A natural leader.
Sneak Preview: Behind the scenes of the making of "Glory Road"
5. A lot of your co-stars say that your game has come a long way since those early days of shooting in Baton Rouge. How would you assess your skills today?
Luke: I do believe I'm a better baller than when I started. I have better form and more understanding. I felt like I was the iron-on and had some challenges. A lot of other people had experience, but the fact of the matter was that people depended on Bobby Joe to make the plays. He got his name from what he did on the court. So it was just allowing myself to feel and be led by that spirit.
6. Did you actually make all those shots or were there some cutaways involved there?
Luke: There were cutaways, but there was one special shot. The director comes up to me and says, "Hey Derek, this is what we're going to do. You're going to start it, we're going to use your face and your body and then we're going to throw a double in."
We rehearsed it and ran the three-shot play. I get the ball, throw it up and it goes in. The whole stadium goes quiet. The film crew goes quiet.
They're screaming, "Run Bobby Joe, run Bobby Joe!' I started running and they were like, "We got it!'
I made a statement. Then I became part of an NCAA team.
7. Who gave you the best advice when it came to the game?
Luke: We dealt with a lot of NBA coaches. Tim Floyd did most of the physical training for us and I spoke with Pat Riley. I also spoke with the real Don Haskins. Those three guys -- put all the elements together -- the physical, the mental and the spirit of what was happening at that time, that day, and how to play. I think the combination of that royalty just birthed the skill.
Miki Turner is a segment producer for ESPN Hollywood and can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 3, 1999
|Filing date
|Jul 21, 1994
|Priority date
|Jun 21, 1990
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ludwig Karl Rijkse, Willem Sietses, Michel Gillard
|Original Assignee
|Fina Research, S. A.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (4), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a request for filing a continuation application under 37 CFR 1.60, of pending prior application Ser. No. 07/541,870, filed on Jun. 21, 1990 of Rijkse, et al. for Powder Compositions for Primer Coatings Suitable for PVdF-Based Top Coatings, now abandoned.
This application claims priority under 35 USC 119 of a previously filed foreign application which was filed as an International Application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty as Ser. No. PCT/BE89/00031; filed Jun. 22, 1989.
The present invention relates to powder compositions and their use as primer coatings. In particular, the present invention relates to powder compositions for primer coatings particularly useful with PVdF based poly(vinylidene fluoride)! top coatings, without the need for using solvents.
The present invention also relates to a process for preparing powder compositions and to a process for coating a substrate with said compositions.
PVdF is recognized as exhibiting valuable properties which make its use as a binding agent very desirable. It is stable towards aggressive chemicals; and it is thermally stable, dirt-repellent, scratch resistant, weather-resistant and is not readily broken down by UV radiation. The durability of PVdF is evidenced by its tough finish as well as its ability to resist crazing and chalking with changing weather conditions.
Because of these advantageous properties, PVdF-based coatings are known to be very useful as protective coatings for a variety of substrates, more particularly for building panels and other articles made from metal sheets intended for outdoor use. However, while PVdF-based compositions provide a very satisfactory topcoating, they adhere poorly to metal substrates and have less than satisfactory corrosion resistance. Thus, PVdF-based coatings usually need to be applied on a suitable primer coating, rather than directly to the metal, mainly for improving adhesion to the substrate but also in order to improve corrosion resistance of the substrate. This is particularly necessary with metal substrates such as steel and aluminum. For this reason, many different primer coating compositions have been formulated. The composition of the primer depends, among other factors, on the topcoat which will subsequently be applied to it.
As primer for PVdF topcoats, it has already been proposed to use compositions of an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin and an organosilicon or organoaluminum compound. However, these compositions require the use of compounds which are designed to improve the adhesion to the substrate and are therefore delicate to use.
European Patent Application EP-A-294755 discloses a PVdF-based liquid coating product, based on a solvent and a ternary polymer mixture of PVdF, a second polymer incompatible therewith, and a compatibilizer, which product is be used as topcoat without primer coating. However, the preferred choice of an epoxy resin as the incompatible polymer considerably reduces the weathering resistance of the resulting coating.
Although the known wet systems may give good results, environmental protection laws throughout the world, but mainly in the U.S.A. and Europe, are making it increasingly difficult to handle solvent-based coating systems. Further, the recovery of the solvent is a costly procedure. Still further, use of both a powder top coating and a wet primer system requires two separate sets of application equipment, thus increasing fixed costs. Accordingly, there is a significant need for solventless powder compositions for primer coatings.
However, it is difficult to find a primer composition for PVdF powder coatings that will yield a system having good properties. Accordingly, there is a significant need in the art for improved solvent-free primer coatings for PVdF-based powder coatings, said primer coatings being capable of adhering well to a metal substrate as well as having good intercoat adhesion with the PVdF-based topcoats, while providing good corrosion resistance to the substrate. Additionally, the primer itself must retain its integrity, i.e. neither craze nor deteriorate.
It is an object of the present invention to provide powder primer products.
It is another object of the present invention to provide powder primer products suitable for PVdF-based powder coating products.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a process of preparing such powder primer products, without the use of solvents at any step thereof.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a process for coating a substrate with a primer coating for PVdF-based topcoats.
Accordingly the present invention provides powder products, comprising
(i) from about 5 to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the product, of one or more thermoplastic resins compatible with PVdF; and
(ii) from about 50 to about 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the product, of a thermosetting binder system, preferably epoxy-based.
The present invention also provides the use of the powder products as primer coatings, more particularly as primer coatings for PVdF-based top coatings. The present invention further provides a substrate coated with the primer and a process for coating a substrate with a primer coating, said primer coating being suitable for later application of a pigmented PVdF-based top coating by applying a pigmented PVdF-based powder on said primer coating and subjecting it to a heat treatment, preferably at a temperature of about 160 to about 260� C., said process comprising the steps of:
(a) applying the primer powder on a substrate;
(b) subjecting the primer coating to a heat treatment, preferably at a temperature of about 160 to about 260� C.
The following description is intended solely to further illustrate the invention but should not be considered limitative of the reasonable scope thereof.
The primer contains from about 5 to about 15 wt %, preferably about 8 wt %, of one or more thermoplastic resins compatible with PVdF, preferably selected form the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride polymers, compatible acrylic polymers, and mixtures thereof.
