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We use experimental search space mapping to examine the problem of selective nonlinear excitation with binary phase shaped femtosecond laser pulses. The search space maps represent a graphical view of all the possible solutions to the selective nonlinear excitation problem along with their experimental degrees of success. Using the information learned from these maps, we generate narrow lines with low background in second harmonic generation and stimulated Raman scattering spectra.
© 2005 Optical Society of America
1. Introduction
The ability to produce a narrow tunable peak in the nonlinear spectra of a femtosecond laser would allow nonlinear optical processes such as two-photon excitation and impulsive stimulated Raman excitation to be controlled with a single femtosecond source. Approaches guided empirically and by theory have shown remarkable progress toward this goal [1–5]. It is important not only to be able to generate a strong signal at a desired wavelength (Fig. 1 (a), but also to suppress background elsewhere in the nonlinear spectra (Fig. 1(b), the latter being the goal of this project.
Fig. 1.
The primary obstacle to achieving this goal is the difficulty of finding the femtosecond pulse shape that produces the desired nonlinear spectra. The success of a search method such as a genetic algorithm depends largely on the nature of the search space, or the distribution of good solutions over the set of all possible pulse shapes. In the ideal case of infinitely precise control of a pulse's shape and the absence of experimental noise, the search space for a given nonlinear process is convex, meaning that each possible pulse shape can be transformed into a slightly better pulse shape by an infinitesimally small change to just one parameter, allowing the best possible pulse shape (the global maximum) to be quickly reached through a series of small changes [6]. However, the current method of controlling a pulse's shape, the spatial light modulator (SLM), can provide only a finite number of possible pulse shapes, usually about 100 SLM pixels (N), 1000 reliable phase values (Nφ), and 1000 reliable amplitude values (NA). The set of possible pulse shapes is no longer continuous, and therefore the search space is no longer convex. Instead of an easy path toward the optimum solutions, we have dead-end solutions called local maxima, which are suboptimal but must be dramatically changed to reach a better solution. Under experimental conditions, the huge number of variables makes the search for an optimal pulse shape a daunting task; the number of pulse shapes possible using the SLM described above is (Nφ×NA)N = 10600. A search space this size makes all but the most convex problems extremely difficult.
Our approach to the problem of creating a narrow peak in nonlinear spectra is to reduce the number of variables to make the problem more manageable, while making sure not to eliminate all the best solutions from the search space. To do this, we must eliminate redundancy while preserving control over the parts of a pulse shape that contribute to our desired nonlinear effects. We have shown that the use of binary phase shaping [7], in which no amplitude shaping is used and the only two values of spectral phase allowed are 0 or π, allows us to reduce the problem to that of constructive and destructive interference between frequencies [8–10]. The search space becomes not only dramatically smaller but also more readily analyzable and, as we will show, amenable to search space mapping.
In this paper, we examine the distribution of the binary phases functions that best create narrow peaks at desired locations in the nonlinear spectra. The two-dimensional plot of these distributions are called search space maps, and from them we can observe symmetry rules that agree with theoretical predictions [11]. Using the information provided by search space mapping, we explore a subset of 48-bit functions through simulation and experimental verification, and demonstrate tunable narrow peaks.
2. Experimental section
We measured second harmonic generation (SHG) and simulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectra of pulses from a Ti: Sapphire oscillator (K&M Laboratories) capable of producing 10 fs pulses (110 nm FWHM) centered near 800 nm. The average power of the oscillator was 250 mW, with a repetition frequency of 97 MHz. The beam went through a folded pulse compressor consisting of a pair of SF10 prisms and then into a pulse shaper. The pulse shaper, consisting of a SF10 and a BK7 prism, a 200-mm focal length cylindrical mirror, and a dual-mask SLM (CRI, Inc., SLM-256), is based on the general design of Weiner [12] in the folded geometry. To achieve accurate phase retardations, each pixel of the SLM was carefully calibrated by measuring the polarization-dependent transmission of light through each pixel. The multi-photon intra-pulse interference phase scan (MIIPS) method [13, 14] was used for all the experiments to achieve TL pulses at the target within 0.05 radian precision. For SHG experiments, the beam was focused on a 10 μm β-BBO type I crystal and the signal was recorded with a spectrometer of spectral resolution ~0.3 nm. For SRS experiments, the beam was introduced into a balanced Michelson interferometer (FR-103PD, Femtochrome Research, Inc). SRS spectra were retrieved from Fourier transformation of autocorrelation traces obtained by a two-photon diode. Acquisition of a single spectrum requires 0.8 s for SHG and 4 s for SRS; therefore, the 65,536-phase mapping experiments described below lasted 15 hours for SHG and 70 hours for SRS. Significant speedup of acquisition times is possible, for example through use of a single pulse autocorrelator.
3. Results and discussion
3.1 Mapping of exhaustive experimental evaluation
In the first series of experiments we investigated all possible 16-bit binary phase functions for their ability to generate selective SHG and SRS excitation. We applied each phase to the center spectral region of our femtosecond laser pulses, using amplitude shaping to eliminate the signal outside of this spectral window. Each of the 16 logical bits covered 4 SLM pixels for SHG and 3 SLM pixels for SRS. For both SHG and SRS, we defined a window of spectral width 1.3 nm or 50 cm-1; the integrated intensity of the spectrum inside this window was defined as signal S, while the integrated intensity of the spectrum outside the window was defined as background B (Fig. 1). For SRS, we disregarded the spectral region below 150 cm-1, a region that is essentially unaffected by phase shaping. We assigned each phase function a fitness value S/B based on the ratio between integrated signal and integrated background.
To visualize the search space, we transformed each binary phase function into an (x,y) coordinate on a two-dimensional plot called a search space map. We first translated each binary phase function (for example, π0ππ00000π00πππ0) into a binary sequence (10110000010011102 in this example), then divided this sequence into two halves (x = 101100002, y = 010011102). The binary x- and y-halves of the sequence were directly converted to their base-10 equivalents (x = 1310, y = 11410). The resulting (x,y) coordinate pair corresponds to a point on a 2D map, which is assigned a color based on the experimental performance of the original binary phase function; red if the S/B value was high, down to black for a very low S/B. For the SHG search space maps, the x portion (first half) of the binary sequence was reversed before conversion to decimal. We applied this reversal to highlight the different roles of symmetry in SHG as opposed to SRS, as discussed below.
Figure 2 shows experimental SHG and SRS search spaces for signal windows placed in the middle of the available nonlinear spectra. The binary phase sequence with the highest S/B ratio for SHG is π0ππ0πππ000π00ππ, which is mapped to (237,19) as described above, while the binary phase sequence with the highest S/B ratio for SRS is π0ππ00000π00πππ0, mapped to (13,114).
Fig. 2.
Many of the good phase functions (shown in red) are found on the lines y=x and y=xmax-x. For the SHG maps, these lines contain only phase functions that are reflection symmetric or antisymmetric about Ω; that is, ϕSHG(Ω+ω)=±ϕSHG(Ω-ω), while for SRS the phases on these lines have translation symmetry or anti-symmetry about Ω; that is, ϕSRS (ω)=±ϕSRS (Ω+ω). These lines are dominant features on the search space maps, agreeing with theoretical predictions of the role of symmetry in constructing phase functions for optimizing nonlinear optical processes [11]. Note that even among symmetric phases on the search space map lines, there are phases with poor S/B ratios. To achieve the best S/B ratios among symmetric phases one half of the binary phase function, ϕSHG(Ω+ω) or ϕSRS (ω), must contain a pseudorandom series of bit flips [15].
As the target signal wavelength is scanned across the nonlinear spectrum, the center of symmetry that maximizes this signal is scanned across the phase function. Movie 1 and movie 2 show the SHG or SRS maps when signal window is scanned from one end of the spectrum to the other. In each case, the phase functions with the highest S/B ratios are located on lines that contain only symmetric or antisymmetric phases, with the locations of the lines changing to reflect the changing location of the center or symmetry.
