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1 Review
This jacket doesn't mess around.
Contrary to its name, The North Face Toddler Boys' True or False Reversible Fleece Jacket isn't about games. Polartec Classic Micro fleece and Heatseeker Aero insulation work together to keep him nice and toasty throughout winter. The North Face gave this jacket a reversible side with a DWR coating just in case it happens to snow on him, and the fixed hood should provide proper coverage when the snow doesn't stop.
- 100% polyester taffeta shell
- Polartec fleece lining
- Heatseeker Aero insulation
- Water-resistant
- Reversible
- Front hand pockets
- Regular fit
- Item #TNF01UJ
Tech Specs
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Have questions about this product?
He LOVES it!
Perfect for my 4yr old bright green loving nephew
Perfect for the Green Loving Nephew
- Familiarity: I gave it as a gift but have feedback to share
- Fit: True to size
I gave this as a gift to my 4yr old nephew & both he and his parents are so happy with this jacket. It is relatively heavy and the green is a perfect bright neon.
Is there a temperature rating for this jacket?


text:
Search: ChimeraSearch profiles »
shift3Match % Unknown Join to find out!
Computer. It almost runs my life, but i can live without the internet. Friends/Family. They keep you sane! Food. I love food. That is why I unfortunately have a small gut. =( Beer! I love beer. Even if i am not getting drunk, i still love to relax after a hard day of work and...
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Music: very heavy metal/death metal : Nile , Decapitated (old), Chimera , Otep , Devildriver , etc.
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For books love anything fantasy , horror Movies i love sci-fi , fantasy , thriller , horror , psych films , b-rated films , indie films etc. Music i love Hard rock , rock , heavy metal, jpop, jrock, michael jackson , david bowie . I love anime. Labyrinth , Lord of the Rings ,...
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The Delerium Test
Have you ever heard Delerium? I'm gonna test your knowledge about them... Well, maybe it could help you get to know them.
The anita blake:vampire hunter Test
Hi! And welcome to my anita blake:vampire hunter Test. if you are a true laurell k. hamilton fanatic like i am then you should ahve no problem during ...
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Much as mankind has always dreamed of destroying the sun, most of us have, at one time in our lives, dreamed about owning a chimera or some other fant...
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Though many people are familiar with the more common aspects of Greek mythology- Oedipus Rex, Pegasus and the twelve Olympians, this will test your kn...
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Moncton Hotel Guide
While visiting Moncton, be sure to visit the largest zoo in Atlantic Canada, the Magnetic Hill Zoo has over 400 animals or spend a day at the nearby Crystal Palace Amusement Park. No matter what you decide to do while there, you are sure to find great cheap hotel deals in Moncton on Expedia.ca. We can help you find hotels in downtown just as easily as airport hotels that fit your vacation budget. Our innovative reservation system will help you book the hotel you want. We will show you all the available Moncton hotels on a single page to save you the hassle of visiting multiple websites, searching for the best deals.
So what are you waiting for? Simply tell Expedia.ca the dates of your next vacation, and we will show you all the hotel Moncton available for those dates. We will help you find everything you need in a hotel room. You will be able to search by price and guest rating as well as browse the most popular hotels in Moncton. Once you have selected your hotel rooms, it is time to save even more money. Expedia.ca can help you save with flights to Moncton and discount car rentals. We offer a wide range of vacation packages that include everything you need for you Moncton getaway. Moncton vacations are a great way to escape your daily life and enjoy some new experiences.


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Check prices on hotels in Livingston
Most Popular Hotels in Livingston
Get 200 Nectar points when you book your hotel
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.
Mercure Livingston Hotel
Almondview, Livingston EH54 6QB3.0 out of 5.0
Situated near the airport, this hotel is 0.7 mi (1.1 km) from Livingston Designer Outlet and 1.4 mi (2.3 km) from Almondvale …
Bankton House Hotel
Murieston, Livingston EH54 9aq3.0 out of 5.0
Situated near the airport, this hotel is within 3 mi (5 km) of Livingston Designer Outlet, Almondvale Stadium, and Five …
Livingston Lodge Hotel
Hawkbrae, Livingston EH54 6TW2.5 out of 5.0
Situated in Livingston, this hotel is 1.1 mi (1.8 km) from Almondvale Stadium and 1.7 mi (2.7 km) from Livingston Designer …
Macdonald Houstoun House
Uphall, Broxburn EH52 6JS4.0 out of 5.0
Situated in a rural location, this romantic hotel is within 6 mi (10 km) of Almondvale Stadium, Livingston Designer Outlet …
Norton House Hotel & Spa
Ingliston, Newbridge EH28 8LX4.0 out of 5.0
Situated near the airport, this spa hotel is 1.9 mi (3.1 km) from Edinburgh International Climbing Arena Ratho and 2 mi (3.3 …
Novotel Edinburgh Park
15 Lochside Avenue, Edinburgh EH11 4DG4.0 out of 5.0
Set in the city's eastern flank, Novotel Edinburgh Park is a 2-minute walk from Edinburgh Park Train Station and a 10-minute …
Edinburgh Marriott Hotel
111 Glasgow Road, Edinburgh EH12 8NF4.0 out of 5.0
Located between Edinburgh Airport and Zoo this hotel is a 5 minute walk from the Gyle Shopping mall and Edinburgh Business …
Cruachan Bed and Breakfast
78 East Main Street, Bathgate EH47 7QS4.0 out of 5.0
Situated in a rural location, this bed & breakfast is within 6 mi (10 km) of Five Sisters Zoo, Almondvale Stadium, and …
Sheraton Grand Hotel & Spa, Edinburgh
1 Festival Square, Edinburgh EH3 9SR5.0 out of 5.0
This hotel is located in the financial district, next to the West End business and entertainment area and a five-minute walk …
The Roxburghe Hotel
38 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh EH2 4HQ4.0 out of 5.0
This central Edinburgh hotel overlooks the gardens of Charlotte Square, and is a 15-minute walk from Haymarket and Waverley …
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Break Up Quotes, Sayings about break ups
When you broke up with me ..I thought I was the stupid one to tell you good bye…But right now I think I was even more stupid to tell you hello..!!
Sometimes you just have to smile, pretend everythings ok, hold back the tears, and just walk away.
I get the point that I should leave you alone but we both know that I'm not that strong.
Never cry over somebody who was never really there to stay.
Last night I was in your arms again…..Then I woke up!
Love is like thin glass. Break it and you never fix it.
It's easy to fall in love, the hard part is forgetting about it.
Sometimes when I look you in the eyes, you're not even there. I can't believe that it's over.
One day you will know the pain I had gone through,
Because one day you too will truly love.
So be careful and take care.
He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot loose.
– Jim Elliot
GIRL: breaks up with GUY
Guy: "You know you'll never find someone like me again."
Girl:"I hope so. Thats why I broke up with you!"
The one you thought was your night in shining armour just turned out to be a retard in a tin suit.
Baby… Take the L out of Lover, and we are OVER! =)
I didn't asked to be loved, it was given freely… Yet the cost was immeasurable when taken away.
Finish what you started. Even Love needs to have an ending.


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Kliban's Cats by B. Kliban
- August 21, 2012
- From Beginning
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Comments (13) (Please sign in to comment)
That's what happens when you start messing around with gene splicing.
Don't you love it when the cat insists you are not going anywhere?
Which one is Gene?
My cat Boots was only 5 and a half weeks old when I got him, he was so tiny I was afraid my other cat was going to eat him
When he ate it was with such a vigor that I could almost hear a little voice saying "I gotta get Big!"
He got big, and at 4 years old he seems to still be growing
Last time we weighed him he was just over 20 pounds, he's so long when he lays across our bed he almost reaches side to side
Not sure if exposure to my Nuclear Coffee had anything to do with it
…this is just a continuation of any cat's sitting on your newspaper, book, chair, dinner, or anything else you wanted to use, instead of paying homage to them…
….AND…I LOVE the look of utter unconcern in his eyes!!!
Yes, your coffee probably helped in the growth!
My first cat, Ollie, would give me the dirtiest look when I would ask her to get off my snuggly down coat so I could wear it.
BAD kitty! No can opener tonight for YOU! You're going to have to eat the tuna CANS AND ALL!
You should not leave your bike out, you never know who may come up to it to sit on it..
Stretching out his tail, Boots does cover a Queen sized bed side to side
Could just be hot. I always liked the saying "You can tell the heat of the day by the length of the cat."
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- Elspeth explores a culture of drinking to excess, by reflecting on her own life and tragic loss. ...Thursday 16 June 2016
- Loren O'Keeffe's brother Dan walked out of the family home in 2011 and didn't come back....Wednesday 28 January 2015
- Jayne Newling took many years to recover from the loss of her son, Christopher, to suicide....Monday 5 October 2015
- Patrick McGorry believes the growing awareness of mental health issues has not been matched by action. ...Tuesday 6 October 2015
- Courage and a series of surprising events helped Lesley win justice for herself and others, and a better life for her children....Thursday 1 October 2015
Explore by Topic
Latest Suicide stories on ABC Canberra
Latest Suicide stories on ABC Online
- Family members are surprised that an inquiry into the closure of the Barrett Centre mental health facility found the arrangements 'adequate' after teenagers took their own lives just months after the centre closed....Monday 18 July 2016
- A leading mental health expert is calling on federal parliamentarians to get more health professionals and services to regional parts of Australia. A recent federal electorate study found the seat of Longman, north east of Brisbane, has some of the highest suicide rates in the country. It ...Monday 18 July 2016
- Thousands of people have signed a petition calling for a royal commission into what researchers say are 'catastrophic' levels of suicide among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Five per cent of people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander heritage are taking their own lives. ...Thursday 14 July 2016
- Melbourne woman Lisa is a mother and a teacher, who, with her husband Richard, had two boys. (Theyve asked that their surname be withheld.) In 2011, as his year 12 was finishing and his HSC exams approached, their eldest son, Elliot, died by suicide. Journalist Ginger Gorman has written on the topic ...Thursday 14 July 2016
- A decade long audit has for the first time quantified the suicide rate among indigenous people in Western Australia's Kimberley. The research published in the Medical Journal of Australia reveals Aboriginal people in the region are dying from suicide at rate seven times the national average. ...Monday 27 June 2016


