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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and opioid receptors have been suggested to play a role in attributing incentive motivational properties to drug-related cues. We examined whether blockade of ACC opioid receptors would reduce cue-induced ethanol-seeking behavior in mice. We show that intra-ACC opioid receptor blockade disrupted expression of an ethanol-induced conditioned place preference, suggesting that endogenous opioid modulation in the ACC may be critical for maintaining the cue's conditioned rewarding effects.
Drug-associated cues can exert strong motivational influences, increasing drug-seeking behaviors that potentially lead to relapse (Everitt & Robbins, 2005; See, 2002). Human brain imaging studies have identified several neural areas activated by drug-related cues, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which has been hypothesized to reflect incentive motivational effects of drug-related cues (e.g., Childress et al., 1999; Grüsser et al., 2004; Myrick et al., 2004) and to regulate conditioned cue relapse (See, 2002). The ACC is also a key site of opioid action in human as well as rodent prefrontal cortex (e.g., Jones et al., 1991; Vogt et al., 1995; Vogt et al., 2001). Interestingly, opioid receptor binding in the ACC is highly correlated with craving during early abstinence in alcohol- (Williams et al., 2009) and cocaine- (Gorelick et al., 2005) dependent subjects. Also, antagonism of opioid receptors reduces cue-induced craving and reactivity in alcoholics (O'Malley et al., 2002; Monti et al., 1999). Thus, it is possible that the ACC's role in cue-induced drug seeking is mediated, at least in part, by opioid signaling within the ACC.
General support for this hypothesis comes from rodent models that show changes in ACC Fos expression following behaviors induced by cues previously paired with cocaine (Crawford et al., 1995; Neisewander et al., 2000), morphine (Harris & Aston Jones, 2003) and ethanol (Dayas et al., 2007). Further, animal studies have shown that opioid receptor blockade modulates cue-induced ethanol-seeking behavior (Ciccocioppo et al., 2002; Cunningham et al., 1995, 1998; Dayas et al., 2007; Katner et al., 1999; Kuzmin et al., 2003; Marinelli et al., 2009; Middaugh & Bandy, 2000). For example, a non-selective opioid antagonist (naloxone) was previously shown to facilitate extinction, but not acquisition or initial expression, of cue-induced ethanol-seeking behavior in mice (Cunningham et al., 1995; 1998) using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, a well-established model of cue-induced seeking behavior (Cunningham et al., 2006; Tzschentke, 2007). The authors hypothesized that opioid receptor blockade altered the conditioned motivation that normally maintained cue-induced seeking behavior during testing (Cunningham et al., 1998). Later studies showed that naloxone's effect was attributable, in part, to actions at opioid receptors located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), but not in nucleus accumbens (Bechtholt & Cunningham, 2005). Additional studies identified a crucial role for dopamine receptors in the amygdala (Gremel & Cunningham, 2009), suggesting that ethanol CPP might depend on opioid receptor modulation of VTA dopamine neurons leading to downstream release and activation of BLA. In addition, the BLA is activated by cortical glutamatergic afferents, including those from the ACC (e.g., Gabbott et al., 2005), raising the possibility that amygdala activation during cue-induced ethanol-seeking behavior is also influenced by the ACC.
Taken together with previous work suggesting a role for the ACC in conditioned behavior (e.g., Cardinal et al., 2002) and the high density of opioid receptors in the ACC (Vogt et al., 1995, 2001), we hypothesized that expression of cue-induced ethanol-seeking behavior depends on opioid signaling within the ACC. To examine this, we infused the opioid receptor antagonist methylnaloxonium into the ACC immediately before testing expression of an ethanol-induced CPP.
DBA/2J adult male mice (N = 127) were obtained from Jackson Laboratory at 6 weeks of age. Surgeries were performed at 7-9 weeks of age. Initially mice were housed 4 per cage; after surgery mice were housed 2 per cage. Mice were maintained at 20-24°C on a 12 h light dark cycle (lights on at 7:00 am) with food and water available ad libitum. All procedures were conducted in accordance with The National Institute of Health (NIH) "Principles of Laboratory Animal Care" and the Oregon Health & Science University IACUC approved the protocol.
Mice were anesthetized with an IP injection (4 ml/kg) of an anesthetic cocktail containing ketamine (30.0 mg/ml) and xylazine (3.0 mg/ml). The NSAID analgesic Meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg SC) was used to manage post-operative pain. A single guide cannula (10 mm, 25 gauge) was implanted midline anchored to the skull with stainless steel screws, 1 mm above the ACC (from Bregma: anterior = 0.74; lateral = 0.00; ventral = −1.0) (Paxinos & Franklin, 2001). Given the midline location of the ACC and its small size (which made bilateral cannulation difficult), we decided to give one larger midline infusion rather than two smaller bilateral infusions. Mice were given 4-9 days of recovery (counterbalanced within infusion groups) before beginning the experimental procedure.
Ethanol (20% v/v, saline vehicle) was prepared from a 95% stock solution and administered IP at a dose of 2 g/kg (injection volume, 12.5 ml/kg). These parameters were chosen on the basis of many studies reporting robust CPP to tactile stimuli in DBA/2J mice at this dose and concentration (e.g., Groblewski et al., 2008). Methylnaloxonium (Naloxone methiodide; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was dissolved in artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) containing glucose. Methylnaloxonium, a quaternary derivative of naloxone, was used because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier and it has been shown to diffuse away from the injection site more slowly than naloxone (Schroeder, Weinger, Vakassian, & Koob, 1991). Doses of 0.750 and 0.375 μg/0.2 μl were chosen based on previous work showing reduced expression of an ethanol-induced CPP when these doses were infused into mouse VTA (Bechtholt & Cunningham, 2005).
The apparatus and procedure have previously been described in greater detail (Cunningham et al., 2006). In brief, 12 identical place conditioning chambers (30 × 15 × 15 cm) were enclosed in sound and light attenuated chambers. Infrared light sources and photodetectors (mounted 2.2 cm above the floor at 5-cm intervals) were used to measure general activity (beam crosses) and the time spent on each side of the box. Two distinct interchangeable floor halves were used as tactile conditioned stimuli (CSs). The grid floor consisted of stainless steel rods (2.3 mm diameter) mounted 6.4 mm apart in acrylic rails. The hole floor was made from perforated 16-gauge stainless steel with 6.4-mm round holes on 9.5-mm staggered centers. These two textures have repeatedly been shown to produce approximately equal preference for each tactile floor cue, allowing for unbiased detection of CPP (Cunningham et al., 2003).
An unbiased conditioned place preference procedure was used (e.g., Cunningham et al., 2003), which consisted of 3 phases: habituation (one session), conditioning (eight sessions) and testing (one session). During habituation, mice received an IP saline injection before placement on a smooth paper floor for 5 min to reduce the novelty associated with handling and injections. Mice underwent four conditioning trials (CS+ and CS− trial types) alternating trial type across days, where they were given either saline or ethanol (2g/kg) injections immediately before being placed in the apparatus for 5 min. Mice in the Grid+ conditioning subgroup received ethanol paired with the grid floor (CS+) and saline paired with the hole floor (CS−). Conversely, mice in the Grid− conditioning subgroup received ethanol paired with the hole floor (CS+) and saline paired with the grid floor (CS−). The order of CS exposure was counterbalanced within groups. After conditioning, all mice received a place preference test involving 15-min exposure to a half hole/half grid floor. The order of CS exposure during conditioning and position (left vs. right) of grid floor during testing was counterbalanced within groups.
