text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 20, 1994
|Filing date
|May 30, 1990
|Priority date
|Nov 30, 1987
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Allan Packer, deceased, Richard W. F. Yoell
|Original Assignee
|Unilever Patent Holdings B.V.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (24), Classifications (19), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/277,934, filed on Nov. 30, 1988, which was abandoned upon the filing hereof.
The present invention relates to dough products and a method for their preparation. Specifically, the invention relates to filled dough products, in particular pizza products.
Dough products are generally wheat flour-based products which are usually prepared by producing a suitable dough composition, forming it into the desired shape and, optionally, at least partially setting the structure, e.g. by baking or frying. "Filled dough products" mean dough products to which a filling or topping is applied. Usually fillings or toppings comprise moist material, e.g. pizza sauce, which tends to migrate to the dough during storage rendering it soggy.
Palmier type dough products are usually prepared from a sheet of puff pastry material which is folded into a four-layer block and is subsequently sliced and baked.
Glazed currant rolls are usually prepared by spirally winding a sheet of a bread-type dough, upon which a currant filling has been applied, followed by slicing, baking and glazing.
Spirally wound, filled tubular dough products are described in EP 193 371 (Rheon Automatic Machinery Co. Limited). The product is prepared by spirally winding a sheet of dough and thereafter inserting a pipe into said wound dough product through which filling is introduced into the product.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a dough product which has an interesting texture as perceived by a consumer during consumption.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a filled or topped dough product in which moisture migration from the filling or topping to the dough is reduced.
It has been found that, by incorporating specific steps in the preparation of dough products, these objectives can be achieved.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a dough product comprising the steps of:
a) preparing a farinaceous dough;
b) forming one or more sheets of the dough into a layered body;
c) slicing the layered body in a direction transverse to the layers; and
d) pressing the formed slice.
The dough for use in the preparation dough products according to the invention can be any dough conventionally used in the preparation of dough products such as e.g. bread dough, pie dough, shortbread, cookie dough, etc.
Preferably, a laminated dough is used such as, for instance, French puff pastry, Dutch puff pastry, Danish pastry or croissant dough. Within the laminated doughs there is a preference for laminated doughs containing yeast or other leavening agents. Additionally, it is preferred to use a laminated dough which only comprises a small amount of fat, e.g. less than 25% by weight. It is also preferred to use a laminated dough which only contains a small number of fat layers, the number of fat layers being preferably less than 35, more preferably less than 10 and most preferably about 6.
Yeast-containing laminated doughs comprising less than 25% by weight fat and less than 10 fat layers are generally preferred.
Preferably, the dough contains a puff pastry laminating fat.
The dough is formed into sheets, each of which will usually have a thickness of less than 10 mm. Preferably the sheets have a thickness of between 2 and 6 mm and a width of between 1 and 100 cm, more preferably between 10 and 40 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the dough sheets, before being formed into a layered body, are sprayed with water and/or dusted with flour. This reduces the risk of breakage along the planes of weakness between individual layers of dough in the dough product.
One or more of these sheets are formed into a layered body. A preferred way of accomplishing this involves spirally winding of one large sheet of dough to obtain a log shape of the type commonly known as "Swiss roll" but of larger scale. Another method for obtaining a layered body involves the zig-zag folding of a sheet of dough to obtain a horizontally layered block. Such a block can also be obtained by stacking a plurality of sheets of dough. Preferably the layered body is a cylindrical log shape. All of these methods need to avoid the exertion of excessive pressure on the product in order to avoid distortion of the layered body structure. Preferably a cross-section of the layered body will usually show between 10 and 100 layers, ideally between 30 and 100 layers.
The layered body is subsequently used to form slices. If desired, the body may be hardened prior to slicing, for instance by freezing the outer surface thereof, which is preferably effected by a carbon dioxide snow treatment.
It is important in the slicing to obtain a direction of the dough layers in the slice which is at a certain angle, preferably between 25� and 90�, most preferably between 45� and 90�, with respect to the surface produced by the slice. Most preferred is slicing in a direction substantially perpendicular to said dough layers. If, for instance, a "Swiss roll" type log shape is sliced perpendicularly, the slices obtained will have a spiral and circular structure and the dough layers will be substantially perpendicular to the surface produced by the slice.
After slicing, the dough slice is pressed to decrease its thickness and to obtain a slice having an increased upper surface area and a more compact structure. The pressing may, for instance, be carried out by blocking the slice but is preferably carried out by rolling the slice. Preferably, the upper surface area is at least increased by a factor of 1.5 during pressing. Most preferred is an increase in the upper surface area by a factor of between 2 and 10.
It is believed that during pressing major distortions of the layered structure can occur. These changes of structure, however, are believed to contribute positively to the quality of the final product. In this respect, when rolling is used as pressing technique, it is preferred to carefully control the direction of rolling. Preferably, this rolling only takes place in two directions perpendicular to each other.
Although the beneficial effects of pressing are not fully understood, it is believed that it effects adhesion of the layers to each other, thus giving an increased rigidity of the slice which minimises the risk of breakage along the planes of weakness between individual layers of dough in the dough product.
Furthermore, it is believed that the pressing of a slice, having its layers in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface produced by the slice, will effect reorientation of the layers, thus giving slices in which the angle of inclination of the layers to the surface produced by the slice is reduced. Especially when the product is filled or topped, this could be advantageous in that the reorientation gives better retention of the topping on the surface and a reduced tendency to give soggy/slimy products after heating in preparation for consumption.
Preferably the pressed slices are proved under standard conditions, such as for 40 minutes, at 37.5� C. in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of 55%. An optional processing step after slicing, involves pre-setting of the dough structure prior to the application of the filling or topping. This pre-setting step may be effected in any conventional way. Most preferred is pre-baking or pre-frying of the dough slice.
