text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 19, 1981
|Filing date
|Sep 17, 1979
|Priority date
|Jun 4, 1977
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Josef W. Manger
|Original Assignee
|Manger J W
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (30), Classifications (16)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 911,063, filed May 31, 1978 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to loudspeaker arrangements.
Loudspeaker arrangements are used for converting electrical signals into audible sound and include at least one electro-acoustic transducer which generally has a diaphragm which is reciprocateable in a piston-like manner, and is arranged in a closed housing or a housing with at least one opening. Hitherto the most important parameter in the loudspeaker art has been the frequency. All hifi standards are directed to preserving given values which are dependent on the frequency. In doing this, the fact that analyses or standards which only take account of the mean positive amplitude squares of the acoustic pressure in dependency on frequency, such squares being determined over a relatively long period of time, cannot detect those important acoustic pressure changes of a duration of some micro-seconds or milliseconds, which the human ear must continuously process and whose peak values correspond to the difference in the peak values of the positive and negative amplitudes of the acoustic pressure, was overlooked. Therefore, the view is increasingly frequently taken not only with regard to the reproduction of music but for example also with regard to damage to hearing caused by excessive noise in the place of work, that the dependency of the acoustic pressure on time is of greater significance than the dependency of the acoustic pressure on frequency and the presevation of given frequency characteristics (HiFi-Stereofonie, issue 3/1977, page 369, `Music hearing test` and commentary; Technical Review, No 1, 1976, pages 4 to 26, published by Bruel & Kjaer). This view is supported by the fact that the so-called first wave front, that is to say, the first half wave of a rectangular or sinusoidal acoustic pressure wave which is radiated by a sound source appears to be particularly important for example for the location and musical tone of a sound source, because pressure changes within the first wave front, which are caused by system-inherent interference, have an unpleasant effect on the location and tone; system-inherent interference is taken to mean the interference or defects in the transmission path in the conversion of electrical oscillations into sound waves, which are not present in the electrical signal to be reproduced.
The invention therefore starts from the recognition that investigations or regulations which depend on the measurement of a mean acoustic pressure of the frequency spectrum of a sound source cannot give satisfactory results, unless they are accompanied by investigations or regulations relating to the characteristic in time of the first wave fronts.
It will be appreciated that measurements taken on loudspeaker arrangements with different kinds of housings show that the first wave fronts are only transmitted well by those loudspeaker arrangements whose electro-acoustic transducers are installed in an infinite acoustic baffle and which are therefore not suitable for practical purposes. In contrast, housings with finite dimensions result in considerable falsification of the first wave fronts, so that these cannot be cleanly reproduced by conventional loudspeaker arrangements.
The invention therefore starts from the further recognition that, in all previously known loudspeaker arrangements, the housings in particular are the cause of numerous interference phenomena in the region of the first wave fronts.
According to the invention, derived for the first time from the above-mentioned recognitions and phenomena is the problem of providing a loudspeaker arrangement which reproduces the first wave fronts with a similar degree of quality to a transducer arranged in an infinite acoustic baffle, but which has a housing of finite dimensions. In this respect the housing is in particular to be so constructed that, upon single rapid and abrupt excitation in one or other direction, the loudspeaker arrangement produces, at a measuring position in front of the housing, an acoustic pressure which, after reaching a maximum value (minimum value) falls, (rises) almost linearly to a minimum value (maximum value) and exhibits a reversal of direction in its development in time, only at the latest possible moment of time, for example after more than about 4 milliseconds, before tending to resume its normal value.
To solve this problem, in accordance with the invention, there is provided a loudspeaker arrangement comprising a closed housing having a front wall and a rear wall, and at least two similar electro-acoustic transducers, wherein one of the said two transducers is arranged in the front wall and the other of the said two transducers is arranged in the rear wall and the said two transducers are so connected that when electrically coupled to a common source the respective diaphragms of the said two transducers are moved simultaneously outwardly or inwardly.
It is already known for a plurality of transducers, for example a plurality of high-pitch, medium-pitch and low-pitch transducers, to be diposed in a housing. However, in contrast to the loudspeaker according to the invention, such loudspeaker arrangements do not provide for clean reproduction of the first wave fronts. This also applies as regards other known loudspeaker arrangements (U.S. Pat. No. 3,393,764) which have a housing with a respective transducer arranged in each of the front and rear walls. The essential difference of this known loudspeaker arrangement from the loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention is in fact that the housing of the known loudspeaker arrangement is not completely closed but has an opening which, during operation of the loudspeaker arrangement, permits constant equalisation of pressure between the front and rear sides of the diaphragms of each transducer and discharges air under pressure outwardly upon each inwardly directed stroke movement of the diaphragms, while drawing air from the outside into the housing on each outwardly directed stroke movement of the diaphragms. Consequently, such an opening in the housing can at low frequencies result in what are known as acoustic short-circuits. Moreover, each opening in a housing acts as an additional emission source which operates in phase opposition relative to the diaphragms and radiates pressure waves which can detrimentally interfere in many ways with the pressure waves which are radiated by the two diaphragms. Such openings in the housing therefore oppose the simulation of an infinite acoustic baffle and result in considerable falsification of the first wave fronts. To overcome this disadvantage, according to the invention there is provided a closed housing, the term `closed` meaning that, with the exception of some leaks which permit the normal pressure in the housing to be adjusted to the pressure of the outside atmosphere, the housing does not have openings of any kind.
The invention provides the substantial advantage that the second transducer which is installed in the rear 1 of the housing has an action very similar to that of an infinite acoustic baffle. Measurements on the loudspeaker according to the invention show that, when the two diaphragms are abruptly excited, the loudspeaker arrangement produces pressure curves such as hitherto could only be produced with transducers installed in an infinite acoustic baffle.
The invention will now be explained and described in more detail, solely by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows an eletro-acoustic transducer installed in an infinite acoustic baffle partition;
FIG. 2 shows the acoustic pressure curve as a function of time, recorded with a conventional transducer in the arrangement shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows the acoustic pressure curve as a function of time, as recorded with a transducer of novel kind in the arrangement shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows a loudspeaker arrangement set up in a room, and comprising an electro-acoustic transducer arranged in a housing;
FIG. 5 shows the acoustic pressure curve as a function of time, as recorded with the arrangement of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 shows a loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention, set up in a room and comprising two transducers arranged in a housing and connected in parallel in phase;
FIG. 7 shows the acoustic pressure curve as a function of time, as recorded with the arrangement of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 shows a possible explanation for the improvements achieved with the arrangement shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 shows a comparison of the acoustic pressure curves as a function of time, as recorded with the arrangements shown in FIG. 6;
FIGS. 10 and 11 show further embodiments of the housing of the loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention;
FIG. 12 shows the acoustic pressure curves as a function of time, as recorded with the arrangement of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of the housing of the loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention;
FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment of a loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention;
FIGS. 15 and 16 show embodiments for mounting or standing the loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention in the room; and
FIG. 17 shows a further embodiment of a loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention.
FIG. 1 shows a known arrangement for measuring the variation in time of the acoustic pressure at a position in front of a transducer, without interference by echoes. Secured in a wall 1 of a room 2 is an electro-acoustic transducer 3 having a diaphragm 4, which can be reciprocated piston-like in the direction indicated by the arrow by a moving coil and whose front face terminates substantially flush with the wall 1 in the non-excited condition (U.S. Pat. No. 3,201,529). Set up in front of the transducer 3 is a microphone 5 which is used for receiving the sound waves radiated by the transducer 3 or for measuring the acoustic pressure produced by the transducer 3 at the location of the microphone 5. The microphone 5 which can measure acoustic pressures down to 10 Hertz, is a half-inch free-field capacitor microphone, like the microphone shown in FIGS. 4, 6, 8 and 11, and is connected to an electron beam oscillograph (not shown) which is used for visual representation of the acoustic pressure at the location of the microphone 5 as a function of time.
The wall 1 acts as an infinite acoustic baffle partition which prevents acoustic short-circuits, that is to say, which prevents propagation of the acoustic pressure waves into the space which is behind the wall 1, with respect to the room 2. The acoustic pressure waves therefore propagate in a hemispherical pattern at the speed of sound over a spatial angle 2π. In arranging the microphone 5 and the transducer 3, care should be taken to ensure that their distances from any reflecting surfaces are sufficiently large for echo waves to reach the microphone 5 only after transit times which are at least about 5 milliseconds greater than the transit times which correspond to the direct distance of the transducer 4 from the microphone 5, which corresponds to a distance of about 3.7 meters, when the direct distance is 2 meters.
If the diaphragm 4 is abruptly pushed forward towards the room 2 and left in that position, a variation in the amplitude of the acoustic pressure P as a function of time t, corresponding to the curve 6 in FIG. 2, occurs at the location of the microphone 5. The amplitude first rises rapidly, reaches a maximum value then gradually decreases, passes through the O-line corresponding to the normal pressure, reaches a minimum value, and then gradually tends back to the normal value.
The pressure peaks 7 which are settled in the positive region and which indicate the acoustic pressure change in the positive and negative direction are worth noting on the curve 6. Such pressure changes which are caused in particular by oscillations of the diaphragm when the diaphragm is suddenly energised and by other spring/mass effects which cannot be avoided in conventional transducers, and the substantially e-shaped fall in the curve 6 result in considerable falsification of the acoustic pressure at the location of the receiver and thus falsification of the information perceived by the receiver, as they are not contained in the radiated information which corresponds to the sudden energisation.
The curve 8 shown in FIG. 3 shows a virtually ideal form. It was obtained in an arrangement as shown in FIG. 1, with a transducer as disclosed in DE Patent specifications Nos. 1,815,694 and 2,236,374 or DE Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,500,397, which does not cause any substantial spring/mass effects and which does not cause any interference pressure changes, even when suddenly energised, by virtue of the use of visco-elastic diaphragm. In addition, after reaching its maximum value or its first direction-reversal point 9, the curve 8 falls virtually linearly to the minimum value or second reversal point 10, which occurs at about 4.5 milliseconds.
The frequency which can be calculated from the distance in time between the two reversal points 9 and 10 can be denoted as the system-inherent resonance frequency of the whole loudspeaker arrangement comprising the transducer 3 and the wall 1. Because the curve 8 does not have any interference ripples between the reversal points 9 and 10 and extends substantially linearly instead of in accordance with an e-function, rectangular signals down to at least about 110 Hertz and sinusoidal signals down to at least about 55 Hertz should still be properly transmitted with the system used for recording the curve 8, as, when the diaphragm is excited with a rectangular signal, its first half-oscillation must be associated with the region between the reversal points 9 and 10, while when the diaphragm is excited with a sinusoidal signal, its first quarter serves to deflect the diaphragm to its maximum value and therefore the second quarter of the sinusoidal oscillation can be associated with the region between the reversal points 9 and 10. The previous measurements confirm this.
