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LONDON Hundreds of British householders can for the first time cook and keep warm with gas that began its long route to their stoves in their bathrooms.
From Tuesday, enough biomethane gas to supply up to 200 homes will be pumped from Didcot sewage works in Oxfordshire into the grid in the first of several human gas recycling projects which could meet 15 percent Britain's domestic needs by 2020, according to National Grid.
"For the first time ever in the UK, people can cook and heat their homes with gas generated from sewage," Energy and Climate Change Secretary Chris Huhne said in a statement.
"This is an historic day for the companies involved, for energy from waste technologies, and for progress to increase the amount of renewable energy in the UK."
In the joint venture between Thames Water, British Gas and Scotia Gas Networks, sewage arrives at the Didcot works from some of Thames Water's 14 million customers and their solids are then warmed-up in vats in a process called anaerobic digestion, where bacteria break down biodegradable material to make biogas.
The whole process from toilet visit to gas being piped back into people's homes takes around 20 days.
As the average person produces about 30 kilos of dried-out sludge, in theory Britain's 62.5 million toilet visitors could generate enough gas to meet the demand of 200,000 homes -- reducing reliance on imported gas.
"The gas that we are transporting from Didcot doesn't arrive from the North Sea or abroad, but instead comes from the very homes we are delivering the gas to," John Morea, Chief Executive of Scotia Gas Networks, said in a statement ahead of a barbecue on Tuesday morning where guests will tuck into biogas bacon butties.
"That's got to be recycling at its very best."
Britain already produces millions of pounds worth of electricity a year by burning biogas in power plants but its home-made involuntary gas suppliers will not get a discount on their bills for their efforts.
(Reporting by Daniel Fineren)
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Augustana is an American rock band from San Diego, California that has released five albums and an EP while being signed to Epic Records and Razor & Tie. They are best known for their song "Boston" and the album All the Stars and Boulevards, both entering the Billboard charts. They are fronted by Dan Layus who currently is the only remaining member of the band
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Trevor Jason Menard (Age: 30)
70560 New Iberia LA
Trevor J Menard, 30, New Iberia, Southwood Dr
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IPAL presents Disneys The Little Mermaid JR. | New Iberia
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PAL lacrosse Week 3 recap | StAugustine.com
Apr 25, 2010 · PAL lacrosse Week 3 recap. Posted: April 25, 2010 ... Logan Miller, John Hutton and Trevor Menard scored for the Green. Keeper Michael Meade had …
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Possible employers are advetising firms. There will be design companies, packaging companies. Graphic Design By: Aman Gill and Trevor ...
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Mary Ann (Mimi Marinich) Menard ... Ryan, and Bobby Menard, Daniel and Michel Vachon, and Trevor Menard. She will be missed by her brother and sisters.
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Cherished Grandma Shawna & Todd Poission, Hollie & Trevor Menard, Jillayne & Dan, Krystie, Sarah and Eric. Great Grandma of Ethan, Shyanne, Emilie and ...
Mildred "Millie" Kennedy Obituary - Windsor, Ontario
Mildred "Millie" Kennedy Obituary Date of Birth: Tuesday, March ... Hollie and Trevor Menard, Jillayne Campbell and Dan Silvaggi, Krystle and Ryan Batel, ...
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Read This
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Girls, if you don't want guys to look, don't put words there.
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A great read.
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If only he could read emo.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 6, 2001
|Filing date
|Apr 8, 1998
|Priority date
|Apr 11, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Thierry Laederich, Hervé Dulphy
|Original Assignee
|Air Liquide Electronics Labeille
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (21), Classifications (18), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §§119 and/or 365 to 97-04499 filed in France on Apr. 11, 1997; the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(i) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for producing high-purity chemicals for the microelectronics industry by dissolving at least one chemical gas in ultrapure water.
(ii) Description of Related Art
In order to produce ultrapure chemicals, such as aqueous ammonia, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, it is known to use, respectively, "industrial"-grade anhydrous ammonia gas, gaseous hydrogen chloride and gaseous hydrogen fluoride and to purify them, in particular to purify them of their metallic impurities by scrubbing over a column packed with a solution saturated with the same gas in high-purity deionized water. A technique of this type is, for example, described in Patent Application WO 96/39265.
The technology described in the aforementioned patent application, which has marked an important step forward for allowing delivery to the integrated-circuit production site of the ultrapure chemicals which allow these ever smaller integrated circuits to be fabricated, still has, however, a certain number of drawbacks when a corresponding system is operated on a customer's site, for example an integrated-circuit fabrication ("wafer fab") plant.
A first problem encountered relates to the dissolving of the gas, which is accomplished, using the technology described in this patent, by injecting it directly into water. This results in a temperature rise and may cause sudden pressure variations due to intense stirring of the liquid. Furthermore, since the gas does not dissolve in the water instantaneously, this generates swirling in the liquid tank, which consequently means that the measurement of the titre of the solution is not always entirely correct.
Another drawback of the process described in this patent is that its operation is not continuous, thereby requiring, when the desired titre or desired concentration is reached, the content of the product container to be transferred to a storage tank (so-called batch process). Furthermore, the use of a heat exchanger as described in this patent application may possibly pose a problem when connecting the heat exchanger in the container for the product formed, in contact with coolant, which may be a source of pollution.
Finally, because of the always limited effectiveness of a mist eliminator placed at the top of a packed column, it is in some cases possible that an aerosol of a solution of the scrubbing liquid with the purified gas can in some situations pass through this mist eliminator, leading to a level of gas purity which may be limited.
The invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks. For this purpose, the process and apparatus according to the invention are essentially characterized by scrubbing the gas, before dissolving it, in at least two scrubbing columns, which are placed in series and preferably provided with packings, as well as by using a packed column in order to dissolve the gas in the water.
The present invention applies more particularly to the production of ultrapure liquid chemicals, such as aqueous ammonia, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, but also to any other chemical of this type which may be obtained initially in gaseous form, preferably from a liquid phase.
Preferably, the starting material is a chemical in liquid but anhydrous form such as, for example, anhydrous ammonia in liquid form (for example at a pressure of about 5 bar and at ambient temperature) so as to be able, by vaporizing the product, to recover a vapour from which a certain number of impurities has already been removed, in a manner already described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,778. Next, in a first step, the gas obtained, generally after vaporizing the chemical stored in liquid form, is first of all scrubbed and then, in a second step, dissolved in deionized ultrapure water.
With regard to the step of scrubbing the gas, any type of surface may be used, such as trays, but it will be preferable to use packings. As in distillation columns, these surfaces have the purpose of increasing liquid/gas contact so as to increase the exchange between the two substances, liquid and gas. The packings which may be used are, for example, Raschig rings, Pall rings, etc. The purpose of these surfaces is to increase the area of contact between liquid and gas and, according to the invention, the purpose is preferably to increase this contact area by a factor equal to or greater than 4. As a general rule, increasing the contact area means increasing the contact area with respect to the lateral area of the unpacked column (since without any packing in a column the contact between liquid and gas essentially takes place on the lateral surface of this column). Thus, increasing the contact area by four means fitting a number of Raschig rings (or any other surface) whose total contact area is equal to three times the lateral area of the column. However, it will be preferred to increase this contact area by a factor of at least 10. In practice, plastic Raschig rings will be used and a plastic resistant to the chemical which it is desired to produce, such as aqueous ammonia, hydrofluoric acid,, hydrochloric acid, etc., will be chosen. Among suitable plastics are, in general, polyolefins and, preferably, polyethylene and/or polypropylene, which are substituted or unsubstituted, as well as their copolymers. Also suitable, in general, are the products sold by the company DuPont de Nemours under the name "PFA" or perfluoroalkoxy, as well as any type of polytetrafluoroethylene, this being optionally substituted, their copolymers, etc., all these materials being suitable when, in contact with the chemicals used, they do not produce residues, in particular residues of the metallic-elements type which are the main elements that it is important to remove from these ultrapure chemicals intended for the semiconductor industry.
In this gas-scrubbing step, and in the subsequent dissolving step, the flow rate of chemical gas to be scrubbed and then diluted is preferably less than 60 m3 per hour and preferably between 30 and 45 m3 per hour while the pressure of this gas will preferably be between about 1 and 3 bar in absolute value (about 0 to 2 bar in relative value).
The minimum packing volume (Raschig or Pall rings) that will preferably be used in all of the 2 or 3 scrubbing columns will be at least 20 liters and preferably at least 40 liters. The flow rate of the scrubbing solution will preferably be at least 5 liters per minute with draining at the bottom of the column collector at about 1 liter per hour.
With regard to the next step, in which the purified gas is dissolved in the deionized ultrapure water, a single column without a mist eliminator will preferably be used, the packing volume being at least one liter, preferably at least 2.5 liters and more preferably at least 4 liters, with a flow rate of dissolving solution, i.e. generally ultrapure deionized water, which is sufficiently high to avoid the column heating up, so as to keep the temperature of this column, in which the gas is dissolved, preferably below 30° C. and more preferably so as to keep the temperature of this column at a temperature close to ambient temperature, i.e. generally between 20° C. and 25° C.
The tank containing the chemical liquid, which at the end of the operation has the desired titre, is generally placed beneath this gas-dissolving column and, in general, the gas is introduced at the base of the column, preventing this gas from coming directly into contact with the chemical liquid in the tank using any suitable means such as, for example, a U-tube, a spiral, etc., while keeping a pressure at the top of the column approximately equal to that above the liquid in the tank so as to prevent the gas from passing through this U-tube or spiral. In this way, the gas follows a forced path towards the top of the column so as to promote liquid/gas exchange and to effect the desired dissolution.
According to a preferred embodiment, the step of purifying the gas before it is dissolved takes place in at least two successive columns, placed in series, the content of the bottom part of the collector of the first column (which receives the gas from the container) being regularly purged, on account of the impurities which accumulate therein, and replaced by the content of the collector of the next column (and so on, if there are several columns), this content having much fewer impurities, because it results from a second scrubbing of the gas. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to avoid loss of gas (as the liquid is already saturated with gas, unlike what would happen if the liquid of the collector were to be replaced by clean water) and, on the other hand, to save time, since the gas is directly purified by an already saturated solution.
The invention will be more clearly understood with the help of the following embodiments given by way of non-limiting example, together with the figures which represent:
FIG. 1, a diagram showing the gas being dissolved in water, using a column;
FIG. 2, a feed loop of the absorption heat exchanger;
FIG. 3, a diagram showing the gas being continuously dissolved in the liquid;
FIG. 4, a diagram showing three-column purification;