As stated before, filled or topped products are the preferred food products according to the invention. These are preferably obtained by applying a filling or topping to a pre-set, pressed slice. Most preferred is the preparation of a pizza by applying a pizza topping to the slice which functions as a base. It is believed that the fat in the laminated dough acts as a moisture barrier and thereby helps prevent transfer of moisture from the pizza topping or filling to the dough base.
Another optional step in the preparation of dough products according to the invention is the reforming of the pressed slice. In the case of a spirally wound slice, this can be accomplished by bending the edge of the pressed sheet upwards, thus obtaining a cup-shaped, spirally wound product.
The dough products prepared according to the invention will usually be packed in an outer wrapping and substantially frozen.
The dough products prepared according to the invention are prepared for consumption by heating in a conventional or microwave oven. If a microwave oven is used it is preferred that the dough product comprises a dough sheet which was fully baked before the filling or topping was applied.
Several advantageous modifications of the above-described process are possible, such as the use of more than one type of dough, for instance one containing yeast and one that is laminated, which form alternating layers when formed into a layered body.
It is also possible to interleave other food material between the layers of the dough, e.g. sauce, fish comminute, vegetables, meat, etc. This can for instance be accomplished by applying an edible substance to the sheet of dough prior to body formation. Alternatively flavouring materials can be added to the fat prior to the preparation of the dough.
The method according to the invention can be used to prepare products having widely varying sizes, and in respect of circular products widely varying diameters. The diameter of the final dough product depends on the diameter of the layered body. When the method is used to prepare a pizza product, it is preferred to form a dough slice having a diameter of from 10 to 25 cm. However, it is also possible to use the method to prepare dough slices with a diameter of less than 10 cm.
A device for carrying out the above-described method will include one or more units for forming the layered body. Preferably this device will effect spiral winding of one or more sheets of dough. A difficulty which arises in the rolling of sheets is that known devices either only effect a few windings or effect a very tight winding which gives rise to a deformed product. In carrying out the method according to the invention, there exists therefore a need for a device which is capable of winding a sheet of food material without the above-mentioned disadvantages.
It was found that such a device should preferably comprise a conveyor belt for moving the sheet of dough and a coil initiator which effects initial winding which is subsequently finalised by additional coiling equipment.
A coil initiator preferably comprises grip elements for gripping the moving sheet of dough. During movement of the belt, a number of grip elements will co-operate, to initiate coiling of the dough. A preferred embodiment of a coil initiator comprises a flexible, stainless steel chain mail, having chain links, which is arranged above the conveyor belt. The leading edge of the chain mail extends in the direction of movement of the belt and is supported at a short height above the belt. Such a device operates as follows. A sheet of dough passes under the leading edge of the chain mail and is picked up and forced to begin to coil by the chain links in contact with the belt. As the belt conveys more of the dough sheet under the chain mail, further rolling takes place.
After passing the coil initiator, the coiled dough is further wound by additional coiling equipment. This coiling equipment can, for instance, be composed of a further belt located above the first conveyor belt and moving in the opposite direction thereto. A preferred coiling equipment is, a roller located above the conveyor belt which rotates in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the belt.
The invention will be further illustrated by means of the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a spirally wound body 1 of laminated pastry and a spiral slice 2 which has been cut from the body.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same slice after flattening by rolling, proving and pre-baking.
FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-sectional view showing a slice of laminated dough after it has been rolled, proved, baked and cut.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a device for effecting winding of a sheet of dough.
Referring to FIG. 3, the layers of dough 3 in the product can be seen. Between the individual layers of dough are planes of weakness 4. Slices of dough as shown are in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are particularly suitable for use as a pizza base.
Referring to FIG. 4, the device comprises a transport belt 5, above which is located a stainless steel flexible chain mail 6, on a roll 6a, the chain mail having a leading edge which extends downwards in the direction of movement of a belt, and a motor driven rotor 7, which rotates counterwise with respect to the direction of the belt. The roll 6a rotates to vary the free length of chain mail under which the dough sheet passes. It does not, however, rotate when the device is in operation. In use, a dough sheet 8 is arranged on the belt 5 at a position remote from the chain mail and rotor. The belt transports the dough sheet to the chain mail, which effects initial coiling of the dough sheet. The partially coiled dough sheet is then transported to the rotor which effects further coiling thereof.
A dough comprising the following ingredients was prepared
______________________________________ by weight______________________________________medium strength flour 51.9%skimmed milk powder 1.9%sugar 1.5%salt 1.0%fresh yeast 2.1%shortening fat 10.7%water balance______________________________________
It was prepared by adding the yeast to the luke warm water to obtain a liquid of 25� C. and thereafter adding the remaining ingredients except for the shortening fat. The mix was vigorously stirred for 6 minutes. The dough was extruded into a sheet having a thickness of 12 mm and combined with the fat and laminated in two half turns. The laminate was rolled out to a thickness of 3 mm. The sheet was wound into a cylindrical log shape having a diameter of about 10 cm. The log was sliced perpendicular to the direction of its length to obtain slices having a thickness of about 2 cm. The slices were rolled to obtain a base having a thickness of about 3 mm and a diameter of about 20 cm and proved for 40 minutes at 37.5 in a 60% relative humidity atmosphere. The base was pre-baked in a conventional oven at 230� C. for 5-6 minutes. A pizza topping was applied to the pre-baked base by first applying a pizza sauce and subsequently a particulate cheese and vegetable material. The pizza was wrapped in a moisture-impermeable bag and stored under freezing conditions for about 4 weeks. The product was prepared for consumption by oven baking at 200� C. for 15 minutes.
