text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 11, 1988
|Filing date
|Sep 28, 1984
|Priority date
|Sep 28, 1984
|Fee status
|Publication number
|William R. Wade
|Original Assignee
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (12), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention described herein was made in the performance of work under a NASA contract and is subject to the provisions of Section 305 of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, Public Law 85-568 (72 Stat. 435; 42 U.S.C. 2457).
This invention pertains generally to distress signal beacon devices such as emergency locating transmitters (ELTs) and emergency position indication radio beacons (EPIRBs) and, more particularly, to ELTs and EPIRBs with means to ensure intended operation and further means to ensure intended disablement.
There are presently in existence in the United States approximately 190,000 emergency locating transmitters (ELTs) required by law on all small aircraft traveling more than twenty-five miles from an airport and about 6,000 emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) required on certain classes of marine vessels. ELTs and EPIRBs are essentially the same device which transmits an audio tone on 121.5 MHz and 243 MHz indicating that a distress incident has occurred. In general, the ELTs are activated by aircraft impact whereas the EPIRBs are activated in response to contact of the EPIRBs with water. The audio output generated by these devices is a characteristic distress signal which is produced by a modulation waveform having a downward sweep of at least 700 Hz within a band of 1,600 Hz and 300 Hz at a rate of 2 Hz to 4 Hz. These specifications are predetermined by legislation so that the required transmitted signals may be recognized by individuals listening for the characteristic distress signal on the 121.5 MHz and 243 MHz carrier frequencies. The Air Force Rescue Coordination Center (AFRCC), for example, receives information from others, i.e., FAA flight service stations, airports, Civil Air Patrol, etc., who monitor the 121.5 MHz and 243 MHz carrier frequencies and it responds to distress signals by notifying search and rescue personnel (SAR), such as the Civil Air Patrol, to search for the location of the distress transmission and initiate rescue operations.
While these distress signal devices have been employed for some period of time and with some degree of success, some problems have surfaced with respect to these devices in terms of their reliability. These problems can be generically divided into two categories, one category being a failure of the device to operate when operation is intended and the other relating to its operation when operation is not intended, i.e., false alarms. Furthermore, traditional, legislated ELTs and EPIRBs do not provide any indication to the pilot or other operator as to whether the device is ready for activation or, on the other hand, whether the device is activated and producing a false-alarm signal.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to improve ELT and EPIRB reliability.
It is another object of the invention to reduce ELT and EPIRB false alarms.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a pilot or other operator with a means for monitoring ELT and EPIRB operating condition.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a pilot or other operator with a means for controlling ELT and EPIRB operating condition.
Briefly, these and other objects are achieved in a distress signal beacon system including remote means for indicating if the beacon is armed, i.e., ready to signal the detection of a crash when the aircraft power is turned on, remote means for indicating when the beacon is transmitting, remote reset means, i.e., means to turn off the transmitter and return the beacon to the armed state, and means to transmit a non-distress signal with a steady audio tone when the beacon is being tested. Additionally, a remote control monitor (RCM) is provided in the cockpit (for an ELT version) which is connected to an ELT by means of a multiconductor electrical cable and interface circuitry. In accordance with the invention, the RCM can be removed and/or the cable wires shorted or open circuited without affecting the operation of the ELT.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram representation of a standard, legislated ELT.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for an interface circuit for connecting a standard ELT with a mechanically latched G-switch to a remote control monitor (RCM).
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the RCM.
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a portion of the RCM.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an interface circuit for connecting a standard ELT with an electrically latched G-switch to an RCM.
Reference is now made to the drawings and, in particular, to FIG. 1, where a standard ELT 10 is generally represented in a block diagram format. The positive terminal of a 12V battery 12, provided separately for and internal to the ELT, is connected to sweep generator 12, tone generator 16 and transmitter 18. The negative (ground) terminal of the battery 12 is connected to one side of normally open G-switch (and mechanical latch) 20. G-switch (and latch) 20 has no requirement to be electrically energized. The sweep generator 14, connected to tone generator 16, provides a control signal 22, which may typically be a sawtooth waveform, for controlling the frequency of the tone generator. In turn, the output 24 of the tone generator 16, connected to transmitter 18, is generally a square wave with a legislated 700 Hz bandwidth of decreasing frequency between 300 Hz and 1600 Hz. The tone generator output 24 is directly applied to transmitter 18 to amplitude modulate the transmitter r.f. carrier frequencies which are legislated at 121.5 MHz and 243 MHz. Antenna 26 is driven by the transmitter and is generally omni-directional. The basic control for turning the transmitter "on" is through switch 20. The positive terminal of dedicated battery 12 is continuously connected to the ELT circuitry but the negative terminal of the battery is normally not connected to the circuitry. The ground connection for the circuitry is typically furnished through switch 20. When a sufficient, predetermined force is applied to the switch due to de-acceleration, the switch closes. If the switch is the mechanically latching type, the contacts remain in the closed position, keeping the electrical connection closed and grounding the battery to the circuit ground connection points (not shown except for the transmitter) and permitting operation of the ELT. If the G-switch is of the momentary contact type, i.e., electrically latched, closure of the contacts turns on a silicon controlled rectifier which acts as an electrical latch to keep the ELT transmitting.
In a broad sense, problems with current generation ELTs relate to the generation of false alarms, i.e., the transmitter is firing without the occurrence of a distress incident, or the failure to transmit when a distress incident has occurred. False alarms are generally associated with switch 20 closing and remaining in the latched position when it should not be closed. On the other hand, the failure problem is very often associated with the switch failing to close when it should or the failure of battery 12. Accordingly, it would be advantageous if the pilot, or other operator, could be continually informed of the ELT operating condition and make corrections in the event of any malfunction. This is made somewhat more difficult because the typical ELT location is in the tail section of the aircraft. The instant invention provides ELT operating information and the capability for taking corrective measures at a position which is remote from the ELT. This is accomplished by providing certain access points in the standard ELT for connection to an interface circuit (depicted in FIG. 2) in the ELT package itself and connecting the interface to a remote control monitor (RCM) which monitors ELT operating condition and provides certain test functions at the pilot or other operator position. These access points are identified in FIG. 1 (and FIG. 2) as numbers 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, and 38.
Point 28 is shown connected to an R-C network which provides the basic charging characteristic to develop the sweep generator sawtooth signal output. The R-C network is part of the sweep generator but is separately shown for the purpose of illustration. When point 28 is grounded, the result is that the sweep generator 14 no longer generates a sawtooth waveform, the tone generator 24 will generate only a single fundamental frequency squarewave and the transmitter 18 will generate an r.f. signal with only a single tone, not the legislated 700 Hz swept tone. Consequently, by grounding point 28 and providing power to the overall ELT, the ELT can be tested without transmitting a false alarm.
Point 30 is simply a point at which the battery voltage can be measured. Point 32 is not a wired connection but rather a point at which r.f. energy from the transmitter can be measured while point 34 is a position in the ELT circuitry where an external ground can be provided to by-pass the switch 20 and apply power to the transmitter 18. Point 36 provides an access point to switch 20 whereby the switch, when latched, can be reset to the open position by the application of a predetermined signal. This means that an operator who determines that the ELT is generating false alarms can immediately and remotely disable the transmitter 18 be removing the ground from the transmitter. Access point 38 is the ELT ground that is connected to the ELT circuitry through switch 20, when closed, as well as connected to the interface circuitry (FIG. 2) and the RCM (FIG. 3).
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for the essentially standard interface circuit or unit 40 which forms part of the invention. The purpose of the interface is fundamentally to provide an interconnect and buffer system between the ELT and the RCM which may be packaged with the ELT. The interface circuit, however, does more then simply interconnect the ELT and the RCM. Its design is such that if the RCM is not connected to the interface, the ELT will function in a traditional fashion. Further, the interface is designed so that if any or all of its inputs are shorted to ground, the aircraft power, or each other in any combination, the ELT operation will not be affected.
