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Originally posted on Steelers Depot | Last updated 6/19/12
TAMPA, FL - FEBRUARY 01: Mewelde Moore #21 of the Pittsburgh Steelers celebrates holds up the Vince Lombardi trophy as he celebrates with his daughter Jalyn Chantelle after their 27-23 win against the Arizona Cardinals during Super Bowl XLIII on February 1, 2009 at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. (Photo by Jamie Squire/Getty Images)
Former Pittsburgh Steelers running back Mewelde Moore is no longer unemployed as Indianapolis Colts owner Jim Irsay announced a short time ago on Twitter that the Colts had signed the free agent running back. Moore, who will turn 30 next month, will now be reunited with former Steelers offensive coordinator Bruce Arians in Indianapolis. Moore spent four seasons in Pittsburgh after being signed as an unrestricted free agent in 2008. He was originally drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. Moore missed four games due to injury last season with the Steelers, Read more [...]
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The Hub
Diversify YA Life: Islamic Mythology & Middle Eastern Folktales
Jinns have made a remarkable appearance in YA fiction in the last couple of years and with it comes diverse characters.
A Jinn is any of a class of spirits, lower than the angels, capable of appearingin human and animal forms and influencing humankind for either good or evil.
Below, you'll find a list of YA fiction about Jinns.
- Forbidden Wish by Jessica Khoury
When Zahara is released from her lamp she finds herself in a world where her magic is forbidden but when the King offers her permanent release, she must decide between freedom from the lamp or love.
- Whole New World by Liz Braswell
This twisted tale changes one plot detail from popular Disney stories. Whole New World asks what would happen if Jafar was the first one to summon the genie.
- Becoming Jinn (Becoming Jinn Series) by Lori Goldstein
Azra, a Jinn, is evading her Jinn duties and masquerades as a human but when she discovers her powers are different from her Jinn friends, she must find out if her new powers will save or endanger her friends.
- Fire Wish (Jinni Wars) by Amber Lough
When Zayele is forced to marry a prince of Baghdad, she finds a Jinn and wishes to trade places.
- Exquisite Captive (Dark Caravan Cycle) by Heather Demetrios
Nalia is a powerful Jinn who was sold in the Jinn slave trade. She's stuck in a bottle and must grant wishes for her horrible Hollywood master. One day Nalia meets Raif who promises to free her but it's a high price and Nalia isn't sure she can trust him.
- The Rebel of Sands (Rebel of Sands Series) by Alwyn Hamilton
Amani lives in Dustwalk where nothing happens. When her sharpshooting skills fails to aid in her escape, she finds a wanted stranger to help.
Islamic Mythology & Middle Eastern Folktales Printable Booklist
— Dawn Abron, currently watching Anthony Bourdain's Parts Unknown
The post Diversify YA Life: Islamic Mythology & Middle Eastern Folktales appeared first on The Hub.
2016 Teens' Top Ten Nominees Announced!
The moment is finally here! Here are the 2016 Teens' Top Ten Nominees!
This year's list of nominees features 26 titles that were published between Jan. 1, 2015 and Dec. 31, 2015.
The nominees are as follows:
- Baker, Chandler. Alive. Disney/Hyperion.
- Bardugo, Leigh. Six of Crows. Macmillan/Henry Holt & Co.
- Black, Holly. The Darkest Part of the Forest. Little, Brown & Co.
- Boecker, Virginia. The Witch Hunter. Little, Brown & Co.
- Brockenbrough, Martha. The Game of Love and Death. Scholastic/Arthur A. Levine Books
- Childs, Tera Lynn, and Tracy Deebs. Powerless. Sourcebooks Fire.
- Cornwell, Betsy. Mechanica. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt/Clarion Books.
- Dinnison, Kris. You and Me and Him. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt/Clarion Books.
- Doktorski, Jennifer Salvato. The Summer After You and Me. Sourcebooks Fire.
- Doller, Trish. The Devil You Know. Bloomsbury.
- Heltzel, Anne. Charlie, Presumed Dead. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Kaufman, Amie, and Kristoff, Jay. Illuminae. Random House/Alfred A. Knopf.
- Laurie, Victoria. When. Disney/Hyperion.
- Matharu, Taran. The Novice: Summoner: Book One. Macmillan/Feiwel & Friends.
- Nielsen, Jennifer, A. Mark of the Thief. Scholastic/Scholastic Press.
- Niven, Jennifer. All the Bright Places. Random House/Alfred A. Knopf.
- Priest, Cherie, Illustrated by Kali Ciesemier. I Am Princess X. Scholastic/Arthur A. Levine.
- Schmidt, Tiffany. Hold Me Like a Breath. Bloomsbury.
- Schreiber, Joe. Con Academy. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Sedgwick, Marcus. The Ghosts of Heaven. Macmillan/Roaring Brook Press
- Simmons, Kristen. The Glass Arrow. Tor Teen.
- Stohl, Margaret. Black Widow Forever Red. Disney/Marvel Press
- Stone, Tamara Ireland. Every Last Word. Disney/Hyperion
- Westerfeld, Scott, Margo Lanagan, and Deborah Biancotti. Zeroes. Simon & Schuster/Simon Pulse.
- Weingarten, Lynn. Suicide Notes from Beautiful Girls. Simon & Schuster/Simon Pulse
- Yoon, Nicola. Everything, Everything. Random House/Delacorte Press.
A full list of the nominees with annotations can be found at www.ala.org/yalsa/teenstopten.
Encourage teens to read the nominees throughout the summer so they are ready for the national Teens' Top Ten vote, which will take place August 15 through Teen Read Week (October 9-15). The 10 nominees that receive the most votes will be named the official 2016 Teens' Top Ten.
In celebration of the nominees being named, YALSA will be giving away 40 sets of the nominees through its 2016 Teens' Top Ten Book Giveaway, generously funded by the Dollar General Literacy Foundation. Interested applicants can apply now through May 1, 2016 via this online form.
Learn more about the Teens' Top Ten at www.ala.org/yalsa/teenstopten.
The post 2016 Teens' Top Ten Nominees Announced! appeared first on The Hub.
International Stories in Verse for National Poetry Month
Books can allow readers to experience other parts of the world than where they live, exposing them to new cultures. Novels in verse can be an especially accessible way to access these stories, since the sparse, vivid language focuses on images and emotions, painting a picture of other times, places, and experiences.
These novels in verse tell stories of struggles from around the world, and are great to feature for National Poetry Month and year-round.