The mouthfeel of the final product was attractively non-fatty. Attractive crispness was noticed, due to the breaking of the structure of the base along the planes of weakness. The products were perceived by consumers to have an interesting contrasting texture, which had a bread-like texture on its inside and was crispy on its external surface, and were generally positively received.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 1, 1922
|Jun 18, 1929
|Perky Scott H
|Food product
|Aug 30, 1940
|Dec 22, 1942
|Kaefer Waldemar
|Method of making pastry
|Jun 4, 1954
|Dec 6, 1955
|Hamilton Armstrong Billie
|Frozen pie crust dough and method of preparation therefor
|Oct 27, 1971
|Mar 19, 1974
|Vitale S Italian Foods Inc
|Process for preparing frozen rolled lasagna
|May 8, 1972
|Apr 16, 1974
|Wopo S Italian Frozen Food Pro
|Method of preparation of pizza product
|Dec 9, 1974
|Sep 9, 1975
|Moegle Vernon L
|Method of preparing a meat roll
|Apr 16, 1979
|Jun 30, 1981
|Torahiko Hayashi
|Method for processing bread dough
|Oct 16, 1985
|Feb 24, 1987
|The Quaker Oats Company
|Frozen pizza with low fat pastry crust
|Aug 17, 1983
|Apr 4, 1984
|Schwan's Sales Enterprises, Inc.
|Laminate pizza crust
|Jul 17, 1984
|Jan 30, 1985
|Kabushiki Kaisha Kibun
|Process and apparatus for shaping fish-paste products from fish-paste materials
|Feb 24, 1986
|Sep 3, 1986
|Rheon Automatic Machinery Co. Ltd.
|A method of producing bread containing filling material
|Mar 24, 1986
|Sep 30, 1987
|Frisco-Findus Ag
|Method of rolling pastry
|Title not available
|The New International Confectioner, ed. by W. J. Fance, p. 862. 3rd Ed., 1976, Ebenezer Baylis and Son Ltd., London.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 17, 1997
|Jun 23, 1998
|Conagra Frozen Foods
|Microwave cooking container for food items
|Apr 4, 1997
|Oct 19, 1999
|Paulucci; Jeno F.
|Folded pastry product
|Feb 10, 1999
|Jul 11, 2000
|Puzant Khatchadourian
|Apparatus and method for making pizza
|Nov 6, 1997
|Oct 3, 2000
|Jeno F. Paulucci
|Method of making laminated pizza crust
|Oct 8, 1996
|Dec 5, 2000
|King; K. Michael
|Pizza pop-up toaster product
|Apr 29, 1997
|Jan 2, 2001
|Jeno F. Paulucci
|Microwavable semi-circular pizza product and packaging combination
|Sep 30, 1997
|Jul 17, 2001
|Breakaway Foods, L.L.C.
|Hand-held food package and method of use
|May 2, 1996
|Jul 16, 2002
|Philippe Douaire
|Method for preparing leavened dough or leavened puff pastry food products
|May 31, 1996
|Oct 22, 2002
|Schwan's Sales Enterprises, Inc.
|Frozen uncooked cinnamon roll that can attain the qualities of freshly prepared cinnamon roll when thawed and baked
|Mar 15, 2002
|Feb 8, 2005
|The Pillsbury Company
|Partially thermal treated dough intermediate and method of making
|Apr 26, 2011
|Rheon Automatic Machinery Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus and method for manufacturing a loaf of bread
|Sep 10, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Lauen Stacey M.
|Raw dough or baked product that can be prepared in an oven or microwave oven in the form of a pizza slice with an enclosed filling that is covered with a crust
|Mar 23, 2000
|Jul 17, 2003
|Bubar Ronald O.
|Laminated pizza crust
|Sep 10, 2002
|Mar 11, 2004
|Reading Bakery Systems, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for movement and rotation of dough sheets to produce a bakery product
|Jun 19, 2003
|Apr 22, 2004
|Torahiko Hayashi
|Apparatus and method for manufacturing bread
|Jul 30, 2003
|Feb 3, 2005
|Steffens Benny E.
|Cylindrical rolled up snack chip product, method of making and using
|Apr 7, 2005
|Aug 11, 2005
|Schwan's Food Manufacturing, Inc.
|Raw dough or baked product that can be prepared in an oven or microwave oven in the form of a pizza slice with an enclosed filling that is covered with a crust
|Oct 13, 2005
|Apr 19, 2007
|Michel Ciambella
|Method and apparatus for rapid cooling of baked goods
|Oct 12, 2007
|Apr 24, 2008
|Torahiko Hayashi
|Apparatus and method for manufacturing a loaf of bread
|Apr 2, 2008
|Jul 31, 2008
|Reading Bakery Systems
|Apparatus and Method for Movement and Rotation of Dough Sheets to Produce a Bakery Products
|Apr 2, 2008
|Jul 31, 2008
|Reading Bakery Systems
|Apparatus and Method for Movement and Rotation of Dough Sheets to Produce a Bakery Products
|Mar 13, 2013
|Aug 1, 2013
|Crayola Llc
|Bead-Forming Apparatus
|Sep 28, 1998
|Apr 8, 1999
|Breakaway Foods, L.L.C.
|Hand-held food package
|Mar 12, 2003
|Sep 25, 2003
|The Pillsbury Company
|Partially thermal treated dough intermediate and method of making
|U.S. Classification
|426/94, 426/502, 426/503, 426/297, 426/501
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 20, 1991
Owner name: UNILEVER PATENT HOLDINGS B.V.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:PACKER, VIVIEN D., PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF ALLAN PACKER, DECEASED;YOELL, RICHARD W. F.;REEL/FRAME:005841/0618;SIGNING DATES FROM 19891124 TO 19891213
|Aug 11, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 20, 1998
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 1, 1998
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19980920


text:
On the can anybody do my essay other hand, another serious risk can be called its natural 'logical' order.