FIG. 5, a diagram showing two-column purification;
FIG. 6, an overall diagram of the apparatus with its various functions.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention for preparing in a discontinuous manner (in batch mode) an ultrapure liquid chemical. The purified gas (6) coming from the supply of purified gas, as will be described below, is injected via the line (7) and the nozzle (8) into the column (13) provided with packings (9). The lower part of the column (13) is provided with a line (3) which goes into the liquid (1) held in the container (30) in which this ultrapure chemical liquid is produced, this line (3) continuing via a U-shaped end (4) which rises and terminates at (5) above the level of liquid in a zone (2) of gas, generally ultrapure nitrogen, (the feed method of which has not been shown in the figure). The container (30) also includes a line (16), for supplying ultrapure deionized water, controlled by a valve (17). Inside this container is a heat exchanger (10) which makes it possible to keep the bath temperature substantially constant, preferably between 20 and 25° C. This exchanger is, according to a preferred variant of the invention, a plastic exchanger comprising a primary circuit and secondary circuit of a type similar to the cooling circuits normally used in the nuclear industry. It is shown in FIG. 1 as a coil which is wound around along the internal wall of the container (30) and is fed, on one side, with cold ultrapure water (11) which, after being warmed up, is removed as warmed-up ultrapure water (12). At the lower part of the container (30) there is a line (24) which is used to draw off the ultrapure chemical and to make it flow into the system by means of the pump (25), the line (24) subsequently splitting into two branches, a first branch (29) connected via a valve (23) to the discharge (26) and a branch (20) which includes a valve (22) and then a filter (21), this line (20) also splitting, into three lines, the first (19) to which a flow control valve (52) and a device (18) for measuring the concentration of the titre of the solution are connected, the line (19) returning to the upper part of the container (30) so as to send the excess chemical back into the vessel (30), a second line (15) terminating in a spray head (14), at the top of the column (13), which sprays the purified gas (6) as a countercurrent to the flow in the packings (9) and, finally, a third line (31) connected via the valve (27) to the container (28) for storing the pure product. The deionized water, which is charged with, purified gas in the packings (9), flows out into the line (3) and fills the container (30) via the overflow (5). The purified gas (6), which cannot flow out via this liquid-filled line (3), is therefore forced through the top of the column, thereby promoting liquid/gas exchange in the packings (9). The product is circulated in a closed circuit via the line (20) and then the line (15) by means of the pump (25), some of the liquid product thus formed being tapped off into the line (19) and its concentration (or titre) being measured by a concentration-measuring device (18) so as to compare the measured value with the desired value. When the desired concentration has been obtained, a signal is generated by the device (18) for measuring the concentration to a controller (not shown in the figure) for controlling all the apparatus described in FIG. 1, which stops the circulating pump, the product then being ready to be discharged via the line (24), the line (20) and the line (31) to the container (28) for storing the pure product. When the container (30) has been emptied, it is filled again using the desired quantity of deionized water via the line (16) and the valve (17) and the product then starts to circulate again in the circuit, described above, so as gradually to dilute the purified gas in the water and to obtain the desired titre.
FIG. 2 shows very diagrammatically a feed loop of the heat exchanger (10) of FIG. 1, which exchanger is preferably of the type used in the nuclear industry, i.e. with a primary circuit and a secondary circuit which are completely sealed and separated from each other so as to avoid any contamination of the liquid product to be manufactured (ultrapure liquid product for the microelectronics industry) with the water for cooling the container (30). In this figure, the same components as those in FIG. 1 bear the same references. A tank (40) of glycol water which is, for example, at a temperature of −5° C. and is made to flow through the primary exchanger (41), in the primary circuit (42) of the latter, so as subsequently to be removed via the line (43) at a temperature which in practice may be +2° C. The secondary part (44) of the primary exchanger (41) includes a circuit for ultrapure water which flows permanently, in the secondary of this primary exchanger, in the line (45) connected to the primary circuit (46) of the secondary exchanger (47), the lower end of this secondary exchanger (46) being connected to the line (48) and then to the pump (49) which circulates this ultrapure water in the circuit. This circuit includes a purger (50) which makes it possible from time to time to purge the ultrapure-water circuit and to replace this water with a new charge of ultrapure water. The secondary circuit (51) of the secondary exchanger (47) receives the ultrapure chemical liquid (1) so as to lower its temperature from a temperature of, for example, 30° C. ("30° C. chemical solution" in FIG. 2) to a temperature of about 20° C. ("20° C. chemical solution" in FIG. 2). The deionized water may be cooled by glycol water in a plate or tube heat exchanger.
FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a process for continuously dissolving the gas in the liquid, which continuous process allows the ultrapure chemical to be manufactured continuously. In this figure, the same components as those in the previous figures bear the same references.
This continuous manufacturing system has a few differences compared with that described in FIG. 1. A first difference is the presence of a heat exchanger (100) which has been placed here outside the vessel (30) as an illustration of a different way of cooling the solution and of keeping it at a temperature preferably between 20° C. and 25° C. This difference itself is not associated with the fact that the solution is produced continuously, as in this FIG. 3, or discontinuously, as in FIG. 1, but the two methods of heat exchange for cooling the solution and keeping it between 20° C. and 25° C. allow two different methods to be illustrated, either by using heat exchange in the bath or by using an exchanger placed outside the bath, which methods are applicable in both, continuous and batch, production situations.
The essential difference in this FIG. 3 compared to the apparatus described in FIG. 1 consists of continuous feed with ultrapure water (101 and 102), so as, when the valves (103, 104) are open, to feed ultrapure water continuously into the top of the column (13) having the packings (9). The purified gas (6), as in the case of FIG. 1, is supplied at the bottom of the column via an analogue flow meter (105) and two valves (106, 107) used to control the flow rate of purified gas and to deliver the required quantity for obtaining a solution having the desired titre. (The line (108) for supplying ultrapure water after the valve (104) also includes an analogue flow meter (109) in order to measure the flow rate of ultrapure water). When the concentration (or titre) of the solution, which circulates continuously, as previously, in the column and which is measured by the device (18), is equal to the initially programmed value, the controller (110) then closes the valves (103, 107) so as to stop the ultrapure-water feeds and the purified-gas feed, the product stored in the tank (30) then being sent to the storage container (28). In continuous operation, the various flow rates and pressures and methods of recirculating the products in the circuit are such that the product concentration is permanently equal to the desired value and such that the ultrapure chemical may thus flow, continuously or almost continuously, via the pump (120) into the storage container (28). By way of information, the flow rates for producing various products and in particular 50% hydrofluoric acid (HF 50), 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF 5), 35% hydrochloric acid (HCl 35) and 30% aqueous ammonia (NH4OH 30), can be as shown in the following Tables 1-4:
Intended Product
Flow Rate, liters per hour
HCl 35
Flow Rate, standard liters
Intended Product
per hour
HCl 35
Intended Product
Flow Rate, liters per hour
HCl 35
The temperature of the liquid at F3 can be 10-15° C.
Intended Product
Flow Rate, liters per hour
HCl 35
The flow rate of the chemical at F5 can be 100 liters per hour. The temperature of the chemical at F5 can be 20-25° C. Complying with these various flow rates makes it possible to obtain the products with the desired purity. In one exemplary embodiment, the chemical is 50% hydrofluoric acid, and a flow-rate ratio of the recycled portion of the product to the drawn-off portion of the product is between 80 and 260. In another exemplary embodiment, the chemical is 5% hydrofluoric acid with a flow-rate ratio of between 3 and 10. The chemical may also be 35% hydrofluoric acid with a flowrate ratio of between 20 and 65. In a further exemplary embodiment, the chemical is 30% aqueous ammonia with a flowrate ratio of between 18 and 60.
FIG. 4 shows diagrammatically a purification system for a chemical gas to be purified. The gas to be purified (201) is introduced via the nozzle (203) into the scrubbing column (202), the collector (205) of which contains a solution of water saturated with chemical gas and containing the gas scrubbings. The bottom of the collector is connected via a pump (206) and a line (207) to the top of the column (202) where the liquid recirculated by the pump (206) is delivered by a spray head (208) as a countercurrent to the gas to be purified which is injected by the nozzle (203) and which rises in the packings (209) where material exchange, between the gas and the liquid, occurs. At the top of the column, i.e. the upper part of the column (202), there is a mist eliminator 210 so as to filter out a certain number of impurities which could still remain in the gas and to condense the moisture which is in the latter. After this first purification stage, the gas is extracted via the top of the column through the line (211) and sent into the bottom part of the second column (215) via the nozzle (212) and a purification of the same type as in the previous stage is carried out by recirculating the liquid (214) via the pump (229) and the line (217), the liquid being sent as a countercurrent into the spray head (218) before coming into contact on the packings (216) in the column (215) with the gas which is rising in this column. At the top of this column there is also a mist eliminator (219) and the gas, of even higher purity, is sent via the line (220) into the third column which fulfils the same function as the two previous columns, that is to say that the gas is injected via the nozzle (221) as a countercurrent to the liquid flowing from the collector containing the liquid (223), the pump (224), the line (225) and the spray head (226) into the packings (270). Ultrapure water is introduced via the nozzle (222) coming from a tank (236) of ultrapure water, this water being sent into the collector (223). The fully purified gas passes through the mist eliminator (227) via the line (228) and is once more in the form of purified gas (6) as described in the previous figures. In this FIG. 4, the liquid flowing through the third column, i.e. that lying furthest to the right in FIG. 4, may be sent, by means of the valve (234) and the line (235), into the nozzle (213) which feeds into the collector of the second column (214) so as to recover the saturated liquid of this third column and send it into the second column where it will be recirculated as a counter-current to the gas. Likewise, on the circuit for recirculating the liquid in the collector (214) of the column (215) is connected a valve (230) so as to be able to draw off this liquid and send it via the line (233) into the nozzle (204) which itself feeds the liquid into the collector (205) of the column (202). This arrangement has the advantages, mentioned above, of speed and economy.
In FIG. 5 the same components as those in the previous figures bear the same references. In this figure, gas is purified by means of only two columns, the essential difference in this figure compared to FIG. 4 being that each of the two columns is fed directly with ultrapure water (236) by means of, respectively, the valves (252) and the line (235) so as to reach the nozzle (213) which feeds into the column (215) and, moreover, via the valve (253), the line (233) which feeds into the nozzle (204) which feeds liquid into the collector (205) of the column (202). Furthermore, the valves (231 and 230) are used, respectively, via the lines (250 and 251), to remove the scrubbing solution to (232) when it is necessary, especially when the scrubbing solution saturated with impurities must be replaced and the collectors refilled with ultrapure water. The spent scrubbing solution may be drawn off continuously or sequentially from the collector of each column at a rate which is about 0.1% to 5% of the rate at which the scrubbing solution is fed.