The arrangement shown in FIG. 4 which is used for measuring the variation in time of the pressure waves radiated by a loudspeaker arrangements with a finite closed housing includes an electro-acoustic transducer 11 with a diaphragm 12 which is reciprocable in the direction indicated by the arrow. The transducer 11 is mounted in the front wall 15 of a loudspeaker housing 14 in such a way that, in the non-excited condition, the front face of the diaphragm 12 terminates substantially flush with the front wall 15. Two microphones 16 and 17 are provided for measuring the variation in time of the acoustic pressure, the microphone 16 being arranged substantially on the central axis of the diagraphm 16 and the microphone 17 being arranged in a plane formed by the front end of the wall 15, at the level of the diaphragm 12. The housing 14 or the diagraphm 12 and the microphones 16 and 17 are also arranged in a closed room 18 in such a way that the pressure waves produced by the diaphragm 12 reach the microphones 16 and 17 by direct transmission, about six to ten milliseconds earlier than any reflected pressure wave.
When the diaphragm 12 is abruptly excited, the curves 19 and 20 shown in FIG. 5 are produced, the curve 19 being recorded with the microphone 16 and the curve 20 being recorded with the microphone 17. Both curves 19 and 20 have an abrupt drop in the acoustic pressure, which is not found in the curves 6 and 8 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, at a point t1. This drop in the acoustic pressure is to be attributed to the finite nature of the housing 14 and causes a characteristic pressure change within the first wave front, such pressure change being responsible for mis-information. When using the transducer used to record the curve 8, the drop at point t1 is particularly clearly accentuated, as the curves 19 and 20 are of virtually linear nature, up to the moment t1.
The cause of the fall in pressure at the point t1 may be calculated from the speed of sound. The sudden excitation of the diaphragm 12 causes a pressure change in the room 18, which at first is only propagated into the space directly in front of the diaphragm 12, because of the use of a closed housing, as in the case of the infinite acoustic baffle shown in FIG. 1. After about a period t=a/c, where a is the distance of the diaphragm centre point from the end of the wall 15 and c is the speed of sound, the pressure changes caused by the diaphragm 12 can also be propagated into the space which is behind the wall 15, that is to say, on the side of the wall 15 remote from the microphone 16. In other words, after the time t=a/c the pressure changes can be propagated in a spatial angle 4π, instead of 2π. The result of this effect is that the acoustic pressure at the location of the microphone 16 suddenly drops abruptly after a time of about t=a/c from the beginning of the measurement operation. Measurements have shown that the time t1 of the fall in pressure substantially corresponds in fact to the value a/c. Corresponding deliberations confirm that the drop in acoustic pressure (curve 20) which is measured with the microphone 17 must also be attributed to the finite nature of the housing 14.
When using a finite housing, the first wave front can therefore be cleanly reproduced only when the time interval t=a/c is greater than about 5 milliseconds. For this purpose the distance a should be about 1.7 meters, which is unrealistic for practical applications. In all conventional housings, the distance a is only about 10 to 40 centimeters, corresponding the values t=a/c of 0.294 and 1.17 milliseconds or frequencies of 1700 and 425 Hertz. Below these frequencies the first wave fronts can no longer be cleanly reproduced with conventional housings.
According to the invention, it was surprisingly found that the fall in the acoustic pressure, caused by the housing, may be considerably reduced if a second electro-acoustic transducer is built into the rear wall of the housing, the radiation performance of said second electro-acoustic transducer substantially corresponding to that of the transducer incorporated in the front wall of the housing, at least at the frequencies which suffer interference from the housing, and the second electro-acoustic transducer being energized electrically `in phase` in relation to the first transducer, in such a way that the diaphragms of both transducers always more simultaneously outwardly or simultaneously inwardly. An arrangement of this kind is diagrammatically shown in FIG. 6.
A closed rectangular housing 23 is arranged in a room 22, a transducer 25 having a diaphragm 26 being disposed in the front wall 24 of the housing 23. A similar transducer 28 having a diaphragm 29 is mounted in the rear wall 27 of the housing 23, which is parallel to the front wall 24. The two transducers 25 and 28 are so arranged that, in the non-energised condition, their diaphragms terminate substantially flush with the front or rear face respectively of the front or rear wall 24 or 27 respectively. As in the preceding examples, the two diaphragms can be reciprocated in the manner of a piston or a dish, and the two transducers 25 and 28 are electrically connected in such a way that, when they are abruptly excited, the diaphragms are simultaneously pushed forward outwardly in the direction of the arrows P1 and P2. The acoustic pressure is measured with a mircophone 30, in front of the transducer 25. The two transducers 25 and 28 or their diaphragms 26 and 29 are also arranged coaxially.
The curve 31 produced with the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 is illustrated in FIG. 7 and shows that the pressure drop at the point t1, which was charactertistic for the curve 19 shown in FIG. 5, has virtually disappeared, and that the curve 31 has a somewhat wider curve portion between the two direction-reversal points 32 and 33, corresponding to a time of about 5 milliseconds, in comparison with the curve 8 shown in FIG. 3.
The transducer 28 disposed in the rear wall 27 has the same effect as an infinite acoustic baffle partition which could therefore be imagined in the plane of symmetry between the two transducers 25 and 28. The pressure wave field produced by the transducer 28 could therefore be termed a `pneumatic acoustic baffle partition` of virtually infinite size. FIG. 8 diagrammatically indicates that the pressure changes produced by the diaphragm 26, indeed, as in the case of FIG. 4, after covering the distance a, have a tendency to be propagated in the spatial angle 4π, that is to say, also into the space behind the front wall 24. However, in contrast to FIG. 4, this is prevented by the diaphragm 29 producing corresponding pressure changes. The pressure wave fields produced by the two diaphragms 26 and 29 meet in the plane of symmetry of the loudspeaker arrangement and are influenced along this plane of symmetry precisely as if an infinite baffle partition were arranged in the plane of symmetry.
Further confirmation that the second transducer 28 acts like a pneumatic acoustic baffle partition is supplied by the curves 34, 35 and 36 shown in FIG. 9. The curve 34 was recorded with an arrangement as shown in FIG. 6, wherein the transducers 25 and 28 were `in phase opposition`, that is to say, they were so poled that in the event of abrupt excitation, the diaphragm 26 of the transducer 25 was deflected in the direction of the arrow P1 and at the same time the diaphragm 29 of the transducer 28 was deflected in the same direction, that is to say, in a direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow P2. Only the transducer 25 was used to record the curve 35, with the transducer 28 short-circuited so that the diaphragm of the transducer 28 is driven by sound pressure and its moving coil has currents magnetically induced therein which are resistively dissipated. The curve 36 was recorded with in phase excitation of the two transducers 25 and 28. In addition, in contrast in FIGS. 5 and 7, the first echoes were recorded, such echoes being produced substantially by reflection of the sound waves at the ground. The time scale is approximately twice that of FIGS. 3, 5 and 7.
After a time t5, the curve 35 has a first echo of medium magnitude, which corresponds to about 45% of the maximum amplitude of the first wave front, whereas the first echo of the curve 35 is considerably greater and corresponds to a value of 95% of the maximum amplitude of the first wave front. It follows from these measurements that, for locations in the room in which the microphone 30 is disposed, the second transducer 28 has the same effect as an infinite acoustic baffle partition, as echoes of similar magnitude can only be measured with an arrangement shown in FIG. 1.
The curve 31 (FIG. 7) does not extend in a completely linear fashion between the reversal points 32 and 33 as the housing 23 shown in FIG. 6 is rectangular and the distance b (FIG. 6) causes interference. Similar interference occurs when using a spherical housing with a diameter of for example 50 centimeters.
The interference which can be seen from the curve 31 may be substantially avoided by using a housing as shown in FIG. 10. The loudspeaker arrangement shown in FIG. 10 includes a discus-shaped rotationally symmetrical housing 40 which is of rhomboid configuration in cross-section. As will be seen from FIG. 10, two coaxial electro-acoustic transducer 42 and 43 are mounted on the axis of rotation 41 in such a way that their diaphragms 44 and 45, is the non-excited condition, represent the most uniform possible continuation of the outside of the housing walls. In this case the axis 41 is at the same time the central axis of the two diaphragms 44 and 45. The two transducers 42 and 43 are so connected, as in the loudspeaker of FIG. 6, that the two transducers are energised electrically in phase. Starting from the fixing edges of the transducers 42 and 43, the distance of the front wall 46 from the rear wall 47 of the housing 40 becomes smaller and smaller until the walls 46 and 47 meet in the plane of symmetry 48 which extends normal to the axis 41. The walls 46 and 47 thus extend towards each other until they meet at the outside periphery 49 of the housing 40, and form two half-shells which comprise the housing 40.
Between the fixing points of the transducers 42 and 43 and the outside periphery 49 of the housing 40, the walls 46 and 47 preferably are not flat, but have a slightly convex curvature. The degree of curvature is best determined with reference to the acoustic pressure curves measured with the loudspeaker arrangement of FIG. 10. Apart from this, slight curves in the walls 46 and 47 provide the advantage that the walls are less sensitive to bending vibration phenomena. The walls 46 and 47 are preferably in the form of spherical surface, as indicated by the broken lines in FIG. 10. The radius of the spherical surfaces should be greater than the measurement a (FIG. 11), in order to avoid the imperfections which occur in the case of spherical housings.
FIG. 11 shows the arrangement shown in FIG. 10 in a room 51, wherein two microphones 52 and 53 are used for measuring the acoustic pressure. The microphones 52 and 53 are arranged on the axis of rotation 41 and in the plane of symmetry 48, respectively, at the same height as the center points of the diaphragms. When the diaphragms 44 and 45 are abruptly excited in the direction indicated by the arrows P1 and P2, the curves 54 (microphone 52) and 55 (microphone 53) shown in FIG. 12 are produced when transducers 42 and 43 as disclosed. in DE Patent specifications Nos. 1,815,694 and 2,236,374 or in DE Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,500,397 are used, whose diameters are 19 centimeters, with the diameter of the outside periphery 49 of the housing 40 being 70 centimeters. The two transducers 42 and 43 are moreover substantially identical.
Between the reversal points 56 and 57 the curves 54 and 55 extend substantially linearly. The distance in time between the reversal points 56 and 57 is about 5 milliseconds. The rise time between the zero point of excitation and the first reversal point 56 on curve 54 is about 18 milliseconds.
Occassionally, slight deviations from linearity are found in the measured acoustic pressure curves shown in FIG. 12, which deviations can be caused by the clamping of the transducers in the housing or by discontinuities in the transition from the housing wall to the diaphragm surface, and interference phenomena produced thereby. Such interference may be compensated by corrugations in the housing wall, in particular the front wall 46, each convex corrugation in the wall causing the curves 54 and 55 to be lifted and each concave curvature in the wall causing the curves 54 and 55 to be lowered. FIG. 13 shows a housing which corresponds to the housing shown in FIG. 10 and which has a convex annular bulge 59 and a concave annular bulge 60 in the front wall 46. The limits of such correction means are determined by the inside radius of 9.5 centimeters of the housing 40 and the outside radius of 35 centimeters of the housing 40 shown in FIG. 13, which corresponds to frequencies of about 1790 and 486 Hertz, or transmission times of 0.28 and 1.02 milliseconds.
FIG. 12 also shows that very similar curves are obtained with the microphones 52 and 53 (FIG. 11), although the rise time of the curve 54 is substantially shorter. The loudspeaker shown in FIG. 10 is therefore virtually an emitter of zero order, when the diaphragms are abruptly excited.
The dimensions of the transducers of FIGS. 6 and 10 depend in particular on the desired position of the second reversal points 33 and 57 respectively.
The smaller the housing, the shorter is the distance between the two reversal points 32 and 33 or 56 and 57 respectively. In addition, the speed of the fall in acoustic pressure in FIG. 12 increases in proportion to the increase in the angle β shown in FIG. 11; this agrees with the observation of the steep fall in respect of a spherical housing. The smaller the angle β, that is to say, the closer the outside of the diaphragms 44 and 45 respectively are moved towards the plane of symmetry 48, the better is the form of the curves 54 and 55.
Particular advantage of the above-described loudspeaker is that all housing constructions according to the invention involve no deterioration but possibly an improvement in the usual frequency characteristic of the entire loudspeaker.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Thus, it is possible for example for the two transducers which are incorporated in the front and rear walls of the housing to be arranged somewhat asymmetrically and not precisely coaxially, although the best results are achieved with a completely symmetrical arrangement as shown in FIG. 10. In addition, two or more transducers may be arranged in each of the front and rear walls of the housing, as indicated in the plan view of FIG. 14, in which case an excellent directional effect or directional characteristic may be achieved by arranging a respective group of a plurality of transducers along a respective straight line, in particular on a line normal to the axis of rotation 41 and normal to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 10. In this connection, it is also possible to use housings which are not rotationally symmetrical but which have cylindrical front and rear walls. In addition, care should be taken to ensure that the transitions between the diaphragms and the housing walls are clean and smooth, without abrupt transitions, the effects of which can be seen from the curves shown in FIG. 12. Any means conventional in the loudspeaker art can be used for this purpose.