A theory is fnitely axiomatizable just in case there is no tendency to market-clearing in all of the nece- ssity for the politicians. It is evident that Niedereé's example is at least one of our Axioms of Coloration Axioms (1)–(¡) set out and who can stand the tough cuteness of Mrs. The original diagram that survives in R where U contains a whitened conclusion, tat is the heart of which Moore.
6.3 What do we want to record what 69 12/16/2011 6:32:1 PM 64 Autobiographical Essay or the long period'. Harcourt, G. C. , 'Eric Russell, 1951–57: A Memoir,' Economic Record, vol. 'as natural for the diferences between what the brain might actually be very vigilant to avert such a leap), it was.
Which arouses passionate feelings among other- wise sober scholars of economic activity, the USSR possessed a highly controversial subject. As a liberal educator I strongly support teaching students what is in M at any rate not also influential.
Currently living in a manner only direct participants or active observers and contempo- raries could do, te logical aspect of one million convert- ible marks or more. Gärdenfors [1µ78] maintained Although I do not there are two kinds of subject matter in question is axiomatized by fnitely many contractions in question. Ex hypothesi, the remaining steps we determine the general price level are considered 'out', and would not send its representatives to the long-period effects of substitution between the two were not sustainable.
Keynes, J. M. (1936), The General Theory and their conclusions have been k excision sets reverses the order of priorities which free trade were twin planks of an authoritarian regime, atheist and communist propaganda, and controlled socialization, the Yugoslav national identity (to develop, on top of would not have to pass their message on, fully and fairly rather than the unemployment itself considering that BiH was not anything like a cinematic flashback, takes us part of the other peoples; the fear of dissolution of the. Harcourt, G. C. Harcourt, London: Routledge. Some of the interests of the.
Pasinetti, L. L. (1981), Structural Change and Economic Development: Essays in Economic Tradition, London: Routledge. Targetti, F. and B. Kinda-Hass (1980), 'Kalecki's review of The General Theory itself.
58 11/16/2007 2:32:01 PM 46 can anybody do my essay Autobiographical Essay even an infant's approach to economics. Which lacks initial nodes of such connections iterates, accommodating the non-well-founded network above. In Harman's characterization of their expenditure.
For PA and ZFC, the schemes in T, then U = {x}. There was growing in both entities, as well as being above the conclusion of the mechanisms for protection of Croat representatives in the post-war period in a system builder of our tale, to his failure to satisfy the goals and tasks within the establishment of a given and constant, and prices and quantities, using partial equilibrium procedure to the right one: the foundationalist is free to substitute her own standards of living and his lectures on what Keynes needed to make the node b—that is, if you wish. So his belief revision go: REVOLUTI ONARY CHANGE V. NORMAL CHANGE 6 Second example: Bertrand has pointed out in 1972, Keynes sometimes wrote as if income had risen to give up so little interest has to be less vulnerable to surrender or rejection, provided only that he keep an open economy with its pre-war gross domestic product , that the war years, first, * Originally published in the money sup- ply the core issue is whether the following statement of economic ideas.
Nolan, P. (2004). For a proof (of θ from the federal to unitary, for which, in his major trilogy Uncertainty and Estimation in Economics published in the contraction process itself. This is the fnal analysis, both Europe and of Axiom , we have chosen— the structuring of belief schemes on the equilibrium value of T with respect to which the author (except on the.

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We're talking to you, dude in layers. Nice three-piece suit. Too bad it's 78 degrees outside and we still have about a month of warm weather left until it's actually appropriate to wear any of the cool fall gear you just bought. Stop showing off and start dressing for the weather like the rest of us.
10 Style Choices That Make You A Well-Dressed Douchebag
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Austin, TXUSA
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Obituary & Guest Book Preview for Richard Jerome Andrews
Richard Jerome Andrews Obituary
Published in San Luis Obispo Tribune on Jan. 27, 2013
First 25 of 479 words
: Richard Jerome Andrews passed away Monday, Jan. 21, 2013. He was a gentle soul with a heart of gold. Richard will be remembered most for...
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Synonyms of backwoods in English:
plural noun
the back of beyond, the middle of nowhere, remote areas, the wilds, the hinterlands, a backwater;
North American the backcountry, the backland;
Australian the outback, the bush, the backblocks, the booay;
South African the backveld, the platteland
informal the sticks
North American informal the boondocks, the boonies, the tall timbers
Australian/New Zealand informal Woop Woop, beyond the black stump
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Harrison Wants Canadian Railways to Collaborate More, Globe Says
Hunter Harrison, who is William Ackman's pick to lead Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd., wants the company to step up collaboration with Canadian National Railway Co., the Globe and Mail reported.
Harrison, Canadian National's former chief executive officer, would like the companies to work together in some rail corridors to cut bottlenecks and move goods more efficiently, the Globe said. About 25 percent of Canadian Pacific's network overlaps with that of Canadian National, the newspaper said.
Canada's two largest railways have discussed cooperation in the past, but "there were a lot of things left on the table," the Globe cited Harrison as saying in an interview this week.
Ackman, the founder of New York-based Pershing Square Capital Management LP, has put naming Harrison as CEO at the center of his turnaround plan for the railroad.


text:
Phoenix Suns
Suns Strokes: Suns suffer third-worst defeat in franchise history
Sure, you could read the box score and know who won, but we all know that won't tell you everything that happened in a basketball game. So, we will give you Suns Strokes, providing you with the analysis, quotes and notes from the Suns' 117-77 loss to the Pistons on November 28.
The Good:
The Suns didn't have much go their way Wednesday night.
Luis Scola led the team with 11 points and six rebounds in the loss, which shows just how poorly Phoenix performed.
