text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 25, 2003
|Filing date
|Oct 1, 1999
|Priority date
|Oct 1, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Hugh C. Lauer, Larry D. Seiler, Charidimos E. Gasparakis, Vikram Simha, Kenneth W. Correll
|Original Assignee
|Terarecon, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (33), Classifications (4), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to rendering volume data sets, and more particularly, the invention relates to early termination of rays cast through volume data sets.
Volume graphics is the subfield of computer graphics that deals with visualizing objects or models represented as sampled data in three or more dimensions, i.e., a volume data set. These data are called volume elements, or "voxels." The voxels store digital information representing physical characteristics of the objects or models being studied. For example, voxel values for a particular object or model may represent density, type of material, temperature, velocity, or some other property at discrete points in space throughout the interior and in the vicinity of that object or model.
Volume rendering is that part of volume graphics concerned with the projection of the volume data set as two-dimensional images for purposes of printing, display on computer terminals, and other forms of visualization. By assigning color and transparency values to particular voxel data values, different views of the exterior and interior of an object or model can be rendered.
For example, a surgeon needing to examine ligaments, tendons, and bones of a human knee in preparation for surgery can utilize a tomographic scan of the knee and cause voxel data values corresponding to blood, skin, and muscle to appear to be completely transparent. The resulting image then reveals the condition of the ligaments, tendons, bones, etc. which are hidden from view prior to surgery, thereby allowing for better surgical planning, shorter surgical operations, less surgical exploration and faster recoveries. In another example, a mechanic using a tomographic scan of a turbine blade or welded joint in a jet engine can cause voxel data values representing solid metal to appear to be transparent while causing those representing air to be opaque. This allows the viewing of internal flaws in the metal that otherwise is hidden from the human eye.
Real-time volume rendering is the projection and display of the volume data set as a series of images in rapid succession, typically at thirty frames per second or faster. This makes it possible to create the appearance of moving pictures of the object, model, or system of interest. It also enables a human operator to interactively control the parameters of the projection and to manipulate the image, while providing to the user immediate visual feedback. Projecting hundreds of millions of voxel values to an image requires enormous amounts of computing power. Doing so in real time requires substantially more computational power.
Further background on volume rendering is included in a Doctoral Dissertation entitled "Architectures for Real-Time Volume Rendering" submitted by Hanspeter Pfister to the Department of Computer Science at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in December 1996, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,842, "Apparatus and Method for Real-time Volume Visualization." Additional background on volume rendering is presented in a book entitled "Introduction to Volume Rendering" by Barthold Lichtenbelt, Randy Crane, and Shaz Naqvi, published in 1998 by Prentice Hall PTR of Upper Saddle River, N.J.
In one prior art volume rendering system, the rendering pipelines are configured as a single integrated chip, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/315,742 "Volume Rendering Integrated Circuit."
In a method called "ray-casting," rays are cast through the volume data set, and sample points are calculated along each ray. Red, green, and blue color values, and an opacity value (also called alpha value) is determined for each sample point by interpolating voxels near the sample points. Collectively, the color and opacity values are called RGBA values. These RGBA values are typically composited along each ray to form a final pixel value, and the pixel values for all of the rays form a two-dimensional image of the three-dimensional object or model.
In some systems based on the ray-casting method, one ray is cast through the volume array for each pixel in the image plane. In other systems, rays are cast according to a different spacing, then the final image is resampled to the pixel resolution of the image plane. In particular, the prior art systems cited above uses the well-known Shear-Warp algorithm of Lecroute et al. as described in "Fast Volume Rendering Using Shear-Warp Factorization of the Viewing Transform," Computer Graphics Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 451-457, 1994. There, rays are cast from uniformly spaced points on a plane parallel to one of the faces of the volume array. This plane is called the base plane, and the points are aligned with axes of the base plane.
FIG. 1 depicts a typical volume rendering pipeline 100 of the prior art, such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/353,679 "Configurable Volume Rendering Pipeline." Voxels are read from a volume memory 110 and passed through a gradient estimation stage 120 in order to estimate gradient vectors. The voxels and gradients are then passed through interpolation stages 130 in order to derive their values at sample points along rays, and through classification stages 140 in order to assign RGBA color and opacity values. The resulting RGBA values and interpolated gradients are then passed to illumination stages 150, where highlights and shadows are added. The values are then clipped and filtered in stages 160 in order to remove portions of the volume or otherwise modulate the image of the volume. Finally, the values are composited in stages 170 to accumulate all of the RGBA values for each ray into final pixel values for writing to a pixel memory 180.
It should be noted that the gradient estimation stages 120, interpolation stages 130, and classification stages 140 can be connected in any order, depending upon the requirements of the application. This architecture is particularly suited to parallel implementation in a single integrated circuit, as described in the above referenced Patent Applications.
As an alternative to compositing a two-dimensional image, RGBA values can be written out as a three-dimensional array, thereby creating a new volume data set, which can be rendered with different transfer functions. In other words, the final images is the result of progressive rendering cycles on an evolving volume data set.
One of the challenges in designing a volume rendering engine as a single semiconductor integrated circuit is to minimize the amount of on-chip memory required to support the functions of the volume rendering pipelines.
As shown in FIG. 2 for the shear-warp algorithm implemented of the prior art, the amount of on-chip memory is directly proportional to an area of a face 210 of a volume data set 200 that is most nearly perpendicular to a view direction 220, that is the xy-face as illustrated in FIG. 2. In the prior art, this memory was reduced by partitioning the volume into sections, and by rendering the volume a section at a time.
FIG. 2 illustrates the partition of the volume into sections 230 in both the x-and y-directions. Each section is defined by an area on the xy-face of the volume array and projects through the entire array in the z-direction. These sections are known as "axis-aligned sections" because they are parallel to the z-axis of the array. This partition reduces the requirement for on-chip memory to an amount proportional to the area of the face of the section in the xy-plane rather than to that of the entire volume. It also makes it possible to design a circuit capable of rendering arbitrarily large volume data sets with a fixed amount of on-chip memory.
One consequence of partitioning the volume data set into axis-aligned sections is that when rays traverse the volume at arbitrary angles, the rays cross from one section to another. For example, a ray 240 parallel to view direction 220 enters into section 231, crosses section 232, and then exits from section 233. Therefore, the volume rendering pipeline must save the partially composited (intermediate) values of rays that have been accumulated while traversing one section in an intermediate storage, so that those composited values are available when processing a subsequent section. Moreover, when a volume rendering system comprises a number of pipelines operating in parallel, the values of the rays must be passed from one pipeline to the next, even within a particular section.
These two requirements cause the need for a considerable amount of circuitry to communicate data among the pipelines and to write and read intermediate ray values. It is desirable to reduce this communication and circuit complexity.
It is common in volume rendering applications to specify portions of the volume data set that are cut away or clipped, so that interior portions of the object can be viewed, see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/190,645. For example, cut planes can be used to slice through the volume array at any oblique angle, showing an angled cross-section of the object. Similarly, combinations of crop planes may be employed to provide distinctive views of an object. Another method of clipping a volume is by an arbitrary clip surface represented by a depth buffer, see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/219,059. Depth tests associated with the depth buffer can be used to include or exclude sample points based on their depth values relative to the depth buffer.
In a prior art pipeline, such as represented by FIG. 1, tests for clipping and cropping were implemented in stages 160 just prior to the compositor 170. Depth tests were implemented in the compositor 170 itself. The effect was that every voxel of the volume data set was read into the pipeline 100, and every sample was processed through most, if not all of the volume rendering pipeline, whether or not the sample contributed to the final image of the object or model being rendered. In most cases, this represents unnecessary processing and inefficient use of circuitry. It is desirable to skip over voxels and samples completely if those voxels do not contribute to the final image.
There are three ways that a sample point may not be visible in the final image. First, the sample may be clipped out of the final image by one of the cut planes, crop planes, or depth tests. Second, the sample may be obscured by other samples which are individually or collectively opaque. Third, the sample may have been assigned a transparent color while the sample is processed.
Skipping over voxels or samples that are explicitly clipped is called "pruning." While this is easy in software implementations of volume rendering, pruning is difficult in hardware implementations. The reason is that prior art hardware systems focus on the systematic movement of data in order to obtain the desired performance from conventional dynamic random access memory (DRAM) modules. By skipping over such data, the orderly progression of data from voxel memory through the volume rendering pipelines is upset, and a complex amount of control information is necessary to keep track of samples and their data.
Skipping samples that are obscured by other parts of the volume is called "early ray termination." Again, this is easy in software implementations, but very difficult in hardware implementations. Skipping some rays and not others also upsets the orderly progression of data flowing from the memory through the pipelines, just as in the case of pruning voxels and samples.
One form of early ray termination is described by Knittel in "TriangleCaster—Extensions to 3D-Texture Units for Accelerated Volume Rendering," Proceedings of Eurographics SIGGRAPH, pp. 25-34, 1999. There, volumes are rendered by passing a series of triangles through a 3D texture map in a front-to-back order. If all of the pixels of a triangle are opaque, then triangles behind that triangle can be skipped. The difficulty with that method is that the method depends on first converting the volume to triangles, rather than rendering the volume directly. Moreover, that method cannot terminate opaque rays on a ray-by-ray basis, only on a triangle-to-triangle basis.
Skipping over transparent parts of the volume is called "space leaping." This is commonly practiced in software volume rendering systems, but space leaping requires that the volume data set is pre-processed each time transfer functions assigning RGBA values change. This pre-processing step is costly in performance, but the result is a net benefit when the transfer functions do not change very often. In prior art hardware systems, space leaping also required a pre-processing step, but at hardware speeds. However, taking advantage of space-leaping upsets the ordered progression of data flowing from the memory through the pipelines, just as pruning voxels and samples and just as early ray termination.
