text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jun 15, 1965
|Filing date
|Aug 29, 1961
|Priority date
|Aug 29, 1961
|Also published as
|Publication number
|James F Burgess, Gaynor Joseph, Bernard C Wagner
|Original Assignee
|Gen Electric
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (1), Classifications (20)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
3,189,481 ILMS June 15, 1965 J. GAYNOR ETAL METHOD FOR THE. PREPARATION OF COPPER SULFIDE F AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREBY 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 29, 1961 FEED ,EEL
TAKE UP REEL RES/S74 NCE M5145 UEE ME N T cor/=21? ION m/vs sauna/v Inventors li'i a: A17 5019 7' POWER (WATTS) ukwbakg MQEEQRQ Jseph Gaynor;
James FBurgess,
Bernard C. Wagner; by WW/ 4 Their Attorney- 3,189,481 E FILMS June 15, 1965 J. GAYNOR ETAL METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF COPPER SULFID AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREBY 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 29, 1961 v0 600 zo 40 so so 700 mlcno/v-sj am: 400 20 40 40 a0 :00 2o 40 ea [MILL zy/a VEL ENG 771' I7 s] I, Se 9 amen e 922 n O fa F mfw w whfi d m p m ewwm n m fi. T 5 y b United States Patent METHQD FOR THE PREPARATEQN 6F CGPPER SULFIDE FELMS AND PRGDUCTS @BTAZWED THEREBY doseph Gaynor and Flames F. Burgess, Schenectady, and Bernard C. Wagner, Troy, N.Y., assignors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Filed Aug. 29, 1%1, Ser. No. 134,761 6 Claims. (Cl. 117-211) This invention pertains to the preparation of improved copper sulfide films in situ by the conversion of certain zinc films with copper ions in a liquid medium. More particularly, the invention pertains to direct conversion of surface layer of a zinc sulfide-type compound deposited on a flexible polymeric substrate. Specifically, the present invention relates to the conversion of the major portion of a layer comprising a zinc sulfide-type compound by contacting the layer with a liquid solution of copper ions thereby producing a surface film which is primarily copper sulfide and has unexpectedly improved physical properties including optical transmission and stability.
Recently, a method for the direct preparation of electrically conducting copper sulfide films on a polymeric substrate has been disclosed in the prior copending application of D. A. Cusano et al., now Patent No. 3,095,324, entitled, Electrically Conducting Films, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. In the Cusano application, a layer of a zinc sulfide-type compound is deposited on a substrate and the layer subsequently converted in situ by replacing the cation of the zinc sulfidetype compound with a different metallic cation to form a surface-adjacent film of a substance having low electrical resistance. For example, the preparation of a preferred conducting surface layer is obtained by contacting the zinc sulfide-type compound with a liquid solution of copper ions for a period of time suflicient to convert a portion of the layer to copper suhide. The converted copper sulfide films are found to possess electrical conductivity and optical transmission characteristics which make them especially suitable as the conducting layer in a thermoplastic information recording medium of the type disclosed and claimed in the copending application of W. E. Glenn, now Patent No. 3,113,179, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the thermoplastic recording medium of the Glenn invention, a composite tape comprising a polymeric support layer, a conducting inner layer, and a thermoplastic recording layer is charged with an electrostatic pattern representative of the information to be stored. The charged thermoplastic recording layer is then heated above itssoftening point to produce deformations in the thermoplastic layer according to the electrostatic charge pattern. The liquid thermoplastic recording layer having deformations is subsequently cooled to preserve the information permanently in the recording medium. The conducting layer in the composite tape provides means for rapidly heating the recording layer above its Softening point by direct resistance or radio frequency h ting and also serves as a ground plane for deposition of the electrostatic charges. In such an application, it will be desirable for the conducting layer to possess uniform electrical resistance, exhibit good adherence to the substrate, and have sufiicient electrical conductivity for grounding the electrostatic charges. A convenient method for the retrieval of information from the deformed storage medium is to project a light beam completely through the entire recording medium whereby the light beam is deflected or defracted by the information bearing deformations to produce a spatial visable image. For efiicient employment of this read-out method, it is advantageous for all members of the composite tape to be optically trans- "ice parent so that the conducting layer should possess high transparency to light, especially visible light.
There are still many problems associated with the converted copper sulfide films prepared by the above described process on a flexible polymeric substrate. In this process, coatings of the zinc sulfide compound having a thickness of about 1000 angstroms or greater are deposited on the polymeric substrate and the surface portion of the layer converted to copper sulfide. Layers of this thickness are prone to cracking or crazing if associated with thin flexible substrates even during ordinary handling of the composite member. Deposition of a zinc sulfide-type compound from the vapor phase also requires suflicient heating of the deposited material so that a deposit in the mentioned thickness range develops permanent stresses due to differences in thermal expansion between the deposited material and the substrate. These stresses are sufficient to cause spelling or crazing of the layer. Heat treatment of the layer for removal of stress is not possible because annealing temperatures are Well above the liquid temperatures for the polymers employed as the substrate material. Still further problems are associated with a conversion of the conventional films which can be attributed to the thickness of the zinc sulfide layer. For example, thick films are more subject to loss of integrity and removal from the substrate during immersion in the liquid converting medium than thin films even with careful handling of the composite member. Additionally, conversion of a major portion of the layer to copper sulfide is not readily achieved with the layers now being applied.
While the conventional converted films are generally transparent over the entire visible spectrum, the films exhibit certain selective light absorption that reduces the total amount of all visible light which can be projected through the film. The selective absorption of light in the visible spectrum for a particular material is primarily a characteristic of the material composition. Although the total amount of light transmitted through a transparent absorbing medium can be adjusted with the thickness of the medium, it would be advantageous to reduce the selective absorption characteristics of the medium to facilitate greater total passage of visible light. For the particular converted films of the invention, it has been found, surprisingly, that selective absorption in the visible spectrum is substantially absent. Thus, the converted films of the present invention transmit more visible light because or characteristically difierent' light absorptive properties for the compositions.
It has not been possible heretofore to deposit satisfactory layers of the Zinc sulfide-type compound directly upon a polymeric substrate below a minimum thickness of around 500 angstroms. Extensive experience with the vapor deposition of both Zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide resulted only in non-uniform deposits below the minimum specified thickness. The variation in thickness for these extremely thin layers included large areas of the polymeric substrate void of any deposited material. Other portions of the substrate contained deposits less than angstroms thick which were removed from the substrate during the conversion process by an undercutting action of the liquid copper solution. Thus, circumvention of the problems associated with the conventional converted films by reducing film thickness cannot be achieved by known techniques.
It is the primary object of the invention, therefore, to provide stable converted copper sulfide films on a polymeric substrate having improved physical properties, especially optical transmission in the visible spectrum.
It is another important object of the invention to provide an improved information recording medium for the storage of information in the form of light modifying deformations.
deposited layer.
strates with metal nuclei is known for the purpose of conof the surface. additional liquid handling and drying equipment, it would .be desirable to condition the surface by a method em- It is still a further important object of the invention to provide a flexible polymeric'tape having a stable electrically conducting film deposited thereupon exhibiting 3 improved physical properties, especially optical transmission in the visible spectrum.
A still further important object of the invention is to I 'provide a modified method for the preparation of a converted copper sulfid film which facilitates continuous and rapid deposition of a zinc sulfide-type compound on a polymeric substrate.
These and other important objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
Briefly, the invention comprises th deposition of a zinc sulfide-type compound on a flexible polymeric substrate which has been specially treated to facilitate the deposit of an extremely thin uniform layer of the material. More particularly, the polymeric substrate upon which th zinc sulfide layer permits rapid and uniform dispersal of the deposited material on the surface so that thinner continuous films having the desirable properties hereinbefore mentioned can be obtained. Furthermore, it is now possible to deposit the zinc sulfide-type compound on a polymeric tape at speeds up to about 180 feet per minute which facilitates continuous preparation and conversion of the The nucleation of glass and metal subditioning these substrates for subsequent deposition of uniform metal films by vacuum deposition. While the nucleation and subsequent deposition of extremely thin uniform films on a polymer surface may appear to be an analogous process, inherent differences between the substrates requires a basically different approach to the problem. Both glass and metal substrates have crystalline surfaces which provide attachment sites for the deposited metal atoms. In contrast thereto, thenon-crystalline surface of a polymeric substrate is much less receptive to any attachment of the deposited atoms even after careful cleaning. The
conventional preparation of a polymer surface for vacuum deposition of a metal film employs an adhesive base coating often including mechanical or solvent roughening Since the conventional process requires ploying the same vapor. deposition equipment normally employed to deposit the zinc sulfide-type compound. I Furthermore, while the conventional conditioning process has been found adequate for the subsequent deposition of A relatively thick l500 angstroms) metal films, it is not suitable for uniform films of the zinc sulfide compound in the thickness range of the invention.