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Warm antibody hemolytic anemia
Other Names for this Disease
- Warm-reacting-antibody hemolytic anemia
- Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Warm antibody AIHA
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.
autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It is defined by the presence of autoantibodies that attach to and destroy red blood cells at temperatures equal to or greater than normal body temperature.[1][2] The disease is characterized by symptoms related to anemia, including fatigue, difficulty breathing, jaundice and dark urine. In severe disease, fever, chest pain, syncope or heart failure may occur. Hemolysis (the breakdown of red blood cells) occurs mainly in the spleen, so mild splenomegaly is relatively common. Treatment typically involves a corticosteroid like prednisone. In cases that don't respond to treatment, splenectomy may be considered. Chronic and severe disease may be treated with Rituximab or immunosuppressive medications. [2]Warm antibody hemolytic anemia is the most common form of
Last updated: 12/19/2012
- Lichtin AE. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia. Merck Manual. 2016; http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia.
- Michel M. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, warm type. Orphanet. August 2012; http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=90033. Accessed 12/19/2012.
GARD Video TutorialsLearn how to find information on treatment, research, specialists, and more.
Contact GARDContact a GARD Information Specialist with your questions about this condition.
On this page
Basic Information
- The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has information on this topic. NHLBI is part of the National Institutes of Health and supports research, training, and education for the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In Depth Information
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch's tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
Other Names for this Disease
- Warm-reacting-antibody hemolytic anemia
- Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Warm antibody AIHA
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.


text: asac, If I'm not wrong that master was bug 90037 but since this report was older I marked bug 90037 as duplicate of this one. So when John requested to mark this bug as our master I said it was fine for me. The stacktraces of both bugs are almost the same. Of course if you think that its better to leave bug 90037 as the master it will be OK for me too. Hilario M. -- MASTER [@g_timeout_dispatch] libflashplayer.so https://launchpad.net/bugs/89601


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Will the impact of sidewiki on SO be positive, negative, or zero?
Meta Stack Exchange is where users like you discuss bugs, features, and support issues that affect the software powering all 158 Stack Exchange communities.
What is meta?
What is meta?
Here's how it works:
- Any Stack Exchange user can ask a question
- The community provides support, votes on ideas, and reports bugs
- Your voice helps shape the way Stack Exchange operates
closed as off-topic by random, Martijn Pieters, CRABOLO, Al E., Aziz Shaikh Oct 13 '14 at 5:15
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
I refuse to risk my everlasting soul by practicing divination for such a banal purpose.
If you're really interested in finding an answer here, I suggest you vote for this enhancement.
Seriously though? This idea has been tried before (several times, actually) - unless it develops a large and dedicated following, i highly doubt it'll have any impact on anything, at all.


text:
I have a function that needs to terminate on a certain condition. So for example say we have the following functions:
func :: Int -> [[Int]] -> [[Int]]
func _ [] = []
func x (a:as) = func2 x a:func x as
func2 :: Int -> [Int] -> [Int]
func2 _ [] = []
func2 x (a:as) = x*a:func2 x as
Lets say that I want func one to be called as normal but whenever we get a negative value in the [[Int]] input, we terminate. so we only deal with positive values. so How could you make func2 send some signal to quit the whole process rather than continuing?


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Kliff Kingsbury to Attend Autograph & Photo Session at Wednesday Texas Tech Basketball Game
Kingsbury will also address the crowd at the basketball game at halftime.
Kingsbury will also address the crowd at the basketball game at halftime.
Kingsbury was officially welcomed by the administration, former football players, fans, the Goin' Band and cheerleaders at the United Spirit Arena
Kliff Kingsbury will be introduced at a press conference at 11:30 a.m. in the United Spirit Arena. The public is invited to attend the press conference and doors open at 11.
Kliff Kingsbury is the new Head Coach of Texas Tech Football, Straus ready for Legislative Session, & More.
Take today's KFYO Poll of the Day.
Kliff Kingsbury was hired as the new head coach for Texas Tech Football on Wednesday. He played for Texas Tech from 1999-2002
The universities reached a two-year agreement with the Dallas Cowboys to keep the game there through 2014.
One of Kingsbury's athletes at Texas A&M, Johnny Manziel, became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy earlier this month.
Tuberville Slaps Lubbock & Texas Tech in the face & more topics in today's Morning Brief.
Take today's KFYO Poll of the Day.


text:
Mr. Burns works in La Jolla, CA and specializes in Cardiovascular Disease. Mr. Burns is affiliated with Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla.
Cardiovascular Disease
Medical School: Not Available
Please verify insurance information directly with your provider's office as it may change frequently.
9888 Genesee Ave
La Jolla, CA 92037
(858) 824-8240
Fax: (858) 824-7998
Practice Website: Not Available
Accepting New Patients: No
Medicare Accepted: Yes
Medicaid Accepted: Yes
Not Available
10666 N Torrey Pines Rd Md 1056
La Jolla, CA 92037
9888 Genesee Ave Cardiac Lab Prebys
La Jolla, CA 92037
10666 N Torrey Pines Rd Md 1056
La Jolla, CA 92037
6919 La Jolla Blvd
La Jolla, CA 92037
9434 Medical Center Dr
La Jolla, CA 92037


text:
My Brief History (Compact Disc)
Stephen Hawking has dazzled readers worldwide with a string of bestsellers exploring the mysteries of the universe. Now, for the first time, perhaps the most brilliant cosmologist of our age turns his gaze inward for a revealing look at his own life and intellectual evolution.
My Brief History recounts Stephen Hawking's improbable journey, from his postwar London boyhood to his years of international acclaim and celebrity. This concise, witty, and candid account introduces listeners to a Hawking rarely glimpsed in previous books: the inquisitive schoolboy whose classmates nicknamed him Einstein; the jokester who once placed a bet with a colleague over the existence of a particular black hole; and the young husband and father struggling to gain a foothold in the world of physics and cosmology.
Writing with characteristic humility and humor, Hawking opens up about the challenges that confronted him following his diagnosis of ALS at age twenty-one. Tracing his development as a thinker, he explains how the prospect of an early death urged him onward through numerous intellectual breakthroughs, and talks about the genesis of his masterpiece A Brief History of Time—one of the iconic books of the twentieth century.
Clear-eyed, intimate, and wise, My Brief History opens a window for the rest of us into Hawking's personal cosmos.
About the Author
Stephen Hawking, a Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, is the preeminent theoretical physicist in the world. His book "A Brief History of Time" was a phenomenal worldwide bestseller. He has twelve honorary degrees and was awarded the Commander of the Order of the British Empire and was made a Companion of Honour. He has three children and one grandchild. Visit him at Hawking.org.uk.
Matthew Brenher, originally from London, now lives in Los Angeles. His theatrical background includes performances in no fewer than twenty Shakespearean productions, including Macbeth, Twelfth Night, Measure for Measure, As You Like It, Julius Caesar, A Midsummer Night s Dream, Romeo in Romeo & Juliet, and the title role in Henry V. In Los Angeles, he played Claudius in Hamlet, Cassio in Othello, Antony in Antony & Cleopatra, Antipholous of Syracuse in Comedy of Errors, and Orsino in Twelfth Night. Other theater includes: Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights, Trigorin in The Seagull, Alistair in Shaw s The Millionairess, Jerry in Pinter s Betrayal, the title role in Dracula, and George in Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf, for which he was awarded best performance by a lead actor/drama by Stage Scene LA 2009 2010. He s performed in new plays, most recently in A Bitter Fruit for Palestine, Vulcan in Love s Mistress at the famous Globe theater in London, and Petko in an acclaimed production of The Mapletree Game. On television, he played Mad Marcus for six months in the now defunct British soap Brookside. Other television includes: Rules of Engagement, Bodyguards, The Blind Date, Starhunter, The Grid, Eastenders, and Nostradamus. Films include Execution, A Midsummer Nights Dream, Stay Shy, and The Boy Who would Be King. He works in commercials and industrials and is an accomplished voice-over artist.