An 11 mm stylet was lowered to the injection site 24 – 36 h before the first intracranial infusion to minimize interference from potential behavioral effects of initial injector lowering. Immediately before testing, all mice were given a midline infusion via a microinfusion pump (Model A-74900-10; Cole Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL) of aCSF or methylnaloxonium (0.375 or 0.750 μg/0.2 μl) at a rate of 0.1 μl/min. Injectors were kept in place for an additional 30 sec to allow for diffusion of the drug away from the injection site. Then, to mimic the conditioning day procedure, animals were weighed, injected with saline and placed in the apparatus for the choice test session. Within 24 h of the final CPP test, all mice were euthanized with pentobarbital (150 mg/kg). Brains were postfixed in 2% w/v paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and then sucrose cryoprotected. Cannula and injector placement were determined by examining thionin stained 40 μm sections.
Time spent on the grid floor (mean sec/min) during the place preference test served as the primary dependent variable. In this unbiased design, the difference in time spent on the grid floor by the Grid+ and Grid− conditioning subgroups provides an index of CPP (Cunningham et al., 2003, 2006). Preliminary analyses of test data in consecutive 5-min blocks indicated drug treatment effects in all three blocks. Thus, the primary data analyses focused on performance averaged over all 15 min. An overall two-way (Dose × Conditioning Subgroup) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by planned comparisons between the Grid+ and Grid− conditioning subgroups to determine whether place conditioning was significant within each dose group (Bonferroni corrected p values). Additional two-way ANOVAs were used to directly compare each methylnaloxonium dose group to the aCSF control group. Activity during the place preference test (counts/min) was assessed using one-way ANOVA (Dose). Conditioning trial activity data were analyzed by two-way (Dose × CS trial type) repeated-measures ANOVA (collapsed across trials).
Data from one mouse were removed due to a procedural error. Data from five additional mice were discarded due to problems with histological determination of cannula placement. An example photomicrograph of the ACC injection site is shown in Figure 1. The majority of our placements were midline, but those that were slightly off-midline were equally distributed between the left and right hemispheres. Behavioral data were included in our analyses only for mice that showed a clearly identified injector tract in the ACC (n = 65; see Figure 2 caption for group n's). Ten mice were excluded for incorrect cannula placements (injector tract in secondary motor cortex, n = 5; corpus callosum, n = 5). Further, midline infusions into the ACC through a chronic indwelling cannula in mice presented difficulties in assessing cannula placement. Since the injector only extended 1 mm beyond the cannula tip, and the cannula was positioned midline above the saggital vein, identifying the location of the injection itself was difficult due to the cannula- or histology-induced damage in the surrounding tissue. Additionally, a longer delay in extracting the brain may have resulted in an increased infection rate. Keeping inclusion criteria consistent with our previous work, we conservatively excluded 46 additional mice (Bechtholt & Cunningham, 2005; Gremel & Cunningham, 2009; Gremel & Cunningham, 2010). Less conservative data analyses that included these 46 mice yielded conclusions identical to those based on the primary data analyses (see next section).
Methylnaloxonium-infused mice spent 58.4 ± 4.2% (0.750 μg) and 68 ± 5.3% (0.375 μg) time on the previously drug-paired floor compared to 74.4 ±5 .3% for aCSF-infused mice. Control (aCSF) mice showed a strong place preference, as indicated by a large difference in time spent on the grid floor between mice in the Grid+ and Grid− conditioning subgroups (see Figure 2). However, blockade of ACC opioid receptors dose-dependently interfered with CPP expression. Two-way (Dose × Conditioning Subgroup) ANOVA yielded a significant main effect of Conditioning Subgroup [F(1, 59) = 35.7, p < 0.001] and a trend towards a significant interaction [F(2, 59) = 3.0, p = 0.06]. Planned comparisons between the Grid+ and Grid− subgroups showed significant CPP in mice infused with aCSF or the low methylnaloxonium dose (Bonferroni corrected p's < 0.007). However, mice infused with the high (0.750 μg) methylnaloxonium dose did not show a significant CPP. Additional comparisons between pairs of dose groups (i.e., Dose × Conditioning Subgroup ANOVAs) revealed a significant difference in CPP magnitude only between aCSF and the high methylnaloxonium dose group [F(1,39) = 6.8, p < 0.02], confirming that this dose disrupted expression of ethanol-induced CPP. Analysis of data from an additional 15 min of testing during the same test session showed a similar pattern of group differences (data not shown), although CPP was generally weaker during the second half of the session, presumably due to extinction (aCSF: 69.6 ± 5.4%; 0.375 μg: 58.4 ± 6.1%; 0.750 μg: 58.2 ± 4.6%).
As noted earlier, an overall two-way (Dose × Conditioning Subgroup) ANOVA that included both the 65 mice with cannula located in ACC as well as the 46 mice eliminated by our conservative histological criteria yielded conclusions similar to those from our primary analyses [significant main effect of Conditioning Subgroup: F(1,105) = 69.8, p < 0.0001; significant interaction: F(2,105) = 5.3, p < 0.007]. Averaged over all 111 mice, mean (± SEM) percent times spent on the ethanol-paired floor were 75.3±3.5, 64.4±3.8 and 59.6±2.9 for the aCSF, 0.375 μg and 0.750 μg groups, respectively.
To assess anatomical specificity, we also analyzed CPP in the 10 mice that were excluded for incorrect cannula placement. Although low numbers of mice in each conditioning subgroup precluded a complete factorial analysis of these data, we were able to compare percent time spent on the ethanol paired floor between aCSF treated mice (66.9±11.9%, n = 6) and mice in the high dose group (71.9±2.3%, n = 3). One-way ANOVA indicated no significant difference between these two groups. These data suggest that methylnaloxonium had no effect on CPP when it was infused either above or below the ACC.
All groups showed a similar level of activity (mean counts/min ± SEM) during the 15-min test session (aCSF = 51.7 ± 3.8; 0.375 μg = 53.0 ± 3.5; 0.750 μg = 61.6 ± 4.8; F = 1.7, p = 0.18). Additionally, all groups showed similar levels of activity during conditioning. Activity levels collapsed across trials showed similar stimulation to ethanol [main effect of drug: F(1, 61) = 809.9, p < 0.001] (aCSF = 184.0 ± 4.2; 0.375 μg = 186.6 ± 4.4; 0.750 μg = 177.2 ± 5.0), as well as similar activity on saline trials (aCSF = 71.4 ± 2.0; 0.375 μg = 71.8 ± 2.0; 0.750 μg = 66.9 ± 2.1). These results indicate that the effect of intra-ACC methylnaloxonium on CPP expression cannot be attributed to activity differences during conditioning or testing (Gremel & Cunningham, 2007).
To the best of our knowledge, we present the first data demonstrating a functional role for ACC opioid receptors in the modulation of cue-induced drug-seeking behavior. Specifically, we identify the first cortical site modulating ethanol-induced CPP by showing that blockade of ACC opioid receptors disrupts expression of ethanol CPP in mice. Thus, these data suggest that endogenous opioid activation of the ACC is involved either in memory retrieval or in the expression of cue-induced incentive motivational effects that influence drug-seeking behavior (Cunningham et al., 2011).
Although the role of the ACC in appetitive-conditioned behaviors has been extensively studied (Cardinal et al., 2002), previous studies of ACC opioid receptors have focused primarily on their role in pain processing (e.g., Petrovic et al., 2002). However, a recent study showed a graded effect of naloxone on hedonic processing of rewards in humans, as indexed by a reduction in pleasure ratings for larger rewards and a corresponding attenuation of associated brain activity in the rostral ACC (Petrovic et al., 2008). This study also showed that negative outcomes (i.e., loss of reward) were rated as more unpleasant under naloxone, an effect that was associated with increased activity in caudal ACC. Overall, these data suggest a potential role of ACC opioid receptors in the processing of both rewarding and aversive hedonic events, a possibility that receives further support from our finding that site-specific blockade of ACC opioid receptors interferes with responding to a conditioned stimulus previously paired with ethanol. In contrast to our previous studies with systemic naloxone (Cunningham et al., 1995, 1998), intra-ACC opioid receptor blockade disrupted the initial expression of CPP. Moreover, in contrast to systemic naloxone, intra-ACC methylnaloxonium did not gradually induce avoidance of the cue previously paired with ethanol. However, the latter effect of naloxone required repeated systemic exposure to the antagonist over several long-duration (60-min) tests, a procedure that would be difficult to duplicate using site-specific infusions whose efficacy presumably diminishes as the drug diffuses away from the injection site.