The invention may be practiced in its preferred embodiments as illustrated in the following description, taken in connection with the accompaning drawings in which:
7 FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of one form. of apparatus for carrying out the direct conversion of a deposited layer of the zinc sulfide-type compound on a continuous polymeric tape;
FIGURE 2 illustrates the relationship between the electrical resistance of an approximately 250 angstroms thick cadmium sulfide layer after conversion to copper sulfide and the nature of the cadmium sulfide layer; and
FIGURE 3 illustrates the optical transmission for a typical copper sulfide film prepared according to the invention compared to conventional copper sulfide films.
A 100 micron thick polyethylene terephthalate tape was nucleated with an approximately 8 angstroms thick deposit of copper by ordinary vacuum deposition techniques wherein the surface of the tape was exposed to copper vapor-s in an evacuated bell jar simply by passing the tape over 'a molten bath of copper. The polyethylene tereph- FIGURE 1 thalate tape used was a commercial product of the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc, and sold under the registered trademark Cronar and consisted of a polyethylene terephthalate material containing small intercondensed residues from dihydric alcohols such as polypropylene glycol-lfi. Representative conditions employed to nucleate the tape are listed in Table 1 :below together with the thickness of the nucleation deposits obtained. Next, an approximately 250 angstroms thick cadmium sulfide layer was deposited on the nucleated tape by vacuum evaporation of sintered cadmium sulfide from a 1 inch diameter, 1 /2 inch long boat placed at a distance of about approximately 2% inches away from nucleated tape surface. Volatilization of the cadmium sulfide was accomplished with resistance heating by means of a 0.060 inch diameter tantalum wire coil surrounding the boat. The power input to the resistance coil during deposition of the cadmium sulfide layer was approximately Watts. The speed of the tape over the boat during'the deposition was maintained at about 150 feet per minute. Satisfactory vacuum conditions in the bell jar for both nucleation and deposition of the zinc sulfide-type compound was produced at 10 10 millimeters of mercury pressure. A tightly adherent uniform layer of cadmium sulfide was obtained having individual crystalline diameters less than 150 microns.
Table 1 Thickness of Nucleation Deposit Boat Power 1 Tape Speed (angstroms) (watts) (Feet per minute) Boat power indicates the electrical power supplied to a 0.060 inch diameter tantalum resistance coil surrounding a 1 inch diameter, 1% inch long boat containing copper.
The conversion of the cadmium sulfide layer to copper sulfide was performed continuously in the apparatus of Accordingly, the rolled tape having the above cadmium sulfide layer was unwound and'immersed directly into a vessel containing an approximately 0.1
molar aqueous copper acetate solution at a temperature of about 80 C. The tape was fed continuously through .the solution for a total contact time in the solution of for thorough drying and thereafter rewound for storage.
As illustrated in FIGURE 1, electrical resistance measurements were made on the converted films prior to rewinding the tape by means of passing the tape over a roller connected to a measuring circuit.
7 A certain, definite relationship exists between the final electrical resistance of the converted copper sulfide film. and the nature of the zinc sulfide-type compound deposit as illustrated by reference to FIG. 2. In FIGURE 2,.there is shown the'variation in said electrical resistance with the power furnished to the particular resistance coil employed in the above embodiment; The data represents measurements made on various 250 angstroms thick cadmium sulfide layers converted under approximately identical conditions. From these results,'-it can be said that the rate of evaporation for the zinc sulfide-type compound has an apparently uniform linear'cfiect upon the resistance of the converted product. This is not to say that non-uniform films are obtained at. any given power input since the variation in final resistance amongst clifferent tapes at a given set of conditions has always been less than In another embodiment of the invention, an approximately 400 angstroms zinc sulfide layer was deposited on a 100 micron thick polyethylene terephthalate tape nucleated with a 4 angstroms thick copper deposit prior to the deposition of the zinc sulfide layer. The method for both nucleation of the tape and deposition of the zinc sulfide layer followed the general procedure described'in the preceding embodiment except that a lower tapespeed and higher power input to the resistance coil was made in a conventional manner to obtain a relatively thicker deposit.- Conversion of the majorportion of the zinc sulfide layer was accomplished in the apparatus in FIG- URE 1 employing an aqueous solution of the type described in the copending Cusano application.
The products of the invention comprise a transparent composite flexible polymeric tape having an electric-ally conductive coating of partially converted zinc sulfide-type compound overlying a nucleation deposit of'a low-surface mobility metal upon the surface of the tape. The products can be especially characterized by the physical properties of the electrically conducting surface coatings which supply the novel characteristics to the composite article. For example, the electrical resistance of the presentcopper sulfide outer layer in the coating ranges from about 10 ohms per square to about 10 ohms per square, whereas the electrical resistance of the polymeric substrate is in the order of about 10 ohms per square. The optical transmission for the composite article in the visible spectrum ranges from-about 50-90% of the transmission for the base tape depending upon the thickness of the converted zinc sulfide-type compound layer. This compares with transmissions ranging from about 2-83% for the conventional coatings depending both upon the thickness and the selective absorption of the coating. The coatingsof the present invention can further be characterized as stable, continuous layers having a total thickness of about 50 an stroms to about 400 angstroms and comprising generally an under layer of the original zinc sulfide-type compound With a surface conducting layer of copper sulfide, the surface layer making up at least 50% of the total thickness of the coating. In further explanation, conversion of a layer of the zinc sulfide-type compound having the minimum specified thickness yields a film which is substantially all converted. Conversion of progressively thicker films in the specified range yields proportionately less copper sulfide layer although in all thicknesses, theproportion of copper sulfide layer exceeds the unconverted zinc sulfide layer. The uniformity in electrical resistance at different areas in a given copper sulfide layer is often beyond the sensitivity of conventional measuring circuits so that reproducibility in electrical resistance is within a few percent of the average for the specific conversion conditions employed. The chemical composition of the conducting portion of the film cornprises monovalent copper sulfide having a structural formula of C11 8 and Cu S Minor constituents in the conducting layer may include bivalent cupric ions in the form of cupric sulfide and residual zinc sulfide-type compound.
- The zinc sulfide-type compounds which can be conyer-ted in situ to yield the improved transparent, electrically conducting surface layers are characterized as having a cation from Group EB of the periodic table excluding mercury and a non-metallic anion from Group VI of the periodic table other than poloniurn. Suitcomplex compounds such as zinc-cadmium sulfide, zinccadmium selenide, zinc sulfo-selenide, cadmium sulfoselinide, zinc cadmium sulfo-selenide, and the like. The formation of thin transparent films comprising microcrystalline deposits of the suitable materials on a thin polymeric substrate is known, as for example, by vapor reaction of a zinc or ca'dmium containing compound with thesulfide, selenide, or telluride gas in the vicinity of the heated substrate such as is described in'the Cusano Patent 2,732,313. It will-be realized, of course, that for thermoplastic type substrates suchas polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, certain polyesters and polycarbonates, heating the substrate above the fluidtemperature should be avoided to prevent plastic flow. The preferred zinc sulfide-type materials are those with the cation possessing the approximate ionic radius ofcopper which permits faster reaction rate during the conversion step. Consequently, cadmiumsulfide with an ionic radius of approximately 0.97 is preferable to zinc sulfide with an ionic radius 0.74 since the ionic radius of copper is 0.96.