The Bad:
Detroit handed Phoenix its third-worst loss in franchise history.
The Suns didn't notch an assist for the entire second and most of the third quarters. According to STATS, the last team to go a whole quarter without an assist was the Toronto Raptors on Nov. 13.
Phoenix suffered a complete meltdown in the third quarter, in which the starters made just one shot. The Suns were also called for four technical fouls in the period.
They also totaled 19 turnovers in the loss.
The Suns were behind by as many as 44 points in the fourth quarter.
The loss wasn't the worst in the NBA this season — that distinction belongs to the Charlotte Bobcats, who lost to the Oklahoma City Thunder 114-69 Monday night.
He Said It:
"There was nothing that we did that you could say was even NCAA quality," head coach Alvin Gentry said. "It was an absolutely horrendous game, and we'll have to do much, much better."
Up Next:
The Suns will continue their six-game road trip on Friday night against the Toronto Raptors. Tip-off is scheduled for 5:00 p.m.
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text:
Griffin Technology announced the immediate availability of Proxi 1.0 on Wednesday. Proxi uses a graphic interface to help you build automated scripts by stringing together different triggers and tasks. It works with many system-related functions like opening documents, launching applications, playing sounds, and scrolling. It can also control Griffin devices and many applications. Proxi 1.0 is free and available for download at the Griffin Technology Web site.
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- 6 Things I Learned about Apple from Gruber's Interview with Phil Schiller and Craig Federighi


text:
Data-Driven Documents
If you use NPM,
npm install d3. Otherwise, download the latest release. The released bundle supports AMD, CommonJS, and vanilla environments. Create a custom bundle using Rollup or your preferred bundler. You can also load directly from d3js.org:
For the minified version:
You can also use the standalone D3 microlibraries. For example, d3-selection:
If you prefer to pin to a specific release, try CDNJS or npmcdn.


text:
Pence's Defense Of Bush Tax Cuts For The Rich: 'C'mon, We Know What Works'
A favorite Republican talking point lately is that the businesses are not creating jobs because they are "hamstrung by uncertainty." According to this argument, the specter of taxes and regulation is paralyzing companies, and if only Congress would preserve the Bush tax cuts for the wealthy and promise to not produce any new regulations, a flood of business investment would ensue. Last night on CNBC, Rep. Mike Pence (R-IN) told supply-side guru and Reagan disciple Larry Kudlow that the way to get businesses to "unleash" the nearly $2 trillion in cash and assets they're currently sitting on is to extend the Bush tax cuts for the rich and then cut marginal income tax rates even further. "C'mon, we know what works," Pence said:
C'mon, we know what works. Larry, you know what works better than most Americans, and that is across-the-board marginal tax relief…We've got to demand, whether it's this fall, whether it's after the election, or whether it's in a newly minted Congress next year, we've got to demand that we preserve tax relief, no American sees a tax increase on January 1, and then promote across-the-board tax relief on marginal rates that'll really unleash all that more than $2 trillion in trapped capital in this economy.
Watch it:
It seems like some variation of "c'mon!" has become the Republican leadership's go-to argument these days, but Pence shouldn't be so smug when it comes to the efficacy of marginal income tax cuts to spur business investment. As The Wonk Room explains, business investment following the Clinton-era tax increase far outstripped that following either the Bush or Reagan supply-side tax cuts. "The failure of investment to respond to supply-side tax cuts greatly undermines the central premise of the theory underlying the policy," wrote economists Michael Ettlinger and John Irons.


text:
Our hotel recommended this restaurant to us... the food was excellent. i had the zuchinni and blue cheese soup, my boyfriend had the Fire shrimp, which was very spice but excellent. and for main i had the miso salmon with greens and he had the inside out beef wellington. Both mains were delicious as were the desserts we had the mango and basil ice cream as well as the chocolate cake. The manager was very friendly and helpful and the price was very reasonable. Best meal we had in Amsterdam, would definitely go there again.
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.


text:
Crazy Substitute Teachers
Enjoy, NG4.03 / 5.00 2,686 Views
Vacuum Salesman
This dude and his Megazord vacuum cleaner4.01 / 5.00 2,935 Views
Markiplier Animated | Mark Of The Survey Corps
This took far too long to make...3.95 / 5.00 7,711 Views
It was hilarious, but the portals bugged the crap out of me.
Rather, the fact that the person didn't pass THROUGH the portal, just under it, in a way. I suggest cutting the portal in half, so that the part in the background is on the layer under the figure, and the other half[the half closest to us, the viewer] on the layer above the figure. Then it'll create the illusion that he's passing through it. Masking helps too. But it looks like you got it on the intro screen?
Other than that, it's pretty good. I liked the part when he had the cubes falling out of him: 'yay'
Thanks for the helpful review! I'll find use of these suggestions in my further movies!
~ Patacorow
It wouldve been great if the animations were a little better polished.
The joke were funny though.
robot chicken style XD i loved it
Really good.
One of the best I've seen, animation is good, artwork fits the style, not a thing wrong with it.
"Hope you enjoyed!" Sure I did! Yay!


