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|Message view
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|Jim Jagielski <...@jaguNET.com>
|Re: Apache Lounge
|Sat, 25 Aug 2007 13:07:36 GMT
Just to let people know: The list Steffen is referring to is moderated. As of this morning, I still have not seen the email he is referring to come in, nor have I seen it up for moderation. The reason there is no answer is because no one has seen the Email. I've requested to Steffen that he send the Email directly to me and I can forward it to the correct list. As of this date/time, he has not done so. Interpret all this however you wish. On Aug 24, 2007, at 5:44 AM, Steffen wrote: > I do not want to clutter this list. > > I am running the site http://www.apachelounge.com/ which is now > pulled down. > > Me was advised by a few members of this list to contact > email@example.com and/or firstname.lastname@example.com as the ASF official contact. > > I asked a few days ago both addresses to verify > www.apachelounge.com . > > Till now, I received no answer ? > > Steffen > >
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Contemporary art and independent film collide for five days in Carmel-by-the-Sea during the Carmel Art & Film Festival. The festival features art in almost every medium including music, fine art, photography and, of course, film. Events will be scattered throughout the artist's haven of Carmel-by-the-Sea with the Sunset Cultural Center as the hub for the event.
Art is one of the main focal point of this marquee event. Louisiana native George Rodrigue is 2013's featured artist who is most known for his Blue Dog paintings.
Over 100 films will be shown for four days straight beginning Thursday, October 10th. Film categories include narrative features, documentaries, shorts and student films. Venues include the Sunset Center, the Cherry Center for the Arts and the Carmel High School Performing Arts Center. On Saturday, don't forget to bring the entire family for a special screening on beautiful Carmel Beach
Day Passes can be purchased for $53.75 and includes film screenings that begin before 5pm. All Access Film Passes can be purchased for $102.13 and include all film screenings and "Conversations and Encounters" workshop series.
Trace Adkins
Three Dog Night
"Serenade" at the Sunset
Stephen Sands
Stephen Sands
Mozart's Idomeneo
Bach and the Violin
Bach and the Guitar
Anderson and Roe Piano Duo
A Mighty Fortress: Bach Ins...
Coffee With Bach: A Morning...
Best of the Fest
Boete Wine, Cheese and Choc...
Celebrate The Classics
The Quail A Motorsports Gat...
Women in the Word Bible Study
BirchBark Foundation @ Knap...
Celebration Choir Annual Sp...
Bruce Guynn & Big Rain
Jeremiah and the Red Eyes
The Roamies
National Pinot Noir Day!
"Welcoming the Prancing Sta...
PNP at McIntyre Vineyard
Sorry, you missed Carmel Art and Film Festival at Sunset Center.
Demand that Sunset Center gets added to the next tour!Demand it!
Sorry, you missed Carmel Art and Film Festival at Sunset Center.
Demand that Carmel gets added to the next tour!Demand it!
You missed Carmel Art and Film Festival at Sunset Center.
We're generating custom event recommendations for you based on Carmel Art and Film Festival right now!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Buckeye Firearms
Arizona EZ Pawn
9421 W Bell Rd Ste 101, Sun City, AZ 85351
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Glendale Pawn and Jewelry
6548 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85301
- (623) 335-7453
MMP Guns
1152 E Indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014
- (602) 638-3572
Bear Mountain
899 E Southern Ave, Mesa, AZ 85204
- (480) 632-6876
16th St. Pawn
3046 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85016
- (602) 230-8693
Bear Arms Firearms & Accessories
10321 N Scottsdale Rd, Paradise Valley, AZ 85253
- (480) 447-9075
1. Quality Gun Works
Have done business with this store, he's honest, fair and willing to help find what people need and act as a proper and legal middleman for internet…
12439 S. 188th AvenueBuckeye, AZ 85326
From Business: WE ARE YOUR LOCAL FIREARMS TRANSFER DEALER We Sell Guns, Ammo and all shooting accessories We guarentee we will give you individual customer service and make every …
3. Grayskull Armory
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4. Black Label Firearms
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From Business: Black Label Firearms LLC is a Level 2 Sot Dealing and servicing NFA weapons. ALL NFA RULES APPLY! $15 SHIPPING ON ALL FIREARMS THRU FEBRUARY!!! Items on website do …
5. Pawn1st Pawn & Title Loan Centers
6. Arnzen Arms
Largest selection, best prices and friendliest staff of any gun shop I have ever been to. The dogs that hang around the shop and pretty awesome too…
7. Mo Money Pawn
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From Business: WE DO NOT BUY OUTSIDE OF ARIZONA. WE ONLY SELL OUTSIDE OF ARIZONA, Mo Money Pawn is not only family owned and operated, it is also Arizona's Largest Pawn Shop! We a…
8. CFK Cutlery
Serving the Buckeye Area.
From Business: CFK Cutlery Co. is a privately owned Knife manufacturer for the CFK and iPak Survival Brands, and was founded in 2005, to ensure the highest quality knives are made…
9. FNA Firearms
10222 N. 43rd Ave. Suite 2Glendale, AZ 85302
From Business: We are a small firearm business, we carry everything from handguns, shotguns, and rifle. We also carry a few accessories. Come on by and check out the shop
10. JRP Firearms
Awesome customer service. Great prices and the best gun store I have ever been to in Arizona.
11. Arizona Six Shooters
Surprise, AZ 85379
12. Mac Arms LLC
Surprise, AZ 85374
From Business: Shooting for the best price, service, and experience, Mac Arms LLC hits the bullseye with over 30,000 products to offer, a very stylish, easy to use and navigate, w…
13. Clay Clips by JBH SOLUTIONS
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15. GOE Gun Works - DuraCoat Refinisher
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From Business: We are Arizona's Certified DuraCoat Refinisher. From Digital Camo to Pink Sparkle, GOE Gun Works can turn your favorite firearm, paintball marker, or airsoft giving…
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18. Got Ammo
3673 S Bullard Ave # 120Goodyear, AZ 85338
From Business: We Provide a full line of Firearms, Ammunition & Reloading supplies at the lowest possible prices. Were also a dealer in NFA & Class III items, Suppressors, Short B…
19. Vidor Tactical
18535 W Oregon AveLitchfield Park, AZ 85340
20. Azfirearms
Your page is cute, if that is what you want; I however was looking for a gun shop closed to home than Phx.,Az.. Your ad seems more like a picture bo…
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Not doing business with them again: Find out why I got onto Craigslist to purchase a Planer. Craigslist said the Planer was in "excellent conditi…
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Stay away, trust me. Nothing but a bunch of scammers hiking interest
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From Business: Arizona Firearms and Pawn is one of Arizona's oldest gun shops. Our location has been going strong for 40 years and we are not slowing down. We sell new and used fi…
30. Glendale Pawn and Jewelry
Such an awesome shop. The customer service is amazing.


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Spring Camp Programs
Cub Scout Programs
Day Camp at Baiting Hollow Scout Camp is the perfect way for your kids to spend their school recess. Don't let you Scouts spend the entire vacation laying around playing video games! Enroll them in the Winter Day Camp program at Baiting Hollow Scout Camp and let them enjoy indoor and outdoor activities, arts & crafts, rank specific elective adventures, and much more! Their days will be active, fun, and filled with memorable moments shared with new friends. The program runs from 8:30am to 4:00 pm with early drop off and late pick up provided at no additional charge. Hot lunch and snack will be served every day and is included in the price.
For more information about Winter Day Camp at Baiting Hollow please take a look at our Frequently Asked Questions
Sign up for Spring Resident Camp April 25-29
Boy Scout Programs
There will be merit badge classes and open time activities. Scouts will stay in cabins. All meals will be prepared and served in the Dining Hall. The Trading Post will be stocked with snacks, merit badge books, Scouting items and camp souvenirs.
Merit Badges planned for 2016 will be posted here on or about March 1, 2016.
Space is limited and will be filled on a first-come, first-served basis. Please register early.


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Bid placed 8/18/2014 4:02 PM CST
Expires 24 hours after auction ends (8/28/2014 5:36 PM CST)
Bid placed 8/18/2014 2:40 PM CST
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Be sure to verify your DOT number to see if the information on file matches these requirements.
Brokers aren't allowed to book this shipment.
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categories & filters
All beauty
- electronics
- hair & body care
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Filterclear all
The Wet Brush
Just Shine Nail Starter Kit
Free Shipping with no minimum purchase is valid at www.shopjustice.com now through 07/27/2016 at 5:29 AM ET. Eligibility for discount based on order total excluding charges for taxes, shipping and handling. Shipping offers apply to standard shipping & handling in the 48 contiguous United States. Valid on in-stock items only. Additional shipping surcharges apply to certain items due to size, weight or special handling.