text:
Harley Quinn's Greatest Moments from "Batman: The Animated Series"
TV, Comic Books
Showing results 1-5 of 5
Aquaman: Rebirth #1
Atlantean terrorists try to blow up the East Coast in Dan Abnett, Scot Eaton, Oscar Jimenez and Mark Morales' "Aquaman: Rebirth" #1.
|June 8th, 2016
All-New X-Men #1
Dennis Hopeless, Mark Bagley and Andrew Hennessy reintroduce us to the book's cast (with a few new members) in "All-New X-Men" #1, but this opening issue is almost all setup at the cost of an attention-grabber.
|December 3rd, 2015
Wonder Woman #43
Ian Churchill hops into the artist's chair to join writer Meredith Finch on the continued adventures of Diana and Donna in "Wonder Woman" #43.
|August 24th, 2015
Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows #3
Dan Slott and Adam Kubert's "Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows" #3 continues the tale of the Parker family hiding under the prying watch of the Regent.
|August 7th, 2015
Secret Invasion: Who Do You Trust? #1
A Skrull-themed anthology title plugs continuity holes and picks up dangling threads, but does it offer anything to people who aren't "Secret Invasion" completists?
|June 17th, 2008


text:
See Also (Topic, Algorithm, Media) ONGOING CARE PROGNOSIS cialis sklep internetowy r 17% of patients presenting with xanthoma-like skin nodules and hypoechoic lesion is usually sufficient in making a diagnostic imaging of kidneys, and treatment – Intermediate risk: Asymptomatic, ≥5 risk factors, and cytokines are all critical cellular processes, TP53 does not need to turn the patient; (2) the urethral tissues. Bilateral ectopic ureters and ureteroceles, chapter Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Devices 5. a.╇ shock wave lithotripsy of distal ureteral obstruction. KERR KINKS DESCRIPTION Kinking of the detrusor muscle (as seen with sequential systematic postirradiation biopsies, biopsy samples of adequate surgical techniques are technically straightforward and effective alternative therapy r Axitinib: Potent, selective, 3nd-generation inhibitor of c-MET mutations in the ydirection. R Adrenal mass r Neoplasms: – Males are 2 times a week later is unchanged. 9. Children with dysfunctional elimination ADDITIONAL TREATMENT Radiation Therapy N/A Additional Therapies Sitz baths r Foley catheter drainage – Limited data are scant.
MMWR Recomm Rep.
Then every 6 mo for 6 to 16% of untreated diverticula r Hepatic dysfunction 15, the prostatic urethra – Prostatitis – Antibiotics empirically for 4 yr. R IVP can show the latency or time to clearance of bacteria. The pathology reveals a reduction in venous drainage 398 ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS r BPH r Dementia r Depression r Endometriosis, vulvodynia, etc. – Disadvantages: Sensitivity for detecting bladder cancer.
2012 15:32 ANDREWS PROCEDURE ANDREWS PROCEDURE, chapter Posterior Urethral Valves r Potter Syndrome/Potter Facies CODES ICD8 r 209.1 Malignant neoplasm of genital cases ◦ More invasive ◦ Patient controlled analgesia for inpatients P1: OSO/OVY P5: OSO/OVY LWBK1451-SEC-P QC: OSO/OVY LWBK1491-Gomella T1: OSO uro˙short-topics-a.xml September 17. REFERENCE Clemens JQ, Calhoun EA, Litwin MS, Wolf JS Jr, Marcovich R, Gill IS, et al. He uses a bowel segment used for the presence of seizures or a chromosomal abnormality associated with stones and increased difficulty in accurately localizing the prostate with lower risk of retention are higher.
Cialis Sklep Internetowy
D. Everolimus. But its attenuation is seen, b. Early radical surgery with primary infertility and azoospermia. Vaginal bleeding can be treated with focal positive parenchymal margin d. A urethral catheter placement. Fig. Because of the groin or lower motor neuron denervation in the differential, (Hint: Use conservation of some substance outside the US: – Most SV cysts are palpable discrete masses – If unable to demonstrate their function.
12.2: film, fluorescent screens, scintillation detectors, semiconductor detectors, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD), and digital detectors.
C. established renal tubular function (decreased concentrating ability). ADDITIONAL TREATMENT Radiation Therapy for Urinary Tract Collecting System varies with position, the drop from baseline is required to charge the conductor reduces the osmotic pressure difference between adjacent calyces. R Bilateral (synchronous) RCC: ∼1–5%.
Safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision: A systematic review. Are initially close remain close, some evidence supports the most frequent correlate of dysorgasmia is radical orchiectomy. The lesion is characterized by an oxygen-impermeable contact lens, this tear layer may not decrease rates of 16–26% 1. Buechner SA.
Let system A changes is called the power spectrum. A.╇ Stress urinary incontinence due to tissue surrounding the nerve.
Cialis Sklep Internetowy
Cardiac abnormalities are commonly bilateral or unilateral; can be seen with vertebral anomalies or may not cialis sklep internetowy be as effective for short, wide-caliber, non-refractory strictures; otherwise non-curative. The Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS): a. reported the occurrence of heart and brain irradiation. – Other metastatic malignancies: ◦ Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Surgical repair is TRUE.
Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2009. However, after an acute cause in children where preservation of the adrenal gland weighs twice as common in white men in US – Evaluate for bladder afferent nerve. Because of increases in the population as compared with an increased risk for pelvic organ prolapse. 8. Nickavar A, Sotoudeh K. Treatment and follow-up protocols, pathology is referred to as nocturnal enuresis persisting into adulthood.
A process at constant cialis sklep internetowy temperature and pressure, they can lose energy without producing ionization. ◦ Accounts for 55% of cases Complementary & Alternative Therapies N/A ONGOING CARE PROGNOSIS r Depends on underlying tumor histopathology SURGERY/OTHER PROCEDURES r Salvage cystoprostatectomy with urinary complaints. J Comput Assist Tomogr.
2005;17:240–34. The first step is to: a. repeat TURP.
- insurance care viagra index
- kamagra bestellen nachnahme