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of the entire apparatus according to the invention, comprising both the purification system and the dilution system. A container (301), holding a liquid chemical (302) above which is a gas overhead (303) of the same chemical, is connected via the line (304), the filter (305), the valve (306) and the line (307) to the nozzle (308) for injecting the gas drawn off from the gas overhead (303) in the container (301). The gas is then injected into the first purification column (311) as described previously, this gas rising as a countercurrent in the packings (313) to the liquid which comes from the collector (310) and which is circulated by the pump (320), the line (312) and the spray head (314). The collector itself is fed with liquid (324) coming, for example, from the liquid circulation circuit of the second column (325) (or alternatively, as in FIG. 4, the direct feed with deionized ultrapure water may be provided). After this first purification step in the column (311), the gas passes through mist eliminator (315) and is then taken, via the line (316), into the nozzle (317) at the base of the column (325), in which column it flows as a countercurrent to the liquid of the collector (319), this liquid flowing through the pump (321) to the line (322) and the spray head (323) through the packings (372) of this column (325). After this second purification step, and therefore having reached the desired degree of purity, the gas passes through the mist eliminator (326) and then, via the line (327) enters the nozzle (328) in the form of ultrapure chemical gas. In the dissolution column (329), this ultrapure chemical gas is injected at the base of the column as a countercurrent to the liquid recirculated by means of the spray head (346) through the packings (329) so as to produce a solution of liquid chemical having the desired concentration. The liquid enriched with ultrapure gas flows out into the capillary-type line (333) and, simply by gravity, gradually fills the container (330) by spilling out of the opening (334). Above the liquid (331) in this container (330) is a gas overhead (332) preferably of ultrapure nitrogen of electronic purity, while a tank of deionized ultrapure water (380) may feed, via the line (381) into the container (330) when this is necessary (see the description of the previous figures with regard to the operation). At the base of the container (330) is a circulating pump (335) which circulates the liquid gradually enriched with gas via the valve (336), the line (337), the line (339), the valve (340), the line (345) and then the spray head (346). The line (337) comprises a junction between the lines (339 and 337), this junction (338) being used to measure the titre by means of the device CT in the figure so that the titre of the solution is continually checked until the desired titre is achieved. In order to measure its titre without any physical contact, the solution thus recirculated is sent via the valve (347) into the container (330). Again, after the valve (340), there is a line (382) which makes it possible, by means of the valve (341) to store the chemical at the desired titre in the storage container (342), the latter being connected, via the valve (343), to the point of use by the customer (344). The tank (380) of deionized ultrapure water is also connected via the line (383) to the nozzle (318) which is used to inject this water into the collector (319) of the column (325). There is also a line (324) for drawing off and recycling the impurity-enriched solution, when this is necessary, into the collector (310) of the first purification column.
This example is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This involves a vertical column filled with a packing whose nature is to increase, to the maximum, the gas/liquid interfacial area, such as therefor Raschig rings, or "Pall"-type partitioned rings, or balls, or saddles. The dissolving liquid is injected at the top of the column and the purified gas to be dissolved at the bottom. The liquid flows into the reactor via a U-tube, the free branch of which emerges above the surface of the liquid.
This U-tube acts as a hydraulic valve which forces the gas to be dissolved to pass through the packings in the column.
A circulating pump takes up the liquid and reinjects it into the top of the absorption column at a flow rate such that the heating due to dissolving the gas remains compatible with the final concentration of the chemical to be obtained. The recirculation loop is equipped with a filter. The gas overhead in the reactor is connected to the top of the column via a line in order to equalize the pressures therein. The top of the column is connected via a safety valve to a vent.
The column is made of a plastic which is resistant to corrosion and compatible with the high purity desired for the chemicals: the same applies to the packing. A plastic heat exchanger is placed in the container which holds the chemical beneath the column or at the output of the pump feeding the column; in this case, a major portion, greater than 70%, of the liquid must be sent directly to the container which collects the chemical. Alternatively, a major portion of the cooled liquid, greater than 70% by volume, is fed into the dissolution column and the other portion is recycled directly into a container which collects the chemical. The secondary plastic exchanger is fed with deionized water cooled by the glycol water in a stainless steel (primary) exchanger as in FIG. 2. The deionized water is continually replaced via a feed downstream of the circulating pump of the loop and the draw-off is adjusted so as to be able to have minimum ion contamination in the loop: thus, should there be a leak in the plastic exchanger, contamination of the chemical is avoided.
A filter is placed on the output side of the pump, downstream of the exchanger. Fitted into the circuit for return to the collector container is the process analyser (and its controller) which measures the concentration of the chemical.
This example is shown in FIG. 3. The preferred implementation of this continuous dissolution process includes:
a packed absorption column, a collector buffer container under the column and a cooling circuit which comprises a pump, a heat exchanger and a filter.
Furthermore, in this example, there is a circuit for direct return to the buffer container which can take, for example, from 2 to 10% of the output of the cooling circuit. The circuit includes a flow control valve, a concentration transmitter, and a concentration regulator (of the PID type) controlling the valve for regulating the purified-gas feed circuit, and an absorption-column feed circuit into which 90% to 98% of the output of the cooling circuit flows, a discharge pump which extracts the end-product from the buffer container and sends it into the storage tanks, a purified-gas feed circuit comprising a transmitter flow rate, a control valve slaved to the analyser and an ultrapure-water feed circuit which includes a flow control valve and a transmitter flow meter.
In a variant, the exchanger may be fitted directly in the buffer container under the absorption column, the high heat of solution of the gases such as HF, HCl or NH3 requiring the absorption column to operate at a high solution flow rate so as to remove the heat without raising the temperature excessively, which could have consequences for the titre of the solution produced. FIG. 3 gives the flow rates in order to achieve 100 liters per hour of solution, for example for 50% hydrofluoric acid (HF 50), 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF 5), 35% hydrochloric acid (HCl 35) and 30% NH4OH aqueous ammonia (NH4OH 30).
Two variants of this example are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Since the mist eliminator at the top of the column, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,778, has a limited effectiveness, various solutions are provided by the invention.
In order to improve the purity further, rather than increasing the volume of the column, according to the invention a second column is used in series. The saturated scrubbing solution will have a lower purity level than that of the first. The aerosol inevitably entrained will have a much lower concentration of metallic impurities (by a factor of approximately) than in the first column—the solution produced by dissolving the gas after the second column will itself therefore be much purer than that produced by a purification apparatus having a single column. A one-column system makes it possible to obtain a level of metallic impurity of about 10 ppb for each cation: with an apparatus according to the invention having at least two columns in series, a purity of better than 100 ppt may be achieved. Preferably, each of the scrubbing columns comprises packings, a tank collecting the scrubbing solution, a pump sending the scrubbing solution to the top of the column, a spray nozzle or any other device for distributing the scrubbing solution, a mist eliminator located above the inlet for the scrubbing solution, a purified-gas outlet at the highest point on the column, an inlet for gas to be purified, this being located below the packing in the column, a supply of high-purity deionized water and a valve for removing the spent scrubbing solution.
The spent scrubbing solution may be removed at each column (FIG. 5), and this results in a loss of chemical; it is preferable for the deionized water to be introduced into the final column (the furthest downstream in the process) and for the scrubbing solution to flow from column to column as a countercurrent to the gas to be purified (FIG. 4).
It may be useful, for controlling the process, to fit an exchanger, cooled by cold water, in the container which collects the scrubbing solution.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 21, 1981
|Sep 14, 1982
|Chisso Corporation
|Process for producing purified hydrochloric acid
|Jan 7, 1994
|Mar 5, 1996
|Startec Ventures, Inc.
|Point-of-use ammonia purification for electronic component manufacture
|Jul 1, 1996
|Jul 28, 1998
|Startec Ventures, Inc.
|On-site manufacture of ultra-high-purity hydrofluoric acid for semiconductor processing
|Jul 1, 1996
|Dec 8, 1998
|Air Liquide Electronics Chemicals & Services, Inc.
|On-site manufacture of ultra-high-purity hydrochloric acid for semiconductor processing
|Nov 21, 1996
|Nov 9, 1999
|Andritz-Patentverwaltungs-Gesellschaft M.B.H.
|Process and plant for extraction or recovery of acids from solutions of these acids
|Mar 10, 1998
|Dec 14, 1999
|Air Liquide America Corporation
|On-site ammonia purification for semiconductor manufacture
|May 22, 1998
|Jan 18, 2000
|Air Liquide America Corporation
|Point-of-use ammonia purification for electronic component manufacture
|Title not available
|Jul 8, 1986
|Feb 4, 1987
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
|Process for purifying hydrogen chloride gas
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 4, 2000
|Feb 12, 2002
|Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
|Process for preparing pure hydrofluoric acid
|Oct 15, 1998
|Oct 11, 2005
|Ebara Corporation
|Process and apparatus for treating semiconductor production exhaust gases
|Dec 24, 2002
|Nov 29, 2005
|Puritan Products, Inc.
|Purification of ammonia
|May 17, 2005
|May 13, 2008
|Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc.
|On-site generation, purification, and distribution of ultra-pure anhydrous ammonia
|Aug 6, 2003
|Jun 3, 2008
|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
|Wet gas purification method and system for practicing the same
|Oct 12, 2006
|Jan 18, 2011
|Air Liquide Electronics U.S. Lp
|Systems and methods for managing fluids using a liquid ring pump
|Oct 12, 2006
|Jul 19, 2011
|Air Liquide Electronics U.S. Lp
|Systems and methods for managing fluids in a processing environment using a liquid ring pump and reclamation system
|May 24, 2011
|Nov 27, 2012
|Air Liquide Electronics U.S. Lp
|Systems for managing fluids in a processing environment using a liquid ring pump and reclamation system
|Jul 31, 2012
|Nov 26, 2013
|Air Liquide Electronics U.S. Lp
|Reclaim function for semiconductor processing system
|Oct 31, 2012
|Apr 22, 2014
|Air Liquide Electronics U.S. Lp
|Systems and methods for managing fluids in a processing environment using a liquid ring pump and reclamation system
|Mar 15, 2013
|Jun 9, 2015
|Clack Corporation
|Baffle plate for a water treatment device
|Mar 15, 2013
|Dec 22, 2015
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Onsite ultra high purity chemicals or gas purification
|May 17, 2005
|Nov 24, 2005
|Del Prato Thomas A
|On-site generation, purification, and distribution of ultra-pure anhydrous ammonia
|Aug 6, 2003
|May 25, 2006
|Masahiro Harada
|Wet gas purification method and system for practicing the same
|Oct 12, 2006
|May 17, 2007
|Urquhart Karl J
|Systems and methods for managing fluids in a processing environment using a liquid ring pump and reclamation system
|Oct 12, 2006
|May 17, 2007
|Urquhart Karl J
|Liquid ring pumping and reclamation systems in a processing environment
|Oct 12, 2006
|May 17, 2007
|Urquhart Karl J
|Systems and methods for managing fluids using a liquid ring pump
|Oct 12, 2006
|May 31, 2007
|Urquhart Karl J
|Systems and methods for reclaiming process fluids in a processing environment
|Mar 15, 2013
|Sep 18, 2014
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Onsite ultra high purity chemicals or gas purification
|Mar 15, 2013
|Sep 18, 2014
|Clack Corporation
|Baffle plate for a water treatment device
|Jan 25, 2002
|Jul 4, 2007
|Process for purifying hydrogen chloride
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 28, 1998
Owner name: AIR LIQUIDE ELECTRONICS LABEILLE, FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LAEDERICH, THIERRY;DULPHY, HERVE;REEL/FRAME:009229/0913
Effective date: 19980518
|Jul 14, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 18, 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Feb 6, 2009
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 31, 2009
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20090206