The amount of the compatible thermoplastic resin in the powder composition is that amount sufficient to improve the adhesion of the resulting primer coating with a PVdF-based top coating. If part of the thermosetting resin is compatible with PVdF, it is possible to use lower amounts of the compatible thermoplastic resin.
The compatibility of two polymer resins can be detected by any one of a wide variety of methods known in the art (see e.g. "Polymer Blends", D. R. Paul et al., Eds., 1978 and "Polymer-Polymer Miscibility", O. Olabisi et al., 1979, both from Academic Press, New York). However, one method is most commonly used, namely the determination of the glass transition temperature Tg; which determination may be carried out using several methods, including spectroscopy and calorimetry. Indeed, it is generally accepted that compatible blends are indicated by a single glass transition temperature.
The preferred method used by the Applicant is differential scanning calorimetry, better known as DSC. Polymer blends are obtained by vacuum (<10 Pa) removal of the solvent from a 3% solution in dimethylformamide, first at room temperature then at 100� C., before being slowly cooled to ambient temperature. DSC measurements are carried out using three successive cycles of heating at 20� C./min, maintaining at the maximum temperatures for 10 minutes, cooling at 20� C./min and maintaining at the minimum temperature also for 10 minutes. Tg is defined as the temperature corresponding to the inflection point at half the specific heat difference, Cp, observed with the transition during the second and third heating steps.
However, as a screening method, it is also possible to visually evaluate the compatibility by the clarity of a film cast from a homogeneous solution of the polymer mixture, the polymers being compatible if the film exhibits no heterogeneity under considerable magnification.
Numerous thermoplastic polymers are known in the art to be compatible with PVdF (see e.g. J. Polym. Sci., 27 B, 1195, 1989). However, the compatible thermoplastic resin is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride polymers, compatible acrylic polymers, and mixtures thereof.
The vinylidene fluoride polymers which are preferably used in the compositions of the invention are not only the homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride (PVdF), but also the copolymers prepared from at least 90% by weight of vinylidene fluoride monomers. Suitable copolymers include those with fluorinated comonomers such as, for example, tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylfluoride, and the like. However, the homopolymer is generally used.
The preferred vinylidene fluoride polymers are those having a weight average molecular weight in the range of about 10,000 to about 70,000, most preferably about 30,000 to about 50,000, a melting temperature of about 155 to about 170� C., a melt flow index (according to ASTM D 1238 (230 C/5kg)) of about 10 to about 50 g/10 min, most preferably about 10 to about 30 g/10 min, and a melt viscosity (according to ASTM D 3835) of about 600 to about 1200 Pa.s at 230� C., most preferably about 700 to about 1000 Pa.s.
The acrylic polymers preferably used in the invention are those derived from one or more monomers having the formula CH2═CR1--CO--O--R2, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, and R2 is an alkyl radical containing from one to four carbon atoms. More preferred acrylates for use in the invention are poly(methylmethacrylate) and copolymers of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate. The most preferred acrylic resins are copolymers of about 70wt % of methyl methacrylate with about 30 wt % of ethyl acrylate which exhibit a viscosity of about 7 to about 17 P when in 40% solution in a solvent mixture which is a 95:5 by weight mixture of toluene and ethylene glycol methyl ether.
The powder products of the invention comprise from about 50 to about 90 wt % of a thermosetting binder system consisting essentially of a thermosetting resin. Thermosetting resins contain cross-linking sites and, upon the application of heat and in the present of an appropriate curing agent (if the nature of the cross-linking sites requires it), they cure to a final resin which is mechanically strong, resistant to chemical attack and adherent to the substrate. Such thermosetting resins are usually obtained by copolymerization of monomer units with a minor amount of comonomer units containing a cross-linking site. Such sites are usually reactive groups like hydroxy, carboxyl, amino and glycidyl groups, which may be cross-linked using a curing agent which is exemplified by polyisocyanate compounds (usually diisocyanates like isophorone diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, or hexamethylene diisocyanate), dimers and trimers thereof, and blocked isocyanate compounds (blocked at the isocyanate group with a blocking agent such as epsilon-caprolactam, phenol, benzyl alcohol or methyl ethyl ketoxime).
If the thermosetting resin is not self-curing, a curing agent is required, the amount of which may vary over a considerable range, depending on the particular type of curing agent selected and on the degree of curing desired.
A wide choice of thermosetting binder systems, designed for use in powder coatings, is available. They are known in the art, so that a complete description is not required herein. However, mainly to meet the corrosion resistance requirements, it is preferable to use a system based on a solid epoxy resin with an appropriate curing agent.
Solid epoxy resins which are useful in the practice of this invention are exemplified by, but not limited to, resins produced by reacting epichlorhydrin and bisphenol A and having an epoxy equivalent weight of from about 400 to about 1800. Numerous other examples may be found in the prior art, e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,553 or in "Handbook of Epoxy Resins" (Lee and Neville, 1967, McGraw-Hill).
The preferred curing agent for these epoxy resins is dicyandiamide (NC--N═C--(NH2)2) which provides coatings with suitable reactivity, excellent mechanical properties, and chemical and corrosion resistance. The preferred concentration range for dicyandiamide is from about 4% to about 10% by weight of the epoxy resin.
The powder coating composition of the present invention can be mixed according to need with the various kinds of additives used in conventional coating compositions. Examples of the additives which can be compounded with the inventive powder coating composition include pigments, extenders, leveling agents, ultraviolet absorbers, thermal aging retarders and so on. These additives can be used either singly or in combination.
The compositions of the invention contain from 0 to about 35 wt % pigments. The use of pigments in the coating composition of the present invention is optional. If no pigment is used, this result in clear coat compositions; no visual control will be available when applying such clear coat manually, and the coating thus obtained may be unevenly thick.
When pigments are used, any pigment or combination of pigments can be used, for example, titanium dioxide, provided they are resistant to the subsequent heat treatments. The powder composition preferably contains from about 5 to about 25 wt % pigments.
The powder composition may optionally contain up to about 3 wt % leveling agent. Although a leveling agent is not essential to the invention, it helps obtain the high quality of coating surface required by some users. The amount of leveling agent can vary widely from about 0 to about 3 wt % based on the total weight of the mixture, but the amount preferably used is about 0.7 to about 1 wt % based on the total weight of the mixture.