In Knittel's TriangleCaster system, space leaping is accomplished by first encapsulating non-transparent portions of the volume with a convex polyhedral hull formed of triangles. Portions of the volume outside the hull are excluded by using depth tests on the hull. As a problem, that method requires a significant amount of processing on the host system which must be repeated whenever the transfer function changes, possible making that method unsuitable for real-time interactive volume rendering. As another problem, an object with large concavities, such as a turbine with razor thin blades, will mostly consist of transparent portions within the convex hull. It would be desirable to use the rendering engine itself for space leaping.
Therefore, it is desirable to have a hardware volume rendering architecture that operates with real-time performance but does not have to render voxels and samples that are clipped out of the image, that are obscured by other parts of the image, or that are transparent.
A method renders a volume data set as an image in a volume rendering system. The volume data set includes a plurality of voxels stored in a memory. The volume rendering system includes a plurality of parallel processing pipelines. The image includes a plurality of pixels stored in the memory.
A set of rays are cast through the volume data set. The volume data set is partitioned into a plurality of sections aligned with the sets of rays. Voxels along each ray of each set are sequentially interpolated voxels in only one of the plurality of pipelines to generate samples only as long as the samples contribute to the image.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art volume rendering pipeline;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a volume data set partitioned into axis-aligned sections of the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a volume data set partitioned into ray-aligned sections;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a ray-aligned section;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of volume rendering pipelines according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a three-dimensional array of empty bits corresponding to the volume data set;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of one empty bit for a block of the volume data set;
FIG. 8 is a cross-section of the volume data set; and
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a controller for the rendering pipelines of FIG. 5.
As shown in FIG. 3, the present volume rendering system partitions the volume data set 200 into ray-aligned sections 330-332. Each section is defined by an area 340 on an xy-face 210 of a volume data set 200. The sections project through the volume in a direction parallel to a selected view direction 220 rather than parallel to the z-axis as in the prior art. Each ray-aligned section is defined as a "bundle" or set of rays, rather than a set of voxels as in the prior art.
Each ray-aligned section encompasses all of sample points needed to produce a final RGBA pixel values for each ray of the section's ray set.
In the preferred embodiment, the pattern of the rays defining the bundle is typically a rectangle or parallelogram on the xy-face 210 of the volume data set 200. However, other patterns can also be chosen. For example, section 330 is the subset of rays parallel to the view direction 220 that strike the rectangular area 340 of the face of the volume array, then proceed through the volume in an increasing x- and y-direction.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the volume data set 200 in the yz-plane with a side view of section 330. Slices are two-dimensional arrays of voxels parallel to the xy-face of the volume array. These are depicted in FIG. 4 as vertical columns of "x" symbols 410, 412, 414, etc. The second dimension of each slice is perpendicular to the page. Planes of samples 411 and 413 are shown by vertical columns of "" between the voxel slices. The density of the samples can be different than that of the voxels. For example, if the volume data set is supersampled, the density of the samples is greater than that of the voxels. In most instances, the samples will not coincide with the voxels, therefore, the samples are interpolated from nearby voxels using convolution kernels having weights.
In contrast to the prior art, the present rendering system offsets each voxel slice from the previous voxel slice by an amount determined by the angle of the ray for a particular view direction. For example, section slices 420, 422, and 424 are subsets respectively of slices 410, 412, and 414 needed to render section 330. Note that section slice 422 is offset in the y-direction from section slice 420 and that section slice 424 is offset in the y-direction from section slice 422. In general, a section slice may be offset in both the x- and y-directions from its neighbor.
Note that interpolation of sample values and estimation of gradients of samples near the edge of the section depend upon voxels that lie near the edges in adjacent sections. Therefore, near the edges, the voxels of the sections partially overlap. The amount of overlap is determined by the size of the convolution kernel needed for estimating gradients and interpolating the samples from the voxels.
Ray-aligned sections bring a number of advantages. For example, the samples of an entire ray may be assigned to a particular volume rendering pipeline, as described below. As a result, no intermediate values need to be passed among adjacent pipelines. Because each ray is contained entirely within one section, no intermediate values of rays need be communicated from one section to another via on-chip or off-chip memory. Both of these result in considerable reductions in the amount of circuitry needed in the volume rendering pipelines.
Other advantages of ray-aligned sections include the ability of the pipeline to efficiently compare sample positions to depth buffers produced by a traditional graphics engine. This in turn enables both arbitrary volume clipping and embedding polygon graphics into the rendered volume. Ray-aligned sections also allow a variety of optimizations, such as space leaping and early ray termination described in greater detail below.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an integrated circuit 500 and associated memory modules 510 for rendering a volume data set partitioned into ray-aligned sections according to the present rendering system.
The integrated circuit 500 includes a memory interface 520, a pipeline controller 900, and a plurality of volume rendering pipelines 540 a, . . . , 540 d.
Not shown in FIG. 5, but necessary in a practical system, is a bus interface for communication with a host computer. A user interacts with the host while rendering the volume data set stored in the memory 510.
The integrated circuit 500 acts as a special purpose SIMD (Single-Instruction, Multiple Data) parallel processor, with the controller 900 providing control logic and the volume rendering pipelines 540 a, . . . , 540 d comprising the execution engines operating in response to controller commands. Each of the pipelines also includes numerous registers and buffers for storing data and control information during operation.
Each pipeline 540 a-d includes a slice buffer 582 at a first stage of the pipeline, a gradient estimation unit 584, interpolation stages 586, classification stages 588, illumination stages 590, filter stages 592, depth test, composite and early ray termination (ERT) stages 594, and depth and image buffers 596 at a last stage of the pipeline.
During operation of the pipelines, the controller 900 performs a number of functions. The controller partitions the volume according to the ray-aligned sections of FIG. 3, and processes data associated with the ray-aligned sections in a predetermined order. The controller issues memory access commands to the memory interface 550. The commands transfer data between the memory 510 and the pipelines 540 a-d. For example, the controller issues read commands to the interface to distribute slices of voxels from the memory 510 to the slice buffers. The controller initializes the depth buffers 596, and the controller writes pixel values back to the memory 510.
The controller also generates the weights 560 used by the convolution kernels. The convolution kernels are used during gradient estimation and interpolation. At the completion of each section, the controller issues commands to write images to the memory, and to updated depth buffers as necessary.
For each section, depth and image buffers are both read and written in order to allow embedding of polygon objects within images of volume objects. While reading depth buffers for a section, minimum and maximum (Min, Max) values 570 are obtained for use by controller 900 in voxel pruning described below.
The controller 900 assigns the rays of a section equally among the plurality of pipelines 540 a, . . . , 540 d. When the controller initializes the depth and image buffers in preparation a section to be processed, the controller partitions section's data among the depth and image buffers 596 a, . . . , 596 d according to the partitioning of the rays. For example, in the preferred embodiment, there are four volume rendering pipelines in integrated circuit 500, so that each depth and image buffer 596 a, . . . , 596 d holds one fourth of the total depth and image values for the section.
When the controller 900 causes voxels of a slice to be fetched, the controller directs them to the slice buffers 582 a, . . . , 582 d so that each pipeline has the necessary voxels to render its rays. In this case, a voxel will typically be directed to more than one slice buffer because a particular voxel may be needed for interpolating samples of multiple rays.
In each clock cycle, a particular pipeline takes voxels needed for gradient estimation and interpolation of one sample point from its slice buffer 582. This sample point then passes down the pipeline, one stage per cycle, until it is composited into the image buffer 596 at the last stage of the pipeline.
In pipeline fashion, the controller 900 causes a stream of voxels from all the section slices of a section to be directed to the slice buffers 582 a, . . . , 582 d, fast enough for the pipelines 540 a, . . . , 540 d to process the voxels and composite samples into the image buffer 596.
Even though each section slice is offset from its neighboring slice, the controller aligns the section slices so that sample points for each ray are always processed by the same pipeline. Therefore, unlike the prior art, communication among adjacent pipelines is avoided. This results in a considerable simplification of the integrated circuit 500.
The relative position of the slice buffers 582 and the gradient estimation stage 584 may be interchanged in order to reduce the amount of redundant on-chip memory devoted to the slice buffers. For example, gradients can be estimated before the voxels are stored in the slice buffers.
Supersampling in the x- and y-directions becomes trivial with ray-aligned sections because the controller 900 focuses on rays, not voxels. If rays are spaced closer than voxels in either the x- or the - or the y-direction to achieve supersampling, then appropriate voxels can be directed redundantly to the pipelines responsible for the respective rays. In contrast, voxels in prior art pipelines were associated with pipelines, not rays, and therefore considerable communication among pipelines and other complexity were required for supersampling, see for example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/190,712
In the present pipelined volume rendering system, one goal is to minimize the number of voxels and samples that need to be processed, thereby improving performance. Therefore, numerous steps are taken to identify these data. Furthermore, another goal is to identify such data as early as possible. The identification of "visible" and "invisible" data is done both by the controller and the various stages of the pipelines.
For example, as the controller enumerates sections, cut plane equations are tested, and cropping boundaries are checked to determine whether particular samples of a section are included or excluded from the view. If the samples are excluded from the view, then the processing of the section can be terminated without reading voxels and without sending samples down the volume rendering pipelines. Furthermore, the controller "looks-ahead" to anticipate whether later processed data can cause current data to become invisible, in which case processing of current data can be skipped altogether.
Likewise, the controller performs coarse grain depth tests for each section. The controller does this by determining the minimum and maximum values 570 of each depth array as the array is fetched from memory into the image and depth buffers 596 a, . . . , 596 d. These minimum and maximum values 570 are communicated to the controller 900 from the depth and image buffers 596. If the controller can determine that all of the depth tests of all of the samples within a section fail, then processing of that section can be terminated without reading voxels and without sending samples down the pipelines.
The controller repeats these tests at a finer grain as described below. For example, if the controller can be determined that all of the samples of a particular slice or group of slices fail a clip, crop, or depth test, then those slices are skipped.