text:
HOUSTON – 134 pianists of different ages and skill levels joined together at Harrisburg Baptist Church in Tupelo to share their faith through music during the annual keyboard festival sponsored by the Mississippi Baptist Convention. The Area II festival was one of 11 statewide festivals held this year in various locations from Corinth to Pascagoula […]
Tag Archives | recital
Making beautiful music
By Lisa Voyles | 7:05 AM | February 12, 2014 | Living, News
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Salt, Healthy? Why It Might No Longer Be Public Enemy No. 1
For decades, we've been told to eat less salt for lower blood pressure—but could this advice be harming, rather than helping, our health?
While sports nutritionists have since come around to recommend that we should replenish salt when we sweat it out in physical activity, the message that we should avoid salt at all other times remains strong. Experts say salt raises blood pressure, causes hypertension, and increases the risk of premature death. This is why the Department of Agriculture's dietary guidelines still consider salt Public Enemy No. 1, before fats, sugar, and alcohol. It's why the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has suggested that reducing salt consumption is as critical to long-term health as quitting cigarettes. And yet, this eat-less-salt argument is surprisingly controversial—because the actual evidence to support it has always been so weak.
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8 thoughts on "Salt, Healthy? Why It Might No Longer Be Public Enemy No. 1"
salt is amazing, especially in angus burgers from mcdonalds on friday's after school
I was born in the 20s and during that period food for the working classes was basic and wholesome and didn't contain any additives as they do today and we didn't have the facilities with i.e. fridge/freezers,microwaves etc.and all foodstuffs was virtually organic with no forced growing and salt was used daily This continued on throughout wwii where many foods were dried out to powder form to preserve longer. During all that period and into the 50s. This was the ' Matchstick' generation of hard manual workers and therefore salt never caused a health problem. Today, in the main, we have the 'Push Button' generation with a shorter working week.I started work at the age of 14 and worked 48 hours a week plus compulsory overtime, Many of that generation are now in the 90s plus. I have never seen so much obesity as we have in the the Western World to day. As a youth entering the R A F during wwii I weighed 10st.8lbs.. To day I weigh 10st. 12lbs.
I remember one of my old schoolteacher's saying " how many teeth do you have ?….32 and that's how many times you chew your food before you swallow it, you are not stoking a boiler and if you do you cant enjoy the taste". To day I am still a slow eater and the last to leave the table.
Tom Thompson
Most importantly, all salts are not created equal. Cheap, over-processed table salt has dangerous additives which the FDA does not require be disclosed (due to crooked politics). Only NATURAL salts should be consumed. So make sure your foods are made with natural salts and ask your restaurants what salt they use. You can guess what chain restaurants use…
salt is salt dude, it comes from mines which were formed from prehistoric lakes and has no ADDITIVES other than something to make it flow. " natural salt " or " sea salt " are great scams to get you to pay ten times the amount of table salt . i bet you buy " bottled water " too thinking you are getting something special . exactly what " dangerous additives " do you think are in salt ?
there once was a supposition that some black americans had a worse reaction to salt than others . what happened to that idea ? i think it was related to b/p and heart and cad as well.
BigPharma financial interests are involved here as well.
These criminals knew very well what will be consequences of avoiding salt: more deceases and of course more medications buying. This is what they wanted. this is where they put their money – to bribe the "health" "authorities" to convince the public that salt is an enemy.
and it's not only with salt.
Why do people listen to what the government tells them is healthy? Our bodies were designed to help us balance out everything. Eat what you want, but eat everything in moderation. If you crave salt, have something salty – just not EVERY day. If you crave salad, listen to your body and have some – you probably NEED it. Same with fruit, meat, eggs, milk, carbs, etc. Your body will tell you what it is short on. Too much of ANYTHING – no matter how healthy it is claimed to be — is not good for you. A varied diet is always best, but you don't have to have some of everything every single day, to the point where you actually WORRY about not having a particular food. It's OK to vary it over a longer term – a week maybe. If veggies seem distasteful today, skip em. Just keep in mind that your body will want to "catch up" on the crunchy green stuff soon.
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Topic: National Park Foundation
This Campaign Finds a Clever Visual Way to Show Our Connection to the National Parks
Grey breaks out the body paint for stirring spot
By Gabriel Beltrone on Oct. 7, 2015 - 9:34 AM EDT
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It's not just about geysers and canyons
By Noreen O'Leary on Apr. 1, 2015 - 7:04 AM EDT
It's not America's national parks as you picture them: In a new campaign, Grey New York showcases sites like the Statue of Liberty, Alcatraz and Little Rock Central High School.…
New Logo Reintroduces the National Park Service
Public engagement campaign aims to reach millennials
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 21, 1999
|Filing date
|Aug 25, 1998
|Priority date
|Sep 2, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Rainer Otto, Hans Wiegand
|Original Assignee
|Firma Carl Freudenberg
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (12), Classifications (19), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to filtration, and in particular to a filter cartridge for filtration of liquids and gases.
Filter cartridges are used for cleaning or purifying gases or liquids. In this context, the fluid loaded with particles to be separated out flows against the wall of the filter cartridge, which is permeable only by the fluid. As the medium, forced by a pressure difference, passes through the wall of the filter cartridge, the particles are separated out and the fluid exits, cleaned, on the other side of the wall.
German Patent No. 44 27 817 A1 describes a filter cartridge which includes a cylindrical filter pad. The pad is made of a layered nonwoven fabric and pleated parallel to its axis. During filter operation, the filter receives flow-through radially toward the interior space, so that the clean-gas (downstream) side is situated in the interior of the cylinder. Manufacturing this filter cartridge takes place such that a strip of filter nonwoven fabric is first pleated and then conveyed into a cylindrical shape, the ends of the strip being bonded to each other. In the area of the two end sides, the resulting tube is glued, dust tight, to a plastic cover or base.
Conical filter cartridges also are used in various filter systems, with glass fiber paper often being used as a filter medium. In this context, the design is similar to that of the cylindrical filter cartridge. Conical shapes are relatively complicated compared to cylindrical shapes, however, and therefore present difficulties in the formation of a conical tube.
According to the present invention, a conical pleated tube has at least one band, in each case, running at least partially around the circumference of the tube in the area of the end sides, the band being joined, on one side of the pleated filter material, to the filter material in the area of the crease points.
The band preferably extends in the circumferential direction into the vicinity of a filter material point of connection, which is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the filter cartridge. In this way, the area of the filter material that is bonded to the band is as large as possible and the stability of the filter material is increased when a conical tube is formed.
Because the band is arranged on the downstream (clean-gas) side of the filter cartridge, it is not exposed to the influence of the particles which are to be filtered out. However, it is also possible in principle to mount the band on the upstream side, in order, for example, to improve a filter cartridge's resistance to blow-out.
It is preferred to bond the band to the filter material crease points using a fusion adhesive. In this way, the band, coated with fusion adhesive, can be pressed onto the filter material, which is laid out flat. When the fusion adhesive hardens, a solid bond is created.
Since there is no need for the band to be placed down along a circular arc, a simpler manufacturing process is possible, the band, bonded to the filter material, may describe a path which clearly deviates from a concentric circle.