Serafina's Promise by Ann E. Burg
A young girl in rural Haiti has a powerful dream of becoming a doctor. But can that dream overcome extreme poverty and a devastating earthquake? Her interest is in both traditional ways of healing and modern medicine, and her hope is to honor her brother who died as a child. This is an inspiring story beautifully told.
Caminar by Skila Brown
In this novel in verse, the horrors of the Guatemalan civil war serve as a backdrop for a young man's coming of age. This can serve as a conversation starter for discussions on gender and war.
Silver People: Voices from the Panama Canal by Margarita Engle
In this beautiful novel in verse Margarita Engle tells us the story of the Panama Canal and the people who built it despite incredible hardship and cruelty. This history was unknown to me, and will likely be unfamiliar to teen readers as well.
All of Margarita Engle's books are fantastic, so don't limit yourself to picking up just one.
The Red Pencil by Andrea Davis Pickney
An inspiring and revealing story of a young Sudanese refugee's experience. Poetic verse and captivating illustrations make this a great book to hand to a reluctant reader.
The Good Braider by Terry Farish
In beautiful, sparse prose, Farish tells the story of a Sudanese refugee family making a new life in the United States. This is a long, hard, and ultimately hopeful journey of a young Sudanese refugee from a country terrorized by war to Portland, Maine, where cultural differences present a continuing struggle.
A Time to Dance by Padma Venkatraman
Veda is an accomplished dancer, so when an accident causes her to to lose part of her leg, she's devastated. This story is one of resilience as she learns to dance with a prosthetic and connects to dance on a more spiritual level. Teens can relate to Veda, who realistically experiences jealousy and frustration even as she's determined to learn to dance again.
Do you have a favorite novel in verse that set outside the United States? Please share in the comments.
— Molly Wetta, currently reading If I Was Your Girl by Meredith Russo
The post International Stories in Verse for National Poetry Month appeared first on The Hub.
2016 Hub Challenge Check-in #11
Not signed up for YALSA's 2016 Hub Reading Challenge? Read the official rules and sign up on the original post. Anything you've read since the awards were announced counts, and the challenge runs until 11:59pm on June 23, so sign up now!
I've been on a graphic novel and nonfiction streak.
I finally read Nimona, and thought it was a lot of fun. I'm not generally a fan of manga, but A Silent Voice was a great look at bullying and people with disabilities, and seemed to be a very sensitive portrayal of the characters. The teens in my library tend to be drawn to the fantasy and action-filled manga, so I was glad to familiarize myself with this title so I could potentially recommend something a little different to them. I was a big fan of My Friend Dahmer by Derf Backderf, so I was excited to check out Trashed. I was surprised by how much research went in to it!
I really liked Notorious RBG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and thought it was a great introduction to several topics legal history, and the graphics were really well done. It was great paired with Rad American Women A-Z, which introduced me to a lot of women in history that I wasn't familiar with.
The only fiction I've crossed off my list is one audiobook. I listened to Echo by Pam Muñoz Ryan, and it was enchanting! The narration and sound effects definitely added to the experience, and I think this is the perfect title to recommend to families looking for a road trip audiobook.
I've finished 11 titles for the challenge, so I've still got a way to go. I plan on reading some of the Alex Award winners, as past titles honored have really been great for me personally and great for readers' advisory. I'm also excited to read Half Wild by Sally Green and Six of Crows by Leigh Bardugo.
What have you been reading for the Challenge lately? Share your thoughts with us in the comments below, and join the conversation on social media; look for the #hubchallenge on Instagram, Twitter, and our Goodreads group. If you've finished the Challenge, a) bravo! and b) fill out this form.What have you been reading for the challenge? What are you most excited to get to? Share in the comments!
— Molly Wetta, currently re-listening to Blue Lily, Lily Blue by Maggie Stiefvater
The post 2016 Hub Challenge Check-in #11 appeared first on The Hub.
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Fixed-Price - Intermediate ($$) - Est. Budget: $250 - PostedSkills: Spanish Creative writing Social Media Marketing
We are looking for a social media writer that can write posts for Facebook and Twitter in Spanish for Latin America. Posts are to promote television content for cable operator's social media pages in Brazil.


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To qualify for a traditional ... more
If you need a professional to sell your home let me know. You wouldn't want an amateur carrying your bag would you ?
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Remax Professionals
glhgolf@gmai ... more
Consider working with the buyer's agent, who will provide information for you, prepare offer and negotiate on your behalf.
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Without a doubt you need the services of a real estate attorney. Finding one would be my priority at this point!
Best of luck.
Can you provide more information on Lakewood? Such as, street, Drive and a possible physical address.
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I have several FN lenders and the guidelines will vary between what country you have citizenship as well as where you are buying in Florida. Please feel free to reach ... more
Using your IRA is a great way to invest in real estate, however you must be aware that if you do withdraw money you will incure a 10% penalty for early withdrawl. Ho ... more


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Please do not buy it.
TPTB are plain criminals. But want you to think they have all kinds of supernatural powers.
They own the MSM completely in the west.
There will be several mega false flags during the next months. This time it will not be phony islamists, but aliens, devils, demons, prophecies, weather and space phenomena that "attacks" us.
The MSM will be filled with REALLY scary stuff, but it is all bogus. Learn from history!
Do not fall for it. It is as real as Al Qaeda, Adam Lanza and all the other fake false flags they produce to keep us enslaved!
There will be more strange sounds from the skies (the real reason behind Haarp), there will be more strange things flying in the skies, there will be nukes going off, strange diseases, floodings, insane acts of terror, prophecies being fulfilled, etc.
But it will be Hollywood behind the these productions. They no longer need that much real explosives and real dead people to make the sheeple shit their pants.
When CNN presses "play" on their "Armageddon/Independence Day"-tape, just remember that it is nothing more than just that - fiction. Remember that when they try to strip the last freedoms from you.
They want complete chaos, yes. But it is based on fiat currencies and fairy tales. WE the people have all the power in the real world. Ralise that and we are free.
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13 Important Elements To Look For In Every Staged Shooting Event
Gestapo In The USA: FCC Intimidates Press and Kills Free Speech at 5G Rollout
Democratic National Convention in Philly Is Not What We're Told About in the Media
Federal Judge Rules Hidden Microphones in Public Do Not Violate Constitution
Deutsche Bank's net income plummets
Sanders Supporters Walk Out Of Democratic Convention
Black Protesters at DNC SHOUTS: "Don't Vote For Hillary, She's Killing Black People"
Hillary Clinton will nominate justices to the Supreme Court who are prepared to overturn Citizens United."