In addition, the transducer 43 (FIG. 10) installed in the rear wall 47 could differ from the transducer 42 installed in the front wall 46 and in particular could be cheaper and of poorer quality, insofar as only frequencies which are greater than the housing dimensions are to be transmitted, as the rear transducer becomes less and less important at higher frequencies; this can be deduced from the fact that the falls in pressure in the curves 19 shown in FIG. 5, which were recorded with a microphone 16 as shown in FIG. 4, only ever appear after periods of time which approximately correspond to the transmission time of the sound waves from the centre point of the diaphragm to the end of the housing. It will be appreciated that, for the purposes of improving the curves 20 shown in FIG. 5, which are recorded with the microphone 17 of FIG. 4, transducers of substantially equal quality should be installed in the front and rear walls, as both transducers contribute substantially to the acoustic pressure at the location of the microphone 17, even at medium frequencies.
The loudspeaker according to the invention make it possible to achieve spatial and temporal resolution effects which were not previously known, in conjuction with optimum spatial localisation not of the loudspeaker arrangement itself but of the sound sources which are to be represented by the sound waves to be transmitted. When using acoustic transducers as disclosed in DE Patent specifications Nos. 1,815,694 and 2,236,374 and DE Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,500,397, there is the further advantage that these transducers do not cause any interference pressure changes in the region of the first sound wave fronts, which is important for radiation which is true to the original, so that a single system-inherent resonance frequency of about 50 Hertz is obtained with such transducers in the loadspeaker arrangements according to the invention, for the entire system comprising transducers, diaphragms, and housing. The loudspeaker arrangements according to the invention therefore provide in particular for the reproduction of music, matchless beauty and purity. Added to this is the fact that the intensity of radiation of the loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention undergoes only very little change, in comparison with loudspeaker arrangements shown in FIG. 4, irrespective of whether the loudspeaker arrangement is positioned in the open or in a room and close to a wall or close to the floor. The loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention is independent of its environment, by virtue of the pneumatic or acoustic baffle partition and the resulting precise radiation of the first wave front.
The invention is also not restricted to the system-inherent resonance frequency being about 50 Hertz, as lower and higher resonance frequencies may be achieved by altering in particular the diaphragm surface area.
Another important advantage of the loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention can be achieved by the two transducers or the front and rear wall of the housing being supported relative to each other. FIG. 10 shows that the transducers 42 and 43 are each supported in a respective ring 62 and 63 and the two rings 62 and 63 are fixedly connected together by a strut arrangement 64. As a result of this construction, any reaction forces which are produced by the in-phase parallel oscillations of the moving coils and diaphragms in the directions indicated by the arrows P1 and P2 are carried by the strut arrangement 64 and are not transmitted to the loudspeaker housing 40. It is particularly advantageous for the transducers additionally to be mounted in the rings 62 and 63 so as to be isolated and damped by means of visco-elastic rubber rings 65 or the like, to prevent vibration from being transmitted to the housing. Alternatively, the transducers may be mounted in the housing walls in a damped and isolated manner, while the strut arrangement is mounted at another position, for example in the region of the annular bulged portions 59 and 60 (FIG. 13), in order to avoid flexing of the housing walls at these positions. In contrast to conventional loudspeaker boxes, the housings of the loudspeaker arrangements according to the invention, may therefore be made from substantially thinner materials, for example materials which are from 3 to 4 millimeters in thickness, without this resulting in interference resonances or without the fear of the housing flexing. Finally, the same measures may be taken in the interior of the housings of the loudspeaker arrangements according to the invention for the purposes of avoiding interference resonances (for example filling the housing with sound-absorbent materials), as is known and usual in conventional loudspeaker arrangements. The same applies for all other measures outside the basic concept of the invention.
The loudspeaker arrangements according to the invention may be hung up or set up in the room, for the purposes of mounting. The examples of this are shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. The dimensions of the frames required for mounting the loudspeaker arrangements do not have any substantial influence on the nature of the first wave fronts, as their dimensions are small in comparison with those wavelengths at which the loudspeaker arrangements according to the invention enjoy particular advantages.
The field of use of loudspeaker arrangements according to the invention is also not limited to the examples described. A particular field of use is afforded for example by dummy head stereophony in which one earphone is normally used for each ear, as stereophonic transmissions are not possible with only one conventional loudspeaker arrangement. In contrast, dummy head stereophony may be embodied with a single loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention, for example as shown in FIG. 10, insofar as the signal for one ear is supplied to one transducer 42 and the signal for the other ear is supplied to the transducer 43, with the polarity arrangement as described with reference to FIG. 10. If for example the loudspeaker arrangement is suspended from the ceiling in the middle of the room, with the axis of rotation 41 parallel to the ceiling, the recordings made with the artificial head are reproduced in the room. The hearer can then position himself at the location of the dummy head, approximately at the location of the microphone 53 shown in FIG. 11, noting where front and rear are located. It wil be appreciated that the establishment of the directions `front` and `rear` may be anticipated by the transducers 42 and 43 being set in a slightly inclined angular positon in the manner shown in FIG. 17, by arranging the transducers similar to external ears, or by mounting suitable shielding means over the centre of the transducer. Although many constructions are possible with this dummy head reproduction which requires only one housing, it will be appreciated that, in view of the technique of transmission time and intensity stereophone which is currently used nowadays, it seems more advantageous at the present time for a respective loudspeaker arrangement (for example as shown in FIG. 10) to be provided for each ear signal and for the two or more transducers of each loudspeaker arrangement to be connected with the same phase.
Finally, the invention is not limited to the housing forms described above with reference to FIGS. 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 17. For example, housings are also suitable in which the cross-sections approximately correspond throughout to the cross-sections of the housing shown in FIG. 10 and are therefore for example hexagonal, while the upper and lower ends of these housings are each covered by a respective flat wall whose plan view configuration corresponds to the cross-sectional form shown in FIG. 10 and is therefore for example also hexagonal. Hybrid forms between the above-described housing configurations are also possible.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 24, 1925
|Sep 13, 1927
|Frank E Miller Radio Corp
|Push-pull reproducer
|May 9, 1952
|Apr 29, 1958
|Sound reproducing device
|Dec 27, 1966
|Jul 23, 1968
|Curtiss R. Schafer
|Loudspeaker systems
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 13, 1983
|May 27, 1986
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Speaker apparatus
|Mar 22, 1982
|Jun 17, 1986
|Moncrieff J Peter
|Sound reproduction system and method
|Nov 13, 1984
|Jun 16, 1987
|Glassco John M
|Geometrical transducer arrangements
|Mar 24, 1987
|Nov 8, 1988
|Lyngdorf Johan P
|Loudspeaker unit
|Apr 16, 1985
|Feb 14, 1989
|Quaas Juergen
|Construction of sound converter in sound guide, especially for loudspeakers, for example speaker boxes
|Apr 13, 1987
|Sep 26, 1989
|Mindel Gerard S
|Load and dispersion cell for sound
|May 26, 1987
|Nov 21, 1989
|Yee Raymond M
|Sound reproduction system
|Apr 16, 1990
|Apr 21, 1992
|Soundhour Electronic Corporation
|Sound reproduction speaker with improved directional characteristics
|Apr 30, 1990
|May 11, 1993
|Bose Corporation
|Acoustic imaging
|May 7, 1993
|Aug 30, 1994
|Marshall Ronald N
|Loudspeaker device
|May 11, 1993
|Sep 3, 1996
|One Inc.
|Stereophonic reproduction method and apparatus
|Mar 31, 1995
|Sep 2, 1997
|Bsg Laboratories
|Compact full-range loudspeaker system
|Feb 18, 1997
|Sep 29, 1998
|Wainwright; Charles E.
|Push-pull transmission line loudspeaker
|Jan 28, 1999
|Apr 25, 2000
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method and apparatus for testing transducer horn assembly for testing transducer horn assembly debubbling devices
|Mar 6, 1998
|Jul 18, 2000
|Nicosia And Reinhardt, Inc.
|Insect control apparatus and method
|Apr 24, 1998
|Mar 12, 2002
|Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd
|Multi-speaker system
|Mar 30, 1999
|Sep 30, 2003
|Paul W. Paddock
|Back to back mounted compound woofer with compression/bandpass loading
|Apr 21, 2008
|Jun 19, 2012
|Kazumichi Imai
|Recoilless speaker system
|May 28, 2013
|Eugen Nedelcu
|Opposing dual-vented woofer system
|Feb 10, 2003
|Aug 18, 2005
|Guido Noselli
|Low frequency loudspecker enclosure with configurable directivity
|Jul 13, 2006
|Feb 8, 2007
|Rauen Kenneth M
|Low frequency loudspeaker enclosure
|Apr 21, 2008
|Nov 25, 2010
|Kazumichi Imai
|Recoilless speaker system
|Apr 2, 2015
|Oct 22, 2015
|Zorzo Co., Ltd.
|Dec 17, 2013
|Nov 19, 2015
|Panamax35 LLC
|Destructive interference microphone
|Apr 21, 2008
|Sep 25, 2013
|Recoilless speaker system
|Apr 21, 2008
|Jun 23, 2010
|Imai, Kazumichi
|Recoilless speaker system
|Dec 3, 1984
|Jun 6, 1985
|Yee Raymond M
|Sound reproduction system
|Apr 11, 1991
|Oct 31, 1991
|Linaeum Corporation
|Audio transducer system
|Sep 17, 1998
|Mar 23, 2000
|Wainwright Charles E
|Transmission line loudspeaker with compound driver
|Nov 14, 2014
|Mar 3, 2016
|Qsources Bvba
|Device for creating a sound source
|U.S. Classification
|381/89, 381/308, 181/153, 181/144, 381/59
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
A scenario based big data mobile marketing platform, consists of PUSH, PMP, DMP and many other products. aBeacon is committed to create a new marketing approach.
Accurate User Profile
aBeacon has covered more than one billion users, by analyzing online and offline behavior to build accurate user profiles.
LBS All Over China
aBeacon has millions of POI around China, which can accurately capture scenarios.
Private Premium Inventory
aBeacon has deep corporations with top media, assuring advertising quality and arrival.
Client Case Studies
To target high-end consumer intended to buy cars in Guangzhou and had been to a Maserati or competitors' experience center in past one month and use Geo-fencing technology to push models and test drive places.
To target users over 18 years old, and have a strong demand for taxi, and set geo-fence in commonly used taxi points. When target user get into geo-fence, they will receive promotion information.
Venetian Macao
Through a unique cold data technique, precisely select users within a 1 km radius of Macao closed port and Lotus port to trigger instant ads push when they get into the Geo-fence.
Find out 20-35 year old frequent users of group buys App andpush useful information within the 1km radius to 9 Xi'an stores.
L'Oréal Paris : For Men
Filter 18-35 and fashion-conscious men nationwide, and advertise two creative ads one week before the campaign, one is men's new l ' Oréal spokesperson Boran Jing-themed version, the other is the product offers promotion information. The one has higher clicks is advertised in campaign.
Select target audience with 5km radius, and push ads to attract them to the LED screen to join in interactions. The participants posted their declarations onto the big screen, instantly becoming the "headlines".
More Clients
Our Partners
The first ad platform in China to utilize Geographic fence technology, aBeacon data marketing has developed PUSH, PMP, DMP and many capabilities to serve top brands in big data marketing implementation.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jai Shree Ganesh AutomationNagpur, Maharashtra
view all
Established in the year 2011 as a Sole Proprietorship Individual Firm, we, "Jai Shree Ganesh Automation", are listed among one of the leading traders and suppliers of high quality Digital Panel Meter, APFC Panel, PLC Control Panel, Switch Gear Panel, AC Drive and Inductive Sensor. Our electronic products and panels are well designed to handle high voltage and voltage fluctuation. We are authorized channel partners with the leading names like LENZE Germany (Drives, Motors & Automation), TURCK Germany (Sensors & Transmitters) and Neptune India Limited (Capacitors, APFC Panels & Digital Panel Meters). Our products are manufactured using super quality raw material and components and offered to our customers at most competitive prices. The motto of our organisation is to attain 100% customer satisfaction and that's why we supply products, which are highly appreciated by our clients for their optimum quality. We are looking for queries from Nagpur, Maharashtra.
|Year of Establishment
|Legal Status of Firm
Sole Proprietorship (Individual)
|Nature of Business
Trader, Supplier, Distributor
|Number of Employees
Upto 10 People
Nagpur - 440030
Maharashtra, India