Extruding and granulating (pelletizing) the resulting mixture can be conducted following standard procedures. The operating procedures and conditions are easily determined by one skilled in that art. The processing temperature is preferably from about 90� C. to about 140� C. with about 100� C. being most preferred. The dimensions of the pellets are not critical, however the pellets are usually about 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in length.
In one embodiment of the invention, a master-batch is first prepared with the PVdF-compatible thermoplastic resin and the thermosetting binder resin in a weight ratio of from about 1:1 to about 1:4; which is then extruded with the remainder of the components.
Grinding the pellets may be accomplished by any means which allows suitable particles to be obtained. The resulting powder should comprise particles of size and shape suitable for achieving constant flow through the application equipment, mainly in order to obtain a constant thickness of the coating. It is preferred that the shape of the particles be as spherical as possible, because the resulting powder has better flow properties with spherical particles. For controlling particle size, the grinding step, if needed, may be combined with a sieving step for eliminating the largest size particles, i.e. those particles exceeding about three times the desired thickness of the coating.
On the other hand, excessively small particles (i.e. <1.5 um, wherein urn stands for micrometer) are to be avoided, because they are a health hazard and tend to block the transport lines during application. Accordingly it is preferred that the particles of the ground primer powder have an average particle size between about 0.03 and about 0.05 mm.
The grinding step is preferably carried out at room temperature, or at least at a temperature higher than about +50� C. Compositions containing high amounts of thermoplastic resin should be ground at lower temperatures, i.e. below about +20� C.
It is envisioned according to the present invention that a particularly useful grinding process would be any process of grinding that includes the removal of ground particles below a predetermined minimum size (to avoid over-grinding), and the retention of particles larger than a predetermined maximum diameter for further grinding.
The resulting powder can be applied to the substrate by any means suitable for achieving an even distribution thereon. In particular, the powder can be applied by any electrostatic spray application apparatus, whereby the charged particles are sprayed onto the oppositely charged substrate. Alternative application techniques include, for example, cloud chamber, fluidized bed, and even in some cases triboelectric coating, and the like. Such techniques are well known in the art and need not be described further.
After the powder has been applied to the substrate, it must be subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature sufficient to melt and cross-link at least a portion thereof. The heat treatment preferably comprises passing the coated substrate into a heated oven wherein the coating is finally baked at a temperature of about 160� C to about 260� C. The temperature used in this step should be higher than the melting point of the powder, which melting point is easily determined experimentally.
On the other hand, excessively high temperatures have an adverse effect on most properties of the primer coating. The duration of the heating step is easily determined by one skilled in the art, using known suitable methods.
After cooling of the primer coating, the top coating composition is applied thereon and subjected to a suitable second heat treatment which should however not exceed about 260� C.
Although the coating compositions of the invention are particularly adapted as primers for PVdF-based powder topcoatings, they may also be used in combination with other powder topcoatings or even with liquid (i.e. solvent-based) topcoatings.
In order to further illustrate the invention, the following examples are given which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In all the following examples, all values are in percentages by weight, except where otherwise stated, and the following definitions apply:
Dicyandiamide designates a commercially available dicyandiamide-type curing agent sold under the name EPIKURE 107 FF by SHELL OIL COMPANY.
Solid epoxy resin E designates a commercially available epoxide resin, preferably manufactured from bisphenol A and epichlorhydrin, having an epoxy molar mass (weight per epoxide equivalent) of about 775 g and a melting point of about 65� C. (sold under the name EPIKOTE 3003 by SHELL OIL COMPANY; similar products are available from other manufacturers).
Leveling agent M designates MODAFLOW POWDER III sold by MONSANTO CORP. Master batches were prepared by one of the following two procedures (a) or (b) to contain 70 wt % (as verified by a determination of the epoxy number) of solid epoxy resin E and 30 wt % of either a PVdF-compatible resin C or, for comparative purposes only, a non-compatible resin Z.
a) Melting the two resins together while mbdng them, cooling the mixture and granulating the resulting solid. The following master batches were prepared according to this procedure:
Master batch A containing as resin C a commercially available thermoplastic methylmethacrylate polymer sold under the name PARALOID A-21 by ROHM AND HAAS and having a Tg of 105� C.
Master batch B containing as resin C a commercially available thermoplastic copolymer of methyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate sold under the name PARALOID B-44 by ROHM AND HAAS and having a Tg of 60� C.
b) Extruding the two resins together. The following master batches were prepared by this procedure:
Master batch K containing as resin C a commercially available thermoplastic vinylidene fluoride polymer having a melting temperature (according to ASTM D 3418) of 165-170� C. and a melt viscosity (according to ASTM D 3835) of about 700 Pa.s, sold under the name KYNAR 710 by PENNWALT CORPORATION. The extrusion was carried out in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder having a screw diameter of 28 mm and a length/diameter ratio of 30, operated at 50 rpm and giving an output of about 1 kg/h. The temperature profile during extrusion of this master batch was 20/20/20/70/180/200/200� C., the last temperature being the die temperature.
Master batch L containing as resin Z a commercially available thermoplastic ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer (m.p. 105-108� C.) sold under the name LEVASINT S 31 by BAYER. The extrusion was carried out in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder having a screw diameter of 28 mm and a length/diameter ratio of 30, operated at 50 rpm and giving an output of about 1 kg/h. The temperature profile during extrusion of this master batch was 20/20/50/120/120/120/110 C, care being taken not to exceed 50 C in the third zone.
Master batch P containing PARALOID B-44 (hereinabove described) as resin C. The extrusion was carried out in a single screw extruder having a screw diameter of 45 mm and a length/diameter ratio of 30, operated at 70 rpm and giving an output of about 9 kg/h. The temperature profile was 20/130/150/150/160/130� C.
Grinding. application and topcoating
The pelletized primer compositions were ground in a RETSCH laboratory grinding unit before passing through a 0.12 mm sieve. The resulting powders were applied by an electrostatic spray process on a 2mm thick chromated aluminum plate, heated 10 minutes at 180 C (object temperature) to give a 50 um primer coating and topcoated by a 50 um PVdF-based powder coating as described in Example 1 of Ep-A-259290.