Suitable solutions for conversion of the zinc sulfidety-pe compound to copper sulfide are prepared with soluble copper compounds including copper acetate, copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper bromide, copper nitrate, copper iodide, copper carbonate, copper acetylacetonate and an inert polar solvent. The solvent is preferably water but may as well be an organic polar liquid suchas ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, or any similar-polar solventwhich does not inhibit transfer of the metallic ions'between the solution and the zinc sulfide-type compound surface or react chemically with the solute'or the zinc sulfide-type compound layer to an extent to prevent the formation of the conducting film which will destroy the zinc sulfide-type layer. Extreme acidic solution, therefore, should not be used and the pH of the slution should be between about 48. The conversion of zinc sulfide-type compound to copper sulfide is facilitated by the presence of monovalent cuprous ions in the conversion solution so that it is desirable to include such reducing agents as hydrazine sulfate and sodium hyposulfite in the solution when a divalent copper compound is used for the conversion. It may also be desirable to add such'complexing agents as pyridine, ammonia, aniline, quinoline, thiourea, and other well-known complexing agents, when monovalent copper compounds are employed for the conversion, in order to increase the solubility of certain, only sparingly soluble, monovalent copper compounds. The concentration of the copper ion in solution is not believed critical and has no effect on the reaction over the concentration range 0.01-1 molar solutions.
Suitable nucleating agents for deposition of the polymeric substrate surface are metals having sutficient volatility to be vaporized by ordinary vacuum deposition techniques and which form sta'ble deposits on the polymeric surface. The latter identifying characteristics can be further amplified as low-surface mobility for individual metal atoms so that the deposits do not there after migrate with heating of the polymeric substrate and disturb the stability of the overlying layer of the zinc sulfide-type compound. More particularly, the deposits of the nucleating material can be described as approximately 2-12 angstroms thick islands of the material on the receptor surface of the polymeric substrate. The stability or the low-surface mobility of the nucleation deposits depends upon adequate bonding of the metal atoms to the polymeric substrate and will be influenced by such factors as the condition of the substrate and the tendency of the metal atoms to re-evaporate. While the exact mechanism of nucleation is not known at the present time so that the applicants are not desirous of limiting the invention to any particular theoretical considerations, a certain relationship between the polymer and the nucleating atoms is believed necessary for suca1. and 2,867,541-Coghill'et al.
.cessful nucleation. Greater stability of the nucleation deposit can be expected if the latent heat of evaporation A more detailed description of the phenomenonis found on pages 199-206 of Vacuum Deposition of Thin Films, by L. Holland, John Wiley and Sons (1958). Specific nucleating agents for useful polymeric substrates including polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyesters, or polycarbonates can be selected'from the group consisting of silver, chromium, copper, tungsten, and platinum. In contrast thereto, high-surface mobility metals such as cadmium, zinc, bismuth, tin, and gold are not satisfactory nucleating agents for the useful polymeric substrate- The preferred nucleating agents are metals which in the thickness range of the nucleation deposits exhibit the highest optical transmission and of the five specific nucleating agents disclosed, copper has the highest optical transmission.
It is not intended to limit the invention to the conditions for deposition of the zinc sulfide-type compound and its subsequent conversion to copper sulfide mentioned in the above preferred embodiments. Suitable conditions for the deposition of a satisfactory cadmium sulfide or zinc sulfide layer are Well known and alternate procedures to the method of the Cusano Patent 2,732,- 313 are set forth in US. Patents 2,732,-312Young et In all such methods of deposition, heating of the substrate must not exceed the fluid temperature of the polymeric substrate which for Cronar is under 150 C. The conversion of the deposited zinc sulfide-type compound by dissolved copper ions takes place at room temperature with increasing aeaction rate as the temperature of the solut on is increased. The limitation on solution temperature is once again the fusion of the polymeric substrate orvaporiza- .tion of constituents in the solution; Whereas the degree of conversion is a function primarily of the solution temperature rather than solution concentration and residence timein the solution, for the thin zinc sulfide-type compound layers of the present invention, the conversion of 'more than half of the layer thickness can be achieved at processing speeds up to at least 180 feet per minute. The rapid conversion of the layer facilitates continuous deposition and conversion of the layer.
From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that improved flexible, transparent, electrically conducting zinc sulfide films on a flexible polymeric substrate have been provided. It is not intended to limit the invention to the preferred embodiments above shown, since it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that certain modifications of the present teaching can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. It is intendedto limit the present invention, therefore, only to the scope of the following claims;
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
-1. A method for the preparation of a transparent electrically conducting film on a flexible polymeric substrate which comprises nucleating the receptor surface of the substrate with a low-surface mobility metal, vapor depositing a crystalline layer approximately 50 to 400 angstroms thick of -a first compound selected from the group having a cation selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, and mixtures thereof and an anion selected from the group consistingof sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof on the receptor surface of the substrate, and contacting the crystalline layer with a liquid solution of copper ions for a period of time suflicie'nt toconvert at least the major portion of the crystalline layer to an electrically conducting copper compound film wherein copper ions are substitued for cations of said first compound. a
. 8 r :2. A method for preparing a transparent electrically conducting copper sulfide film on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate which comprises evaporating an approximately 212 angstroms thick nucleation deposit of a low-surface mobility metal selected from the group r a liquid solution of copper ions for a period of time ,suflicient to convert substantially all of the crystalline layer to an electrically conducting copper compound formed by the substitution of copper ions for cations of the original compound.
3. A composite flexible tape which comprises a transparent polymeric support layer, an approximately 2-12 angstroms thick nucleation deposit of a low-surface mobility metal upon the surface of the support layer, an approximately 50400 angstroms thick stable transparent layer of a partially converted crystalline compound selected from the group having a cation selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, and mixtures thereof and an anion selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof overlying the nucleation deposit, the partially converted layer being characterized by the absence of substantial selective light adsorption in the visible spectrum and com prising an under layer of the compound having an outer surface layer wherein copper ions are substituted for cations of the compound. a
4. A composite flexible tape which comprises a transparent polymeric support layer, an approximately 2-12 angstroms thick nucleation deposit of a metal selected from the group consisting of silver, chromium, copper, tungsten, and platinum upon the surface of the support layer, an approximately 50-400 angstroms thick stable transparent layer of a partially converted crystalline compound selected from the group having a cation selected from the group consisting of Zinc, cadmium, and'mixtures thereof and an anion selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof overlying the nucleation deposit, the partially. converted layer being characterized by the absence of substantial selective light adsorption in the visible spectrum and comprising an under layer of the compound having an outer surface layer of an electrically conducting copper compound formed by the replacement of cations of the original compound by copper ions.
'5. A composite flexible tape which comprises a transparent polyethylene terephthalate support layer, an approximately 2-12 angstroms thick nucleation deposit of cadmium, and mixtures there'of'and an anion selected, from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium,
and mixtures thereof over-lying the nucleation deposit, the partially converted layer being characterized by the absence of substantial selective light adsorption in the.
visible spectrum and comprising an under layer of the compound and an outer surface layer of an electrically conducting copper compound formed by the replacement of cations of the original compound by copper ions.
6. 'In an information storage medium of the type comprising a transparent flexible polymeric support layer, a transparent conducting layer, and a transparent thermoplastic recording layer, the improvement which comprises having as the conducting layer approximately 50 to 400 angstroms thick a stable transparent layer of a partially converted crystalline compound selected from the group having a cation selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, and mixtures thereof and an anion selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof overlying a nucleation deposit of a low-surface mobility metal on the surface of the support layer, the partially converted layer being characterized by the absence of substantial selective light adsorption in the visible spectrum and comprising an under layer of the compound having an upper layer of an electrically conducting copper compound formed by the replacement of cations of the original compound by copper ions.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS Barth 11771 X McLean et al. 11771 X Peck et al. 117211 X Barth 117-213 Sher et al 117217 X Cusano et a1 117-215 RICHARD D. NEVIUS, Primary Examiner.