Day After Clinton Cash Film's Go Worldwide, CEO Forced To Step Down
Ancient 'toilet paper' proves that Silk Road travelers spread parasites as they traveled
Sheriff David Clarke Says the DNC 'Seems to Be About Embracing Criminality'
Why News Junkies Are So Glum About Politics, Economics, and Everything Else
Here's What Happened When Democrats Recited 'The Pledge Of Allegiance' At The DNC
Superhuman Tech? Most Fear Worst..
Wikileaks Proves Primary Was Rigged: DNC Undermined Democracy
WIKILEAKS JULIAN ASSANGE Says He Has NEW Emails That Should Indict Hillary…And Why He's A Trump Fan
Undercover Video: Hillary Clinton Delegate Explains Her Deceptive Propaganda to Ban Guns
Is State Dept. Is Protecting Hillary Rotten Clinton's Presidential Bid?
Robots, drones fill police ranks
Companies around globe packing earth orbit with satellites to meet communications demands
Rise of black nationalist groups
Report: Mr. Robot's one-time only VR experience will return next week
'Kill More Cops' Graffiti Mural Appears on Freeway
DNC erects four-mile eight-foot tall fence around Philly convention site
Should the Postal Service Handle Your Loans as Well as Your Mail? Elizabeth Warren Thinks So.
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Save Big On Open-Box & Used Products: Buy "Ninja Scroll" from Amazon Open-Box & Used and save 67% off the $14.98 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all offers from Amazon Open-Box & Used.
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Second, regarding the "misogynism" in the film: While I understand how it might be interpreted that way, that's not quite true. Kagero is a fascinating character due to the tragedy of her curse. She plays a pivotal role in the story, but most importantly, the ultimate point of the love subplot is that Jubei's sense of honor is so strong and his heart is so pure that he will not use her as just a weapon or an object of lust, the way everyone else has used her. Even at the cost of his life (you will understand when you see it). That's what makes it such a powerful story.
This movie isn't for everyone, but it's an incredible film. It's extremely intense, so sensitive viewers should beware. The animation is beautiful; the action is intense and intelligently choreographed, not mindless and brutal; the plot is highly intricate and very well written.
The best anime that I've ever seen, period.
In 'Ninja Scroll', this part is played by Jubei Kibagami, an itinerant ninja. He is drawn into clan politics when he comes to the aid of Kagero, a female ninja in service to the Yamashiro clan. To save Kagero, Jubei must successfully challenge Tessai, an evil ninja (one of the Eight Devils of Kimon) with the ability to turn his skin into stone, and the strength to chop walls down. Jubei succeeds, but Tessai swears vengeance, leaving Jubei deeply entangled in a struggle with the Shogun of the Dark.
The third player in this contest is Dakuan, the Shoguns spy. He is a deadly old man who recruits Jubei by giving him a poison that will kill him in a day and a night. Dakuan informs Jubei that Himuro Gemma, an old enemy that Jubei was sure was dead, was still alive, and, in the company of the Devils, was at the center of the plotting. Jubei, Dakuan, and Kagero must defeat the evil ninjas and discover the purpose behind the killing of an entire village.
Kagero is a poison taster, and, as a result, is permeated with deadly toxins. She can never take a lover, because even her kiss would kill. At this point in Japanese history such a woman was an outcaste, having little value in the eyes of her society. Jubei shatters her world when he insists on treating her as an honorable human being, creating a strong emotional tension that plays against the simple samurai action of the main plot.Read more ›
The first thing to realize about Ninja Scroll is that it really is not for the squeamish. Throughout the movie there are gallons of blood, limbs, bodies, a rape scene and also a scene with a snake and a woman (actually, there are tons of snakes but there is one in particular that will probably surprise you at least a little). There really isn't any time when there isn't either nudity or death after the first few minutes in the movie.
If you can stomach the violence and perversition you will find a well animated movie with a good, if standard, plot. The animation is very well done and the action sequences (and there are a lot) are easy enough to follow. While I thought some of the character designs were fairly annoying (especially the snake lady's face), they are animated well and individual enough to be able to identify each character with no problem (even those that you see only twice throughout the movie). The plot itself is fairly stock, but it works well in the context. A wandering swordsman is recruited by an old man to fight eight demons as well as a man that swordsman thought he had slain years ago. The two are also joined by a woman swordsman whose body is too toxic to for any intimate contact (though that is by no means a deterent of her getting naked a few times). After the characters are introduced it basically becomes one long drawn out fight with the plot trudging along in the background.
The music in this film is pretty good.Read more ›
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Once you finally get to meet Jubei you will never forget him. He is pretty much a vagabond ninja and the main protagonist of ninja scroll. Read morePublished 25 days ago by Bradley Helton
From the moment this movie starts to the credit roll, it has you in its grip! One of my all-time favorites, right up there with Akira!!!Published 2 months ago by Amazon Customer
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The leftovers in the river after the gold rush.
Thank you again. I'm pleased you like the pics! Take Care. Tim
Wonderful capture
Nice composition too!
All the best
Hello Tim,
fantastic formations on the ground. WoW!
Best wishes from Germany Micha
Hi again Micha. I see I have missed many comments which did not make my email. Not sure why but thanks again. Cheers from Winnipeg. //Tim
I also missed you as well Piadera but thank you so much for the comments! Take care // Tim
wow amazing ormations :)
Thank you Prezemas! I hope you have enjoyed my gallery! Cheers. Tim
Photo taken in Dawson, YT, Canada


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Lee Rantzow on Tuesday, July 19 - 2:08 pm
Don't Forget to make a gift to the 2015-16 PDS Annual Fund! The PDS fiscal year ends on July 31, 2016, and all gifts and pledge payments are due by July 31, 2016. When...Read more
Summer is here! Don't miss out on the fun! There's still time to sign up for a variety of summer camps at PDS! Next week June 27th-July 1st, we will be…Read more
Summer is here! We are excited to offer a wide variety of camps this summer. From sports to technology, arts to recreation, and adventure to education, there's something for everyone. This…Read more


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 11, 1984
|Filing date
|Nov 24, 1982
|Priority date
|Nov 24, 1982
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Carl E. Hoge
|Original Assignee
|Burroughs Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (21), Classifications (60), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a semiconductor die-attach technique and composition, and more particularly to a technique employing a composition suitable for remelting during subsequent assembly operations.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Semiconductor die are typically attached to a package by means of a bonding composition formed into plaques approximately the size of the die for ease of handling, which composition is typically made from various metals or polymers. A few examples of high-temperature melting die-attach compositions are gold-tin melting at approximately 280° C.; gold-silicon melting at approximately 363° C.; or gold-germanium melting at approximately 356° C. Such die-attach compositions have been adequate in the past for attaching relatively small die to packages. However, when the die is much larger in size, for example above 0.250 in2 (VLSI size), such die-attach compositions have proven to be inadequate.