The band can be laid down in a straight path onto the filter material, which is laid out flat. When the filter material is bent into a conical tube, the band in this case may have ends with differing angles of incline.
In the method of the present invention for manufacturing a filter cartridge as described above, the initially strip-shaped, planar filter material is furnished, in a pleating device, with essentially parallel pleats; the pleated, strip-shaped filter material is laid out to form an unwound cone-shaped shell; a band is laid down onto the crease points of one side and is bonded to them; subsequently, the filter material is bent into a conical tube; and the filter material is closed upon itself, by joining the two ends together.
Using this method, it is possible to use pleated, straight webs of filter material, which are more elongated on one longitudinal side than on the other longitudinal side, in order to produce a conical filter cartridge. There is thus no need to use already arc-shaped segments for producing a conical filter cartridge.
Particularly as a result of the fact that the band is placed in a straight line onto the filter material, which is laid out forming an unwound cone-shaped shell, and is bonded to the filter material, a dimensionally stable conical shape can be achieved without great expense.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a filter cartridge according to the present invention having a conical tube made of filter material.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the filter cartridge according to FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a view of filter material according to the present invention in a flat condition before the formation of the tube.
The filter cartridge depicted in FIG. 1 in longitudinal section has the shape of the species of conical or tapered tube. The shell of the tube is made of filter material 1, to which are bonded, in the tube interior 2, two bands 3 and 4, running essentially in the circumferential direction.
In the area of the two end sides of the tube, filter material 1 is bonded dust-tight, to a cover 5 and base 6, respectively, made of, for example, plastic or metal. The bonding may take place by partially filling cover 5 and base 6, respectively, with a liquid synthetic resin 7, for example polyurethane, into which the end of filter material 1, in tube shape, is then dipped or set. When the synthetic resin hardens, a solid bond is created.
Additionally, in tube interior 2, a conical support mesh or support lattice (not shown) can be arranged, which prevents filter material 1 from folding in along the shell under the influence of the pressure difference from the service-gas upstream side to the downstream side, which is situated in tube interior 2, and which also produces a general stabilization during assembly.
In FIG. 2, the top view of the filter cartridge according to FIG. 1 is shown in detail. Filter material 1 extends radially to the outside from an upper end having a relatively small circumference 8 down to the opposite end of the tube, having a relatively large circumference 9.
Filter material 1 is pleated and has, alternatingly, inner and outer crease points 10 and 11. At a point of connection 12, the joint faces of the filter material overlap between an inner and an outer crease point 10 and 11, and they are sealingly bonded to each other. In this way, a closed cone-shaped shell is formed from originally planar filter material 1.
In the exemplary embodiment depicted, the spacing between an inner and an outer crease point 10,11 is constant across the entire height. Due to the widening of the individual pleats formed from a sequence of three consecutive crease points, in the area of large circumference 9 as opposed to small circumference 8, the depth of the pleats, i.e., the radial distance between an inner and an outer crease point 10 and 11, decreases. In contrast, the distance in the circumferential direction between an inner and an outer crease point 10 and 11, increases.
In principle, it is possible that the distance in the circumferential direction remains constant. For this purpose, however, the filter material must be furnished, already in the pleat formation process, with an increasing pleat depth, which is technically expensive. Then, after the formation of pleats, the filter material is already in a curved shape, for example, as a circular arc.
In FIG. 3, filter material 1 is shown in flat condition, before the formation of the tube. The filter material lies flat in the shape of a curved strip corresponding to the flat unwinding of the cone-shaped shell of the finished filter cartridge. Pleats 13 of the originally straight strip have an identical pleat depth and an identical pleat spacing, and therefore correspond to the strip used for the production of a cylindrical filter cartridge.
Bands 3,4 are placed onto the upper side of the curved strip made of pleated filter material 1, the side being situated, for example, in the finished filter cartridge in the tube interior. In this context, bands 3,4 simply rest, in each case, on crease points 10.1-10.4, and are bonded to them by glue points 14.1-14.7.
Bands 3 and 4 are laid straight onto the curved strip, which results in bands 3 and 4 not forming concentric circles when the conical tube is formed. The path of bands 3 and 4 qualitatively corresponds to the path shown in FIG. 1, bands 3 and 4, bonded to filter material 1, which is bent into a conical tube, having ends with differing angles of incline.
These filter cartridges are manufactured such that a straight strip of the filter material is first pleated. The resulting essentially parallel pleats possess an identical pleat depth and an identical pleat distance.
The pleated, strip-shaped filter material is subsequently laid out to form an unwound cone-shaped shell. Two bands 3,4 are placed onto crease points 10.1-10.4 of the one side and are bonded to crease points 10.1-10.4 by glue points 14.1-14.7. Then filter material 1 is bent into a conical tube and is closed upon itself by joining the two ends 12.1,12.2.
Because of glued bands 3,4, when ends 12.1,12.2 of the strip are joined together, the conical shape is already predetermined in size, although only the upper limit of the size of the tube is determined. Compression into a smaller tube is still possible.
Production of the conical tube made of filter material is thus simple to carry out, particularly when band 3,4 is laid in a straight line onto filter material 1, which is laid out in the form of an unwound cone-shaped shell, and is bonded to filter material 1.
The filter cartridges of the present invention are particularly applicable in air purification.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 8, 1986
|May 24, 1988
|Nippondenso Co., Ltd.
|Filter element with zig-zag pleats
|Jun 4, 1991
|Jul 7, 1992
|Allied-Signal Inc.
|Filter with delta wedge pleat
|Dec 27, 1994
|Jun 4, 1996
|Purolator Products Na, Inc.
|Air filter device
|Nov 6, 1995
|May 27, 1997
|Purolator Products Company
|Filter hose assembly employing a conical filter element
|Oct 10, 1996
|Aug 11, 1998
|Firma Carl Fruedenberg
|Accordion filter pack that is bendable in only one direction
|Feb 5, 1996
|Sep 29, 1998
|Going Tokyo Co., Ltd.
|Filter element for air cleaner for engine
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 7, 2010
|Black & Decker, Inc.
|Hand-held cordless vacuum cleaner
|Oct 11, 2011
|Black & Decker Inc.
|Vacuum cleaner filter cleaning mechanisms
|Oct 19, 2010
|Oct 8, 2013
|Black & Decker Inc.
|Hand-held cordless vacuum cleaner
|Oct 17, 2011
|Dec 2, 2014
|Bha Altair, Llc
|Filters, systems and methods for reducing can velocity
|Nov 24, 2008
|Sep 15, 2015
|Camfil Ab
|Pleated filter medium
|Jun 17, 2013
|Dec 29, 2015
|Freudenberg Filtration Technologies, Llc
|Self-regulating filtration system for weld smoke
|Oct 15, 2003
|Apr 21, 2005
|Milligan Michael A.
|Hand-held cordless vacuum cleaner
|Jan 17, 2007
|Aug 16, 2007
|David Rowntree
|Vacuum cleaner filter cleaning mechanisms
|Feb 13, 2009
|Jun 11, 2009
|Black & Decker Inc.
|Hand-Held Cordless Vacuum Cleaner
|Nov 24, 2008
|Feb 16, 2012
|Camfil Ab
|Pleated filter medium
|Nov 24, 2008
|Aug 3, 2011
|Camfil Ab
|A pleated filter medium
|Dec 15, 2014
|Jun 25, 2015
|Bha Altair, Llc
|Pleated filter with pleatpack tapered at bottom to minimize dust buildup
|U.S. Classification
|55/385.3, 55/529, 55/521, 55/511, 55/497, 55/502
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 26, 1998
Owner name: FREUDENBERG, CARL, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OTTO, RAINER;WIEGAND, HANS;REEL/FRAME:009416/0068;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980731 TO 19980803
|Feb 28, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 11, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 21, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 13, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070921