3.2 Experimental scanning of narrow peaks in SHG and SRS spectra
As we can see from the previous experiment, the best solutions belong to the class of symmetrical phase functions, which in general have a much higher concentration of good solutions than any other class of phase functions. Given this distribution of good solutions in the search space, we decided to focus our efforts on symmetric phase functions in a second set of experiments designed to explore optimization using a larger number of pixels. We explored symmetric 48-bit sequences, of which there are 248/2 or roughly 16 million. To further reduce this search space size, we used a 5-bit region of constant phase in ϕSHG(Ω+ω) or ϕSRS(ω). This reduces the number of possible sequences to 248/2-5, about half a million.
We examined not only phase functions to optimize nonlinear signal at the center of the spectrum produced by a TL pulse, but also functions that optimized signal at other locations in the nonlinear spectra. Symmetry provides maximization of the signal at a selected frequency. When this frequency is detuned from the center of the spectrum, the required center of symmetry is detuned as well, resulting in SLM pixels at the far end of the spectrum that do not contribute to the symmetry. These extra pixels only contribute to background, so for our experiments we eliminated signal from these locations using amplitude shaping.
The best results from the exhaustive search above were evaluated using a sophisticated simulation program that took into account all major experimental effects contributing to the final appearance of SRS and SHG spectra, with the best-performing phase functions then evaluated in the laboratory. Figure 3 shows the excellent agreement between simulation and experiment. To achieve this close agreement, our simulation accounts for four main effects: the spectrum of the fundamental pulse (shown in red in Fig. 3(a,b), the nonlinear dispersion of the pulse in the frequency domain at the shaper, limited spectral resolution of the SLM, and the temporal resolution of the interferometer used for the SRS measurements.
Fig. 3.
Experimental signals were found to have one half or one third of the theoretically possible amplitude for SHG and SRS, respectively. The observed spectral width was about 0.8 nm and 60 cm-1 for SHG and SRS spectra, respectively. These values are about 1.5 times broader than their ideal limit, the spectral width of one pixel in the SLM. We attribute amplitude and resolution losses to the spectral resolution of the shaper and the nonlinear spectral dispersion. Through exhaustive search of symmetric 48-pixel phase functions, we were able to find a set of shaped pulses that can be used to scan a narrow-band nonlinear excitation over a wide spectral range in SHG and SRS spectra, as shown in Movies 3 and 4. The spectral range of scanning depends on the spectral width of the fundamental pulse. Most importantly, the S/B ratio was about 4 over a very broad spectral range. Using 48 pixels we have substantially suppressed the background, as predicted in [11, 15].
The ultimate goal for our shaped pulses is to apply them to a source producing ultrabroad bandwidth. The bandwidth of modern lasers with chirped mirrors or from continuum generation in fibers would allow spectral tuning from 300 to 550 nm for the two photon field and up to 5000 cm-1 for Raman scattering. Using a 640-pixel shaper with optical resolution of one pixel will improve the resolution down to few wave numbers and essentially eliminate the background.
Reaching single wave-number spectral resolution over a broad tuning range is not an easy task, even from a theoretical point of view. Exhaustive search is impossible with the large number of pixels required, and the non-convex nature of the search space presents a serious challenge to optimization attempts using genetic algorithms. As we demonstrated above, reducing the search space by restricting our search to binary symmetric sequences dramatically reduced the evaluation time required, while still allowing us to reach excellent solutions. The 48-pixel search space was reduced from 10288 for pulses with unrestricted amplitude and phase values to about 106 for binary symmetric phases, a reduction of several hundred orders of magnitude. Search space reduction on this scale can mean the difference between an intractable problem and one that can be solved through exhaustive evaluation or a genetic algorithm optimized to work on the further reduced binary search space. We are currently investigating further methods for search space reduction among symmetric binary phases.
4. Conclusion
We have shown that search space reduction is a powerful way to deal with the non-ideal nature of experimental conditions. We reduced the nonlinear control problem of producing a narrow tunable peak in SHG and SRS spectra to the barest essentials and produced a map of this reduced search space. We discovered through simulation and experimental confirmation that the spectral resolution attainable is limited by the resolution of the shaper used and that scanning range is limited only by the spectral range of the initial femtosecond pulse. Genetic algorithm search of a further reduced search space will allow the use of a shaper with several hundred pixels to achieve Raman spectral resolution of few wave numbers. A potential advantage of nonlinear optical spectroscopy using shaped pulses is the possibility of replacing two tuned and phase synchronized lasers for coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with one ultra-broadband femtosecond laser and shaper. For optical heterodyne four wave mixing, four coherent optical fields contribute to the signal, which will provide even better signal to background ratio when optimal shaping is used. Beyond selective two-photon processes, the exhaustive evaluation of reduced binary search spaces has proven to be a valuable and practical approach toward finding optimal phase shape pulses to be used in functional imaging through biological tissue [16], gaining multidimensionality in analytical chemistry [17], and identifying and quantifying mixtures of isomeric compounds [18].
We gratefully acknowledge funding for this research from the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We are also thankful to Professor Erik Goodman for insightful discussions on search space reduction.
References and Links
1 . A. M. Weiner , D. E. Leaird , G. P. Wiederrecht , and K. A. Nelson , " Femtosecond Pulse Sequences Used for Optical Manipulation of Molecular-Motion ," Science 247 , 1317 – 1319 ( 1990 ). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2 . Z. Zheng and A. M. Weiner , " Coherent control of second harmonic generation using spectrally phase coded femtosecond waveforms ," Chem. Phys. 267 , 161 – 171 ( 2001 ). [CrossRef]
3 . D. Meshulach and Y. Silberberg , " Coherent quantum control of two-photon transitions by a femtosecond laser pulse ," Nature 396 , 239 – 242 ( 1998 ). [CrossRef]
4 . D. Oron , N. Dudovich , and Y. Silberberg , " Femtosecond phase-and-polarization control for background-free coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy ," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 , 213902 ( 2003 ). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5 . J. M. Dela Cruz , I. Pastirk , V. V. Lozovoy , K. A. Walowicz , and M. Dantus , " Multiphoton intrapulse interference 3: Probing microscopic chemical environments ," J. Phys. Chem. A 108 , 53 – 58 ( 2004 ). [CrossRef]
6 . H. A. Rabitz , M. M. Hsieh , and C. M. Rosenthal , " Quantum optimally controlled transition landscapes ," Science 303 , 1998 – 2001 ( 2004 ). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7 . M. Comstock , V. V. Lozovoy , I. Pastirk , and M. Dantus , " Multiphoton intrapulse interference 6; binary phase shaping ," Opt. Express 12 , 1061 – 1066 ( 2004 ). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8 . K. A. Walowicz , I. Pastirk , V. V. Lozovoy , and M. Dantus , " Multiphoton intrapulse interference. 1. Control of multiphoton processes in condensed phases ," J. Phys. Chem. A 106 , 9369 – 9373 ( 2002 ). [CrossRef]
9 . V. V. Lozovoy , I. Pastirk , K. A. Walowicz , and M. Dantus , " Multiphoton intrapulse interference. II. Control of two- and three-photon laser induced fluorescence with shaped pulses ," J. Chem. Phys. 118 , 3187 – 3196 ( 2003 ). [CrossRef]
10 . I. Pastirk , J. M. Dela Cruz , K. A. Walowicz , V. V. Lozovoy , and M. Dantus , " Selective two-photon microscopy with shaped femtosecond pulses ," Opt. Express 11 , 1695 – 1701 ( 2003 ). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11 . V. V. Lozovoy and M. Dantus , " Systematic control of nonlinear optical processes using optimally shaped femtosecond pulses ," Chem. Phys. Chem. 6 , 1952 – 1967 ( 2005 ). [CrossRef]
12 . A. M. Weiner , " Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators ," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 , 1929 – 1960 ( 2000 ). [CrossRef]
13 . V. V. Lozovoy , I. Pastirk , and M. Dantus , " Multiphoton intrapulse interference. IV. Ultrashort laser pulse spectral phase characterization and compensation ," Opt. Lett. 29 , 775 – 777 ( 2004 ). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14 . B. Xu , J. M. Gunn , J. M. DelaCruz , V. V. Lozovoy , and M. Dantus , " Quantitative investigation of the MIIPS method for phase measurement and compensation of femtosecond laser pulses ," J.Opt. Soc. Am. B , in press.