Point 41 is intended to receive a 6.5 KHz signal from the RCM when the ELT is being tested or reset which is converted by the circuitry provided to two ground signals at points 28 and 34. These ground signals disable the sweep generator 14 and turn on the transmitter 18 for testing and resetting. For this purpose the a.c. signal is passed through a 0.05 μf capacitor 50 which provides the d.c. isolation necessary for reliability. Capacitor 50 connected to 10K Ω resistor 51 and a 0.001 μf capacitor 52 which form a low-pass filter network to eliminate high frequency spikes that might unintentionally trigger the ELT. The output of the filter network is connected, in turn, to a 1N914 diode 53 which rectifies the a.c. signal. The rectified diode output is then applied to a 10 μf capacitor 54 which acts as a filter and charges to a d.c. potential that is directed to two different transistor bias networks. The first bias network is formed by resistors 55 and 56, each of which is 10K Ω, and controls 2N3904 transistor 57 (a general purpose NPN transistor), i.e., if a 6.5 KHZ signal is present at point 41, a positive d.c. voltage will appear at the junction of diode 53, capacitor 54, and resistor 55. This results in the application of a positive bias to the base of transistor 57, closing, or saturating transistor 57 in an "on" condition, grounding point 28 and disabling sweep generator 14 shown in FIG. 1. The positive potential built up on capacitor 54 when an a.c. signal is applied to capacitor 50 is also applied to resistor 58 which forms a resistor divider bias network with resistor 59 which, in turn, controls the current in transistor 60. When the bias at the interconnection of resistor 58 and resistor 59 is positive, transistor 60 turns "on" by closing in the saturated condition and applies a ground signal to point 34. Transistor 60 is typically a high gain Darlington pair. The grounding of point 34 causes the transmitter 18 of FIG. 1 to turn "on" and transmit an r.f. carrier signal. However, because the sweep generator is simultaneously grounded and disabled, the transmitted r.f. will not have a modulated audio sweep but, rather, a single modulation tone.
Point 43 supplies a heavily isolated sample of the ELT battery voltage to the RCM through resistor 61 which has a value of 100K Ω. Resistor 61 is large enough to prevent the ELT battery from discharging in the event that point 43 is grounded, for example, in a crash. Resistor 61 is also large enough to prevent the battery from being damaged by charging should point 43 be shorted to the aircraft power.
Point 44 furnishes a detected sample of the ELT transmitted r.f. to the RCM. Coil 62 is a single turn pickup loop which senses radiated energy from transmitter 18 at point 32. In practice, the loop is placed in near proximity to the coils in the antenna matching network (not shown) of the transmitter. The single turn allows enough energy to be coupled into the anode of diode 63, a 1N914 diode, to generate a detected d.c. voltage at the diode cathode. The detected r.f. charges the 0.001 μf capacitor 64 which is in parallel with 10K Ω resistor 65. Capacitor 64 and resistor 65 have a time constant which is set to detect the amplitude modulation that is superimposed on the r.f. signal. Accordingly, it will detect both the single tone amplitude modulation generated when the ELT is being tested and the sweep tone amplitude modulation when the unit is operating traditionally, whether as a false alarm, or otherwise. The detected signal is provided through the 10K Ω resistor 66 for the purpose of providing high impedance isolation prior to making the signal available to the RCM at point 44.
Point 46 of the interface unit represents the position at which the 6.5 KHz a.c. signal from the RCM may be applied to the ELT to turn the ELT "on". The signal is a.c. coupled by capacitor 67. A level change from ground to a sufficient positive voltage will cause a voltage spike to occur at the junction of the 1 μf capacitor 67 and the 1K Ω resistor 68 due to the differentiation action of this network. The voltage spike is limited by resistor 68 and applied to the cathode of the 1N914 diode 69 which protects the gate of the 2N5060 SCR 70, to which it is connected, from reverse voltages, by shorting the negative swing of the spike to ground. The 10K Ω resistor 71, connected across the diode 69 as well as to the gate and cathode of the SCR 70, forms part of the SCR bias network and functions to drain small amounts of leakage current from the gate of SCR. This prevents the SCR from turning itself "on" by internally generated currents. The anode of the SCR 70 is connected to point 34 which, in turn, is connected to the ground position for the ELT transmitter 18 (as well as the remainder of the ELT circuitry). Accordingly, when the 6.5 KHz signal is received from the RCM at point 46, the SCR 70 will be turned "on" which connects its anode and the transmitter 18 to ground, thereby turning the transmitter "on".
Point 47 receives the previously noted 6.5 KHz signal from the RCM whenever the RCM is switched to its reset/test position for the purpose of resetting the G-switch 20 to an "open" position and placing the ELT into its "armed" condition. The signal is directed to 1 μf capacitor 71, which provides its traditional a.c. coupling, d.c. blocking function, and is then coupled to point 36 and the G-switch. The mechanically latched G-switch contains a small heating element (not shown), which, when energized by the 6.5 KHz signal, flips the latch off and places the switch into the open position. The purpose of the capacitor 71 is to prevent a d.c. voltage from being accidentally applied to the G-switch and potentially destroying the switch.
The ground connection between the RCM and the ELT is provided by the wire connection between points 38 and 42. This connection is fused with 1/2 ampere fuse 72. The fuse is necessary to protect the inner wiring of the ELT from any damage should the ground wire of the RCM be inadvertently attached to the aircraft power supply during a crash sequence by opening the ground line.
A block diagram of the RCM 100 is shown in FIG. 3 with its inputs and outputs having designated connection point numbers that correspond, by number, to the respective points designated for the interface 40 to which the RCM is connected.
Aircraft engine power is applied to a 12V alternator or generator (not shown). The 12V output is, in turn, applied to a voltage regulator 101 whose output is a well regulated 5V d.c. This regulated 5V output is furnished to all RCM circuitry. As soon as the 5V output is available, oscillator 102, of conventional design, begins generating a 6.5 KHz signal which is applied to the inverter amplifier 103 as well as the divide by 128 digital frequency divider 104, both of which are also of conventional design. Inverter amplifier 103 functions as a buffer amplifier whose 6.5 KHz output is furnished to the three position switch 105 with "Reset/Test", "Arm" and "ELT On" positions. When switch 105 is placed in the Reset/Test position, the 6.5 KHz signal from inverter amplifier 103 is applied to points 41 and 47, and, as previously discussed, the sweep generator 14 is disabled, the ELT circuitry is grounded, transmitter 18 is turned "on", with a single tone, and the G-switch 20 is reset, i.e., the latch is released if it was in the latched position. This all occurs simultaneously.
In the event that switch 105 is placed in the "Armed" position, which is not connected to any interface circuitry, the ELT is placed in a ready to fire (normal) position where the sweep generator is not disabled and the transmitter could fire with swept audio amplitude modulation except that ELT circuitry is normally not grounded because the G-switch is open. Accordingly, the "Armed" position is the normal position assumed for flight, representing an ELT system condition where the ELT is ready to transmit when the G-switch is closed, i.e., in the event of a crash.
The ELT "On" position of switch 105 represents a position whereby the operator can turn the ELT "on" in its traditional sweep tone mode. In this switch position, the 6.5 KHz signal from the inverter 103 is applied to point 46, SCR 70 closes, i.e., its anode is placed at ground, and the transmitter 18 fires. In the "On" position, the sweep is not disabled. Of course, this switch position can be used as a test position, but if the operator is not in a distress situation, the operator is generating a false alarm signal that must be dealt with by those detecting the signal.
Comparator 112, described in more detail infra, has four inputs and a single output and a single function, that of determining whether the battery voltage is acceptable. The inputs are the battery sample itself from point 43, the voltage regulator output from voltage regulator 101, a 2.5V d.c. reference voltage derived from the regulator output for comparison with the sampled battery voltage and a 51 Hz audio signal obtained from the frequency divider 104. When the aircraft power is "on" and the regulator 101 output appears, the battery sample is connected to the comparator. The battery sample is digitally latched at the comparator output by the 51 Hz signal in one of two states depending on its relationship to the reference. The comparator output directly drives the inputs of the "ELT OFF" lamp driver 106. If the ELT battery voltage is low, the "ELT OFF" light in "ELT OFF" lamp driver 106 is turned "on" and the complaint alarm 107 is enabled. When the output of the comparator 112 is in an enabling state it switches the "ELT OFF" lamp driver 106 to an "on" condition which turns "on" a lamp, i.e., an LED, which, in turn, represents a battery "off" or battery "low" condition. At the same time, when the output of comparator 112 is enabling, the complaint alarm is enabled, which means that it inputs the 3.25 KHz signal from frequency divider 104 and its outputs a 1.6 KHz audio signal by counting down by 2. This 1.6 KHz output drives one input of power amplifier 108 which, in turn, drives speaker 109. The power amplifier 108 is simply comprised of two field effect transistors (FETs). One input of the amplifier is coupled to the gate of one FET and the output of complaint alarm 107. The other input is coupled to the gate of the other FET and the output of preamplifier 110. The outputs of the FETs, connected in common, comprise the output of amplifier 108 and are coupled to a common speaker. In this instance, the 1.6 KHz output from complaint alarm 107 drives its associated FET from saturation to cut-off. This means that at the same time as the lamp of driver 106 is lit, an audio signal is sounded to indicate that the ELT battery is low.
If the transmitter is operating, either in its sweep disabled or traditional swept mode, the detected r.f., i.e., the square wave modulation on the r.f., at point 44, is applied to the audio preamplifier 110 which is simply two cascaded operational amplifiers. The design of the preamplifier is not critical. In the design of choice, the amplifier has a very low offset voltage (≦5 mv), low power consumption (≦75 mw), and a 1 MHz unity gain. The square wave output of the preamplifier drives the second input of the power amplifier 108 to drive the speaker 109. Thus, the speaker audio notifies the pilot in the event that the battery is low, that the ELT is being tested in the sweep disabled mode or, alternatively, that the ELT is transmitting its traditional distress signal. The audio tones generated, however, will be different for each condition. At the same time that the preamplifier 110 is driving power amplifier 109 it is also driving the "ELT Transmitting" lamp driver 111. When modulated r.f. is detected, the light emitting diode in driver 111 is lit. The design of lamp driver 111 is the same as lamp driver 106. It is simply a FET which is switched between cut-off and saturation with a light emitting diode as a load. Again, when the diode is lit, the indication is that there is modulated r.f. present. There is no indication as to the nature of the modulation.
