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56 reviews | 4.3 out of 5
Great value for a 50" plasma. Standard DVD's are breathtaking. Even standard def tv looks good on this set. Sounds great, looks very sharp on the wall. All around very happy. Cons: Remote could have been a little more substantial. No VGA in. Has 4 little nubs on back (I assume for use with some proprietary mounting system) which have to be removed before using a standard wall mount - all with absolutely no documentation for help. None of those cons take away at all from the fact that this would be a great tv for much more $$, let alone at the great price here.
I read a lot of the reviews on tv's before buying and was cautious going into the hdtv project. After shopping around, I found Walmart had competitve prices including the extended warranty. I've had this tv now for 3 months and I've watched to see if the price had dropped... it hadn't - which is a bonus for me buying when I did. So far, the tv has been great. Hadn't run into any of the problems others have had (reviews). Picture is great. I get my local channels with a rabbit ears antenna. I wasn't overly impressed with my satellite reciever and upgraded to the hd dvr a few weeks ago. Both the over the air and hd satellite channels are excellant. Hard to watch the regular 480i programming anymore. I did contiplate between a 720p/1080i set vs. the new 1080p sets. For the price I paid, I'm glad I went the 720p/1080i route. I'm still a ways off from buying a blu-ray but I do have a hd upconverting dvd players and those movies look as good as the broadcast & HD satellite programming. Regarding the features, there is no picture-in-picture or split-screening, but that is an easy trade for the price. If your looking for a good entry level hdtv and want something big, I think this is a good set.
This is by far a great HDTV at such a great price compared to other stores with the same TV. The picture is awesome. Very easy setup and would highly recommend this TV to anyone thats shopping for a HDTV.
I purchased this tv about six weeks ago. Its a great tv with great picture. Sound is to be expected with such a thin tv (not much room to put speakers). Plus when you buy a 50" plasma/lcd its suggested you get a seperate audio system. I got a dobby digital 7.1 which is awesome. The tv o/s is easy to operate, but if you went from a "dumb" tv it may be a bit of shock. The defualt picture was a little bright for my taste, but i lowered the brightness and its now good to go. A recommened product!
My husband and I have looked and researched for a plasma tv for about 2 months. Well, we are sooo happy with this purchase! The colors are so vibrant and the quality of the picture is awesome! We have HD channels and of course the picture, colors, quality is outstanding but I cant be anymore pleased with the "regular" channels too. We love this tv!! We have a 51" DLP projection tv that we replaced this one with. DLP is supposed to give the best "quality, vibrant" picture......This plasma tv blows that out of the water!! I cant say enough about this plasma. The features are great and easy to use. And you cant get a better deal for the price and quality of this tv!! You cant go wrong with this tv! You wont be sorry if you decide to buy this tv!
This is a great television. The picture is crystal clear. Make sure you have HDTV offered by your cable company. The difference in the analog broadcast vs. the HD broadcasts is night and day. The sound is better than I expected, but much better if connected to an external audio system. Does get a little warm. Would recommend putting the television in a larger room. Overall, I am very please with my purchase of this television.
The power supply failed on my Philips 50" HDTV after two weeks of operation. It took six weeks for Philips to get the unit repaired. There are progressive scan lines in the picture even with the unit connected to a Comcast HDTV box. The TV screen gets extremely hot. When I purchase another TV, it will not be made by Philips Electronics.
This is ONE GREAT tv. I'm very pickey about products I buy. I read the spec's and features on this model and it has everything including a built in 30 watt amplifier, which is great for a tv. It's got an equalizer, pixel plus and many, many more features not found on other sets. Phillips is a well known brand that you have little to no problems with. I can't believe the price Wal-mart is selling it for. It's not a bargain, it's a STEAL. I mounted mine on the optional mounting stand I also got at Wal-Mart and it really looks great. It's like being at the movies. If you want a nice 50" tv with great features and a GOOD PRICE, than this is the one for you. I very, very highly recommend it.
The picture on this TV is superb! Sound is very good as well. However I use a Dolby Digital reciever system for most movie watching.
Digital tuner is excellent. I am one who still use an outside tv antenna for my tv. The tuner pulls in all the analog broadcasts in my area no problem, just like my old tv did. It also picks up the digital broadcasts which are by far much more clearer. In addition there are many more digital channels being broadcast in my area than analog. When the TV autoprogrammed the channels it found fourteen analog stations compared with thirtyeight digital stations. And all these stations are free, over the air broadcasts with many of the programs in HD.
The setup menu was very simple and adjustments are very easy to make. I do like this tv alot.
However I did need to exchange it for another. The first one exhibited some problems making loud "clicks" and some times losing the picture and/or sound when it would click. The clicking sound was quite loud, it sounded like a relay being activatied.
One time when the unit was off, (and had been off for 18 hours) it started clicking. Four or five clicks then silent for awhile then a few more clicks. At this point I decided to exchange it.
I did read another post further down this thread where the reviewer indicates being able to se little green lights through the vent holes on the side of the tv. He states that Philips confirms that these lights should not be lit when the unit is off. When my tv was off, these lights would be on. Perhaps it is a faulty circuit board.
Anyway I have exchanged it and the second unit is working good so far. And I do not see the green lights when the unit is off.
After weeks of plasma vs. LCD research I found a plasma TV would be the best fit for me and my family considering our viewing habits. I shopped prices at a few of the big electronics stores and none could touch what I got for the price of this TV. Sure I could've paid $3,000 for a "big-name" 1080 LCD or 1080 plasma but I'm not about to pay that much money for a TV that will probably be technologically outdated in 5 years. Blacks are black and whites are white. Tons of color options. I LOVE IT and everyone else who's seen it loves it, too. Not too sure about the sound quality since I get my audio through a surround system. The only con is the remote. It's pretty much useless.
i bought this tv eight months ago. it was working fine then it got lines in it and would not come on half the time. so then wal mart swapped it my second one worked for four days. i will not buy another phillips tv. when it is working it great but it must be made out of cheap parts.
I purchased this TV on 1/01/08.
We installed the TV same day the picture is great
However two days later I noticed that the TV just cut itself off for no reason. I noticed this three different times. Also When I would turn the TV off
Sometime you would hear the relay in the back make a click sound other times you would hear nothing but the screen would shout down.
I called Philips They had me to reset the TV by unplugging the TV and then plug the power back in after a minute or so. This seemed to be a short term fix the TV would do the same again.
I took the TV back to exchange only to bring the second TV home and this TV sets in my home with the exact same problem. After Talking to Philips
I got them to confirm that both TV's that I have tried do have power board problems. The TV's were manufactured only one month apart.
Philips was of no help at all. They told me that since I had reset the board and it was working at the time that I was talking to them that there was nothing that they were going to do...
So after that remark from Philips I will be taking this TV back tomorrow to Wal-Mart for refund
And I will never purchase another Philips product
Again. If you research the net you will also see other people have had the same problem.
One word of advice if you own this set. Turn the set off and look through the back of the vent holes look to see if there are green led lights glowing after you turn the set off, You have the same problem as I do. This information is from Philips
They told me that there should be no lights coming from the boards in the back of the TV The lights should only glow only when the unit is turned on. One word for Wal-Mart They is great they stand by what they sell. I would buy form them again and again no matter how much money you spend they are great.
the color and sound quality is amazing, the tv is really heavy make sure you have a secure/sturdy tv stand....great buy
I had heard many terrible things about Philips in the past, but I figured with a 2 year warranty and Walmart's return policy, I'm pretty well covered. It is definitely heavier than most units this size, so I was weary of wall-mounting it. The glass base is surprisingly sturdy and very stylish, but if you have young kids, definitely get an entertainment center that's high enough to prevent little fingerprints.
After completing the initial setup, which gives a great amount of audio and video options in an easy-to-use on-screen menu, I started flipping through the channels that it had automatically found. Much to my delight, all of the HD channels from my cable provider were there, without even ordering the HDTV box that they said would be required (for an additional monthly fee). That is where the problems started though. After about 30 minutes, I noticed several thin, vertical, white lines forming on the left side of the screen. They persisted even after all of the troubleshooting steps on Philips' website. I called to have it repaired under warranty, they diagnosed the problem as a faulty logic panel, but Philips could not get anyone out to look at it for over 2 weeks. So I returned it to Walmart and got a replacement. That replacement has been working wonderfully, no complaints.
One point that I feel is absolutely above and beyond all other choices is the sound quality. While most people may be using a surround sound system with a TV this size, that's not currently in my budget. That's what stood out while I was looking at all of my choices. While it's not Dolby 5.1 or "shake the house with your bass" quality, by any stretch, it's certainly the best out of all the Sony, Vizio, and Magnavox TV's of the same size, only this Philips was hundreds of dollars less! Don't listen to the other reviews about picture quality, it's all a matter of personal experience and opinion. I would definitely recommend this to anyone who's just getting their feet into the door of large-screen HDTV's and are on a budget.
this tv lasted only 34 days before the "black screen" problem happened. do a search online youll see what im talking about. the product worked perfect, then suddenly the screen died, but the audio still worked. we took it back to walmart. i would not buy this.
This TV is the best purchase that I have made in a TV in a long time. The picture is clear and will knock your socks off!! With digital TV signal it is the best! Phillips has made a very good product. Plasma is much better than LCD when it comes to clarity of picture. I have two other Digital TVs that are LCD and they are not as good as my plasma in clarity. Thanks Walmart for having such fantastic deals as this. Oh I had purchased this same TV at Sams Club and it was $225.00 more so I took it back and got the very same TV for less through Walmart.com. Thanks again!!
Randy W.
Overall this TV has been really good. My whole family has fallen in love with it. When all the connections (the wires and any DVD Players) are done right the picture is really good. The regular speakers are good but if you have surround sound connected to it the experiece and quality is alot better. Thanks to Bose. Moving up from a 27" to this 50" is a huge difference. Thank you Wal-Mart. The only draw back is that there are no audio out-puts and when setting it up where you want it, it take two people. LOL. The experience was really enhanced when we watched "The Planet Earth" on it.
This TV is amazing. The setup is incredibly easy. Initial color, picture, and sound adjustments are in a super straight-forward walkthrough format, but the results are perfect. Within 25 minutes out of the box, the stand is assembled, the DVR or cable box hooked up, the initial setup completed, and jaw-dropping HD pictures are playing on the TV--so huge and clear you can watch your TV from the neighbor's house ;) If you are looking for a TV with picture-in-picture though, this one doesn't have that.