Our findings are generally consistent with previous studies suggesting a potential role for the ACC in place conditioning based on a positive correlation between Fos expression in ACC and drug-induced CPP (e.g., Crawford et al., 1995; Harris & Aston-Jones, 2003). Moreover, these data are consistent with a previous study showing that reversible inactivation of the ACC (using tetrodotoxin) reduces conditioned-cue reinstatement of an extinguished cocaine-seeking response (McLaughlin & See, 2003). However, our study is at odds with one study that showed mixed effects of quinolinic acid induced ACC lesions on CPP in rats. That study showed no effect of ACC lesions on morphine or cocaine-induced CPP, but lesions did interfere with CPP induced by a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist (CGP37849) (Tzschentke & Schmidt, 1999). There are several possible reasons for this apparent discrepancy (e.g., conditioning drug, species), including the possibility of post-lesion compensations in other brain areas or neurotransmitter systems.
In contrast, results from other lesion studies have implicated the ACC in conditioned behaviors, and suggest a role in discriminating between reward-predictive and neutral cues (Bussey et al., 1997; Cardinal et al., 2003; Parkinson et al., 2000). This hypothesis can explain the present results because blockade of ACC opioid receptors might have impaired ability to differentially associate ethanol with CS+ but not with CS−. However, in a recent study of cue-induced alcohol seeking in a self-administration procedure, an opioid antagonist-induced decrease in responding was not easily attributed to an inability to discriminate between cues. Instead, systemic opioid receptor blockade selectively altered responding only after exposure to a reward-predictive cue (S+) and not after exposure to a neutral cue (S−) (Dayas et al., 2007). In self-administration procedures in general, cue-induced alcohol seeking behavior is selectively attenuated with administration of opioid antagonists (e.g., Ciccociopo et al., 2002; Dayas et al., 2007; Katner et al., 1999; Marinelli et al., 2009). When considered together with findings from self-administration studies, the present results generally support the idea that ACC opioid receptors mediate predictive information about learned cue-drug associations.
Although a non-specific antagonist was used in the present study, it is tempting to speculate about the specific opioid receptor subtype responsible for the disruption of ethanol CPP. Within the ACC, delta receptors seem to be localized to cortical neurons, while mu receptors are localized to both cortical neurons and thalamic afferent axons (Vogt 1995; Vogt et al., 2001). Studies of reinstatement behavior after extinction of ethanol self-administration have suggested that the delta opioid receptor subtype mediates reinstatement induced by both context (i.e., static apparatus cues) and discrete cues (i.e., a phasic light-noise stimulus), while the mu opioid receptor subtype may have a more limited role only in context-induced reinstatement (Marinelli et al., 2009). Assuming that the mechanisms underlying stimulus control of CPP are more like those mediating context-induced reinstatement, these data suggest that activation of either of these opioid receptor subtypes within the ACC or on thalamic input might be involved in the expression of ethanol-induced CPP. Future studies examining specific receptor subtypes in and on pathways to the ACC could provide important information related to their potential roles in the memory and motivational processes that underlie performance of ethanol-induced CPP.
In summary, we found that blockade of opioid receptors in the ACC reduced cue-induced ethanol-seeking behavior in mice. The identification of a cortical site of opioid action adds to previous findings suggesting VTA opioid receptor involvement in cue-control over ethanol-seeking behaviors (Bectholt & Cunningham, 2005). Further, the ACC is anatomically connected to the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (e.g., Gabbot et al., 2005) in which we have previously identified specific receptor mechanisms governing the expression of ethanol CPP (Gremel & Cunningham, 2009). Overall, these data suggest a corticostriatal circuit regulates the expression of cue-induced ethanol-seeking behavior. Importantly, our findings shed new light on potential neural mechanisms underlying the conditioned motivational processes that contribute to addiction and relapse.
This research was supported by NIH-NIAAA grants AA016041, AA007468, and AA007702. Experiments within this manuscript comply with the current laws of the United States of America.
Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errorsmaybe discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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FY13 Implementation Reminder for Independent Institutions
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Additional disclosures under FASB Accounting Standards Update 2011-04, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS," are required for most independent institutions for FY13.
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The third disclosure (above) is not required for independent institutions that are considered non-public. FASB defines non-public entities as those that do not issue publicly-traded debt or are not conduit debt obligors.
Questions have been raised about whether an institution is using the practical expedient to value its alternative investments if audited net asset values (NAV) provided by fund managers are "rolled forward" with unaudited activity data. Regardless of whether or not the value is rolled forward, if the investment value meets the criteria under ASU 2009-12, the instrument is still considered to be valued using the practical expedient.
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Regardless of whether or not the practical expedient is used for valuation, public entities (higher education institutions that are debt issuers or conduit debt obligors) must disclose:
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To the Editor:
—In The Journal of March 3, Dr. H. A. Kelly reports, as entirely new, the diagnosis of a ureteral calculus by means of a wax-tip bougie, and he closes with the words: "I am not aware that ureteral calculus has ever been assisted to escape in this way before." I am ready to admit that the removal of a stone from the ureter is not an old practice, that the literature on the subject is of more recent date, and does not cover a great many cases, but the practice is not unique and the ease is not a singular one, and I am very much surprised to see the statement propounded by a gentleman as well read as H. A. Kelly. Kolischer presented the first case of this kind to the Vienna Medical Society, about two years ago. The stone was found impacted in the left
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Health & Parenting
Thinking About Child Safety - References
American Academy of Pediatrics (2009). Keeping your child safe. In SP Shevlov et al., eds., Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5, 5th ed., pp. 457-506. New York: Bantam.
In this article
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise
Last Updated: September 09, 2014
This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.
© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
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Seattle JeJa
RUNNER UP! of Seattle Disciple Church Youth Group Introduction video contest
Produced by xprecion media team of Seattle Disciple Church.
The contest criteria was to create a video to introduce SDC youth group to the rest of the world and openly invite anyone who desires to join the movement we are making.


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Fight over Count My Vote may not be over yet
SALT LAKE CITY — A legal team is being assembled to help defend the new alternative to the caucus and convention system political parties use to nominate candidates, the chairman of the Count My Vote initiative effort said Monday.
"We're not looking for a fight or anything else. We're just saying we want to be prepared," Rich McKeown said. "Our effort is to promote, protect and preserve the the solution we were able to arrive at."
The action comes after Republicans approved a resolution at their state convention last month declaring the party has a constitutional right to select its own nominees and encouraging party leaders to defend those rights.
"There's only been noise of legal challenges," McKeown said, although he noted "it appears based on the language in the solution at the Republican convention, there could potentially be some litigation."
State GOP Chairman James Evans declined to say whether the party is looking at going to court to stop the deal reached between Count My Vote and state lawmakers during the 2014 Legislature.
After lawmakers approved SB54, allowing candidates the option of gathering signatures to secure a spot on the primary ballot, Count My Vote agreed to halt an initiative petition drive to replace the caucus and convention system.
"We have several options, and we're not going to publicly talk about them," Evans said. "We are going to be very judicious in whatever decision we make. We can't allow a public perception to form that's not based in reality."
He called a lawsuit one of the "multiple strategies" being considered in response to the resolution, including seeking to amend the Utah Constitution to spell out the party's rights.