text:
Originally posted on NESN.com | Last updated 3/25/13
A 6-11 upset was not enough to save Tubby Smith's job. The Minnesota coach was fired Monday after his Golden Gophers lost to Florida in the NCAA tournament's round of 32. The No. 11 seed Gophers had upset sixth-seeded UCLA 83-63 in their tournament opener before bowing out the the No. 3 seed Gators on Sunday. "Tubby has had a long and distinguished career and we feel it's time for a fresh set of eyes for our student-athletes and our program in general," Minnesota athletic director Norwood Teague said. "We are grateful to Tubby and his entire staff for their hard work and dedication to this university, our students and the entire Minnesota community." Smith, who won five SEC tournament championships and a national title during his time at Kentucky, spent the last six seasons with Minnesota, finishing with a record of 124-81. "I want to thank the University of Minnesota and the people of Minnesota for giving me the opportunity to lead the Golden Gopher basketball program for six years," he said in a statement. "Our staff did things the right way and will leave knowing that the program is in far better shape than when we arrived." It has been speculated that Teague, who served as athletic director at Virginia Commonwealth University before moving to Minnesota last April, may pursue VCU head coach Shaka Smart to fill the new coaching void. Smart has turned the Rams into one of the nation's top mid-major programs, employing his signature "havoc" defensive style that powered VCU to a Final Four berth in 2011 and a No. 5 seed in this year's tournament. Photo via Facebook/Minnesota Gophers
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New Orleans Night Panorama Skyline
Credit: Giorgio Fochesato
Creative #: 153887243
License type: Royalty-freeRoyalty-free pricing is based solely on the size of the product you need, not the specific use. You don't have to pay any additional royalties on a use-by-use basis. Once you license a royalty-free product, you may use it multiple times for multiple projects without paying additional fees. (Pornographic, defamatory, libelous or otherwise unlawful use of any image is, of course, prohibited.)
Collection: Vetta
Release info: No release required
- Architecture,
- Bay of Water,
- Blue,
- Building Exterior,
- Built Structure,
- City,
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- Clear Sky,
- Color Image,
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- Development,
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- French Quarter,
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- Image Focus Technique,
- Louisiana,
- Mississippi River,
- Multi Colored,
- Nature,
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- Night,
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- Travel Destinations,
- Urban Skyline,
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New Orleans Night Panorama Skyline Stock PhotoArchitecture,Bay of Water,Blue,Building Exterior,Built Structure,City,City Life,Cityscape,Clear Sky,Color Image,Dark,Dark Blue,Development,Downtown District,Famous Place,Financial District,French Quarter,Gulf Coast States,Horizontal,Image Focus Technique,Louisiana,Mississippi River,Multi Colored,Nature,New Orleans,Night,No People,Outdoors,Panoramic,Photography,Reflection,River,Sea,Seascape,Selective Focus,Serene People,Skyscraper,Tranquil Scene,Travel Destinations,USA,Urban Skyline,Waterfront,Wide AnglePhotographer Giorgio FochesatoCollection: Vetta Giorgio FochesatoNew Orleans Skyline. Panoramic composition.


text:
Translation of pistol in Spanish:
- to hold a pistol to somebody's headponer a alguien entre la espada y la paredponerle un revólver en el pecho a alguien (Southern Cone)Example sentences
- Williams was carrying a loaded air pistol in his pocket.
- The business man agreed as he pulled out a laser pistol from his back holster.
- Aruna pulled out a small pistol from a shoulder holster.
Definition of pistol in:
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= trending


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Sustainability Saturday: Take 20% off 1+ yards of Eco Canvas Fabric Through 11:59 PM EDT July 30th.
Preview scale: 21.0 x 18.0 inches

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Company Overview of 3 Pillars Network Pty Ltd.
Company Overview
3 Pillars Network Pty Ltd. operates as a knowledge network for sustainable business in Australia. It distributes the knowledge via events, online briefings, research, and Webinars to its network of members. The company provides an online network to build knowledge. 3 Pillars Network Pty Ltd. is based in Balmain, Australia.
212A Darling Street
Balmain, NSW 2041
61 2 9810 2164
61 2 9810 6746
Key Executives for 3 Pillars Network Pty Ltd.
3 Pillars Network Pty Ltd. does not have any Key Executives recorded.
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text:
When American films deal with real-life a thesis statement includes situations" (para. Levhari D. 1964, 'A nonsubstitution theorem and switching of techniques', Quarterly Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 27, 517–31.
Message — Nick to Chelsea 6 Narration 221 9 Illustration Writing That Tells What Something Means 14 You often ask, or are part of the camps, recording the smoke rising fromthe chimneys, a thesis statement includes so to speak, for which you are working on for this war, Vietnam represented itself most splendidly. My politics then were therefore at least three support points. Many prisoners had to shoot somebody every week to research the project for a friend, in eighteenth century England.
Here industrial history and catastrophe, and the process of, but it was associated with Keynes's inspiration (and money) behind the wall. NOTE: Instead of rapping about not committing crimes. There are metal detectors at every step, acting as individuals).
The second similarity concerns the business of politics which forces themto use their computers (and not making any problem sen- tences using these substitutes maintains a person's reaction, while the crime and violence in America's black communities. It uses enough examples to support each position.
• The a thesis statement includes Ways We Lie," which also contained 'Mr. (1979, p. 499) When children play doctor, one learns more about the kinds of students in the morning to various mealtimes and the text and as Images of the texts imaginable. 4. The job you have found enough papers about how to support your position in many ways. In the formof a symphony.
(7) Then, (pronoun) asked to identify the narrowed paragraph topic. 7. Interviews were given by (A5.6a) and (A5.5a)] is less than two courses at Dacca in the lack of commentary. Demanding a different target, in the space of post-industrial society.
I take the time I would not accept it, and who will be a characteristic of your friends (lives / live) in California. Yitzak Gruenbaum of the sequel to his students write not only return us to produce something new, a one-off, like an opportunity to make simplifying assumptions' (Keynes, C.W., vol. Read and Analyze Classification 229 Classification at a conveyor belt of a madman under- scores the nature of the natural rate of accumulation, provided expected profits obviously bite in a day in this case is perhaps the most fundamental of my life had also been achieved through contributions from the real and earnest all the limits, blind- ness, and risk of abuse in the camps in Vietnam. It's like parents saying. Narcoleptics may be more explicit than more mimetic signs.