JOSEPH B. SPENCER, Examiner.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 25, 1951
|Feb 22, 1955
|Western Electric Co
|Method of applying metallic stripes to a web of paper
|Jun 15, 1950
|May 31, 1955
|Electrical capacitors
|Jul 16, 1951
|Apr 3, 1956
|Sprague Electric Co
|Process of bonding a metal film to a thermoplastic sheet and resulting product
|Apr 25, 1957
|Jan 17, 1961
|Western Electric Co
|Capacitor sections and methods of making the same
|Aug 5, 1960
|May 22, 1962
|Hal F Fruth
|Electrical component preparation utilizing a pre-acid treatment followed by chemical metal deposition
|Apr 14, 1960
|Jun 25, 1963
|Gen Electric
|Method for making electrically conducting films and article
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 19, 1974
|Apr 10, 1979
|Korjukin Alexandr V
|Method of manufacturing a transparent body having a predetermined opacity gradient
|U.S. Classification
|428/216, 428/698, 428/697, 428/469, 428/458, 427/251
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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2001 Ford Taurus V6 Front Wheel Drive Automatic 118000 miles
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Despite their morphological differences, human and model organisms share a strong conservation of genes as well as fundamental biological pathways. This extensive conservation has promoted the use of model organisms as a means to study conserved processes. In particular, animal model organisms are widely used to explore potential causes and treatments for human disease in instances where experimentation on humans would be unfeasible or unethical.
Recognizing the potential of model-organism-based studies, between 2002 and 2007, the European Commission's FPs (FP5, FP6) provided more than 150 million for collaborative research projects on model organisms, such as mouse, rat, zebrafish, plant, nematode worm and bacteria. These projects are playing an important role in structuring the research landscape in Europe and creating the knowledge base to understand health and disease. Furthermore, they are generating important and freely available data and/or animal resources that will catalyse progress in biomedical research.


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4.5 stars 31 totalReview Brian Sullivan
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Posted by Brian
Brian Sullivan leaves no stone unturned, his attention to details down to every minute is unparalleld compared to other attorneys that I encountered. After having a third alcohol related case thrown back into my life, all I wanted was to deal with it to the best extent possible and move on with my life. My career as a CDL driver was at risk and Brian Sullivan is the lawyer that made it possible to keep my license and career.
Brian extensively reviewed every last bit of evidence in my case and reviewed everything with me and truly did whatever was possible to get a result that was favorable for my situation. I had two previous cases from over 14 years ago from my foolish early twenties that were going to make this case very difficult. Having blown a .16 along with a 911 witness call, this case was going to be quite difficult to be able to keep my license and my career. Through Brian's unparalleled legal expertise in these kinds of cases I was able to have what seemed to be an open-and-shut DUI conviction pled down to a non-driving violation of Reckless Endangerment, allowing me to continue to work.
Brian is truly a miracle worker. For example, he subpeoned both police officers to the DOL hearing. Brian had previously cross examined these officers in court before and the officers knew that he was an aggressive attorney that would incorpate any and all errors that the officers had made. His reputation of being extremely thorough and aggressive worked in our favor as both police officers failed to even appear for this hearing which in turn got this portion of my case dismissed and ruled in my favor.
I had previously dealt with attorneys that just saw me as "another number" in the system and they wanted to just make their money off of me with minimal work. Brian Sullivan on numerous occasions would change his schedule and prioritize items that were urgent in my case. Brian's staff, especiall Mr. John Hitt, were phenominal and so caring about my case. I did not end up leaving endless messages on answering machines or waiting days for return phone calls. They take care of you and your questions immediately, which I have from experience know that this is an extremely rare attribute.
If there is absolutely any possible problem with the prosecutors case, I guarantee you that Brian will find it. Due to Brian's extreme attention to detail, he was able to find numerous problems with the case. Brian is just so mastered in DUI cases that he was able to find problems with the initial reason for the stop and the fact that I was not given roadside tests. What seemed to be hopeless was quite the opposite in fact, and because of Brian's prowess, I'm able to move on from this with the absolute minimum repercussions possible in my given situation.
He's not just a normal DUI lawyer, he's truly the best in Everett. After his courteousness and willingness to openly discuss any and all aspects of the situation, I knew that Brian had my back. He laid to rest all of my questions and fears along each step of the process while explaining each part in the most understanding way. Although I may never personally require Brian's services again, I know that there is no other lawyer that I would place my full faith in as much as Brian Sullivan.
Posted by a client
Seems to really know his stuff. Professional and you know he's handled cases like these hundreds of times. Seems to know the prosecutors and the deputies as well. Every little bit helps.
While I've just secured him for the initial arraignment, I'm very happy so far with his attitude and approach.
Posted by Fred
Brian and his staff are first class. He tells you how it is and gets it done. Very experienced and easy to work with. He had my DUI arrest reduced to Reckless Driving even though I was going 92 in 45 zone and my BAC was well over legal limit. He also had an assault charge dismissed against me. If you need an attorney, Brian is a great choice.
Posted by Madaline
I am so glad I got referred to Brian because he literally was the best thing that ever happened to me! Got my whole case dismissed because he knew his facts and was aggressive in court. Such an awesome experience seeing him question and work up there. Him and his firm were really great to me and they were always welcoming and kept me updated on my court dates. He told me everything straight up and weighed out all of my options with me. He worked with my budget and was awesome through the whole experience. I was blessed and given a second chance and there's no way I could have done it without Brian!! Thank you so much!!!!!!
Posted by Momodou
My experience with Sullivan representing me for a domestic violence case I had was phenomenal. I was represented with integrity, respect and professionalism. Brian is an attorney I would recommend for anybody out there that needs an attorney. He is young, motivated and ready to make sure that his clients are satisfied. I was was charged with assault 4 and as we all know that Washington state is the worst state to catch a DV case, but Brain and his team worked hard to see to it that justice was served and I was able to get a DISMISSAL!
Posted by Sam
I had Mr. Brian Sullivan as my lawyer for domestic violence DV-4. I been accused for something didn`t do so I called his office so shortly he called me back and he gave me his advice and consultation with no obligations. I went to his office and we discussed my case. He was Honest, very organized, professional and excellent at what he does.
He talked to me about what happen and why I was facing Washington State DV. He explained my situation and analyzed any potential issues that may make it difficult to the prosecutor to move on with the DV case.
Mr. Brian provided me with a game plan in a form of list needed to be done such as getting the Police report and witness for review.
He was fast and ready for the court dates; I was amazed of how he carried himself in the court room. He got the dismissal for my case and that because he cared and know how to handle cases like mine.
If you need a lawyer for domestic violent case in Washington State he is the one with no doubt.
Thank you so much Mr .Brian


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Spring is around the corner . Updated photos on a beautiful week end . 1 up grade done installed 3:73 rear end gears over the past week .wow,! What a difference that made .


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Ducks and Cover
Published: Tuesday, January 5, 2010 at 3:17 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, January 5, 2010 at 3:17 a.m.
In October, a pregnant Muscovy duck chose the perfect spot for her babies - bushes in the yard of our neighbors, Jim and Peggy Hall of Four Lakes. She laid nine eggs there.
Worried that interested-but-careless neighbors would intrude, Peggy circled the bushes with yellow-and-black crime-scene-like tape, and posted a sign asking for no feeding or interference.
Seven eggs hatched in mid-November. Peggy allowed the mother to leave with two of her chicks because, she said, "I didn't want to break her heart."
But she kept the other five because she knew they were not likely to survive because ospreys and eagles would view them as tasty appetizers. Sure enough, the two released ducklings disappeared within 24 hours.
Peggy took the others inside, put down a tarp on her back porch, sprinkled purchased wood chips on it, put a wire pen around it with a huge tub inside and made a home for the fuzzy baby ducks, so tiny they'd fit in the palm of your hand.
For the next five weeks or so, she fed the ducks, replenished the dirty tub water four or five times a day, washed off the tarp and played Mother Hen to her adopted brood.
In mid-December, Peggy announced that she would release the ducks on Christmas and invited people to attend.
On Christmas morning, about 30 people gathered on the small island on the pond at the golf course. The newly freed ducks wandered around, still bunched together, but unabashed at all the people taking dozens of photos of them and sipping on the Mimosas that Peggy served up.
We humans left, the ducks stayed put for an hour or so, then swam off into the pond, where they were reunited with their parents.
For those of us who were there, it was an unforgettable Christmas.
Winter Haven
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"At their wit's end, they cry unto the Lord in their trouble, and he bringeth them out" (Ps. 107:27, 28).
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Tongaat Hulett Profit Increases 30% as Sugar Output Advances
Tongaat Hulett Ltd., South Africa's largest sugar producer by market value, said first-half profit rose as production increased and costs declined.