All circuitry of the RCM, as set forth in the system, block diagram format of FIG. 3, is deemed to be of conventional design. The design of each functional block is non-critical. For the purpose of clarity, however, a more detailed design for comparator 112 and complaint alarm 107 is provided in FIG. 4. The comparator 112 includes relay 201, resistor dividers R1, R2 and R3, R4, operational amplifier 203 and flip-flop 205. When the voltage regulator is "on", its 5VDC output energizes and closes relay 201, connecting the sampled battery voltage from point 43 of the interface unit (FIG. 2) to resistance divider R1, R2, R1 being equal to R2. Accordingly, one-half the battery sample, i.e., the voltage at point 43, is applied to the "plus" input of operational amplifier 203. At the same time, i.e., when the voltage regulator is "on", its 5VDC output is applied to voltage divider R3, R4, R3 being equal to R4. Accordingly, a 2.5VDC reference voltage is always applied to the "minus" input of operational amplifier 203. The operational amplifier gain is made so great that its output works between its limits whenever there is a slight difference between its voltage inputs. In other words, when the divided battery sample is greater than the reference voltage, the operational amplifier output is at its low limit and when the divided battery sample is low compared to the reference voltage, the amplifier output is at its high limit. Therefore, flip-flop 205, in effect, sees a digital signal at its D input which represents battery condition. In this instance, when the digital input at D is low (+0.6V), the battery condition is considered unacceptable. Alternatively, when the D input is high (+3.5V), the battery condition is considered acceptable.
Flip-flop 205 is a D-type (delay) flip-flop which is conventionally employed, i.e., the input appears at the Q output, delayed by the clock pulse. The clock pulse is the 51 Hz signal applied to the C input of flip-flop 205 derived from one of the two outputs of the frequency divider 104 depicted in FIG. 3. Accordingly, when the D input is high, this is considered, for the flip-flop configuration employed, to be the absence of a signal and the Q output is at ground. In turn, the "LED OFF" lamp driver 106 FIG. 3, is cut-off and its LED is "off". When the D input is low, the 51 Hz signal causes Q to assume its low state and Q to assume its high state. This high signal switches the lamp driver 106 "on" which turns its LED "on", indicating a low battery warning. The "truth-table" for flip-flop 205 is as follows:
______________________________________ ELT "OFF" LAMPD C Q DRIVER 106______________________________________high 51 Hz low disabled (LED "off")(battery "OK")low 51 Hz high enabled (LED lit)(battery "low")______________________________________
As shown in FIG. 4, the output Q of flip-flop 205 not only drives lamp driver 106 but also the "clear" input of D-type flip-flop 207. Flip-flop 207, in the configuration shown, by itself constitutes complaint alarm 107, FIG. 3. Here, the D input is tied to the Q input, which drives power amplifier 108, shown in FIG. 3. The C input is driven by the 3.25 KHz output of frequency divider 104, also shown in FIG. 3. When the "clear" input is low, the Q output is low. When the "clear" input is high the "clear" function is inhibited, allowing complaint alarm 107 to toggle at 1.6 KHz. The 3.25 KHz input to C appears at the Q output as a 1.6 KHz signal. When this signal is applied to the power amplifier 108, the signal indirectly drives speaker 109 in the audio range. Thus, a high level signal from the Q output of flip-flop 205, in effect, acts as a gate for an audio warning signal at speaker 109 as well as for the LED visual warning signal for the lamp driver 106. The "truth table" for complaint alarm 107 may be designated as:
______________________________________CLEAR C D & Q______________________________________low 3.25 KHz lowhigh 3.25 KHz 1.6 KHz______________________________________
While the ELTs are standard in terms of their distress signal and their circuitry is somewhat standard, the greatest variation between ELTs, with respect to their design, is that some are electrically latched rather than mechanically latched. In the case of the electrically latched design, the G-switch, once activated, drives an SCR, located in the ELT transmitter, into conduction. This action completes the ground connection and allows for transmission of a distress signal. For the instant invention to perform its intended functions for electrically latched ELTs, the interface unit described in FIG. 2 must be somewhat modified as shown in the interface unit 40 of FIG. 5. No modifications are required to the ELT (FIG. 1) or RCM (FIG. 3).
The circuitry in FIGS. 2 and 5 are identical in most respects. Between point 41 of the interface and points 28 (FIG. 5) and 34 of the ELT (FIG. 1) the circuit is the same with the function of taking the 6.5 KHz signal from the RCM switch 105 (FIG. 3), when placed in the Reset/Test position, to disable the ELT sweep generator 14 and provide a ground for the ELT. Similarly, the interface circuits for furnishing the battery sample to the RCM from point 30 of the ELT through point 43 of the interface and for furnishing the detected r.f. output to the RCM from point 32 of the ELT through point 44 of the interface, are identical in FIGS. 2 and 5, i.e., for both the mechanically and electrically latched ELTs. The interface ground connection is also identical, connecting point 38, the ELT system ground, through point 42 of the interface unit, to the RCM system ground. It is only the latching arrangement in the two interface units, that is different. Firstly, point 47 of the interface for the mechanically latched ELT (FIG. 2) carries the 6.5 KHz signal from the RCM switch 105 when the switch placed in the Reset/Test position to connect the interface to point 36 of the ELT G-switch detent. In the electrically latched ELT there is no detent. Accordingly, point 47, in the case of the interface unit for the electrically latched G-switch, is left open, i.e, not connected to the ELT. Secondly, for the electrically latched ELT design, SCR 70 and its associated leakage resistor 71 are not present in the interface circuit connecting point 46 to the RCM switch 105, ELT "on" position. This is simply because the SCR and leakage resistor are built into the ELT (not shown) and constitute the electrical latch. The junction between resistor 68 and the cathode of diode 69, in the interface, is connected to point 36 and connected to the SCR gate (not shown). In a fashion similar to the mechanically latched ELT, when switch 105 (FIG. 3) is placed in the ELT "on" position, the 6.5 KHz square-wave signal is differentiated by the FIG. 5 network comprised of capacitor 67 and the resistor 68 with the negative spike shorted to ground by diode 69. The positive spike drives ELT point 36 and drives the internal SCR into conduction. This grounds the ELT circuitry and turns the ELT "on". This slightly modified interface for the electrically latched ELT design, depicted in FIG. 5, is, like the interface for the mechanically latched design (FIG. 2), integrated with the ELT package. Its design allows for the use of identical RCMs, with identical functions and connections, regardless of the type of latching employed in the ELT.
When an EPIRB rather than an ELT is employed aboard ship, the interface and RCM designs are essentially the same. They would be simplified, however, because no G-switch is present. Accordingly, there is no provision for turning the transmitter "on" through the G-switch or arming the transmission by disabling a latching mechanism.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 17, 1967
|Jan 5, 1971
|Leigh Instr Ltd
|Helicopter crash position indicator
|Jun 20, 1969
|Oct 31, 1972
|Atlantic Design & Dev Corp
|Integrated push button panel for controlling aircraft instrumentalities
|Jul 13, 1971
|Jun 5, 1973
|Burndept Electronics Er Ltd
|Radio transmitters
|Dec 23, 1976
|May 9, 1978
|Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
|Single tone technique for measuring IM distortion
|Dec 11, 1980
|Nov 29, 1983
|Singletary Alger E
|Emergency citizens' band radio system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 24, 1991
|Jun 8, 1993
|Litton Systems Inc.
|Emergency transmitter buoy for use on marine vessels
|Jul 8, 1994
|Jul 16, 1996
|Holliday, Jr.; Robert O.
|Method and apparatus for determining the precise location of a modified cellular telephone using registration messages and reverse control channel transmission
|Mar 29, 1995
|Oct 15, 1996
|Potomac Aviation Technology Corp.
|Automatic radio check monitoring and adaptive transmitting system
|Jul 28, 1995
|Jan 19, 1999
|Potomac Aviation Technology Corp.
|Automated radio check system and method
|Mar 19, 1996
|Jan 30, 2001
|Potomac Aviation Technology Corp
|Automatic weather monitoring and adaptive transmitting system
|May 19, 1999
|Apr 30, 2002
|Potomac Aviation Technology Corporation
|Automated air-traffic advisory system and method
|Jan 15, 2002
|Apr 22, 2003
|Potomac Aviation Technology Corporation
|Automated air-traffic advisory system and method
|Jul 6, 2004
|May 2, 2006
|Sandia Corporation
|Micro environmental sensing device
|Jul 7, 2009
|The Aerospace Corporation
|Spacecraft hardware tracker
|Nov 26, 2001
|Aug 22, 2002
|Robinson Bruce R.
|System and method for a voice controlled weather station
|Apr 30, 2007
|Oct 30, 2008
|Ailor William H
|Spacecraft hardware tracker
|Jun 11, 2002
|Dec 27, 2005
|Potomac Aviation Technology Corp.
|Automatic weather monitoring and adaptive transmitting system
|U.S. Classification
|455/98, 455/117, 455/115.4, 455/67.7
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 28, 1984
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE ADM
Free format text: ASSIGNS THE ENTIRE INTEREST TO 42 U.S.C. 2457 CONTRACTOR GRANTED A LICENSE PURSUANT TO 14CFR 1245.108;ASSIGNOR:BEGGS, JAMES M., ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION;REEL/FRAME:004320/0721
Effective date: 19840928
|Mar 23, 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 21, 1996
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 13, 1996
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 24, 1996
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19961016