"It says we should defend the party and they'll support the effort of leadership," the party chairman said of the resolution's language. "I read that we can go back to the Legislature."
Evans also declined to tell delegates at the final state party convention under the caucus and convention system what the party was planning, asking them if they really wanted the options for dealing with new law discussed in public.
The GOP, he said, has always maintained it has the constitutional authority to select the party's nominees. The possibility there could be future challenges to that authority is "untenable," Evans said.
"We're looking longer term. We don't know what laws will come out in the future. That's been our point all along," he said. "We don't know how far they're willing to go with this."
The sponsor of SB54, Sen. Curt Bramble, R-Provo, defended the new law, set to take effect for the 2016 elections.
"The ballot is the people's ballot, not the party's ballot," Bramble said. "Parties have the right to nominate the candidates of their choice, but they don't have an inherent right to put their candidate directly on the ballot."
Bramble said lawmakers will take up issues related to the alternative ballot route in the 2015 Legislature, including how to handle primary elections with multiple candidates where the winner fails to get a majority of the votes cast.
That could mean requiring a run-off election or letting the party choose the nominee, Bramble said. And some states allow candidates to advance to the general election with less than a majority of the primary vote.
McKeown said Count My Vote would like to see action taken in the upcoming legislative session to allow candidates to gather voter signatures online as well as in person.
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text: Baidu Posts Its Biggest Decline Ever Since Going Public by Reuters @FortuneMagazine July 28, 2016, 4:20 PM EDT E-mail Tweet Facebook Linkedin Share icons Baidu, China's biggest Internet search firm, reported a 34% fall in quarterly net income—its biggest ever decline since going public—hurt by a healthcare scandal that embroiled the company this year. The company's net income fell to 2.41 billion yuan ($362 million) in the April-June quarter from 3.66 billion yuan a year earlier, Baidu said in a statement on Thursday. Baidu was expected to post net income of 2.42 billion yuan, according to a Thomson Reuters survey of eight analysts. Subscribe to Data Sheet, Fortune's daily newsletter about the business of technology. Baidu's revenue rose 10.2% to 18.26 billion yuan from 16.58 billion yuan a year earlier, marking its slowest growth in nearly eight years. For more about how self-driving cars are transforming the auto industry, watch: Analysts had expected revenue to rise 9.6%.


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Dont be taken in by the photos, our three rooms overlooked train tracks. The rooms themselves were modern and clean. Tube stations could have been closer but would stay again. The breakfast was over subscribed so got sent somewhere else.
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Rick Wayman
High Net Worth Strategy
Top 8 Ways Companies Cook the BooksFind out more about the fraudulent accounting methods some companies use to fool investors.
Trading Strategy
The Short and Distort: Stock Manipulation in a Bear MarketHigh-quality stock reports needn't be confused with stock manipulators' dramatic claims.
Financial Analysis
Operating Cash Flow: Better Than Net Income?Differences between accrual accounting and cash flows show why net income is easier to manipulate.
Retirement Planning
Footnotes: Early Warning Signs For InvestorsThese documents hold very important information, but reading them takes skill.
Financial Analysis
Accounting Rules Could Roil The MarketsFAS 142 is an accounting rule that changes the way companies treat goodwill. Be aware of the impact it has on reported earnings to avoid making bad investment decisions.
Financial Analysis
Target Prices: The Key To Sound InvestingLearn how to evaluate the legitimacy of target prices and why investors should trust these over ratings.
Politics & Money
Reg AC: What Does It Mean To Investors?In 2003, the SEC issued a new regulation meant to hold analysts more accountable for their reports. Find out what it means.
Stock Analysis
The Changing Role Of Equity ResearchResearch creates a division of labor that makes the market more efficient. Learn how its role has changed.
Investing Strategy
The 5 Types Of Earnings Per ShareA look at the five varieties of EPS and what each represents can help an investor determine whether a company is a good value, or not.
Investing Strategy
What Is The Impact Of Research On Stock Prices?The answer to this question is directly related to the importance of information in the marketplace.
Markets & Economy
Earnings Guidance: Can It Accurately Predict The Future?Explore the controversies surrounding companies commenting on their forward-looking expectations.
Stock Analysis
Understanding Small- And Big-Cap StocksIf you don't realize how big small-cap stocks can be, you'll miss some good investment opportunities.
Stock Analysis
Finding Undiscovered StocksWall Street tends to focus on large cap stocks, leaving other stocks under-followed and undervalued.
Financial Analysis
Impairment Charges: The Good, The Bad And The UglyImpairment charge is a term for writing off worthless goodwill, but you need to know what its potential impact is on EPS.
Investing Strategy
Why There Are Few Sell Ratings On Wall StreetWe outline reasons that may show why enforcing more sell ratings isn't guaranteed to increase Wall Street's objectivity.


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Top Definition
The cutest most sweetest lovable boy in the whole world. He doesn't ever give himself enough credit, he doesn't realize what an amazing kind hearted adorable and just genuinely wonderful person he really is. He has the cutest smile you'll ever see, a cute little accent type deal, and a ridiculously hot body. He's amazing in bed, he'll literally make you scream. The second he leaves you' you instantly miss him. In his arms is the absolute best place to be. He's funny and caring and you cant help but smile when you think of him.
All girls - " damn i wish i got to have a chance with Kixon, hes so hot and amazing, to bad hes taken."
by miss zilar June 26, 2012
Trending Now


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Dr. Klein's lecture about art, faith and politics in late medieval Venice.
Negotiating the Sacred: Byzantium, Venice and the True Cross in Late Medieval Venice
The Varangian Legend: Testimony from the Old Norse sources
Medieval Warfare Magazine – Volume 6 Issue 3
Diorasis denied: Opposition to clairvoyance in Byzantium from late Antiquity to the eleventh century
The Historicity of Imperial Bride-Shows
Challenge to the Throne: the Byzantine Princess Anna Komnene and Conspiracies, 1118-1119
Uterine cancer in the writings of Byzantine physicians
Byzantine physicians recognized uterine cancer as a distinct disease and tried to suggest a therapeutic approach. The work of Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, Paul of Aegina, Cleopatra Metrodora and Theophanes Nonnus reflects the Hippocratic-Galenic scientific ideas as well as their own concept on this malignancy. According to their writings uterine cancer was considered an incurable disease and its treatment was based mainly on palliative herbal drugs.
A Tale of too Many Romes: Competing Byzantine and Medieval Claims to Roman Legacy
Lazarus Rising: Nikephoros Phokas and the Tenth Century Byzantine Military Renaissance
The First Book Reviewer
The first case of pagophagia: the Byzantine Emperor Theophilus
Anna Komnene and her Sources for Military Affairs in the Alexiad
How Hagia Sophia was Built
The Justinianic Reconquest of Italy: Imperial Campaigns and Local Responses
The Politics of the Gate: Byzantine City Walls and the Urban Negotiation of Imperial Authority
Fear – Elements of Slavic 'Psychological Warfare' in the context of selected Late Roman Sources
Management of penile tumours during the Byzantine period
Barbarian envoys at Byzantium in the 6th century
We intend to focus on the possibility of deciphering a barbaric point of view regarding the relations with the Byzantine Empire, at the beginning of the Middle Ages, when the narrative sources that are available to us have a Byzantine origin, or, when referring to barbarian kingdoms in the West, they are profoundly influenced by Roman and Roman-Byzantine traditions.


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portrait of a woman
Creative #: 115622605
License type: Royalty-freeRoyalty-free pricing is based solely on the size of the product you need, not the specific use. You don't have to pay any additional royalties on a use-by-use basis. Once you license a royalty-free product, you may use it multiple times for multiple projects without paying additional fees. (Pornographic, defamatory, libelous or otherwise unlawful use of any image is, of course, prohibited.)