Net income increased 30 percent to 655 million rand ($75 million) in the six months through September from a year earlier, the Mount Edgecombe-based company said in a statement. Revenue rose 23 percent to 7.4 billion rand, it said. Earnings per share climbed 27 percent to 5.94 rand.
"Total sugar sales volumes in the first six months of the 2012/13 year were 9 percent above the first half of last year, with higher sugar production levels, a larger crop and a drive to end the milling season earlier this year," the company said.
Tongaat estimates full-year sugar production will increase as much as 15 percent following a 14 percent jump in output last year. While the sugar season has advanced, excessive rainfall could hamper harvesting and lead to cane being carried over to the next season, the company said.
The stock fell 0.6 percent to 133.15 rand, its lowest on a closing basis since July 18, by 10:14 a.m. in Johannesburg. About 9,300 shares, or 5.2 percent of the daily average over the last three months, changed hands.


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Search results
Did you mean: united states area
Create the page "United States Army" on this wiki! See also the search results found.
- Metro Detroit. Home of General Motors Technical Center and the United States Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center.2 KB (179 words) - 02:46, 5 April 2016
- 1-Labor Day: tours begin at noon and 5PM daily. Fort built by the United States Army in 1879, in the aftereat Sioux War of 1876. $6 adults, $5 seniors5 KB (379 words) - 11:09, 30 May 2016
- Benicia Historical Museum is housed in the former Benicia Arsenal, a United States Army Depot, home of the infamous Camel Corps. Adults $5, Seniors/students6 KB (464 words) - 02:08, 23 May 2015
- proper through the Imperial Army in the province. The Ridge constituted the East Flank of the 121st Infantry of the United States Armed Forces in the Philippines5 KB (727 words) - 02:01, 7 May 2016
- name, Grafenwöhr, means Counts' Island. It is widely known for the United States Army military installation and training area, called Grafenwöhr Training4 KB (475 words) - 13:42, 9 January 2016
- Bridge connects to here from Staten Island, and Fort Hamilton, a United States Army Base, is here as well. There is a great variety of good values in16 KB (1,652 words) - 08:27, 3 October 2015
- War. Dr. John Milton Hawks, an abolitionist and United States Army Surgeon, along with other Union Army officers formed the Florida Land and Lumber Company17 KB (1,772 words) - 17:48, 8 May 2016
- military history, home to headquarters and military posts of the United States Army from 1794 until 1966, then a complex for the U.S. Coast Guard before41 KB (5,362 words) - 14:11, 11 June 2016
- Verrazano-Narrows Bridge connects to Staten Island, and Fort Hamilton, a United States Army Base, is here as well. There is a great variety of good values in39 KB (5,443 words) - 07:09, 2 June 2016
- mainland United States. City Hall, facing east by the Plaza de Colón, dates from the Spanish colonial era. It was remodeled by the United States Army Corp15 KB (2,311 words) - 18:38, 7 May 2016
- 1832 by Chief Keokuk, representing the Sauk and Mesquaki tribes, and United States Army General Winfield Scott at what is now Fifth and Farnum Streets. LeClaire74 KB (8,673 words) - 14:30, 24 May 2016
- Rock Island is the county seat of Rock Island County, Illinois, United States, with a population of 39,018 in 2010. It is one of the Quad Cities,22 KB (2,629 words) - 21:31, 8 May 2016
- proximity to the nearby United States Army base, many GIs are found here in the evenings and weekends. However, the US army has decided to move the base23 KB (3,014 words) - 18:49, 15 April 2016
- Lane & Cedar Grove Avenue). 6AM-8PM. This park was operated as a United States Army airfield from 1919-1969. Now, it is a large, mostly grass park with51 KB (6,368 words) - 20:02, 2 May 2016
- American Civil War (redirect United States Civil War)deaths in total. The United States still bears scars from this conflict, where the southern states formed the Confederate States of America, attempting7 KB (924 words) - 01:55, 22 March 2016
- Texas (category United States of America)Texas is the second largest and second most populous state in the United States of America. Owing to its remarkable size, distinctive culture and politics33 KB (4,924 words) - 13:57, 26 June 2016
- The United States has an extensive series of National Parks, National Monuments, National Historic Sites, National Recreational Areas, and National Preserves119 KB (11,723 words) - 18:44, 20 June 2016
- The United States of America is a large country in North America, often referred to as the "USA," the "U.S.," the "United States," "America," or simply280 KB (42,295 words) - 18:25, 24 July 2016
- the eastern United States can be found in the heartland of the East Coast, the Mid-Atlantic. This region of the U.S.A. comprises five states and a federal26 KB (3,554 words) - 09:19, 23 May 2016
- Mexico (redirect United Mexican States)officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is a country in North America, lying between the United States of America to113 KB (16,794 words) - 21:20, 24 July 2016


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Trail and show mules available. Call for more information 606-310-0828 www.kiddmules.com$5,000
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The Galena Park Independent School District's annual Rodeo Art Show was held on Thursday, January 14th in the North Shore Senior High School auditorium. This event featured artwork by approximately 450 students in grades K-12 from each elementary, middle and high school campus in the district. The Houston Livestock Show and RodeoTM School Art Committee judged the 2016 GPISD Rodeo Art Show and bestowed special recognition on eight pieces of artwork selected as "Best in Show", "Gold Medal" and "Special Merit" winners. Those winning pieces will be prominently displayed in the Hayloft Gallery at the NRG Center throughout the duration of this year's Houston Livestock Show and RodeoTM. Approximately 50 pieces of art, as determined by the final round of Grand Prix judging, will be auctioned. Every participant in the School Art Program is a winner, receiving a certificate of merit signed by the Show president, and a blue, red or white ribbon for achievement. Click HERE for additional information.
Sounds and Sights of the Season
Cloverleaf Elementary Honor Choir performs at Sam's Club
Combined North Shore Middle School Wind Ensemble and Varsity Choirs
Galena Park High School Jacketeers participated in the annual Jacinto City Christmas Parade (above)
Galena Park Middle School Treble Choir performs at the GPISD Administration Building (above)
GPISD Elementary District Honor Choir (above)
Galena Park Middle School Band, 6th grade trombones (above)
North Shore Sr. High School Chorale (above)
Galena Park High School Band (above)
Future Music Educators Visit Texas State University
The Galena Park ISD's chapter of the Texas Future Music Educators visited Texas State University in San Marcos on Wednesday, November 18th. TFME sponsors are Jessica Meng (Galena Park High School) and Coty Raven Morris (North Shore Sr. High School).
North Shore Sr. HS Theatre Presents...
North Shore Sr. High School Theatre will present George Orwell's 1984 (adapted for the stage by Michael Gene Sullivan) November 12th through 14th in the NSSH auditorium. Based on the iconic novel by George Orwell, 1984 brings us the story of Winston Smith, a cog in the giant machine state of Oceania. Physically and mentally under the omnipresent eye of Big Brother, Winston has been caught struggling for scraps of love and freedom in a world awash with distrust and violence. With the brutal "help" of four Party Members, Winston is forced to confess his Thoughtcrimes before an unseen inquisitor, and the audience -- which acts as a silent witness to his torture. Tickets are $10 at the door and $5 pre-sale. NSSH theatre teachers are Veronica Stell, Vaughn Belcher, Fernando Albarran and Daniell Wilson.Galena Park HS Theatre Presents...
Tim decides that the best way to express his love for Cindy is to get her name tattooed on his back. But when she ends the relationship, Tim realizes that he's doomed to date only girls named Cindy for the rest of his life. Breaking up just got harder. Galena Park High School Theatre will present The Search for Cindy on Friday, November 6th at 7:00 PM in the Rountree Auditorium. GPHS Theatre teacher is Amy Harris.