Testing Procedure for evaluation of the filiform corrosion resistance
During a period of 12 weeks (2000 hours), the test material which had been scratched vertically through the coating to the bare metal (according to ASTM D1654), was placed in a controlled environment where temperature and relative humidity were varied independently. Corrosive conditions were made more aggressive by introducing an intermittent salt spray, alternating with acidification of the climate by a continuous dosage of sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas at a concentration of about 100 ppm based on the following 24 hour cycle:
1 hour at 30� C. and 96% relative humidity
1 hour salt spraying at 30� C. with a 5% w/w NaCl solution
3 hours at 30� C. and 96% relative humidity
1 hour salt spraying at 30� C. with a 5% w/w NaCI solution
1 hour at 30� C. and 96% relative humidity
14 hours at 30� C. and 80% relative humidity
3 hours at 70� C. and 40% relative humidity.
At the end of the 12 week period, the test panels were evaluated for creepage from the scratches (scribe).
Primer paints containing 8 wt % of PVdF-compatible resin were prepared by extruding and granulating the following ingredients:
______________________________________ Ex. 1 Ex. 2______________________________________Solid epoxide resin E 52.45 52.45Dicyandiamide 3.75 3.75Master batch B 26.7 --Master batch P -- 26.7Leveling agent M 0.8 0.8Titanium dioxide 16.3 16.3 100.0 100.0______________________________________
The properties of the coating systems were determined to be almost identical and equal to:
1) Reverse impact resistance according to ASTM D 2794 or ECCA-T5: 4 N.m (Ex. 1) and 3 N.m (Ex 2)
2) Adherence: Gt 0, according to ISO 2409 (optimum value on a scale from 0 to 4)
3) Filiform corrosion: After 2000 hours, less than 0.5 mm along 5% of the scratch
A primer paint was prepared with the following composition:
71.15 p.b.w. (percentage by weight) of solid epoxy resin E
8.0 p.b.w. of PARALOID B-44
0.8 p.b.w. of leveling agent M
163 p.b.w. of titanium dioxide
3.75 p.b.w. of dicyandiamide
The preparation method used consisted in first mixing all powdered ingredients, except dicyandiamide, in a Herfelt mixer (dry mixing at room temperature). The resulting mixture was then extruded with the dicyandiamide in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder having a screw diameter of 28 mm and a length/diameter ratio of 30, operated at 50 rpm and giving an output of about 1 kg/h. The temperature profile during extrusion was 20/95/95/95/95/90/100� C., the latter temperature being the die temperature and the dicyandiamide being injected along the screws at the beginning of the 90� C. zone so that its residence time was less than one minute.
The properties of the coating system were determined to be:
1) Reverse impact resistance--2 N.m
2) Adherence--Gt O
Primer paints were prepared by extruding the following ingredients according to the procedure of Example 3:
______________________________________ Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7______________________________________Solid epoxy resin E 75.9 69.2 59.7 50.2(% by weight)PARALOID B-44 3.0 10.0 20.0 30.0Leveling agent M 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8Titanium dioxide 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3Dicyandiamide 4.0 3.7 3.2 2.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0______________________________________
The coating system of Example 4 contains less than the desired amount of resin C and shows very bad intercoat (between the primer and the PVdF-topcoat) adhesion. The properties of the coating of Example 5 are similar to those of Example 3. The pellets of Examples 6 and 7, containing more than the desired amount of resin C, were cryogenically ground (according to a procedure similar to that described in Example 1 of EP-A-259290); and after spraying on an aluminum panel and heating as before, the resulting coating systems showed a low flexibility (<a N.m) but had good intercoat adhesion.
A primer paint was prepared by extruding and granulating the following ingredients:
52.45 p.b.w. of solid epoxy resin E
3.75 p.b.w. of Epikure 108 FF (dicyandiamide-type curing agent)
26.7 pb.w. of master batch P
0.8 p.b.w. of leveling agent M
16.8 p.b.w. of titanium dioxide
The coating system had the same properties as in Example 2 except the reverse impact resistance which was about 2.5 N.m.
A primer was prepared by extruding and granulating the following ingredients:
16.4 pb.w. of solid epoxy resin E
39.5 p.b.w. of a carboxy-functional polyester resin (sold under the name GRILESTA P 7205 by EMS Chemie) as curing agent
33.0 p.b.w. of master batch B
0.8 p.b.w. of leveling agent M
163 p.b.w. titanium dioxide
The coating system showed a good intercoat adhesion, withstood a reverse impact of 1.5 N.m but its filiform corrosion resistance was slightly lower than that observed in Examples 1 and 2. This example shows that other curing agents can be used for the epoxy resin.
Primer paints were prepared by extruding and granulating the following ingredients:
______________________________________ Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12______________________________________Solid epoxy resin E 52.45 52.45 52.45Dicyandiamide 3.75 3.75 3.75Master batch A 26.7 -- --Master batch K -- 26.7 --Master batch L -- -- 26.7Leveling agent M 0.8 0.8 0.8Titanium dioxide 16.3 16.3 16.3 100.0 100.0 100.0______________________________________
The primers of Examples 10 and 11 showed excellent intercoat adhesion with the PVdF topcoat; these coating systems withstood a reverse impact of 2 N.m. The primer coating of Example 11 had however a bad appearance before application of the PVDF topcoat. The coating system of Comparative Example 12 utilizing a non-compatible resin Z in the master coating system of Comparative Example 12 utilizing a non-compatible resin Z in the master batch, had strong mechanical properties (reverse impact : 3 N.m) but showed very poor intercoat adhesion between the primer and the PVDF topcoat.