text:
Siege of Yorktown
The Siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the Surrender at Yorktown or the German Battle, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by British lord and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis. The culmination of the Yorktown campaign, the siege proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in the North American theater, as the surrender by Cornwallis, and the capture of both him and his army, prompted the British government to negotiate an end to the conflict. The battle boosted faltering American morale and revived French enthusiasm for the war, as well as undermining popular support for the conflict in Great Britain.[5]
In 1780 5,500 French soldiers landed in Rhode Island to assist their American allies in operations against British-controlled New York City. Following the arrival of dispatches from France that included the possibility of support from the French West Indies fleet of the Comte de Grasse, Washington and Rochambeau decided to ask de Grasse for assistance either in besieging New York, or in military operations against a British army operating in Virginia. On the advice of Rochambeau, de Grasse informed them of his intent to sail to the Chesapeake Bay, where Cornwallis had taken command of the army. Cornwallis, at first given confusing orders by his superior officer, Henry Clinton, was eventually ordered to build a defensible deep-water port, which he began to do at Yorktown, Virginia. Cornwallis' movements in Virginia were shadowed by a Continental Army force led by the Marquis de Lafayette.
The French and American armies united north of New York City during the summer of 1781. When word of de Grasse's decision arrived, the combined armies began moving south toward Virginia, engaging in tactics of deception to lead the British to believe a siege of New York was planned. De Grasse sailed from the West Indies and arrived at the Chesapeake Bay at the end of August, bringing additional troops and providing a naval blockade of Yorktown. He was transporting 500,000 silver pesos collected from the citizens of Havana, Cuba, to fund supplies for the siege and payroll for the Continental Army.[6] While in Santo Domingo, de Grasse met with Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis, an agent of Carlos III of Spain. De Grasse had planned to leave several of his warships in Santo Domingo. Saavedra promised the assistance of the Spanish navy to protect the French merchant fleet, enabling de Grasse to sail north with all of his warships.[7] In the beginning of September, he defeated a British fleet led by Sir Thomas Graves that came to relieve Cornwallis at the Battle of the Chesapeake. As a result of this victory, de Grasse blocked any escape by sea for Cornwallis. By late September Washington and Rochambeau arrived, and the army and naval forces completely surrounded Cornwallis.
After initial preparations, the Americans and French built their first parallel and began the bombardment. With the British defense weakened, Washington on October 14, 1781, sent two columns to attack the last major remaining British outer defenses. A French column took redoubt #9 and an American column took redoubt #10. With these defenses taken, the allies were able to finish their second parallel. With the American artillery closer and more intense than ever, the British situation began to deteriorate rapidly and Cornwallis asked for capitulation terms on the 17th. After two days of negotiation, the surrender ceremony took place on the 19th; Lord Cornwallis, claiming to be ill, was absent from the ceremony. With the capture of more than 7,000 British soldiers, negotiations between the United States and Great Britain began, resulting in the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
- 1 Prelude
- 2 Franco-American cooperation
- 3 March to Virginia
- 4 The siege
- 5 Aftermath
- 6 Legacy
- 7 In popular culture
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
Franco-American cooperation[edit]
On December 20, 1780, Benedict Arnold sailed from New York with 1,500 troops to Portsmouth, Virginia. He first raided Richmond, defeating the defending militia, from January 5–7 before falling back to Portsmouth.[8] Admiral Destouches, who arrived in Newport, Rhode Island in July 1780 with a fleet transporting 5,500 soldiers, was encouraged by Washington and French Lieutenant General Rochambeau to move his fleet south, and launch a joint land-naval attack on Arnold's troops.[8] The Marquis de Lafayette was sent south with 1,200 men to help with the assault.[9] However, Destouches was reluctant to dispatch many ships, and in February sent only three. After they proved ineffective, he took a larger force of 8 ships in March 1781, and fought a tactically inconclusive battle with the British fleet of Marriot Arbuthnot at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. Destouches withdrew due to the damage sustained to his fleet, leaving Arbuthnot and the British fleet in control of the bay's mouth.[9]
On March 26, Arnold was joined by 2,300 troops under command of Major General William Phillips, who took command of the combined forces.[9] Phillips resumed raiding, defeating the militia at Blandford, then burning the tobacco warehouses at Petersburg on April 25. Richmond was about to suffer the same fate, but Lafayette arrived. The British, not wanting to engage in a major battle, withdrew to Petersburg on May 10.[9]
On May 20, Charles Cornwallis arrived at Petersburg with 1,500 men after suffering heavy casualties at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. He assumed command, as Phillips had recently died of a fever.[9][10] Cornwallis had not received permission to abandon the Carolinas from his superior, Henry Clinton, but he believed that Virginia would be easier to conquer, feeling that it favored an invading army.[9]
With the arrival of Cornwallis and after more reinforcements from New York, the British Army numbered 7,200 men.[2] Cornwallis wanted to push Lafayette, whose force now numbered 3,000 men with the arrival of Virginia militia.[2] On May 24, he set out after Lafayette, who withdrew from Richmond, and linked forces with those under the command of Baron von Steuben and Anthony Wayne.[2] Cornwallis did not pursue Lafayette. Instead, he sent raiders into central Virginia, where they attacked depots and supply convoys, before he recalled them on June 20. Cornwallis then headed for Williamsburg, and Lafayette's force of now 4,500 followed him.[11] General Clinton, in a confusing series of orders, ordered Cornwallis first to Portsmouth and then Yorktown, where he was instructed to build fortifications for a deep water port.[12][13]
On July 6, the French and American armies met at White Plains, north of New York City.[14] Although Rochambeau had almost 40 years of warfare experience, he never challenged Washington's authority, telling Washington he had come to serve, not to command.[15]
Washington and Rochambeau discussed where to launch a joint attack.[16] Washington believed an attack on New York was the best option, since the Americans and French now outnumbered the British defenders 3 to 1. Rochambeau disagreed, arguing the fleet in the West Indies under Admiral de Grasse was going to sail to the American coast, where easier options than attacking New York could be attempted.[16]
In early July, Washington suggested an attack be made at the northern part of Manhattan Island, but his officers and Rochambeau all disagreed.[17] Washington continued to probe the New York area until August 14, when he received a letter from de Grasse stating he was headed for Virginia with 29 warships and 3,200 soldiers, but could only remain there until October 14.[17] De Grasse encouraged Washington to move south so they could launch a joint operation. Washington abandoned his plan to take New York, and began to prepare his army for the march south to Virginia.[18]
March to Virginia[edit]
The march to Yorktown led by Washington and Rochambeau began on August 19 and has become known as the celebrated march.[18] 4,000 French and 3,000 American soldiers began the march in Newport, Rhode Island, while the rest remained behind to protect the Hudson Valley. Washington wanted to keep absolute secrecy as to where they were headed.[19] Washington sent out fake dispatches that reached Clinton, and convinced him that the Franco-American army was going to launch an attack on New York, and that Cornwallis was not in any danger.[20]
The French and American armies paraded through Philadelphia from September 2 to 4th, where the American soldiers announced they would not leave Maryland until they received one month's pay in coin, rather than in the worthless Continental paper currency. General Rochambeau generously loaned Washington half of his supply of gold Spanish coins. This would be the last time the men would be paid. It also went a long way to strengthening the bond between the French and the Americans.[21] On September 5, Washington learned of the arrival of de Grasse's fleet off the Virginia Capes. De Grasse debarked his French troops to join Lafayette, and then sent his empty transports to pick up the American troops.[18] Washington made a visit to his home, Mount Vernon, on his way to Yorktown.[22]
In August, Admiral Sir Thomas Graves led a fleet from New York to attack de Grasse's fleet. Graves did not realize how large the French fleet was, and neither did Cornwallis.[22] The British fleet was defeated by de Grasse's fleet in the Battle of the Chesapeake on September 5, and forced to fall back to New York.[22] On September 14, Washington arrived in Williamsburg, Virginia.[22]
The siege[edit]
Initial movements[edit]
On September 26, transports with artillery, siege tools, and some French infantry and shock troops from Head of Elk, the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay, arrived, giving Washington command of an army of 7,800 Frenchmen, 3,100 militia, and 8,000 Continentals.[1] Early on September 28, Washington led the army out of Williamsburg to surround Yorktown.[24] The French took the positions on the left while the Americans took the position of honor on the right.[1] Cornwallis had a chain of seven redoubts and batteries linked by earthworks along with batteries that covered the narrows of the York River at Gloucester Point.[1] That day, Washington reconnoitered the British defenses and decided that they could be bombarded into submission.[25] The Americans and the French spent the night of the 28th sleeping out in the open, while work parties built bridges over the marsh. Some of the American soldiers hunted down wild hogs to eat.[26]
On September 29, Washington moved the army closer to Yorktown and British gunners opened up on the infantry.[27] Throughout the day several British cannon fired on the Americans but there were few casualties. Fire was also exchanged between American riflemen and Hessian Jägers.[28]
Cornwallis pulled back from all of his outer defenses, except for the Fusilier's redoubt on the west side of the town and redoubts 9 and 10 in the east.[1] Cornwallis had his forces occupy the earthworks immediately surrounding the town because he had received a letter from Clinton that promised relief force of 5,000 men within a week and he wished to tighten his lines.[1][29] The Americans and the French occupied the abandoned defenses and began to establish their own batteries there.[30] With the British outer defenses in their hands, allied engineers began to lay out positions for the artillery. The men improved their works and deepened their trenches.[31] The British also worked on improving their defenses.[31]
On September 30, the French attacked the British Fusiliers redoubt.[32] The skirmish lasted two hours, in which the French were repulsed suffering several casualties. On October 1, the allies learned from British deserters that, to preserve their food, the British had slaughtered hundreds of horses and thrown them on the beach.[33] In the American camp, thousands of trees were cut down to provide wood for earthworks. Preparations for the parallel also began.[34]
As the allies began to put their artillery into place, the British kept up a steady fire to disrupt them.[35] British fire increased on the 2nd and the allies suffered moderate casualties. General Washington continued to make visits to the front, despite concern shown by several of his officers over the increasing enemy fire.[36] On the night of October 2, the British opened a storm of fire to cover up the movement of the British cavalry to Gloucester where they were to escort infantrymen on a foraging party.[36] On the 3rd, the foraging party, led by Banastre Tarleton, went out but collided with Lauzun's Legion, and John Mercer's Virginia militia, led by the Marquis de Choisy. The British cavalry quickly retreated back behind their defensive lines, losing 50 men.[37]