Collection: Cultura
Release info: Model and property released
- 30-34 Years,
- 30-39 Years,
- Adult,
- Adults Only,
- Back Lit,
- Barcelona - Spain,
- Brown Hair,
- Caucasian Ethnicity,
- Chair,
- Color Image,
- Concentration,
- Contemplation,
- Copy Space,
- Curtain,
- Day,
- Day Dreaming,
- Emotion,
- Indoors,
- Looking Down,
- Mid Adult,
- Mid Adult Women,
- One Mid Adult Woman Only,
- One Person,
- One Woman Only,
- Only Women,
- People,
- Photography,
- Serious,
- Sitting,
- Vertical,
- Waist Up,
- Window,
- Women,
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Portrait Of A Woman Stock Photo30-34 Years,30-39 Years,Adult,Adults Only,Back Lit,Barcelona - Spain,Brown Hair,Caucasian Ethnicity,Chair,Color Image,Concentration,Contemplation,Copy Space,Curtain,Day,Day Dreaming,Emotion,Indoors,Looking Down,Mid Adult,Mid Adult Women,One Mid Adult Woman Only,One Person,One Woman Only,Only Women,People,Photography,Serious,Sitting,Vertical,Waist Up,Window,WomenPhotographer Kris Ubach and Quim RoserCollection: Cultura


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What is a Prenup and Why Do You Need it?
Sorry, dude. Things can change. And that's why every guy should at least consider a prenup before he gets married.
Sorry, dude. Things can change. And that's why every guy should at least consider a prenup before he gets married.
How much should you tip waiters, bartenders, "full-service" masseuses, and others? This cheat sheet has all the answers.
Betting on horse racing is a lot more complicated than betting on hands of War, but out guide will prevent you from looking like a horse's ass.
Believe it or not, we found a way to make a budget plan that's not only easy, but that actually works. And trust us — you need a budget.
If the woman in your life is looking to save cash you might want to advise her to shop in the men's grooming department, according to a new study.
We know tipping is a pain in the ass, but until it goes away, don't pull a dick move like these people and leave a snarky note or insanely low percentage as gratuity.
The cost of binge drinking and hangovers is a day or two of head-pounding and nausea and feeling like certain death is imminent. But it's costing your employer, too.
Unless you want to overpay for a new or used car, you'll need to know how to properly negotiate the price. These tips will help keep you from getting rooked.
There's no surefire way to get a job quickly. However, science tells us that there are steps you can take that will up your odds of finding employment.
We've handpicked some of the best items Amazon.com has on sale right now. Better hurry though. They're changing things up June 30.


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Agents Rumors
General manager "R.C [Buford] and coach [Gregg] Popovich put a lot of time and energy to give David a visual of how much they wanted him and would use him," Bartelstein told The Vertical. "A lot of people talk about taking less money, and not many people do it, so the Spurs get a lot of credit for selling David on joining their organization."
Adrian Wojnarowski: Free agent David Lee has signed a two-year deal with Spurs — including player option, agent Mark Bartelstein tells @The Vertical.
Blazers general manager Neil Olshey and McCollum's agent, Sam Goldfeder of Excel Sports, negotiated the deal over the past two weeks, league sources said.
Pedja Materic, VicePresident of BeoBasket Agency: congrats Livio !!!!!!!!!!! pic.twitter.com/W35EdFiHqe
Pedja Materic, VicePresident of BeoBasket Agency: Livio Jean-Charles @Jclifio is a new player of San Antonio @spurs ! #dreamcametrue #BeoBasket


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Kill the Music, Vol. 2by The Blue Method
This Philadelphia quartet brings the soul, funk, and jazz in equal measures on its sophomore release. Influenced by the tough vibe of Sly Stone, Rick James, Prince, James Brown, and '70s R&B, the band isn't creating anything particularly innovative, yet what it does, it does extremely well. Singer Brian Williams guides the group through singalong choruses with powerful pipes, sometimes shifting into falsetto mode. But reed player Tom Long seems to be the band's de facto leader, and producer Scott Stallone, who also contributes keyboards, pushes all the right buttons. Despite the band's moniker, there aren't any blues here. Instead, there is plenty of riff-happy, party-styled funk-jazz. The playing is taut and tightly wound with ample detours and overdubs to keep it interesting. The innovative arrangements occasionally bring songs to a dead stop, only to crash back into the track's main lick, as they do in "Shine." Parts of "Think a Minute" recall Steely Dan, but as a whole, the sound is more soul than jazz. Most of the material runs over four minutes, yet nothing is extended unnecessarily and some of the shorter tunes even seem like they end too soon. The instrumental "Rosa Lane" brings a Crusaders vibe and the flute and wah-wah guitar on the intro to "In the Running" sound like an Isaac Hayes outtake from Shaft. The breakneck pace of "Let Me See You" ignites a wild groove that twists and turns in so many directions, it could be considered prog funk. The recording's full sound is attributable in part to its deep, thumping bass that makes songs jump out of the speakers, turning any room into a dancefloor. This is a real find, especially for those into the heavy funk-soul-jazz acts of the '70s.
Product Details
- Release Date:
- 07/10/2007
- Label:
- Blue Method
- 0837101337090
- catalogNumber:
- 2
- Rank:
- 284558
Album Credits
Performance CreditsBlue Method Primary Artist
Scott "Supe" Stallone Hammond Organ,fender rhodes
Brian Williams Trombone,Trumpet,Vocals,Group Member
Tom Long Synthesizer,Acoustic Guitar,Bass,Clarinet,Flute,Percussion,Electric Guitar,Alto Saxophone,Baritone Saxophone,Tenor Saxophone,Background Vocals,Group Member
Technical CreditsScott "Supe" Stallone Producer,Engineer
Jacquelyn Micaletti Artwork
Blue Method Composer
Tom Long Liner Notes,Cover Photo
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Top Definition
N. Cheeze Dik'en'sun- A phrase used to describe someone you don't like, usually an outsider or an individual with low self-esteem. Strictly for use when the term "cheese dick" just isn't enough.
That guy who plays his PSP all day outside the cyber cafe is a total cheese dickinson.
by Die with your boots on May 18, 2006
Trending Now


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Posted: 03/19/2015
The exoneration of Officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson causes an uproar at Fox News.
Tags: fox news, media, investigations, racism, discrimination, protests, violence, police business, government, rage, corrections/retractions/apologies , congress, scandals, controversies, obama administration, susan rice, lying, cia, fbi, military, accountability, props
Posted: 09/15/2014
President Obama relies on a law from the Bush era to take military action against ISIS.
Tags: isis, middle east, iraq, syria, wars, barack obama, terrorism, military, fox news, obama administration, john kerry, al qaeda, susan rice, bush administration, laws, congress, songs
Posted: 05/05/2014
A decade late, Fox News gets in touch with its emotional side.
Tags: fox news, controversies, susan rice, media, scandals, intelligence, obama administration, bush administration, rage, libya
Posted: 05/20/2013
ABC News super sleuth Jonathan Karl paraphrases a White House email from Ben Rhodes.
Tags: scandals, benghazi, libya, obama administration, barack obama, polls, republicans, jay carney, susan rice, jonathan karl, media, mail/e-mail, terrorism, international affairs, ben rhodes, jimmy, under the desk
Posted: 05/13/2013
Fox News reports on semantics, and the White House covers up Al Qaeda's connection to Benghazi.
Tags: scandals, obama administration, libya, benghazi, terrorism, international affairs, war on terror, lying, susan rice, darrell issa, barack obama, jay carney, al qaeda, fox news, media, birthdays, jimmy, greg gutfeld, jonathan karl
Posted: 02/21/2013
Democrats decide to keep f**king that chicken regarding drone strike legal memos.