A primer paint was prepared by extruding and granulating the following ingredients:
______________________________________34.17p.b.w. of a hydroxy-functional polyester (hydroxyl content of about1.5%, sold under the name CRELAN U 502 by BAYER)17.23p.b.w. of a polyfunctional cycloaliphatic diisocyanate adductblocked with epsilon-caprolactam sold under the name CRELANU 12 by BAYER and having a NCO content of about 10.5%25. p.b.w. of a master batch prepared by melting together 70 wt %of CRELAN U 502 and 30 wt % of PARALOID B-44 0.8 p.b.w.of leveling agent M22.8 p.b.w. of titanium dioxide100.0______________________________________
The coating system showed good intercoat adhesion, withstood a reverse impact of about 1 N.m but had a bad filiform corrosion resistance. This sample shows that a primer paint can also be formulated from other thermosetting binders than of the epoxy type: in this example an isocyanate-cured polyester was used instead of dicyandiamide-cured epoxy resin used in the previous Examples. However, the anti-corrosive properties were not entirely satisfactory.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 16, 1971
|Nov 6, 1973
|Ford Motor Co
|Self-crosslinking powder containing carboxy and epoxy groups admixed with a flow control agent
|Jan 6, 1972
|Jun 25, 1974
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Vinyl halide polymer/epoxide resin powder coating compositions
|Dec 13, 1978
|Dec 18, 1979
|Pennwalt Corporation
|Synergistic primer for fluoropolymer coatings
|Aug 27, 1987
|Sep 13, 1988
|Labofina, S.A.
|PVdF-based powder coatings
|Jul 27, 1988
|Nov 7, 1989
|Ppg Industries, Inc.
|Fluoropolymer based coating composition for adhesion direct to glass
|Detroit Society for Paint Technology, "Powder Coating: Why-How-When," Journal of Paint Technology, vol. 44, No. 565, Feb., 1972, pp. 30-37.
|Detroit Society for Paint Technology, Powder Coating: Why How When, Journal of Paint Technology, vol. 44, No. 565, Feb., 1972, pp. 30 37.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 2, 2000
|Feb 11, 2003
|Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc.
|Exterior-durable multi-layer composite coating compositions
|Dec 1, 2009
|Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc.
|Methods for preparing fluoropolymer powder coatings
|Oct 16, 2002
|Dec 15, 2005
|Seiji Kashiwada
|Metal object-coating method and primer composition used in the same
|Feb 24, 2005
|Aug 24, 2006
|Ambrose Ronald R
|Methods for preparing fluoropolymer powder coatings
|U.S. Classification
|525/108, 525/119, 428/416, 525/121, 525/111, 523/459, 525/125, 525/123, 525/113
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 31, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 21, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 3, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Sep 25, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070803


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In This Section
Journal Forum
A Meta-Analysis of High Resolution Audio Perceptual Evaluation - June 2016
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Synthetic Reverberator - January 1960
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Sound Board: High-Resolution Audio - October 2015
4 comments
AES E-Library
Empirical Determination of Sound Isolation Requirements for Recording Studio Isolation Booths
Minimum acceptable sound isolation was subjectively determined using three types of amplified music (drums, guitar, bass) as sound sources in a room with adjustable sound transmission loss to the adjacent studio. Thresholds of acceptability were noted for the various source types. The music sound source was replaced with pink noise to determine acceptable one-third-octave band sound isolation.
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Health Care
Wal-Mart Expanding Generic Drug Program
Wal-Mart has announced it's expanding a plan to charge $4 for some generic drugs to stores throughout the state, after testing it in Tampa. Company officials say they expect to take the program national next year.
STEVE INSKEEP, host:
On Fridays, the business report focuses on your money. And if you live in Florida you might be spending less of it.
Wal-Mart just announced it is expanding a plan to charge four dollars for some generic drugs to stores throughout the state. They've already tested this in Tampa. Company officials say they expect to take this national next year.
This is the latest healthcare move by the company, which has been stung by criticism about its own employee health coverage. Still, it's forced Target to say it would match the four dollar price.
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I am a Senior User Experience Designer with 7+ years experience working at the award winning Manchester agency mN.
I believe people should be able to use products without thought.
I am a Senior User Experience Designer with 7+ years experience working at the award winning Manchester agency mN.
I believe people should be able to use products without thought.
centre:mk is one of the largest shopping centres in the UK. Based in a Grade II listed building in the centre of Milton Keynes, the centre contains over two hundred stores with anchor tenants such as John Lewis and M&S
Lead User Experience Architect
Work closely with internal stakeholders and external agencies to create a strategy for the future of digital at centre:mk, exploring the digital offering from car parking and in centre navigation to the current consumer facing site
We delivered a comprehensive digital strategy using the SOSTAC framework. The strategy provided prioritised digital objectives, culminating in roadmap for the future of digital at centre:mk.
The work we carried out included:
*image credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dcmaster/
Croda are the name behind the high performance ingredients and technologies in some of the biggest, most successful brands in the world: creating, making and selling speciality chemicals. The company have 3,600+ employees working across 18 manufacturing sites and in offices in over 30 countries.
Lead User Experience Architect
We delivered a digital strategy with recommendations and a roadmap for the future of digital at Croda. The work we carried out included:
*image credit - University of Michigan School of Natural Resources
Sketching is an important tool in the design process. It takes you away from the screen and gives you the opportunity to design quickly and effectively. In order to make the process smoother there are a few steps you can follow.
The first rule of finding out what people want: Don't ask what people want.
― David Travis, The 7 deadly sins of user research
It is futile to do with more things that which can be done with fewer
William of Ockham, Summa Totius Logicae, i. 12
Don't ignore edge cases, this is where your product breaks
Sara Wachter-Boettcher, Content for Kindness, NUX4
Sometimes you don't need a brilliant idea, or even be a first-mover, to start a successful business. You just need to get off your ruminating ass and just do it. This is a lesson especially applicable to those locked down by the golden handcuffs of a cushy job and a steady paycheck.
Jeffery To, April 28 2010, It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice.
Authority is about influencing behaviour through credibility. People are more likely to take action if the message comes from a credible and authoritative source. That's why you'll hear people name dropping and it's also what drives retweets on Twitter.
We all look to guidance and direction. Experiences should communicate confidence and assurance. In an uncertain or new space the presence of an authority figure will reassure people.
Demonstrate the knowledge and experience a business has in it's area of expertise to build confidence and reassure people. Consider demonstrating authority through showing social activity, people tend to follow the behaviour patterns of people like them.
Hillary's have led the way in window dressings for more than 40 years. With a turnover of 150 Million and over 1000 advisors covering Great Britain they fit everything from blinds to carpets. However, Hillary's existing digital platform had been designed for a desktop market, with a half way house small screen solution in place.