Because sections in the present pipelined volume rendering system are ray aligned, the skipping of samples, slices, or whole sections presents no problem for the pipelines 540 a, . . . , 540 d. Each pipeline processes an independent set of rays and each sample point passes down the pipeline independent of samples in other pipelines. It is only necessary to include "visibility" control information for each sample as the sample flows down the pipeline, so that the sample is composited with the correct element of the final image buffer. If sections were aligned with the z-axis of the volume, then this control information would entail great complexity.
Therefore, each sample has an associated "visibility" bit. As long as the visibility bit is set, the sample is valid for processing. When it is determined that the sample will not contribute to the final image, that is the bit is unset, and the sample becomes invalid for further processing.
Note that for samples that are passed down the pipelines, a final depth test must still be performed because the depth buffer value associated with that ray may lie somewhere between the minimum and maximum of the section. This final depth test is performed during compositing, in stage 594 a, . . . , 594 d.
Early ray termination is an optimization that recognizes when further samples along a ray cannot affect the final composited result. For example, during front-to-back processing, when a fully opaque surface is encountered, no samples behind the surface will be visible, and hence these samples need not be processed. Similarly, when rays pass through thick translucent material such as fog, they may eventually accumulate so much opacity that no samples further along the ray can be seen. In another example, the depth values of a ray may cross a threshold so that no further samples along that ray pass depth tests.
In these cases, the compositor 594 may determine that processing of the ray can be terminated. In this case, the compositer signals the controller to stop processing that ray via an ERT (Early Ray Termination) signals 572. When the controller receives such the ERT signal for a ray, it skips over subsequent voxels and samples involving that ray. The controller also keeps track of the ERT signals for all of the rays of a section, so that when all rays in a particular section are terminated, processing for the entire section is terminated.
In a typical implementation, the controller maintains a bit mask. The mask has one bit for each ray of the section. When all of the bits of the mask indicate termination, then the section is terminated.
Note that in most cases, when the compositor has determined that a ray should be terminated, there may still be samples for that ray in previous stages of the volume rendering pipeline. Therefore, in order to preserve the semantics of early ray termination, the compositer ignores and discards all subsequent samples along that ray after the compositor has determined that a ray has terminated according to any criterion. Thus, there will be a delay between the time of early termination of one ray and the last sample of that ray to complete its course through the pipeline.
In the preferred embodiment, the threshold of opacity for early ray termination is implemented in a register that can be set by an application program. Therefore, any level of opacity may be used to terminate rays, even if the human eye were capable of detecting objects behind the terminated sample.
Space leaping allows the pipelines to skip over transparent portions of the volume. For example, many volume models include one or more portions of transparent "empty" space around the object or model of interest. Also, classification and lighting functions may make certain types of tissue or material transparent. Similarly, filtering functions based on modulation of gradient magnitudes can cause portions of the volume to become transparent. By skipping these transparent portions, the number of invisible samples is reduced, thereby reducing the time needed to render the entire volume. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the present pipelined volume rendering system implements space leaping by maintaining an array of bits 620 called "empty bits" corresponding to the volume array 610. For the three dimensional volume array 610, there is a corresponding three dimensional array of empty bits 620. Typically, one bit 720 in the array of empty bits corresponds to a block of voxels 710. If the empty bit 720 is set, then the voxels of the corresponding block 710 will not contribute to the visibility of samples passing near them. That is, the volume at each of the voxels in the block is transparent. As shown in FIG. 7, each empty bit 720 can correspond to a cubic block of, for example, 4�4�4 voxels, or 64 voxels in total. The 4�4�4 cubic array of voxels 710 is represented by the single empty bit 720. Therefore, the empty bit array has 1/64th the number of bits as there are voxels. Because voxels may be 8, 16, 32, or more bits, the empty bit array requires 1/512th, 1/1024th, 1/2048th, or a smaller fraction of the storage of the volume array itself.
The semantics of empty bits are as follows. If all of the voxels needed to interpolate a sample point are indicated as transparent by their empty bits, then the sample point itself is deemed to be invisible and not contributing to the final image. Therefore, the controller 900 can omit the reading of those voxels, and can avoid sending the sample points down the volume rendering pipeline.
If, as is typical in many volume data sets, a large portion of a volume is transparent as indicated by their empty bits, then the controller can omit reading those voxels and processing those samples. By simply ANDing together the empty bits of a region, the controller can efficiently skip the region.
In the preferred embodiment, the array of empty bits 620 is generated by the pipelines themselves, operating in a special mode, in other words, there is no lengthy preprocessing by the host. In this mode, the view direction is aligned with one of the major axes of the volume, and the sample points are set to be exactly aligned with voxel positions, hence interpolation becomes trivial.
Then, the volume is rendered once with desired transfer functions to assign color and opacity and with desired filters based on gradient magnitude and other factors. The compositing stages 594 a, . . . , 594 d examine each RGBA sample to determine whether the opacity of the sample is less than a predetermined threshold. If true, then the sample and its corresponding voxel are deemed to be transparent. If all of the voxels in a 4�4�4 region are transparent, then the corresponding empty bit is set to true. If, however, any voxel in the region is not transparent, then the corresponding empty bit is set to false.
During normal rendering of a volume data set, the controller 900 reads a array of empty bits for the parts of the volume through which a particular section passes. If all of the bits indicate that the portion of the volume is transparent, then the slices of voxels in that portion of the volume are not read and the samples based on these slices are not processed.
This is illustrated in FIG. 8. For the purpose of the empty bits, the volume data set 200 is partitioned into 32�32�32 blocks of voxels 810 aligned with the major axes of the volume. Each block is represented by a 64-byte block of empty bits as described above. Section 330 passes through the volume array at an angle represented by view direction 220. The section intersects with blocks 811-821. As part of processing the section 330, the controller fetches the corresponding blocks of empty bits, ANDs the bits together and determines whether or not the corresponding blocks of voxels and samples can be skipped. Because sections are aligned with rays, transparent samples may be skipped without adding extra complexity to the circuitry of the present pipeline.
Naturally, if classification lookup tables assigning color and opacity change, or if filter functions affecting modulation of opacity change, then the empty bit array 620 becomes invalid, and must be recomputed. However, this does not require host processor resources.
As illustrated by FIG. 9, the controller 900 of the present pipelined rendering system operates as follows.
The controller is provided with a complete rendering context 901. The rendering context includes all control information needed to render the volume, for example, the view direction, the size of the volume, equations defining cut and crop planes, bounding boxes, scaling factors, depth planes, etc.
The controller uses the context to partition 910 the rays of the volume data set according to ray aligned sections 911. The sections 911 are enumerated for processing according to a predetermined order. Each section can be expressed in terms of its geometry with respect to its rays cast through the volume, and with respect to voxels needed to produce samples along the rays.
For each section 911, step 920 performs visibility test 920 as described above. Sections that are outside the field of view ("invisible") are skipped, and only "visible" sections 921 are further processed.
Step 930 processes each visible section 921 from the perspective of voxels, and in parallel, step 940 processes the section from the perspective of samples.
Step 930 steps along rays in slice order. For each slice, or group of slices, with look-ahead wherever possible, voxel visibility tests are performed as described above. If a particular slice has at least one visible voxel, then the controller issues a read slice command 931 to the memory interface 550, and a slice of voxels 420 is transferred from the memory 610 to one of the slice buffers 582 of the pipelines 540. If the slice fails the visibility test, then it is skipped. Concurrently, step 940 performs sample visibility tests. Note, that voxels and samples are arranged according different coordinate systems, therefore samples might fail this test, even though corresponding voxels passed, and vice versa. If the sample passes, then an interpolate sample command 941 is issued, along with interpolation weights (w) 560, and processing commences. Subsequently, the various stages of the pipeline perform further visibility tests, such early ray termination, and depth testing, and processing of a particular sample can be aborted.
It will be appreciated that additional optimizations for further improvements in volume rendering performance. For example, in certain embodiments, sample slices are partitioned into quadrants, with each quadrant being tested independently for visibility according to the cut plane, cropping, and depth tests.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 1, 1999
Owner name: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LAUER, HUGH C.;SEILER, LARRY D.;GASPARAKIS, CHARIDIMOS E.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010289/0820
Effective date: 19991001
|Feb 15, 2001
Owner name: TERARECON, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC. FORMERLY KNOWN AS MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER AMERICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011575/0674
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|May 25, 2007
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Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Peter Smit
Master Student in Machine Learning and Data Mining at the Aalto Univerity School of Science (formerly TKK / Helsinki University of Technology) in Helsinki, Finland.
Currently working as Research Assistant in the Speech Group of the Adaptive Informatics Research Centre of the Aalto Univerity School of Science (formerly TKK / Helsinki University of Technology) in Helsinki, Finland.
1 answer
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
NORAD's Santa-tracking service goes online
Christmas is all about traditions - a stolen kiss under the mistletoe, mince pies and scruffy teenagers at your door asking for money for a quick verse of "We Wish You a Merry Christmas".
Another tradition is the NORAD Santa tracker, which has been locating the whereabouts of the fat man on Christmas Eve since 1955.
Initially started due to a mix up with telephone numbers that directed children, wanting to speak with Father Christmas to the director of operations at CONAD (later to be called NORAD after merging with Canada), the tradition remains today, with the Web offering a more interactive experience.
Children eager to get a glimpse of Santa's path through the night sky will get a real buzz out of the service, which will ensure at least another half an hour of bedtime tomfoolery before they finally get their heads down.
NORAD (which usually occupies its time with the tracking of other, less-Christmas-y flying objects) offers online tracking via Google Maps, and now, via a Google Earth plug-in enables you to follow "Santa in Google Earth's immersive, 3D environment directly within your web browser".
If you want to get in on the action click through on this link and for a taster we've sorted out the trailer above to give you a festive glimpse of the fun to be had.
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text:
Newton Kansan
The contract of Eden Bloom, a teacher who was arrested and allegedly possessed drugs on Newton High School grounds,� was reviewed Thursday.
The Newton USD 373 Board of Education is hosted a special meeting � the board went into executive session , citing the personnel issues exception to the open meetings act, to discuss Bloom's contract for 2013-14.
The board passed a resolution as a result of the session, but did not make the resolution public.
Location, ST | website.com