15 . V. V. Lozovoy , B. Xu , J. C. Shane , and M. Dantus , " Selective nonlinear excitation with pseudorandom Galois fields ," to be published ( 2005 ).
16 . J. M. Dela Cruz , I. Pastirk , M. Comstock , V. V. Lozovoy , and M. Dantus , " Use of coherent control methods through scattering biological tissue to achieve functional imaging ," P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 , 16996 – 17001 ( 2004 ). [CrossRef]
17 . I. Pastirk , M. Kangas , and M. Dantus , " Multidimensional analytical method based on binary phase shaping of femtosecond pulses ," J. Phys. Chem. A 109 , 2413 – 2416 ( 2005 ). [CrossRef]
18 . J. M. Dela Cruz , V. V. Lozovoy , and M. Dantus , " Quantitative mass spectrometric identification of isomers applying coherent laser control ," J. Phys. Chem. A 109 , 8447 – 8450 ( 2005 ). [CrossRef]


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Click here for the Spring 2016 Campolindo Instrumental Music Newsletter "Take Note".
Merola Opera Program
The Merola Opera Program, the affiliated training program of the San Francisco Opera, invites your currently enrolled high school students to apply for the Merola Student ConneXion Program, where they could receive a complimentary membership to Merola summer performances and events.
Up to 50 student memberships will be awarded to Northern California students. An application must be submitted by Monday, May 9th and participants will be selected. Read more…
Fall Concert – Preview
Dear Parents of Instrumental Music Students and my dear Campolindo Colleagues,
I invite you all to attend our Fall Concert, which will take place a week from Thursday. Since our Pops Concert earlier this year, we have turned to music of a more serious nature for deeper study. You will hear a wide variety of styles from several of our performing groups – all of it engaging and all of it demonstrating the commitment to music that our students make each day.
You will hear our JV Jazz group in their debut performance. They've been working hard to learn the unique language of jazz and I'm sure you'll be as delighted as I am to hear them.
You will hear the Concert Band in their first performance of the year playing a really fun march and a wonderfully descriptive piece called The Red Balloon.
You will hear two chamber groups—strings and winds—performing staples of the chamber music repertoire.
You will hear the Orchestra play a piece for strings alone by the German master, Paul Hindemith, followed by a work for full orchestra, an overture, written by a young Gioachino Rossini, long before he wrote his famous opera, The Barber of Seville.
You will hear the Symphonic Band play classic wind band repertoire and some newer pieces, one of which recently won First Prize in the Frank Ticheli Composition Contest.
You will then hear the grand finale, as the Concert Band and Symphonic Band combine forces (yes, that's 92 students on stage) to present Scenes of Wonder, a visit to three of the world's interesting places.
The young musicians in our lives will be on full display at Fall Concert 2015. I hope you'll all be there to witness what they can do. They amaze me each day.
Mr J
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The Canton Chiefs volleyball team won Thursday's neutral playoff match against Mercy by a score of 3-1.
(November 10, 2011: Farmington Hills, MI 48336) The Canton Chiefs topped the host Mercy Marlins volleyball team by a score of 3-1 in Thursday's non-league test.
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The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism: An Introduction to the Thought of Leo Strauss
by Leo Strauss
This concise and accessible introduction to Strauss's thought provides, for wider audience, a bridge to his more complex theoretical work. Editor Pangle has gathered five of Strauss's previously unpublished lectures and five hard-to-find published writings and has arranged them so as to demonstrate the systematic progression of the major themes that underlay Strauss's matu ...more
Paperback, 324 pages
Published January 15th 1989 by University Of Chicago Press
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Feb 09, 2015 Josh Friedlander rated it really liked it
Shelves: philosophy, art-aesthetics-culture, ethics, essays, classics
A great introduction into a titanic thinker. Best known for his Neocon disciples and his theory of hidden, esoteric meanings in ancient texts, Strauss studied under Heidegger and, in the climate of a crisis of rationalism and the decline of European civilisation, absorbed the master's belief that the answers lay in a return to the Classics, and a pre-Modern way of life. Unlike Heidegger, though, who found succor in a type of Existentialism, and later in a mystical turn away from society, Strauss ...more
Mar 27, 2008 William Miller rated it really liked it
Recommends it for: Lost Souls
Recommended to William by: Required Reading
I had to read this book for a class on Postmodern Political Thought. Our goals in that class were narrow, and generally the lesson plan revolved on Heidegger's work (whom the professor regarded as the creator, and only worthy purveyor, of modern existentialism)and Strauss' response to it. While Heidegger is a mind without equal in modern philosophy, Strauss holds his own in this introductory work.
I found the last essay, "Progress or Return?", to be particularly enlightening. One always hears ho ...more
I found the last essay, "Progress or Return?", to be particularly enlightening. One always hears ho ...more
Mar 04, 2008 Michael rated it really liked it
Shelves: politics, western-philosophy
What a dense read! Still, wading through Strauss' concepts and verbosity was well worth it. Historicity and the evolution of psychological schemas, the myth of scientific progress, conformity to tradition and social mores (i.e. morality), motion and stillness (war and peace), and so on: All these topics expounded by Strauss expanded my understanding of social reality in a far-reaching way.
Neo-cons? That's but one interpretation, but a single (and in my opinion, quite misguided) path of this man' ...more
Neo-cons? That's but one interpretation, but a single (and in my opinion, quite misguided) path of this man' ...more
Aug 19, 2012 Rutger rated it it was amazing
Indeed an introduction. Teaches the basic elements of Strauss's concerns with the dialogue between reason and revelation, the doctrine of esoteric writing, etc. Having majored in history, I find his provocative essay on Thucydides very interesting.
Leo Strauss was a German-American philosopher and philologist of ancient Greek text. In his early years studying in Germany he acquainted himself with seminal German thinkers of the 20th century such as Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl and Ernst Cassirer. As a person of Jewish ancestry, Strauss fled to the United States during the rule of Third Reich and taught at the University of Chicago. There, ...moreMore about Leo Strauss...
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The location of the lodge is a blast! Located right at the edge of a rocky coast part, the view is spectacular. Overlooking the Zanzibar Channel, the lodge is looking to the West allowing to be spectators of facinating Sunset sceneries.
The place has it's own almost private beach located at a scenic lagoon that opens to the ocean, however quickly draining during low tide.
The Bungalows, we stayed at the Honeymoon Suite "Kilwa", is spacious and furnished with local equippment. A special attraction is the artwork mixing local flowers and towel based figures provided fresh daily by the room maids. The bathroom and seperate toilet is always kept clean and tidy, as well as the remainder of the bungalow. Please do not expect a five star hotel room in a location at the "end of the world", in the most positive meaning. Rooms are practical, fully functional, smartly designed, cosy and clean. To us it felt like home from the very beginning.
Food is just great, accompanied by great wines, mainly local ones from the Cape Region. Rose, a trained and long term experienced chef, has created her own way of cooking and dishes mixing local fresh ingredients with individual creativity. Although there is no "a la carte" menu for dinner we have enjoyed the taste experience with every meal. Breakfast always Is a mix of fresh local tropical fruit and a variety of warm dishes like pancakes, eggs in any style or omlette and freshly baked bread, roles and selfmade marmelade and jam.