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The Investopedia Guide to Wall Speak: The Terms You Need to Know to Talk Like Cramer, Think Like Soros, and Buy Like BuffettHave you ever used a stochastic oscillator? Does your portfolio have spiders in it? Do you really know what a derivative is? From the creators of one of today's most popular investing Web sites, The Investopedia Guide to Wall Speak presents in-depth definitions of the site's most searched terms. Covering everything from the basics, such as asset, commodity, and index, to m...
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subset: commoncrawl


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Kudos on this plugin! I was looking for a plugin to allow private chatting within a group. It's perfect for a planning group to meet up and discuss items without it being public. This plugin also adds that little extra sizzle to make groups more useful.
My only beef with this plugin is I can't seem to see a way to clear the conversation threads.
Highly recommend this to add appeal for your group members!
Nice simple solution for creating a chat rooms. Have a clean and nice source code.
On activation have some fatal erros :) if groups in BP not active.
Some ideas:
Simple and efficient
BP 1.7 wp 3.5.1
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Mvix Nubbin MS-811N Wireless N USB Adapter
Setup and Installation
The mini CD-ROM included has driver packages for Vista and XP (x86 and x64). This means that it should also work in Windows 7 without any issues, as the Windows 7 driver model is very close to the Vista driver model. The installer is very straight forward and nothing much to talk about. Installing the Nubbin does require a restart to get the utility and Nubbin active.
After installation and the reboot you find a new utility working for you. This is probably one of the better wireless connection utilities I have worked with and shows a rather large amount of information as well as having more than a few options and tweaks for your Nubbin.
The Advanced tab lets you change the TX burst mode, TCP window sizes and to enable Fast Roaming.
Statistics is pretty self explanatory and is helpful to quickly show errors in transmission.
The WMM page allows you to enable, disable and setup advanced options for the WMM and WMM-PS options on the Nubbin.
The Wireless Protected Setup screen is pretty normal.
The CCX page is interesting; it gives you options to enable Cisco Compatible Extensions for use on Cisco wireless setups. Cisco has its own proprietary wireless LAN protocols and as such many 802.11 devices have problems connecting and functioning properly with Cisco equipment. By including the option to enable these, the Nubbin gives you more flexibility.
The About screen is also very much what you would expect.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
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Recommended for You
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Skip to comments.IS YOUR MASS VALID? Liturgical Abuse
Posted on 12/30/2002 12:04:21 PM PST by NYer
Firstly, Holy Sacrifice of the Mass is a term rarely heard today. Why use
that term? Before Modernism greatly influenced the Church, that was the term
understood for hundreds of years by every Catholic. This title explains fully
what the Mass really is - the very same Holy Sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the
Cross made present to us today in time. Absolutely nothing on earth could
possibly be even remotely more important. Once you understand this, then the
importance of a proper Holy Sacrifice of the Mass will become clearer. Vatican
II Sacrosanctum
Concilium explains in detail:
#2: For it is the liturgy through which, especially in the divine sacrifice of the
Eucharist, "the work of our redemption is accomplished," and it is through
the liturgy, especially, that the faithful are enabled to express in their lives and
manifest to others the mystery of Christ and the real nature of the true Church.
#7. To accomplish so great a work Christ is always present
in his Church, especially in her liturgical celebrations. He is present in the
sacrifice of the Mass not only in the person of his minister, "the same now
offering, through the ministry of priests, who formerly offered himself on the
cross, " but especially in the eucharistic species. by his power he is
present in the sacraments so that when anybody baptizes it is really Christ
himself who baptizes. He is present in his word since it is he himself who
speaks when the holy scriptures are read in the Church. Lastly, he is
present when the Church prays and sings, for he has promised "where two or
three are gathered together in my name there am I in the midst of them"
(Mt. 18:20).
Christ, indeed, always associates the Church with himself
in this great work in which God is perfectly glorified and men are sanctified.
the Church is his beloved Bride who calls to her Lord, and through him offers
worship to the eternal Father.
The liturgy, then, is rightly seen as an exercise of the
priestly office of Jesus Christ. It involves the presentation of man's
sanctification under the guise of signs perceptible by the senses and its
accomplishment in ways appropriate to each of these signs. In it full public
worship is performed by the Mystical Body of Jesus Christ, that is, by the Head
and his members.
From this it follows that every liturgical celebration,
because it is an action of Christ the Priest and of his Body, which is the
Church, is a sacred action surpassing all others. No other action of the Church
can equal its efficacy by the same title and to the same degree.
#8. In the earthly liturgy we take part in a foretaste
of that heavenly liturgy which is celebrated in the Holy City of Jerusalem
toward which we journey as pilgrims, where Christ is sitting at the right hand
of God, Minister of the holies and of the true tabernacle. With all the
warriors of the heavenly army we sing a hymn of glory to the Lord; venerating
the memory of the saints, we hope for some part and fellowship with them; we
eagerly await the Saviour, Our Lord Jesus Christ, until he our life shall
appear and we too will appear with him in glory.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church further explains:
#1330 "The memorial of the Lord's Passion and
Resurrection. The Holy Sacrifice, because it makes present the one sacrifice of
Christ the Savior and includes the Church's offering. The terms holy
sacrifice of the Mass, 'sacrifice of praise,' spiritual sacrifice, pure and holy
sacrifice are also used, since it completes and surpasses all the sacrifices of
the Old Covenant."
#1366 "The Eucharist is thus a sacrifice because it re-presents
(makes present) the sacrifice of the cross, because it is its memorial and because it applies its fruit:
[Christ], our Lord and God, was once and for all to offer himself to God the Father by his death on the altar of the cross, to accomplish there an everlasting redemption.
But because his priesthood was not to end with his death, at the Last Supper
'on the night when he was betrayed,' [he wanted] to leave to his beloved spouse the Church a visible sacrifice (as the nature of man demands) by which the bloody sacrifice which he was to accomplish once for all on the cross would be re-presented,
its memory perpetuated until the end of the world, and its salutary power be applied to the forgiveness of the sins we daily
#1367 "The sacrifice of Christ and the sacrifice of the Eucharist are
one single sacrifice: 'The victim is one and the same: the same now offers through the ministry of priests, who then offered himself on
the cross; only the manner of offering is different.' 'In this divine sacrifice which is celebrated in the Mass, the same Christ who
offered himself once in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross is contained and is offered in an unbloody
#1368 "The Eucharist is also the sacrifice of the Church. The Church
which is the Body of Christ participates in the offering of her Head. With him, she herself is offered whole and entire. She unites herself
to his intercession with the Father for all men. In the Eucharist the sacrifice of Christ becomes also the sacrifice of the members of his
Body. The lives of the faithful, their praise, sufferings, prayer, and work, are united with those of Christ and with his total offering, and
so acquire a new value. Christ's sacrifice present on the altar makes it possible for all generations of Christians to be united with his offering."
Canon Law reconfirms the truth:
Canon 897:
"The most venerable sacrament is the blessed Eucharist, in which Christ the
Lord himself is contained, offered and received, and by which the Church continually lives
and grows. The eucharistic Sacrifice, the memorial of the death and resurrection of the
Lord, in which the Sacrifice of the cross is forever perpetuated, is the summit and the
source of all worship and Christian life. By means of it the unity of God's people is
signified and brought about, and the building up of the body of Christ is perfected. The
other sacraments and all the apostolic works of Christ are bound up with, and directed to,
the blessed Eucharist."
Clearly then, the Mass is not a "meal." - it is a Sacrifice. This
is dogma.
God Bless!
<> It is both Sacrifice and Banquet<>
Good for you!! And it worked ... that's good news for me!
I have just written to the Albany Diocese for Divine Worship and Liturgy, the USCCB Office of Worship, EWTN, RCF, and copied the bishop regarding the introduction of Liturgical Dance into my parish. In fact, the diocesan newspaper ran a full length story, replete with color photographs, of another parish where this has become quite the norm. So much so, that they are planning to create videotapes and distribute them across the country, to motivate other parishes. Over my dead body!
According to everything I have read, Liturgical Dance was banned by a directive of the USCCB in 1982. It was included in Vatican II as a means of inculturating Polynesians, Africans and others who have traditionally danced as part of their liturgy. That is not the case in the US. It bothered me that the DRE was asking my Confirmation students to volunteer for the dance and she would teach them the movements ... using what guideline? Her own? The pastor's? The pastor had planned on incorporating it into the liturgy at the Christmas Eve mass ... it didn't happen. He is miffed ... since he felt it was a good idea.
You have made an excellent point ... WE are the church.
Once in my parish I went to a Parish Council meeting regarding the litergy. I suggested that after the mass everyone in the congregation say the prayer to St. Michael. You should have seen the looks on everyones face - you would have thought I had green hair and purple eyes!
Yes, I do believe that is a large part of the problem. At least, that is what I am discovering as I plow my way through the "small" abuses. These are like trial balloons intended to test the waters of the congregation. As you well know, many catholics rarely question change. Instead, if they are truly displeased or upset, they simply stop going to mass. They "assume" that the priest (and his bishop) are complying with doctrine. Not necessarily so!
The other part of this story is that a group of liberal thinkers have used VaticanII to promulgate their own wishes. Just wait til you see the story I post tomorrow. There is a new lawsuit against the Albany Diocese and this one extends to the Director of Counseling for the Laity. She is being used by the bishop to manipulate the "victims of sexual abuse" into accepting a one time settlement, instead of actually counseling them. She is rather well known across the US.
We always have a prayer for the "Respect for Life, born and unborn" in our Prayers of the Faithful.
You are free to say the prayer to St. Michael.
Why would you want to insist that everyone else in your parish take up your private devotion?
My brother in law, when celebrating Life Teen Masses in his Parish, will invite the teens to come up around the altar with the intention of being at the feet of Christ during His sacrifice, much like His mother Mary, and the Beloved Disciple. He is in no way giving them the impression that their presence is required for the Consecration; he is simply including them in a direct way so as to focus their attention on JESUS and the sacrifice He made for them. If I remember right, they kneel during the actual Consecration, only rising after the Memorial Acclamation. Not all the teens attending the Mass gather around the altar, but those who do are very reverent, and understand why they are there.