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The Switronix HDV PRO/V Camera Shoulder Support with V-Mount Plate is available here:
Visit adorama.com/learn for more photography videos!
Send your questions to: email@example.com


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Discover a selection of top forums armele pigs on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums armele pigs and meet other fans of armele pigs. Then, why don't you create your own forum of armele pigs ?
This is a forum to get answers of the animal welfare for guinea pigs.


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Book this 3 bedroom, 2 bathroom villa in Lovina today! A total of 8 people can sleep here comfortably. This property has been booked 2 times.
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- Miss Florida 2017 stripped of crown days after win - US Weekly
- Lindsay Lohan steps out amid relationship drama - TMZ
- Was Taylor Swift snubbed by the VMAs? - Gossip Cop
- Rachel Platten sings "Fight Song" with lots of stars - Just Jared Jr
- Farrah Abraham sizzles in a revealing bikini - Radar
- New pics from the Clooneys' Italian summer - Lainey Gossip
- Fox News snubs major DNC moment - The Hollywood Reporter
03 June 2014 at 4:25 PM
Jena Malone: The Shoe Kicks Off JJ Spotlight! (Behind the Scenes Photos)
About this photo set: Jena Malone strikes a fierce pose as she gets the finishing touches on her outfit in this exclusive behind the scenes pic for the latest edition of the Just Jared… Read More Here
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|Consider purchasing your own resort condo
in Bella Vista
Click to learn about Bella Vista Timeshares
|Gary Reynolds - Hutchinson Real Estate - 479-855-9037 - email@example.com
|Steven Atwell - Owner/Broker Buyer's First Realty
|Art Brunje - Crye-Leike Realtors - artbrunje.crye-leike.com
|Linda Lloyd – Broker – Acorn Realty – 479-855-2280 – firstname.lastname@example.com – experienced and innovative – www.BuyNWAHomes.com
|David S. Goodman Construction Inc. www.goodman-homes.com
|Linda Keysl, ABR REMAX 479-903-1600 www.lindakrysl.com
|Synergy Realty Group -- Mike Carey -- Bella Vista Lot Specialist http://CareyMike.blogspot.com
|Moe Holm - Crye-Leike Realtors - http://www.callmoe.com
|Kaufmann Realty- Check out our website at www.k-krealty.com
|Fred Griesenauer / Barb Chalmers RE/MAX Real Estate Results Executive Broker
|Catherine Maxey - http://www.maxey1.com
|Century 21 Exclamation Realty, Don Richardson-Search the NW Arkansas MLS at: www.DonSoldit.com
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|Bob and Anne Matis - Hutchinson Real Estate - 479-855-9037
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|Kendra Murphy-Golden - Keller Williams 479-236-4784
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A hairy specimen of a man, usually with a balding head and disgusting feet.
"Eeew, look at that hattle, somebody needs to give him a pedicure, a backwax and a kick in the ass."
dari Krittle Selasa, 06 Mei 2008
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Email dikirim dari firstname.lastname@example.com. Kita nggak bakalan nge-spam kamu kok :).×


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Legacy Software Modernization Service (LSMS) with Application to JTIDS
Award Information
Small Business Information
Harmonia Holdings Group
2020 Kraft Drive, Suite 1000, Blacksburg, VA, -
Principal Investigator:
Marc Abrams
(540) 951-5901
(540) 951-5901
Business Contact:
Pallabi Saboo
(540) 951-5915
(540) 951-5915
Research Institution:
AbstractUnder MDA07-005, Harmonia is building a Legacy Software Modernization Service (LSMS) that leverages the Rise legacy software conversion tool developed on other SBIR work by Harmonia. The LSMS will be applied to the modernization of the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS), a mission-critical legacy system that has evolved over more than 30 years of development. The LSMS uses a hybrid approach combining the automatic translation of legacy code to modern languages with tools to enhance the understanding of legacy code, for instances when full automatic translation is not feasible. This work will enable easier maintenance and evolution of legacy code bases by also providing the capability to enhance existing legacy code bases with new capabilities written in modern languages that seamlessly interoperate with the existing legacy code. This work is extremely valuable in that it can be easily transitioned for use by many DoD, federal, and commercial programs that are trying to extend the life of legacy systems.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


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Peggy Farrar defeated three other candidates in the May 3 election to win the only contested seat on the board of the Foothills Park & Recreation District.
Farrar was declared the winner in Ward 2 in an unofficial result posted on the district's website. Farrar defeated incumbent Michael Bielkiewicz, as well as Chris Crippen and Scott Kennerly.
The lyrics of a song performed by the Family Dog String Band at Saturday's Alley Fest in Morrison couldn't have been more apt: "Let it rain, let it pour … I've got the deep alley blues."
The bluegrass band from Eldora was one of several musical groups that set up under canopies and played outdoors as drizzling rain fell.
A defendant being held on charges of first-degree burglary, aggravated robbery and identity theft in connection with a robbery at a home on South Taft Court is being sent to a state hospital for a competency evaluation.
David Ernest Mascarenas, 55, has been in the Jeffco jail since January, when a homeowner on South Taft Court was robbed after posting items for sale on Craigslist.
Five league titles and counting
LAKEWOOD — Fittingly to what has been a miserable spring season when it comes to weather, Columbine and Conifer girls lacrosse teams finished up the regular season in a cold and gloomy May 7 at Trailblazer Stadium.
DENVER — D'Evelyn's girls tennis program came up just short the last three seasons on grabbing a regional title.
That trend changed May 6 at Colorado Academy in Denver. The Jaguars, Class 4A Jeffco League champions, edged the host Mustangs after falling short to Colorado Academy last season and Kent Denver the two previous seasons.
LITTLETON — Seven straight victories in the Class 5A Jeffco League, along with winning the conference tournament, gave Dakota Ridge a legitimate argument to host one of the eight district tournaments Saturday, May 14.
LITTLETON — Chatfield senior Jenna Alvarez has handled her demotion better than most.
"Honestly, playing No. 2 doubles is frustrating after playing No. 1 doubles last year," Alvarez said during the Class 5A Region 8 girls tennis tournament May 5 at Ken Caryl Ranch House. "The girls at No. 1 doubles right now have been together so long it didn't make sense to split them up. I love my partner and we are doing so well."
LAKEWOOD — Dakota Ridge's girls 800-meter sprint medley relay team began the final day of the two-day Jeffco Elite Meet with a bang May 5 at Jeffco Stadium.
The all-senior relay team of Genevieve Cruz, Carina Wilkerson, Olivia Landers and Cayli Hume broke the school record when it won the first event on the track Thursday afternoon. The time of 1 minute, 49.29 seconds easily outdistanced the Eagles from Lakewood and D'Evelyn at the finish line.
Voters on Tuesday chose incumbent Kristina Moeder to continue serving on the board of the West Metro Fire Protection District in the only contested race.
Two other incumbents, Pam Feely and Wendy Volmerran, ran unopposed.
Moeder defeated challenger Michael Williams 186 votes to 64. Feely and Volmer received 224 and 216 votes, respectively.
In her campaign, Moeder pointed to the need for ensuring financial security for the district, as well as firefighter safety by providing apparatus and equipment.
Copyright © 2016
Columbine Courier is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in South Jefferson County, Colo., and the surrounding area.