During a typical assembly operation, the die is placed in a cavity of a package containing the die-attach composition. Heat is applied to the package containing the die so as to melt the die-attach composition, which bonds the die to the package. Subsequently, a lid is placed over the die-receiving cavity of the package and heat is again applied so as to seal the lid to the package and form an hermetic enclosure for the integrated circuit. Such lid-sealing temperatures are typically 400° C. to 450° C.
When the prior art gold-tin die-attach composition is heated to such elevated temperatures, it remelts and dissolves gold and silicon into the melt. Gold-silicon and gold-germanium also remelt. They do not dissolve additional gold and silicon as readily, but instead form "brittle" or "hard" solder bonds which tend to crack VLSI size semiconductor die during cooling and temperature cycling.
Several types of die bond materials containing powders are presently available commercially. Epoxies are the most well known and have the longest history of use, (at least 10 years). They basically consist of an inorganic filler phase, either metal or ceramic, and an epoxy resin to bind the particles and to provide adhesion to the chip and substrate or package. Metallic fillers such as silver, gold and silver alloys are routinely combined with epoxy resins to produce electrically conductive composites for die bond applications. Insulating fillers such as magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum oxide (Al2 O3), beryllium oxide (BeO), and boron nitride (BN) are often employed where electrical insulation between the die and substrate is required.
Organic resins range from diglicydilether of bisphenylA (low glass transition temperature) to cycloaliphatic epoxides (high glass transition temperature). Most come premixed and must be frozen prior to use to retard curing. Some, however, are two part systems. These consist of separate resin and hardener phases. Each is usually premixed with the desired filler phase. Just prior to use, the resin and hardener are mixed together and used for die bonding. Some of these systems cure at room temperature, others require temperatures as high as 180° C.
Metal filled epoxy systems normally have electrical resistivity values five to ten times higher than the pure metals and exhibit correspondingly poor thermal conductivity. Above 200° C. the epoxies degrade and if the temperature is increased further they give off volatile organic products.
Another class of organic die bonding materials is polyimides. These materials employ virtually the same metal systems as epoxies. Polyimides, however, possess much greater temperature stability. They cure between 250° C. and 350° C. and can withstand limited excursions to 400° C. They possess the same electrical and thermal conductivity limitations as epoxies. Additionally, both of these organic systems contain impurities such as sodium chloride which can enhance the chance of chip corrosion.
The method and composition of this invention overcome the disadvantages of the prior art die-attach methods and compositions described above by employing a composition formed of two separate metal powders, each having a different melting point.
In accordance with this invention, a method of attaching semiconductor die to a package substrate and a composition for such die-attach is provided which comprises combining a low and a high melting powder with a vehicle consisting of a solvent and a solute (binder) so as to form the die attach composition, also referred to herein as an ink. The ink is then deposited onto the package substrate, the semiconductor die having a metallized back surface is located in contact with the deposited ink, and the package containing the ink and the die are heated to a temperature of approximately 160° C. so as to remove the solvent from the powders, and the residual binder. The package containing the dried ink and the die is heated to a temperature within a range of approximately 200° C. to 430° C. so as to melt the low-melting powder which bonds the chip to the package substrate, and sealing a lid over the package by heating the package and the bonded die to a temperature within a range of approximately 400° C. to 450° C. wherein the low-melting powder remelts and the high-melting powder partially dissolves into the liquid of the remelted low-melting powder.
An advantage of this invention is a simple and economic method of attaching large (VLSI size) semiconductor die to package substrates. Also, the strain imparted to the die by the thermal mismatch between the package and the die can be controlled metallurgically by altering the material through proper selection of powders and their alloy compositions. The powder configuration of this material also accommodates package camber as the lower melting phase melts and collapses the structure during firing in H2.
FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional graphic representation of the die-attach composition of this invention, such composition being disposed between a package substrate and a semiconductor die to be attached;
FIG. 2 is the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 following the step of removing the solvent from the die-attach composition;
FIG. 3 is the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 following the step of applying heat to the die-attach region;
FIG. 4 is the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 following the step of applying the package lid sealing heat;
FIG. 5 is a phase diagram of lead and indium;
FIG. 6 is a phase diagram of silver and lead; and
FIG. 7 is a phase diagram of gold and tin.
Referring now to FIG. 1, an ink 10 formed of a die-attach composition in accordance with this invention is disposed between a semiconductor die 12 and a package substrate 14 for attaching the die to the substrate. The die-attach ink is formed of a low temperature melting composition, particles 16 of which are graphically represented in the figures by cross-hatched polygons; a high temperature melting composition, particles 18 of which are represented graphically in the figures by circles; and, a vehicle (solvent and binder) 20 represented graphically in FIG. 1 by the dot-shading. The vehicle 20 binds the particles 16 and 18 of the low and high temperature melting compositions together and facilitates the deposition of the system onto the package.
The die-attach ink 10 is preferably formed of a metal powder melting at a temperature between approximately 173° C. and 350° C. combined as a composite with a higher temperature melting metal powder. The preferred properties of the higher temperature melting powder are that it must be wettable by the lower temperature melting powder; it must be soluble in the liquid phase of the lower temperature melting powder; and, it must either raise the melting or solidus temperature of the liquid phase as it dissolves or, reduce the ratio of liquid to solid. Also, it should melt at a sufficiently high temperature so as to prevent it from sintering to adjacent high-melting powders prior to the melting of the low-melting powder.
Several possible low-melting powder phases may be selected from the group consisting of: 1. lead-indium alloys having compositions within the range of approximately 33 atomic percent lead and 100 atomic percent lead; 2. lead-indium alloys described in 1. having up to 5 weight percent silver added thereto (the addition of more silver would increase the melting temperature); 3. lead-indium alloys described in 1. or 2. having up to 0.5 weight percent copper; 4. lead-indium alloys described in 1., 2., or 3. having up to 5 weight percent tin added; and, 5. gold-tin alloys having compositions between 16 and 25 weight percent tin. Minor quantities of elements (e.g., less than 1 percent by weight) such as antimony, arsenic, bismuth or gallium can be added to the low or high melting phases to increase their hardness, if desired. These powders are readily available at most chemical suppliers.
The solid or high-melting powder can be copper, silver or gold, or alloys thereof, with less than 2 percent by weight addition of palladium, nickel or platinum. Table I below lists several possible combinations of low and high-melting powders, wherein all proportions are given in weight percent and "low" and "high" refer to temperature.