Holding hands during the Our Father has become commonplace, but it is an illicit addition to the Liturgy. Clarifications and Interpretations of the GIRM ["Notitiae" Vol. XI (1975) p. 226] explains:
". . .holding hands is a sign of intimacy and not reconciliation, and as such disrupts the flow of the Sacramental signs in the Mass which leads to the Sacramental sign of intimacy with Christ and our neighbor, Holy Communion."
I would interpret that statement to mean, leave me alone. Do not reach over two pews at the sparsely attended daily mass to grasp my hand so that we may stand contorted in some "Twister" type posture. How do you interpret it? I try to sit as distant as possible in those settings, to avoid the indignity.
Such a non-statement. Church-ese. He should add, obviously the most dignified posture is with your hands folded as if in PRAYER! That's the way to do it! Any other way is strictly forbidden. Wouldn't it be nice if a heirarch wrote like that?
Yeah? So? He might as well have said "Do what you feel like. The Church has no rules concerning the matter. Therefore, I'm not going to impose any. Just do what you think fits your personal definition of dignified. Unity is no concern here."
My point is that the good bishop didn't say much of anything. Your defense of him is that he hid behind the nonexistent mandate of the church and call it toeing the line. My suggestion is that he draw his own line, at least in his own diocese. Just a thought.
LOL!! Thanks for making my day. I've witnessed these contortions at sparsely attended masses.
Sitetest I don't doubt that Chaput is well meaninged but here again, personal interpretations can lead to misunderstangings, especially among congregants. Just watch the facial reaction when a group of hand holders extends their reach to someone who chooses not to participate.
Here is one more example of Vatican II blown out of proportion. A little help has now become an army of ministers who dip into the cup with their heavily perfumed fingers. Don't know where those hands were before they held the host or cup. Nor do I appreciate sipping the Blood of Christ from a cup which reeks of Old Spice.
i>And believe it or not, several people have left that parish over it.
Left because they can't serve as Eucharist ministers?
Having said that, I also believe that the Holy Bible is indeed the inspired Word of God and trumps the "traditions" and "catechism" of the RCC for instruction to the believer.
I love the Lord Jesus with all my heart and have given Him my life. When I read that He died once for all time and then sat down at the right hand of the Father, I can understand how He, the Father and the Holy Ghost could be offended by those who just won't let Him come down off of the cross because they feel they are doing Him service by continuing to crucify Him afresh at every opportunity!
Can you not see that you are exalting your man-made traditions over the very Word Himself?
The USCCB has weighed in. The old Sacramentary does not allow either hand holding or the orans gesture, thus neither are licit. The new Sacramentary allows the orans gesture but has not been approved by the Holy See, thus hand holding and the orans gesture are still illicit, despite what Chaput thinks or writes. He thinks if the GIRM doesn't explicitly prohibit something then it's alright. He is mistaken.
November 10, 2002 Copyright © by United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
Many Catholics are in the habit of holding their hands in the Orans posture during the Lords prayer along with the celebrant. Some do this on their own as a private devotional posture while some congregations make it a general practice for their communities.
Is this practice permissible under the current rubrics, either as a private practice not something adopted by a particular parish as a communal gesture? What is the status of the bishops proposal to include this practice as part of the liturgical norms for the US?
No position is prescribed in the present Sacramentary for an assembly gesture during the Lords Prayer. While the recently approved revised Sacramentary does provide for the use of the orans gesture by members of the assembly during the Lords Prayer, the revised Sacramentary may not be used until it has been confirmed by the Holy See. I might also note that in the course of its discussion of the this question, the Bishops Committee on the Liturgy expressed a strong preference for the orans gesture over the holding of hands since the focus of the Lords Prayer is a prayer to the Father and not primarily an expression of community and fellowship.
Committee on the Liturgy
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
3211 4th Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20017-1194 (202) 541-3060
<> I appreciate the question and especially the opening. I don't think you do intend disrespect.
I do think you did the right thing to leave the Catholic Church if you think that we Re-Crucify Him Daily. But that is not what Christian Doctrine about the Mass is.
Instead of a link, or a long post, suffice it to say that the Mass is the action of Jesus Himself, acting through the Priesthood He established, offering Himself to God as a sacrifice of propitiation on our behalf. His action makes present in time the Once-for-all Sacrifice of Calavry for our spiritual revification. We are quickened by His superabundant Grace. It is His way of distributing His Grace and Christians merely follow His commandment in celebrating the Eucharist.
Jesus came for our Salvation;He became our Kin to ransom us from Slavery to Sin/Devil; and He Himself established the Way we are to offer Worship to Him. It was His idea, not ours<>
Your "education" notwithstanding, I believe you are.
What is the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass?
This title explains fully what the Mass really is - the very same Holy Sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the Cross made present to us today in time.
#2: For it is the liturgy through which, especially in the divine sacrifice of the Eucharist, the work of our redemption is accomplished,
The Word says that my redemption was made at Calvary
one time.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church further explains:
#1330 The memorial of the Lord's Passion and Resurrection. The Holy Sacrifice, because it makes present the one sacrifice of Christ the Savior
Which is it
Memorial? Or Actual Sacrifice of Christ made present? If the latter, then according to your doctrine my dear Lord is still suffering on that cruel cross :(
#1366 The Eucharist is thus a sacrifice because it re-presents (makes present) the sacrifice of the cross, because it is its memorial and because it applies its fruit:
#1367 The sacrifice of Christ and the sacrifice of the Eucharist are one single sacrifice: 'The victim is one and the same: the same now offers through the ministry of priests, who then offered himself on the cross; only the manner of offering is different.' 'In this divine sacrifice which is celebrated in the Mass, the same Christ who offered himself once in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross is contained and is offered in an unbloody manner.'"
I could go on, but frankly, it is not edifying for me to continually strive in this manner. The Word of God plainly instructs the reader/hearer on this in Hebrews Chapter 12.
Of course, you will accuse me of YOPIOS. So be it. The word of God is true. Even a child who is sincerely hungry for the truth can understand it. Traditions and Catechisms, on the other hand, take men to devise. Thus setting up and perpetuating an official teaching authority to certify true meaning.
I thank my God, through Jesus Christ, for sending his believers the Holy Ghost to lead and to guide them in all righteousness and truth. Nicodemus was also part of the teaching authority and yet even he couldnt come to grips with what Jesus was saying to him about the need to be born again.
LOL....Nicodemus was the first catholic? :)
<> Jesus sent the Holy Spirit upon His Church to Teach it all truth and Jesus said His Church is the Pillar and Ground of Truth. That Christian Catholic Church has always celebrated the Mass - that is what "ministering to the Lord" means.
As I see it, you are stuck on the horns of a dilemma having to reconcile Jesus' words with yours. It is an impossibility. I will follow Jesus' words and those that have kept them since Pentecost.<>
Huh? I'm only trying to point out what I have come to know through the enlightenment of the Holy Ghost. If you don't want to accept my first-hand testimony it still doesn't change it. You simply don't believe (nor did I when I was RC). Neither did Saul of Tarsus.
If you have experienced Pentecost you would hear and understand and agree with what it is I am saying. There is a difference between "religion" and "reality" when it comes to a saving relationship with God Almighty.
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text:
Wants to Meet Up
- Last login about 2 months ago
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About Me
My mission is to spread a kind word among all that I meet. Sure the kind word can be wrapped up in strong dense criticism sometimes, but thats just cause I love you! I love Funky Stuff and crazy other things that people love to create. Creation is the key
I am a simple guy. Others have called me many things... Smart, an intellectual, a second coming of Socrates I have even gotten. All of these I just wish people take as aspects of Taylor. I am infected with a bug, the hunger for experience. I do not mind what the experience is, just that I do not miss it. I cannot waste my present by thinking about the future. I cannot escape my past by never having known it. I have travelled half way around the world for love. I have lost, but I have grown. Fear and no fear are equally needed for evolution.
Anything that calls us to search for new and exciting adventures while keeping our roots in the simplicity that is Nature and the Universe, existence just is...
Just be driven to further and strengthen and develop your spiritual body.
Why I'm on Couchsurfing
I am back from Europe.
I hope to continue where I left off, at home, and with friends. I work with the more alternative crowd, making art and planning events at local places. Please come to me and ask for ideas in town. Worcester does have it's gems and I know where they are. I promote for local business, and local artist because I find a sense of community there. Caring for others is a way to nourish the heart and soul. We all share a spirit and I try to share as much of my slice as I can.
I have travelled on foot for more than a month and have been welcomed into homes across boarders with nothing more to offer than my company and my ear, maybe a shoulder to cry on when no one else is there. I have found that believing in the good of others and trusting them can really allow someone to rise to the occasion.
Literally everything. From the atoms that make up universes, to the chemicals that keep us healthy, tell me something new and I will love you even more than I just inherently do!
- arts
- make up
- business
Music, Movies, and Books
Any movie that isnt redone, overdone, or made for money mongers. Any music that makes my insides jump and dance all around! I love to read anything fantasy, science, idk, gimme it and Ill check it out
One Amazing Thing I've Done
I have helped a fellow human.
I have seen other miracles.
I have been penetrated by compassion.
I have been reduced to ruble by love.
I have felt the weight of sins of the past on the shoulders.
I have left those sins at the foot of faith itself and watched them disappear.
Just to name a few things.
Teach, Learn, Share
I cannot condense... imagine this full, and then imagine me reciting it to you when we meet in person! But just know, I love you and I love what you want to teach me.
Countries I've Visited
France, Ireland, United Kingdom
Countries I've Lived In
Spain, United States