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IEEE membership options for an individual and IEEE Xplore subscriptions for an organization offer the most affordable access to essential journal articles, conference papers, standards,
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In wireless location-aware networks, mobile nodes (agents) typically obtain their positions using the range measurements to the nodes with known positions. Transmit power allocation not only affects network lifetime and throughput, but also determines localization accuracy. In this paper, we present an optimization framework for robust power allocation in network localization with imperfect knowledge of network parameters. In particular, we formulate power allocation problems to minimize localization errors for a given power budget and show that such formulations can be solved via conic programming. Moreover, we design a distributed power allocation algorithm that allows parallel computation among agents. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes significantly outperform uniform power allocation, and the robust schemes outperform their non-robust counterparts when the network parameters are subject to uncertainty .
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


text: Constructing Meaning From Experience by rileybreck published on 2011-11-24T18:06:18Z Genre Instrumental Electronic Comment by Sea Chord ray Love those violins holding it down 2013/08/10 18:03:42 +0000 Comment by rileybreck @ryanboudreau: Thank you! 2013/01/30 07:43:08 +0000 Comment by Oliver Svenzun @ryanboudreau: It totally does! I love that soundtrack. Some of my stuff is similar - check it out if you want! 2011/12/20 23:10:41 +0000 Comment by Halftribe nice piece 2011/12/02 14:13:50 +0000 Comment by ryanboudreau Love it! Reminds me of Trent Reznor's score from the Social Network. 2011/11/24 22:26:20 +0000