TABLE I______________________________________ LOW-MELTING HIGH-MELTING POWDER POWDER (approximate (approximateEXAMPLE melting tempratures) melting temperatures)______________________________________I 90 LEAD - 10 INDIUM SILVER or COPPER (298° C. to 303° C.) (950.5° C.) (1083° C.)II 80 LEAD - 20 INDIUM SILVER or COPPER (265° C. to 275° C.)III 50 LEAD - 50 INDIUM SILVER or COPPER (190° C. to 215° C.)IV 92.5 LEAD - 5 INDIUM - SILVER or COPPER 2.5 SILVER (304° C.)V 80 GOLD - 20 TIN GOLD (1063° C.) (280° C.)______________________________________
For optimum performance, powders of each of the examples given above should have particle sizes no larger than 0.002 inches (50 microns). This size is specified by the final thickness of the die-attach. For thin die-attach interfaces, powders in the micron range can also be employed. Each of these Examples is combined in proportions of approximately 40 to 70 volume percent of the low-melting powder and approximately 60 to 30 volume percent of the high-melting powder.
In preparation, the low and high-melting powders are combined within the above-described ranges of ratios; and, a vehicle, consisting of a solvent and a binder, is added to the powders to form an ink composition. I have discovered a satisfactory vehicle for powders fired between approximately 350° C. and 430° C. to be a solution comprising approximately 98 to 99 weight percent terpineol solvent and approximately 2 to 1 weight percent ethyl cellulose binder.
The ink can be prepared at room temperature and may also be exposed to air during such preparation. Moreover, humidity is not a problem. The powders and vehicle can be combined most effectively in a rolling press so as to homogenize the constituents. Most conventional means for combining constituents are satisfactory.
A preferred vehicle must be selected so as to allow the powders to be uniformly deposited in the die-attach cavity. During the drying step (solvent removal step) the major quantity of the vehicle must be driven off (removed) without creating voids under the die. Some residual solute or binder must remain as a coating, and during the firing cycle the residual solute must be driven off without causing any particle-to-particle movement or rearrangement.
Other examples of suitable vehicles may be obtained by dissolving one or more kinds of nitrocellulose or acrylic resin binders in butylcarbitol-acetate, or terpineol solvents at a concentration of approximately 1 to 10 percent binder.
In a die-attach operation of this invention, a small volume of ink 10 (volume determined as a function of die size) is applied to the die-receiving cavity of the package 14. The die 12 is then placed into the cavity over the die-attach ink 10 and gently pressed down so as to secure the die in place by surface tension, as is partially shown in FIG. 1. The package 14 containing the die 12 is then placed in an oven at a temperature between approximately 60° C. and 80° C. for between approximately two and five hours, or the system is dried in a belt furnace having a 20-minute heat-cool cycle and reaching a maximum temperature between approximately 120° C. and 140° C. so as to dry the solvent from the vehicle. An air atmosphere, (80N2 /20O2), is acceptable for this operation.
The drying operation should be performed without causing bubbles under the die 12. Fast drying precipitates ethyl cellulose at the outer perimeter of the die, which forms a barrier to further solvent removal. Hence, the drying heat should be increased ("ramped up") slowly to the desired temperature unless the lower, isothermal, drying sequence is used.
Alternatively, direct application of heat to the center of the die by means of an infrared light beam could speed up the drying operation by eliminating the temperature ramping up time. The light beam is first focused on the center of the die so as to dry the inner area of the die-attach composition, and then the light beam is moved outward from the center of the die so as to dry the remainder of the composition.
The above-described drying operation removes the solvent but not the binder, and the particles 16 and 18 of the low and high-melting powders remain in place as depicted graphically in FIG. 2. The residual binder phase (not shown) remains as a thin coating on the powder surfaces. The binder phase promotes adhesion of the contacting powder particles.
Once the solvent is removed by the above-described drying operation, the structure as shown in FIG. 2 is fired in a furnace at a temperature within the range of 200° C. to 430° C., which is above the liquidus temperature of the lower-melting powder 16. This operation first removes the remaining binder and then bonds the die to the package by causing the lower melting powder to melt. The firing operation can be performed in a hydrogen (H2) atmosphere (or any other reducing non-neutral atmosphere) on a belt furnace for Examples I, II, III, and IV.
Now that the die is bonded to the package substrate it can be wire bonded in the conventional manner. Subsequently, a lid is to be sealed over the die-receiving cavity of the package. More particularly, and by way of example, ceramic packages are often sealed using a ceramic lid having a screened-on glassy phase as a picture frame around the inner periphery of the lid. This configuration is bonded to the packages at temperatures between 400° C. and 450° C. so as to form hermetic enclosures for the semiconductor die. Such elevated temperatures will remelt the low-melting powder, and the high-melting powder 18 dissolves into the liquid of the low-melting powder.
Since the surface area of the high-melting powder can be controlled by altering this powder's particle size, the surface area can be designed to be much greater than the die or die-attach substrate area, so that the higher melting powder dissolves into the liquid to a much greater extent than the metallization on the die or package. Thus, the package and die metallization are spared at the expense of the high-melting powder 18. As dissolution occurs, the relative amount of liquid phase diminishes, further retarding dissolution of the metallization. On cooling, some of the dissolved material from the high-melting powder 18 reprecipitates on all the surfaces.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a phase diagram of indium-lead (In-Pb) alloys is shown. The vertical axis 30 represents temperature in degrees centigrade, the lower horizontal axis 32 represents atomic percent lead, and the upper horizontal axis 34 represents weight percent lead (wherein 100% In corresponds to 0% Pb on both the upper and lower horizontal axes). The area of the diagram above the curve 36 represents the liquid phase of the In-Pb alloys, and the area beneath this curve is either in a solid phase or a combined solid-liquid phase. The area between the curve 36 and the dashed line 37 represents the solid plus liquid phase. The area beneath the dashed line 37 and to the right of the dashed line 38 represents the solid lead phase, while the area beneath the curve 36 and to the left of the dashed line 38 represents other phases, such as solid indium and combinations of lead and indium.
The low-melting powder Examples I, II, and III given above are noted along the curve 36.
With reference to the FIG. 5 phase diagram, it may be seen that the Example I has a melting point of approximately 305° C.; the Example II has a melting point of approximately 275° C.; and, the Example III has a melting point of approximately 210° C. Thus, this alloy of In-Pb has melting points within the preferred temperature range of 173° C. to 350° C.