text:
Original Paper
Diffuse light-scattering properties of nanocracked and porous MoO3 films self-formed by electrodeposition and thermal annealing
Version of Record online: 19 JUL 2012
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201228137
Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
physica status solidi (a)
Volume 209, Issue 11, pages 2161–2166, November 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Ko, Y. H., Raju, G. S. R., Kim, S. and Yu, J. S. (2012), Diffuse light-scattering properties of nanocracked and porous MoO3 films self-formed by electrodeposition and thermal annealing. Phys. Status Solidi A, 209: 2161–2166. doi: 10.1002/pssa.201228137
Publication History
- Issue online: 19 NOV 2012
- Version of Record online: 19 JUL 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: 27 JUN 2012
- Manuscript Revised: 13 JUN 2012
- Manuscript Received: 1 MAR 2012
Funded by
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. Grant Number: 2011-0026393
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- diffuse light scattering;
- electrodeposition;
- molybdenum trioxide;
- nanocracked;
- thermal annealing
We report the diffuse light-scattering properties of nanocracked and porous molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), caused by the enhanced light diffraction due to high surface roughness as well as narrow slit-like structures. By utilizing the electrodeposition and thermal annealing processes, the hydrous and amorphous molybdenum oxide films were changed into crystallized MoO3 films with self-formed nanocracks and rough surface. From the theoretical analysis of the light behavior passing through the morphology of MoO3 films, a considerable diffuse light scattering was predicted. In order to optimize the light-scattering property, the structural and optical characteristics of MoO3 films on ITO/glass at different applied voltages were investigated. For a proper applied voltage of 2 V, widely distributed nanocracks and rough surface were observed, leading to the enhanced diffuse transmittance of 54% at λ ∼ 410 nm. Additionally, the fabricated MoO3 films on ITO/glass exhibited a more hydrophilic surface.


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Marion Nestle is a consumer activist, nutritionist, and academic who specializes in the politics of food and dietary choice. Nestle received her BA, PhD, and MPH from the University of California, Berkeley. In 1988, Nestle was appointed Chair of New York University's Steinhardt School of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health. She held that position until 2004, when she became the Paulette Goddard Professor in the same department.
Nestle is the author of numerous books, including "Food Politics," which explored the way corporations influence our nutritional choices, and "What to Eat," an survey of how to navigate the modern American supermarket. Aside from her books and teaching, Nestle writes a popular blog for the Atlantic Food Channel.
Marion Nestle: Well the Food and Drug Administration says that adding bovine growth hormone to cows who are producing milk produces milk that's identical to cows who haven't been treated, and that's why it's not labeled. I think for a lot of people the idea that cows are being artificially treated in a way that will cause them to produce more milk is not particularly good for the cow. It's not natural. It's not what nature intended. They don't like it. They're worried about it. It's very difficult to prove that a food, or a hormone, or an ingredient in a food is perfectly safe. That's really difficult to prove. It's also hard to prove that it's harmful in any way that's measurable. People eat very complicated diets. Milk is only one portion of the diet that people eat. But they would rather not have it. It's hard to explain to a consumer why you need to have this hormone in the milk. It doesn't seem necessary, and so why have it?