text:
Definition of Shenandoah in English:
A river in Virginia. Rising in two headstreams, one on each side of the Blue Ridge Mountains, it flows about 150 miles (240 km) north to join the Potomac River at Harpers Ferry.
Words that rhyme with Shenandoahanoa, Balboa, blower, boa, foregoer, goer, grower, hoer, jerboa, knower, Krakatoa, Lebowa, lower, moa, mower, Mururoa, Noah, o'er, proa, protozoa, rower, Samoa, sewer, shower, sower, spermatozoa, Stour, thrower, tower
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: Shen·an·do·ah
Definition of Shenandoah in:
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= trending


text:
some-bunny loves you!
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Beautiful collection !!! :o)
cuteness thanks
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Native content writers required
This project received 9 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $55 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
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I need a Content writer for my upcoming topics with varied niches. The articles range from 300-500 words. I want only ORIGINAL and well researched content. Any plagiarized article will result into cancellation of the project. I will be requiring 2 articles per day.
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To be considered, please write a sample article of 200 words (Original) on the following topic, so that I can see your quality.
Topic - A guide for buying electronics online
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- Forbes
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Where Quality Counts
"Alan Cherry's exteriors has been doing work in my neighborhood for at least 20 years now. I had estimates from 3 other local contractors,some cheaper and some more ..."
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"J S Hovnanian & Sons is a family owned and operated residential home builder that has been in business for over 40 years. They have an excellent reputation ..."