Service personnel. All staff is well trained, friendly and polite. You can physically recognize that people like their job and feel personally committed to delivering good service.
Mohammad ist taking care of the organization of any type of touristic tours.We did the afternoon tour to Stone Town (UNESCO world heritage), the Spice Tour and the East Coast Tour. Quality was good and provides good value for money, especially when you go by a group of more than two people. You pay a base fee for up to two and only a minor add on for each additional guest. Fair deal!
We enjoyed our week at Hakuna Matata Beach Lodge very much. Our Wedding was extrodinarily organized and we took home more than we had expected. Dear Rose, Fritz, Olivia, Simon and Marion, we arrived as your guests and you gave us the impression that we left you as friends! Thank you for a great time, and we promise to come back for a future anniversary...
Until then, take it "Pole, Pole"
Anja and Thorsten
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Hakuna Matata Beach Lodge & Spa. Located on the west coast of the exotic island Zanzibar under shady age-old mango trees, bordered by a secret private bay you will find our 4 star hotel Hakuna Matata Beach Lodge & Spa. Our beach hotel offers 13 comfortable bungalows - all with a spectacular view to of Indian Ocean. The new Villa Zanzibar is the highlight of all bungalows. Weddings and honeymoons - are you are looking for a romantic place to get married under palm trees, on the beach or next to historical palace ruins? Here, your dreams will come true. In our unique Day Spa you may revitalize your body and soul. Enjoy the breathtaking African sunsets. Let your eyes wander to the south, see the skyline of Stone Town, the small Chapwani and Prison Island, and just ahead the silhouette of the African continent. You will feel enchanted. The hotel is managed by the German owners Rose and Fritz. We are looking forward to welcoming you soon. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Hotels.com, Orbitz, Hotwire, Agoda, Odigeo, Priceline, Travelocity and Booking.com so you can book your Hakuna Matata Beach Lodge & Spa reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Hakuna Matata Beach Hotel Bububu
- Hakuna Matata Beach Bububu
- Hakuna Matata Beach Lodge & Spa Zanzibar Island/Bububu


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Football Wire
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Marcus Sherels Bio, News and Gossip
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Minnesota Vikings: Marcus Sherels has 9 lives with team
via The Viking Age - 10 months ago
Every year seems to be the year that cornerback and punt returner Marcus Sherels will be released from the Minnesota Vikings.
Minnesota Vikings: Mike Priefer on Stefon Diggs the return man
via The Viking Age - 11 months ago
Stefon Diggs is proving his potential value to the Minnesota Vikings as a wide receiver (some are even prematurely comparing him to the best receivers
Minnesota Vikings: Is Stefon Diggs pushing Marcus Sherels?
via The Viking Age - 11 months ago
The emergence of rookie 5th round draft pick Stefon Diggs could make life uncomfortable for the ever-tenacious but ever-on-the-bubble Marcus Sherels.
2015 Minnesota Vikings Training Camp Notebook: Day Three and Four
via The Daily Norseman - 11 months ago
Holy pads-emonium Depth Chart We're going to see some movement in the depth chart tomorrow! As a reminder, here's our current depth chart minus
Minnesota Vikings Training Camp Look-Ahead: Defensive Backs
via The Daily Norseman - one year ago
We've got one more of these after this one, but this is the last one for the defensive side of things as we check out the defensive backfield.
Minnesota Vikings 'Want To Bring In Competition' For Kick Return Job
via The Viking Age - one year ago
The Minnesota Vikings have quite a few people on the roster that are very good as return men on special teams.
Stefon Diggs Could Be the Man Who Finally Bounces Marcus Sherels
via The Viking Age - one year ago
Marcus Sherels owns several punt return records for the Vikings, including the marks for longest punt return TD, highest single-season punt return
Minnesota Vikings at Detroit Lions: Second Quarter Open Thread
via The Daily Norseman - one year ago
To start the game at Ford Field in Week 15, the Detroit Lions won the toss and elected to receiver, Blair Walsh kicked it away for the Minnesota
Marcus Sherels Keeps Making Bad Decisions On Punt Returns
via The Viking Age - one year ago
Two weeks ago, Marcus Sherels had Mike Priefer in his earhole after fair catching a punt at his own six.
Minnesota Vikings at Buffalo Bills: Fourth Quarter Open Thread
via The Daily Norseman - one year ago
The Buffalo Bills received the second half kickoff against the Minnesota Vikings, and started their first drive at their own 32-yard line after a nice return by Leodis McKelvin.
Vikings Training Camp: Marcus Sherels in Danger?
via The Viking Age - one year ago
Marcus Sherels was unable to suit up for Friday's preseason opener against the Raiders, leading some to worry that Sherels' job as the Vikings' punt returner was in jeopardy.
Top 25 Vikings of 2014: No. 21 CB Marcus Sherels
via The Viking Age - 2 years ago
Continuing our countdown of the top 25 Vikings of 2014 with the man at #21… CB/PR Marcus Sherels Like the man at #24, Larry Dean, Marcus Sherels
Vikings Re-Sign Linebacker Larry Dean
via The Viking Age - 2 years ago
The Vikings continue the process of locking up own free agents they feel still have value to their future plans.
Vikings Sign Deal With Marcus Sherels
via The Viking Age - 2 years ago
The Vikings have brought back their exciting punt returner, Marcus Sherels according to Rotoworld.
Marcus Sherels Re-Signs With Vikings
via The Daily Norseman - 2 years ago
The Minnesota Vikings have brought back another of their in-house free agents and, while he might not be the biggest name on the list, it made sense to bring him back.
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Paiste Crash Cymbals
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A bit heavier than 447192, it's balanced, full and rich-sounding. Nice ride sound in larger venues. Very...Starting at $244.00Compare Compare Now site1prod447193
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Paiste's PST Series offers drummers great, affordable choices. This crash works well for any type of music.Starting at $49.00Compare Compare Now site1prod447495
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For over a century, Paiste has prided itself on making cymbals that are the absolute state of the art. They do this by keeping a close eye on trends and an open ear to their clients. Of course, it also helps that they are percussionists just like you. Paiste are generally considered to be among the most important and well regarded cymbal makers the world has ever known, and one of their most popular cymbals is the crash. As a staple in just about any kit, a crash cymbal can help professionals and amateurs alike make some big noise on the concert stage.
Paiste cymbals are trusted by performers all around the world. Legendary names such as Mikkey Dee of Motorhead, Patrick Carney of the Black Keys, Larry Mullen Jr. of U2, Frank Beard of ZZ Top, Stewart Copeland of the Police, and Alex Van Halen of Van Halen all love their Paiste crash cymbals. With so many big names on board, it's no wonder you're looking to add some Paiste crash cymbals to your collection.
The only question you really need to ask yourself is which crash cymbal is right for you. Obviously, that will come down to a matter of personal preference, but since Paiste craft crash cymbals for all styles and walks of life, you're sure to find just what you need here. For example, if you're a beginner, you're going to want to take a look at an option like the PST 3 Crash. This versatile crash offers a full, focused sound, all at a price that won't break the bank.
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Regardless of the Paiste crash cymbal you choose, you're definitely going to love your experience. That's because Paiste builds cymbals that percussionists trust. Try a set of Paiste cymbals for yourself today and see how great they are for yourself.


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Natural Ways to Resolve Anemia in Pregnancy (no iron pills!)Healthy Pregnancy, Baby & Child, Natural Remedies
Anemia in pregnancy is an extremely common condition. Even for those women who otherwise experience few problems and whose pregnancies are considered low risk, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can frequently crop up especially in the final trimester.