text:
HIV & AIDS Health Center
Dangerous Intersection of Drug Use and Sexual HIV Transmission Points to Critical Need for Comprehensive HIV Prevention
In this article
Sharing syringes and other equipment for drug injection is a well known route of HIV transmission, yet injection drug use contributes to the epidemic's spread far beyond the circle of those who inject. People who have sex with an injection drug user (IDU) also are at risk for infection through the sexual transmission of HIV. Also, children born to mothers who contracted HIV through sharing needles or having sex with an IDU may become infected as well.
Since the epidemic began, injection drug use has directly and indirectly accounted for more than one-third (36%) of AIDS cases in the United States. This disturbing trend appears to be continuing. Of the 48,269 new cases of AIDS reported in 1998, 15,024 (31%) were IDU-associated.
Recommended Related to HIV/AIDS
Caring for Someone With HIV or AIDS
Caring for a loved one with AIDS can be an exhausting task, both physically and emotionally. It involves managing the physical and practical aspects of your loved one's care while struggling with the emotions of seeing someone you care for suffer and fearing the eventual outcome of the disease. It also requires taking care of yourself -- managing the stress of caregiving and keeping yourself healthy -- so you can provide the care your loved one needs. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is...
Read the Caring for Someone With HIV or AIDS article > >
Racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States are most heavily affected by IDU-associated AIDS. In 1998, IDUs accounted for 36% of all AIDS cases among both African American and Hispanic adults and adolescents, compared with 22% of all cases among white adults/adolescents.
IDU-associated AIDS accounts for a larger proportion of cases among women than among men. Since the epidemic began, 59% of all AIDS cases among women have been attributed to injection drug use or sex with partners who inject drugs, compared with 31% of cases among men.
Noninjection drugs (such as "crack" cocaine) also contribute to the spread of the epidemic when users trade sex for drugs or money, or when they engage in risky sexual behaviors that they might not engage in when sober. One CDC study of more than 2,000 young adults in three inner-city neighborhoods found that crack smokers were three times more likely to be infected with HIV than non-smokers.
Preventive Strategies for IDUs Must Be Comprehensive
Comprehensive HIV prevention interventions for substance abusers must provide education on how to prevent transmission through sex.
Numerous studies have documented that drug users are at risk for HIV through both drug-related and sexual behaviors, which places their partners at risk as well. Comprehensive programs must provide the information, skills, and support necessary to reduce both risks. Researchers have found that many interventions aimed at reducing sexual risk behaviors among drug users have significantly increased the practice of safer sex (e.g., using condoms, avoiding unprotected sex) among participants.


text:
Skip to Main Content
Historically, the lighting of roads and streets was introduced to combat the crime rate. Although this is still a major consideration in justifying the installations of road lighting, the chief criterion now is the reduction of the night-time accident rate. Visual performance is considerably poorer at night than by day, particularly with respect to contrast sensitivity. Road lighting is, therefore, designed to maximise the contrast of objects on and near the road by producing as high a luminance of the road surface and surroundings as possible. Objects then generally appear as silhouettes against a bright background. The performance of a road-lighting installation depends on the lantern light distribution, the light source, the road-surface reflection characteristics and the installation geometry. It is possible to calculate the performance of the lighting in terms of road-surface luminance and uniformity and of glare. Direct measures of visibility have also been proposed. Design methods and standards/codes of practice to ensure a reasonable quality of road lighting vary considerably from one country to another. The British Standard is in course of revision, and some radical changes in design method may be adopted. A certain variation in performance of the resulting installations, however, is inevitable, principally because of the differences that exist in the reflection characteristics of road surfaces. Economic considerations mean that only two light sources are serious contenders for modern traffic-route lighting in the UK: low- and high-pressure sodium. Capital cost, luminous efficacy and life are key factors in costing road lighting. Finally, one form of road lighting that poses quite different problems is that for tunnels. The determination of adequate lighting by day has prompted a considerable amount of research.


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QB Mitchell Gale discusses what he needs to do to prepare for this week should his number be called against the Alouettes.
Head Coach Chris Jones addressed the media following practice today and discussed what Mitchell Gale has to do to be ready this week should his number be called.
For the fourth week in a row, the Riders Tyler Crapigna hit three or more field goals with a fantastic five-for-five effort Friday night at home in the Riders first win over the season 30-29 ...
Darian Durant discusses what he needs to do to return to the field.
Head Coach Chris Jones met with the media following today's practice.


text: my site sells very expensive items in addition to inexpensive. i want to enable checkout for the inexpensive items, but for the categories that consist of expensive items, i want only to be sent and inquiry email, so that i can contact the customer and work out details. I am not finding a plugin or code add-on that handles this exactly


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As many as half of all unauthorized immigrants in the United States entered legally and overstayed a visa. This article explores a possible way to refine visa policies: Examine the economic growth of travelers' home countries. The author examines the correlation between economic growth and the rate at which a country's nationals are denied visas, and explores how this might inform visa policy.
Read Article
The Brazilian immigrant population in the United States doubled during the 1980s and almost tripled in the 1990s, but stabilized following the Great Recession. While this population has long included a significant share of unauthorized immigrants, Brazilians are increasingly coming to the United States through family, employment, and study channels. Learn more about Brazilian immigrants with this Spotlight.
News of the Zika virus outbreak in Latin America has raised alarm bells, resulting in scattered calls for tighter restrictions on international entries to the United States. Evidence shows, however, that closing borders and restrictions on international travel tend to have little impact on the spread of infectious diseases. This feature article explores the linkages between public health and migration in the Americas.
A split ruling by the Supreme Court in United States v. Texas has dealt a hard blow to the Obama administration's signature deferred action programs. While the decision makes it unlikely the DAPA program and DACA expansion will be implemented in their current form, the outcome at the high court may have opened a path for renewed movement on immigration policy changes in Congress, as this article explores.
Movements of migrants and asylum seekers in the Mediterranean have shown to be highly fluid, adapting quickly to changing conditions at origin, transit, and destination. This article examines the shifts in flows across the three major Mediterranean routes since 2008 and the complex web of often interconnected factors underpinning these movements.
While Poland held a generally positive opinion of immigration throughout the early 2000s, public attitudes toward refugees have shifted decidedly rightward since the onset of Europe's migration and refugee crisis. This article explores the complex, intersecting anxieties at play in Poland and the role of political rhetoric in stoking these sentiments
Whether as migrant-sending or migrant-receiving locations—or both—many countries have rich, complex international and internal migration histories. MPI's online journal, the Migration Information Source, offers profiles of more than 70 nations. Written by leading scholars, these profiles delve into countries' migration histories, demographics, policymaking, and more.
Drawing on a case study of two Hmong refugee populations from Laos that were resettled in a major Texas city and a German village, this article explores the different approaches to immigrant integration found in the United States and Germany as well as the outcomes for the Hmong and their sense of belonging in their new communities.
As Central American child migrant flows have returned to their precrisis level, challenges remain concerning the fate of tens of thousands of newly arrived children and families now residing in the United States pending immigration court hearings. Meanwhile, Congress has declined to authorize new funding to address the situation.
Central American migrants have long hopped freight trains known as "La Bestia," or the beast, to get through Mexico en route to the United States. While Mexico has been accused of turning a blind eye to this traffic, U.S. outcry over the surge of unaccompanied child migrants has drawn new attention to the use of the trains. This article highlights the journey aboard the trains, the dangers faced by migrants, and responses by the Mexican government and others.
The once-tiny population of Vietnamese immigrants in the United States has grown to become the country's sixth largest foreign-born group in the span of several decades, with the first wave beginning at the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. This data profile examines the Vietnamese immigrant population by size, recency of arrival, top states and cities of settlement, college education, sending of remittances, and much more.


text: if the Cash actually exists, what does that do to your arguement of 90% of the revenue is made up? Over 100 million in cash had to come from somewhere, as in actual Sales. And so your responce to that is never mind. Go onto box number 3. Some guy from Florida 5 years ago that has nothing to do with the company. When are you going to tie NQ in with the Kennedy Assasination?