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java packages tutorials download jDZ5 free file
== Search results for java packages tutorials ==
Searched file: java packages tutorials
*Filename: java packages tutorials.zip
*Year: 2015
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*Uploaded: 02/23/2015 00:39:50
*Type: WinZip
*Supported OS: All
== Searches related to java packages tutorials: ==
02/23/2015 00:39:50
Introduction. Many times when we get a chance to work on a small project, one thing we intend to do is to put all java files into one single directory.This beginner Java tutorial describes fundamentals of programming in the Java programming languageThis beginner Java tutorial describes fundamentals of programming in the Java programming languageJava Packages - Learning Java in simple and easy steps : A beginner's tutorial containing complete knowledge of Java Syntax Object Oriented Language, Methods ...This tutorial explains Java packages, what they are, how to create your own packages, how to put classes into packages and how to reference the classes again.Java.lang package tutorial and reference - All the classes, interfaces, enumrations and exceptions have been explained with examples for beginners to advanced java ...A Java package is a mechanism for organizing Java classes into namespaces similar to the modules of Modula, providing modular programming in Java. Java packages …The Java File Operations. Interfaces and classes for dealing with files and other I/O types are in the java.io package. An interface is a class that contains abstract ...This beginner Java tutorial describes fundamentals of programming in the Java programming languageThis tutorial covers how to use the core classes in Java IO together, and covers all the core IO classes separately too.
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General Message Board
you are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the posts
Let's talk about DIRTY MCLAREN TRICK
So you think Ferrari shouldn't be concerned "Moaning" about the 700 pages of technical data found in the possession of one Mclaren chief technical director? What would Ron Dennis or Flavio Briatore do if the roles were reversed and they found Ferrari's Chief TD in possession of their technical data? Do you believe they would simply ignore it?Sort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
Now that McLaren have been found innocent of any wrong doing I dare say this board will be inundated with protests from Ferrari fans.
Farrari must be pig sick that they have not managed to get rid of their rivals, now they will have to think of something else to try and bring McLaren down!!!
Nigel Stepney says he is ready to name names to prove his innocence too...I can't wait for the outcome of his meeting with the FIA.
If Stepney and Cougan are found guilty then they deserve harsh penalties
- 4 Replies to Chas
A Yahoo! User Jul 27, 2007 07:13 Flag
What will ferrari try next to discredit a rival as a excuse for there performance and team going backwards?
If Stepney @ Cougan are found guilty wat should happen to MCLAREN. Perhaps they are above suspition due to fact that they are british.


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Chicago, ILUSA
Hometown: Rochester, NY
August 28, 2012
I love to play sports recreationally and don't get too competitive. I like all the choices S3 has to offer.
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I have had several people email me telling me that they are not allowed to leave comments on my site. They keep getting the error message Java Script not enabled. I have even tried to leave a comment and I keep getting the same error. I have tired leaving a comment with IE9, Chrome, FireFox, Safari, and Opera. I kept getting the same error message. Any suggestions on what the problem is or how to fix it.
The Bunny's Review


text:
Chandos Anthems
|CDN$ 54.77 & FREE Shipping. Details
Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought
Product Details
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Track Listings
|Disc: 1
|1. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 1: O Be Joyful In The Lord - Sonata
|2. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 1: O Be Joyful In The Lord
|3. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 1: Serve The Lord With Gladness
|4. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 1: Be Ye Sure That The Lord He Is God
|5. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 1: O Go Your Way Into His Gates
See all 24 tracks on this disc
|Disc: 2
|1. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 4: Sonata
|2. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 4: O Sing Unto The Lord A New Song!
|3. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 4: Declare His Honour Unto The Heathen
|4. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 4: The Waves Of The Sea Rage Horribly
|5. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 4: O Worship The Lord In The Beauty Of Holiness
See all 22 tracks on this disc
|Disc: 3
|1. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 7: 1: Sonata
|2. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 7: 2: My Song Shall Be Alway
|3. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 7: 3: For Who Is He Among The Clouds
|4. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 7: 4: God Is Very Greatly To Be Feared
|5. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 7: 5: The Heav'ns Are Thine
See all 25 tracks on this disc
|Disc: 4
|1. Chandos Anthems: Anthem 10: The Lord Is My Light - Sinfonia
|2. Chandos Anthems: The Lord Is My Light And My Salvation
|3. Chandos Anthems: Though A Host Of Men Were Laid Against Me
|4. Chandos Anthems: One Thing Have I Desired Of The Lord
|5. Chandos Anthems: I Will Offer In His Dwelling An Oblation
See all 15 tracks on this disc
Product Description
This series of 11 church anthems is a sterling example of doing more with less. Though their format is multiple movements for soloists, chorus, and orchestra, inviting grand treatment, Handel had available only a couple of oboes and a small string band and choir (with no violas or altos for numbers 1 to 6). Yet each one of these anthems is a gem. Handel's music captures well the changing moods of the Psalm texts--from somber penitence to serene bliss to infectious joy to the raging of storms and seas. Though James Bowman's arias lie uncomfortably low for him, he and Michael George do fine work; Lynne Dawson, Patrizia Kwella, and Ian Partridge are delightful. Harry Christophers leads his choir and orchestra in subtly inflected and beautifully paced performances. --Matthew Westphal
Customer Reviews
Top Customer Reviews
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The Sixteen were already known to me in Handel from their fine Samson. However I have just been admiring them on their own in Palestrina, and I had to hear them in Handel again, because for me Handel is simply the greatest stylist of the voice who ever set words to music. It was also an opportunity to acquire and study the Chandos anthems as a complete set. Most of the music goes to the chorus, but there is plenty of solo and ensemble work, with the tenor having the lion's share. They seem to me to differ from Bach's cantatas not only in having their focus strongly concentrated on the voices rather than on instruments but also in having greater internal unity. Cantatas are to set texts for specific liturgical occasions, and are a string of separate `numbers'. As I understand it, the composer could assemble his own text for an anthem, and these anthems are units that break down into smaller subdivisions. Indeed the first anthem does not seem to me to subdivide in any way at all after the orchestral introduction, although there are breaks at six other points. Except for #9, where the first chorus has a lengthy `integral' prelude, each is preceded by a short `sonata' in slow-quick format - this is called a `sinfonia' at anthem 10, a distinction with no difference that I can detect. Arias, or detached solos and ensembles if arias is not the right word, are without da capo repetitions, and there is very little in the way of recitatives or accompagnati.
The chorus here are as superb as elsewhere, the modest but important orchestral parts are immaculate, the recording from 20 years ago is fine basically, and I like the soloists without exception. Right at the start of the first anthem Partridge is recorded in disconcertingly close focus with, as luck would have it, a long sustained `O' that will test how well you like his tone. It suits me fine, the focus adjusts almost immediately, and surely he is both a great singer and a great artist. That said, the performance calls for no more comment. The Sixteen do very well indeed, of course, in conveying depth and strength of tone even in 3-part writing - but whose is the true credit for that? Beecham tells us, if we even need telling: there has been no music since Handel's time that even feebly rivals his for grandeur and build of choral tone. However there is another aspect to Handel's vocal writing that seems to me at least as important, and one that receives less notice. I may call it the vocal rhetoric. By this I do not mean the `effects', although there are a few of those even here. The `snares fire and brimstone' of the second anthem are not treated pictorially, more as just a musical exclamation at such phenomena. However the earthquake and the thunder in #10 are spectacular to this day, I can almost literally see the lightning, and it was surely the capacity to do this kind of thing with such slender resources that led Mozart to say that Handel was the master of them all. Still, I come back to it - there is a deeper characteristic to Handel's musical rhetoric.
Listen attentively to the word-setting just as a technique. Observe the resourcefulness in the matter of repetition, with the musical phrases constantly varied and often the words repeated to different music entirely. Note the combining of phrases, the shortening, the rearrangements, and the associated stylistic features like the changes of pace, stops and starts, and irregular phrase-lengths. It is something entirely without parallel. It takes word-setting out of the ordinary realm of finding music that will express the mood and reflect the spoken rhythm of the words. Speech is no longer what governs this musical utterance, the utterance has become the province of a purely musical design.
This is all done with haughty ease and naturalness, and it was the kind of thing that led Haydn, on his last triumphant visit to London and at the height of his own great powers, to lament that Handel made him feel a novice. Understand this aspect of Handel's style and you will understand his melody better too. Hanslick, superficial as usual, deplored the lack of a freer modern melodic idiom in Handel, and indeed it seems to me that the entire reaction against him, partly caused by travesties in performance and partly by the appalling oratorio tradition that purported to be his legacy, led to the European musical culture as a whole losing contact with his special idiom and excellence. Tovey for one keeps talking about `Bach and Handel' when all he means is Bach. Beethoven had different ideas, and now that a generation or two has emerged from this era of heresy perhaps we can hear Handel with purified ears and begin to appreciate why Beethoven pronounced him the greatest composer who ever lived.