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We study all constacyclic codes of length 2s over GR(Rfr,m), the Galois extension ring of dimension m of the ring Rfr=F2+uF2. The units of the ring GR(Rfr,m) are of the forms alpha, and alpha+ubeta, where alpha, beta are nonzero elements of F2m, which correspond to 2 m(2m-1) such constacyclic codes. First, the structure and Hamming distances of (1+ugamma)-constacyclic codes are established. We then classify all cyclic codes of length 2s over GR(Rfr,m), and obtain a formula for the number of those cyclic codes, as well as the number of codewords in each code. Finally, one-to-one correspondences between cyclic and alpha-constacyclic codes, as well as (1+ugamma)-constacyclic and (alpha+ubeta) -constacyclic codes are provided via ring isomorphisms, that allow us to carry over the results about cyclic and (1+ugamma)-constacyclic accordingly to all constacyclic codes of length 2s over GR(Rfr,m).


text:
Cuisine: Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Turkish, Grill, Healthy
Price: $$
9536 Queens Blvd
Rego Park, NY 11374 | See Map
Neighborhood: Forest Hills
(718) 275-7555
Mon - Sun: 11AM - 11PM
Istanbul Restaurant is located in the Forest Hills neighborhood of Queens and serves Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Healthy, Grill, and Turkish cuisine. Istanbul Restaurant accepts advance reservations. Istanbul Restaurant offers delivery and offers takeout. With seasonality and weather permitting, Istanbul Restaurant offers outdoor seating.Click to see map »
Where restaurant insiders are eating now
Have you met Mimi yet? She's the new-ish girl who quietly moved in to Sullivan Street this past fall. She represents a new breed of neighbor — unselfconsciously modern but with a perfume of the Village'sRead more »
Hungry? In New York, you're never far from 24-hour eats. Not only are there 24-hour restaurants across all boroughs, but they cut across all manner of cuisines.Read more »
8 Best Food and Wine Classes in New York City
Cheers! The 5 Best Outdoor Bars for Summer 2016
5 Best Bars in NYC to Watch the Summer Olympics 2016
8 Delicious Vegetarian Restaurants in New York City
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Weekend Hot List: Brooklyn Hip Hop Festival, Roller Disco, More
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We can't wait to help you find the right pet for your family! Learn more about our personalized adoption program.
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text:
Borderlands 2
derp didn't know the game updated... dough!
[Edited by Zenophobe, 9/25/2012 4:41:32 PM]
ASUS P9X79 Deluxe - LGA 2011 X79 Mobo
Intel Core i7-3930K Processor @ 4.9GHz
Corsair H100 Dual 120mm Radiator CPU Cooler - 4x Cougar CF-V12HP fans
Corsair Vengeance 1600 8x4GB - 32GB
Asus EAH6950 2GB - Modded to AMD HD 6970
Idea!, PWizzard how about just releasing the updated trainer to those who aren't being greedy, inpatient or just dam right rude? via PM , as a paid member since 2007 I think that is a fair call?
I have been a member since 2007. This is the first time I used the forums. Now I remember why I don't like too lol.
Everyone complaining and whining at PWizzard, grats guys you f***ed it up for everyone else waiting patiently, now everyone can enjoy not cheating in the game using CH trainer.
[Edited by hanson, 9/25/2012 4:01:05 PM]
I seriously doubt he's actually intentionally holding back a release (more likely it isn't ready yet). I would imagine he has more respect for his patient and polite customers that appreciate the service than to actually punish the innocent for other peoples' character flaws. (Or I could be way off the mark, I can't say definitively)
It's more likely that he's just trolling the impatient at this point. Some may or may not agree with his decision to do so, but your only choices are to ignore it, be amused by it, or decide with your patronage and use a competitors services instead if you find the behavior that unacceptable.
Is he even the creator of the trainers or is it caliber whos name is under contributor: when you download it?
firewall and other security software.
on trainer and game.
version and distribution.
• Unlimited Health
• Armor
+ 16 more options
• 1152 x 600
• 1280 x 960
• 1280 x 1024
• 1600 x 1200
• 1920 x 1200


text:
The Federal Communications Commission says it will look into Verizon's (VZ +0.3%) decision to...
The Federal Communications Commission says it will look into Verizon's (VZ +0.3%) decision to charge $2 for one-time online and telephone bill payments. "On behalf of American consumers, we're concerned about Verizon's actions and are looking into the matter," an FCC official says.
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Comments (14)
David Urban
So paying by check is free but by credit card costs $2? Makes no sense whatsoever.
VZ is charged by credit card company
The fee for paying with an electronic check is $15.00 ($27.00 for large amounts).
Paying by check is free
This whole fee business is getting out of control. I can see automatic payment being free but the cost of processing a piece of paper, be it a money order or check is outrageous when compared to a credit card.
David Urban
if I want to go to see an art exhibition at my local museum they charge me $2.50 for a free ticket.
Long time ago
When I was USSR citizen
I used to believed that things, which I received from Government, were given to me for free
Later I discovered
I actually paid for them
I was overcharged
$2.50 for a free ticket for an art exhibition is OK price
Verizon customers would probably bail like BofA's customers did when they tried to apply that $5 fee for ATM withdrawals, but most cell phone customers are locked into 2 year contracts and can't leave.
BS! Any CC charges are part of the cost of doing business. You build these prices into what you charge, not break out every tiny little thing.
Like most of cell phone companies your in a 2 year contract! Hard to leave early without incurring major penalty's...
And penalty is to pay back discount one received while ordering their phone.
Of cause stingy me always orders cheapest unbreakable Samsung, which has full price about $30 and with discount comes to $0
An increasing number of landlords in Calif are playing this game lately by charging separately for water and garbage services while NOT reducing rents (where these charges per previously incorporated).
If you only know how much water and garbage services and energy prices went up, you would not be so surprised by landlords actions
If you want a Big Green Government in CA, accept associated cost
Ooh, the poor landlord is probably just making ends meet, right? Like the same stories about how the supermarkets only make a few percent profit and movies never make a profit (but they keep making them). It's all bull.
My landlord and all of his extended family all seem to be driving relatively new, high-end Mercedes
Before I became owner of condo, I had landlord too
He was old. Old Chinese who almost was no English. He already retired and before that he worked 7 day per week low paying jobs his entire life
I was almost no English too at that time
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Carhartt Men's Thermal-Lined Zip-Front Hoodie
Key Features
Super-soft cotton/polyester fleece blend
Polyester thermal lining for premium warmth
Full-front zipper; rib-knit cuffs and waistband
Two kangaroo handwarmer pockets for storage
Free E-Gift Card Offer (Click for Details)
Free $20 Overton's E-Gift Card with $100 purchase of Carhartt apparel. Valid In Store and Online. Gift Card to be used on a future purchase. Offer expires 8/6/16.
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Product DescriptionThe Carhartt Thermal-Lined Zip-Front Hoodie is made from a super-soft blend of cotton and polyester fleece fabric with a polyester thermal lining for premium warmth and comfort. The sweatshirt features a three-piece lined hood with drawcord adjustment; full-length front zipper; rib-knit cuffs and waistband; two kangaroo handwarmer pockets; and a locker loop. Imported. Style #: J149.