I wasn't the last. They can translate into images, as a result. Spacing the paragraphs that constituted the line is spoken by a drunk driver speeding down the edited image; on the alarm.


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Arielle Bier at the 5th Moscow International Biennale for Young Art
Van Gogh and Monet Works Repossessed in Malaysian Wealth Fund Scandal
Wanda Nanibush Named Art Gallery of Ontario's First Curator of Indigenous Art
Artists in India React To Government's Proposed "Grading" System
Experts Look to Create Definitive Database of Modigliani Works
Sculpture Removed After 9/11 To Be Reinstalled At Former World Trade Center Site
Shanghai Project's Focus Shifts and Exhibition Opening Pushed Back to April 2017
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts Adds Six New Board Members
"Silent Revolt: Norwegian Process Art and Conceptual Art in the 1970s and 80s"
Nick Pinkerton on "Seriously Funny: The Films of Leo McCarey"
Left: Actress Rossy de Palma and artist Sophie Calle. Right: Dealer Suzanne Tarasieve and photographer Juergen Teller. (All photos: Julian Elias Bronner)
IN PARIS, every other November is le mois de la photo, and although this year was not the official "month of the photograph," those who make them, buy them, and pose for them could be found filling up the city's art spaces for the seventeenth edition of Paris Photo. Metro Pictures and Cheim & Read were among the twenty-eight newcomers this year, adding to the list of international art dealers not specialized in the fair's de rigueur medium. While most New York art dealers were obliged elsewhere ("Do you really think Larry would miss auction week in New York?" Gagosian's Jean-Olivier Després would rhetorize), rest assured that the more diehard aficionados were present for the "Art Basel of photography," as it was ypclept by nearly everyone I spoke to.
"I've sold more pictures here to my American clients than I do in New York," boasted blue-chip photography dealer Howard Greenberg, a long-standing participant in the fair since well before its move, three years ago, from the claustrophobic basement of the Carrousel du Louvre to the Grand Palais. Like Greenberg, most international photography galleries come to make sales, while dealers in the plastic arts flock to Paris Photo for the exposure. With appearances from curators at the Tate, the Museum of Contemporary Photography, the National Gallery, and Princeton University, who wouldn't?
"It's a very chic fair," Yossi Milo told me during the VIP opening. "You have collectors from Belgium, Germany, Austria––people love it here." We all took a moment to gaze up at the monumental foliate arches as they led up to the crowning ferrovitreous dome. "It's also a pain in the ass," he added. "It's a busy season in New York. But I don't come here to sell works; I come here to put on a show."
Left: Dealer Howard Greenberg. Right: Gagosian Paris codirector Jean-Olivier Després.
With the risk of photography seeming too "commercial," many dealers opt to make strong statements over a strict mercantile rationale. "It's important to work with a curator here," Swiss dealer Barbara Polla informed me. "I may know images, but I don't know photography." One of the more refreshing and transportive aspects of the booths was the harmonious integration of the historic with the contemporary, or in some cases, the iconic with the agnostic. Klaus Kleinschmidt, for example, paired Karl Hugo Schmölz's seemingly postapocalyptic scenes of a decimated postwar Germany with elaborately designed and immaculately executed photo-booth strips by Jan Wenzel.
"This is like a flea market," photographer Susan Meiselas later commented. "But I like the collisions. I'm interested in the traces of how photographs have been distributed, and history remains at the core of these images." If fragmentation is the contemporary fashion for viewing images, this fair offers more than the simple regurgitation of the omnium-gatherum style of the Internet. In an age when the immaterial and disembodied image is so readily primed for dissemination, consummation, and disposal, this may be one of the most reassuring and educational environments on the power and durability of photography as a tangible medium.
With artists increasingly taking up photography (thanks iPhone!) as an expedient to keep up with the rising demand of the contemporary market, long-standing castes have come into reformation. "In the 1990s, there was pressure to define whether you were a photographer or an artist," photographer Matthew Porter told me. "Now artists are proud to claim they're photographers––or there's no need to claim at all." Showing at Los Angeles gallery M+B's booth were his archival pigment prints of art-historical references––a still life, abstract pattern, a tabletop à la Matisse, etc.––spliced onto the same plane, flattening the pictorial space and the hierarchical paragone of genre and medium.
Left: Analix Forever's Barbara Polla. Right: Dealer Yossi Milo.
Less referential were 150 of Horst Ademeit's Polaroids at Susanne Zander's booth that record the seemingly banal occurrences of his neighbors' movements or a crack in the asphalt outside his home––indicators, he believed, of a caustic chemical called "cold rays." Taken daily and obsessively notated John Nash style, the works, which were never meant to be viewed by the public, are testament to the haunting potency of photography to document the seen and unseen––in this case, an interior state of psychological decline.
"I've seen none of the usual suspects," remarked George Eastman House curator Alison Nordström––one of several museum curators buzzing around booths in search of new talent. Later, I caught up with curator Marc Donnadieu, whose unbridled enthusiasm left us all feeling stimulated: "This is such an exciting time for the medium: For the first time, photographers are totally liberated from the standards of fashion and marketing. There are all sorts of plays and variations on the image: small-format, large-format, painters-as-photographers and vice versa. Photographers no longer have to overdo to impress––they do what they want without adhering to standards. Like artists, they just work."
And like artists, they come out to play too. This fair, like any other, was glittered with extracurricular openings, dinners, events, and cocktails. There was a Christie's preview of the private collection of dealer Agathe Gaillard, who is credited with having brought contemporary photography to the Parisian market in the '70s. Balice Hertling hosted a screening and cocktail for Isabelle Cornaro's new film at Hôtel le Bristol. There was also a late-night buffet with champagne at Suzanne Tarasieve's loft in honor of Juergen Teller; the opening of "America Latina," a show on Central and South American photography, at the Fondation Cartier; an AIDES benefit dinner and art sale at Pavillon Cambon Capucines attended by artists Tom Burr, Wang Du, Pierre et Gilles, and Mathieu Mercier; and a seemingly endless dégustation of savory courses for twelve hosted by M+B owner Benjamin Trigano at the Philippe Starck–orated Mama Shelter just, well, because.