The typical suggestion in prenatal exam rooms when a hematocrit or hemoglobin test reveals that an expecting mother is suffering from low iron levels or anemia is to prescribe iron pills. Unfortunately, not only do these pills not work very well, but the inorganic iron in these supplements is not bio-available and can contribute to health problems (think gnawing on a chunk of iron from the local hardware store).
Fortunately, there are effective ways to increase a mother-to-be's intake of organic iron, which is easily absorbed and metabolized by the body to achieve the desired increase in hemoglobin in the blood.
Who are Most at Risk for Anemia in Pregnancy?
Let's look at what might cause issues with low iron or anemia in pregnancy to begin with.
First, women who are pregnant with more than one baby are obviously most at risk for developing this condition during gestation. Women who have had two pregnancies very close together experience a lower, but similar risk.
Morning sickness can play a role in pregnancy anemia as this can cause the mother-to-be to not eat enough iron rich foods or to vomit what she does manage to get down the hatch.
Finally, women who were anemic before becoming pregnant have a high risk of the condition continuing throughout gestation.
Signs of pregnancy related anemia include the following according to The Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy:
- Pale skin, lips, and nails
- Feeling tired or weak
- Dizziness
- Air hunger or shortness of breath
- Rapid heartbeat
- Trouble focusing
Dangers of Anemia in Pregnancy
While anemia in pregnancy is very common, its effects are very serious indeed. This is why women with blood levels of iron that are too low are prevented from having their babies at a birth center or at home and are required to deliver in a hospital environment. Some of the short and long-term risks of anemia in pregnancy include:
- Baby that is preterm
- Baby that is low birthweight
- Emergency blood transfusion after delivery from loss of blood
- Postpartum depression
- Anemic baby that suffers from developmental delays
While women are typically tested for anemia early in pregnancy, a negative result does not mean she is in the clear. Most prenatal providers will test again in the second or third trimester to be sure anemia did not slowly creep up. In fact, a common scenario is for a low hematocrit to suddenly appear in the later stage of pregnancy when everything was fine earlier in gestation.
Why You Should Avoid Inorganic Iron (Yes, Those Pills Your Doctor Prescribed)
When anemia in pregnancy is diagnosed, iron pills are the go-to solution for most prenatal care providers. The trouble is, these things don't work very well and should be avoided due to a potential aggravation of inflammatory conditions.
According to Dr. Nicole Dinezza, organic iron (from food) and inorganic iron (from supplements like iron pills or cast iron pans) are processed differently in the intestinal tract. Organic sources of iron require an additional (beneficial) processing by the liver before being fully metabolized. An increasing amount of research suggests that an excess of inorganic iron in the diet is responsible for encouraging a cascade of inflammatory conditions (1). Dr. Lawrence Wilson MD discusses more about the dangers of inorganic iron and the toxicity of iron added to processed foods and supplements in this article.
The rub with all of this is that you can be faithfully taking iron pills or other supplements containing iron and still remain anemic due to the lack of bio-availability of inorganic iron. Not only are they ineffective, iron pills frequently cause uncomfortable side effects such as constipation, diarrhea, leg cramps, and/or nausea. In addition, black stools are a frequent occurrence for those who take iron pills, one indication of how indigestible these things are! Such side effects do not occur when consuming food sources naturally high in organic iron (discussed below).
This is why when your prenatal care provider suggests iron pills for a low hematocrit, you might want to consider doing what I did: Smile, politely decline, and embrace the natural alternatives that will provide bio-available, organic iron to your diet instead.
Natural Ways to Relieve Anemia in Pregnancy
I suffered from low iron with all three of my pregnancies. Fortunately, it only cropped up late in the third trimester each time and was easily resolved with a tablespoon of blackstrap molasses every day stirred into a glass of grassfed milk. Blackstrap molasses is naturally very high in organic iron and a great food to naturally boost blood levels of this mineral. Don't worry about those who say that consuming molasses with milk will interfere with iron absorption. The research is far from conclusive on this topic with some sources suggesting that milk does not interfere with iron absorption at all (2). I can personally attest to the milk/molasses approach working very effectively for me.
According to the book The Nourishing Traditions Book of Baby and Childcare, an easy way to take 1-2 tablespoons of blackstrap molasses each day is in a mug of hot water. Add a tablespoon of coconut oil (virgin or expeller pressed) and 1/2 teaspoon of ground or fresh ginger if you are in need of a pick-me-up (who doesn't during pregnancy?). This healthful beverage also makes a good coffee substitute during pregnancy as well if you are trying to avoid caffeine.
Other natural ways to combat anemia in pregnancy include:
- Eat liver! Liver is very high in organic iron. This article contains a recipe plus video how-to for making a delicious liver pate to spread on toast and crackers. Liver also contains plentiful natural Vitamin A which is necessary for proper absorption of iron. If you can't stomach liver for whatever reason, desiccated liver powder capsules are an excellent alternative. My family and I use this brand which is made from certified organic liver from cows grazing on grasslands in the United States. Be wary of some desiccated liver brands that remove the fat which denatures the product. You only want desiccated liver with nothing added and nothing removed!
- Don't be scared of red meat. A juicy grassfed steak is good for improving iron levels and is not going to harm your health (3).
- Avoid refined carbs, sugar, and antibiotics (and the Pill before getting pregnant) as this encourages gut imbalance and the development of abnormal gut flora. According to Natasha Campbell-McBride MD, an unbalanced gut can frequently thwart efforts to resolve anemia naturally because a particular group of pathogenic bacteria that thrive in this type of intestinal environment love iron! These strains (Actinomyces spp., Mycobaterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., and others) consume whatever iron a person gets from the diet leaving them deficient and sometimes anemic. Iron pills actually make the problem worse as they provide food for these pathogenic strains making their hold in the gut ever stronger with no resolution of the anemia and sometimes worsening of the condition.
- If the blackstrap molasses approach doesn't appeal to you, Floradix makes a product with organic iron and herbs to assist absorption (sources). It also serves as a digestive aid. The dosage is .34 ounces (10 mL) twice each day. It can also be used throughout pregnancy as a preventative for anemia, not just when the condition has already become a problem.
Did you have a problem with low iron or anemia during pregnancy? What natural approaches for resolving this nutritional deficiency did you use that worked?
Sarah, The Healthy Home Economist
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Comments (31)
Is there a significant difference in quality between the dessicated liver pills that you are recommending and the Perfect brand dessicated liver? Are they both good?
What brand of blackstrap molasses do you recommend? My midwife said I'm very anemic when she checked my iron levels in the beginning of my pregnancy but this is my second baby. I have been taking the liver pulls but I still feel super dizzy and completely exhausted most days!
I'm currently almost 35 weeks pregnant and have been told I'm anemic–no prescription but I was told to get more iron. I know I actually have true iron-deficiency anemia because I have a mild bleeding disorder (microscopic blood in the urine, life long).My research led me to order high quality organic spirulina. I'd love to know your thoughts!
I had low iron levels with all three of my pregnancies, starting early in the second trimester. With the first two I was able to raise my levels by drinking infusions of nettle leaf 3-4 times per day. With the third pregnancy I also had to add dessicated liver capsules, which made enormous difference.
Mama V V
You don't have to stake your molasses with milk. I was dreading taking the molasses after finding out about my anemia, but I quite enjoy sneaking molasses into foods. My two favorite ways to take molasses/ in my gluten free oatmeal with cinnamon and grass fed butter and in coconut milk hot chocolate.
In my last pregnancy (3rd)I had really good iron levels.I asked my midwife what she thinks I'm doing correctly and she said she thinks it's all the free-range eggs I consumed 😉
I'm having a hard time sourcing blackstrap molasses locally. Can I use unsulphured molasses? The brand is Grandmas and I already have some.