A phase diagram of silver-lead (Ag-Pb) is shown in FIG. 6, wherein the vertical axis 40 represents temperature in degrees centigrade. The lower horizontal axis 42 represents atomic percent lead and the upper horizontal axis 44 represents weight percent lead (wherein 100% Ag corresponds to 0% Pb on both the upper and lower horizontal axes). The area of the diagram above curve 46 represents a liquid phase of the Ag-Pb alloy, and the area beneath this curve is divided into three parts. First, below 304° C. (as shown by line 48) the alloy is in a solid phase. Second, the large area between the line 48 and the curve 46 represents a liquid plus a solid silver phase and the much smaller area 50 between the same curve and line represents a liquid plus solid lead phase.
Silver and lead meet many of the requirements for a die-attach bonding powder. That is, these elements form the simple binary eutectic phase diagram shown in FIG. 6, and the melting point of silver (approximately 961° C.) is appreciably higher than that of lead (327° C.). Furthermore, these elements form no brittle intermediate compounds, and silver is soluble in the lead-rich melt.
The silver and lead composite can be designed by varying the surface area of silver powder plus minor alloy additions to lead and/or silver to accommodate an assembly operation wherein a silicon device is to be bonded to a gold metallized substrate. It should also be noted that this compound must subsequently withstand a maximum lid seal temperature of 450° C.
As an arbitrary starting point, a 50/50 solid-to-liquid atomic ratio is selected at the lid seal temperature. A die-bond material can be formulated by thoroughly mixing the appropriate powder constituents and subsequently blending them with a compatible organic vehicle, (terpineol-2 weight percent ethyl cellulose, for example) to form a thick film ink. Die placement, drying and firing (in a reducing atmosphere) would be performed as described herein above with reference to FIGS. 1 through 4.
Silver dissolution into the melt would, at equilibrium, produce a lead-rich liquid saturated with silver. Since gold and silver form a high temperature alloy, any dissolution of the gold from the die or substrate metallizations into the liquid phase would be retarded by the gold-silver alloy that formed. This process would essentially raise the chemical activity of gold in the silver saturated melt relative to that of gold in a pure lead melt which would help minimize dissolution. Hence, the silver-lead compound minimizes gold leaching into the liquid phase during firing.
To improve such properties of the die bond powder as leach resistance, wettability and fatigue life, second element additions such as indium, bismuth or antimony can be blended into the lead phase. Indium is a particularly versatile element since it can improve wettability, leach resistance and low temperature fatigue life. At this junction of the description, reference is again made to the In-Pb phase diagram of FIG. 5, wherein it can be seen that indium possesses a solubility of up to 66 atomic percent in the lead phase. This wide range of solubility produces liquidus points ranging from 200° C. (66 atomic percent In) to the melting point of lead (327° C.). Low temperature lead-indium powders find applications as bonding media for multi-die modules where die repair is an important factor; while powders rich in lead are employable in assembly operations requiring high temperature lid seals. Elements such as palladium, platinum or gold can be alloyed with the silver to also enhance its properties.
For any die attach or subsequent lid seal application requiring temperatures in excess of 363° C. (the gold-silicon eutectic temperature), special wafer processing steps are required. Specifically, a barrier metal system is needed between the silicon and gold metallization to prevent liquid formation and diffusion of silicon into the silver-lead melt. Silicon, if present in the solder, causes embrittlement and poor wetting.
Referring now to FIG. 7, a phase diagram of gold-tin (Au-Sn) alloy is shown. The vertical axis 60 represents temperature in degrees centigrade, the lower horizontal axis 62 represents atomic percent tin (wherein 100% Au corresponds to 0% Sn), and the upper horizontal axis 64 represents weight percent tin (wherein 100% Au corresponds to 0% Sn). The area of the diagram above curve 66 represents the liquid phase of the Au-Sn alloy, and the area beneath this curve is divided into two separate phases by a dashed line 68. The area beneath the dashed line 68 represents the solid phase of the alloy, and the areas between this dashed line and the curve 66 represents a combined solids and liquid phase.
The gold-rich eutectic occurring at 20 weight percent tin (Example V) is typically employed as solder for lid sealing as well as die bond applications. The Example V eutectic melting at 280° C. includes the ζ and AuSn phases. Note that the ζ phase has a compositional, or solid solubility range, while AuSn exists as a stoichiometric compound. Typically, a phase possessing a range of solid solubility is much more ductile than one that does not. The solid 80/20 gold-tin eutectic is, therefore, composed of a brittle (AuSn) and a more ductile (ζ) phase. Together they form a metallurgical structure possessing moderate hardness and low ductility.
It may be appreciated from the discussion hereinabove that an improved semiconductor die-attach technique and composition therefor has been described in detail. Thus, while the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to one embodiment and a limited number of examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention only be limited by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 29, 1950
|Apr 3, 1951
|Rca Corp
|Solder composition
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 19, 1984
|Jan 7, 1986
|Raychem Corporation
|Soldering flux containing a temperature sensitive chemically reactive colorant
|Jul 23, 1985
|Feb 24, 1987
|Louis Middlestadt
|Shape retaining bodies of solder containing flux and their method of manufacture and use
|May 14, 1984
|Nov 10, 1987
|Raychem Corporation
|Chip carrier mounting device
|Aug 25, 1987
|Mar 7, 1989
|Raychem Corporation
|Soldering methods and devices
|Nov 7, 1986
|Oct 3, 1989
|Olin Corporation
|Semiconductor die attach system
|May 2, 1989
|Apr 24, 1990
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Solder paste for use in a reducing atmosphere
|Feb 10, 1986
|May 29, 1990
|Olin Corporation
|Semiconductor die attach system
|Aug 28, 1989
|Dec 18, 1990
|Olin Corporation
|Semiconductor die attach system
|Mar 22, 1990
|Jul 7, 1992
|University Of Cincinnati
|Reinforced solder, brazing and welding compositions and methods for preparation thereof
|Jun 28, 1991
|Sep 29, 1992
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Solder paste
|Sep 6, 1994
|May 9, 1995
|Sumitomo Metal Ceramics Inc.
|Lid for semiconductor package and package having the lid
|May 28, 1997
|Apr 27, 1999
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Direct chip attach for low alpha emission interconnect system
|Jan 17, 1997
|May 18, 1999
|Fry Metals, Inc.
|Epoxy based, VOC-free soldering flux
|Mar 24, 1999
|Nov 7, 2000
|Visteon Corporation
|High-operating-temperature electronic component
|Jul 19, 2000
|Aug 14, 2001
|Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.
|Method and article for attaching high-operating-temperature electronic component
|Feb 21, 2002
|Dec 16, 2003
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Method of mounting a semiconductor device with a eutectic layer
|May 21, 2003
|May 31, 2005
|Kyocera America, Inc.