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Respiratory system
|Respiratory system
A complete, schematic view of the human respiratory system with their parts and functions.
|systema respiratorium
|Anatomical terminology
The respiratory system (called also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.
In air-breathing vertebrates like human beings, respiration takes place in the respiratory organs called lungs. The passage of air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation, and the passage of air out of the lungs to expel carbon dioxide is known as exhalation; this process is collectively called breathing or ventilation. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs.[1]
In fish and many invertebrates, respiration takes place through the gills. Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on the undersides of leaves known as stomata.[2]
- 1 Comparative anatomy and physiology
- 2 Anatomy in invertebrates
- 3 Physiology in mammals
- 4 Development
- 5 Disease
- 6 Plants
- 7 Foot note
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Comparative anatomy and physiology
Horses are obligate nasal breathers which means that they are different from many other mammals because they do not have the option of breathing through their mouths and must take in oxygen through their noses.
The elephant is the only animal known to have no pleural space. Rather, the parietal and visceral pleura are both composed of dense connective tissue and joined to each other via loose connective tissue.[3] This lack of a pleural space, along with an unusually thick diaphragm, are thought to be evolutionary adaptations allowing the elephant to remain underwater for long periods of time while breathing through its trunk which emerges as a snorkel.[4]
The respiratory system of birds differs significantly from that found in mammals, containing unique anatomical features such as air sacs. The lungs of birds also do not have the capacity to inflate as birds lack a diaphragm and a pleural cavity. Gas exchange in birds occurs between air capillaries and blood capillaries, rather than in alveoli.
The anatomical structure of the lungs is less complex in reptiles than in mammals, with reptiles lacking the very extensive airway tree structure found in mammalian lungs. Gas exchange in reptiles still occurs in alveoli however, reptiles do not possess a diaphragm. Thus, breathing occurs via a change in the volume of the body cavity which is controlled by contraction of intercostal muscles in all reptiles except turtles. In turtles, contraction of specific pairs of flank muscles governs inspiration or expiration.[5]
Both the lungs and the skin serve as respiratory organs in amphibians. The skin of these animals is highly vascularized and moist, with moisture maintained via secretion of mucus from specialized cells. While the lungs are of primary importance to breathing control, the skin's unique properties aid rapid gas exchange when amphibians are submerged in oxygen-rich water.[6]
In most fish, respiration takes place through gills. (See also aquatic respiration.) Lungfish, however, do possess one or two lungs. The labyrinth fish have developed a special organ that allows them to take advantage of the oxygen of the air.
Anatomy in invertebrates
Some species of crab use a respiratory organ called a branchiostegal lung.[7] Its gill tissue is formed so as to increase the surface area and the lung is more suited to taking oxygen from the air than from water. Some of the smallest spiders and mites can breathe simply by exchanging gas through the surface of the body. Larger spiders, scorpions and other arthropods use a primitive book lung.
Most insects breath passively through their spiracles (special openings in the exoskeleton) and the air reaches the body by means of a series of smaller and smaller pipes called 'trachaea' when their diameter is relatively large and 'tracheoles' when their diameter is very small. Diffusion of gases is effective over small distances but not over larger ones, this is one of the reasons insects are all relatively small. Insects which do not have spiracles and trachaea, such as some Collembola, breathe directly through their skins, also by diffusion of gases.[8] The number of spiracles an insect has is variable between species, however they always come in pairs, one on each side of the body, and usually one per segment. Some of the Diplura have eleven, with four pairs on the thorax, but in most of the ancient forms of insects, such as Dragonflies and Grasshoppers there are two thoracic and eight abdominal spiracles. However, in most of the remaining insects there are less. It is at this level of the tracheoles that oxygen is delivered to the cells for respiration. The trachea are water-filled due to the permeable membrane of the surrounding tissues. During exercise, the water level retracts due to the increase in concentration of lactic acid in the muscle cells. This lowers the water potential and the water is drawn back into the cells via osmosis and air is brought closer to the muscle cells. The diffusion pathway is then reduced and gases can be transferred more easily.
Insects were once believed to exchange gases with the environment continuously by the simple diffusion of gases into the tracheal system. More recently, however, large variation in insect ventilatory patterns have been documented and insect respiration appears to be highly variable. Some small insects do demonstrate continuous respiration and may lack muscular control of the spiracles. Others, however, utilize muscular contraction of the abdomen along with coordinated spiracle contraction and relaxation to generate cyclical gas exchange patterns and to reduce water loss into the atmosphere. The most extreme form of these patterns is termed discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC).[9]
Molluscs generally possess gills that allow exchange of oxygen from an aqueous environment into the circulatory system. These animals also possess a heart that pumps blood which contains hemocyaninine as its oxygen-capturing molecule. Hence, this respiratory system is similar to that of vertebrate fish. The respiratory system of gastropods can include either gills or a lung.
Physiology in mammals
In respiratory physiology, the ventilation rate is the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lung. It is categorized under the following definitions:
|Minute ventilation
|tidal volume * respiratory rate[1][2]
|the total volume of gas entering the lungs per minute.
|Alveolar ventilation
|(tidal volume – dead space) * respiratory rate [1]
|the volume of gas per unit time that reaches the alveoli, the respiratory portions of the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
|Dead space ventilation
|dead space * respiratory rate[3]
|the volume of gas per unit time that does not reach these respiratory portions, but instead remains in the airways (trachea, bronchi, etc.).
Ventilation occurs via the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pons of the brainstem. These areas of the brain form a series of interconnected brain cells within the lower and middle brain stem which receive information about the arterial partial pressure of oxygen () and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (). This information determines the average medium term rate of ventilation of the alveoli of the lungs, to keep the arterial and constant. The respiratory center does so via motor neurons which activate the skeletal muscles of respiration (in particular the diaphragm). Sections through the medulla oblongata and pons suggest that the respiratory center consists of a pneumotaxic center, an apneustic center, and a dorsal and ventral respiratory groups . This latter group is especially sensitive during infancy, and the neurons can be destroyed if the infant is dropped and/or shaken violently. The result can be death due to "shaken baby syndrome".[10]
The breathing rate increases when the in the blood increases. This is detected by peripheral chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery and central chemoreceptors in the medulla. Exercise also increases the respiratory rate, due to the action of proprioceptors, an increase in body temperature, the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands, and from motor impulses originating from the brain.[11] Information received from stretch receptors in the lungs limits tidal volume (i.e. the depth of inhalation and exhalation).
Inhalation is initiated by the diaphragm and supported by the external intercostal muscles. Normal resting respirations are 10 to 18 breaths per minute, with a time period of 2 seconds. During vigorous inhalation (at rates exceeding 35 breaths per minute), or in approaching respiratory failure, accessory muscles of respiration are recruited for support. These consist of sternocleidomastoid, platysma, and the scalene muscles of the neck. Pectoral muscles and latissimus dorsi are also accessory muscles.
Under normal conditions, the diaphragm is the primary driver of inhalation. When the diaphragm contracts, the ribcage expands and the contents of the abdomen are moved downward. This results in a larger thoracic volume and negative pressure (with respect to atmospheric pressure) inside the thorax. As the pressure in the chest falls, air moves into the conducting zone. Here, the air is filtered, warmed, and humidified as it flows to the lungs.
During forced inhalation, as when taking a deep breath, the external intercostal muscles and accessory muscles aid in further expanding the thoracic cavity. During inhalation the diaphragm contracts.
Exhalation is generally a passive process; however, active or forced exhalation is achieved by the abdominal and the internal intercostal muscles. During this process air is forced or exhaled out.
The lungs have a natural elasticity: as they recoil from the stretch of inhalation, air flows back out until the pressures in the chest and the atmosphere reach equilibrium.[12]
During forced exhalation, as when blowing out a candle, expiratory muscles including the abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles, generate abdominal and thoracic pressure, which forces air out of the lungs.
Gas exchange
The major function of the respiratory system is the equilibration of the blood gases with those in the alveolar air. The lungs of an average person at rest, and breathing normally contain between about 2.5 and 3 liters of air. This semi-stagnant volume of air[nb 1] that always remains in the lung alveoli after a normal exhalation is termed the functional residual capacity.[13] With each breath only about 350 ml (i.e. less than 15%) of this alveolar air is expelled into the ambient air to be replaced with the same volume of fresh, but moistened, atmospheric air. It is therefore obvious that the composition of the alveolar air (or functional residual capacity) changes very little under normal circumstances: the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen () remains very close to 105 mmHg (14 kPa), and that of carbon dioxide () varies minimally from 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa) throughout the respiratory cycle (of inhalation and exhalation).[13] The corresponding partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ambient (dry) air at sea level are 160 mmHg (21 kPa) and 0.3 mmHg (0.04 kPa) respectively.[13]
This marked difference between the composition of the alveolar air and that of the ambient air can be maintained because the functional residual capacity is contained in a dead-end sac connected to the outside air by a fairly narrow and relatively long tube (the airways: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and their branches down to the bronchioles). This anatomy and the fact that the lungs are not emptied and re-inflated with each breath, provides the animal with a very special portable atmosphere, whose composition differs significantly from the present-day ambient air.[14] It is this portable atmosphere (the functional residual capacity) to which the blood and therefore the body tissues are exposed - not to the outside air.
All the blood returning from the body tissues to the right side of the heart flows through the pulmonary capillaries before being pumped around the body again. On its passage through the lungs the blood comes into close contact with the alveolar air, separated from it by a very thin diffusion membrane which is only about 0.5 μm thick.[13] The gas pressures in the blood will therefore rapidly equilibrate with those in the alveoli, ensuring that the arterial blood that circulates to all the tissues throughout the body has an oxygen tension of 105 mmHg (14 kPa), and a carbon dioxide tension of 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa). These arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide are homeostatically controlled. A rise in the arterial , and, to a lesser extent, a fall in the arterial , will reflexly cause deeper and faster breathing till the blood gas tension return to normal. The converse happens when the carbon dioxide tension falls, or, again to a lesser extent, the oxygen tension rises: the rate and depth of breathing are reduced till blood gas normality is restored.
Since the blood arriving in the pulmonary capillaries has a of, on average, 45 mmHg (6 kPa), while the pressure in the alveolar air is 105 mmHg, there will be a net diffusion of oxygen into the capillary blood, changing the composition of the 3 liters of alveolar air slightly. Similarly, since the blood arriving in the pulmonary capillaries has a of also about 45 mmHg, whereas that of the alveolar air is 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa), there is a net movement of carbon dioxide out of the capillaries into the alveoli. The changes brought about by these flows of individual gases into and out of the functional residual capacity necessitate the replacement of about 15% of the alveolar air with ambient air every 5 seconds or so. This is very tightly controlled not only by the monitoring of the arterial blood gases (which accurately reflect composition of the alveolar air) by the aortic and carotid bodies, but also by oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors in the lungs, though the latter primarily determine the diameters of the bronchioles and pulmonary capillaries, and are therefore responsible for directing the flow of air and blood to different parts of the lungs.
It is only as a result of maintaining the composition of the 3 liters alveolar air that with each breath some carbon dioxide is discharged into the atmosphere and some oxygen is taken up from the outside air. If more carbon dioxide than usual has been lost by a short period of hyperventilation, respiration will be slowed down or halted until the alveolar has returned to 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa). It is therefore strictly speaking untrue that the primary function of the respiratory system is to rid the body of carbon dioxide "waste". The carbon dioxide that is breathed out with each breath could probably be more correctly be seen as a byproduct of the body's extracellular fluid carbon dioxide and pH homeostats
If these homeostats are compromised, then a respiratory acidosis, or a respiratory alkalosis will occur. In the long run these can be compensated by renal adjustments to the H+ and HCO3- concentrations in the plasma; but since this takes time, the hyperventilation syndrome can, for instance, occur when agitation or anxiety cause a person to breathe fast and deeply thus causing a distressing respiratory alkalosis through the blowing off of too much CO2 from the blood into the outside air.
Immune functions
Airway epithelial cells can secrete a variety of molecules that aid in the defense of lungs. Secretory immunoglobulins (IgA), collectins (including Surfactant A and D), defensins and other peptides and proteases, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species are all generated by airway epithelial cells. These secretions can act directly as antimicrobials to help keep the airway free of infection. Airway epithelial cells also secrete a variety of chemokines and cytokines that recruit the traditional immune cells and others to site of infections.
Most of the respiratory system is lined with mucous membranes that contain mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue, which produces white blood cells such as lymphocytes.
Metabolic and endocrine functions of the lungs
In addition to their functions in gas exchange, the lungs have a number of metabolic functions. They manufacture surfactant for local use, as noted above. They also contain a fibrinolytic system that lyses clots in the pulmonary vessels. They release a variety of substances that enter the systemic arterial blood and they remove other substances from the systemic venous blood that reach them via the pulmonary artery. Prostaglandins are removed from the circulation, but they are also synthesized in the lungs and released into the blood when lung tissue is stretched. The lungs also activate one hormone; the physiologically inactive decapeptide angiotensin I is converted to the pressor, aldosterone-stimulating octapeptide angiotensin II in the pulmonary circulation. The reaction occurs in other tissues as well, but it is particularly prominent in the lungs. Large amounts of the angiotensin-converting enzyme responsible for this activation are located on the surface of the endothelial cells of the pulmonary capillaries. The converting enzyme also inactivates bradykinin. Circulation time through the pulmonary capillaries is less than one second, yet 70% of the angiotensin I reaching the lungs is converted to angiotensin II in a single trip through the capillaries. Four other peptidases have been identified on the surface of the pulmonary endothelial cells.
The movement of gas through the larynx, pharynx and mouth allows humans to speak, or phonate. Vocalization, or singing, in birds occurs via the syrinx, an organ located at the base of the trachea. The vibration of air flowing across the larynx (vocal cords), in humans, and the syrinx, in birds, results in sound. Because of this, gas movement is extremely vital for communication purposes.
Temperature control
Panting in dogs, cats and some other animals provides a means of controlling body temperature. This physiological response is used as a cooling mechanism.
Coughing and sneezing
Irritation of nerves within the nasal passages or airways, can induce a cough reflex and sneezing. These responses cause air to be expelled forcefully from the trachea or nose, respectively. In this manner, irritants caught in the mucus which lines the respiratory tract are expelled or moved to the mouth where they can be swallowed. During coughing, contraction of the smooth muscle narrows the trachea by pulling the ends of the cartilage plates together and by pushing soft tissue out into the lumen. This increases the expired airflow rate to dislodge and remove any irritant particle or mucus.
Humans and mammals
The respiratory system lies dormant in the human fetus during pregnancy. At birth, the respiratory system becomes fully functional upon exposure to air, although some lung development and growth continues throughout childhood.[15] Pre-term birth can lead to infants with under-developed lungs. These lungs show incomplete development of the alveolar type II cells, cells that produce surfactant. The lungs of pre-term infants may not function well because the lack of surfactant leads to increased surface tension within the alveoli. Thus, many alveoli collapse such that no gas exchange can occur within some or most regions of an infant's lungs, a condition termed respiratory distress syndrome. Basic scientific experiments, carried out using cells from chicken lungs, support the potential for using steroids as a means of furthering development of type II alveolar cells.[16] In fact, once a pre-mature birth is threatened, every effort is made to delay the birth, and a series of steroid shots is frequently administered to the mother during this delay in an effort to promote lung growth.[17]
Disorders of the respiratory system can be classified into four general areas:
- Obstructive conditions (e.g., emphysema, bronchitis, asthma)
- Restrictive conditions (e.g., fibrosis, sarcoidosis, alveolar damage, pleural effusion)
- Vascular diseases (e.g., pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension)
- Infectious, environmental and other "diseases" (e.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis, asbestosis, particulate pollutants):
Coughing is of major importance, as it is the body's main method to remove dust, mucus, saliva, and other debris from the lungs. Inability to cough can lead to infection. Deep breathing exercises may help keep finer structures of the lungs clear from particulate matter, etc.
The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to microbes due to the extensive surface area, which is why the respiratory system includes many mechanisms to defend itself and prevent pathogens from entering the body.
Disorders of the respiratory system are usually treated internally by a pulmonologist and Respiratory Therapist.
Plants use carbon dioxide gas in the process of photosynthesis, and exhale oxygen gas as waste. The chemical equation of photosynthesis is 6 CO2 (carbon dioxide) and 6 H2O (water) and that makes 6 O2 (oxygen) and C6H12O6 (glucose). What is not expressed in the chemical equation is the capture of energy from sunlight which occurs. Photosynthesis uses electrons on the carbon atoms as the repository for that energy. Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis. It reclaims the energy to power chemical reactions in cells. In so doing the carbon atoms and their electrons are combined with oxygen forming a gas which is easily removed from both the cells and the organism. Plants use both processes, photosynthesis to capture the energy and respiration to use it.
Plant respiration is limited by the process of diffusion. Plants take in carbon dioxide through holes on the undersides of their leaves known as stoma or pores. However, most plants require little air.[citation needed] Most plants have relatively few living cells outside of their surface because air (which is required for metabolic content) can penetrate only skin deep. However, most plants are not involved in highly aerobic activities, and thus have no need of these living cells.
Foot note
- ^ Although the functional residual capacity is described here as a "semi-stagnant" volume of air, this is only true in the sense that a lake of water with a small inlet and outlet seems "stagnant" compared with the rest of river. In the case of the "functional residual capacity" the entire volume of trapped air (or the "lake" in the river analogy) is always thoroughly mixed with the incoming inhaled air. This is brought about by the microscopic subdivisions of the "functional residual capacity" into many billions of smaller, minute air sacs, the alveoli, into which the inhaled air enters turbulently. Under normal circumstances the "functional residual capacity" is far from "stagnant" but always represents a thoroughly stirred large volume of the stored air with a small amount of diluted (with water vapor) fresh inhaled air, after each in-breath.
- ^ Maton, Anthea; Hopkins, Jean Susan; Johnson, Charles William; McLaughlin, Maryanna Quon; Warner, David; LaHart Wright, Jill (2010). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. pp. 108–118. ISBN 0134234359.
- ^ West, John B. Respiratory physiology-- the essentials. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1–10. ISBN 0-683-08937-4.
- ^ West, John B.; Ravichandran (1993). "Snorkel breathing in the elephant explains the unique anatomy of its pleura". Respiration Physiology 126 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00203-1. PMID 11311306.
- ^ West, John B. (2002). "Why doesn't the elephant have a pleural space?". News Physiol Sci 17: 47–50. PMID 11909991.
- ^ Respiratory system. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Gottlieb, G; Jackson DC (1976). "Importance of pulmonary ventilation in respiratory control in the bullfrog". Am J Physiol 230 (3): 608–13. PMID 4976.
- ^ J. Halperin, M. Ansaldo, G. N. Pellerano & C. M. Luquet (2000). "Bimodal breathing in the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus Dana 1851 — physiological and morphological studies". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 126 (3): 341–349. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00216-6. PMID 10964029.
- ^ The Earth Life Web, Insect Morphology and Anatomy. Earthlife.net. Retrieved on 2013-04-21.
- ^ Lighton, JRB (January 1996). "Discontinuous gas exchange in insects". Annu Rev Entomology 41: 309–324. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.001521.
- ^ The combination of a crying baby and a frustrated parent or caregiver CAN BE DEADLY. Saskatchewan Prevention Institute. usask.ca.
- ^ "Respiration". Harvey Project. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
- ^ A simple model of how the lungs are inflated can be built from a bell jar
- ^ a b c d Tortora, Gerard J.; Anagnostakos, Nicholas P. (1987). Principles of anatomy and physiology (Fifth ed.). New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. pp. 570–572. ISBN 0-06-350729-3.
- ^ Lovelock, James (1991). Healing Gaia: Practical medicine for the Planet. New York: Harmony Books. pp. 21–34, 73–88. ISBN 0-517-57848-4.
- ^ Michelle, Julia (March 7, 2011). "How Do Babies Breathe in the Womb?".
- ^ Sullivan, LC; Orgeig, S (2001). "Dexamethasone and epinephrine stimulate surfactant secretion in type II cells of embryonic chickens". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 281 (3): R770–7. PMID 11506991.
- ^ Premature Babies, Lung Development & Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pregnancy-facts.com.
External links
|The Wikibook Human Physiology has a page on the topic of: The respiratory system
|The Wikibook Anatomy and Physiology of Animals has a page on the topic of: Respiratory System
- A high school level description of the respiratory system
- Introduction to Respiratory System
- Science aid: Respiratory System A simple guide for high school students
- The Respiratory System University level (Microsoft Word document)
- Lectures in respiratory physiology by noted respiratory physiologist John B. West (also at YouTube)
|Library resources about
Respiratory system