text:
Four-level transmission-type surface relief grating profiles with nearly flat efficiency over a spectral octave are designed by rigorous electromagnetic diffraction theory. Parametric optimization of the relief depths and transition points of the profile steps of these leads to efficiencies in the range 50–60% over the entire octave if the ratio of the grating period and the mean spectral wavelength is greater than ~ 3.
© 2006 Optical Society of America
1. Introduction
There is increasing demand for compact and low-cost spectrometers in, e.g., environmental, biological, and chemical sensing, and in process analysis [1–4]. High spectral resolution is not necessarily required — sometimes it is sufficient to resolve only tens of adjacent spectral channels or to monitor just a few characteristic spectral features — but the dispersion must typically be moderately high to achieve a compact design. The spectral range should often be wide (perhaps extending over an octave), and reasonably uniform spectral (and spatial) response is much preferred, particularly in pushbroom imaging spectrometers, to obtain fast and accurate spectral measurements [5–8].
There are several good reasons to employ transmission gratings rather than reflection gratings in compact imaging spectrometers [9,10]. Transmission gratings allow the construction of compact, low-cost, low-f-number instruments [10] and even direct-vision GRISM [11] based constructions [9]. However, the optimization of transmission grating profiles for high and uniform efficiency over a wide spectral range has received only limited attention [6, 8, 12]. Such designs, with a flat octave-wide spectral response, are provided here. Since the spectrum is usually converted to digital form, variations in the spectral response diminish the accuracy of the analysis. Hence responses independent of the wavelength are of interest e.g., in imaging spectrometers.
To obtain dispersion values of interest in compact spectrometers, the ratio of the grating period d and the center wavelength of the spectral response is chosen to be 3–10. Four-level profile shapes considered because they have a sufficient number of degrees of freedom for optimization and because they are compatible with an accurate microlithographic fabrication process.
The paper is organized as follows. In sect. 2 we introduce the type of profile to be considered, including the free parameters to be optimized, and justify this choice. The design method based on parametric optimization and rigorous electromagnetic grating theory is presented in sect. 3 along with the merit functions used in the optimization. In sect. 4 we provide specific design results for selected values of the ratio d/ . Finally, conclusions are drawn in sect. 5.
2. Choice of grating profile type
During the past two decades great advances in diffractive optics [13, 14] have been achieved by applying techniques such as electron beam lithography, thin-film deposition, and reactive ion etching to fabricate microrelief profile in dielectric substrates. In grating fabrication these techniques facilitate far greater control over the profile shape than the more traditional ruling and holographic exposure [15] methods do; however, they are not inherently ideal for high-resolution spectroscopic applications because of ghosts introduced by stitching of the writing fields of electron beam exposure systems and the difficulty in generating large gratings on curved substrates. Fortunately these are not primary issues in our applications, and therefore we use the freedoms in profile shape allowed by lithographic fabrication. On the other hand, the relatively high dispersion required to achieve compact devices requires d/ ratios of the order of 3–10. One then speaks of resonance-domain gratings, which must be analyzed by rigorous electromagnetic theory [16, 17]. We use the Fourier Modal Method (FMM) with fast factorization [18] in the design process.
The choice of the grating profile type to be considered is a critical issue. On one hand it should be realizable at high precision because profile-shape errors of just tens of nanometers degrade the performance substantially in the resonance domain. On the other hand, a sufficient number of parameters should be available for successful optimization. To put the latter aspect into perspective we note that high efficiencies (above 96% for unpolarized light) can be achieved even with binary profiles if Bragg incidence is used and the profile depth as well as the fill factor are optimized [19]. However, because of the Bragg selectivity, this is possible only over a severely limited spectral range. Similarly, triangular profiles can yield high efficiencies if the profile height (and possibly also the angle of incidence) is optimized; however, even if a 'split" triangle is used to provide an additional degree of freedom [6], adequate spectral flattening over a wide spectral range can not be achieved.
Returning to the issue of feasibility of precise lithographic fabrication, we refer to a double-exposure electron beam lithographic process introduced by David [23], which is available to us in a somewhat modified form [24]. This process is capable of generating four-level profiles of the type shown in Fig. 1 with nearly vertical sidewalls, sharp and exactly placed transitions, and highly precise depth levels. The free parameters for optimization are now the transition point locations xj and the profile depths zj, with j = 1,2,3, and also the angle of incidence θ if so desired. This choice of general profile shape is motivated not only by feasibility of fabrication, but also by our experience in designing diffractive elements with spatially variable local period for monochromatic light of wavelength λ0[20–22]: it was observed that not much can be gained by using more than four levels if the transition points xj are optimized. The results of Refs. [20–22] are not applicable here since we are not optimizing the profile for one value of the ratio d/λ0 at a time, but for an extended range Δλ with a fixed ratio d/ .
Fig. 1.
3. Design method
Parametric optimization with the Nelder-Mead simplex method is employed to search for optimum values of xj and Zj. In order to evaluate the merit of each configuration, FMM is used to calculate the spectral efficiency curves ηTE(λ) and ηTM(λ) of diffraction order - 1 at N sample values λn of the wavelength λ within the chosen spectral interval (the subscripts TE and TM denote TE and TM polarization, respectively). The number diffraction orders M used during optimization was typically M ~ 15 in TE polarization and M ~ 20 in TM polarization to ensure a satisfactory trade-off between convergence and computational cost (which increases ∝ M 3 in FMM), and the final results were verified using a larger number of orders. The most natural starting point of optimization is a regular four-level profile with equally spaced values of xj and Zj, but since the Nelder-Mead algorithm converges to the nearest local minimum several initial distributions with modified values of xj and Zj may have to be tried to find an acceptable solution of this nonlinear optimization problem.
In the first stage of the design procedure we use a least-squares-type merit function of the form
is the mean value of the efficiencies at λ = λn for unpolarized light. The mean value is allowed to evolve freely during this optimization stage, i.e., no attempt is yet made to ensure a high overall efficiency. As a result a flat response is obtained fairly rapidly but typically reduces to values of the order of 20%. The aim of the second optimization stage is the improve the efficiency without sacrificing the achieved uniformity of the spectral response. To this end one can, for example, replace with some goal value ηg, which is gradually raised during optimization until no further improvement is possible without a substantial increase of MF. Alternatively, some other form of merit function can be used during the second stage, as long as it is designed to push up the value of one way or the other.
4. Results
Keeping in mind the dispersion requirements in our applications, we are primarily interested in values of d/ in the range 3–10. We choose a spectral range extending over a full octave in the near-infrared region, namely 1 μm < λ < 2 μm, and provide specific designs for d = 5 μ and d = 11 μm. This spectral range is of interest in numerous applications of pushbroom spectrometers, but designs can easily be obtained for other values of by appropriate scaling and using correct values for the (wavelength-dependent) refractive index of the substrate (incidence from an SiO2 substrate to air is assumed here, and the conditions z 3 > z 2 > z 1 are maintained).
The main results are collected in Figs. 2–4 and Tables 1 and 2. In addition to spectral flattening (green lines in Fig. 2), we also optimized the profiles for maximum efficiency using defined by Eq. (2) as a merit function (red lines in Fig. 2). This is seen to improve the efficiency substantially if d = 5 μm, but not when d = 11 μm. In both cases the flattened efficiency curves are rather similar for unpolarized light, with the efficiency varying in the range 52–60%. Even though the optimization result in the maximum-efficiency case at d = 11 μm is nearly the same as the non-optimized result, the transition points are shifted noticeably, and flattening of the efficiency curve changes especially the last step height. With d = 5 μm the lateral and vertical shifts of the parameters are even more remarkable. Finally, fabrication errors of ±20 nm in xj or Zj lead to efficiency degradation of the order of 2%.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
It is remarkable that the efficiency curves in the two cases, d = 11 μm and d = 5 μm, are so similar. However, this is true for unpolarized light only, as illustrated in Fig. 4. Here the efficiency curves are plotted separately for TE and TM polarized incident fields, and the average curve for unpolarized light (already shown in Fig. 3) is given for comparison. Clearly, if d = 11 μm, the operation of the grating is nearly polarization-independent, which is understandable because the grating period-to-wavelength ratio approaches the 'scalar regime' d/λ ≫ 1. Even though the structure is nearly polarization independent, analysis with scalar theory yields response strongly dependent on the wavelength thus proving that the scalar theory is not valid yet. However, if d = 5 μm, the response is strongly polarization-sensitive (as is typical in the resonance domain) but the TE and TM contributions compensate for each other.
Fig. 4.
The results have been presented explicitly for only two values of d, but these are representative in the entire range d > 3. If d > 11 μm, the optimized values of xj/d and zj given in Table 1 for the flattened response with d = 11 μm still give a rather good results. If the period is reduced from 11 μm to 5 μm, the values of the parameters required for flat response change, the efficiency curve for unpolarized light remain rather unchanged, but the polarization sensitivity increases. The tabulated results for d = 5 μm or d = 11 μm can be used as a starting point for optimization at nearby values of the period.
5. Conclusions
We have used parametric optimization and rigorous electromagnetic grating theory to design multilevel transmission-grating profiles with thus-far unparalleled spectral flatness over a one-octave range. The profile type was chosen to have the degrees of freedom offered by a specific lithographic fabrication process. When used in optical configurations that also provide sufficient spatial uniformity in, e.g., pushbroom imaging spectrometers, these grating profiles are ideal for numerous spectral sensing and monitoring applications.
The work of T. Vallius and J. Turunen was supprted by the Academy of Finland (projects 106410 and 207523). The European Union Network of Excellence on Micro-Optics (NEMO, www.micro-optics.org) and discussions with Pasi Laakkonen are acknowledged.
References and links
1. B. Braam, J. Okkonen, M. Aikio, K. Makisara, and J. Bolton, "Design and first test results of the Finnish airborne imaging spectrometer for different applications, AISA", in Imaging Spectrometry of the Terrestial Environment, G. Vane, ed., Proc. SPIE 1937, 142–151 (1993). [CrossRef]
2. S. H. Kong, D. D. L. Wijngaards, and R. F. Wolffenbuttel, "Infrared micro-spectrometer based on diffraction gratings," Sensors and Actuators A 92, 88–95 (2001). [CrossRef]
3. F. Salem and M. Kafatos, "Hyperspectral image analysis for oil spilling mitigation,", in Proceedings of 22nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, (CRISP, Singapore, 2001) pp. 748–753.
4. E. Herrala and J. Okkonen, "Imaging spectrograph and camera solutions for industrial applications," Int. J. Pattern Recogn. Artif. Intellig. 10, 43–54 (1996). [CrossRef]
5. R. O. Green, "Spectral calibration requirement for Earth-looking imaging spectrometers in the solar-reflected spectrum," Appl. Opt. 37, 683–690 (1998). [CrossRef]
6. P. Mouroulis, D. W. Wilson, P. D. Maker, and R. E. Muller, "Convex grating types for concentric imaging spectrometers," Appl. Opt. 37, 7200–7208 (1998). [CrossRef]
7. P. Mouroulis, "Spectral and spatial uniformity in pushbroom imaging spectrometers," in Imaging Spectrometry VJ. B. Rafert, W. J. Slough, C. A. Rohde, A. Pilant, L. J. Otten, A. D. Meigs, A. Jones, and E. W. Butler, eds. Proc. SPIE3753, 133–141 (1999). [CrossRef]
8. T. Hyvarinen, E. Herrala, and A. Dall'Ava, "Direct sight imaging spectrograph: a unique add-on component brings spectral imaging to industrial applications," in Digital Solid State Cameras: Design and Applications, G. M. Williams, ed., Proc. SPIE 3302, 165–175 (1998). [CrossRef]
9. E. Herrala, J. Okkonen, T. Hyvarinen, M. Aikio, and J. Lammasniemi, "Imaging spectrometer for process industry applications," in Optical Measurements and Sensors for the Process Industries, C. Gorecki and R. W. Preater, eds., Proc. SPIE 2248, 33–40 (1994). [CrossRef]
10. D. E. Battey and J. B. Slater, "Compact holographic imaging spectrograph for process control applications," in Optical Methods for Chemical Process Control, S. Farquharson, ed., Proc. SPIE 2069, 60–64 (1997). [CrossRef]
11. E. Cianci, V. Foglietti, F. Vitali, D. Lorenzetti, A. Notargiacomo, and E. Giovine "Micromachined silicon grisms: high resolution spectroscopy in the near infrared," Microelectron. Eng. 53, 543–546 (2000). [CrossRef]
12. P. Laakkonen, M. Kuittinen, J. Simonen, and J. Turunen, "Electron-beam-fabricated asymmetric transmission gratings for microspectrometry," Appl. Opt. 39, 3187–3191 (2000). [CrossRef]
13. H. P. Herzig, ed., Micro-optics: Elements, Systems and Applications (Taylor & Francis, London, 1997).
14. J. Turunen and F. Wyrowski, eds., Diffractive Optics for Industrial and Commercial Applications (Wiley-VCH, Berlin, 1997).
15. M. C. Hutley, Diffraction Gratings (Academic Press, Orlando, 1982).
16. R. Petit, ed., Electromagnetic Theory of Gratings (Springer, Berlin, 1980). [CrossRef]
17. J. Turunen, M. Kuittinen, and F. Wyrowski, "Diffractive optics: electromagnetic approach," in Progress in Optics, E. Wolf, ed., vol. XL, chap. V (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000).
18. L. Li, "Use of Fourier series in the analysis of discontinuous periodic structures," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 1870–1876 (1996). [CrossRef]
19. E. Noponen and J. Turunen, "Binary high-frequency-carrier diffractive optical elements: electromagnetic theory" J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 1097–1109 (1994). [CrossRef]
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21. E. Noponen, J. Turunen, and A. Vasara, "Electromagnetic theory and design of diffractive-lens arrays," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 10, 434–443 (1993). [CrossRef]
22. K. Blomstedt, E. Noponen, and J. Turunen, "Surface-profile optimization of diffractive imaging lenses," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 521–525 (2001). [CrossRef]
23. C. David "Fabrication of stair-case profiles with high aspect ratios for blazed diffractive optical elements,"Microelectron. Eng. 53, 677–680 (2000). [CrossRef]
24. K. Jefimovs, Ph.D. Thesis (University of Joensuu, 2003).