text:
"Sexy Pet Lounger in Brown Pebble" is not available for sale online.
This item may be discontinued or not carried in your nearest store. Please call your local store to check in-store availability before heading there. For informational purposes, the product details and customer reviews are provided.
- Decorative wood legs not only look great but also elevate the bed off the floor to keep your pet comfy and draft-free.
- Durable furniture-grade wood and polyurethane construction.
- Suitable for pets up to 60 pounds.
- For indoor use.
- Wipe clean.
- Imported.


text:
Results 1 to 5 of 13
Thread: Way to honor Katherine on a boy?
May 3rd, 2013 04:12 PM #1
May 3rd, 2013 04:18 PM #3Senior Member
- Join Date
- May 2013
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May 3rd, 2013 04:30 PM #5
May 3rd, 2013 04:36 PM #7Top Names: Benedict Calvin & Noelle Geneva
Olivia/Livy : Darah/Bethel : Eve/Verity
Eli/Solomon : Luke/Zane: Levi/Phineas
Due in January!
May 3rd, 2013 04:46 PM #9
My thought was Lion. Or maybe even Leo. A fairly common nn for Katherine is Kat (at least, I'm hearing it everywhere lately! Much more often than Kate, Katie, Kit/Kitty, or any of the other options!), and cat to lion makes a nice transition, imo. I think Cathan, Thane, and Aaron are lovely alternatives, too, though. Maybe you could use initials?Ashley | namenerd | Christian | storyteller
List under major construction.
Isabelle | Arianne | Olivia | Violet | Grace | Adele
Caleb | Everett | Grant | Casper | Samuel | Rowan
Thinking about Rhys Absalom and Sebastian Harbor Amias and Anneliese "Annie/Liesey" (if only I could find a combo!) and Lucia Charlotte today.
I've recently started a story--join me! havengermany.blogspot.com