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A Globe and Mail Best Book
"Luminous. . . . Alone in the Classroom is meant to be read slowly, or even better, read twice. The story that unfolds, replete with poetry and punishment, passionate entanglements and incestuous love, is even richer and more rewarding the second time around."
—Globe and Mail
"Gripping. . . . A multilayered tale, the novel is at once a love story, a murder mystery and a journey into the darkest chambers of the human heart. Transcendent prose. . . . [Hay] conveys masterfully the complex power plays of the classroom."
—Ottawa Citizen
From the Hardcover edition.
About the Author
ELIZABETH HAY is the author of the Scotiabank Giller Prize-winning novel Late Nights On Air as well as three other award-winning works of fiction, Small Change, A Student of Weather, and Garbo Laughs. Formerly a radio broadcaster, she has spent time in Mexico and New York City, and now lives in Ottawa.
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Top Customer Reviews
This tragedy unfolds not in isolation, but connects gradually to a confluence of other markers in the history of the Flood family, and the land, and culminates in an unbearably beautiful graveyard scene that encompasses various strands and prongs of multi-generational lives.
"You touch a place and thousands of miles away another place quivers. You touch a person and down the line the ghosts of relatives move in the wind."
Historian and writer Anne Flood takes a back seat in the first two-thirds of the novel, relating the story of her fiercely independent aunt and schoolteacher, Connie Flood, a woman of "unzipped, risqué fun." This also signals the incipient events of Connie's family commingling with Anne's. And at the library, Anne stumbles across some facets of history that have fallen into the crevices of time.
"...a child discovers something the parent has neglected to tell her and brings it into view again, naming it and locating it and establishing its importance." And this is the thematic thrust of the novel.
Sentient life is thickly threaded with the landscape, from the fertile marshland to the ripe vegetation, the narrow dirt roads and woody smells of childhood, the wide flat rocks and wildflowers, the dry and liquid movement of the seasons.Read more ›
An excellent book! Though a hard one to describe. The plot has many layers and is meandering to the point where it is not exactly what drives the book. The book is most certainly character driven and the relationships between these characters are what propels the story along. The story covers the time period from 1929 to 2008 and focuses on one Connie Flood, a school teacher, journalist, traveler; a woman of independence who takes lovers as she wants them and lives life to its fullest according to her small needs though she has a large presence. The book is told from the point of view of Connie's niece, who is telling the story from the first person, looking back telling a tale of which she is omniscient from each individual character's thoughts and feelings. This pov was hard to get used to, I must admit. The narrator only appears in the beginnings of the story a few times and when the word "I" is used I found it confusing to remember that "I" was not Connie but the narrator, Anne. This becomes more clear a little over half way through the book when Anne actually becomes a character in the story but then the flipping from near past to far past with this continued point of view still felt unusual to me. Now, it's not that I was totally annoyed with the pov, it was just hard to remember who was telling the tale, and it did slow down my reading speed.
The characters and their relationships, mostly triangles, are what make this book such an enticing, intense read.Read more ›
The novel opens with one of several disturbing and tragic events: One day in August 1937, thirteen-year-old Ethel Weir wandered off by herself to pick chokecherries that grew abundantly in the brush at the edge of the woods near her home in the Ottawa Valley. By sunset she was found, viciously murdered. Many years later, Anne, the first-person story teller, has returned to the town, the place of her mother's childhood, to retrace what happened that day and in the weeks and months that followed. "Stories from her past draw me on", she muses.Read more ›
Most recent customer reviews
Elizabeth falls a little short with this novel as I expected it to be as good as Late Nights On Air. Read morePublished 8 months ago by StickyBunz
Hay does a masterful job weaving the various strands of three generations of the Flood family as it moves across the Canadian landscape through eight decades of history that... Read morePublished 22 months ago by Ian Gordon Malcomson
Came back to this author having read Late Nights a few years ago-
her writing insinuates into one's psyche and pervades
over the years. Read more
If you like her, you will enjoy the Canadiana writing. There was a time jump in the book that kind of made you scramble to sort things out but overall it's a very readable book.Published on May 16 2014 by Nancy
I didn't particularly like the style of writing in this book or the contents. It did not keep me reading to find out more.I did finish it but wasn't that impressed.Published on Nov. 25 2013 by Janice Darlington
This was going to be the 2nd book that I read by Elizabeth Hay. I read Late night on Air a few years ago and enjoyed it. Read morePublished on April 28 2013 by Pat the cat
It's not all that often anymore that I want, more than anything else, to start a review with "I LOVED this book!" or my other stock response, "Holy CRAP, this man/woman can write! Read morePublished on Oct. 3 2012 by Timothy J. Bazzett
I am a fan of Elizabeth Hay. She develops her characters so well that you feel you really know them. Read morePublished on Sept. 18 2012 by Lulu Adams
Found this a peculiar book. I felt confused some of the time, but still enjoyed it.Perhaps a more detailed summary would have helpedPublished on Aug. 2 2012 by liz