|Semiconductor package having filler metal of gold/silver/copper alloy
|May 21, 2003
|Nov 25, 2004
|Kyocera America, Inc.
|Semiconductor package having filler metal of gold/silver/copper alloy
|Mar 29, 1995
|Oct 24, 1996
|Litton Precision Prod Int
|System und Verfahren zur Erzeugung elektrisch leitfähiger Verbindungsstrukturen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaltungen und von bestückten Schaltungen
|Feb 6, 2002
|Aug 29, 2002
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Method of bonding a semiconductor device to an electrically conductive plate
|Feb 27, 2002
|Oct 17, 2002
|Motorola, Inc.
|Anti-scavenging solders for silver metallization
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 24, 1982
Owner name: BURROUHS CORPORATION, DETROIT, MICH. A CORP. OF MI
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|May 27, 1988
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|Nov 1, 1988
Owner name: SAMSUNG SEMICONDUCTOR AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS, LTD.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BURROUGHS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004990/0682
Effective date: 19881027
|May 21, 1992
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|Nov 7, 1994
Owner name: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Effective date: 19911210
|Mar 19, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Night Draws Near: Iraq's People in the Shadow of the American War
Anthony Shadid
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Markets |
LONDON Dec 4 The dollar fell to a six-week low against a basket of currencies on Tuesday as concerns over whether U.S. lawmakers can strike a deal on the "fiscal cliff" weighed on the currency.
The dollar index fell 0.3 percent to 79.653, its lowest level since Oct. 23 as traders continued to pare long positions in the U.S. currency.
The dollar's losses helped the euro extend gains and rise to a seven-week high of $1.30975, up 0.3 percent on the day.
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Measuring and evaluating academic innovation


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Soap / Cleansers / Washes
Scrub-a-dub-dub! Check out the latest in body cleansing products from body washes, bath soaps and body cleansers – everything you need to get sparkling clean! Check out the best body cleansers for delicate and sensitive skin and organic body care options too! Compare soap-free body washes and acne body washes with real body care product reviews
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Natures Organics
Plain bottle but very sweet scent!
I had been recently looking for a new perfume to buy and I came across this Juicy Couture perfume I had never seen before. It was nothing like their other fragrances.
great moisturiser
Thanks for the opportunity to trial this product BH :)
My favourite candle
I love, love, love this candle. It claims to be triple scented and whoah is it potent!
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text:
Mises Wire
"Last Knight" Live Blog 13 -- Greg Ransom
Economics out of a crucible describes the way World War and "war socialism" crystallized the scientific mind of Ludwig Mises. During WWI Mises spend 2 years at the front lines commanding an artillery unit. In 1916 — between front line assignments — Mises spent a further 7 months at the Scientific Committee for War Economics at the War Ministry. It must have been jarring to move from combat to an "Ivory Tower" government think tank and back again to combat. War gives men a surprising amount of time to think. At the same time war concentrates the mind like few other emotional experiences. We know what Mises was thinking about. In the summer of 1916 he spent his time writing about and speaking out about the contesting claims of economic imperialism and economic liberalism.
At the time of the war no full and systematic presentation of economic liberalism in its widest dimensions had ever been presented. The closest thing to it, Smith's The Wealth of Nations, was from generations in the past, and a world away in terms of the science and culture of "modern times". Many of the elites were embracing new intellectual fashions, most all of them celebrating one non-liberal economic panacea or another, all of them celebrating the state and its potential for controlling and advancing the destiny of men. All of this came to a head with onset of the war — the great symbol of the crack-up of the liberal international order of the 19th century.
Hulsmann takes an interesting approach to the war. He doesn't give us any account of how World War 1 got started, so there's nothing here about the shooting of a prince or unstoppable railroad mobilizations. At some point the war is simply underway — "And the war came" — to use Lincoln's words. Hulsmann's narrative strategy, which is becoming familiar at this point, is to give the reader a sympathetic account of Mises' historical interpretation of events derived from Mises' own theoretical writings, and not a great deal is added to this analysis in the way of alternative historical or theoretical narrative. So what we get in Mises — and from Hulsmann — is an understanding of the onset of the war as something like an historical inevitability, set up by the German population growth and the increasingly popular companion doctrines of economic nationalism and imperialistic expansion.
Mises approached the disaster of the war from the standpoint of the Carl Menger understanding of social science — the problem was to figure out whether war, trade controls and territorial expansion were the best means to ends sought by the German elites. In Mises' view the sort of thinking which led to war got started with the use of trade restrictions and authoritarian politics to deal with the problems of population growth, German out-migration, and the minority status of Germans in many parts of Eastern Europe.
I'll pick this up in the next post.


text:
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|8" strand
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|Package of 2
Read the comments (or add your own)
So very lovely!
This is gorgeous, Beth! The gold really plays with that shade of blue and works so well with the Vintaj elements.
Another gorgeous pick, Beth!
Congrats on POD, Beth!!!
OH! If I hadn't just sent in an order I'd be filling my basket with this beautiful POD!
What a lovely pick, Beth – - congrats on POD !
Congrats on your POD, Beth!
Lovely seems to be the descriptor of choice and I totally agree! Congrats on your pick of the day!
Congratulations on your well-deserved POD. Its truly unique and "lovely."
Great pick, love the color combo! Congrats on POD!
Congrats on POD, Beth Wonderful Pick!
Congrat son POD!
Congrats on the POD
such a sweet song….congrats!
A beautiful pick! Congrats on POD!
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text:
Four Points by Sheraton Hefei, Baohe
La région
Lying between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers, and dating back over 2,000 years, Heifei is the capital of Anhui Province. The Four Points by Sheraton Hefei, Baohe is conveniently located in Baohe Industry Park, at the crossing of Dalian and Beijing Roads. Retail shops are just steps away. The Central Business District (CBD) is 20 minutes away by car, and Hefei Luogang International Airport (HFE) is only a five-minute drive from the hotel.
Explore Hefei's prettiest park, Baohe Gongyuan. Surrounded by willow trees and lily ponds, visitors can take a leisurely stroll over the arched bridge that passes over a tranquil lake. This park is also home to Lord Bao's Tomb, built in 1066. Called Bao Gong Myuan, the tomb commemorates Northern Song Dynasty government official Bao Zheng, a symbol of justice and integrity, and one of China's most iconic figures. Xiaoyaojin Park, also known as Leisure Fort Park, is Hefei's largest, as well as the site where the historical Battle of Hefei took place. Admire more than 2,000 animals including giant pandas, Indian elephants, Siberian tigers, leopards, and red-crowned cranes at the Hefei Wildlife Park. More natural wonders can be found at Chaohu Lake, one of China's five largest freshwater lakes. Its top attractions are Laoshan Island, Zhongmiao Temple, hot springs (Bantang, Tang Pool, and Fragrant Spring), national forests, and water-eroded caves.