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text: On Jul 31, 2006, at 3:58 PM, Gavin McCullagh wrote: > The Squid web proxy has several content filters available including: > > http://dansguardian.org/ > > None of these are perfect, but they remove a fair bit of bad stuff. > Perfect content filtering is nigh on impossible anyway, Agreed. > Setting up dansguardian is not entirely trivial but there's a guide > for > Ubuntu here. > > http://www.pilpi.net/journal/item-985.php Thanks, Gavin. At least, I have an answer now. Regards, - Robert robert.citek at bworks.org http://stlouis.missouri.org/bworks/


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Applications for state cooling assistance due August 15
Cooling assistance helps low-income households pay for repair, replacement or payment of cooling equipment.
Cooling assistance helps low-income households pay for repair, replacement or payment of cooling equipment.
Officers with the Portsmouth Police Department gifted donated bikes to kids throughout the community Monday.
Three different homes received calls Monday from the scammers.
The American Diabetes Association estimates 207,000 Virginians have diabetes and don't know it.
Medical Transport LLC, a Sentara subsidiary, has decked out the first ever American Diabetes Association ambulance.
After a court appearance, Stephen Hicks escaped while being transported from the courthouse to the Granville County Detention Center.
A car and a motorcycle were involved in an accident at the corner of S. Independence Boulevard and Belspring Drive Monday.
In an area known for potential violence, the patrol is slowly changing the image.
Police say they received phone calls from nine homes on Lancelot Drive about vandalism.
Every two seconds, someone in the U.S. requires blood or platelets.
Police say the suspect stole a six-pack of beer and money from the Shell and Miller Mart convenience store Sunday.
Beth Prever has raised $800,000 for ALS research. Recently diagnosed with ALS herself, she completed a major item off her "bucket list" this…
We take a look back in the WAVY Archives
Police say Breon Mayo assaulted his girlfriend and initially would not let her leave the residence.
The driver suffered non life-threatening injuries and the passenger has serious, possibly life-threatening injuries.
Parents being held on charges related to the crime.


text:
Expert View: Antidote to gloomy old mass media
I have decided to ignore all media hysteria on the economy. Recession is a very personal matter and so I have evolved the RGV/PRB index as the most accurate method of gauging public confidence and economic trends, this being structured from weekly data gleaned from about 30 friends, colleagues and family.
The Regularity of Grandchildren's Visits Index is a useful tool for measuring one's tolerance levels of working your proverbial **** off for no return. When measured against the Posh Restaurant Bookings Index, one gets a clearer understanding of how underlying financial factors affect ordinary people.
Together, they form a useful picture of current recessionary thinking, or to put it another way: just how depressed out of our brains are we?
The degree of depression or "fermished factor" is directly affected by a strange new phenomena, the "whydidntIgetatrackermortgage" syndrome and its crippling but rare"ifonlyidphonedkaupthingadayearlier" strain, although these have been overshadowed by "Madoff Madness" in the US, the effects of which some consider worse than getting divorced — you lose half your wealth but still keep your wife.
You can either laugh or cry. Thanks to the media insistence that we are in a handcart trundling towards to financial and political Armageddon, we are punch drunk on doom.
But reality will reign ultimately and "it will change". We have to be optimistic and believe that what seems like fruitless effort will pay off in the future. Wallowing in the depression of the obvious global setbacks is beginning to be boring.
We are starting to see banks lending again — albeit they want your left leg as security, and payback in 15 minutes. We are feeling a stronger demand for deals, and landlords are mostly acting as partners and not feudal lords with their tenants.
Ok, these may be false signs of recovery, but I am an optimist. Keep everything up — I am off to cuddle a few grandchildren and have a row with their parents. Might even pop into Little Chef for dinner (for a salad and a glass of water, of course).
David Coffer is chairman of the Coffer Group and its subsidiaries


text:
SAN DIEGO, Calif—BioMed Realty Trust, Inc. (NYSE: BMR), a real estate investment trust (REIT) that delivers optimal real estate solutions for the life science industry, today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and full-year ended December 31, 2012.
Fourth Quarter 2012 Highlights
- · Executed 30 leasing transactions during the quarter representing approximately 624,900 square feet, driving the total operating portfolio leased percentage on a weighted-average basis to approximately 92.1% at quarter end, comprised of:
o 13 new leases totaling approximately 256,600 square feet, highlighted by:
§ a lease expansion with Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for 93,000 square feet at the company's 301 Binney Street property in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
§ a lease expansion with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for an additional approximately 80,500 square feet at The Landmark at Eastview campus in Tarrytown, New York.
o 17 lease renewals totaling approximately 368,300 square feet, highlighted by:
§ a lease extension with Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the balance of the approximately 210,300 square feet currently leased at the 301 Binney Street property through January 31, 2018; and
§ a lease extension with NuGen Technologies, Inc. for approximately 47,900 square feet at the company's Industrial Road property in San Carlos, California.
- Increased funds from operations (FFO) for the quarter by 20.0% to $0.36 per diluted share, as compared to $0.30 per diluted share in the fourth quarter of 2011.
- Increased adjusted funds from operations (AFFO) for the quarter by 17.9% to $0.33 per diluted share, as compared to $0.28 per diluted share in the fourth quarter of 2011.
- Increased same property net operating income on a cash basis for the period by 6.1% and the same property leased percentage increased by 5.7% as compared to the same period in 2011.
- Generated total revenues for the quarter of $138.8 million, up 23.9% from $112.0 million in the same period in 2011 and the highest in the company's history. Rental revenues for the quarter increased by 22.5% to $104.0 million from $84.9 million in the same period in 2011, the highest in the company's history.
- Reported net income available to common stockholders for the quarter of $4.5 million, or $0.03 per diluted share.
Alan D. Gold, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BioMed Realty, commented, "We are very pleased to report another quarter and year of strong execution of our proven business model. In 2012, we continued to reap the benefits of strong life science industry trends. Leveraging this strength with the location and quality of our properties combined with the skill of our operating team has allowed us to make significant market share gains. In fact, we've increased our leased percentage by 1,000 basis points over the last nine quarters – bringing our total operating portfolio to over 92% leased. The cumulative effect of this sustained success helped us deliver a 20% increase in FFO per share in the fourth quarter of 2012."
2012 Highlights
During the full year 2012, the company:
- Executed 97 leasing transactions representing approximately 1.8 million square feet, driving year-over-year net absorption in same property portfolio of 570 basis points and increasing the total operating portfolio weighted-average leased percentage by 4.9% to 92.1% at year-end:
o 61 new leases totaling approximately 1.1 million square feet.
o 36 leases amended to extend their terms totaling approximately 703,200 square feet.
o Including leasing activity in the fourth quarter of 2011, the company executed approximately 2.1 million square feet of gross leasing transactions, representing approximately 172% of its previously disclosed five-quarter goal of 1.2 million square feet.
- Increased total revenues 18.3% to $518.2 million from $438.2 million in 2011 and rental revenues 19.2% to $392.6 million from $329.5 million in 2011.
- Increased FFO excluding acquisition-related expenses, or core funds from operations (CFFO), for the year by 9.2% to $1.31 per diluted share, compared to $1.20 per diluted share in 2011. FFO, calculated in accordance with standards established by NAREIT, was $1.23 per diluted share.
- Increased AFFO to $1.29 per diluted share for the year, as compared to $1.15 per diluted share in 2011, an increase of 12.2% per diluted share.
- Reported a net loss available to common stockholders of $2.8 million, or $0.03 per diluted share. The loss includes acquisition-related expenses totaling $13.1 million.
- Acquired six new properties for a total investment of approximately $436.4 million, increasing the company's gross assets year-over-year by 11.4% to $5.4 billion at year-end. The properties were 93.3% leased at acquisition and comprise approximately 1.0 million rentable square feet.
According to Kent Griffin, President and Chief Operating Officer of BioMed Realty, "Our 2012 results were truly extraordinary and a testimony to our commitment to creating value from the ground up. In addition to the 1.8 million square feet of gross leasing, we identified and delivered $436 million of attractive new investments by leveraging our strong platform, industry expertise and valuable relationships. Individually and collectively, our 2012 investments allow us to capitalize on our core competencies – our expertise in life science real estate combined with a sound, sustained capital strategy – for the benefit of our stockholders. We are very excited about 2013 and the opportunities in front of us, as the result of the success and momentum delivered throughout all facets of our business in 2012."