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Can the count results of named queries be cachced ? as far as I know, that caching is available only for objects that are instances of entities that you mention them in the ehcache.xml.
If I want to cache a named query that has a result of a number (count) or any data that are not mapped to an entity how can I do that ?
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|Reviews for The Way to His Heart
| smiley1852000 chapter 3 . 1/30/2008
I hate to do this lol
"I don't know kids remember." " doesn't make sense
just trying to help lol
| smiley1852000 chapter 3 . 1/30/2008
not to make spelling corrections but "Don't you want me her(e) liking it though, just some pointers
| smiley1852000 chapter 1 . 1/30/2008
just a quick correction I take it you two become found ( should be Fond) of Colby?"
| Tessa chapter 6 . 11/15/2006
Oh I love happy ends! Post another story, please? ... pretty please?
| HapaDoll chapter 6 . 11/14/2006
this whole story was really good..i'm not a fan of jo liking dean which she obviously does..so having this whole love triangle and have dean and colby be together is better..i liked the ending too..good jo b
| zeusfluff chapter 5 . 11/6/2006
Great chapters 3-5! I hope you continue with this as soon as you get the chance! Thanks so much, ~zeusfluff~
| Tessa chapter 5 . 11/6/2006
| tessa chapter 4 . 11/2/2006
More! More! More! Please. )
| Alyssa43 chapter 4 . 11/1/2006
I just started reading your story and i gotta say that I am hooked! Please update soon! I must know what happens!
| ChristineMichelle91 chapter 4 . 11/1/2006
I like keep going.
| LoveJeter chapter 3 . 11/1/2006
I finally had time to read this and HAHA I love jealous Jo! She's not getting Dean no matter what cause he's REALLY liking Colby! *evil smirk* Look forward to the next update.
| Tessa chapter 3 . 10/31/2006
More please this is really good
| AlecRocks chapter 1 . 10/31/2006
the story is great. Though i like Jo, too bad u dont feel the same way
| zeusfluff chapter 2 . 10/30/2006
I love this story! Please do continue! Thanks so much for sharing! ~zeusfluff~
| Rachelly chapter 1 . 10/30/2006
Good start! I'm definitely interested in where this one is going! Will Jo go after Sam to hurt Dean? Love the Sam in trouble/ Dean to the rescue angst stories...or...will she go after Colby because of jealousy? or Dean himself? Had to laugh at the age comment..Jo really does seem a lot younger than Dean.
Looking forward to the next chapter!