Tags: benghazi, controversies, government, white house, republicans, filibusters, john mccain, lindsey graham, susan rice, terrorism, war on terror, wars, military, intelligence, democrats, robots, weapons, barack obama, laws, no disrespect impression, impressions, nuclear, citizenship
Posted: 02/14/2013
Susan Rice elaborates on the lessons learned from Benghazi.
Tags: exclusives, extended interviews, susan rice, interviews, controversies, middle east, violence, death, anti-american, terrorism, international affairs, religion, government, accountability, conspiracies, intelligence, security, safety, al qaeda, leon panetta, cia, fbi, david petraeus, hillary clinton, trials/hearings, mail/e-mail, muslim
Posted: 02/14/2013
Susan Rice defends the White House response to the Benghazi attacks.
Tags: exclusives, extended interviews, susan rice, interviews, middle east, controversies, violence, anti-american, terrorism, international affairs, diplomacy, hillary clinton, religion, barack obama, media, intelligence, chuck hagel, voting, republicans, government, accountability, muslim
Posted: 02/14/2013
Susan Rice confirms that the North Koreans don't frequent the UN cafeteria.
Tags: exclusives, extended interviews, susan rice, interviews, north korea, wmds, nuclear, international affairs, weapons, military, bombs, missiles, economy, diplomacy, kim jong-un, family, kim jong-il, dictators, poverty, china, food, iran, business, wars, south africa, new jersey, security
Posted: 02/14/2013
Susan Rice addresses the controversy surrounding the White House's Benghazi talking points.
Tags: interviews, susan rice, middle east, controversies, violence, anti-american, terrorism, international affairs, diplomacy, hillary clinton, religion, barack obama, media, intelligence, chuck hagel, voting, republicans, government, accountability, david petraeus, cia, al qaeda, leon panetta, muslim
Posted: 02/14/2013
United Nations ambassador Susan Rice denies the existence of a Benghazi cover-up.
Tags: interviews, susan rice, controversies, middle east, violence, death, anti-american, terrorism, international affairs, religion, mail/e-mail, trials/hearings, hillary clinton, government, accountability, intelligence, security, safety, muslim
Posted: 12/05/2012
America can be that shining city on a hill, as long as that hill has a ramp.
Tags: pranks, diplomacy, health, john mccain, john kerry, controversies, impressions, history, united nations, military, international affairs, violence, senate, america, susan rice, alan simpson
Posted: 11/28/2012
Black Caucus Representative Marcia Fudge interprets McCain and Graham's attack on Susan Rice.
Tags: marcia fudge, susan rice, john mccain, lindsey graham, controversies, libya, terrorism, international affairs, war on terror, security, racism, sexism, ethnic, african american, tyler perry, parliament, jessica williams, jason jones, john oliver, wyatt cenac
Posted: 11/28/2012
Susan Rice meets with bad intel legends John McCain and Lindsey Graham to hash out Benghazi.
Tags: susan rice, john mccain, libya, terrorism, lindsey graham, security, war on terror, international affairs, movies, obama administration, condoleezza rice, intelligence, controversies, wars, nuclear, saddam hussein, iraq, iraq war, birthdays, audience interaction
Posted: 08/15/2011
Ambassador Susan Rice's full interview can be found online.
Tags: sign off, susan rice, internet, jon stewart
Posted: 08/15/2011
Ambassador Susan Rice describes the effects of United Nations sanctions on Iran's nuclear pursuits.
Tags: susan rice, interviews, international affairs, united nations, dictators, iran, america, government, guns, money, china, russia, obama administration, conspiracies, star wars, facial hair, diplomacy, nailed, john bolton, mahmoud ahmadinejad, north korea, nuclear, wmds, heroe$ crawl
Posted: 08/15/2011
Susan Rice discusses NATO's operation in Libya and explains how Colbert Nation can help Somalia.
Tags: susan rice, interviews, colbert nation, united nations, nato, dictators, america, international affairs, somalia, syria, wars, muammar al-gaddafi, libya, charity, don't see color, african american, driving, diplomacy, rick perry, ethnic, military, violence, heroe$ crawl
Posted: 08/15/2011
Susan Rice explains the differing levels of U.S. involvement in Syria and Libya.
Tags: exclusives, susan rice, extended interviews, interviews, united nations, iran, government, wars, libya, syria, muammar al-gaddafi, military, nuclear, weapons, wmds, international affairs, mail/e-mail, ronald reagan, mahmoud ahmadinejad, north korea, diplomacy, dictators, obama administration, middle east
Posted: 08/15/2011
Susan Rice doesn't have diplomatic plates and has to pay her own parking tickets.
Tags: exclusives, susan rice, somalia, extended interviews, interviews, united nations, colbert nation, shortages, natural disasters, terrorism, america, charity, money, fundraising, driving, diplomacy, african american, don't see color, rick perry, kids, international affairs, ethnic
Posted: 08/15/2011
Susan Rice dispels the myth of America's loss of sovereignty to the United Nations.
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The Labour Co-operative MP for the marginal constituency of Harrow West, Gareth Thomas. He has been a Member of Parliament since the 1997 and is currently the chair of Co-operative party. He is also the Shadow Minister for Africa and the Middle East
A Consumer Ombudsman would allow the public to mount US-style group lawsuits against firms that keep prices too high
Gareth Thomas MP hit out at the FA and Premier League bosses for blocking moves to give British fans the chance to run their sides as in Germany
Hard-up hospitals can now earn up to 50% of income from private work - and that from private patients rose 12% last year
Serving personnel get an allowance on active duty but some find it hard to get by without the top-up cash
He had insisted that he would remain in his £81,000 a year job while Parliament's sleaze watchdog investigated his conduct
The Chancellor unveiled plans to let bosses make employees give up the right to flexible hours, redundancy pay and the ability to claim unfair dismissal
An astonishing 21 lap-tops were stolen in one incident in Germany
THE Ministry of Defence was blasted yesterday for axing funding for a military charity's 24-hour helpline.
BUNGLING officials at the Ministry of Justice have lost 500 hi-tech gadgets in the last 18 months.
MINISTERS are looking at stripping the minimum wage for some workers.
A PRIVATE healthcare firm whose wealthy clients were given donor organs bought from children is in talks to run transplant operations for the NHS.
UNIVERSITIES were given a "kick in the teeth" yesterday as the Government slashed their funding for next year by £800million.
KitKat goes Fairtrade in £65m deal with poor cocoa farmers
The number of people contacting a debt advice helpline has surged by 40% during the past year, figures showed today.
A deal to stop credit card firms ripping off their customers will be announced today.
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Now in its 272nd year, First Parish Universalist Church is a liberal religious congregation that has evolved out of a fascinating religious history. First Parish Universalist Church is a member congregation of the Unitarian Universalist Association.
FPUC Stoughton is nearing the end of a three-year Interim Ministry during which we have conducted a search for a new full-time settled minister. The Ministerial Search Committee is excited to announce on Sunday, April 24, that Rev. Sarah Napoline is our ministerial candidate. We will welcome Rev. Sarah to First Parish from May 15 through May 22 for Candidating Week. Members of the congregation are encouraged to attend as many events during Candidating Week as possible so that we can all get to know Rev. Sarah and she will have a chance to become familiar with us. The Vote to Call will be held immediately following the worship service on May 22. Check back here for the Candidating Week schedule.
We invite members and friends of First Parish to "meet" Rev. Sarah by exploring her website at http://revsarahnapoline.weebly.com/. You can also find her on FaceBook and Twitter. We are excited to see what the future will bring!