text:
Popeyes Jobs and Careers - Apply Online
Popeyes Overview and Benefits
Founded in 1972 in New Orleans, Popeyes is a leader in the New Orleans segment of the foodservice industry and is the world's second-largest quick-service chicken concept based on number of units. As of April 20, 2008, Popeyes had 1,889 restaurants in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam and 24 foreign countries.
Employment Opportunities at Popeyes
Popeyes6214 Central Ave.
Seat Pleasant, MD
Popeyes4621 Silver Hill Rd.
Suitland, MD
Popeyes6214 Central Ave.
Seat Pleasant, MD
Popeyes7101 M.L.King Highway
Landover, MD
Popeyes5320 Marlboro Pike
District Heights, MD
Popeyes1705 Ritchie Station Court
Capital Heights, MD
Cities with Popeyes Jobs
- Omaha, NE (35 jobs)
- Sacramento, CA (27 jobs)
- Lincoln, NE (24 jobs)
- Chicago, IL (22 jobs)
- Wichita, KS (20 jobs)
- Richmond, VA (20 jobs)
- Nashville, TN (20 jobs)
- Louisville, KY (17 jobs)
- Mobile, AL (16 jobs)
- Philadelphia, PA (15 jobs)
- Springfield, MO (12 jobs)
- Columbia, SC (12 jobs)
- Augusta, GA (12 jobs)
- Redding, CA (10 jobs)
- Oakland, CA (10 jobs)


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Anywhere Else But Here
I'm wondering why I'm still here
And my head's about to pop
Features of This Trackhard rock roots
use of a string ensemble
major key tonality
electric rhythm guitars
political lyrics
vocal harmonies
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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text:
Crazy Substitute Teachers
Enjoy, NG4.04 / 5.00 1,860 Views
Vacuum Salesman
This dude and his Megazord vacuum cleaner4.00 / 5.00 2,528 Views
Markiplier Animated | Mark Of The Survey Corps
This took far too long to make...3.89 / 5.00 4,790 Views
It was kind of funny...
Yeah, this was ok, but I have something to say to the some of these other guys reviewing this. Look at the top. It says: if you give it a low score, give constructive criticism, not the place for you to act like a total asshole. So, follow the rules, and some of you, quit being assholes, ok?
Still crap
For fucks sake, no one cares about this. Its lame, has no menaing what-so-ever, NOONE WANTS TO FUCKIGN SEE THIS SHIT GET THAT THROUGH YOUR FUCKING HEAD!!!!
What the fuck, is this supposed to be funny?
What the fuck is this Sloth TV series it really seems to be such a piece of shit, I'm assuming it's trying to be funny, but seriously it isn't at all, I thought Reading Rainbow was bad but this takes the piss, this is in my opinion now the worst Newgrounds series ever with Reading Rainbow being the second worst. All this movie is is a collection of stupid noises with sloth moving about while things happen in front of him, seriously unfunny shit.
please just stop trying all your animations were stupid and retarted FUCK YOU
...The hell?
What in the holy hell was that? I couldn't even watch the whole thing. I thought that I would die of a seisure before it ended. Jeez man get help!


text:
Universal Bar-End ATV Mirror by CIPA®. This mirror was designed as a mini style universal replacement for all domestic and imported trucks. This mirror may be a mini style, but the view from it is anything but with its extra large 5" x 8" mirror face.
- Universal design allows for use on the left hand and/or right hand side of ATVs, snowmobiles, jet skis, motor-cross bikes, 4 wheelers, or bicycles
- Will not interfere with hand movement
- Features a safety lens that will not shatter
- Designed using a convex lens to provide wide angle viewing for increased visibility
- Includes all the necessary hardware and a free hex wrench
The mirror assembly then attaches by fastening it to the insertion knob using the supplied bolt, and turning until the mirror fits snuggly into the handlebar. The Bar-End ATV Mirror comes with a vibration-free convex safety lens to provide both safety and wide angle viewing while on your ATV. The mirror head adjusts in all directions using a ball and socket mount between the mirror head and mirror arm. The arm can also be adjusted for optimal viewing using a Phillips head screwdriver (not included). The Bar-End ATV Mirror is completely universal and can be used on snowmobiles, jet skis, motor-cross bikes, 4 wheelers, or bicycles.
CIPA® is based in Port Huron, Michigan, a small suburb near Detroit, the heart and soul of the automotive industry. Most of CIPA's business is supplying OEMs with the best mirrors and accessories possible. The ability to swim (and survive) in the supplier shark pool means they have mastered the manufacturing and delivery of first-rate products. In turn that means that the OEM-replacement and unique aftermarket parts they sell are all of OEM quality.


text:
< 1k
in the U.S.
since 1880
- Gender: Unknown
Pronunciation of Jeevitha
How popular is the name "Jeevitha" in the U.S.?
Out of 5,647,426 records in the U.S. Social Security Administration public data, the name "Jeevitha" was not present. It is possible the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year. You might want to use a short version of your first name or perhaps your nickname.
On the other hand, you simply have a name that no one else in America is using. For 135 years only your parents have thought of using your name. Hoorah! You are a unique individual.
What does the name "Jeevitha" mean?
J is for jubilant, the upbeat you!
E is for exquisite, who could argue?
E is for elegant, born within you.
V is for volunteer, your giving side.
I is for intense, your zest of living.
T is for time, you give to friends.
H is for hope, the encouragement you give.
A is for advantage, for you are blessed with many.
Your name in reverse order is "Ahtiveej". A random rearrangement of the letters in your name (anagram) will give "Ijeetavh". How do you pronounce that?
Now try the names of everyone you know including friends, cousins, neighbors, classmates, co-workers or your pets. Even your favorite anime, TV or movie characters! See what their names mean. Remember, this is purely just for fun.
Past life for Jeevitha born May 31, 2004
I do not know how you feel about it, but you were a female in your last earthly incarnation. You were born somewhere around the territory of Newfoundland approximately on 800. Your profession was writer, dramatist, and organizer of rituals.
You had a mind of a scientist, always seeking new explanations. Environment often misunderstood you. Had a respectable knowledge. Magic is everywhere around you, in most usual, most ordinary incidents. Your lesson - to learn magic and to help people to see it clearly. You are a magician!
Name poster for Jeevitha
(click to save the high quality version)
Here's something for you to ponder on...
The Theory Behind The Name Game - Finding a good baby name is one of the dilemmas that plague parents who live in a modern setting. Parents do have the right to be conscious about the name.


text:
BioShock Infinite Videos
10 Best Games of 2013
Dec 17, 2013 - Ladies and gentlemen, we present to you the nominees for 2013 Game of the Year!
- 1:52 mins
2013 PlayStation 3 Game of the Year Nominees
Dec 17, 2013 - Greg Miller and Vince Ingenito run down IGN's list of contenders for our best PlayStation 3 game of the year award.
- 7:11 mins
2013 Xbox 360 Game of the Year Nominees
Dec 17, 2013 - Greg Miller and Mitch Dyer run down IGN's list of contenders for our best Xbox 360 game of the year award.
- 4:53 mins
Most Popular Videos on IGN
- Nintendo Voice Chat: Talking About NX Rumors with Jeff Gerstmann
- Every Pokemon in Pokemon Go
- Fireteam Chat Ep. 79 - Starting Fresh in Rise of Iron - IGN's Destiny Show
- Kingdoms of Amalur Devs Not Indicted With Criminal Charges - IGN News
- Uncharted Movie Finds Its Writer - IGN News
- Our 10 Favorite Toys at San Diego Comic-Con 2016
IGN Holiday Gift Guide 2013: Current Gen Stalwart Gift Ideas
Nov 14, 2013 - Need gift ideas for the current gen stalwart in your life? Consider Splinter Cell: Blacklist, Bioshock Infinite, Raym...
- 2:50 mins
BioShock Infinite - Burial at Sea Episode 1 Launch Trailer
Nov 13, 2013 - Take a look at the terrors that await you in Rapture.
- 1:20 mins
Levine Defends Burial at Sea DLC
Nov 11, 2013 - The creator of BioShock Infinite has responded to criticism about the length of newly released Burial at Sea Episode ...
- 1:19 mins
The Darker Side of BioShock Infinite's Rapture - IGN Conversation
Oct 18, 2013 - We discuss how Rapture has changed in BioShock Infinite's Burial at Sea DLC, plus show off some new footage.
- 2:28 mins
BioShock Infinite's Old Man Winter Plasmid
Oct 16, 2013 - We discuss BioShock Infinite's new ice Plasmid and the story of the fan who designed it.
- 3:12 mins
First 5 Minutes of Burial at Sea: Episode One
Oct 08, 2013 - Watch the first five minutes of BioShock Infinite's upcoming story DLC as Booker and Elizabeth explore pre-fall Raptu...
- 5:17 mins
Fact From Myth Trailer
Oct 04, 2013 - Myles Bloom investigates the mysterious underwater city of Rapture.
- 1:27 mins
BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea DLC Impressions
Oct 04, 2013 - Andrew Goldfarb and Mitch Dyer discuss impressions of the first episode of Irrational's upcoming BioShock Infinite st...
- 4:52 mins
Board Game Unboxing
Sep 20, 2013 - From a miniature Songbird to plastic recreations of Booker and Elizabeth's adventures, we take a look at The Siege of...
- 4:32 mins
BioShock Infinite - Elizabeth Prototype Interview
Aug 16, 2013 - Irrational discusses the original, mute "Gibson Girl" design of Elizabeth and why she didn't end up in BioShock Infin...
- 4:00 mins
BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea: Recreating Rapture Video Interview
Aug 09, 2013 - Irrational's Ken Levine, Amanda Jeffrey and Shawn Robertson explain the process of re-creating Rapture for BioShock I...
- 5:42 mins
BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea: Playing as Elizabeth Video Interview
Aug 07, 2013 - Irrational's Ken Levine and Amanda Jeffrey explain how playing as Elizabeth in the upcoming Burial at Sea DLC will ch...
- 7:11 mins