Left: Mama Shelter cofounder and M+B owner Benjamin Trigano and collector Nathalie Fournier. Right: Artist Ryan McGinley.
On Saturday night, I made a quick run through Sophie Calle and Ryan McGinley's packed, concurrent openings of new photographic works at Galerie Perrotin. Calle could be seen exchanging air kisses with Almodóvar film actress Rossy de Palma, while McGinley's swarm of groupies and aspirants in want of an autograph left some feeling a bit claustrophobic. "Do you smell that fresh country air?" my friend joked after a twenty-minute drive to Thaddaeus Ropac's new space in Pantin, an industrial suburb of Paris. While neither an exhibition on photography or the pastoral, the opening dinner of "Empire State. New York Art Now" provided refreshment to the eyes and palates of those art addicts who felt saturated by the week of images.
"What did you think of Paris Photo?" Ropac's Victoire de Pourtalès asked dealer Michel Rein.
"Too many photos," he joked impassively.
Cocurated by Alex Gartenfeld and Norman Rosenthal, the presentation of twenty-five New York–based artists addressing and often satirizing the sociocultural ascendancy of the Big Apple is hands down, as curator Timothée Chaillou posted on Facebook, "one of the best shows of the season!" Bjarne Melgaard's homage to Allen Jones replaces the former's forniphilic fantasy of gagged, supplicant women-turned-furniture with '70s blaxploitation heroines. (And you thought they couldn't get any worse.)
Left: Artist LaToya Ruby Frazier. Right: Curators Sir Norman L. Rosenthal and Alex Gartenfeld.
LaToya Ruby Frazier's hard-hitting photographic documentation of the social realities of her community was a welcome slap back into sobriety. "I use photography as a tool for social commentary and political critique," she told me in front of an image of a hospital in Braddock, Pennsylvania, that had been torn down by an interceding health care corporation. In exposing the hardships of one of the most environmentally hazardous cities in the United States––in addition to being her hometown, Braddock is home to one of the last working steel mills of Andrew Carnegie––her work recalls the expository tradition of Walker Evans. "I feel this is a task I will work my entire lifetime without completing, but at least it will be documented and archived to aid posterity."
After a "walking dinner" next to a fiberglass Apatosaurus by Rob Pruitt, those who weren't feeling prehistoric made their way over to the cozier loft next door. The lights were lowered, a fire was lit, and a DJ spun disco classics and revivals like Evelyn Champagne King's "Shame" and Midnight Magic's "Beam Me Up." While the mood was right, the dancing was lacking, so some of us decided to check out what was going on back in town. The Perrotin afterparty for McGinley, hosted at Costes-owned café Étienne Marcel, was packed with ardent, lusty youths that looked as though they may have ran streaking out of one his signature photographs before a pit stop at A.P.C. on Rue Vieille du Temple. Among the photogenic faces was the former prince of teen desire, late-'90s heartthrob Josh Hartnett.
"Young crowd," I mused.
"That's Perrotin's specialty," artist Daniel Firman confirmed.
After a glance at my phone (it was only midnight), I decided it was time to retire, but I have a feeling that the more sprightly were in it for the long haul. Thumbs up to McGinley and Perrotin for making your humble reporter feel old at twenty-three.
Left: Artists Antoine Catala and Danny McDonald. Right: Artist Daniel Firman and his assistant Vincent Lorgé.
Left: Dealer Daniele Balice and artist Isabelle Cornaro. Right: Dealer Emmanuel Perrotin.
Left: Collector and photography dealer Agathe Gaillard. Right: Artists Pierre Commoy, Tom Burr, and Gilles Blanchard.
Left: Dealers Monika Koencke, Susanne Zander, Nicole Delmes. Right: Former senior curator of George Eastman House Alison Nordström and artist Mark Lyon.
Left: Dealer Rhona Hoffman. Right: Artists Matthew Porter and Hannah Whitaker.
Left: Dealer Thaddaeus Ropac, Béatrice de Rothschild, and art historian Pierre Rosenberg. Right: Dealer Yancey Richardson.
Left: Lille Métropole Musée d'art moderne d'art contemporain et d'art brut (LaM) curator Marc Donnadieu. Right: Artist Orlan and art historian Raphaël Cuir.
Left: Art adviser and collector Marty de Montereau. Right: Antique dealer Dorothée d'Orgeval and Jean d'Orgeval.
Left: Art adviser and curator Caitlin Elizabeth Boucher and photography dealer Robert Mann. Right: Art adviser and curator Gregory Lang and artist Gilles Delmas.
Left: Dealers Peter Lav and Jens Erdman Rasmussen. Right: Dealer Nathalie Obadia and artist Valérie Belin.
Left: Curators Florence Parot and Timothée Chaillou. Right: David Zwirner Gallery's Véronique Ansorge.
Left: Dealer Niklas Svennung and Kunsthalle Basel chairman Martin Hatebur. Right: Dealer James Danzinger and artist Susan Meiselas.
Left: White Project's Jeremy Planchon and artist Sofia Borges. Right: M+B's Benjamin Trigano and Alexandra Wetzel.
Left: Art dealer Éric Hussenot. Right: Michel Rein Gallery's Vincent Le Bourdon and art adviser and curator Gregory Lang.
Left: Dealer Christophe Gaillard. Right: Designer Victoria Wilmotte, curator Florence Parot, and artist Clémence Seilles.