Lead User Experience Architect
In 'The importance of empathy in design part 1' I discussed why it's so important to consider empathy when it comes to designing.
But while it's all very well preaching about empathy, what can you do to actually embed it into your process?


text:
PRO Research
Sohu.com Looks Fully Valued
Paulo Santos • 31 Comments
Paulo Santos • 31 Comments
Sohu: Look For A 30% Pop In This Name
David Ristau
David Ristau
What To Do About Sohu
Fusion Research
Fusion Research
Sohu.com Looks Fully Valued
Paulo Santos • 31 Comments
Paulo Santos • 31 Comments
Apr. 24, 2014, 4:50 PM
- Baidu (BIDU) expects Q2 revenue of RMB11.82B-RMB-12.11B ($1.901B-$1.948B), above a consensus of RMB11.55B.
- Revenue growth accelerated to 59.1% in Q1 from 50.4% in Q4. Online ad customers fell 1.1% Q/Q to 446K after falling 2.8% in Q4, but revenue per ad customer remained steady Q/Q and rose 44.1% Y/Y to RMB20.9K ($3,362).
- As promised, Baidu continues to invest aggressively: SG&A spend soared 136.9% Y/Y to $323.2M, thanks in large to mobile promotional efforts. R&D spend rose 57.5% to $205.4M.
- Traffic acquisition costs rose to 12.4% of revenue from 12.3% in Q4 and 10.2% a year ago. Content costs (fueled by online video licensing) rose to 4.1% of revenue from 3.8% in Q4 and 1.6% a year ago.
- Up in sympathy: SINA +1.6%. SOHU +1%. QIHU +2.6%. YY +1.1%. WB +1.5%. YOKU +1.7%.
- Q1 results, PR
Mar. 26, 2014, 4:04 PM
- Aided by King's poor debut and general momentum stock weakness, U.S. and Chinese Internet stocks have fallen hard for the second time this week.
- In addition to King rival Zynga and newly-minted VR headset maker Facebook, Twitter (TWTR -7.1%) is among the leading U.S. decliners. Exactly 3 months after reaching a peak of $74.73, shares have fallen below their post-IPO opening price of $45.10. They remain well above their $26 IPO price.
- Other U.S. decliners: P -5.2%. Z -6.2%. TRLA -7%. GSVC -4.8%. SVVC -4.1%.
- Many Chinese Internet stocks have also been hit hard. Sungy Mobile (GOMO -23.2%), which posted a Q4 beat and in-line guidance yesterday afternoon, is the biggest decliner. Others: QIHU -8%. WUBA -9.5%. MOBI -10.6%. QUNR -7.8%. NQ -7%. YOD -7.6%. WBAI -7.5%. SOHU -7%. ATHM -6.5%. SFUN -6.3%.
- Internet/social media ETFs: FDN, PNQI, SOCL
Mar. 3, 2014, 10:51 AM
- Sohu (SOHU +0.1%) COO/co-president Belinda Wang is resigning "for personal reasons," effective March 31. She's expected to stay with the company in a consulting role through year's end. No successor has been named. (PR)
- Sohu notes Wang helped develop new ad/business concepts, and also presided over the company's mobile product development. A source tells BrightWire other Sohu execs will now be responsible for the company's ad sales and website.
- Separately, Marbridge Consulting reports Sohu is planning to spin off real estate site Focus.cn and auto news site Auto.sohu.com via IPOs. Marbridge reported last week Sohu and Tencent have talked about merging their video ops.
- Gaming unit Chanyou (CYOU +4.7%), spun off by Sohu in a 2009 IPO, is rallying today.
Feb. 28, 2014, 2:16 PM
- Over the last 48 hours, Baidu, Dangdang, Youku, and 58.com have all posted Q4 beats and provided strong Q1 guidance. The numbers are giving a lift to a slew of Chinese Internet stocks.
- Notable gainers: SOHU +6.5%. PWRD +13.2%. VIPS +4.3%. YY +2.2%. RENN +3.8%. GOMO +5.5%.
- In Sohu's case, the rumor mill might also be helping out. A source tells Marbridge Consulting Sohu CEO Charles Zhang and Tencent (TCEHY +1.2%) CEO Pony Ma have talked about merging their companies' online video units. Both Sohu and Tencent trail market leaders Youku and Baidu in China's burgeoning online video market.
- Dangdang (DANG +8.6%) is adding to yesterday's big post-earnings gains after Oppenheimer hiked its PT to $15. The firm likes Dangdang's improved efficiency and partnerships with e-commerce rivals (inc. Alibaba's Tmall), and the fact mobile accounted for 13% of Q4 orders.
Feb. 24, 2014, 10:04 AM| Feb. 24, 2014, 10:04 AM
Feb. 18, 2014, 4:03 PM
- On a good day for many tech momentum plays, solar and Chinese Internet stocks led the way.
- Solar names could be benefiting from Chinese government remarks suggesting Beijing remains open to trade talks to end its ongoing solar import dispute with the U.S. The comments come after the ITC added Chinese solar panels made with Taiwanese cells to its list of Chinese panels covered by import duties.
- Also: SunEdison (SUNE +6.6%) has filed for an IPO for its solar project business, a move that could entice other companies with major solar project ops to do the same.
- Solar gainers: FSLR +6.9%. SCTY +8%. JASO +12.6%. DQ +9.2%. CSUN +8.1%. YGE +5.5%. JKS +5.3%.
- Chinese Web gainers: CTRP +11.5%. CCIH +16.8%. RENN +11%. YOKU +6.1%. QIHU +6.9%. WUBA +10.6%. WBAI +7.9%. GOMO +9.1%. SOHU +5.6%.
- Solar ETFs: KWT, TAN
Feb. 11, 2014, 9:49 AM
- Alcatel-Lucent (ALU -3.7%) has been cut to Equal Weight by Morgan Stanley four days after rallying in response to its Q4 report.
- CenturyLink (CTL +2.2%) has been upgraded to Outperform by Macquarie ahead of tomorrow's Q4 report.
- Sohu (SOHU -4.8%) has been cut to Underweight by Morgan Stanley a day after the company and subsidiary Changyou posted mixed Q4 results and offered weak Q1 guidance.