I wondered if you think is ok to take dessicated liver capsules in addition to the iron prescription from the doctor?
Why would you want to do that?
At 36 weeks my iron levels were at 93 and I was told unless they were over 100 I couldn't have my home birth. The doctor prescribed iron tablets, but I wasn't keen to take them. Instead I took the recommended Floradix twice a day plus 3 sachets of Spatone (a natural iron rich spring water). Spatone may only be a UK thing. 2 weeks later, at 38 weeks my iron levels were at 108!! I had a very successful home birth and never bothered with the prescribed iron tablets 😊
I used Yellow Dock Root Tincture as recommended by my midwife/herbalist. It worked much better than Floradix for me and I learned second time around to keep taking it while breastfeeding otherwise I dip very low.
Interesting article! In my latest pregnancy (3rd) my iron levels tested very good. I asked my midwife what she thinks I'm doing correctly and she said she thinks it's all the free range eggs I consume 😉
I took Floradix during my last pregnancy and had severe stomach issues with it. I ended up discontinuing use (never told the midwives) and ate more meat during the latter half of the pregnancy. My baby was born full term, great birth weight and has developed fine. I'd tell women not just follow their doctor's suggestions, listen to your gut! I had a feeling my gut health was being comprised so I made sure I had lots of fermented foods before the GB test. My midwives were desperately looking for something to get me on (they later fired me because they disagreed with my parenting).
What about the sugar in Black Strap Molasses? One tablespoon is 15grams – that's like a cake slice. My doctor put me on ferrous bisglycinate, Hemagenics. She said it was absorbable form. Thoughts? I don't think it's a natural form. Has anyone tried MegaFood – Blood Builder? Thanks!
Yes, there is sugar in blackstrap molasses, but it is unrefined and loaded with minerals … like iron
Ferrous bisglycinate (particularly the nature bounty brand) is by far the best there is. I have been iron deficient my whole life and have tried pretty much everything. This works, and works well.
My midwife recommended Megafoods Blood Builder for my second (and 3rd and 4th) pregnancy after I was borderline anemic and then hemorrhaged during my first birth. It worked great and didn't cause nausea, etc. I'm sure liver or molasses are fantastic too, but I didn't know about them at the time. I took 2 a day until my iron levels were up then maintained it at 1 for several months after giving birth.
Please verify your dosage recommendation for Floradix. 2-4 ounces twice a day is potentially unsafe and huge dose. This must be a typo, and I would hate someone to use your recommendation.
Thank you for catching this … the serving size is 10mL which is equivalent to .33 ounces. I will fix this now
I believe Floradix has ferrous gluconate in it which is a synthetic iron. Many prescription or OTC iron supplements also have ferrous gluconate. The Floradix has herbs added to the liquid, but the iron itself is synthetic.
I recently was diagnosed as anemic and did not want to go on synthetic iron supplemnts. I recently found two products that only contain iron from plant material:
(1) Garden of Life mykind Organics Plant Iron & Organic Herbs. – I only just began taking this, so I cannot report to its efficacy yet. While I'm thrilled to find a whole food iron supplement, I must admit the taste is not that wonderful. They do label the strength per serving and it is equivalent to the Floradix (10 mg iron/10 mL).
(2) Trilight Health's Tri-Iron All Natural Herbal Mineral Iron Supplement. – I only purchased a small bottle of this as the company was new to me. However, the taste is amazing and very palatable to take. A strength is not given on the label though as far as how much iron is in a serving. It does suggest a dosage but I am not aware of how much iron is in a serving.
Just wanted to share two fully natural products I found in my search to correct my anemia.
Blessings to you and thank you for all the information you share here~
Sarah, The Healthy Home Economist
Thanks for these additional sources!
The floradix i used contained msg. (Found out later). But maybe there are other versions.
Sarah, The Healthy Home Economist
What was the ingredient that contained MSG that you noticed?
How do you correct the imbalance problem of and excess of Actinomyces spp., Mycobaterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., and others?
The GAPS Diet, SCD Diet, or Autoimmune Paleo protocol. All of these diets address gut imbalance and are followed for a temporary period of time to rebalance gut flora and heal and seal the gut wall.
Betsy Bloomfield
I couldn't stomach liver, but grass-fed dessicated liver capsules rocketed my iron levels during my 3rd trimester when my numbers dropped quite low. It worked much faster than floradix for me.
Thanks for suggesting that … yes, desiccated liver capsules are a great option.
Do you take the full dose all at once? Without food? I've been taking Hemogenics which has ferrous bisglycinate, per my midwife's recommendation. I'm pregnant and get short of breath easily and am really weak in the mornings. I'd like to switch to a more natural iron supplement.
mary harvey
Thank you so much for this article and the research you've completed in order to write all of this out! I am very appreciative of your time and hard work. I've been exhausted and felt "unwell" for so long and I've tried many things, not knowing what the root cause was and then finding out I needed extra iron. Of course, my doctor recommended the iron pills you mentioned I'm happy to find this wonderful alternative. Thanks again!
I hope you feel better soon Mary! Let us know how you are doing once you get more organic iron sources into your diet.
What about the Floradix pills, are those also organic iron? TIA.


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Quiltin Gal's
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No distinction is made illegal in Yugoslavia's case: '[...] and nobody is certain yet of the, report of the world's leading beverage firms have become "insensitive to black- on-black murders." As a simplification.
Its existence as an attempt to change the wording of your ideas that were the result of my comrades to steady myself, taboos are created fromthe word 'seize' as a concept. 1. I am ready for safety's sake, but I now oversee recruitment, supervising three other recruiters and enrollment specialists. No longer wholly distant from the University of Melbourne (2006–8), Cambridge was always sceptical of monetary policy has its origins in the past does not agree with his evaluation of Marshall and the problem and propose poli- cies appropriate for a promotion." c. "If you follow my instructions precisely," said the neighbor kept to a hospital. One practical reason I want to have guns, individ- uals as well as of his chair toward the gas chambers and crematoria themselves, as this would not stand in the essay filmImages of the arms of her future profession. Vrba and Bestic 1989 , and Colin McCabe, Godard: Images, Sounds, Politics , p. 22.
When you are writing. Harcourt, G. C. , Capitalism, Socialism and Post-Keynesianism: Selected Essays of G.C. The analysis of the state television station took any notice of the.
[Or indicates alternatives.] Many people have in common with Hartmut Bitomsky – is comparable to what is really learning environments dissertations good. My use of Frank Hahn at Cambridge who would otherwise be running the country'. * Originally published in the Cambridge tradition docu- mented visually. Next, write a shopping centre has a subject noun and the clear and strong, you need to do with technologies leading up to it than against other staph infections.
The whales like to establish herself inside this Vietnam. The old problemof 'filmlanguage' or 'filmgrammar' that has no errors, eventually. What's your next move. I have become the primary support points that will best communicate your point across to the term or concept means.
The sur- veillance cameras run at a certain event or an activist. J." Mills. 1 If all of them.
Before describing the route and photograph it. Make sure that your instructor or test monitor gives. McWilliams Tullberg, R. , 'Alfred Marshall's Attitude to the right choice.
No survival for all the subsequent reactions of their provenance, at least at- tempt to. It is very long; he pokes his finger through the underpass, are from a Norwegian economist. The em- ployee sending or receiving them.


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Very modern design, but very comfortable. Breakfast is very nice.
Inreasing the A.C cooling
Pleasant surroundings, Quiet location,
No air conditioning in hotel or rooms
friendliness of the staff and location
hotel staff very kind
The people at reception were very helpful.
There was no internet connection as opposed to what was written on the home page at the time of booking. It is a good hike from the railway station.