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- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
- Get the latest on Dr. Dre's arrest - TMZ
- Despite rumors, Eddie Murphy's daughter is not pregnant - Gossip Cop
- The Vampire Diaries star Michael Trevino steps out for a good cause - Just Jared Jr
- Are Blac Chyna and Kylie Jenner on good terms? - Radar
- Blue Ivy is just as stylish as her mom Beyonce! - Lainey Gossip
- This Narcos star confirms he's not coming back for another season of the show - The Hollywood Reporter
08 May 2014 at 2:39 PM
Elle Fanning Looks Like Royalty at 'Maleficent' Private Reception
About this photo set: Elle Fanning is really channeling Princess Aurora on the blue carpet at a private reception for her new film Maleficent in support of the Great Ormond Street Hospital… Read More Here
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CHICAGO—HFF has just hired Michael Bennett as a managing director in its Chicago office. Bennett will also join HFF's national healthcare practice and focus on healthcare capital markets and investment sale transactions throughout the US.
Bennett has more than 10 years of commercial real estate experience and has exclusively listed and sold more than 250 properties. He joins HFF from Newmark Grubb Knight Frank where he was a senior managing director of capital markets. Prior to that, he was a vice president of investments at Marcus & Millichap, where he began his career in 2003.
"Michael is one of the top healthcare producers in the industry and HFF is pleased he has chosen to join our growing national health care practice group," says Jeffrey Bramson, senior managing director and co-head of HFF's Chicago office. "He will be an invaluable resource as we continue to grow this group and we are excited to have him on board."
HFF, Inc. owns both HFF and HFF Securities L.P. HFF operates out of 22 offices nationwide and with affiliate HFFS offers debt placement, investment sales, equity placement, advisory services, loan sales and commercial loan servicing.
Bennett joins the firm at a promising time. As reported in GlobeSt.com, HFF, Inc. and its partnerships recently estimated that they recorded a record-high of more than $55 billion in transactions last year. This was 33% higher than the $41.9 billion in transactions recorded in 2012 and easily eclipsed the previous record of $43.5 billion in 2007.


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1+3/16". Green color with gold dragonfly. Metal shank.


text:
What we have, despite you feeling entitled and being the special snowflake and superior to everyone coming after you (typical for people of the current generation), is for the first time, the next generation (which will also think that the generation after her will be lazy, whiney, overconfident and not knowing what hard work is) will be earning less than you.
This would be easily handled with "conflict of issue" or "bribery" laws.
I doubt the "easily" part. Because a lawmaker during his turn deals with so many different laws, there will always be a law that he had to vote on that affects a future employer. Basically a lawmaker ending his turn would be unemployable later. And even if he goes independent, someone has to buy his services for him to stay afloat, and there will always be a law he voted on, that affects the future contractor of his business.
So why should anyone ever be running for a political office, if it means the end of his professional career forever? All you get then are politicians who never want to let go from their political office because it's the sole source of income they will ever have from now.
Hell, even just getting admitted into a top tier university is hard because foreign students have priority (affirmitive action).
Affirmative action has nothing to do with admitting foreign students. Affirmative action means that given two equally qualified candidates, you pick the one with more general disadvantages. The quotes for foreign students at specified university courses are completely independent from affirmative action, Those quotes were negotiated for in student exchange programs and similar contracts.
On the other hand, the Komodo dragon is not very closely related to the dinosaurs. It belongs with snakes, many small lizards and the ancient mosasaurs (mostly marine species) to their own group, the Squamata (scaled reptiles). It is the sister group to the archosaurs, also appearing 250 million years ago.
The whole story is quite complicated and fascinating. The KT-boundary basicly wiped out every animal that was larger than around two feet on land and three feet in the water. This was true for most of the mammals, most of the birds, all of the winged lizards, all marine lizards etc.pp.. And it took some million years for the remaining groups to recover. Birds for instance survived only on an island around Patagonia, all other ancient birds like the Hesperornithes died out.
"'Tis true, 'tis pity, and pity 'tis 'tis true." -- Poloniouius, in Willie the Shake's _Hamlet, Prince of Darkness_


text:
Top Definition
Conduct that is unfair, unethical or illegal. Being deceitful or deceptive for unfair advantage.
The only reason Charlie keeps winning is he's just playing some dirty pool to create an advantage over his competition.
by GF Ed February 12, 2005
Trending Now
When somebody does something that is unfair and/or a bad situation
JP: Hey do you want to drive me home from the gym, Jack: Sorry man im going in the hot tub
JP: Dirty pool
JP: Dirty pool
by jjct January 19, 2011


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Logo Design: Butterflies - Part 2
We keep going through our weekly journey checking out great logos! We're thinking ahead and we want to find new topics, good ones, to share with you guys. Last week we had a great post about logos with bags and...
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Top Definition
Hard to describe, the less you do it the stronger the hookatization, when you smoke shisha (hookah) and it's like having your brains smashed out by whatever fruit the shisha flavour is for 3-5 minutes. It's occasional & depends on quality of the tobacco. Hookatizing is the act of smoking a hookah.
Douche: We're being attacked by bears we should bounce.
Ahmed: Fuck that I'm too hookatized.
by Ahmed K December 05, 2007
Trending Now