text:
During activation of plugin the following "unexpected output" error is shown if the site is protected by HTTP Basic authentication (.htaccess)
The plugin generated xxx characters of unexpected output during activation. If you notice "headers already sent" messages, problems with syndication feeds or other issues, try deactivating or removing this plugin.
With WordPress debugging enabled, the reason can be seen:
Warning: fopen(http://example.com/wordpress/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1350641669.2885849475860595703125) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 401 Authorization Required in /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-http.php on line 923
The call to wp-cron should be "silent" in the plugin.


text:
I have a web page which contains jquery plugins whose initialization code is placed in document.ready event. My problem is while the page is loading the plugins take time for being applied, for example in the top of the page I am using a plugin for tabs and in the body of the page there's an images slider plugin and also a plugin that truncates text in some paragraphs, what happens is when I request the page and while it's being displayed in browser, the plugins seems to be not bound to the elements for example all the tabs containers are collapsed below each other as well as the images that supposed to be sliding horizontally they are all on top of each other and the text that supposed to be truncated isn't and once the page completely finish loading all the plugins take effect, I can see all the tabs containers jumping up to be correctly displayed, and the text suddenly gets truncated. The client is complaining from this behavior of page elements being collapsed then assembled, it really looks very ugly. I don't know how to solve this.
Can anyone help me? Thanks in advance