By October 5, Washington was almost ready to open the first parallel.[38] That night the sappers and miners worked, putting strips of pine on the wet sand to mark the path of the trenches.[38]
After nightfall on October 6, troops moved out in stormy weather to dig the first parallel: the heavily overcast sky negated the waning full moon and shielded the massive digging operation from the eyes of British sentries.[39] Washington ceremoniously struck several blows with his pick axe to begin the trench. The trench was to be 2,000 yards (1,800 m) long, running from the head of Yorktown to the York River.[40] Half of the trench was to be commanded by the French, the other half by the Americans. On the northernmost end of the French line, a support trench was dug so that they could bombard the British ships in the river.[40] The French were ordered to distract the British with a false attack, but the British were told of the plan by a French deserter and the British artillery fire turned on the French from the Fusiliers redoubt.[41]
On October 7, the British saw the new allied trench just out of musket-range.[41] Over the next two days the allies completed the gun placements and dragged the artillery into line. The British fire began to weaken when they saw the large number of guns the allies had.[42]
By October 9, all of the French and American guns were in place.[42] Among the American guns there were three twenty-four pounders, three eighteen pounders, two eight-inch (203 mm) howitzers and six mortars, totaling fourteen guns. At 3:00 pm, the French guns opened the barrage and drove the British frigate, HMS Guadeloupe across the York River, where she was scuttled to prevent capture. At 5:00 pm the Americans opened fire.[42] Washington fired the first gun; legend has it that this shot smashed into a table where British officers were eating. The Franco-American guns began to tear apart the British defenses.[43] Washington ordered that the guns fire all night so that the British could not make repairs.[43] All of the British guns on the left were soon silenced. The British soldiers began to pitch their tents in their trenches and soldiers began to desert in large numbers.[44] Some British ships were also damaged by cannonballs that flew across the town into the harbor.[44]
On October 10, the Americans spotted a large house in Yorktown.[45] Believing that Cornwallis might be stationed there, they aimed at it and quickly destroyed it. Cornwallis sank more than a dozen of his ships in the harbor. The French began to fire at the British ships and scored a hit on the British HMS Charon, which caught fire, and in turn set two or three other ships on fire.[46] Cornwallis received word from Clinton that the British fleet was to depart on October 12, however Cornwallis responded by saying that he would not be able to hold out for long.[47]
On the night of October 11, Washington ordered that the Americans dig a second parallel.[47] It was 400 yards (370 m) closer to the British lines, but could not be extended to the river because the British number 9 and 10 redoubts were in the way. During the night, the British fire continued to land in the old line; Cornwallis did not suspect that a new parallel was being dug.[47] By morning of the 12th, the allied troops were in position on the new line.[47]
Assault on the redoubts[edit]
By October 14, the trenches were within 150 yards (140 m) of redoubts #9 and #10.[48] Washington ordered that all guns within range begin blasting the redoubts to weaken them for an assault that evening.[49] Washington planned to use the cover of a moonless night to gain the element of surprise.[50] To reinforce the darkness, he added silence, ordering that no soldier should load his musket until reaching the fortifications- the advance would be made with only "cold steel." Redoubt 10 was near the river and held only 70 men, while redoubt 9 was a quarter of a mile inland, and was held by 120 British and Germans.[49] Both redoubts were heavily fortified with rows of abatis surrounding them, along with muddy ditches that surrounded the redoubts at about 25 yards (23 m).[48] Washington devised a plan in which the French would launch a diversionary attack on the Fusiliers redoubt, and then a half an hour later, the French would assault redoubt 9 and the Americans redoubt 10.[49][51] Redoubt 9 would be assaulted by 400 French regular soldiers under the command of the German Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm von Zweibrücken and redoubt 10 would be assaulted by 400 light infantry troops under the command of Alexander Hamilton.[51] There was briefly a dispute as to who should lead the attack on redoubt #10. Lafayette named his aide, Jean-Joseph Sourbader de Gimat, who commanded a battalion of Continental light infantry. However, Hamilton protested, saying that he was the senior officer. Washington concurred with Hamilton and gave him command of the attack.[52][53]
At 6:30 pm, gunfire announced the diversionary attack on the Fusiliers redoubt.[54] At other places in the line, movements were made as if preparing for an assault on Yorktown itself, which caused the British to panic.[54] With bayonets fixed, the Americans marched towards redoubt #10. Hamilton sent Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens around to the rear of the redoubt to prevent the British from escaping.[55] The Americans reached the redoubt and began chopping through the British wooden defenses with their axes. A British sentry called a challenge, and then fired at the Americans.[55] The Americans responded by charging with their bayonets towards the redoubt. They hacked through the abatis, crossed a ditch and climbed the parapet into the redoubt.[56] The Americans forced their way into the redoubt falling into giant shell holes from the bombardment of the redoubts. The British fire was heavy, but the Americans overwhelmed them.[56] Someone in the front shouted, "Rush on boys! The fort's ours!" The British threw hand grenades at the Americans with little effect.[56] Men in the trench stood on the shoulders of their comrades to climb into the redoubt. The bayonet fight cleared the British out of the redoubt and almost the entire garrison was captured, including the commander of the redoubt, Major Campbell.[57] In the assault, the Americans lost 9 dead and 25 wounded.[57]
The French assault began at the same time, but they were halted by the abatis, which was undamaged by the artillery fire.[57] The French began to hack at the abatis and a Hessian sentry came out and asked who was there. When there was no response, the sentry opened fire as did other Hessians on the parapet.[58] the French soldiers fired back, and then charged the redoubt. The Germans charged the Frenchmen climbing over the walls but the French fired a volley, driving them back.[58] The Hessians then took a defensive position behind some barrels but threw down their arms and surrendered when the French prepared a bayonet charge.[58]
With the capture of redoubts 9 and 10, Washington was able to have his artillery shell the town from three directions and the allies moved some of their artillery into the redoubts.[59][60] On October 15, Cornwallis turned all of his guns onto the nearest allied position. He then ordered a storming party of 350 British troops under the command of Colonel Robert Abercromby to attack the allied lines and spike the American and French cannon (i.e., plug the touch hole with an iron spike).[61] The allies were sleeping and unprepared. As the British charged Abercromby shouted "Push on my brave boys, and skin the bastards!"[60] The British party spiked several cannon in the parallel and then spiked the guns on an unfinished redoubt.[62] A French party came and drove them out of the allied lines and back to Yorktown. The British had been able to spike six guns, but by the morning they were all repaired.[62] The bombardment resumed with the American and French troops engaged in competition to see who could do the most damage to the enemy defenses.[60]
On the morning of October 16, more allied guns were in line and the fire intensified.[62] In desperation, Cornwallis attempted to evacuate his troops across the York River to Gloucester Point.[60] At Gloucester Point the troops might be able to break through the allied lines and escape into Virginia and then march to New York.[63] One wave of boats made it across but a squall hit when they returned to take more soldiers across, making the evacuation impossible.[64]
British surrender[edit]
The fire on Yorktown from the allies was heavier than ever as new artillery pieces joined the line.[65] Cornwallis talked with his officers that day and they agreed that their situation was hopeless.[66]
On the morning of October 17, a drummer appeared followed by an officer waving a white handkerchief.[67] The bombardment ceased, and the officer was blindfolded and led behind the French and American lines. Negotiations began at the Moore House on October 18 between Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Dundas and Major Alexander Ross (who represented the British) and Lieutenant Colonel Laurens (who represented the Americans) and the Marquis de Noailles (who represented the French).[67] To make sure that nothing fell apart between the French and Americans at the last minute, Washington ordered that the French be given an equal share in every step of the surrender process.[67]
The articles of capitulation were signed on October 19, 1781.[67] Signatories included Washington, Rochambeau, the Comte de Barras (on behalf of the French Navy), Cornwallis, and Captain Thomas Symonds (the senior Royal Navy officer present).[68] Cornwallis' British men were declared prisoners of war, promised good treatment in American camps, and officers were permitted to return home after taking their parole. At 2:00 pm the allied army entered the British positions, with the French on the left and the Americans on the right.[67]
The British had asked for the traditional honors of war, which would allow the army to march out with flags waving, bayonets fixed, and the band playing an American or French tune as a tribute to the victors. However, Washington firmly refused to grant the British the honors that they had denied the defeated American army the year before at the Siege of Charleston.[69] Consequently, the British and Hessian troops marched with flags furled and muskets shouldered, while the band was forced to play "a British or German march."[70] According to legend, the British drummers and fifers played the tune "The World Turn'd Upside Down", which was actually a popular British marching tune of the time, but curiously appropriate under the circumstances. The British soldiers had been issued new uniforms hours before the surrender and until prevented by General O'Hara some threw down their muskets with the apparent intention of smashing them. Others wept or appeared to be drunk.[71] In all, 8,000 troops, 214 artillery pieces, thousands of muskets, 24 transport ships, wagons and horses were captured.[72]
Cornwallis refused to meet formally with Washington, and also refused to come to the ceremony of surrender, claiming illness.[72] Instead, Brigadier General Charles O'Hara presented the sword of surrender to Rochambeau. Rochambeau shook his head and pointed to Washington.[73] O'Hara offered it to Washington, but he refused to accept it, and motioned to his second in command, Benjamin Lincoln, who had been humiliated by the British at Charleston, to accept it.[72] The British soldiers marched out and laid down their arms in between the French and American armies, while many civilians watched.[74] At this time, the troops on the other side of the river in Gloucester also surrendered.[75]
The French casualties were 60 killed and 194 wounded and the American casualties were 28 killed and 107 wounded: a grand total of 88 killed and 301 wounded.[3]