MacArthur Elementary Music
MacArthur Elementary 3rd grade music students performed during a PTA meeting on Thursday, September 17. MacArthur Elementary music teacher is Gutember Urtiz. Fall performances are underway, check with your campus or the Fall Performing Arts Calendar for dates and times.HSO High School Residency ProgramThe Galena Park ISD is proud to announce that Galena Park High School is one of eight schools in the greater Houston Area that has been selected to participate in the Houston Symphony Orchestra's High School Residency Program. The HSO's Residency Program will strive to inspire and motivate students to continue playing their instruments with the highest musical goals in mind, thereby increasing academic achievement and 21st century fluencies. The Galena Park ISD has a long standing partnership with the Houston Symphony that includes all 5th grade students and middle school band students attending a performances at Jones Hall as well as elementary school choirs and high school band and choir ensembles performing in the lobby of Jones Hall prior to evening concerts. This next step in the partnership will have a major impact on the instrumental program at GPHS with coaching from individual Houston Symphony musicians, chamber ensemble coaching sessions, ensemble rehearsals with Symphony musicians, clinics with HSO Associate Conductor Robert Franz, student workshops, composer-in-residence projects and attending open rehearsals on stage at Jones Hall. The Galena Park High School Band is under the direction of Jessica Meng and Clay Jasper.
Houston Symphony Musician Partners With NSMS Band
The Houston Symphony's Community-Embedded Musician Program, beginning in the 2015-16 Season, is a new initiative designed to embed musicians more deeply in the community and to better represent and serve the diverse population of Greater Houston. The primary role of this exciting new program will focus on directly enhancing the impact of the orchestra's growing education and community engagement activities. Through this new program, the Houston Symphony has hired an initial set of four salaried string players whose primary role is to be embedded in Houston schools, neighborhoods and health-care settings as teaching artists and performers, while also performing on stage with members of the Houston Symphony in approximately 25 concerts each year. The North Shore Middle School Band, under the director of Brandi Killough and Danny Rubio, is excited to be working with Houston Symphony double-bassist, David Conner during the 2015-2016 school year.Welcome New Fine Arts Teachers
The Galena Park ISD Fine Arts is pleased to welcome seventeen new art, music, dance and theatre teachers to our department for the 2015-2016 school year.
New art teachers are (front row) Monica Rodriguez, Morgan Gibbins, Lindsay Holt, (back row) Rex Gonzales, Corey Haynes, Tony Hurtado, and Jeremy Emmons.
New dance and theatre teachers are Fernando Albarran, Audra Taylor, Taylor Reyna and Daniell Wilson.
New elementary music, band and choir teachers are Samantha Vickery, Jonathan Van Ommerman, Teri Cain, Grant Lyons, Kayla Vickers, and Carey O'Rarden.
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Meals at small independent restaurants contained up to 18% more calories than similar meals at large-chain restaurants, and 8% of meals from smaller establishments had more than 2,000 calories, a study found. A second study also revealed that individual meals at chain restaurants had very high sodium and fat content, while a third study noted a small increase in sodium content in fast food. The findings appear in JAMA Internal Medicine.
Full Story:Reuters


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Navasota is coming off back-to-back close calls but the Rattlers remain unbeaten and retain first place in 24-3A.
Tonight the number 4 team in the state takes on Taylor.
Picking things up in the 3rd quarter, Jacolby Stokes hands off to Dexter Pratt on the sweep. He bounces it to the outside and into the zone for the score.
Rattlers extend their lead to 3 touchdowns.
But the Ducks fight back: QB Rick Cobia hands off to Mark Jackson, he takes it to the outside and hits the deck. That will put Taylor on the board for the touch.
But Navasota hangs on as the Ducks run out of time.
42 to 21 is your final.
Navasota plays at Cameron-Yoe next week, while Taylor has Caldwell at home.


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Phil 'er Up
Of all the problems the Astros have had this season, coaching, apparently, ain't one of them. That's clear as today, your Houston Astros have reupped with manager Phil Garner. The Astros manager is now under contract through 2008. A man who's no longer under contract is Jim Hickey, the 'Stros pitching coach.
That's interesting, considering that stats show that the Astros boasted the National League's second-lowest ERA (4.08), and tied the New York Mets for the most shutouts (12). Last year, the team ranked second in the NL with a 3.51 ERA and led the league with the fewest runs and walks allowed.
Definitely a reason to fire the guy who coaches your pitchers, right?
It'll be interesting to see what Drayton McClane has to say about Hickey's dismissal. For a team that desperately needs a bat with some punch, kicking the guy who coached Andy and Roger to the curb seems suspect. We'll be watching.
Oh, btw: Is it us, or does Phil bear a striking resemblance to this guy? — Steven Devadanam
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The Waterberg Nature Conservancy honours selected Waterberg residents for their accomplishments and contributions to the Waterberg and/or the planet. Honorary Membership entitles them to life-long free membership in the Conservancy, our great respect for their achievements and leadership in conservation, and our personal pleasure that they live with us in the Waterberg.
Clive and Conita Walker
Clive Walker has been synonymous with conservation and environmental education for over 40 years. From his early days as a game ranger and hunter based in the Tuli Block of Botswana, he became a wildlife artist of renown. Sales of his work contributed funds that enabled him to participate in the formation, in 1973, of the Endangered Wildlife Trust, which ranks as one of the top conservation organisations of southern Africa. Two years later, Clive and Conita set up their own full-time wildlife trailing venture, Educational Wildlife Expeditions, which over the next 15 years introduced thousands of people, young and old, to the marvels of the natural environment at locations around the country.
In 1980, Clive joined the Rhino and Elephant Specialist Group of the EWT as a consultant. He became closely associated with efforts to save the black rhino in particular, from extinction, although he has also been involved in many initiatives regarding the conservation of Africa's elephant population. In 1980, Clive left the EWT to help establish the newly created Lapalala Wilderness with its conservationist benefactor, Dale Parker.
In 1985, with the continued generous support of Dale Parker, Clive established the Wilderness Leadership School on Lapalala, an institution he and Conita ran until their retirement in 2003.
Meanwhile, Conita developed a Living Museum at Melkrivier, where she dedicated herself to bringing up orphaned rhino calves and educating the public on their behaviour. Together with one of their sons, Anton, they established the Clive Walker Foundation, which for a period operated a museum and art gallery at Melkrivier that focused on rhino and the life of Eugene Marais. While there, Clive was instrumental in the creation of the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, as well as the foundation of the Waterberg Nature Conservancy – of which he was the first Chairman.
Clive is the author or co-author of numerous books relating to wildlife and conservation, including Signs of the Wild, Twilight of the Giants, Okavango from the Air, Predators of Southern Africa, Dear Elephant, Sir and The Soul of the Waterberg. He is currently completing an autobiography anchored by a theme of his experiences with baobabs, his favourite trees. Conita has recently completed the story of her own remarkable life as a missionary's daughter, teacher, air hostess, wilderness trails operator and conservation educator.
Charles and Nina Baber
The Conservancy recognizes Charles' life-long involvement and leadership in many aspects of the Waterberg. Specialising in Bonsmara cattle, Charles has been a successful farmer since 1949. When Charles married Nina in 1961, they embarked on a collaborative farming enterprise in which Nina's record-keeping of the Bonsmara herd contributed considerably to the success of the farm. Charles has been involved in conservation and tourism activities, both of which reflect his great pride in and promotion of the Waterberg. While Charles is renowned for his local knowledge, hospitality and sense of humour, Nina has served as a most gracious hostess to many international visitors. As a fourth-generation resident, Charles' personal insights into Waterberg history never fail to delight and enlighten, and those Farm Tours end with tea with Nina and lively and informed conversation.
Sadly, Charles passed away in May 2012.
Anna Merz
The Conservancy recognizes Anna's successful work since 1982 in leading efforts to save the black rhino in Kenya. Anna is the author of the best-selling book Rhino: At the Brink of Extinction as well as Golden Dunes and Desert Mountains. Her continued involvement with the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in Kenya and the International Rhino Foundation are testimony to her enduring devotion to the cause. A keen horsewoman and animal lover, Anna has lived in the Melkrivier area of the Waterberg since the mid-1990s. As the Waterberg is increasingly a target for rhino poaching, it is timely that we salute Anna's early recognition of the threat in Kenya and consequent security initiatives she took there.


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My name is Amy and I love to create. My children and my family are my happiest creation and are the main inspiration for what I do. I love being part of a family and finding ways to make it better for all involved. Aside from family my hobbies include knitting, sewing, baking, art, decorating, and running. I love the outdoors and sunshine, but also love a good rain or snowstorm.
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To Do: Qui Êtes-Vous, Norma Jean?