text:
Calcium is located in the county of Jefferson. It covers a total area of 15.0 sq. km. Businesses related to auto transmission, dealership of computer equipments, manufacturing of computer peripherals, contracting in excavation, contracting in landscape, dealership in mobile homes, contracting in paving, rental agencies in property, contracting in remodeling and repairing, motor freight and computer networking, enhance the economic viability of the city.
Each year as a tradition to myself and this green movement website, I write on the events of Earth Day (April 22nd) this year is no exception. I will focus more on some new ideas and representations of our planet Earth. The symbols of Earth Day have been similar throughout the years, including an image or drawing of the Earth..


text:
Asphalt: Urban GT 2
Title Data
- Genre:
- Racing > Arcade > Automobile
- Developer:
- Virtuos
- Number of Players:
- 1-4 Players
Release Data
Data and credits for this game contributed by Gameman54, Mookiethebold, odino, LordAndrew, and oliist.
Know Something We Don't?
You can submit or update game data or submit game credits to help us keep our data up-to-date.


text:
Black Hat conference in Las Vegas, a UBM TechWeb event. Award recipients receive gold-painted My Little Ponies.
Dubbed by its organizers as "an annual awards ceremony celebrating the achievements and failures of security researchers and the security community," Pwnies are meant to bring fame and shame to individuals, businesses, malware (and the people who discovered it), and more that have been featured in the year's security headlines--for good or bad.
For 2011, nine Pwnies will be awarded--covering the period from July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2011--in such categories as best server-side bug, most innovative research, lamest vendor response, lifetime achievement, and best song. The list of nominations reads like a 12-months-in-review of notable security discoveries, failures, and trends.
In terms of individual categories, expect a fierce battle for the award of "Epic 0wnage," which according to contest organizers "goes to the hackers responsible for delivering the most damaging, widely publicized, or hilarious 0wnage." This year there are four nominees: Anonymous, for hacking HBGary Federal; LulzSec, "for hacking everyone"; Bradley Manning, for allegedly leaking enormous quantities of documents to WikiLeaks via fake Lady Gaga CDs; and Stuxnet, which has the distinction of being the first known malware to scuttle centrifuges.
Best client-side bugs include, amongst others, Vupen's Google Chrome sandbox bypass, Comex's exploit of a FreeType vulnerability in iOS, enabling device owners to jailbreak their devices, and Jon Oberheide's discovery that via an Android Market XSS vulnerability, he could forcibly install applications on Android users' phones, if he first tricked them into clicking on a link.
Meanwhile, the "lamest vendor response" nominees include Novell, for mischaracterizing a remotely exploitable stack overflow in OpenSSH on Novell NetWare as a denial of service attack. It's joined by RSA, for its assurances after the theft of SecurID information that it had the problem under control, after which hackers used the stolen information to attack Lockheed-Martin.
Interestingly, Sony has a lock on the "Epic Fail" award, as it's the only nominee. That said, Sony earned five nominations, ranging from its PlayStation 3 jailbreaking lawsuit, to its failing to properly protect its PlayStation Network site security, to its laying off multiple security professionals, not long before it was hacked.
The awards will be judged by a panel of eight security researchers, dubbed by the Pwnies organizers as "the closest to a jury of peers a hacker is likely to ever get." For 2011, judges include HD Moore, chief security officer at Rapid7 and chief architect of Metasploit, the leading open-source penetration testing toolkit, as well as bug hunters Mark Dowd and Dino Dai Zovi.
Black Hat USA 2011 presents a unique opportunity for members of the security industry to gather and discuss the latest in cutting-edge research. It happens July 30-Aug. 4 in Las Vegas. Find out more and register.
The cybersecurity profession struggles to retain women (figures range from 10 to 20 percent). It's particularly worrisome for an industry with a rapidly growing number of vacant positions.
So why does the shortage of women continue to be worse in security than in other IT sectors? How can men in infosec be better allies for women; and how can women be better allies for one another? What is the industry doing to fix the problem -- what's working, and what isn't?
Is this really a problem at all? Are the low numbers simply an indication that women do not want to be in cybersecurity, and is it possible that more women will never want to be in cybersecurity? How many women would we need to see in the industry to declare success?
Join Dark Reading senior editor Sara Peters and guests Angela Knox of Cloudmark, Barrett Sellers of Arbor Networks, Regina Wallace-Jones of Facebook, Steve Christey Coley of MITRE, and Chris Roosenraad of M3AAWG on Wednesday, July 13 at 1 p.m. Eastern Time to discuss all this and more.


text:
Our website is here to introduce you to our school if you are new to us, provide you with up to date information about the life of the school if you are a parent or friend and to celebrate the achievements of our children. If, after visiting our website, you would like to find out more about what we do at Landscore, then please contact us.
Dear Parents I will use this part of the website to update you on the progress of the building works and communicate anything that will affect you and the children during...Read more
Sarah Flower, who is running two cooking clubs at school, is happy for use to share the recipies she has been using. See below for the growing list of recipes: Chocolate...Read more
Click on "Read More" to read the latest Landscore Newsletter. Newsletter 18 07 16.pdfRead more


text: On 2014-01-04 15:12-0800 Alan W. Irwin wrote: > I now plan to follow up that success with an attempt to build Tcl-8.6 > on Wine. The 8.5-cygwin.patch referred to above is almost exclusively > concerned with just the Cygwin platform, and the small part of it that > is relevant to MinGW has already made it into Tcl-8.6. So I won't be > applying any patches at all for my first attempt to build the Windows > (not Cygwin) version of Tcl using the Tcl win subdirectory The epa_build and install of Tcl8.6 finished without errors for MinGW/MSYS/Wine after some small modifications of epa_build (revision 12918). So that is an extremely promising result. I have followed up with an attempt at an epa_build of Tk8.6, but so far I have been blocked from getting anywhere because the CPPFLAGS environment variable (which sets a gcc -I option so that build finds the installed Tcl headers for the Linux case) is being ignored for the MinGW/MSYS/Wine case contrary to the documentation given by the Tk "win/configure --help" command which encourages use of CPPFLAGS. What happens in the Linux case via the Tk unix/configure script case is CPPFLAGS is never mentioned explicitly in the configured Makefile, but instead the value of CPPFLAGS is appended to CFLAGS in that Makefile and CFLAGS is honored by the Gnu make implicit build rules. In contrast what happens for the MinGW/MSYS case via the Tk win/configure script is CPPFLAGS is mentioned in the Makefile, but its value is not used by CFLAGS (and apparently the implicit build rules for MSYS make.exe also ignore CPPFLAGS). My experience is that CFLAGS is always honored on all platforms so the obvious fix (which I will try tomorrow) is to drop use of CPPFLAGS to propagate -I options and instead propagate those options by appending them to CFLAGS for all platforms. Alan __________________________ Alan W. Irwin Astronomical research affiliation with Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria (astrowww.phys.uvic.ca). Programming affiliations with the FreeEOS equation-of-state implementation for stellar interiors (freeeos.sf.net); the Time Ephemerides project (timeephem.sf.net); PLplot scientific plotting software package (plplot.sf.net); the libLASi project (unifont.org/lasi); the Loads of Linux Links project (loll.sf.net); and the Linux Brochure Project (lbproject.sf.net). __________________________ Linux-powered Science __________________________


text:
Try this Miss Mary Willards Cheese Pudding recipe, or contribute your own.
0 people want to try | 0 have favorited
Combine eggs, crackers, and 1/4 cup milk. Let stand a few minutes. Add cheese, salt and 1-1/2 cups milk. Stir. Butter a 1 quart casserole. Pour mixture into casserole. Bake at 350? for 50 minutes. Yield: 4 to 6 servings. CAROL VICK GROSS (MRS. RONALD) From
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text:
Ask those who live there.
Interview the school professionals, coaches, etc.
Park in a neighborhood and see who notices you sitting there in your car. ... more
Park on the street and see who asks what you are doing.
Areas transition all the time.
What is there today, may be different when you decide t ... more
(508) 230-8200 Ext. 303 Sale Agent: Troy Larson
(508) 583-5365 List A ... more