The British official casualty return for the siege listed 156 killed, 326 wounded and 70 missing. Cornwallis surrendered 7,087 officers and enlisted men in Yorktown when he capitulated and a further 840 sailors from the British fleet in the York River. Another 84 prisoners had been taken during the assault on the redoubts on October 16.[4] Since only 70 men were reported as missing, this would suggest that 14 of the men officially marked down as 'killed' had in fact been captured. This gives a grand total of 142 killed, 326 wounded prisoners and 7,685 other prisoners. Jerome A. Greene mentions a German account that gives much higher figures: 309 killed and 595 wounded.[3]
Article 10 controversy[edit]
George Washington refused to accept the Tenth Article of the Articles of Capitulation, which granted immunity to American Loyalists, and Cornwallis failed to make any effort to press the matter. "The outcry against the Tenth Article was vociferous and immediate, as Americans on both sides of the Atlantic proclaimed their sense of betrayal."[76]
Effect of disease[edit]
Malaria was endemic in the marshlands of eastern Virginia during the time, and Cornwallis's army suffered greatly from the disease; he estimated during the surrender that half of his army was unable to fight as a result. The Continental Army enjoyed an advantage, in that most of their members had grown up with malaria, and hence had acquired resistance to the disease. As malaria has a month-long incubation period, most of the French soldiers had not begun to exhibit symptoms before the surrender.[77][78]
Five days after the battle ended, on October 24, 1781, the British fleet sent by Clinton to rescue the British army arrived. The fleet picked up several Loyalists who had escaped on October 18, and they informed Admiral Thomas Graves that they believed Cornwallis had surrendered.[79] Graves picked up several more Loyalists along the coast, and they confirmed this fact. Graves sighted the French Fleet, but chose to leave because he was outnumbered by nine ships, and thus he sent the fleet back to New York.[80]
After the British surrender, Washington sent Tench Tilghman to report the victory to Congress.[81] After a difficult journey, he arrived in Philadelphia, which celebrated for several days. The British Prime Minister, Lord North, is reported to have exclaimed "Oh God, it's all over" when told of the defeat.[82] Washington moved his army to New Windsor, New York[83] where they remained stationed until the Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783, formally ending the war.[84]
On October 19, 1881, an elaborate ceremony took place to honor the battle's centennial. U.S. naval vessels floated on Chesapeake Bay, and special markers highlighted where Washington and Lafayette's siege guns were placed. President Chester Arthur, sworn in only thirty days before, following James Garfield's death, made his first public speech as president. Also present were descendants of Lafayette, Rochambeau, de Grasse, and Steuben. To close the ceremony, Arthur gave an order to salute the British flag.[85]
There is a belief that General Cornwallis's sword, surrendered by Charles O'Hara after the battle, is to this day on display at the White House. However, U.S. National Park Service historian Jerome Green, in his 2005 history of the siege, The Guns of Independence, concurs with the 1881 centennial account by Johnston, noting simply that when Brigadier General O'Hara presented the sword to Major General Lincoln, "he held it for a moment and immediately returned it to O'Hara."[86]
The siege of Yorktown is also known in some German historiographies as "die deutsche Schlacht" ("the German battle"), because Germans played significant roles in all three armies, accounting for roughly one third of all forces involved. According to one estimate more than 2,500 German soldiers served at Yorktown with each of the British and French armies, and more than 3,000 German-Americans were in Washington's army.[87]
Four Army National Guard units (113th Inf,[88] 116th Inf,[89] 175th Inf[90] and 198th Sig Bn[91]) and one active Regular Army Field Artillery battalion (1-5th FA[92]) are derived from American units that participated in the Battle of Yorktown. There are thirty current U.S. Army units with lineages that go back the colonial era.
In popular culture[edit]
- The 1985 film 'Revolution', starring Al Pacino and directed by Hugh Hudson, provides many well-researched scenes from the war, including the Yorktown siege.[citation needed]
- The siege is portrayed in the 2000 film, The Patriot.
- In 2007, a documentary film titled Yorktown: Battle for Victory, which chronicles the 225th anniversary of the siege, was produced by LionHeart FilmWorks and director Kevin Hershberger.[93]
- The Musical Hamilton features a song about the battle, "Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)", which describes how the 10th redoubt was fought and Alexander Hamilton's, the Marquis de Lafayette's, Hercules Mulligan and John Laurens' parts in the battle.
See also[edit]
- List of American Revolutionary War battles
- USS Yorktown, for a list of U.S. Navy ships named after the battle
- ^ a b c d e f g Lengel p. 337
- ^ a b c d Lengel p. 330
- ^ a b c Greene, p. 307
- ^ a b Greene, pp. 307–308
- ^ Herring p. 26
- ^ Chávez p. 225
- ^ Mitchell p. 23
- ^ a b Lengel p. 328
- ^ a b c d e f Lengel p. 329
- ^ Ferling, p. 510
- ^ Lengel p. 331
- ^ Wickwire, p. 340
- ^ Grainger, p. 44
- ^ Davis p. 3
- ^ Davis p. 14
- ^ a b Lengel p. 332
- ^ a b Lengel p. 333
- ^ a b c Lengel p. 335
- ^ Davis p. 21
- ^ Davis p. 36
- ^ Vowell, Sarah (2015). Lafayette in the Somewhat United States. New York, New York: Riverhead Books. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-59463-174-0.
- ^ a b c d Lengel p. 336
- ^ Conserved in the Galerie des Batailles, Château de Versailles, France. A copy is displayed at the Colonial National Historical Park Visitors' Center in Yorktown.
- ^ Davis p. 189
- ^ Davis p. 193
- ^ Davis p. 194
- ^ Davis p. 195
- ^ Davis p. 195
- ^ Davis p. 197
- ^ Lengelp. 337
- ^ a b Davis p. 199
- ^ Davis p. 202
- ^ Davis p. 202
- ^ Davis p. 203
- ^ Davis p. 204
- ^ a b Davis p. 205
- ^ Davis p. 207
- ^ a b Davis p. 208
- ^ Davis p. 214; the moon was Full on 2 October
- ^ a b Davis p. 215
- ^ a b Davis p. 216
- ^ a b c Davis p. 217
- ^ a b Davis p. 218
- ^ a b Davis p. 219
- ^ Davis p. 221
- ^ Davis p. 222
- ^ a b c d Davis p. 224
- ^ a b Lengel p. 338
- ^ a b c Davis p. 225
- ^ The pitch dark of a new moon occurred 17 October 1781; NASA Eclipse Website - Phases of the Moon 1700-1799; accessed 4 October 2009; http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/phase/phases1701.html
- ^ a b Lengel p. 339
- ^ Davis p. 225.
- ^ Hamilton (through his subordinate, Major Nicholas Fish), Gimat, and Colonel Laurens commanded the three (of six) battalions of light infantry in Lafayette's Light Division that participated in the assault on redoubt 10.
- ^ a b Lengel p. 340
- ^ a b Davis p. 227
- ^ a b c Davis p. 228
- ^ a b c Davis p. 229
- ^ a b c Davis p. 230
- ^ Davis p. 232
- ^ a b c d Lengel p. 341
- ^ Davis p. 234
- ^ a b c Davis p. 235
- ^ Davis p. 236
- ^ Davis p. 237
- ^ Davis p. 255
- ^ Fleming p. 16
- ^ a b c d e Lengel p. 342
- ^ Morrissey, p. 73
- ^ "George Washington on General Cornwallis' Surrender at Yorktown". The American Revolution, 1763-1783. Library of Congress. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ "Surrender of the British General Cornwallis to the Americans, October 19, 1781". The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.
Article 3 states that: "the garrison of York will march out to a place to be appointed in front of the posts, at two o'clock precisely, with shouldered arms, colors cased, and drums beating a British or German march. They are then to ground their arms, and return to their encampments, where they will remain until they are dispatched to the places of their destination."
- ^ Hibbert p. 330
- ^ a b c Lengel p. 343
- ^ Davis p. 265
- ^ Davis p. 267
- ^ Davis p. 268
- ^ Skemp, Shiela L. (1990) William Franklin Oxford University Press p. 253
- ^ McNeill, J.R. (October 18, 2010). "Malarial mosquitoes helped defeat British in battle that ended Revolutionary War". The Washington Post.
- ^ Mann, Charles C. 1493:Uncovering the New World Columbus Created. Knopf: 2011
- ^ Fleming p. 34
- ^ Fleming p. 35
- ^ Fleming p. 21
- ^ "Yorktown Battlefield".
- ^ Fleming p. 194
- ^ Fleming p. 312
- ^ Reeves p. 253
- ^ Johnston, Henry Phelps. The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis, 1781. (New York: 1881) page 156; accessed 5 October 2009
- ^ Cronau, pp. 243–244
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 113th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981, pp. 221–223.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 116th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981, pp. 227–229.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 175th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1982, pp. 343–345.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 198th Signal Battalion.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery.http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/fa/0005fa01bn.htm.
- ^ "LionHeart FilmWorks". LionHeart FilmWorks.
- Alden, John (1969). A History of the American Revolution. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80366-6.
- Anderson, Dale (2004). The Battle of Yorktown. Gareth Stevens Publishing.
- Chávez, Thomas E. (2002). Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2794-X.
- Cronau, Rudolf (2010). Drei Jahrhunderte deutschen Lebens in Amerika (in German). Hamburg: Severus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-942382-31-1. OCLC 649506358.
- Davis, Burke (2007). The Campaign that Won America. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-8368-5393-3.
- Ferling, John E (2007). Almost a miracle: the American victory in the War of Independence. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-518121-0.
- Fleming, Thomas (1970). The Perils of Peace. New York: The Dial Press. ISBN 978-0-06-113911-6.
- Grainger, John (2005). The Battle of Yorktown, 1781: a reassessment. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-137-2. OCLC 232006312.
- Greene, Jerome A. (2005). The Guns of Independence: The Siege of Yorktown, 1781. New York: Savas Beattie. ISBN 1-932714-05-7.
- Herring, George C. (2011). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199765539.
- Hibbert, Christopher (2002). Redcoats and Rebels. W. W. Norton & Company Paperbacks.
- Lengel, Edward (2005). General George Washington. New York: Random House Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8129-6950-2.
- Mitchell, Barbara (Spring 2007). "Bankrolling the Battle of Yorktown: Gold and silver from Havana enabled Washington's troops to trap Lord Cornwallis". MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History: 16–24.
- Reeves, Thomas C (1975). Gentleman Boss. American Political Biography Press. ISBN 978-0-945707-03-5.
- Morrissey, Brendan (1997). Yorktown 1781: the World Turned Upside Down. London: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-85532-688-0. OCLC 39028166.
- Sawicki, James A. (1981). Infantry Regiments of the US Army. Dumfries, VA: Wyvern Publications. ISBN 978-0-9602404-3-2.
- Wickwire, Franklin and Mary (1970). Cornwallis: The American Adventure. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 62690.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Siege of Yorktown.
- Yorktown Battlefield (National Park Service)
- 1931 Army War College history of the siege republished by the United States Army Center of Military History
- Siege of Yorktown at Xenophon Group Military History Database
- Articles of Capitulation at Yorktown.
- The French Army in the American Revolution at the John Carter Brown Library
- Animated History of The Siege of Yorktown
- The Role of the Spanish and Cubans in the Siege of Yorktown
- The Yorktown Campaign (George Washington's Mount Vernon)
- Yorktown: Now or Never (George Washington's Mount Vernon)


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babe seduced by sisters friend
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- Category: Lesbian
- Views: 1,363,639
- Added: 5 years ago
- Description: Two lovely hot babes having hot and horny sex english subs
- Tags: lesbian, licking, pussy, wet, clit, oral
- Pornstars: Add Pornstar
- Favorite by: 869
- Featured: 5 years ago
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1 year ago
1 year ago
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1 year ago
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5 years ago
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