Our Mission Statement
We, the people of the First Parish Universalist Church of Stoughton, Massachusetts, gather to create a community which encourages the lifelong journey toward personal and spiritual growth. We accept, respect, and celebrate one another's individuality, together with the common spirit of life which connects us all. Through our sharing and worship together, we hope to find peace and strength for daily living. We strive to make our faith come alive through service to others and care of the earth.


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Four years ago, a bleeding Afghan interpreter, Fazel, staggered out of an ambush in the Ganjigal Valley in eastern Afghanistan. Trapped inside the valley were four Americans. Asked to help rescue them, he said, "I have a wife and baby. But I will go back." Fazel returned to the battle, killed several Taliban fighters and carried out the bodies of the fallen Americans.
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Even though Jerome Bettis has accepted a reduced contract over the weekend, he hasn't ruled out retiring, the Pittsburgh Post Gazette reported Thursday.
Bettis told KDKA-TV Wednesday that he agreed to take a pay cut to give the Steelers salary cap relief, but that he still may retire and his decision likely won't come until June 1.
"It's still, for me, not a done deal in that sense," Bettis told the station in his first interview since accepting the new deal.
This is the second consecutive season the NFL's No. 5 career rusher has accepted a substantial pay cut to stay in Pittsburgh.
Bettis was to have made $4,484,000 next season, but will play for
about $1.5 million -- or about $500,000 more than his base salary
last season.
Now Bettis is trying to figure out whether he'll play his 13th season.
"The Steelers have asked me to restructure it for the cap," Bettis said in the television interview, "and I still haven't been able to give coach a firm decision. So, he's given me some more time. Obviously, the contract has given me more time, and I'll be able to let the coaching staff and the organization know probably around June 1 as to my plans."
Bettis told KDKA's Bob Pompeani that he will approach the season as if he were going to play.
"My training regimen is going to be the same. I think it's important for me to go through the same process, because, if I step on the football field, I want to be in great shape and I want to be comparable to where I was last year and the year before that. So I need to do the same things that I've been doing."
If Bettis decided to retire, the Steelers would have to scramble to find depth at running back. Duce Staleyis the starter, but
Verron Haynes is a restricted free agent and Willie Parker, an undrafted rookie in 2004, is their only other back.
Coach Bill Cowher has already told Bettis that he would start 2005 the way he did '04.
"The role for me will be the same as it was last year," Bettis said. "I'll come in and I'll spell Duce when he needs a blow. When we get down in the red zone, the goal line, then that's when I'll take over."
Bettis began each of the last two seasons as a backup, to Amos Zereoue in 2003 and Staley in 2004, only to win back his starting job each time. Though he gained 811 yards in 2003, he enjoyed a career resurgence last season to boost his career yardage to
13,295, fifth all-time.
Bettis still wants to play in the Super Bowl, and he believes the Steelers have a chance to get him there for the first time. Another bonus? This year's Super Bowl will be played in Detroit, Bettis' hometown.
"I think the team has a chance to be a Super Bowl-contending football team," Bettis said. "If they weren't, I wouldn't come back, I wouldn't come back just to play. I'm coming back to try to win a championship. I really think this team has the makeup to do that.
"That the Super Bowl is in Detroit, yeah, that's a factor, that's something I looked at. It would be great to finish where I started."
Information from The Associated Press was used in this report.


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We use rain water to CleanIT!
CleanIT Recycling Solutions provides innovative and sustainable cleaning solutions for commercial, multi-unit residential, industrial and institutional facilities. Our front load bin, dumpster, garbage chute and garbage room cleaning services are excellent for municipalities, property management, restaurants and more. We use Rain Water! Along with the safest, eco-friendly methods and products, helping to create a healthier, non-toxic living and working environment for everyone.


text: The Rules Since neither of you decided on abilities, I'm going to say all abilities. Banryu's Pokemon Stadium (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Banryu's Pokemon Stadium (open) Banryu's Pokemon Stadium (close) Arena: Pokemon Stadium Base Field Type: Neutral Complexity: Intense Format: Singles/Doubles/Melee (4 Pokemon on the field max) Restrictions: The starting field is a floor of linoleum and sod. It cannot be dug through and provides no rocky materials for rock-based field attacks, nor any external supply of water for water-based field attacks. Camouflage and Nature Power treat the base field as Normal-type or neutral. Description: At the end of every round, the arena changes to one of 8 elemental fields (non-repeating). This type-based field lasts for two full rounds before returning to normal. The field will always remain in the normal state for one full round (including the beginning of the match) before changing again. The field is scaled to about double the size of the stage in Super Smash Bros Brawl/Melee. Layout of the fields is identical to what's shown in the pictures for each stage, however, any floating platforms not attached to part of the stage should be treated as nonexistent. Additionally, the stage is treated as a flat floor that is contiguous with the ground, rather than an elevated platform; any Pokemon knocked out of the arena can return without further penalty. The elemental fields featured in this stage do not repeat until all 8 have been brought up. Each trainer will be given the option to switch Pokemon when the stage shifts; this will proceed in the same turn order as it would if the trainers were attacking, and it does NOT take up a turn in the round. After both trainers decide whether or not to switch, attack orders proceed normally. Each elemental field brought up in this stage has its own layout that's separate from the base field, which are as follows: Rock Field (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Rock Field (open) Rock Field (close) Field Type: Rock Description: Easily enables the use of Rock-based moves such as Rock Slide and Rock Tomb, reducing the energy cost of all Rock-type moves by one (1). The movement and maneuverability of Flying or airborne Pokemon is greatly reduced by the towering rock masses, lowering their evasion by 50% and adding three (3) extra energy for any flying-related commands. The cacti around the outside of the arena mimic the effects of Spikes, causing damage to any Pokemon that comes in contact with them (acts as a field/movement hazard, NOT an entry hazard). Grass Field (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Grass Field (open) Grass Field (close) Field Type: Grass Description: Grass-type and Bug-type Pokemon feel very at home in this forested environment. Grass-type attacks have their base damage boosted by two (2) and their energy cost reduced by two (2), while Bug-type Pokemon have the energy cost of all commands reduced by one (1). Water Field (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Water Field (open) Water Field (close) Field Type: Water Description: Allows unlimited use of all Water-moves. Environmental moves such as Surf are enabled, and the energy cost of Water-type moves is reduced by two (2). Swift Swim is active for all Pokemon that reside in the pond at one end of the stage. Electric-type attacks aimed at Pokemon in the water have perfect accuracy (akin to Aura Sphere or Swift). Any interaction with the water or the fountains causes a great deal of splashiness to take place, causing the effects of Water Sport to come into effect for as long as this field is up. Fire Field (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Fire Field (open) Fire Field (close) Field Type: Fire Description: The arena blazes with intense heat; If a Pokemon uses a Fire-type attack in this arena it will pick up additional heat, increasing its Base Attack Power by two (2). Pokemon cannot be frozen while this field is active. If a Pokemon uses a Water-type attack in this field some of it will evaporate, reducing its Base Attack Power by two (2). The increase in Firepower and the decrease in effectiveness of Water moves does NOT stack with the effects of Sunny Day. Attacking moves that inflict burns have their chance of doing so raised by 10% (flat). Electric Field (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Electric Field (open) Electric Field (close) Field Type: Electric Description: The spinning turbines in the arena cause a lot of static electricity buildup in the area, boosting the damage output of all Electric-type moves by two (2) damage flat. Additionally, any Pokemon attempting to remain on the treadmill running laterally across the stage must spend three (3) energy per turn