Visit the Anhui Provincial Museum and view its bronze exhibit, Huizhou-style architecture, and Han tomb engravings. Other history can be found at the pedestrian street Shangye Buxing Jie. A highlight there is Li Hongzhang Guju, once the home of the Qing Dynasty's military leader Li Hongzhang. Also noteworthy is the ancient Buddhist Mingjiao Temple.
Sample some local cuisine. Hefei's delicacies include Luzhou roasted duck, Lord Bao fish, caocao chicken, Li Hongzhang hodgepodge cuisine, honggao (baked cake), mabing (sesame cakes), baiqie (white sesame slices), and cunjin (sesame biscuits). For a taste of the arts, attend a vivid Lu Opera performance.
Voir la carte de la région
Attractions locales
- Temple Mingjiao 10.0 km/6.2 miles
Centres commerciaux
- Zone de développement économique et &technologique de Hefei 10.0 km/6.2 miles
- Temple de Bao Gong 9.0 km/5.6 miles
Destinations proches
- Quartier des affaires Central Hefei 10.0 km/6.2 miles
- Hefei Luogang International Airport 3.0 km/1.9 miles
- Gare de Hefei 12.0 km/7.5 miles
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169 of 172 people found the following review helpful
Liquid paraffin - clean burning, long lasting,
This review is from: Sterno Emergency Candles and Clear Mist
We have several of these "candles" in our house, to use during power outages. Being fueled with liquid paraffin, they burn without smoke or odor, and the fuel won't break down even after years of storage. The container is designed to extinguish the flame if it tips over - although the base is stable enough that it would take a big smack to tip it over.
The light from these candles is bright and clear, although not as bright as a flashlight. We put one on the kitchen counter and it lights the room enough to get around safely, but not enough to read by.
Because of the risk of fire, I wouldn't suggest using these candles in a tent or in a car (as one reviewer wanted to do). Set them safely on a table or countertop and enjoy 100 hours of non-smelly light.
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Showing 1-2 of 2 posts in this discussion
Initial post: Jan 7, 2012 11:31:15 AM PST
dlb says:
Clean burning, no black resitue or smoke? I can put something across the room for light with a flame, but I am on oxygen and can't get any closer than 5 feet, but my lungs don't need the residue or smoke that regular candles give off so this does not do that? We lost power for 10 days with Hurricane Irene.
In reply to an earlier post on Jan 7, 2012 11:57:29 AM PST
Lisa Kearns says:
There is a tiny bit of odor, but these burn very cleanly without noticeable smoke. Because the wick is short, it doesn't smoke like a regular candle can do. Any time you burn something there will be at least a little bit of odor or smoke, but liquid paraffin should be ok for you. I suggest you buy one and see if you can tolerate whatever fumes it might give off. If you find you can't tolerate it, then give it to someone. Being on oxygen, maybe it's safer to use an LED flashlight with batteries? Good luck to you!
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Review Details
Location: North Carolina, USA
Top Reviewer Ranking: 228


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NEW YORK -- Manny Pacquiao is mulling over options for his next fight, with three names still in the running for the lucrative shot at boxing's biggest box office attraction.
Pacquiao's adviser, Michael Koncz, told The Associated Press on Friday that no decision has been made on the opponent.
Former welterweight champion Shane Mosley, welterweight champ Andre Berto and lightweight champ Juan Manuel Marquez are the options and all have made financial proposals for the fight.
The bout will be May 7, a date Top Rank promoter Bob Arum confirmed to ESPN.com earlier this week.
"The situation is now that the date has been confirmed, it's May 7, more likely than not, the venue would be Las Vegas," Koncz said. "But with regards to the actual opponent, all three of the guys named before are still live opponents."
Arum was in the Philippines to celebrate Pacquiao's 32nd birthday on Friday, and was expected to present him with the options at that time. There were reports that Pacquiao might announce his opponent, but Koncz said that was untrue.
"It's the holiday season, Manny's birthday, Bob's here. We had discussions about the fight but nothing was finalized," Koncz said. "No rush."
Arum has said that Marquez and welterweight titlist Andre Berto are also on the short list and he has gotten term sheets from both.
Golden Boy Promotions CEO Richard Schaefer told ESPN.com's Dan Rafael earlier this week that has been pushing for Marquez.
Golden Boy is already holding May 7 for a fight card at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, a likely location of Pacquiao's next fight. But Schaefer said he has no interest in going to battle with Arum over the date.
"We are holding May 7 at the MGM but, of course, if Pacquiao is going to fight, I would step aside and give the date to Pacquiao and switch to April 16 [the original Pacquiao date] for what we were planning on doing," Schaefer said. "I really think if Pacquiao is going to fight May 7, on Cinco de Mayo weekend, you have to do Marquez on the Mexican holiday. Do you know how big that would be? It's a big fight no matter when it would be, but it would be even bigger on the Mexican holiday in Las Vegas."
Mosley -- who is 0-1-1 in a pair of poor performances against Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Sergio Mora in his last two fights -- has emerged as the favorite. Mosley is in the midst of a nasty breakup with Golden Boy, leaving the company to negotiate the Pacquiao fight on his own with Top Rank's Bob Arum, Pacquiao's promoter.
Whoever the opponent, Pacquiao will almost certainly ensure they make a fortune.
The Filipino Congressman defeated Joshua Clottey and Antonio Margarito before huge crowds at Cowboys Stadium this year, generating massive pay-per-view numbers both times. The performances were enough for Pacquiao to finish third in voting for 2010 AP Male Athlete of the Year behind New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees and five-time NASCAR champion Jimmie Johnson.
Those results, unlike his next opponent, were announced Friday.
"Nothing's finalized. Bob will go back and talk to the opponents' camps and then he'll get back to Manny and then, you know, we're in negotiations. I don't want to give any indication of who's ahead of who," Koncz said. "It's not the way to negotiate, in the media.
"There's no deadline per se, but who knows when?" Koncz said. "Maybe next week. Who knows?"
Information from ESPN.com's Dan Rafael and The Associated Press is included in this report.


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Top Definition
When someone is told to Google their own question.
Stan is seeing a pattern after asking everyone he knows very hard questions. He keeps getting told to Youggle his answer.
por backotruck 29 de Maio de 2013
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