text:
Members' Spotlight
Else, Stephanie
Sunset & Sea - Textured glass window panels suspended on cable.
Stephanie Else/Glass in Fusion
Stephanie Else
Glass Artist and Designer
From my studio in Brighton, I produce an array of kiln formed glassware & jewellery as well as undertaking interior design projects & private commissions.
As a self taught artist, I have been working & experimenting with glass for over 15 years. 'Glass in Fusion' is the development of that knowledge into a unique range of both decorative & functional works of art and bespoke pieces.
Details about work or recent projects
Vibrant colour & surface texture are combined with metals, metal oxides & lustres to create unique designs with fantastic depth. The random bubble formations, colour shifts & the unpredictable nature of the glass itself allow for every piece to be completely individual.
Unit 9, Beaconsfield Studios
25 Ditchling Rise
Brighton East Sussex BN1 4QL
United Kingdom
Technique:Kiln work
Occupation:Artist, Educator
Discipline:Decorative, Design, Functional, Jewellery
Areas of Interest:Competitions, Exhibition, Marketing


text:
Workshop Program
Accepted Papers
Workshop Photos
One Page Summary Leaflet
Sixth International Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development
10th Int'lWorkshop on Aspect-Oriented Modeling
Vancouver, Canada, 13 March 2007
Papers & Slides
Call for Papers
Aspect-orientation is a rapidly advancing technology.
New and powerful aspect-oriented programming techniques
are presented at many international venues every year.
However, it is not clear what features of such
techniques are "common aspect-oriented concepts" and
what features are rather language-specific specialties.
Research in aspect-oriented modeling has the potential
to help find such common characteristics from a
perspective that is at a more abstract level (i.e.,
programming language-independent).
The Aspect-Oriented Modeling (AOM) Workshop brings
together researchers and practitioners from two
communities, aspect-oriented software development (AOSD)
and software model engineering. This workshop provides a
forum for presenting new ideas and discussing the state
of research and practice in modeling various kinds of
crosscutting concerns at different levels of
abstraction. The goals of the workshop are to identify
and discuss the impacts of aspect-oriented technologies
on model engineering to provide aspect-oriented software
developers with general modeling means to express
aspects and their crosscutting relationships onto other
software artifacts.
Workshop Topics
We are interested in submissions on all topics related
to aspects and model engineering including, but not
limited to:
Aspect-Oriented Modeling
Defining essential characteristics of a crosscutting
that need to be modeled
Verification and validation of aspect-oriented
Composition of aspect-oriented models
Modeling of aspects at different stages of software
(requirements engineering, sw architecture, design,
Application of AOM to modeling notations that are
not tied to UML
Aspect-Oriented UML
Identification of UML elements that can be used to
model aspects
Identification of UML elements that can NOT be used
to model aspects
Aspect-oriented support in UML 2.0
Extensions to UML for supporting AOSD
AOSD Method and Tool Support
Aspect-oriented and model-based software development
existing UML tools in AOSD life-cycles
tools and extensions to existing tools to support
Aspect-Oriented Modeling Case Studies
Detailed examples that demonstrate how a certain
concern can be
modeled during software development throughout the
development stages
Model-Oriented AOP and JPM
point selection at model levels (model based
languages, model-based join point description,
weaving based on
model transformation, etc.)
UML, MDA, etc. as a support to the JPM
based aspect evolution
weaving: from abstract to low-level
engineering tools for supporting aspect-oriented
based aspect interference and composition management
Prospective participants are invited to submit 4-6 page
position papers following the ACM Format Guidelines (http://www.acm.org/sigs/pubs/proceed/template.html) to:
email@example.com .
All submissions will be reviewed by members of the
program and the organizing committee for quality and
relevance. Submissions must be original - papers that
have been published previously or that are
simultaneously submitted to other workshops still under
review are not permitted. Submitted papers must be in
PDF format and should be submitted to:
Authors of accepted papers will be invited to submit an extended version of their submissions after the workshop, competing for publication in a JOT special issue on aspect-oriented modeling that will be published in August 2007 (http://www.jot.fm).
Submission deadline: January 22, 2007
Notification date: Febrary 5, 2007
Camera Ready deadline: Febrary 28, 2007
Workshop date: March 12, 2007
Omar Aldawud, Lucent Technologies, USA
Walter Cazzola, Univ. of Milano, Italy
Tzilla Elrad, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA
Jeff Gray, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
Jörg Kienzle, McGill University, Canada
Dominik Stein, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
M. Aks¸it Univ. of Twente, NL
O. Aldawud Lucent Technology, USA
A. v. d. Berg Motorola Labs, USA
W. Cazzola Univ. of Milano, I
T. Cottenier Illinois Inst. of Tech., USA
T. Elrad Illinois Inst. of Tech., USA
R. France Colorado State Univ., USA
S. Ghosh Colorado State Univ., USA
J. Gray UAB, USA
S. Hanenberg Univ. of Duisburg-Essen, D
A. Jackson Trinity College, Ireland
J.-M. J´ez´equel IRISA, F
J. Kienzle McGill University, CA
K. Mens Catholic Univ. of Louvain, B
A. Pierantonio Univ. of Aquila, I
A. Rashid Lancaster University, UK
R. Reddy Rochester Inst. of Tech., USA
D. Stein Univ. of Duisburg-Essen, D
M. V¨olter Consultant for SW Tech., D
Home | CFP
| Committees |
| Program


text:
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text:
After the Bell
Before the Bell
Jim Cramer's Daily Booyah
Midday Bell
Top 10
Winners & Losers
1. Based on HP analysis as of Jan. 2013
Let the charts explain.
Trade-Ideas LLC identified Mellanox Technologies (MLNX) as a weak on high relative volume candidate
Here's a look at major tech stories in the news for Thursday.
Stocks with insider trader activity include OPHT, MMS and MLNX
©1996-2016 TheStreet, Inc. All rights reserved.
Action Alerts PLUS is a registered trademark of TheStreet, Inc.


text:
Take Time Out – To Check In On Your Progress
Take time out to know where you are and what comes next on your agenda.
We all know the importance of goal setting, having to do lists and basically having some kind of plan in place to keep us on track through our day, week, month and year. So it's important to take time out, not only to plan in the first place but to check in on your progress.
To get some context on the point I want to talk about lets just cover a 1 week period.
Every Sunday night a do a list for the week for the things I want to achieve for that week and each night before my head hits the pillow I make a list of things for the following day. These generally come for the list I made for the week and any other things that may crop up that need to be dealt with.
During each day, usually around lunchtime I will take time out to have a bite to eat and to look at how I am making progress for the day on my list for that day.
You see things may crop up and sidetrack you from what you had on your agenda for the day. Which is fine, because things like that happen but that taking time out to check in on your progress can help you re-focus to the tasks at hand.
The same can be done for your to do list for the week. Midweek I will take time out, say an hour, out of my day to, again check in on my progress for the week and to re-adjust what it is I am doing if it's necessary.
The important thing is to take time out at some point to check in on your progress. It will help keep you focused and on track for your end goal.
Marketing Niche News


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|John Boyle <jhnboyle...@gmail.com>
|Re: Installation
|Tue, 15 May 2012 19:08:05 GMT
On 5/15/2012 11:55 AM, Larry Gusaas wrote: > On 2012-05-15 12:05 PM Richard Gravel wrote: >> I downloaded oo 3.4 to instal over my (working) 3.3. Writer >> works for a few seconds, then it crashes. It recovers, work again for >> a few seconds, and crashes again... forever. >> >> I did a full de-install, downloaded a new copy, installed it, >> restarted the computer...same result. >> >> Working under Windows SP3. >> >> Richard > > Reset you user profile. For instructions see: > http://user.services.openoffice.org/en/forum/viewtopic.php?f=74&t=12426#p58403 > > To Mr. Gusaas: If this were a truely simple and straightforward upgrade, no one should have to reset anything! They never had to before, so why now? Of what real advantage does 3.4 give anyone, who simply needs a really good word processing program and has found that most of OOo of any version, packs too much into itself for most home users!!!!!:-\ :-( --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
Hotel Waldhaus
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
Travelers also recommend:
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TripAdvisor Reviews Hotel Waldhaus Gleissenberg
Travel Blogs from Gleissenberg
All things beer..
... face down to avoid both the guilt trip and shame brought by begging. This was different to Krakow as many beggers carried signs 'money for beer'. Older women pushing carts collecting rubbish and the homeless woken cruely in the morning reminded me of my blessings.
Plzen ...
Day 8: Erdinger Brewery and Uncle Manfred
... be easier to give the tour. We went with the first group and our tour guide started off talking about the different hops used to make beer. We then went onto different sections and ended up at their automated warehouse. The beer sits here and extra 3-4 weeks because they put in a little extra sugar and beer will ferment more during this time.
The ending of the tour ended back where we had the first ...
Somewhere near Straubing Bavaria
... amazing. Salzberg was very busy, we walked into the old town with the guide Antonia from Spain showing us around Austria. Bit different!! Nice guy tho. Nearly deafened yes on the way home with Mozart and the Sound of Music CDs. Was happy to. get back. It's 11pm and have just come in from the floor show, an Aussie guy who lives in Austria. Brett Reid. Good night. Will write again tomorrow. I need sleep. Love to you all. ...
Great German!
... wiki/Walhalla_ memorial
In total there were over 100 busts and half as many plaques depicting people ranging from Goethe, Luther, Schiller, Einstein, Charlemagne, Erasmus and Guttenberg. A lot of them I had never heard of before like the Holy Roman Emperors and various military commanders. The newer busts were terribly made compared to the original ones and looked poorly carved. It isn't clear why Ludwig chose this spot in particular, but it does ...
The Devil is in the detail....
... and we arrived mid morning. Being school holidays the town was absolutely packed and we decided we would move on, to somewhere a little quieter.
As we were heading to the Czech Republic, we thought Plzen would be a good place to go, Ken could satisfy his European beer hunt at the Mecca of brewing in the Czech Republic and we would be within easy reach of Prague…. Jumped online and booked ...