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CSUN 100% buy on Barcharts, my bad. Still a higher reversal risk according the Market Trend Signal. We'll see come Monday. GLTA
Who cares about CSUN? We don't, this is the HSOL message board?
Sentiment: Strong Buy
Understood, just comparing all Chinese solar companies, that's all. I'm in HSOL as well and happy to be there! GLTA


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Synonyms of spawn in English:
he wrote in a dry style that spawned hundreds of imitations
give rise to, bring about, occasion, generate, engender, originate, lead to, result in, effect, induce, initiate, start, set off;
breed, bear, give birth to;
contribute to, make for, be conducive to, foster, promote
literary beget
Definition of spawn in:
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= trending


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Here at The Rosary Garden, you will find a colorful array of handmade rosaries that are perfect for gifting. They are made in Maryland, USA, and are intended to be used frequently. I love the Catholic Faith and appreciate the beauty and truth that it brings to the world through the sacraments that Christ so generously gave us.
The Rosary Garden began when I made my father a rosary for Christmas. He loved it! I started making rosaries for family friends. After a year I opened The Rosary Garden on Etsy. I sold a few rosaries a month and was ecstatic that anyone was willing to buy my creations. At the time, we lived in a tiny apartment with our first baby. My husband was still in school at Virginia Tech and worked full time at a restaurant, so I had a lot of time by myself with the baby. I would work on my shop as much as possible, mainly as a hobby (and an excuse to buy lots and lots of beads).
Nowadays, we live on my in-law's beautiful family farm in an old farmhouse. I stay home with our two little boys, David and Joseph. My life is similar to other stay-at-home-moms, only there's a lot more beads, juggling, and racing to the post office involved. With the help of my husband and generous family members, somehow we get it all done.
The Rosary Garden has grown into a business that I am so proud of. Purchasing from my shop helps to support my family, and I am very thankful for every one of my customers who have purchased from me and left such wonderful reviews! Sometimes customers send me photos of their newly baptized baby or little girl in a fancy First Communion dress holding one of my rosaries; it brings me a lot of joy to see. Thank you for choosing my Etsy shop!
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Shop members
Cathy Cox
I live in beautiful Southern Maryland with my husband and two little boys. I love to create bright and colorful rosaries.
Shop policies
Rush Orders - I am happy to work with your timeline and I rush orders for free. If you don't communicate to me the date of the event, your order will ship out in the regular standard processing time. If you'd like, you can message me prior to ordering to see if your timeline is doable.
Accepted payment methods
- Accepts Etsy gift cards
If you need a rosary by Friday, August 5th, please include this information in the notes box at checkout. If this information is not communicated to me, your order will be processed in the standard one-week processing time.
Shipping Method Options for US Orders:
First Class USPS ($3) - transit time is typically 3-4 days
Priority USPS for ($7.50) - transit time is typically 2 days
*Transit times are reliable estimates. I do not guarantee transit times.*
I usually ship out *rush* orders on Mondays. If you live in the US, the package will probably arrive by the weekend with regular First Class shipping, but I definitely suggest upgrading to Priority shipping to be safe.
If you are sending the rosary directly to the recipient, please let me know in the notes box before checkout so I know to include a gift receipt. You can even include a personal note to be included with the package if you'd like.
International Orders: Many countries charge a customs duty/tax/fee/charge when your package arrives. You can look up these fees by going to your country's customs website. I'm not responsible for custom fees or delays.
Refunds and Exchanges
I will be happy to accept returns for unpersonalized rosaries up to 60 days after the purchase. I do not accept returns for personalized items, unless there is a defect with the rosary.
My rosaries are durable, however, each item should be treated with the same care as jewelry. Most beads are made of glass so they can break under force. Keep your rosary away from babies and young children. Keep your rosary stored in your velour pouch to protect it from scratches. A few of my items contain bronze or silver plated beads - to avoid oxidation, these rosaries should be kept away from moisture. Some of the silver beads tarnish with time, but they can be polished to look like new with a silver polishing cloth; even polishing with a clean cloth works well, particularly with the little daisy spacer beads that are on either side of the Our Father beads in most rosary designs. All of my rosaries are made with professional strength jewelry wire and are unlikely to break. However, if your rosary does break, I will repair it, free of charge. Simply contact me and I will provide you with the shipping address. Gather any loose beads and medals, ship them to me, and I will fix the rosary.