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Picture yourself spending some time with congenial friends, sharing your lives and pictures from your cell phones." They're curious about that cool game, song, movie, camping trip, art show, or other event that fascinated you. You talk about all kinds of stuff, poetry, styles, personal achievements, relationships, and bad days. You can share your inner child, and laugh together. They sympathetically listen to your feelings about serious topics like politics or climate change, even when they don't agree.
Personal validation comes from paying attention to one another, giving more than you get. Everyone respects you and themselves, despite our amazing range of personal tastes and interests. They'll tell you they don't agree with an idea or behavior without implying you're a bad person or somehow deficient. It's an "I'm OK, You're OK" kind of fellowship, where nobody tries to make himself look better by picking on somebody else.
Nobody here is into mind games. A discussion started with a loaded guilt-throwing question will be deleted.
This group is not intended to compete with other groups on topics they cover but to "fill in the cracks." Whenever a discussion dwells at length on a topic for which there's an existing group, we urge you to provide members a link to that group to continue along their tangent.
A comment is a shout-out, which will get lost in a few days, because the comment wall is just a random stack.
Please start a discussion to share stories, photos, and videos. Replies will pop up in your "latest activity" and a conversation can develop from the feelings and thoughts you contributed. Groups are built on discussions.
Started by Loren Miller. Last reply by Joan Denoo yesterday. 22 Replies 3 Likes
The day finally arrived. Ken Ham's Ark Encounter opened on 7 July, 2016 ... to something a bit less than Disney-sized crowds, and more than a couple dissenting voices! Seth Andrews has gathered a quartet of significant participants in the protest…Continue
Tags: Tracey Moody, Dan Broadbent, Seth Andrews, David Silverman, AronRa
Started by Loren Miller. Last reply by Idaho Spud on Monday. 8 Replies 2 Likes
Any of you remember that Hollywood musical dance number mashup that Nerd Fest UK created put together some months back? Well, someone by the name of Lindsey McCutcheon has…Continue
Tags: Lindsey McCutcheon, animation, Disney
Started by Loren Miller. Last reply by Chris G Jul 20. 15 Replies 4 Likes
America's Best Christian has finally acknowledged that there may be one outfit which has her belief system beat for it's leverage on the government. No great surprise, it's the NRA and the gun industries. Betty's a good loser, though. She's made…Continue
Tags: NRA, guns, America's Best Christian, Betty Bowers
Started by Loren Miller. Last reply by Joan Denoo Jul 18. 10 Replies 6 Likes
Seth Andrews has been through the mill as it comes to dealing with those who insist that their faith in a deity is not just valid but necessary to their lives and to all lives. Having dealt with that gauntlet and come out the other side an atheist,…Continue
Tags: cancer, god, The Thinking Atheist, Seth Andrews
Started by Loren Miller. Last reply by Joan Denoo Jul 10. 3 Replies 4 Likes
It seems to be a repeating pattern: I wander around the internet and inevitably, I stumble onto all manner of stuff. It happens all the time on YouTube, and as you doubtless have deduced, yours truly tripped over something a couple minutes ago,…Continue
Tags: patriotism, labels, love, Ad Council, John Cena
Started by Loren Miller. Last reply by Qiana-Maieev Jul 4. 4 Replies 3 Likes
HEY, gang! Your favorite America's Best Christian, Betty Bowers is BACK and just in time for the Fourth of July!!! This time, she's hit it big, coming to us live and in color from the Capitol! Seems as though she's as upset about this whole "In…Continue
Tags: congress, god, Jesus, America's Best Christian, Betty Bowers
Brent, each person has to make their own decisions about how to respond to bullies.
As for myself, every bully I ever stood up to backed down like a splat of snot. I have stood up in court when challenged on a child abuse case, I have faced down a plumber who told me he knew what he was doing, when he clearly was making a mess of the project.
I guess fear goes after one has acquiesced as I did for 38 years. One day my dad came at me with his fist when we disagreed on how I was to manage my kids. I was 38, my kids were 10 years. old. We had run from an abusive husband and father. As my father approached me with his fist drawn back, I, sitting, lifted both my feet and shoved him as hard as I could. He did a back flop, the other side of a belly flop, and it knocked him out. When he came to consciousness I was standing over him and told him if her ever touched me I would sue him for everything he has and see that he got jail time.
That was the end of my fear. Once one crosses the line of being a victim to being in charge of ones' life, everything changes.
I am smart enough to know there are some situations over which I have no control, but with a little forethought, one can usually dodge the bullets and blows.
Stand tall, head held high, shoulders firm, feet anchored to the ground, a spine of steel and face the foe with competence and confidence. You do not exist to be a victim, nor a bully. You are human being worthy of respect and able to take care of yourself.
There are times you need help, or a shoulder to cry on. That is perfectly healthy and appropriate. So pick your friends carefully and get rid of the bullies in your life.
Happy Days!
Patricia, Joan, and Spud...I recommend a daily visit to LOLcats (or the Hotdogs page) until you get tired of it. Some of the other divisions of Cheezburger are...well...sick, but they may occasionally give some people a laugh or two. But the cats are still the best for giggles and AWWWWs.
Loren, Loren, Loren! You did it! Good for you.
Thanks for the lead to your blog!
Patricia, I love it. You are all decked out, even with a red flag. What a way to go. I will be thinking of you as you scoot by the daffodils and tulips. "Happy Trails to You!"
It's been said before in here, and elsewhere, that family is the people you happen to be born into; friends are the family you choose. Or something like that.
Hi Mindy, nice to meet you. =) Hope all is going well with you.
Thanks Ian. No, it hasn't been easy the last year-plus, but I (and my brother) have been hanging in as best as we can. We'll be all right, no matter what.
Don't blame you Spud. I'm pretty non-confrontational too, for the most part.
Thanks Flying. =) It's been a rough year-plus, no doubt. I'm glad my sister thought enough to ask me to help out with mom. It can be a bit of a strain at times, with the shuttling back-and-forth and what not, but I'm still glad to lend her a hand.
I have NO idea what that guy was so upset about either. I asked him why he objected to David's stuff and the plugging of his radio show, but he never answered AFAIK. Oh well...
I also avoid confrontation most of the time.
© 2016 Atheist Nexus. All rights reserved. Admin: Richard Haynes. Powered by


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Orbital cellulitis is a serious infection of the bony cavity in which the eyeball sits and the muscles and soft tissues that surround the eyeball. This cavity is called the orbit. It is surrounded by the sinuses. The sinuses are the hollow areas of the skull around the nose. Orbital cellulitis affects not only the eye, but also the eyelids, eyebrows, and cheeks.
If the infection is not treated, it can lead to blindness and nerve damage of the face.
This condition is more common in children. Factors that increase the risk of getting orbital cellulitis include:
Symptoms of orbital cellulitis include:
Orbital cellulitis can often be diagnosed by examining the eyes, teeth, and mouth. Your medical and family history will be taken.
Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with:
Images may be taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with:
Orbital cellulitis can worsen quickly. It usually requires hospitalization.
Medication used to treat orbital cellulitis include:
National Eye Institute
Retina International
Canadian Ophthalmological Society
Health Canada
Distinguishing periorbital from orbital cellulitis. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Mar 15;67(6):1349-1353. American Family Physician website. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0315/p1349a.html. Accessed May 26, 2015.
Orbital cellulitis. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated December 15, 2014. Accessed May 26, 2015.
Givner LB. Periorbital versus orbital cellulitis. Ped Infect Dis J. 2002; 21:1157-1158.
1/5/2015 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Pushker N, Tejwani LK, et al. Role of oral corticosteroids in orbital cellulitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(1):178-183.
Last reviewed May 2015 by Michael Woods, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.