text: food Slice, Dice, Chop Or Julienne: Does The Cut Change The Flavor? By Carolyn Beans • Jul 11, 2016 The food processor is, for me, hugely disappointing. Before owning one, I used to see them looking all shiny and powerful in the department store, and I'd fantasize about never chopping a vegetable by hand again. I failed to consider that cookbook authors have particular ideas about how each ingredient should be prepped. The food processor, no matter how many blades it may come with, often doesn't cut it. A Longing For Lentils, Or How I Learned To Find Home Where The Daal Is By Kavitha Rao • Jul 8, 2016 I have lived in eight countries and 10 cities. I have never lived anywhere for longer than six years. But the one constant in my life, my anchor in a changing world, my defense against perpetual culture shock, is my pot of daal. Daal -- yellow, red, brown or black — is a staple across India. It is often described, inadequately, I think, as lentil soup. Except it's so much more. Click For Fewer Calories: Health Labels May Change Online Ordering Habits By Carolyn Beans • Jun 28, 2016 Thanks to the rise of food delivery services like Grubhub and Eat24, it's getting easier to order meals online. Celery: Why? Celery, the mild-mannered straight man of the vegetable world, packs a puny six calories per stalk and — in my opinion — about as much flavor as a desk lamp. Yet despite its limitations, the fibrous plant has featured in Mediterranean and East Asian civilizations for thousands of years. The paradox puzzled me enough that I called a bunch of specialists at the intersection of botany and anthropology to pick their brains. They shared their best guesses about how celery sneaked into our diets. Copycake: When Food Art Ideas Get Swiped By Heidi Glenn • Jun 8, 2016 Where do you draw the line between inspiration and straight-up imitation when it comes to food? A few years ago, we brought you the story of Caitlin Freeman, a pastry chef baking innovative, art-inspired cakes at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Using modern art as her muse, Freeman translated what she saw in the museum into edible form at the SFMOMA's upstairs café. Dinner In The Dark? They Mean It, At The Blind Cafe By Ed Ronco • May 28, 2016 Courtesy of The Blind Cafe This week on Sound Effect our theme is "Out of the Darkness," but KPLU's Ed Ronco and Ariel Van Cleave found that going into the darkness can shed a lot of light on the world around you, and even your own personality. The Blind Café is a pop-up event that travels the country, offering guests the chance to have dinner in the dark. Not candlelight. Not a dimly lit room. We're talking total, 100 percent, pitch black. How A Cheating Man Gave Rise To Nashville's Hot Chicken Craze By Debbie Elliott • Apr 28, 2016 Nashville Hot Chicken is showing up everywhere lately, from fast-food marquees to trendy restaurant menus. But to find the real thing, you might start in a nondescript strip mall on the northeast side of Nashville, Tenn. Here at Prince's Hot Chicken Shack, people line up long before the doors open to get their fix. "Need my hot chicken," says construction worker Jose Rodriguez as he approaches the kitchen window to place his order. "I'm going to get two hot of the breast quarters." Environmental Campaign Urges People To Be Thankful For Pollinators This Thanksgiving By Bellamy Pailthorp • Nov 24, 2015 Waugsberg / Wikimedia Creative Commons Imagine what your Thanksgiving table would look like without any food that is pollinated by bees. It's a challenge issued by the group Environment Washington, which is highlighting the issue with a campaign called "No Bees, No Food." Canvassers for the group say if bees die off, then turkey, rolls and potatoes are all that would be left on the table. Dairy products would be endangered. And you can forget about vegetables or traditional pies. The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland Editor's note: Today is National Sandwich Day. To mark the occasion, we bring you this story from our archives. It was originally published in 2012. White bread, like vanilla, is one of those foods that have become a metaphor for blandness. But it wasn't always that way. Why They Call It "Horse"radish By Dick Stein • Aug 12, 2015 The L & T Cheryl DeGroot Listen Listening... / 3:44 The pleasures and uses of horseradish. Nancy Leson asked me how the horseradish got its name. It's not because of its resemblance to a certain part of a horse. And it's not because horses like to eat it -- the stuff's actually poisonous to them. The "Horse" in horseradish is just an antique adjective describing anything large or strong. For my taste, the stronger the better. It's not hard to grate your own horseradish but if you do, it wouldn't hurt to wear a nuke suit or at least a gas mask when you do. Once the cell walls of the root are broken down two chemicals previously kept separate combine to form allyl isothiocyanate -- the stuff that shoots the vaporized razor blades through your sinuses. It's the plant's natural defense against getting eaten. Ironic, no? From The Food For Thought Vaults: Epiphany! Make An Iceberg-Blue Cheese Layer Cake By Dick Stein • Jul 1, 2015 thegreenbeet.com Listen Listening... / 3:18 Dick tells Nancy about a cool way to slice the humble iceberg/blue cheese salad. As I tell Nancy Leson in this week's Food for Thought, I have had an iceberg lettuce epiphany. A voice whispered, "Slice it horizontally." What's More Nutritious, Orange Juice Or An Orange? It's Complicated By Maria Godoy • Jan 22, 2015 We all could probably eat more fruits and vegetables. But if forced to choose between whole fruit or a glass of juice, which one seems more healthful? Happy Foragers Finding Bumper Crop of Wild Mushrooms By Bellamy Pailthorp • Oct 11, 2013 Justin Steyer / KPLU Wild mushrooms are going gangbusters this year in the Pacific Northwest, thanks to just the right weather conditions, and foragers are rejoicing after last year's shortage. Among them is James Nowak, an amateur mycologist who spends most of his days working with mushrooms. When he's not out in a forest hunting for mushrooms, he grows them in his lab in Seattle or processes them for sale to restaurants and home cooks. Waiting for a Table By Nancy Leson & Dick Stein • Oct 2, 2013 Heather W. / Yelp.com Listen Listening... / 3:50 So how long would you be willing to stand on line for a table at a popular restaurant? Ten minutes? A half hour? Longer? Not KPLU's Dick Stein, as he tells Seattle Times food writer Nancy Leson on today's Food for Thought. The real reason no one buys produce in low-income areas By Keith Seinfeld • Jan 30, 2013 Keith Seinfeld / KPLU Listen Listening... / 4:44 What if fresh foods were easier to find in lower income neighborhoods? Would that lead to less obesity and disease? King County has been testing this idea by offering store-owners a free "makeover" to help them sell fresh produce. They discovered: selling fresh fruits and vegetables poses surprising challenges. Some are cultural, since many small stores are owned by recent immigrants. Others involve the hidden world of produce wholesaling. Cutting sugar consumption helps keep extra weight off By Nancy Shute • Jan 16, 2013 How evil is sugar? That's long been a hard question for researchers to answer. Most of the studies about sugar's health effects to date have been too small, too short-term, or too poorly designed to nail it one way or another. Elvis Left The Building Long Ago, But His Food (And Music) Lives On Elvis Presley was better known for his music than his gourmet tastes. But he did have a famous affinity for the fried goodness of the American South — and he had the waistline to prove it. In honor of what would have been the King of Rock 'n' Roll's 78th birthday, let's take a look at some of his legendary eating habits. Not just for coffee anymore: A look at the rise of caffeinated foods That buzz from your morning cup of joe waning? How about a quick boost from caffeinated mints, gum, Perky Jerky or, from the makers of Cracker Jack, coffee-flavored Cracker Jack'd snacks? It's not just coffee and tea and soda anymore. "There's a proliferation of foods; all kinds of things are now being caffeinated," says Michael Jacobson of the Center for Science in the Public Interest. Northwest Wild Mushrooms In Short Supply Northwest wild mushrooms are in short supply this year. That's had a big impact on the region's lucrative mushroom hunting industry. It's also changed what's on fall restaurant menus in the Northwest and across the nation. At Pagliacci Pizza in Seattle this autumn customers are often coming home to their families without the coveted mushroom Primo Pizza. The Northwest's bleak mushroom crop means sometimes the stores cut back on the number of pies, or don't have them at all. Out of the binder, into the kitchen: Working women and cooking Mitt Romney is getting a lot of heat for his somewhat awkward comments about women in the workplace during Tuesday night's presidential debate. The Internet's meme makers made merry with Romney's comment about the "binder full of women" that he sought out to work for him during his stint as Massachusetts governor. Cue the obligatory Ryan Gosling meme. Bacon IN your coffee? Seattle's Best to sell bacon-flavored joe By Jake Ellison • Sep 5, 2012 Wendy / Flickr Apparently bacon goes with everything … including in and not just with coffee. Seattle's Best Coffee held a series of contests for a new coffee recipe and the winner, from Des Moines, infused her coffee concoction with caramelized bacon. 5 lessons in extreme locavore dining By Mallory Kaniss • Aug 31, 2012 Mallory Kaniss / KPLU I've never eaten so many flowers in my life – Anise-Hyssop, Borage, Nasturtium, Day Lily … But it turns out flowers are common fare in extreme locavore/organic dining. That's the first thing I learned at the Herbfarm restaurant and gardens where I went to explore how chefs there make the restaurant's strict locavore, organic dinners. Schools rush to reform lunches; more whole grains and veggies required By Keith Seinfeld • Aug 31, 2012 Keith Seinfeld / KPLU The rush is on, to get healthier lunches into public school cafeterias. But administrators say you almost need an advanced degree to comply with the latest rules. Trial 'mini-grocery' brings fresh food to poor neighborhoods By Keith Seinfeld • Aug 13, 2012 Stockbox You might have trouble finding any attractive vegetables or fruits if you shop in the wrong stores. It's especially challenging in poor neighborhoods, where mini-marts packed with beer, cigarettes and junk food may be all you can find. One solution to be tested in Seattle this month will be in the form of a healthy corner store. Call it a mini-grocery. Manju: A taste of home for Seattle's Japanese community Manju (MAHN-jew) are Japanese dough buns — often sweet — made from pounded rice flour dough and flavored fillings. In Japanese culture, a box of manju is what you'd take to someone's house on a special occasion, like Children's Day. Or you might simply snack on it with a cup of tea. But manju have to be eaten fresh, and they're pretty labor intensive, so nowadays, they can be hard to find. Tired Of Mowing Your Lawn? Try Foodscaping It Instead By Blake Farmer • Jun 2, 2012 When the economy began its steep decline in 2008, almost everything related to housing hit the skids, including the lawn and garden industry. But one sector escaped the pinch: food gardening. In fact, food gardening sales nationwide have spiked 20 percent since then, and they've stayed there. While many households started growing food to be more budget-conscious, some are deciding vegetables and fruits can be beautiful, too. Clean Your Grill, And Other Hot Holiday Tips From Food Network's Alton Brown If there's one grilling tip to remember this Memorial Day weekend, it should be this: Flame is bad. "Flame does nasty things to food," food historian and science guy Alton Brown tells NPR's Scott Simon in the kick-off segment of Weekend Edition's "Taste of Summer" series. Panel recommends harvest cutbacks on small schooling fish By Tom Banse • Apr 2, 2012 An international research panel recommends cutting in half the global harvest of small, schooling fish like sardines, anchovy and herring. The group included researchers from the Northwest. The panel estimates little fish are roughly twice as valuable in the sea as in the net because so many larger sea creatures prey on them. Oregon State University professor Selina Heppell co-authored the study. She's proud to say the sardine and mackerel fisheries on the U.S. West Coast are already managed quite conservatively. Fish and spices top list of imported foods that make us sick Disease outbreaks with imported foods are on the rise, and fish and spices are the foods most likely to cause problems. It's not that imported foods are any nastier than home-grown, according to a presentation today from researchers at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It's that we're eating a lot more of them. Auburn man wins Great American SPAM Championship By Dave Meyer • Mar 6, 2012 The Blue Ribbon Group An airplane mechanic from Auburn has won the top prize in the Great American SPAM Championship. 41-year old Jason Munson's Mini Maple SPAM Doughnuts won a blue ribbon last September at the Puyallup Fair. His recipe went on to the national competition, where this week it beat out 800 other entries for the top honors. Pages1 2 next › last »