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Loo & Chilli
8 Easy Steps to Speed Up Your Metabolism
We've all been there, you've spent hours at the gym, watched everything you eat, but still you are having trouble losing weight. Well, sometimes boosting your metabolism doesn't have to be that difficult, or painful. In fact, sometimes it can actually be fun.
Here are some tips on simple ways to boost your metabolism:
1. Drink Water Before Eating – Yeah, it sound too good to be true, but drinking two glasses of water before you eat can help you loose weight. In fact, studies have found doing this helped people lose an average of 15.5-pounds, which is five pounds more than people who didn't do it.
2. Fidget – Although it may annoy your friends, fidgeting, or as some experts call it non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), can help you burn an extra 350 calories a day.
3. Drink Coffee – Caffeine is a good metabolism booster because it helps speed up the central nervous system. It also helps you work harder longer, thereby burning more calories. As long as it's not a Frappuccino, then you'll be consuming more calories than you're burning.
4. Laugh – According to a study by the Journal of Obesity, laughter can cause a 10 to 20 percent increase in calories burned and heart rate. That means 10 to 15 minutes of laughter can lead to up to 40 calories burned.
5. Make it Spicy – Adding heat to your meal is an excellent way to help burn calories, thanks to the capsaicin in peppers.
6. Snacking – Eating small meals throughout the day will prevent you from overeating, and will raise your metabolism. But be careful what you snack on. Don't go for chocolate and junkie foods. Lean proteins and complex carbs are always better. Come on, nobody lost weight eating Reese's peanut butter cups. (Thought they are delicious!)
7. Stand – Sitting all day is a big no-no. Even simple things like standing while you take a phone call can go along way towards helping in weight loss. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, a 150 pounds person can burn 129 calories an hour standing. And if you move a little even better. Walking slowly around your office could burn 143 calories an hour.
8. Turn Off Your Phone – Believe it or not, your smartphone could be the reason you're gaining weight. According to a Northwestern University study, if you are exposed to the blue light from computers and phones immediately before a meal it increases your hunger. Why? Researchers still don't know. Maybe all those food selfies you've taken are making you hungry.


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Tuxedos and martinis not included.
Taking inspiration from modern skyscrapers.
Coast through the harshest conditions in luxury.
Only 10 of these exist, with a limit of one boat per country.
The "Atlante" is a completely custom 55m luxury yacht.
The architect takes to the seas.
Just pray that you're one of 16 guests invited by the owner aboard.
Part yacht, part submarine, the Floating Seahorse by the Kleindienst Group offers the best of both worlds fused into an ultra-opulent experi...
As an homage to its nautical heritage – the brand released the first diving watch, the Radiomir 3646, during World War II – Pane...
Dakis Joannou, a wealthy Greek-Cypriot industrialist and contemporary art collector, recently tapped artist Jeff Koons and yacht designer Iv...
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People Are Idiots and I Can Prove It!: The 10 Ways You Are Sabotaging Yourself and How You Can Overcome Them Hardcover – Bargain Price, December 30, 2008
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James Bradley, New York Times Bestselling Author, Flags of Our Fathers and Flyboys
"Larry Winget takes a tough love approach to helping you improve your life with this book but you'll be glad you read it. He doesn't mince words yet his advice for making more of yourself is spot on."
Mark Sanborn, bestselling author, The Fred Factor and You Don't Need a Title to be a Leader
"Larry's frank, brutal, tough and sometimes even obnoxious! But you know something? He has a big heart and an even bigger gut for how we can avoid big mistakes."
Neil Cavuto, Fox News
His advice . . . is so blunt and so true that it might keep you sane until you retire.
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Top Customer Reviews
I'm always wary of reviewers who write a long treatise here. It seems they have an axe to grind -- positive or negative -- and that their position is more about them than it is the book. So, here's the bottom line: If you want to get fuzzy inspiration, this isn't the book for you. If, however, you want a book that shows you how to get your act together, quit sabotaging yourself, and have a better year in 2009, regardless of the economy, stop reading reviews and start buying (and reading) this book.
You may -- or may not -- like HOW Larry makes his points. However, WHAT he says will change your life. It has mine. Sometimes the most valuable advice is the stuff we don't want to hear.
If you sit up and pay attention this book will show us all how we act like idiots sometimes. We sabotage our lives when we are ignorant, stupid, lazy, don't care, lack vision, have low expectations, don't recognize the consequences of our actions, have bad habits, have poor role models, and have no plan. The author shows how to overcome all of these challenges through sound principles and common sense. This is not rocket science but it is solutions to problems that some readers may not even know that they have. You will find principles in this book that will change your life. Don't be an idiot, buy the book and learn something new.
Let me suggest a three step process for reviews, and then apply it to People are Idiots.
Step One: What is the quality of the writing? Is it grammatical? Consistent? Does it maintain ones' interest?
Step Two: What is the quality of the information (if non-fiction) or story (if fiction)? [NOT "Do I like it?" That's next.] Is it researched and footnoted if appropriate? If it is free-form, it is logical? Does the author use appropriate examples? Does s/he understand logic?
Step Three: How do I personally react to the book as a whole? Do I agree with it? Even if I don't agree with it, does it make a significant contribution to the public discourse? (Note: I've positively reviewed books I don't agree with for precisely that last reason.)
In a 5-star system like Amazon uses, I'm thinking that we put step one and step two together and account for at least 4 of the stars.Read more ›
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Loved reading the book because I work at a non-profit that does financial counseling and we are not allowed to tell our clients they are IDIOTS, so having Larry do it via the book... Read morePublished 8 months ago by David Antico
I liked this book. It is a common sense book on changing things about your self that you want to change.Published 18 months ago by Michael Curtiss
All of Larry Winget 's material is terrific, and it's nice to have him read this one himself on the audio version. Very informative and extremely entertaining, as well.Published 20 months ago by Mike Kimmel Scenes for Teens