- Finisar (FNSR +3.9%) has been upgraded to Buy by Jefferies. Rivals JDS Uniphase and Oclaro have delivered market-pleasing earnings reports in recent weeks.
- Allscripts (MDRX +2.3%) has been upgraded to Buy by Maxim. Q4 results are due on Feb. 20.
- Xilinx (XLNX +1.6%) has been started at Buy by MKM.
Feb. 10, 2014, 10:25 AM
- For the second straight quarter (previous), Sohu (SOHU -3.6%) and subsidiary Changyou (CYOU -12.5%) are falling after posting mixed results and issuing light guidance.
- Sohu expects Q1 revenue of $355M-$367M and EPS of -$1.10 to -$1.20, below a consensus of $378.6M and breakeven. Changyou expects Q1 revenue of $174M-$180M and EPS of -$0.30 to -$0.42, below a consensus of $198.8M and $1.00.
- Along with its Q4 report, Changyou has announced CFO Alex Ho is leaving to "start his own business." Finance director Erin Sheng will serve as interim CFO while the game developer searches for a permanent replacement.
- Changyou, responsible for over half of Sohu's Q4 revenue, attributes its guidance to a revenue drop for flagship title TLBB, seasonal ad weakness, and bigger marketing and personnel investments. Changyou also says it's implementing an employee profit-sharing plan tied to specific projects.
- Though its revenue rose 9% Y/Y, Changyou's monthly active accounts fell 19% Q/Q and 34% Y/Y to 25M, thanks to declining accounts for TLBB and DDTank. Platform channel accounts rose 51% Q/Q and 93% Y/Y to 149M.
- Changyou's opex soared 82% Q/Q and 156% Y/Y. Gross margin was 82%, -200 bps Q/Q and Y/Y.
- Sohu's Sogou search revenue rose 23% Q/Q and 72% Y/Y to $70M. Brand ad sales fell 1% Q/Q but rose 50% Y/Y to $123M.
- Sohu's opex rose 78% Y/Y, well above rev. growth of 29%. Gross margin fell 200 bps Q/Q and 500 bps Y/Y to 64%.
- Q4 results: Sohu, Changyou. PRs: Sohu, Changyou.
Feb. 10, 2014, 9:11 AM
Feb. 10, 2014, 5:50 AM
- Sohu.com Inc. (SOHU): Q4 EPS of $0.12 beats by $0.48.
- Revenue of $385M (+28.6% Y/Y) misses by $1.75M.
Feb. 10, 2014, 12:05 AM
Feb. 9, 2014, 5:30 PM
Jan. 27, 2014, 12:44 PM
- U.S. and Chinese Internet stocks are adding to last week's big losses, as investors continue taking profits following major 2013 gains. Chinese stocks were hit last week by an emerging markets selloff, weak PMI data, and an SEC ban (pending appeal) on audits from the Chinese units of big-4 U.S. accounting firms.
- Twitter (TWTR -8.2%), the company bears are most likely to point to when arguing a new Internet stock bubble has formed, is headlining the U.S. decliners. Shares are still up 25% from their post-IPO opening trade of $45.10.
- Other U.S. decliners: GOOG -3.1%. FB -2.9%. YELP -5.3%. Z -5.1%. LNKD -4.3%. P -3.2%. ANGI -4.1%. ZNGA -3.1%. GRPN -3.1%.
- Chinese decliners: BIDU -2.9%. CCIH -19%. BITA -14.6%. CTRP -7.4%. NQ -7.9%. LONG -9.4%. DANG -7.3%. SOHU -4.3%. GOMO -5.8%. SINA -3.3%. QUNR -7.7%. SFUN -5.4%. WBAI -7.5%. RENN -5%.
- Internet/social media ETFs: FDN, PNQI, SOCL
Jan. 23, 2014, 9:59 AM
- SEC administrative law judge Cameron Elliot has barred the Chinese units of the Big-4 accounting firms - KPMG, Deloitte, PwC, and Ernst & Young - from auditing U.S.-listed companies for six months.
- Elliot declares the accounting firms "willfully" chose to withhold audit work papers from U.S. regulators for Chinese companies being investigated for accounted fraud. The firms have been worried about violating Chinese privacy laws by turning over the papers, and have argued the dispute needs to be resolved politically.
- Though the firms plan to appeal and say they can continue serving Chinese clients for now, shares of Chinese Web and solar names aren't handling the news well. Soft Chinese PMI data could be worsening matters.
- Chinese Web decliners: BIDU -2.5%. SOHU -3.2%. DANG -8.9%. SFUN -8.5%. PWRD -8.5%. QUNR -7.1%. LITB -6.5%. YY -6.1%. WUBA -6%. BITA -5.4%. EJ -5.9%. SINA -4.6%. LITB -6.5%. CTRP -5.4%. NQ -7.1%.
- Chinese solar decliners: TSL -8.7%. JASO -6.9%. SOL -6.3%. JKS -5.6%. CSIQ -5.4%. DQ -4.6%. YGE -5.6%. CSUN -6.2%. HSOL -7.8%.
- Qihoo (QIHU -4.6%) has joined the selloff in spite of a BrightWire report stating Alibaba (ABABA) has reached a deal to acquire a stake in the company. Marbridge Consulting reported two weeks ago Qihoo and Alibaba were in talks about a possible investment.
Jan. 2, 2014, 10:44 AM
- Saturday Night Live (CMCSA) has made its debut on Chinese video site Sohu.com (SOHU +0.5%).
- The development marks another important step in attempting to spur more Chinese audiences to watch content through legitimate channels, instead of through piracy.
- What to watch: If significant progress is continued to be made in China with copyright protection and government interference is held in check, the market for broadcasters (DIS, AMCX, VIAB, FOXA, CBS) could explode as younger viewers in China lap up quality U.S.-produced shows.
- "It's fashionable to be a fan of American culture -- they [Chinese viewers] feel dignified, a person with class," notes Sohu.com CEO Charles Zhang on the trend.
Dec. 10, 2013, 12:49 PM
- Pac Crest (Outperform) says its Chinese checks indicate Baidu's (BIDU +3.9%) Q4 trends are stable, at the company's growth rate can match that of the Chinese search market going forward.