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Fixed PriceBudget: $10
Start DateJanuary 28, 2014
Hi fellow musicians.
Currently I have a quick job for you to make me a midi from 8 wavs:
- rhythmic + melodic strings
- brass
- woodwinds
- choir
- etc.
It is an orchestral composition that I need to be rewritten.
Please attach some works you already did in the past.
Activity on this Job
Last Viewed by Client: 2 years ago
Hired: 1
About the Client
Opole 11:04 PM
Jobs Posted
54% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
Total Spent
18 Hires, 3 Active
Avg Hourly Rate Paid
19 Hours


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Jose Alberto Fernandez" <j_a_fernan...@yahoo.com>
|Re: Speaking of deprecation...
|Sat, 09 Feb 2002 14:31:13 GMT
Talking about replication, is it there a way to find out if a method or class is deprecated by using reflection? How do compilers and IDEs find this information out? Could our Introspection code do the same and provide remove the burden from the code writer? There are several things that could be achieved this way, for example we could automagically manage using attributes with new signatures (and not just assume that String versions are inferior. In any case, how would one go on doing something like that, I could not find it in Javadoc. Jose Alberto ----- Original Message ----- From: <email@example.com> To: "Ant Developers List" <email@example.com>; "Stephane Bailliez" <firstname.lastname@example.com> Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 7:53 PM Subject: Re: Speaking of deprecation... > On Fri, 8 Feb 2002, Stephane Bailliez wrote: > > > > good reasons, like 'we prefer a different name for this > > > attribute' ), they should remain in the documentation > > > with the 'deprecated' mark and maybe a justification > > > for the reason it was deprecated and who made the decision > > > and when. > > > > Should we say 'where' as well ? :-) > > That would be a good things too :-) > > But at least the reason would be a great resource for > users and potential contributors since would avoid > repeating the same mistake. > > > > > I really _hate_ the 'deprecated' message in ant. Especially when it's > > > > I hate also the deprecated message in the java compiler but it is here to > > remind me something. > > Fortunately I think I rarely use deprecated methods/class since a > > sophisticated IDE usually identify this during auto-completion. > > > > But maybe we can add a -deprecated to Ant to be javac like. > > > > I have seen colleagues of mine using deprecated methods without knowing it > > (and with a kind of magnet with using deprecated method) they didn't even > > care until the day I turned on deprecation on all our build files to stop > > this abuse, when they first compiled it you should have seen their face > > "horror, the code does not compile, I have loads of errors ! What's wrong > > ?", "you're using deprecated methods, dude, fix this." > > Or a different perspective - I do use deprecated methods and classes all > the time, knowing it. It is a requirement for tomcat3.x to work with > jdk1.1 ( I think for ant too ), it is a requirement for tomcat4.x to > work with jdk1.2 - yet I use JDK1.3, and many things are deprecated. > > It is nothing wrong with using deprecated features. > > Same for ant - I prefer to write an ant file that works with > many versions of ant, instead of requiring everyone to upgrade > to the latest. That means I have to use features that are > considered deprecated - and I think I'm doing the right thing. > > There's a difference between using Thread.stop() or > a feature that may crash my system and using a method with a > name that sounds 'better', or use subelement instead of an > attribute because it looks better. > > > > > because someone has a different taste and doesn't like the old name. > > > > AFAIK name change that have occurred were justified. The Stroop effect is > > well known and is terrible, and most of the changes are there to homogeneize > > the whole thing. It has been a user request to be somewhat homogeneous in > > the naming because newbies are mostly lost by all the different names > > meaning the same thing. You are > > > > Why having "dir", "directory", "dirname" or "tofile", "file", "destfile", > > "jarfile", "zipfile", "warfile" when you can standardize in one of them ? > > Don't you think it helps to make things more understandable ? > > Having a 'homogeneous' structure is good, having the 'nice' attributes > marked as 'prefered' in the docs is also good. > > But breaking backward compatibility and displaying warnings when someone > uses "dir" instead of "directory" is very wrong and unjustified. > > You can standardize on a naming convention for new tasks, and make sure > old tasks support the same convention - but without removing the old > names. > > What would have happened if W3C decided to use a different, > more 'homogenous' naming style for HTML every 6 months ? And what > will happen in 2 years, whith a different set of active commiters > having a different 'taste' for names ? > > > > JDK1.4 is still backward compatible with JDK1.1, including > > > a lot of stuff that's far worse than 'licence versus license' > > > naming preferences. If you have a problem a feature, say -1 when > > > it is added or before the release. Or before it is documented. > > > > For that, would you mind adding your +1 about "adding a feature in a nightly > > build n does not mean it will be there for nightly build n+1". Thank you. > > I would go even further and say 'it is ok to remove or change any > feature that is not documented', at least for the tasks and > attribute names. > > For the XML reader behavior - that's not completely documented, > but it should - and that should remain cast in stone. That > would allow a refactoring of ProjectHelper, maybe adding > namespaces, etc - as long as the documented behavior is > maintained. > > > > Costin > > > > > > > -- > To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:email@example.com> > For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:email@example.com> -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:email@example.com> For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com>
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Finally! Something for us old people!!
- chrissyj3 thinks "26 People Share The Important Reasons..." is Fail
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There's a Buzzfeed video from a few months ago where they had her try on clothes, and she was whining that none of the 22s fit her…..
- chrissyj3 thinks "This Little Detail In "Harry Potter" ..." is OMG
Madonna is like the worst drunk aunt ever.