text:
1 bedroom house in Waulsort
Size33 m²
Floor No.0
- Kitchen
- Lockable room
- Pets allowed
- Balcony/terrace
- Baby cot
- Parking available
- Pool
|5540 Namur, Walloon Region, Belgium
|Property type
|Holiday home
|Property ID
|Acceptance rate
|Response time
|A few hours
|Calendar updated
Small holiday development "Village de Vacances Waulsort". On the outskirts, 1 km from the centre of Waulsort, directly by the woods edge, 1 km from the river. For shared use: swimming pool (01.06.-31.08.). Table tennis, children's playground. In the complex: reception. Parking by the house. Supermarket 5 km, restaurant 700 m, railway station "Waulsort" 5 km. Nearby attractions: Citadel van Dinant 15 km, Brouwerij Du Bocq 20 km, Grotten van Han 49 km. Please note: The photograph is a typical example. There are more similar properties for rent in this same residence. The outdoor swimming pool is opened from June untill September. Groups of youngsters must be requested first. For groups of youngsters the deposit is doubled.
|Check-in After
|On arrangement
|Check-in before
|On arrangement
|Check-out Before
|On arrangement
|Cancellation Policy
|View Details
What really made this house great was the outside area; great swimming pool and enough space around with nice seats. Also de patio was a great spot for dinner and lunch.
The interior was not great; no airco of fan (so HOT), bad kitchen equipment (old or simply missed) and not quite clean.
Staff of Interhome gave us good support.
Place is quiet and nice. It is superior place to spend some days with dog since there is an open space in front of cottage.
There are two super markets down the hill(mountain?) which is just enough to
have everything you need.
One thing you need to be careful is that this entitiy does not have WIFI connection. If you really want to connect to internet, you need to prepare by yourself.
Apartment was lovely - clean and well-stocked. Beds were comfortable and main bedroom was roomy. Restaurants and hiking trails close by.
Great place to stay during Alp days in Swiss. Charming apartment in a wonderful village with all comfort and home tools. Besides, Patricia the owner is really helpful and make you feel like home. I would recommend this apartment to any traveller.
This apartment is very well designed and the owner was very friendly. We spend a very good time in Brugge. I will recommend this apartment. But we had a problem with Wimdu because they gave us a wrong telephone and address and we couldn´t contact with the owner and Windu. Finally we could contact with Interhom and they gave me the right telephone and address. It was a very stressful situation.
We stayed in the appartment during Christmas.The appartment itself is fabulous and located in a wonderful, but quite village. All rooms, big kitchen, furniture and facilities were well taken care of. A practical space for a family, like ours with two young children. Forests for walking is near. Shops and cities are further away. A good option is to drive to the closest train station to catch one of the trains that take you through the whole country, with its nice towns and to Luxemburg city for just 4euro a day, children under 12 yrs travel free. Food and wine in Luxemburg are nice, so we enjoyed Christmas very much.
The place was very clean and big. It had a nice garden that we could use whenever we wanted, which is great if you go with kids. The only problem was that it said the beach was 400m away, which is true but it was 400m of steps, which is a problem when you are coming back and have to go up (with kids, baby and a lot of stuff).
Apart from that, everything was great.
Nice apartment as advertised
Very nice accommodation
very nice, well equipped apartment. Quiet Location,
sehr schönes, gut ausgestattetes Appartement. Ruhige Lage,
- Quality assured accommodation
- Every host is verified by telephone
- Secure payment via SSL encryption


text:
Hallmark Hotel Croydon Aerodrome4
Purley Way, Croydon, CR9 4LT
Price FromView Rooms
- Very Good
- 39 guest reviews
"The room was spotless when we arrived but not cleaned throughout our stay. The reception were helpful and friendly...."
"I stayed one night for business. Easy to locate hotel and parking good, right outside. Local amenities good with TGI Fridays and Pizza Hut a..."
"This hotel has improved from the last time I visited this hotel..."
"My stay at Hallmark hotel in Croydon with perfectly pleasant. The staff are always friendly and helpful, and do their best to make your stay..."
"I was very pleased to find this hotel with a fscinating history which is documented in photographs and text on walls throughout the hotel. V..."
About the hotel
The former Aerodrome hotel has a well loved heritage in Surrey being originally built in 1928 to serve the airport. It has a stunning contemporary lobby relaxing lounge bar and Brasserie as well as fully equipped meeting and conference facilities. Checkin to one of 110 bedrooms then indulge in a glass of fine wine and a delicious meal in the comfortable Brasserie.
Whatever your taste we are sure to offer something for everyone. Hallmark Hotel Croydon also offers a wide selection of rooms including the stylish Amy Johnson Suite . The 5 function rooms are well equipped and can cater for up to 170 delegates.
Read MoreLess
Facilities Show/hide
- Main
- Disabled Facilities
- In room facilities
- Air conditioning in rooms , Safety Deposit Box
- Hotel services
- 24 Hour Reception , 24 Hour Room Service , Laundry/Valet Service , Wake Up Call Available
- Dining
- Restaurant , Bar
- Leisure
- Indoor Pool , Golf 18 Hole , Tennis Courts
- Family friendly
- Children's Facilities - Outdoor
- Other
- Doctor on call , Lift to all floors
- Business
- Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas
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- From 14:00 hours
- Until 11:00 hours
- 26/07/2012 to 31/12/2021 - Please note we reserve the right to charge a transaction fee of 3.5% of the total amount due on payments made by American Express. Please note that this hotel only accepts guide dogs as pets. The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
- Pets are not allowed
Customer Reviews
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Very Good
85% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
Sadly wouldn't recommend
We arrived at 2pm (check in time) where the receptionist told me I had 3 bookings.
and then asked to spell my name very slowly 3 times. When she finally located my one booking she said she would let us know when the room was ready. Finally at 3.20 after sitting in reception for this hour and 20 mins, our room was available. We were on the 4th floor which wouldn't normally be a problem but the lift wasn't working and my partner has a lifelong very painful back injury and found the stairs quite difficult. The room was adequate although very small and incredibly lacking of air (the window opened 2 inches). The sink failed to empty but apart from that the bathroom was fine. We popped out in the afternoon and on our return could not park in the hotel car park as there was a party being held and the car park was full. All in all, not a good experience.
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Nice hotel
The room was spotless when we arrived but not cleaned throughout our stay.
The reception were helpful and friendly.
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Dorothy L Sayers' great lay contemporaries in the Church of England were T. S. Eliot, C.S. Lewis and Charles Williams, but none of them wrote a book quite like The Mind of the Maker. In this crisp, elegant exercise in theology, Sayers illuminates the doctrine of the Trinity by relating it to the process of writing fiction, a process about which she could speak with complete authority. She illustrates her thesis with many examples drawn from her own books, and even illuminates the Christian heresies by analysing certain failures of creation which regularly occur in literature. This marvellous classic describes the creative process in terms of the arts and shows that literature can cast light on theology and vice versa.
About the Author
Dorothy L. Sayers was an English writer, translator, and Christian humanist. Best known for the extremely popular Lord Peter Wimsey mystery series, Sayers also penned a number of plays, including The Man Born to Be King, essays, and translations, of which she considered Dante s Divine Comedy to be her best. Sayers died in 1950, and is buried in St. Anne s Church in London.


text: On Wed, 9 Aug 2006 at 15:29:08 -0500, Cowdery, Thomas wrote: > I am considering using J in an introductory Java class that I teach. > I like to have my students use different editors through the course, > and J looks like a good starting point. > > One problem that I face is that my students will not have access to > the command prompt (network admin paranoia), so they cannot enter > commands like javac or java themselves. I like to have students > start with those basics before moving on to something that just lets > them compile/execute by pushing a button. In your Mode menu, there > are compile and recompile options which let them type the commands > in. That is the main reason I want to use J. While those options > can double as execute and reexecute, it would be handy if those were > seperate key mappings. Are execute/reexecute options there and I > just am overlooking them? I don't think there is an execute command in the sense you mean. (There is executeCommand, mapped to Alt X, but that executes editor commands, not external programs.) Apart from the no-access-to-the-command-prompt issue, I wouldn't recommend running programs that might hang or crash from within j, since there's not much you can do to recover if your program misbehaves (you can kill it from an external shell, of course, but that might not be possible if you don't have access to the command prompt). > Also, do you have any plans for a program Icon? I created the icon > for DrJava (another editor that I will use this year) and donated it > to the project. If you don't have one, I'd be happy to create one > and donate it. That helps identify the program in the Start menu > (for Windows or Linux). I've also created psuedo icons for Macs, but > they don't work the same way as Windows/Linux icons do. Folks have offered various icons over the years, but I don't plan to include an icon in the official distribution, so feel free to use whatever icon you want. -Peter