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Conformal Wideband Phased Array Transmitter for Jammers (1000-092)
Award Information
Small Business Information
267 Boston Road, North Billerica, MA, 01862
Principal Investigator:
Patanjali Parimi
Principal Investigator
(978) 495-5300
Principal Investigator
(978) 495-5300
Business Contact:
Joseph Kunze
(978) 495-5300
(978) 495-5300
Research Institution:
AbstractSI2 Technologies, Inc. (SI2) proposes to leverage its expertise in conformal wideband antenna arrays and metamaterial technologies to develop a high power jamming transmitter operating from UHF to Ka band. SI2's proposed concept is to utilize its Direct Write and Laser Transfer conformal manufacturing technology and a novel wideband array based on a metamaterial. The resulting wideband, high power, low profile array transmitter will be capable of deployment on a number of DoD platforms to increase their performance capabilities. To develop the high power broadband (multi decade) jamming transmitters and accelerate transition of the technology, SI2 has teamed with a prime contractor who will provide system requirements and implementation opportunities. The Phase I program will demonstrate the performance of the wideband conformal array through state-of-the-art modeling and simulation. The follow-on Phase II program will refine the design and develop a wideband high power transmitter array prototype. Testing of the prototype will validate the simulation and the conformal array transmitter performance capabilities.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


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Davida Wimbley, a bus driver who works out of the 49th St. Bus Compound, was named the Pinellas County Schools Transportation Specialist of the Year. Read more >
Pinellas County Schools is working to take over operations of University Preparatory Academy. The plan is to open the school at the same site and rename it Midtown Academy, pending School Board approval. Read more >
KEEPING FIT and STAYING HEALTHY! Community Health and Wellness Fair will be held 5-8 p.m., Thursday at the Union Academy Family Center, 401 East Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, Tarpon Springs. Read more >
The Pinellas Education Foundation will gather school supplies for students in need during three upcoming Stuff the Bus Events. Read more >
4:30 PM - 7:00 PM Midtown Academy Teacher Job Fair
10:00 AM School Board Meeting
Help PCS stop the summer reading slide and fill the bus with books. There is still time to donate! Learn more>


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Team Results & News
Regionals Weekend Training Camp
We will be running a Regionals Training Camp on May 7th & 8th from 9:00am-4:00pm for those who would like to have some extra competition climbing practice/preparation. This will be a very beneficial experience for any climbers looking to compete at Regionals this year. The curriculum will include a mock onsight competition with the many elements that are specific to a Regional level comp. Below is some of what we will cover:
- Scoring and comp format review
- Warm-up in Bouldering area (ISO)
- Climbing on-sight routes
- Redpoint tries on earlier routes
- Discussions on the following:
- onsight burn
- Iso issues
- Why did you fall?
- What would you change?
- How we can use this camp to help
- Practice like you play
- Route-setting tricks that help you read sequences
- "Trying 100% then forgetting and moving on (mentally) to the next route. You can't change the past…..so let it go. If you give 100% you have no regrets."
- Consistency
- Develop good habits now
- Relax
- What works for you?
- Breath/Rhythm/Pacing
- Dealing with adverse conditions
- Confidence
- Where:Earth Treks Golden
- When:May 7th and May 8th 9am-4pm daily
- Cost – $150 members / $175 non-members
This course is dependent on sufficient enrollment. If there is insufficient enrollment, we will cancel the class and issue full refunds on April 28th. Please register early to help us with planning.
*Bring a box lunch for day 1; we will provide a pizza lunch for day 2
Click to Register for Regionals Weekend Training Camp
Morrison Bouldering Day Trip April 23, 2016
On April 23rd, we are offering an outdoor bouldering day trip to Morrison. The bouldering in Morrison is an excellent climbing resource. Over the past two years, the Earth Treks Climbing Team has supported efforts to clean and maintain this sandstone bouldering area. Now that the trail work is complete, we would like to invite everyone out for an afternoon of bouldering with the coaches. A parent or designated chaperone will be responsible for transportation and supervision of each athlete during this day trip. Earth Trek's Coaches will meet you and your child in the Soda Lakes parking area for an amazing day of outdoor bouldering.
Preregistration is required for this program. Check out the details and link for registration below:
Click to Register for the Climbing Team Day Trip to Morrison
What: Climbing Team outdoor bouldering day with the coaches
Where: Morrison South Side (Soda Lakes parking)
When: April 23, 2016 from 10:00am-3:00pm
Cost: $25 per team member
Paperwork: Each participant must have Earth Treks' waiver and medical form completed and signed by their parent or court appointed legal guardian prior to participation. A fresh waiver is required and the online waivers are not accepted for outdoor events, so please bring completed hard copies. JeffCo also requires the completion of a waiver as well.
Prerequisites: Open to current climbing Team members. Each participant must be accompanied by a parent or designated chaperone.
What to bring:
- Required paperwork
- Plenty of water
- Food
- Sun protection
- Weather appropriate clothing
- Hiking/tennis shoes
- Climbing shoes
- Chalk
- Brush
- Crash Pad – if you have one (Rowland and Will are bringing 5)
Inclement Weather and Cancellation Policy: This trip is dependent on good weather and sufficient enrollment. If the forecast is for inclement weather, we will cancel the trip on Thursday, April 21st and issue full refunds. If there is insufficient enrollment, we will cancel the trip and issue full refunds on April 14th. Please register early to help us with planning.
Check out the 2015 Team Hoodies now available for order:
Team Tryout Results (fall 2015)
Earth Treks Golden held its' Youth Climbing Team Tryouts on August 13th and August 20th. Below are the results for the fall 2015/spring 2016 season teams. Thank you very much to everyone who participated! Following are invites to Intermediate Climbing Team, Advanced Climbing Team and Team Earth Treks. If your child is not listed on one of the competitive teams below, they may be interested in our Recreational Climbing Club program which has new sessions starting the second week of September. To guarantee your spot on the team, all invitations must be accepted via online registration no later than Tuesday, August 25th.
- Team Earth Treks –First practice Wednesday, September 2nd from 4:30-6:30.
- Advanced Climbing Team – First practice Tuesday, September 1st from 4:30-6:30.
- Intermediate Climbing Team – First practice Thursday, September 3rd from 4:00-6:00.
To accept an invite and register your child for team…
- Carefully review the Parent Handbook and Team Code of Conduct.
- Complete the online Team Registration and Billing Agreement.
- Parents must attend a MANDATORY meeting on the first night of practice at 4:30 for Team ET and Advanced Team and 4:00 for the Intermediate Team . We will try to keep it brief (about 15 minutes).
|Advanced Team
|Team Earth Treks
|Intermediate Team
|Chloe Alspaugh
|Zach Bain
|Megan Allin
|Brooklee Baybeck
|Mackenzie Bay
|Molly Babitz
|Noah Dede
|William Bennett
|Hudson Boles
|Ceri Evans
|Ian Center
|Ethan Hesse
|James Hickenbottom
|Sophia Cook
|Macie McIlvain
|Jake Milano
|Ceci Davies
|Wilson Schultz
|Dominique Nicholas
|Jordan Fishman
|Nathan Todd
|Hannah Pedersen
|Keenan Griscom
|Emma Price
|Hagen Hall
|Grace Ryan
|Maddie Larson
|Anissa Shull
|Colin Meyer
|Kaedyn Woodard
|Carson Shea
|Shea Wright
|Josh Sperry