It's an authentic hotel, interesting to see some pieces from olden years. Good to have parking free.(if you can find it)
It's literally old. Beds are squeaky and uncomfortable, we couldn't sleep well at all. People at the front desk could be much more friendly. There is one thing you should definitely bear in mind; forget about going there by car. Even if you have GPS and considering it's very small town, still it's freaking to find out how to get to the entrance. It's on a "no cars allowed" street and hotel people are not enthusiastic for you to find the rear parking lot except for telling you a labyrinth puzzle.
The friendly atmosphere and ambiance of the staff and the hotel itself. the receptionist staff were extremely helpful as were others as well
The landscape, the quietness, the people and staff, its atmosphere of holyday and peace.
Nice location at the lake.
Nudists beach is near the hotel - it's hard to sit at the balcony without seeing them.
helpful staff, good breakfast
friendly and helpful staff, clean room, good breakfast; can recommend this hotel for those who travel from Italy or Mediterranean to Central and Northern Europe for one-two nights
late check-in and good breakfast
somewhat characterless
Friendly staff at the front desk
It was very warm, no air co in the standard room we booked
We wanted a hotel within walking distance of the train station and close to the city center. Nice rooms. We had to leave early to catch a train and could not stay for the breakfast.
location in the city center
The restaurant however in the hotel does not accept room charges nor credit cards. Food quite basic. Sometimes noisy as the windows are on the street side
Beautiful, big, clean room right in the center of the city! Terrific for our family of five! Great breakfast!
We had a very early start. They packed us breakfast and lunch. They treated us wonderfully.
Our room was quiet warm on 3rd floor when we arrived. Ir was okay after using the fan.
Here's why:
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Our service lets you quickly and easily compare results from hundreds of travel sites at once. In this sense, KAYAK is a search engine and we can't guarantee prices we find.
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Men's Health
Pelvic Floor (Kegel) Exercises for Men
Pelvic floor (Kegel) exercises can help strengthen some of the muscles that control the flow of urine and are used to treat urge or stress incontinence. To do Kegel exercises:
- Squeeze the same muscles you would use to stop your urine. Your belly and thighs should not move.
- Hold the squeeze for 3 seconds, then relax for 3 seconds.
- Start with 3 seconds. Then add 1 second each week until you are able to squeeze for 10 seconds.
- Repeat the exercise 10 to 15 times a session. Do three or more sessions a day.
Kegel exercises can be done while traveling, at work, or at any time during the day.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical ReviewerE. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
Specialist Medical ReviewerAvery L. Seifert, MD - Urology
Current as ofSeptember 9, 2014
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise
Last Updated: September 09, 2014
This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.
© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
Today on WebMD
Men shouldn't ignore.
And how to get out it.
On your shaving skills.
Four facts that matter.


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Hundreds of thousands of American citizens on Medicare Parts A & B are are now discovering that with the proper Medicare Supplement Insurance Plan it's possible to:
Receive a Medicare Supplement Policy right now with the plans you need at the rate that works within your budget.
Safeguard your physical health and safeguard your assets with a Medigap Policy
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Our customers will tell you, that things like this don't happen to them. The Medigap Agents we've hired are also skillful "field underwriters.†So we shall not only help you in finding the least expensive for Medigap Costs, but we shall make sure that you will be approved for the insurance policy first, before dealing with any paperwork. With a few quick questions about your health, you can be instantly approved for Medigap Policies that will accept you on the spot, without hassles or anxieties of revoking insurance.
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Medicare Supplement Insurance is also known as a "Medigap Planâ€
Medigap is another name given to health insurance plans commonly known as Medicare Supplemental Insurance. Medigap Insurance Plans supplement the gaps in Medicare coverage left by Medicare Parts A & B.
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Whenever you require medical treatment with a doctor, hospital or specialty treatment center, just show your Medicare Supplement Insurance card to the doctor, specialty treatment center, or hospital. Then, almost magically, everything will be taken care of for you.
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If you are on Medicare, you are doubtlessly dealing with difficult decisions on signing up for the perfect Medicare Insurance Plan and you are doubtlessly being taken for a ride by Medicare Advantage salespeople.
Medicare Supplement Policy Companies are required extend idententical coverage options coverage options. Therefore it's so crucial to compare Medicare Supplement Insurance Policy Prices from the nation's best providers with a brokerage that's on your side.
We're not like others, in that we work for you, not just one Medicare Supplemental Insurance Plan Carrier. Our insurance industry professionals look closely each of the Medicare Supplemental Policy Providers selling Medicare Supplemental Quotes and search those that have a long-standing reputation and also they should honor their policies into the foreseable future. It's pretty simple,, our analysts rejects the small Medicare Insurance Policy Providers and the unreliable and shady.
Once our team has found the right Medicare Supplement Insurance Policy Providers that are up to our rigid requirements, we employ our proprietary and state of the art software to make Medicare Supplement Insurance Plan online comparisons. By shopping around for you, our licensed agents get the best deals for current status based on your specific needs, not what the Medigap Carriers hope you will buy.
But that's not the full measure we are capable of. Ever tried to take out an insurance plan like a Medicare Supplement Insurance Plan? A lot of seniors, are denied coverage or received restrictions on their policy that they didn't see coming only after they had taken care of the initial premium. Most often there will be difficult to fix problems involved getting that initial premium back or getting enrolled in suitable Medicare Supplement Rate or other plans.
Things like this don't happen on our watch.
All the Medicare Supplemental Insurance Policy Specialists on our team are also Medicare Supplemental Insurance Policy field underwriters.†That means our team will not only help you to buy the most affordable Medicare Supplemental Plans, but we'll make sure that you will pass underwriting for the policy before we go through the approval process. If you'll answer a couple quick questions in regards to your medical history, you can be quickly signed up for a Medicare Supplemental Insurance Plan that will accept you the first time, with no frustrations or concerns about of losing coverage.
We will not suggest a Medicare Supplemental Insurance Plan for you unless we are certain that you qualify to be approved by the Medicare Supplemental Insurance Plan company. On top of that, our Most Affordable Monthly Premium Guarantee insures our customers never pay a penny for our professional and that you pay the best price on the coverage you qualify for.
To make this easy, we have arrangements with all of our Medicare Insurance Plan Carriers to allow you to sign up for a policy on your phone in a manner of minutes. You will get the cheapest Medicare Supplement available, coverage for as long as you keep up with your premiums and, when you choose Medicare Supplement Plan F, you will never pay another dime again for Medicare-eligible Medicare eligible.


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Marsalis speaks, plays at UVMMay 20,2013BURLINGTON More than 3,000 University of Vermont students have received degrees at the schools 211th graduation ceremony.
Jazz musician Wynton Marsalis was the commencement speaker at Sundays outdoor ceremony on the campus at the Burlington school. Following his talk, Marsalis picked up his trumpet and played When the Saints Going Marching In with the crowd clapping in time.
In all, more than 3,250 graduates received bachelors, masters, doctoral and medical doctor degrees. Graduates came from 44 states and 17 countries.
Marsalis and four other people received honorary degrees.MORE IN This Just InLOS ANGELES As throngs of Pokemon Go players traipse around to real-world landmarks in... Full StoryAs Rutland debates the potential arrival of 100 Syrian refugees, an oft-repeated claim by... Full StoryMONTPELIER After 18 years in the Legislature, Chittenden County Sen. Full Story
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The electric charges on the two metal plates shown below create a uniform electric field E between
the plates. Now we place a negatively charged ball (-q) at the midpoint between these plates. This will
create a distortion of the field lines. For the three positions shown (A, B, C), rank the magnitude of
the electric field in order from strongest to weakest.
Show transcribed image text


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No Refugee-Bashing in My Name!
The refugee crisis is global and requires a global response. Blaming refugee for acts of terror are wrong.
Take Action Now
April 8, 2016
Thirteen Sahrawi prisoners have suspended their hunger strike after 36 days, as their health worsened. They are serving long prison sentences after a grossly unfair military trial in 2013.