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Results 66 to 70 of 70
Thread: Your initial reaction to...
May 7th, 2013 03:03 PM #66Ashley | namenerd | Christian | storyteller
List under major construction.
Isabelle Aurora Grace | Caleb Elias Joseph | Arianne Eleanor Daisy | Everett Joshua Charles | Grace Odilia Lily
Grant Frédéric Conrad | Adele Sofia Eloise | Casper Nathaniel Eden | Eva Madelief Kate | Samuel Gaspard John
Thinking about Lucia Charlotte and Sebastian Harbor James today.
I've recently started a story--join me! havengermany.blogspot.com
May 7th, 2013 03:10 PM #68Member
- Join Date
- May 2013
- Posts
- 55
We live in England a "Pikey" is the word used for: http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pikey
It is not a nice word!
May 7th, 2013 03:57 PM #70sylvie beatrice. poppy olivine. imogen pippa. johanna colette. reva hermione. florence bryony.
louie matthias. clement wright. hampton hugo. walter lachlan. boris jagger. dougal frederick.
May 7th, 2013 04:01 PM #72----
Mom to N
Malcolm, Tristan, Aaron, Garrett, Vincent, Clark, Euan, Thaddeus, Eli or Elias, Wesley, Peter, Nathaniel
Iris, Bridget, Bonnie, Averill, Petra, Saige, Catherine, Yvette, Viviana, Romilly, Martha, Gillian, Grace
May 7th, 2013 04:13 PM #74Senior Member
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Mission StatementVision
Cultivating and empowering members with impact the community through engagement in the arts.
Providing a learning and networking platform for creatives who market the arts.
About CAMA Members
CAMA members are interested in promoting arts and culture in greater Columbus, and fostering leadership in the field of arts marketing.
About Meetings
Meetings are held the third Wednesday every other month at various locations. Many meetings include professional guest speakers who are experts in a number of marketing disciplines.
About Membership
Benefits include professional development scholarships, employment announcements, resumé review services, free tickets to arts performances, access to Columbus Arts Festival, news and media opportunities, and more.


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PREVIEWS: "Daredevil," "Uncanny X-Men," & More Marvel Comics On Sale August 3, 2016
Comic Books
Showing results 1-8 of 8
Beasts of Burden: What the Cat Dragged In #1
The cats reign supreme in Evan Dorkin, Sarah Dyer and Jill Thompson's "Beasts of Burden: What the Cat Dragged In," which brings readers back to Burden Hill to discover the dark and extremely dangerous secret Dymphna has been hiding.
|May 9th, 2016
The Eltingville Club #1
In "The Eltingville Club" #1 by Evan Dorkin, the Eltingville Comic Book, Science-Fiction, Fantasy, Horror, and Role-Playing Club breaks up after Bill lets temporary stewardship of Joe's shop go to his head. Mayhem ensues.
|April 25th, 2014
Beasts of Burden: Hunters and Gatherers #1
The trap is sprung as the beasts of Burden Hill attempt to find out the secret of an animal eating invisible monster in Evan Dorkin & Jill Thompson's "Beasts of Burden: Hunters and Gatherers."
|March 14th, 2014
Dark Horse Presents #11
"Dark Horse Presents" continues to provide a lot of bang for your buck.
|April 18th, 2012
Dark Horse Presents #8
Dark Horse continues to deliver strong creative teams with "Dark Horse" presents. This issue features the debut of Brian Wood's new story, "The Massive."
|February 5th, 2012
Dark Horse Presents #6
There's a lot to love about the latest "Dark Horse Presents" to more than cover for an occasional misstep.
|November 23rd, 2011
Beasts of Burden/Hellboy: Sacrifice #1
"Beasts of Burden/Hellboy" truly merges the best of both worlds.
|October 27th, 2010
Beasts of Burden #1
"Beasts of Burden" follows the adventures of some four-legged furry friends on adventures unlike any your cat or dog will encounter this week.
|September 20th, 2009


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Comment Policy: Please read our new comment policy before making a comment. In short, please be respectful of others and do not engage in personal attacks. Otherwise we will revoke your comment privileges.
People are freaking out over a clip of Trump today saying that he would keep Common Core.
Here's the clip:
Re: https://t.co/9Sn7LLBCum pic.twitter.com/pU5u1hJ21f
— Josh Perry (@MrJoshPerry) February 11, 2016
But, if you look at it in context, it's clear that he just misspoke. Here's a longer clip:
This is an edit by el Scoopo himself, wherein he spliced together two different parts of the speech to show that Trump probably just slipped up.
There's no way that he changed his mind within a few minutes – NOT EVEN Trump is that flip-floppy. But then it might be pointing to the real problem with Trump as a presidential candidate:
Sure, I believe Trump is still against Common Core. But I don't think he knows what Common Core is or how to get rid of it.
— Amanda Carpenter (@amandacarpenter) February 11, 2016
I'm not gonna make a meal of the Trump gaffe on Common Core. People misspeak. But less likely when you have some clue about policy.
— Just Karl (@justkarl) February 11, 2016
El Trumpo is trying to play it off:
I was referring to the fact that Jeb Bush wants to keep common core.
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) February 11, 2016
But that's not quite accurate – he can't even bring himself to admit he screwed up.
UPDATE (TRS): Here's the full video with NO splicing in case you wanted to see it. You'll see why I spliced it. He just goes on and on and on….between clips:


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Pink polo T-shirt made of 87% polyester and 13% spandex, has a collar, short sleeves, buttoned chest placket, nike swoosh embroidered on left chest, brand tab at the hemline and fabric engineered with Dri-Fit technology
Wash care
Machine wash cold with like colours
Do not dry clean or bleach
Tumble dry low
Cool iron; do not iron on decorations
Whether you're playing tennis or hanging out with your friends, this pink jersey from nike is the perfect choice. Engineered with Nike's Dri-Fit technology, it will wick away sweat to keep you dry and comfortable, on and off the court. Team it with tracks, shorts or jeans and floaters or sports shoes for unparalleled cool.
Model statistics
The product is a size M on a model of chest 33"


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Temple Fortune's stalwart striker Jeremy Fess marked his 500th appearance for the club with a goal in the thrilling 3-3 draw against Glenthorne.
Fess, who was also celebrating his 54th birthday, helped Fortune come from behind in an enthralling encounter.
Glenthorne United A joined North London Raiders at the top of the Maccabi Masters League Division One following a 4-2 success over new boys Waldaf Town.
The east Londoners were inspired by goals from Greg Morris (2), Jamie Chapman and Marc Silver. Andrew Morrow and Hezi Yechiel replied for Town.
A solitary goal from Jonny Mack gave Southgate Harmen a win over Scrabble.
North London Raiders strengthened their position at the top of Maccabi Masters Division One with a 2‐0 win over Scrabble, inspired by goals from Darren Cohen
and Wayne Davidson.
Marc Silver was the match-winner as Glenthorne United A edged past Scrabble.
A hat‐trick from player‐manager Richard Davis plus a goal from Marc Cutler gave Waldaf Town a 4‐1 win over South Mancs. Paul Franklin netting Mancs' consolation.
Matchday three saw North London Raiders maintain their 100 per cent record in Division One with a 3-1 win over Southgate Harmen.
Goals came from Braham Hochenberg (2) and Andy Bloom, with Jamie Chapman responding.
Southgate Harmen made their first ever appearance in the Maccabi Masters Football League defeating South Mancs 2-0 in Division One with the Becker brothers, Lloyd and Russell, opening their accounts.
Also new to the league, Waldaf Town faced champions Brady Maccabi and were beaten 3-1 with goals from Nick Collins, Scott Ansher and Mark Wagman. Joel Davis replied for Town.
Strikes from Hezi Yechiel, player-manager Richard Davis and an own goal helped new boys Waldaf Town kick off season 2012-13 of the Maccabi Masters League with a thrilling 3-2 win over Scrabble.
Scrabble benefitted from an own goal of their own, with Charlie Bernstein adding the other.
So, the greatest show on earth officially gets under way on Friday. I hope you are ready?
I was in Jerusalem on Maccabiah duty the day London was named as the 2012 Olympic host city and although there has been plenty of negative coverage in the build-up, from what I've seen so far, it looks set to be a roaring success. Even the sun is shining.
Stuart Lustigman has described the Maccabi Masters as "an absolute success story" after confirming that a record number of teams would participate in season 2012/13.
The MMFL chairman this week welcomed three new teams that takes the league up to 17, with seven lining up in Division One and 10 in Division Two.
Division Two champions Glenthorne United B ended their season – and the glittering management era of John Featherman – with a 6-4 win over Marshside.
An inspired by a four-goal haul for Gary Adams and a brace from Sid Shaw saw them home.


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This step is discretionary but will greatly boost your chances of getting interest from other Christian members on the site. Introduce yourself, your hobbies and upload a nice photograph of yourself.
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Identified someone who ticks all the boxes? Send them a message or just a wink and see if anything develops. With a little luck you'll be on your way to a once in a lifetime experience.
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Posted by Caroline
I called her to represent me in an auto accident. She spent one hour going on about her auto accident, her family, etc. She then mailed me a mountain of paperwork to fill out, which was the last thing I wanted to do while in pain. I did it despite my better judgment. Now she is too busy to bother to return my calls and I have wasted all that time and effort while sick. I would not recommend her to anyone.
Posted by a Juvenile client
Brenda went the "extra mile" in handling our case. She was sympathetic as well as professional. We felt that we had a friend as well as a wonderful and competent attorney!


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