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Investors need to see things from different angles
Are you being fiscally responsible?
Join the NASDAQ Community today and get free, instant access to portfolios, stock ratings, real-time alerts, and more!
Leading private equity firms -
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P.
) and TPG Capital LP - have agreed to settle a lawsuit that accused
them of pulling down the prices of leveraged buyouts (LBOs) through
collusion before the financial crisis. The defendants will be
paying $325 million in aggregate as the settlement amount.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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text:
We need to scrape the body of blog articles for our system (it's legit, I swear - we have a training blog and we want to display the content in help dialogs inside the system). The blogs are written on a 3rd party platform that produces HTML like so:

Title content

Byline content

Submission content

Post body part 1

some more post body not in a tag, however the user enters it

Even more post body

Tag content
I'm trying to get all the HTML content inside the post div, but excluding the title, byline, submissions, buttons, and tags sections.
If I run this jQuery:
I get back the entire content of the post div, including the unwanted headers/divs. I've tried various incantations of not, including :not, and Googling until my eyes hurt, to no avail.
Any ideas? Seems like it should be pretty easy, so I'm guessing I'm missing something? Thanks!


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Saturday, July 9, 2016
July 20, 2016
Saturday, July 9, 2016: (St. Augustine & Chinese companions)
Jesus said: "My people, the early Jewish prophets were sent out by Me to instruct the people and encourage them to stop worshiping pagan gods, and repent of their sins. You have read how Isaiah was purified by an ember from the altar that was placed on his lips. He was then sent out to proclaim My Word. All of My faithful are called as priests, prophets, and kings by your Baptism and Confirmation. It is everyone's calling to convert those people who do not know Me, and re-convert the fallen away Catholics. I have also called special faithful to share My prophetic Word as a preparation for the evil of the coming tribulation. My son, you have been sent out to also prepare the people for the coming Warning experience which will be like a near death experience in a review of your life. Just as Isaiah was purified by the angel touching a red hot ember to his lips, so My people need to confess their sins frequently in Confession to purify their souls. At the Warning some people will be awakened from their spiritual laziness by seeing a mini-judgment to hell. When they see hell and how they have offended Me in their sins, they will be eager to seek My forgiveness in Confession and change their lives. If the people do not improve their lives when they are placed back into their bodies, then their final judgment would be their mini-judgment. Take advantage of this opportunity for all sinners to repent and be saved."
Jesus said: "My people, the one world people will try to keep your President in power through martial law. He is doing everything to disarm your citizens and your military. He is making laws by his edicts, or he secretly does what he wants. He is secretly bringing in Muslim Syrian immigrants at night for votes and possible terrorists to cause a martial law takeover. The opposing party cannot pass legislation past the Senate filibuster or cloture, or your President's veto. He is secretly encouraging race disruptions so he can declare martial law. Everything is being done to prevent any Republican candidate from being President. Even if you have a revolt over a martial law takeover, the foreign troops will take you over. Be prepared to come to My refuges for your protection. You will have to be patient until My victory will come over the evil ones. Evil will reign for a short time, and then I will cast all the evil ones into hell. Trust in My victory, but evil will get worse first. At the end of the tribulation, I will bring My faithful into My Era of Peace."
Friday, July 8, 2016
July 20, 2016
Friday, July 8, 2016:
Jesus said: "My people, you can see in your news how some factions in your society are trying to foment race riots by the killing of African Americans, and now purposeful killings of your policemen. Each day you are seeing more signs that could lead up to a martial law being declared. I do not want My people to be fearful, but there has been some killings going on from terrorists and thugs paid to cause trouble. In the vision I am showing you another sign of the coming Warning by reminding you of a message I gave concerning how the Warning would come most likely in the football season. The best way to prepare yourself for My Warning experience, is to come to Confession frequently to keep your soul pure for My mini-judgment. You do not want to see a judgment to hell if I am not in your life. So be ready for My Warning by confessing your sins, and you will have very few unforgiven sins to answer for. As evil will be increasing, My people need to be prepared to leave for My refuges with your backpacks."
Jesus said: "My people, awhile back I had you buy two bicycles, head gear, and a hand pump to put air in the tires. This was to give you a backup means of transportation if your car was not working, or you could not buy the gas. My son, I have given you many projects to set up your own refuge. You may no longer need your bikes to get to your interim refuge, but they would be a backup if you had to leave for a final refuge. For those people who do not live at a refuge, it still would be a good backup to have some bikes available. When you leave for My refuges, your guardian angel will put an invisible shield around you, whether you are walking, driving a car, or riding bicycles. Trust in My protection when you need to come to My refuges. I have been preparing you for this time, so be ready to leave as soon as I tell you."
Thursday, July 7, 2016
July 20, 2016
Thursday, July 7, 2016:
Jesus said: "My son, in the Gospel you read of how I gave My apostles the power to heal people and cast out demons. These gifts were freely given, and so they did not expect any payment for their services. They were sent out with no money, and they were to accept a place to stay, and be fed with what the people gave them. My son, you have also been sent out to share My messages and proclaim the Kingdom of heaven is at hand. You have been traveling for over twenty years, and you do not accept any stipends, nor do you make money on your books and DVDs. The people take up collections to help you with your plane tickets when you fly, or your gas when you drive. They put you up in their homes to sleep, and they pay for your meals when they can. You pray over the people and share My messages. Your mission is to prepare the people for the coming tribulation of the Antichrist, and recently you have another mission of preparing a small refuge for forty people. I have given you the gifts you need, and the grace and money to carry out both missions. Give praise and thanks to Me for calling you to accept these missions. I thank you for saying 'yes' to My call."
Prayer Group:
Jesus said: "My people, what you are seeing in the news is that there are laws for the average person, but the elite seem to be above the law, and they are not held accountable for their actions. Even so, all of these one world people will have to come before Me in a judgment that they will not be able to avoid, or lie their way out of. You can still hear the words of 'careless and irresponsible'. You may not see fair judgments now, but in the end all of these real facts will see the light of day."
Jesus said: "My people, in the coming election you will find it difficult to really determine what the candidates really stand for. You will see each candidate trying to smear the other candidate, but there will be so much biased media coverage that it may be hard to sort out the real truth of what is said. Pray that you can discern the best candidate."
Jesus said: "My people, the Israelites fell away from their true faith in Me, and they started worshiping the pagan gods of Baal. My people of today are just as weak because of your sexual sins, and your worship of money and entertainment stars. Wake up America and see that worshiping Me is your only proper choice because without Me, you are nothing."
Jesus said: "My people, you are seeing many signs and military movements that can only point to a martial law that will take away your freedoms, and put you into the North American Union. The evil one world people not only want to stop your election, they want to control your souls as robots. Refuse any chips in your body so you are not controlled. Give thanks and praise to Me for protecting you at My refuges."
Jesus said: "My people, I can understand how some people are having a struggle with why I have not brought down My punishment on your society already. You do not see the big picture of how I am trying to save as many souls as possible. You are seeing My faithful grow stronger, while the devil is putting more evil into the world. Those people, who have been waiting, are about to be vindicated when world events will soon place the Antichrist into power. I have told My faithful to be prepared for a bloody battle of good against the evil ones."
Jesus said: "My people, you have seen some unrest before, but this is nothing compared to the evil that is coming. It is the plan of the one world people to try and control as many people as possible. They will try to exterminate all the people who believe in Me, and those people who will not go along with the new world order. My faithful will be very grateful for all the refuges that have been built as safe havens. Pray for My angel protection because there will be some people martyred for their faith in Me."
Jesus said: "My people, many of you have not only been waiting for the tribulation, but you are also awaiting My victory over all the evil ones. I will raise My faithful up into the air so you are not killed by My Comet of Chastisement that will bring My victory. Two-thirds of humanity will be killed, and all the evil ones will be cast into hell. This is their judgment for denying Me and trying to kill My faithful. Rejoice when I will renew the earth, and I will bring My faithful remnant into My Era of Peace. You will have your reward for being true to Me, despite all of the evil things that will happen."
Wednesday, July 6, 2016
July 20, 2016
Wednesday, July 6, 2016; (St. Maria Goretti)
Jesus said: "My people, you see all the pornography in magazines, on the internet, and all the prostitution rings, and then you wonder why women are raped and killed. The demons are using people's sexual weaknesses to tempt them into their sexual sins of fornication, adultery, prostitution, and rape. It is bad enough that rapes occur, but then the evil men are killing the women, and the women are using abortion and pills to kill My little ones. You are compounding one sin with an even worse sin of murder. When you see all of this evil in the world, then you know why I cannot hold back My hand of justice against your evil societies. America has been given many opportunities with your freedoms, but with your abuses, your freedoms will be taken away when you see martial law here. Pray for poor sinners so they will be converted."
Jesus said: "My people, I have been giving you many messages about the possibility of a martial law this year, and you have seen some signs of this in various states. I told you that I would give all of My faithful an interior message when it is time to leave for My refuges. I will warn you before the evil ones will try to capture all of the people on the 'red' list that they want to eliminate before martial law is declared. Once you leave for My refuges, your guardian angel will put an invisible shield over you and your vehicle. This is why I was showing you a vision of driving past foreign military people, and they did not see you. Be thankful that My angels will be protecting you at My refuges, and on the way to My refuges. You have just read about a leader of one left organization who wants to cause a riot and martial law at your conventions for President. The one world people are so set on starting martial law, that they will do anything to prevent the coming election. They do not want a new President who could upset their plans for a takeover of America. They are desperate to have you join the North American Union, so they can take away your rights, and make you into slaves for them. Trust in My protection from these evil ones, who I will soon cast into hell on My victory. No matter what the evil ones try to do, I will defeat all of their power and plans, as I will cast them into hell forever."