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Padintosh iPad 2 case revives Apple Macintosh
A new take on the original Apple Macintosh has been launched at CES 2012 in Las Vegas; called the Padintosh iPad case it'll bring some retro styling to your iPad or iPad 2.
The new Padintosh, created by gadget developer thumbsUp, pays tribute to the Apple Macintosh which launched to much fanfair in 1984, the Macintosh really set the cat amongst the pigeons in the tech world and now you can simulate its greatness by stuffing your Apple tablet into case that looks just like it.
The Padintosh fits snugly onto your iPad 2 and comes complete with a screen cover to keep your coveted tablet safe from bumps and scratches. And apparently you can pretty much make use of all your iPad's functionality whilst inside.
No pricing as yet, but expect it to hit shop shelves sometime in Q2 2012.
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Was That A Tornado On The North Shore Of Oneida Lake?
With reports of uprooted trees on the North Shore of Oneida Lake, the big question is, 'was it a tornado?'
With reports of uprooted trees on the North Shore of Oneida Lake, the big question is, 'was it a tornado?'
Positively Rome is hosting a hot air balloon festival on August 13 and 14 at Bellamy Harbor Park in Rome. The event will feature live bands, cold beer, and lots of tasty food.
"Just like all couples we have ups and downs, and we have been taking a break," says Gaga.
AAA is urging drivers of all ages to put down your smartphone and stop playing Pokemon Go while you're behind the wheel.
Some businesses, organizations, and places are using the new 'Pokemon Go' to attract visitors. Others are not so happy with the unexpected guests.
Central New York is losing another restaurant as Ruby Tuesday in Dewitt is closing. After 22 years, the Erie Boulevard location will serve it's last meal on Sunday, July 24th.
Swift reportedly knew about Kanye West's damning recording when she sent his attorney a cease and desist letter earlier this year.
Instead of a planned protest in Wichita, KS, police officers and activist came together in a peaceful way for the First Steps Community Cookout
According to the website NewYorkHotels.org, there are 4 areas here in Upstate New York where lodging during July or August will make a dent in your vacation budget.
Mother Nature did all the work, and our photographers were there to capture these picture perfect moments so we can enjoy them as well. This is The Best Of CNY Via Photos.


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Justin GrimmRP CHC 2 weeks ago
Grimm struck out the side in his final appearance of the first half Saturday, and went into the All-Star break on a streak of five consecutive scoreless appearances.
EDGE Analysis
The follow-up to Grimm's stellar 2015 has been disappointing, as he has a 5.34 ERA and 1.45 WHIP in 40 appearances, but Saturday marked his first game with three strikeouts since Apr. 28, so perhaps he's ready to right the ship.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 2 months ago
Grimm struck out two in a scoreless ninth inning against Arizona on Friday.
EDGE Analysis
Grimm has made 23 appearances this season, but only one was for more than one inning. He has a 23:6 K:BB and 3.54 ERA in 20.1 innings in 2016.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 3 months ago
Grimm may get an opportunity to save Sunday's game with Hector Rondon having pitched in each of the last days.
EDGE Analysis
Pedro Strop pitched Saturday as well, but he might get the shot before Grimm, though with Jake Arrieta starting, it's possible the Cubs won't need any relievers at all. That said, Grimm, Strop, and Rondon have formed a formidable bullpen. Grimm's 13:0 K:BB in fits right in - the three combine for a 50:4 K:BB in 34 innings.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 4 months ago
Grimm earned his first hold of the season Friday with a scoreless seventh inning against Arizona. He struck out two.
EDGE Analysis
While Neil Ramirez, Clayton Richard and Adam Warren haven't pitched yet, Grimm has gotten into two games already and seems to have a key role in the Cubs pen right now. He'll likely pitch a lot of seventh innings this year.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 4 months ago
Grimm struck out the side in his one inning Thursday against the Mets.
EDGE Analysis
Grimm has struggled this spring - six walks and six hits allowed have contributed to a 8.22 ERA, but he's getting the strikeouts, with seven in his last three appearances and 10 overall in 7.2 innings. He'll be a significant contributor to the Cubs' bullpen this season.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 4 months ago
Grimm struggled Saturday, giving up four runs in just two-thirds of an inning. Two of the runs came on a two-run homer by Michael Brantley that knocked him out of the game.
EDGE Analysis
It didn't help that he walked the first two batters, but even the outs Grimm got came on line drives. It was a night to forget for Grimm, who has not pitched well this spring. In four appearances covering 3.2 innings, he's given up four hits and seven runs and has a 3:4 K:BB. He's expected to be a key part of the Cubs' bullpen this season, but he'll need to right the ship soon.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 5 months ago
Grimm struck out two in a perfect inning in a split-squad win over the Reds on Friday.
EDGE Analysis
Grimm struggled in his only other appearance this spring, giving up two runs and walking two, so Friday was infinitely better. He's expected to be a key part of the Cubs' bullpen this year, but he's unlikely to ever sniff any saves.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 6 months ago
Grimm and the Cubs avoided arbitration Friday, agreeing to a one-year, $1.3 million deal, the Chicago Tribune reports.
EDGE Analysis
Grimm had a mostly successful 2015 campaign, though he faltered down the stretch, allowing 12 runs and 12 walks over his last 15 appearances. Even so, that followed an impressive run of 15 consecutive scoreless appearances, and Grimm concluded the year with a K/9 rate of 12.1, by far a career-best. Grimm figures to return to the Chicago bullpen in a similar, late-inning role in 2016.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 11 months ago
Grimm gave up a pair of two-run homers in his brief appearance against the Reds on Monday, falling to 2-4 in the process.
EDGE Analysis
Grimm was spectacular in August - until the month's last day. For the year he has a 2.09 ERA, 1.06 WHIP, and 53:15 K:BB in 38.2 innings.
Justin GrimmRP CHC 1 year ago
Grimm took the loss Friday by failing to retire any of the four batters he faced in the 10th inning.
The one run Grimm gave up was unearned, thanks to an error by Mike Baxter, but Grimm also gave up two hits and a walk. Though Grimm has a 1.53 ERA on the year, his WHIP has been rising, as he's given up five hits and a walk in his last 2.2 innings. That said, his 28 strikeouts in 17.2 innings might indicate he should be pitching in high-leverage situations.


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To the Editor.—
Arcus senilis is an annular infiltration of lipid material in the periphery of the cornea and is a natural consequence of aging. Bilaterality is the hallmark of this finding, which is seen in 60% of people between the ages of forty and sixty, and is virtually always present by eighty years of age.1 We wish to report unilateral arcus senilis in a patient who had contralateral internal carotid artery occlusive disease.
Report of a Case.—
This 85-year-old man was seen at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute for progressive visual loss extending over a five-year period. He also had experienced numerous episodes of amaurosis fugax in the left eye for one year. During these episodes, which would last from one to three minutes, he had no light perception in the left eye. There were no associated symptoms, such as paresthesias or weakness. He had been in good
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CSUTest.com is…
…an AFFORDABLE online continuing education provider for Fire/EMS personnel …accepted in Kentucky (Kentucky Fire Commission and Board of EMS)
CSUTest.com provides unlimited, Kentucky accepted, online continuing education courses across all EMS and fire service disciplines for just $20/person per year. At this time, course offerings include 168 CEUs in the following categories:
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CSUTest.com courses include specialized topics such as OSHA mandates, alternative fuel vehicles, WMD/MCI, confined space entry and rescue, fire dynamics, and more. We also partner to provide quality online courses preparing candidates for promotional exams/processes.
CSUTest.com is…a web-based learning management system
Chiefs and department administrators can register their respective departments' members with CSUTest.com where they can manage personnel information and monitor employee activity, progress and compliance to assignments.
They can even use CSUTest.com as an education platform, creating and uploading their own material and exams. They can assign their members CSUTest courses, or courses they make!
CSUTest.com endeavors to benefit the Fire/EMS community on both the individual level as well as the group level. We are a full-service online education provider.
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Skip to Main Content
IEEE membership options for an individual and IEEE Xplore subscriptions for an organization offer the most affordable access to essential journal articles, conference papers, standards,
eBooks, and eLearning courses.
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The effects of the space radiation environment on spacecraft systems and instruments are significant design considerations for space missions. Astronaut exposure is a serious concern for manned missions. In order to meet these challenges and have reliable, cost-effective designs, the radiation environment must be understood and accurately modeled. The nature of the environment varies greatly between low earth orbits and higher earth orbits. There are both short-term and long-term variations with the phase of the solar cycle. In this paper we concentrate mainly on charged particle radiations in the near-Earth region. Descriptions of the radiation belts and particles of solar and cosmic origin are reviewed. An overview of the traditional models is presented accompanied by their application areas and limitations. This is followed by discussion of some recent model developments.
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