A new book and exhibit showcases the actress through a different lens — that of a 14-year-old fanboy in 1955.
If you think you've seen every Marilyn Monroe photo available, think again. New York's Danziger Gallery is holding a special exhibit of never-before-seen stills of the bombshell: Marilyn Monroe (New York, 1955), which comes with an accompanying book. The back story here is as engaging as the images — they were taken by 14-year-old Peter Mangone, who, on a cloudy March day in 1955, played hooky to stalk the actress outside her hotel, with his cardboard Revere movie camera. She invited him along for her afternoon stroll and the resulting five-and-a-half-minute film, which was lost until 2002, depicts Marilyn charmingly au naturale. She's at ease, unguarded, completely herself and still absolutely hypnotic.
More to explore in Culture
- Culture Book Issue: Eddie Huang's Double Cup Love Tue, Jul 26, 2016
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- Culture Book Issue: Author Imbolo Mbue on Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon Fri, Jul 22, 2016
Book Issue: New York Magazine's Wendy Goodman
on Must-Have Design Books Thu, Jul 21, 2016
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The city will begin a study on how to provide financial support for Colbert Hills Golf Course after action by the Manhattan City Commission. The Colbert Hills Foundation, which owns and operates the K-State-affiliated golf course, requested financial assistance from the city on Tuesday through
A local state representative is seeking to make "revenge porn" a crime in Kansas. Rep. Sydney Carlin, D-Manhattan, introduced House Bill 2062 to the House Appropriations Committee on Tuesday. The measure would penalize the posting or dissemination of sexual images of other people — particularly one's
Chuck Grier got the go-ahead on Tuesday to take his home project to the Board of Zoning Appeals, but he wasn't around to see it happen. Before he left, an hour and 15 minutes into the two-hour discussion, Grier spoke about his frustration with work
The Riley County Police Department met most of its 2014 goals, but failed to complete the majority of its "action items." RCPD Director Brad Schoen presented a review of the goals and progress indicators for the prior year at the Riley County Law Enforcement Agency Board
A Manhattan man who allegedly set fire to his roommate's clothing in their apartment waived his right to a preliminary hearing Tuesday. Ivan Beaulieu, 22, appeared before Judge William Malcolm Tuesday afternoon in Riley County Court with his attorney, Lora Ingels. Beaulieu was scheduled to
A three-day jury trial was set on Tuesday for one of four Manhattan men facing charges connected to an October kidnapping and robbery. Judge Meryl Wilson set Kaywaun Washington's trial for April 8-10 at the request of Washington's attorney, Britain Stites. Washington, 25, previously
A Manhattan native is scheduled to appear on Anderson Cooper's television show Wednesday night to discuss what police can legally seize in traffic stops. Glen Downey, now an attorney in Des Moines, represents two men in a federal civil rights lawsuit in Iowa. Downey
Three people filed on Tuesday to run for seats on the Riley County school board, and they said the April 7 election could give the district a fresh start. Randy O'Boyle of Manhattan, USD 378 school board incumbent; Shane Allen of Leonardville; and Kyle Bohnenblust of
The Manhattan-Ogden school board will consider accepting a bid to make the entrance to College Hill Preschool more secure. USD 383 administrators will recommend the board accept a $174,769 bid from Cheney Construction in Manhattan at a 6:30 p.m. Wednesday meeting. The project is the first of
Q: Why was Manhattan the fourth most hung-over city, according to Business Insider? A: Step aside, old men. I'll handle this. Business Insider rang in the new year with a count of the 25 most hung-over cities in America. This year, Manhattan came in at
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Nutmeg Technologies a rapidly growing IT company is looking for an intern to join our communications and marketing team. You'll be responsible for helping the marketing team develop a asocial media pl…
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July 28 2016
Connecticut State Department of Education Internships Description: If youre looking to gain professional experience in our states capital this fall semester, this is the perfect internship for you! Th…
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Home > Cords
Fine diameter 0.5mm cords to 10mm ropes
We are trade suppliers and customise many of our cords, ropes, elastics, ribbons, tapes and webbing to order. We can supply most item in cut-lengths to order(minimums will apply, item/length dependent)If you cannot find exactly what you require please email us with the details.If you require a sample please go HERE
0.5mm cords
Ultrafine Cords 0.5mm Approx.
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Approx. 5mm to 6mm cords
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8mm+ Cords & All ropes
Bookmark Tassels
[ Go Top | Site Map | Contact Us ] Web search HERE© 2016 SupplyDivision Ltd registered in Wales (UK) Co No: 4713458 . Trade suppliers.The partnership of UK Sewing Services uses the trading style of SupplyDivision under licence. UK Sewing Services and SupplyDivision Ltd are separate legal entities. Please note the minimum order value that we can process is £35.00 net, exclusive of VAT and delivery. eCommerce software for SupplyDivision Group
Trade Wholesale suppliers: Tel: +44(0)1978720072. UK domestic & Export order welcome. Reliability, nothing less. If your order is under the £35.00 net minimum order value that we can process, please search site for "Top-up".


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Updated May 3, 2013 - 4:33 pm
'Star Trek Into Darkness' cast descend into UK premiere
The cast of "Star Trek Into Darkness" descended upon the red-carpet in London at Thursday's UK premiere.
Chris Pine, Alice Eve, Zachary Quinto and Zoe Saldana, among others, were dressed in their formal best.
Star Trek Into Darkness, the sequel to J.J Abrams's 2009 creation, will soar into theaters on May 17.
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Knowledge is knowing the way. Wisdom is looking for an alternative, more interesting road to get there. Audiobooks are that road.
"Not exactly what I expected"
I thought this book was going to be about a hermaphrodite. Although it was, the story involving Calliope Stephanides the main character in the book does not really come into play till approximately the last quarter of the book.
Instead, the book is a saga, starting back from Cal's grandparents and their journey out of Europe and to the US where Cal's parents come into play and finally Cal and his brother become part of the book. The journey is a fascinating one and quite enjoyable.
The narrator Kristoffer Tabori did a marvelous job reading and acting out this novel. It was long, but a good story, a difficult subject that was handled well.
"very different type novel"
My usual reading fare are mysteries, ie., Harry Bosh, Hercule Poirot, so when I started listening to "Middlesex" I wasn't sure I'd bother even downloading the next two tapes. However, the narrator had a way of capturing my reluctant attention. The interwinding of the past and present was done with such finesse that I barely noticed the flawless seams. The charactors were actually visible in my minds eye even though I did not always care for them. Although it is still not the "type" of book I would probably ever read again, I've found this one to be of excellent quality with superb narration.
"Maybe I'm Jaded"
And maybe this is damning with faint praise, but I thought this was a good book, not a great book. I would offer five stars only to a classic, and I think "Middlesex" unlikely to become one. The scope of the book was amazing, the characters well developed, and the story lines neatly tied up. It is a very handsome package, but not exactly a great gift.
For a book of its length, the listener should love the narrator. I found this one good at interpreting the characters and giving them distinctive voices, but occasionally over-the-top in his delivery -- sometimes even grating. I felt in some chapters that I was being harrangued -- not led -- through the narrative.
Still it is a gratifying glimpse into several subcultures and multiple time periods. It is well worth listening to, but hard to compare to Virginia Woolf's "Orlando" (as many do) except in the most literal aspects of the main character's sexuality. Whether this is literary fiction or just good best seller writing, I do not know.
"I wish I'd liked it better..."
I wish I'd liked it better but I found it really slow going and often I just honestly didn't feel anything for the characters or care what happened to them. When a book wins a major award you feel you should give it a chance, right? It certainly sounded like an interesting premise and I was prepared to enjoy it so I kept on listening beyond when I would have otherwise given up. All books aren't for all people so maybe this is a great author but this particular book is just not for me. Listen to the sample and decide if you like what you hear before you select this book.
"Other people's skeleton closet"
Excellent book. Of course, the reader is what makes it so good. Upon completion of this audio book, you will have received a lesson in Greek history, human physiology, and psychology. It is a little boring at the beginning, but when you get on the boat with yaya and papoo, you will start to experience one of the best audio rides you have ever taken. I've listened to about 100 audio books and this one ranks in my top 10!