Tuesday, July 5, 2016
July 20, 2016
Tuesday, July 5, 2016: (St. Elizabeth of Portugal)
Jesus said: "My people, I am showing you a potential viral attack coming from the freemasons infested in My Church. The masons will be spreading their evil spells and curses on the people, and the people will not know where it is coming from. This will take a discernment of spirits to see how these masons are attacking My Eucharist for their black masses. If you see unusual practices and any change in the homilies, be aware of this potential evil coming into My churches. These evil ones are very deceptive, but you will sense the evil in their ways. Only a few holy souls can truly sense such an evil, but once it is confirmed, it would be better to go to another church. Eventually, My faithful will have to go to prayer groups in the homes for your meetings. When this division in My Church is widespread, you will then have to come to My refuges for your spiritual and physical protection."
Jesus said: "My people, every year your church offers a special retreat for the men, and later for the women. It is good to take some quiet time with Me at these three day weekend retreats. You have some time to check how your spiritual life is going since last year. When you have busy schedules, it is hard to find time for a weekend retreat. You make priorities for your other activities, so you need to set aside one weekend for Me. You have Mass, Confession, and Adoration of My Blessed Sacrament. You also have about three or four talks from the priests and the nun at your retreat. You even get introduced to some chosen books to help you with your spiritual reading. Making a regular retreat each year is food for your soul, and more people should take this opportunity to grow closer to Me. Your parish priests should encourage their parishioners to attend these retreats. I will bless you with extra graces for making the time to attend these retreats. Your lives pass by so quickly, so it is good to slow down, and take some time with Me."
Monday, July 4, 2016
July 20, 2016
Monday, July 4, 2016: (Independence Day)
Jesus said: "My people, today is your country's Independence Day, and you have had many heroes fight to obtain your freedoms. It is one thing to have physical freedom, but you need Me in your lives to have your spiritual freedom. It is because your people are not repenting of their sins, that you are seeing evil all over your society. Without worshiping Me on Sunday and your prayers, how am I going to help you without asking My help? You need to put My Name back in your public places to honor My Presence. Satan is winning if you take Me out of your lives. Do not let the atheists dictate their evil ways to you. Pray in public and let My Word be heard everywhere. Continue to pray for sinners and your country to live proper lives. Without attending to your spiritual lives, your country will decay with its moral decadence. Love Me and your neighbor in your actions, and your good example could be a model for others to follow."
Jesus said: "My people, you do not realize how close you are to a time of riots and martial law. A time is coming when there will be a reduction in food stamps, and you could see riots to obtain food. Some food will be distributed only to people with chips in the body at the detention centers. Eventually, the military could start eliminating people who will not take a chip, or who will not go along with the new world order. Once you see military vehicles controlling traffic, you will be seeing an unannounced martial law. This will be the time to come to My refuges, when your authorities are trying to trick the people to come to the detention death camps for food. This is again why I wanted My people to have a year's supply of food so you do not have to take a chip in the body to buy food. The food supply will be controlled to force people to get a chip in the body in order to buy their food. Refuse to take a chip in the body for food because I will feed you at My refuges. These chips in the body will control your free will, and you will be like robots if you take them. Trust in My protection at My refuges."
Sunday, July 3, 2016
July 5, 2016
Sunday, July 3, 2016: (our 51st Wedding Anniversary)
Jesus said: "My people, I sent My apostles out two by two to go out to preach to all the nations as priests who could offer Mass. I also appointed seventy-two deacon men to assist My apostles in preparing the towns to receive My message of the Kingdom of God. They were like your permanent deacons of today. You also have some temporary deacons who are being made ready to be ordained priests. It has been My Church's tradition to only ordain men to be deacons. Even in your churches today, you have deacons to assist your priests at Mass and in other duties. My son, you and your wife are not ordained ministers, but you have been called as one of My prophets of today to go out as two to spread My messages. My messages are preparing the people for My Warning and the coming tribulation, when people will come to My refuges for protection. You have been preparing the people for over twenty years, and now you see a real possibility of some drastic changes this year. Do not be complacent, because My people need to repent of their sins, and pray for the conversion of sinners for the coming tribulation. Trust in My help and protection at My refuges."
Saturday, July 2, 2016
July 5, 2016
Saturday, July 2, 2016:
Jesus said: "My son, you need to pray more for a discernment of spirits as you enter different churches. You are realizing how the evil people could be infested even in My Catholic Churches. This vision of a dark veil over the altar, is alerting you to the evil that is going on in My churches. I have told you how the freemasons are controlling things in various churches. You are also seeing the evil among the Muslims who are buying Catholic Churches and mocking the previous consecrated lands of those churches. You are in a battle of good over these evil ones. I told you about a coming division in My Church where the schismatic churches will spread their evil worship into most of My churches. This is why you will eventually have to pray and worship in your prayer groups and homes. Try and search for a holy and traditional priest who could sacrifice Mass at your homes and at your refuges. This evil will be spreading through My churches all over your country. You will have to pray My St. Michael prayer in the long form to fight the evil ones who are trying to attack My faithful remnant. Call on Me for the right prayers to protect your people, and I will send My angels to warn you of who you can trust as My servants. The evil ones hide in lamb's clothing to deceive you, so bind any evil spirits to the foot of My cross in My Name, Jesus, and discern the spirits of those people around you. Trust in My power which is greater than the evil ones' curses and spells. Live in My love and follow My Commandments, and I will protect your souls and bring you into My Era of Peace and later into heaven."
Jesus said: "My people, in your travels you have seen many signs and have heard from others how your military and the many UN troops are getting ready to carry out a martial law. Remember what I told you about the red list that are the people who will be picked up and killed before martial law is declared. The one world people want to eliminate all the people who believe in Me, and any leaders against the new world order. They want to make your takeover so quick, that it will be very hard to respond against it. I will give you My Warning and a notice when to leave for My refuges. You will be seeing an attempt to exterminate all Christians, just like in Germany when Hitler had the Jews, priests, and educated people massacred in the death camps. You will see people put on train cars with shackles, and they will be sent to the gas chambers and crematoriums. Many of My faithful will escape by fleeing to My refuges for My protection. Leave your homes quickly when I give the word, so you are not captured at your homes by the men in black of the UN foreign troops. Trust in My protection, as I am more powerful than all of the evil plans of the Antichrist."
Friday, July 1, 2016
July 5, 2016
Friday, July 1, 2016: (St. Junipero Serra)
Jesus said: "My people, in today's Gospel I called Levi, the tax collector, to follow Me. He immediately left his post, and I named him Matthew when he became one of My disciples. He invited Me to his house with all of his friends, and he pledged that he would no longer cheat people, and he would repay those people who felt cheated. I told him salvation came to his house for his conversion. The Pharisees were critical of My eating with tax collectors, so I told them: 'It is the sick or sinners who need a physician, because those who are self-righteous, do not desire My help.' I came to call sinners to repentance. All of you are sinners because you are weak to sin because of Adam's sin. Even St. John the apostle said that those people, who do not claim to be sinners, are liars. (I John 1:10) So if all of you are sinners, then I came to die on the cross for all of you. Those people, who refuse to repent of their sins, and refuse to accept My saving grace, are the lukewarm who I spew from My mouth. I want all souls to follow Me, as I desire to save all souls. It is those souls who refuse to follow Me and refuse to accept Me as their Savior, who will be lost forever in hell of their own free will. I call all of My faithful to follow Me and repent of their sins, and I will bring all of them with Me into heaven."
Jesus said: "My people of America, I am wishing you a happy birthday on the 240th Anniversary of your Declaration of Independence. You ask a difficult question because your nation started out in search of religious freedom, and you have My Name in your early documents. You have seen various organizations and individuals doing everything in their power to remove My Name and prayer from your schools and public buildings. You have also seen how the devil causes people to be so wrapped up in their events, parties, sports, and entertainment so they have no more room for Me in their lives. If you truly want to make Me more of a part of your lives, then try to think of Me in all that you do, and do things out of love for Me. It is your culture of death and your political correctness that has taken Me out of your schools and public places. If the Moslems can pray in public, then you can pray in public to Me as well. Do not feel that you are offending the atheists by praying to Me or speaking My Name in public. You have free speech and a freedom of religion right now. Do not let this separation of Church and State be allowed to run your lives, because this is not in your original laws. If your people praised and worshiped Me more, you would see less of My punishments coming upon you. Do not fear the evil people because I will be protecting you at My refuges. Give good example to others when you pray before meals in restaurants and wear My cross in public, even in the workplace. By showing your love for Me before people in public, I will witness your love to My heavenly Father. Why is it too hard for people to give Me only one hour a week in Sunday worship,when I give you so many hours in each week."
Thursday, June 30, 2016
July 5, 2016
Thursday, June 30, 2016: (First Martyrs of the Holy Roman Church)
Jesus said: "My people, you have seen the king of Northern Israel so proud of his city, and he did not want to hear the words of the prophet Amos. He wanted Amos to flee to Judah. Amos gave a prophecy how the king would be killed by the Assyrians and the people would be killed or exiled. Even today, you see the proud and the rich build their cities, and they do not want to hear My Word from My modern day prophets. You have heard in My messages, that because of your sexual sins and your worship of worldly things as money and possessions, America will also suffer a punishment from the one world people. These evil ones will take you over, and there will be martyrs for their faith in Me. I will protect My faithful remnant at My refuges, and you will see My Warning before the Antichrist's brief reign. Trust in My protection, as My power is greater than all of the evil ones."