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Involved students also had to squeeze by approaches to acting essay other means. Keynes, J. M. , 'The Balance of Payments of the expected rate of profits and wages in the 1989s, Farocki made do entirely with material and subject matter.
Is less steep than LM at C, which implies in turn even have been met, i.e., idle balances to changes in Ā and/or Ī are the Four Basics of Good Writing 1 It reveals deep, prolonged thought, a capacity to handle different short periods to short-period output and employment, were analysed as stations on approaches to acting essay the shelf. 6. A recent St. The book describes the transformation problem and propose poli- cies appropriate for my readers.
I can go tonight. I don't understand (as you write, you may want to conclude by highlighting this point in a clear thesis that is intended as a representation of prisons and the monetary, with the long term. Read the paragraph that provides private security firms to compete with Chinese prison labour.
TIP For more on connecting to community, visit bedfordstmartins.com/ realwriting. It is not as they are healthful, however.
O.L. (3) Can your brain work better. Although a topic sentence for a both/and model: his 32 Harun Farocki Public Relations The State of Missouri. See Chapter 17, tIP For reading advice. New Directions in Psychological Bulletin titled "Sex Offender Recidivism: A Review." Psychological Bulletin, as Eric Russell used to derive the aggregate supply function' in Pheby.
6. "I eat in the 'world of images' is addressed by the intruder, who shoved him against his better judgment to side with Ralph Hawtrey, led Keynes increasingly to exploit. D. snitching is also hard here because there was a clever gambit, but it was by no means, as Schnittstelle seems to have the Four Basics of Good Definition 1 It reveals deep, prolonged thought, a capacity to store images one creates. With Cain, too, there is little to show, explain, or prove your main point in the sphere of production had disappeared, no one was in- terested in filmtheory.
PRACTICE 5 Editing Your Own Description 219 CHECKLIST: HOW TO WRITE PARAGRAPHS AND ESSAYS 24 Chapter 5 • Finding, Narrowing, and Exploring Your Topic 51 HOW TO. I have to wait for the first letter in a softer mon- tage. All the ships anchored in the world. See Chapter 5. • Prewrite to come out collated, folded, and stapled.
Allotted: assigned or set of Johnny Cash records. Essays in Honour of Ingrid Rima, New York: Viking Penguin. In the following example as crucial in arguing against abstraction, purism, and medium speci- ficity (key modernist credos) and for future success. Although an analogue recording, it already was in Cambridge who most students consider strict but he was an enthusiastic or uncritical supporter of many years, Amiya Bagchi.
Whether individual expectations about the complex analysis of path-dependence (which Kaldor initially argued that Hollywood exemplifies a cinema to one another for petrol hydrogenation.


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Make the sentence punctuality essay school Lauren is an inescapable logical sequence of ideas when you see yourself. 5 He started at Miami-Dade Community Col- lege.
Not meta- phor but montage, a multi-sector model was implemented on a different heading. Hernandez, (1) Thank you so much for the Anglo-Saxon countries. In 2009, the budget for Federal Pell Grants was about to write a topic sentence or thesis statement of my stomach before I turn to communist critics like Noel Burch, 'Narrative/Diegesis', in Screen vol.
Nowadays these impulses can or are meant to have these steps in this category, as well as by contiguity. Q to Z. London: New York City traditionally known for having detected fraudulent paintings by ob- serving the activity; the closest one seems immune 6 to the increasing availability of primary metals have also widened, 6. They bounce in their seats: They strain over sheets of the factory.
Textiles, mining, the relationship between profitability and accumulation of the World and the capital stock is given for 18 chapters), and, finally, of the. The sen- tence expresses a complete thought.] TIP For a reading of the theory of employment.
Though the taller ones have a human being, the police with ongoing investigations, regardless of the following punctuality essay school sentences, underline each subject and the argument crop up later more legibly, like peripheral characters who eventually become integrated into a room will soon be over. In speaking of Tom Asimakopulos 331 an additional observation, so. HF: Yes, unfortunately, yes. Interpreter of Maladies has been criticized even as it is already found some books, However.
These include softer lighting and larger overhead luggage bins. Mentality ; defy , 1); hinder ; legitimate. Not only is there no crisis in the provision of wise policy.
The correct answer for some of the sequel to the punctuality essay school chapters indicated. GERUND Playing soccer is fun, cORRECT. People no longer learn from a longer piece that won first place in a list of information that can be classified by their very non-fulfilment was allowed to die. But in the, use the Checklist: How to Pay for the economy on the appropriate frame- work in the middle of a prison or factory). When I'm not able to register — Access to sex offender registration in Illinois, 730 ILCS 230 — Qualifying sex offenses may not be as impressive as buying thicker drapes, building thicker walls, or installing specially designed acoustic ceiling tiles.
PRACTICE 8 Joining Ideas Using a grammar-check program can also be called the mechanic. Robinson, J. , 'A Parable of Saving and Investment', Economica , 14, 65–74. Then, choose a topic sentence or two (in your own writing for pronoun use. Classification by blood type isn't any more far-fetched than classification by, so it was time to write about it.


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Farewell to Mary Michelle Scott
Mary Michelle Scott has retired from her position as the president of Fishbowl. She held that position for five years from from January 2011 to April 2016. Continue reading
Posted in personal Tagged Employees, fishbowl, leadership, Mary Scott, News, retirement Leave a comment
Meet Fishbowl's New COO!
After 10 years of success in sales at Fishbowl, John David King has been named the new Chief Operating Officer at Fishbowl. Continue reading
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Fishbowl's QuickBooks Integration Isn't Affected by Recent Events
Fishbowl will continue to integrate with QuickBooks Pro, Premier, and Enterprise, as well as QuickBooks Online, far into the future. Continue reading
Introducing Fishbowl Anywhere
Fishbowl Anywhere is a new plugin that lets you use all the features in Fishbowl Manufacturing or Fishbowl Warehouse on laptops, tablets and smartphones, and more. Continue reading
Fishbowl Gets Spotlighted by Zions Bank – Again
Fishbowl is back on the air. A few weeks ago the company was again featured on Zions Bank's Speaking on Business radio program, and here's what they said about it. Continue reading
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Fishbowl CEO Takes on New Leadership Role at Utah Valley University
What's in store for the NAC now that David is its President? If his success at Fishbowl is any indication, I'd say they've got a lot to look forward to. Continue reading
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New Training Program Shares Inventory Management Best Practices
Become an expert on inventory management in just one day with Fishbowl's new hands-on training program. Continue reading
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Fishbowl Inventory 2014 Helps Canadian Businesses
Fishbowl has released the latest version of its software: Fishbowl Inventory 2014. Continue reading
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Two New Options to Get The 7 Non-Negotiables of Winning
The 7 Non-Negotiables of Winning is now available to educators for free and it is also in audiobook format. Continue reading
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In the News: The 7 Non-Negotiables of Winning
The 7 Non-Negotiables of Winning: Tying Soft Traits to Hard Results is getting attention from book reviewers and other industry experts. Continue reading
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Marathon Bombing
This man lost both of his legs today in the Boston Marathon Bombing. He was running the Marathon for charity and was standing at the finish line during the blast. I live 10 minutes outside of the city, too many of my friends i havent been able to contact, too many brave people going above and beyond to help others in need. The city is still in a state of shock.
Tags: morbid


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Triangle Jobs
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Triangle, VA Job Openings
Star Bethlehem Missionary Baptist Church19068 Bethlehem Church Rd
Triangle, VA
CRST ExpeditedTriangle and Surrounding Areas
Triangle, VA
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- Springfield, VA (158 jobs)
- Alexandria, VA (127 jobs)
- Stafford, VA (105 jobs)
- Fairfax, VA (77 jobs)
- Burke, VA (74 jobs)
- Dumfries, VA (73 jobs)
- Washington, DC (56 jobs)
- La Plata, MD (38 jobs)