- Though shares have risen sharply this year thanks to improved ad monetization (particularly on mobile) and a general rally in Chinese Internet stocks, concerns about search share losses to Qihoo (QIHU +1.4%) and (to a lesser extent) Sohu's (SOHU +2%) Sogou unit have persisted.
- Research firm CNZZ estimates Baidu had a 61.7% Chinese search share in October, down from 73.5% a year earlier. Over the same time, Qihoo's share surged to 21.4% from 9.8%, and Sogou's rose to 10.5% from 7.5%.
Company Description
Sohu.com, Inc. engages in the online media, search, gaming, community, and mobile services. It operates through the following segments: Brand Advertising, Sogou (which mainly consists of the search and others business), Changyou (which mainly consists of the online game business), Mobile and... More
Sector: Technology
Industry: Internet Information Providers
Country: United States
Other News & PR
See More »


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Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Long Road Home
Make me a lovesick fool
In the light of day
Let sorrow drift away
Make me a lovesick fool
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Features of This Trackbasic rock song structures
r & b influences
gospel influences
repetitive melodic phrasing
mixed acoustic and electric instrumentation
major key tonality
a dynamic female vocalist
prominent percussion
upbeat lyrics
vocal harmonies
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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Double Fine announced Leap-compatible Dropchord
Double Fine has announced a new rhythm action game called Dropchord. IGN reports the title will be available on iOS and PC, and the latter will be compatible with the Leap Motion Controller, allowing for Kinect-like controls. Dropchord is due later this year and will be on show at SxSW and PAX East, at the Leap booth.
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The home of high impact reviews from across the chemical sciences.
Impact Factor 34.09 24 Issues per Year Indexed in Medline
Critical Review
Organopalladium(IV) chemistry
Corresponding authors
Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010,39, 712-733
Received 03 Dec 2008, First published online 02 Sep 2009
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Wilber, NEUSA
Hometown: Wilber
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I am concerned with the direction our country is going.
My sister Valerie Pakes.
I have read 5000 Year Leap, Atlas Shrugged, Arguing with Idiots, Crash Proof:2.0 and Culture of Corruption. I have been concerned about the corruption for years, but felt like a fish in the ocean. Keep reading and learning. Knowledge is priceless!
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Research Article
Movement disorders in Rett syndrome: An analysis of 60 patients with detected MECP2 mutation and correlation with mutation type
Version of Record online: 30 MAY 2008
DOI: 10.1002/mds.22115
Copyright © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Movement Disorders
Volume 23, Issue 10, pages 1384–1390, 30 July 2008
Additional Information
How to Cite
Temudo, T., Ramos, E., Dias, K., Barbot, C., Vieira, J. P., Moreira, A., Calado, E., Carrilho, I., Oliveira, G., Levy, A., Fonseca, M., Cabral, A., Cabral, P., Monteiro, J. P., Borges, L., Gomes, R., Santos, M., Sequeiros, J. and Maciel, P. (2008), Movement disorders in Rett syndrome: An analysis of 60 patients with detected MECP2 mutation and correlation with mutation type. Mov. Disord., 23: 1384–1390. doi: 10.1002/mds.22115
Publication History
- Issue online: 29 JUL 2008
- Version of Record online: 30 MAY 2008
- Manuscript Accepted: 5 APR 2008
- Manuscript Revised: 3 APR 2008
- Manuscript Received: 16 JAN 2008
- Rett syndrome;
- Parkinson;
- rigidity;
- dystonia;
- chorea;
- tremor;
- stereotypies
Rett syndrome (RS) is one of the best human models to study movement disorders. Patients evolve from a hyperkinetic to a hypokinetic state, and a large series of abnormal movements may be observed along their lives such as stereotypies, tremor, chorea, myoclonus, ataxia, dystonia, and rigidity. The aim of this work was to analyze movement disorders in RS patients with a detected MECP2 mutation, as well as their correlation with genotype, in a clinically and genetically well-characterized sample of patients, and thus contribute to redefine the clinical profile of this disease. In this study, we included 60 patients with detected MECP2 mutations. These were categorized and grouped for analysis, according to (1) type of change (missense or truncating, including nonsense and frameshift but also large deletions) and (2) location of the mutation. Differences were found concerning the frequency of independent gait, dystonia, type of tremor, and global score severity when comparing the group of patients with missense and truncating mutations. We also found differences in the presence, distribution, severity, or type of movement disorders in the two groups of patients according to the median duration of the disease (less than 60 months; 60 months or more). We conclude that movement disorders seem to reflect the severity and rate of progression of Rett disorder, patients with truncating mutations presenting a higher rate and more severe dystonia and rigid-akinetic syndrome, when comparing groups with similar time of disease evolution. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society


text:
Sony CMT-V75 dock, radio and CD player pictures and hands-onPocket-lint
In the latest of a seemingly endless line of 30-pin products, we thought we'd get down and dirty with Sony's 2012 offering in the shape of the licence plate impersonating Sony CMT-V758BTiP.
The most important thing to notice about this shelf-side audio solution is that it's not, in fact, a dock. Of course, it is a dock but - as any self-respecting member of a Sony Store will tell you - it's also so much more. It's a CD player and an FM/DAB/DAB+ radio too. It'll also support Android music streaming over Bluetooth if you're not an iOS household.
The Magnetic Fluid speakers mean that the speakers are damperless and so should create a more efficient, thinner, speaker that's less prone to distortion. In reality, what it equates to is some reasonable sound given the shape and very thin profile of the device. Don't expect luxurious bass because you're not going to get it. The bottom end of the sound is better than you'd think to look at the V75 but there's a definite compromise for style.
The alternative to the just under £200 asking price is its baby brother, known as the V10. Closer to the £100 mark, the V10 is smaller and promises less on the sound front but, given that the V75 doesn't exactly excel in that area anyway, it's not such a bad trade off. What you get in return - apart from more money in your pocket - is the addition of a USB slot on the top of the device as well as the kind of sliding CD tray experience that you used to measure tape decks by in the Eighties.
Both the V10 and V75 are out in the coming weeks, look awfully good and seem to be the typically quality units that you'd expect from Sony. Yours to buy in the coming weeks.
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Plex now lets you play music on any Sonos device from the Sonos app
Audio-Technica ATH-MSR7NC headphones review: Make some noise
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