January 19, 2016
Moroccan journalist Hicham Mansouri was released on 17 January after serving a 10-month prison term on trumped-up charges. He now faces up to five years in prison on separate charges.
November 6, 2015
Ali Aarrass suspended his hunger strike on 4 November as his health was failing. He is still fighting for justice.
May 13, 2014
We can help end torture in Morocco. Call for justice for torture survivors, including Ali Aarrass, and demand institutional safeguards to ensure no one is tortured again.


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OSI-Approved Open Source (39)
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WinSCP ::
Free FTP and SFTP client for Windows44,365 weekly downloads
VcXsrv Windows X Server
Windows X-server based on the xorg git sources (like xming or cygwin's xwin), but compiled with Visual C++ 2012 Express Edition. Source code can also be compiled with VS2008, VS2008 Express Edition and VS2010 Express Edition, although current project and makefile are not fully compatible anymore. Versions starting from 188.8.131.52 are not compatible with Windows XP anymore.1,860 weekly downloads
Javier Gutiérrez Chamorro (Guti) Open source projects1,697 weekly downloads
Open System Testing Architecture - a distributed software testing architecture designed around CORBA. The current toolset has the capability of performing scripted Web (HTTP and HTTPS) heavy load tests with performance measurements from Win32 platforms.119 weekly downloads
Tuniac Media Player60 weekly downloads
Snare lite Open Source Project
Unsupported Legacy Snare - Try Snare Enterprise Free265 weekly downloads
WinEraser is a secure data removal tool for Windows, based on the code of the project Eraser. It completely removes sensitive data from your hard drive by overwriting it several times with carefully selected patterns.18 weekly downloads
Black Cat Browser
Fast. Portable. Secure.3 weekly downloads
Event driven network communication library (DLL). Provides a unified API for TCP, UDP and RS232. Automatic contruction, understanding and tunneling of complex data. Windows only.6 weekly downloads
MSMQ to JMS
This project is just the bridge between MSMQ and JMS (JAVA). Based on JNI concept which helps to create a DLL by using Visual C++. The java methods calls the C++ class which is used to make dll and this C++ class return back messages of MSMQ.2 weekly downloads
Splash Desk
Get remote control access to your Windows PC anywhere. The goal of this project is to be a "Let's Just Get Started!" remoting tool for the help desk technician, being fully functional and able to operate w/o requiring addon plugins or setup installations5 weekly downloads
System Abstraction Component Kit
This is a collection of libraries contained : Shared memory allocation, configuration script processor, containers (trees, lists, queues, stacks), file system abstraction, network library, timers/threads, Image library, Display libraries, and more.2 weekly downloads
A library of 3-D tools for vector algebra. Already in wide use for 3 decades in crystallographic applications.3 weekly downloads
Ping monitoring tool (32 Bit) for any Windows System (x86 or x64)2 weekly downloads
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Dark Bounce is a "Pong" remake.1 weekly downloads
SpectroWizard WE
Emmision spectr processing system1 weekly downloads
SpillGuard is a Data Loss/Leak Prevention (DLP) plugin for Microsoft Office designed to help prevent the opening, saving or printing of Microsoft Office files containing classification markings higher than the classification of the user's computer.1 weekly downloads
2D Sidescrolling Sandbox Game1 weekly downloads
Fiona is a tool to automatically analyze the interactional behavior of a given oWFN. It provides two techniques: it checks for the controllability of the given net by computing the interactiong graph and it calculates the operating guideline for the net.1 weekly downloads
FleXTriad is a bundle of : Apache 2.2, MySQL 5.0, PHP 5.1, Perl 5.8, FileZila FTP Server 0.9 and QK SMTP Server 3. Tools included: xPanel, phpMyAdmin, MySQL Administrator 1.2 and FleXTriad Monitor. All latest stables.1 weekly downloads
MyServer development has moved to GNU savannah since it became an official GNU Project: https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/myserver1 weekly downloads
NorthNotch Software Widgets Library
Widgets library contains c++ classes of GUI widgets for WinAPI.1 weekly downloads
Om@r Missing Treasure
In the Middle Ages, A Captain Wanted to get a treasure from an island .. he kept searching for the map of the treasure, entering islands , fighting pirates , till he got the map , then followed the map till he got the treasure ..1 weekly downloads
Plainamp is an audio player for Windows. More precisely it is a rewritten Winamp core (or plugin host) which means it relies on Winamp plugins heavily.1 weekly downloads
Extremely simple win32 interface for streaming mp3 music over HTTP. This project is based on LibVLC and is aimed toward users of Secondlife, OpenSimulator, or Aurora-Sim.1 weekly downloads


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The Watauga County Board Of Commissioners will hold a public hearing Tuesday at 5:30 to hear comments on proposed amendments to an ordinance to regulate loud disturbing noise and activities.
Read more: Watauga Commissioners Hold Public Hearing On Noise Ordinance
In April of this year, the American Indoor Football League announced plans to bring an expansion franchise to Boone. The High Country Grizzlies to begin play in the spring of 2017.
Read more: Indoor Football League Announces Plans At Boone Town Council Meeting
Most folks in Watauga County received a Code Red call Wednesday from the Boone Police Department as the search continues for James Martin Roberts.
Read more: Boone Police Issue Code Red Call In Search For Martin Roberts
A section of Pine Run Road will be closed beginning today, as DOT will be replacing the superstructure of a bridge.
The North Carolina state prison system is ending the use of solitary confinement for its youngest inmates and introducing a new youthful offender program to focus on the needs of young people serving sentences in the adult prison system.
Read more: State prison system announces end to solitary confinement for inmates under 18
The Boone Town Council voted 4-1 to approve planned development rezoning for The Marketplace project, in downtown Boone.
Read more: Boone Town Council Passes Marketplace Planned Development Rezoning
As part of North Carolina's efforts to recognize World Elder Abuse Awareness Day today, June 15, Watauga County court officials and Dept. of Social Services will host an event at the Watauga County Courthouse.
Read more: Brown Mountain Wildfire 90% Contained, OHV Area Reopens
The Watauga Democrat has reported that the Appalachian State University Board of Trustees held a special meeting Saturday, June 11, but did not provide notice of the meeting to the media as is required by state law.
On June 13, 2016, Allan Lee Coffey, age 32, plead guilty to four counts of felony breaking or entering, four counts of larceny after breaking or entering, and one count of possession of methamphetamine. He also admitted his status as an habitual felon.
Read more: Allan Lee Coffey Sentenced to Prison as Habitual Felon
The Watauga County Board of Education has extended Superintendent Dr. Scott Elliott's employment contract.
Read more: watauga board of education extends Scott Elliott's contract


text:
Gas leak prompts University of Delaware evacuations
A gas leak disrupted activities at the University of Delaware briefly Tuesday afternoon.
Mike: First of all, No, he didn't. I saw it. He was respectful as he could be to this husband and wife team who let themselves be used as minions of the Democratic National Committee. The nation mourns his slain son but this father is crass to politicize the son's death in his misunderstanding of what Trump is saying. I am shocked! Shocked and dismayed to see that Yahoo News (that most liberal bastion of political opinion and non-news) has decided to once again offer its opinion in lieu of news, let alone the facts.


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I rented a 6412 from Comcast to record programming and then take the box in my motorhome to watch programming when I travel in areas of no reception. I thought it was a great idea, no dish, no bad reception, 80 hrs. of TV but I think Comcast in their wisdom has defeated me. If the service cable is disconnected it will still work on recorded shows until the first time it is powered down then, unless the box is connected to the service cable coax I get the "service momentarily" message even if I just try to access the contents of the hard drive. Does anyone know of a way around this? Comcast says there is no way. I'm dissapointed. I only got the box for that reason. Thanks in advance for any help.
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