12th year using Audible and while what I listen on changes over the years - the service and stories do not. Have over 400 titles in my library and Audible has helped me stay sane for 12+ years on my daily commute - I almost hope for traffic delays
"Different BUT well worth the time!"
Obviously - a quick read of the synopsis of this book will either turn people away or draw them in -- those who turn away will miss a fascinating story while those drawn in are about to reap a large reward!
The story is multi-leveled and does NOT over-focus on the "sex" angle and, in doing so, makes that part of the story even more real and touching. The narration is great as well -- add this to your cart and you won't be sorry!
Hey Audible, don't raise prices and I promise to buy lots more books.
"Wow, Absolutely outstanding"
Wow, I loved this book. I was at first put off by what I thought was the subject of the book's material and, while I am always loathe to give away too much in a review about book, its content is not a lurid description about deviant sex. This is a love story about an unusual relationship between a brother and sister that probably results in an unusual offspring two generations later. While the title of the book, Middlesex, describes a place, it is also a play on words that describes that third generation intersex offspring.
Middlesex won the Pulitzer Prize-winning and, I believe, rightfully so. Though not intersex himself, the book is apparently loosely based on aspects of the author's life and observations of his Greek heritage with occasional allusions to Greek mythology. The book is less about sexual acts but instead, it more explores elements of gender identity. The author's source of inspiration for the novel was Herculine Barbin, the diary of a 19th-century French convent schoolgirl who was intersex. However, this aspect of the book does not come to light till nearly its middle and all does not become completely clear till its end. The end, which at first, seemed to be somewhat rushed.
I will not continue to reveal more about the book for it is the unfolding of circumstances that helps to make this such a wonderful read. The book is well-written, exciting and never crude or again, lurid. The book is written with a sensitivity and compassion that should attract nearly any reader. Reviewers from the medical, gay, and intersex communities have mostly praised Middlesex and I cannot adequately do so here, again without giving away too much. Suffice it to say this is a wonderful book worthy of anyone's read.
While outwardly only one, I believe that each of us contains within us aspects of both genders. Often we deny one and cling to the other. For some of us however, because of some variable in nature, we find our identity quite ambiguous if at all even possible to glean a difference.
While there is not always agreement on a definition or on what constitutes intersex, it is estimated that between 0.1% and 0.2% of live births are ambiguous enough to become the subject of specialist medical attention, including surgery to disguise their sexual ambiguity. The subject of surgery to "correct" this condition becomes an important part late in the book. I think that it is one of the most important parts of the book and again, it is treated with the greatest of sensitivity and compassion found elsewhere throughout its content.
The book is especially well-narrated. At no time in the listening did I ever feel that the narrator was anyone else but the person about whom this book was written.
"Great Book & Brilliant Narration"
Wonderful listening. Reading the summary I was somewhat apprehensive that the story might verge on a freak show: not so. Eugenides' characters, descriptions, historical details and revelations create a fascinating epic. Kristoffer Tabori's narration brings it all alive and merges so well with the printed word. He gives all of the characters a freshness and individuality, each with their own distinctive voice, no matter what their gender, accent or age. The best narration I've found so far. I hated for it to end.
I bought this book thinking it would be erotic, but it was not that at all. It was very interesting and I am glad I read it. But exciting, I would not call it, nor would I call it dry. I would best describe it as interesting and worth a read.
"Grating Narrator"
I found the narrator's characterizations so annoying I couldn't finish this book. His female voices were shrill and the ethnic voices sounded like Triumph the Insult Comic Dog.
I'm a patient reader but the story took too long to get to Cal's own story.


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The fully weatherproof enclosure incorporates an internally mounted exhaust silencer and is of extremely rugged onstruction in order to withstand the rough handling common on many construction sites.
Packages designed to survive in rugged environments.
Switchable voltage from 480/277V 3-phase to 240/139V 3-phase (can be dialled down to 208/120V 3-phase) 240/120V single phase.
Separate control panel and distribution panel access doors.
EPA Tier 3 off-highway compliant engine.
Caterpillar Electric Power is excited to introduce you to our latest generator set sizing software, Cat® Electric Power SpecSizer.Learn More
Find product comparisons, technical data, product sizing and more using our technical information portal specifically created for consultants, architects, engineers, and owners.Learn More


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Ms. Gavilanes works in Aventura, FL and 1 other location and specializes in Urology. Ms. Gavilanes is affiliated with Aventura Hospital Medical Center and Memorial Hospital West.
Medical School: Not Available
Please verify insurance information directly with your provider's office as it may change frequently.
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.
2845 Aventura Blvd Ste 250
Aventura, FL 33180
2845 Aventura Blvd Ste 250
Aventura, FL 33180
20900 NE 30th Ave Ste 207
Miami, FL 33180
21097 NE 27th Ct Ste 101
Aventura, FL 33180
21150 Biscayne Blvd Ste 404
Aventura, FL 33180


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Book your room at Wittelsbacher Hof Swiss Quality Hotel
Get an overview of this hotel4-star hotel near Garmisch-Partenkirchen Ski Resort
Situated in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, this hotel is 0.3 mi (0.5 km) from Casino Garmisch-Partenkirchen and 1.5 mi (2.4 km) from Garmisch-Partenkirchen Ski Resort. Museum Aschenbrenner and Richard Strauss Institute are also within 15 minutes.
Hotel Features
Along with a restaurant, this smoke-free hotel has an indoor pool and a bar/lounge. WiFi in public areas is free. Other amenities include a sauna, spa services, and a meeting room.
Room Amenities
All 55 soundproofed rooms feature free WiFi and minibars. Cable TV, room service, and hair dryers are among the other amenities available to guests.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Wittelsbacher Hof Swiss Quality HotelVon Brugstrasse 24 Garmisch-Partenkirchen BY 82467
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Wittelsbacher Hof Swiss Quality Hotel features an indoor pool and a sauna. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
This Garmisch-Partenkirchen hotel also offers spa services, a library, and a terrace. Onsite parking is available (surcharge).
Wittelsbacher Hof Swiss Quality Hotel is a smoke-free property.
- 24-hour front desk
- Bar/lounge
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Free breakfast
- Free WiFi
- Garden
- Indoor pool
- Laundry facilities
- Library
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 4
- One meeting room
- Pool sun loungers
- Porter/bellhop
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Sauna
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Ski storage
- Smoke-free property
- Spa services on site
- Steam room
- Terrace
- Total number of rooms - 55
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Year Built 1925
Family Friendly Amenities
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Free Wi-Fi
- Indoor pool
- Laundry facilities
- Soundproofed rooms
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Cable TV service
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Daily housekeeping
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- In-room safe
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Minibar
- Private bathroom
- Room service (limited hours)
- Shower only
- Soundproofed rooms
- Turndown service
Where to Eat
A complimentary breakfast is offered. An additional buffet breakfast is served daily (subject to charges).
Onsite venue - This restaurant serves breakfast and dinner. Guests can enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting). A children's menu is available.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an indoor pool and a sauna.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Downhill skiing nearby
- Cross-country skiing nearby
- Snowboarding nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 1 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
- Pets allowed for an extra charge of EUR 11.50 per pet, per night
- Restrictions apply
- For more information contact the property at the number on the booking confirmation
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 2 per person, per night
Optional extras
- Self parking fee: EUR 6.50 per night
- Pet fee: EUR 11.50 per pet, per night
- Rollaway beds are available for an additional fee
Hotel Name
- Hotel Wittelsbacher
- Swiss Quality Hotel Wittelsbacher Hof
- Wittelsbacher
- Wittelsbacher Hof Hotel
- Wittelsbacher Hof Swiss Quality
- Wittelsbacher Hof Swiss Quality Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- Wittelsbacher Hof Swiss Quality Hotel
- Wittelsbacher Hof Swiss Quality Hotel Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- Wittelsbacher Hotel
We should mention
Children 11 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section).
National Rating
Hotelstars Union assigns an official star rating for properties in Germany. This property is rated 4 stars.


text: "How to Get Away with Murder" Seeking Pool Player Casting Call for ABC Show in Los Angeles The hit ABC series "How to Get Away with Murder" is now filming its third season which will premiere on September 22nd. Casting directors are seeking a Caucasian female who is a good pool player. The series is filming in Los Angeles, California so anyone who appliesRead More >>