to stay in place or to move across the stage, but being on the treadmill doubles the static electricity buildup, boosting the chance of paralysis for all Electricity-based paralyzing moves by 10% flat. Furthermore, the ground is made of Metal and cannot be dug through with an attack stat lower than rank five (5). Flying Field (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Flying Field (open) Flying Field (close) Field Type: Flying Description: Fans blow upward from underneath the stage, reducing gravity for all Pokemon present. The energy penalty for remaining airborne with Fly is eliminated altogether, and the Jump command can be used to avoid Ground-based attacks like Earthquake and Magnitude (effectiveness depends on the user's weight). The energy cost of all wind-based attacks is reduced by one (1). Digging restrictions apply here same as they do on the Electric stage. Ground Field (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Ground Field (open) Ground Field (close) Field Type: Ground Description: The ground is extremely soft and malleable here, reducing Ground-type attacks' energy cost by one (1), and lowering the energy cost for consecutive Digging by two (2). Electric-type attacks have their power greatly reduced here, as if Mud Sport were in effect. The bones and fossils littered throughout the stage can be used as weapons by the Pokemon, supplying them with objects that can be picked up or used with Fling-- including items such as Rare Bones, Thick Clubs, Hard Stones, and more. Ice Field (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Ice Field (open) Ice Field (close) Field Type: Ice Description: Ice-type moves become more powerful due to the frosty air. All Ice-type moves have their base damage boosted by two (2), and the Freeze chance of all moves is boosted by a flat 5%. All effects of burns are neutralized, though not eliminated, while this stage is in effect, though the burn will flame up again when this stage is no longer active. (In other words, the Pokemon is still afflicted with a burn, but it is temporarily treated as if it is not. This also applies to the effects of Facade, etc.) Additionally, the ground is very slippery, and any commands that require dodging or traveling will have a 30% chance of resulting in the Pokemon slipping and falling on the icy floor. Ice-type Pokemon can travel more easily on the ground and are exempt from slipping. Aweshucks chooses his first Pokemon and their items LupusAter does likewise and orders Aweshucks orders Objection sings Aweshucks and LupusAter stick their fingers in their ears


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Howdy and welcome to #Smashville, @PKSubban1! >> https://t.co/oM7l4dnTDKhttps://t.co/dIcCeVJ1nT — Nashville Predators (@PredsNHL) July 17, 2016 Everyone was shocked when P.K. Subban was traded from the Canadiens to the Predators, especially considering his involvement in the community. Show More Summary
Predators fans are likely already happy to have P.K. Subban, as nearly everyone thinks their team fleeced Montreal in obtaining the star defenseman in a trade that sent Shea Weber to the Canadiens last month. Those same fans must be even more delighted with the 27-year-old Toronto native after he demonstrated his love for Johnny Cash. Subban didn't just […]
She left a message to Habs management, too. To say that Montreal Canadiens fans are upset about the team trading P.K. Subban to the Nashville Predators a few days ago would be an understatement. After all, our own Canadiens blog called it the worst trade in franchise history. Show More Summary
While the huge trade between the Montreal Canadiens and Nashville Predators involving P.K. Subban and Shea Weber dominated the news Wednesday, per SportsCenter, there are several more legitimate trade possibilities as the NHL approaches...Show More Summary
The NHL experienced one of its wildest offseason days ever on Wednesday, with some major deals confirmed. Within a matter of hours, the Edmonton Oilers sent Taylor Hall to the New Jersey Devils for Adam Larsson, the Nashville Predators acquired P.K. Show More Summary
On Wednesday, the Nashville Predators and Montreal Canadiens each committed to different visions of the future. In Montreal, general manager Marc Bergevin doubled down on old-school hockey virtues. Shea Weber is a paragon of the oldShow More Summary
They seem to be taking it better than most fans. Taylor Hall is now a New Jersey Devil while P.K. Subban will be suiting up for the Nashville Predators this fall. Yes, these happened. Just a few hours ago in fact. Crazy, isn't it? While...Show More Summary
Minutes after the Oilers sent Taylor Hall to the Devils for Adam Larsson, the Montreal Canadiens traded P.K. Subban to the Nashville Predators for Shea Weber in a one-for-one trade. The hockey stove is so fucking hot. Read more...
The Montreal Canadiens reportedly traded star defenseman P.K. Subban to the Nashville Predators on Wednesday in exchange for defenseman Shea Weber, according to Sportsnet's Nick Kypreos and ESPN.com's Pierre LeBrun. Subban, 27, has established...Show More Summary
More players are on the move on a crazy Wednesday. In the second blockbuster move of the day, P.K. Subban is officially on the move to Nashville as the Canadiens trade their star defenseman for Predators blue liner Shea Weber. As first...Show More Summary
After acquiring him in a trade with the Nashville Predators last season, the Columbus Blue Jackets locked up defenseman Seth Jones on Wednesday with a six-year contract extension worth $5.4 million per season. Chris Johnston of Sportsnet...Show More Summary
The San Jose Sharks and St. Louis Blues begin the Western Conference Final Sunday fresh off blowout Game 7 victories. St. Louis derailed the Dallas Stars 6-1 Wednesday before the Sharks thoroughly beat down the Nashville Predators 5-0 a day later. Show More Summary
San Jose 5, Nashville 0 (San Jose wins series 4-3) The San Jose Sharks dominated Game 7 of their Western Conference semifinal series with the Nashville Predators from start to finish on Thursday night. The Game 7 victory was the first...Show More Summary
The San Jose Sharks had had enough. They had played magnificent hockey throughout the playoffs, but they had hit a bit of a speed bump in their second-round matchup with the Nashville Predators. The Sharks had won decisively in their three games at the SAP Center, but they had dropped all three of their games at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville. Show More Summary
The San Jose Sharks have made it to the NHL's version of the Final Four. The conference finals are both set, as the San Jose Sharks rolled over the Nashville Predators 5-0 in Game 7 of their second-round playoff series Thursday. TheShow More Summary
The San Jose Sharks are back in familiar waters looking to journey deeper into uncharted territory. With a 5-0 win over the Nashville Predators in Game 7 of their second-round playoff series, the Sharks advanced to the Western Conference Final for the first time since 2011. Show More Summary
Captain Joe Pavelski got San Jose off to a fast start in Game 7 with his franchise record-tying ninth goal of the playoffs to send the Sharks to their first Western Conference finals in five years with a 5-0 victory over the Nashville Predators on Thursday night. Joel Ward, Logan Couture, Joe Thornton...
The San Jose Sharks are moving on to the Western Conference Final for the fourth time in team history after defeating the Nashville Predators 5-0 in Game 7 of their second-round series on Thursday night at SAP Center in San Jose, California. The Sharks will take on the St. Show More Summary
A five goal blowout has the Sharks advancing to the Western Conference Final. The Sharks stomped all over the Predators in Game 7 as their 5-0 victory has them headed to the Western Conference Final against the Blues. Martin Jones had...Show More Summary
A rare mistake from Nashville's best defenseman has the Predators on the ropes. Roman Josi picked a hell of a time to have a bad period of hockey. The Predators defenseman isn't the main reason why Nashville is down 2-0 after the opening 20 minutes (a 17-3 shot differential might be a big factor in this one). Show More Summary


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2016-17 schedule now available!
Early Pay discount for September through 8/18/16
1823 Colonial Village LaneSuite 102Lancaster, PA 17601ph: email@example.com
Lives in Balance Gymnastics strives to inspire families to stay active.
Classes are structured from the belief that gymnastics encourages a lifelong love of physical activity, with skills that can carry into other sports and areas of life.
Summer sign-up now available.
Sign up NOW for summer '16 classes!
All summer classes are individually scheduled. Schedule as many or as few as you wish exactly when you want. Still room in many classes & clinics to join.
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is the fuel tank preasure sensor actually inside the gas tank or is it on the top of the outside of the tank.
location of fuel tank preasure sensor on 2009 Chevrolet Silverado 1500
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2 answers
Just like that Silverado you ask about before!! Check that answer, it is the same. Google image of the sensor then the module.
top of tank in sending unit