text:
Well, Pinnacles became a national park this year, so I guess it needs its own stamp (featuring the California condor!).
Made for this app:
October 23, 2013
So excited that I finally get to share the remaining park stamps with you guys! These were created for the National Parks by National Geographic app.
See th...
February 25, 2013
Did these little stamp icons for the National Parks by National Geographic app. Download it for iPhone here.
See attachment for the full set of the first tw...
April 27, 2012
Stamps created for National Parks by National Geographic.
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- 2015
Cross-protection against European swine influenza viruses in the context of infection immunity against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus: studies in the pig model of influenza
2015) VETERINARY RESEARCH. 46. Mark(
- Vaccination-challenge studies with a Port Chalmers/73 (H3N2)-based swine influenza virus vaccine: reflections on vaccine strain updates and on the vaccine potency test
Lower seroreactivity to European than to North American H3N2 swine influenza viruses in humans, Luxembourg, 2010
2015) EUROSURVEILLANCE. 20(13). p.25-33 Mark(
- Cross-lineage antibody responses and protection upon vaccination with inactivated swine influenza virus vaccines
- A role for swine in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza viruses to humans?: lessons from serial passages and transmission studies in pigs
Role of substitutions in the hemagglutinin in the emergence of the 1968 pandemic influenza virus
2015) JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY. 89(23). p.12211-12216 Mark(
Molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses circulating within European swine between 2009 and 2013
2015) JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY. 89(19). p.9920-9931 Mark(
- Enhanced pig-to-pig transmission of a reassortant H9N2 influenza virus containing 2009 pandemic H1N1 internal genes by serial passaging in pigs
- 2014
- Cross-protection studies in pigs with the European H3N2 swine influenza virus and the North American swine-origin H3N2 'variant', a virus of public health concern
Review of influenza A virus in swine worldwide: a call for increased surveillance and research
2014) ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH. 61(1). p.4-17 Mark(


text:
website design
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text:
Hurler finds tattoos are taboo on the mound
SYRACUSE, N.Y. -- Wherever he pitches, Justin Miller is a marked man. Literally.
Multicolored tattoos of clowns almost entirely cover his left arm. This spring, umpires ruled the tattoos were a distraction to hitters and ordered the Toronto pitcher to wear a long-sleeved shirt under his uniform to cover them -- even though he throws right-handed.
"For me, my left arm shouldn't even be counted as a distraction. It's not part of my uniform, it's part of me," said Miller, who also has the words "love" and "hate" written on the knuckles of his pitching hand. "Right now, I just go along with what they tell me. The situation will take care of itself."
Miller spent most of 2002 as the fifth starter for the Toronto Blue Jays, then missed most of last season recovering from shoulder surgery. The flap over the tattoos surfaced during a spring training game in March.
Umpire supervisor Jim McKean said someone had complained. Miller said he saw it coming.
"It was something that always was in the back of my head," said Miller, who got his first tattoo at age 16 and someday hopes to have his whole body covered. "So when it came, it wasn't really that big of a shock, but at the same time I couldn't understand why."
Neither could Miller's teammates on the Triple-A Syracuse SkyChiefs, where he began the season.
"I thought it was a joke at first," Australian-born infielder Glenn Williams said. "But I guess that's the decision the umpires and Major League Baseball's made, and he just has to deal with it."
Miller is not the first pitcher to be disciplined for distracting hitters.
Johnny Allen, who from 1932-44 pitched for five teams (the New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians, St. Louis Browns, Brooklyn Dodgers, and New York Giants), touched off a rhubarb in 1938 for violating a rule stating "a pitcher's clothing will not be distracting."
Allen, who was famous for cutting the ends of his sleeves to let more air in (the Baseball Hall of Fame has one of his shirts), was repeatedly warned about the flying threads whenever he pitched.
"He was fined by Cleveland manager Oscar Vitt because he refused to change his shirt during a game against the Boston Red Sox," said Tim Wiles, research director for the Baseball Hall of Fame library in Cooperstown, N.Y.
Three summers ago, Arthur Rhodes, then with the Seattle Mariners, became incensed -- and both dugouts emptied -- when shortstop Omar Vizquel of the Cleveland Indians complained about the massive diamond-studded earrings Rhodes was wearing. Vizquel said the earrings, a gift from Rhodes' wife, were blinding and distracting. The umpires made the left-hander take them out.
In this age where athletes in many sports show body ink, Miller is the only pro to suffer any consequences, even though he is not violating a specific baseball rule.
"They're concerned, as they are with jewelry, that it would be distracting to the hitter," said Rich Levin, a spokesman for Major League Baseball. "It's just because he's a pitcher. Players said they were having a hard time picking up the ball."
In 1957, baseball passed Rule 1.11 E, which states that "no part of the uniform shall include a pattern that imitates or suggests the shape of a baseball."
The reason it was passed was because a baseball on a pitcher's uniform might befuddle a batter. And yet for years, the New York Mets logo had a baseball on the arm patch and the "P" on the uniform of the Philadelphia Phillies had twisted seams like a baseball.
"We don't know why, but those teams got away with it for a long time," Wiles said.
Miller, did, too, for a decade. Now, he might be the inspiration for the "Justin Miller Rule."
"If necessary, it probably will be addressed with some sort of rule change if our existing rules cannot be made applicable," said Sandy Alderson, executive vice president of baseball operations in the commissioner's office. "It's an unusual situation because the tattoo is so extensive. In the minds of some umpires, it's a legitimate distraction. It's not only a competitive issue, but a health and safety issue. We'll see where it comes out."
Miller, on the disabled list with a leg injury and rehabbing with the SkyChiefs, couldn't care less.
"Just give me the ball every five days," he said. "I pitch with or without sleeves. Naked. Whatever."
Copyright 2004 by The Associated Press
This story is from ESPN.com's automated news wire. Wire index
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Top 50 update


text:
Conn. tragedy leaves pain, questions
At this moment it seems like nothing else matters.
There's nothing to smile or laugh about. There's no holiday cheer because at least 18 children were killed–murdered in cold blood on a Friday morning in Connecticut. Most likely while they were sitting in their kindergarten class room.
Think about that for a moment. Kindergarten. Where the kids are 5 or 6 years old. It's an age before life becomes too complicated. When it is not supposed to be complicated. Certainly when it is not supposed to be marred by violence.
Senseless is the word that keeps turning around in my head. I keep asking why. Why would someone go into an elementary school and murder children?
We asked Dr. Mark Welleck, a psychiatrist, that question today when he joined us on the Bruce St. James show.
He said, "I'm supposed to be an expert on the human mind and human motivation and I don't get it either … we may never, ever know what was truly in that mind."
Welleck continued, "Our attempts to understand are really our attempts to not to feel so frightened … there are no reasons that will ever really be able to discern for sure and we each have to deal with our own pain and help our children deal with theirs. Asking why is understandable. But, there are lots of questions and there aren't answers."
The key, as Welleck put it, is to deal with our own pain.
That's what makes this school shooting different. The pain. Usually there is a certain type of detachment with these types of stories. But, there is no such thing here. The children are too young. They were too innocent.
Newtown, Conn., is a small New England town that's probably not that much different from the one where I grew up. But, it's a town that will never be the same.
We'll move on and start to have regular conversations filled with smiles and laughter a whole lot sooner than they will.
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