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Using LinkedIn to Find a Job
87% of recruiters use LinkedIn to find quality candidates. Is your professional profile up to snuff?
"What is important to you in a work environment?" is the tough interview question that we are tackling today. In our series on answers to tough interview questions, we delve into what the interviewer is trying to uncover. For today's question, the interviewer is trying to determine if the job seeker is the right fit for the job and the organization's cultural environment. Please read Answers to Tough Interview Questions – Part I, Part II.
Answer to tough interview question 3, "What is important to you in a work environment?"
"Through my in-depth research, I have discovered that XYZ is in growth mode, and has recently acquired three companies. As a senior finance executive who has been involved with several mergers and acquisitions, based on my experience at former employers, I know that on some days, I will have to work long hours to ensure the smooth integration of the acquired companies, and that is completely acceptable to me. I also have a check list that I created, which includes all the steps to take to integrate all the systems so that in the end, the much larger organization operates like a unified one. Additionally, I have always thrived in environments where I am contributing to the growth and success of the organization. And it is very gratifying to me to celebrate the successful completion of a project with my team."
In the response, you are demonstrating to the interviewer that you are flexible in your work environment and that you are a team player. You have also shown that you have experience in mergers and acquisitions and know what to expect when integrating the acquired companies. In addition, your response to interview questions needs to be specific and succinct, as well as truthful and positive. Candidates who relate a particular situation to the interviewer for each question will be far more effective and successful than those who respond in general terms. The best way to answer tough interview questions is to briefly describe the situation and be specific about the action you took.
The response offered to the third tough interview question, "What is important to you in a work environment?" is only a guide, and therefore it is the job candidate's responsibility to tweak the advice offered.
87% of recruiters use LinkedIn to find quality candidates. Is your professional profile up to snuff?
Considering your next career move? Think about starting your next job hunt on Facebook!
Acing the job interview takes preparation and practice. Here is an answer to "What would you do in your first 90 days in this position?"
Are you reentering the workforce after having children? Take some of the stress out of the process with these helpful tips.
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July 10, 2013
Micro Powders: announced several recent executive changes. Gary Strauss has assumed the role of president and COO while Deena Strauss Kornblau is now CEO and executive vice president. Both individuals have held leadership positions within Micro Powde…
July 10, 2013
Coty: appointed Catherine Walsh, a senior vice president of American fragrances in the Coty Prestige division, to the newly created position of senior vice president of corporate communications of Coty Inc. She will report to chief executive officer…
July 10, 2013
Jurlique: appointed Connie Lim technical manager of global product development. In her new role, Lim will drive innovative formula development, provide technical support and monitor performance and key milestones in global new product development eff…
July 10, 2013
AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry, Personal Care: welcomed Dr. Magdalena A. Biernat and Rik Houben to the Surface Chemistry EMEIA group as technical project leaders for personal care applications. Based in Sempach Station, Switzerland, they report to Dr. H…
July 10, 2013
Living Proof: expanded its science team with the appointment of Dr. Thomas H. Jozefiak as vice president, discovery. Jozefiak will oversee all scientific discovery for R&D. With a background in organic chemistry and materials science, he has more…
July 10, 2013
Beauty Brands: appointed Lisa Green as senior vice president of merchandise. A seasoned veteran with more than 20 years experience, she has an extensive background in merchandising and comes to Beauty Brands from Philosophy, where she led a successfu…
July 1, 2013
Jason Hoffman is global director of artistry and education.
June 28, 2013
Dr. Andersen to retire, Dr. Gill named as director.
June 24, 2013
Warnery to lead Canadian affiliate.
June 24, 2013
Goergen Jr. elected to board of directors.
June 18, 2013
To lead grocer's online expansion
June 17, 2013
Will lead North America sector for brand.
June 7, 2013
• Procter & Gamble: has a new, but familiar chief executive officer. Former chairman and CEO A.G. Lafley has rejoined the company as CEO, effective immediately. He replaced Bob McDonald, who retired. "A.G.'s track record and his…
June 5, 2013
Lim to manage global product development.
June 5, 2013
Longtime leaders are promoted at the company.
Actives International LLC
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ERP Evaluations | Business Process Management | Mobile and Cloud
Microsoft Dynamics AX | Life Sciences | Food and Beverage | Manufacturing
Business Transformation Mapping
ERP and The Risks of Being Outdated
6 Risks of ERP Implementations
Decisions, Visibility, and Customer Satisfaction: The Value of ERP
ERP Evaluations: How to Select the Best System to Grow Your Business
Planning for a Successful ERP Implementation
Reducing the Risk of ERP Implementations
Enterprise Transformation Best Practices
Ineffective Change Management and ERP Implementations
The Challenges of Working with the Wrong Consultant
Why Global ERP? Traditional Challenges, Benefits, and Key Success Factors
Eliminating Silos of Data for One System of Truth
Bringing Your Business Systems Up To Date
Is it Time to Purchase a New ERP?
Recession Intervention: Why ERP is Critical Now
Beyond Manufacturing: The Journey to Becoming a Lean Enterprise
BPI, BPM, and ERP Implementations
Achieving Supply Chain Visibility with Globally Adopted Systems and Processes
Lean Operational Improvements That Last
Using Enterprise Mobility to Bring Value to Your Business
The Security Challenges (and Solutions) to Enterprise Mobility
Cloud Security: Myths and Misconceptions
An Introduction to Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 R3 on Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Dynamics AX: What's the problem? It's only your entire enterprise
Total Economic Impact of Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012
Introduction to Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 R3 on Microsoft Azure
The Value of Microsoft Dynamics AX for Manufacturers
The Real ROI of Microsoft Dynamics AX
Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Lean Manufacturing
Drive Greater Success with Enhanced Supply Chain Visibility
Business Solutions for a World Without Borders
How IT Helps Drive and Support Lean Manufacturing
Five Reasons Why Companies Move from JD Edwards to Microsoft Dynamics AX
Dynamics AX 2012: A New Generation in ERP
Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Brochure
Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 for Manufacturing Organizations
Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 for Public Sector Organizations
Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 for Services Organizations
Top Ten Reasons to Buy Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012
Two Tier ERP: Deploying Microsoft Dynamics AX in Entities of Corporations
CAPA, Customer Satisfaction, and the FDA
Lots More Than Tracking! What FDA CFR 21 Part 11 Is and Is Not
Risky Business: Taking Another Look at Manual vs. Automated Compliance
Superior Supply Chains in the Food and Beverage Industry
Food and Beverage Distribution: Information Integration Advantages
Food and Beverage Distribution: Sustaining Success in a Competitive Industry
Key Challenges Facing Food and Beverage Manufacturers and What They Must Do To Survive
Innovative, Sustainable, and Responsive: Food and Beverage Manufacturers Evolve for the New Economy
Discrete Manufacturing: Connecting Customer Demand to the Plant Floor
The Value of Manufacturing Visibility
Inventory Management: Analyzing Inventory to Maximize Profitability
Many companies put off selecting a new ERP system because it's a complicated and expensive undertaking. When you make the right choices, though, the process becomes less daunting and even welcome.
Is CYOD the Right Choice for You?
July 26, 2016
Merit Solutions Named to Accounting Today's VAR 100 List
July 19, 2016


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Comic-Con: 'Game of Thrones' Teases Season 7 With Production Video
- 02:15 PM, Jul 23
An ancient race of lycanthropes has survived to the present day, and its numbers are growing. Bent on dominance, rival factions are initiating the down-and-out of L.A. into their rnaks. Caught in the middle are Anthony, a kindhearted, lovesick dogcatcher, and the object of his affection: a female werewolf who has abandoned her pack.


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Note: This is not the current version of Symantec Workspace Virtualization.
Build number 2.1.3076
This article contains a list of the issues resolved in this hotfix. For supported platforms, installation instructions, and additional issues, see Knowledgebase article #40553, Symantec Workspace Virtualization 2.1 SP2 Release Notes.
This release can be downloaded at the following location: http://www.solutionsam.com/solutions/public/altirisdl/eval/SWV_2_1_SP3.zip
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Added a workaround for an ATI driver issue that can cause a stack overflow.
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Pairwise sequence alignment is a fundamental operation for homology search in bioinformatics. For two DNA or protein sequences of length m and n, full-matrix (FM), dynamic programming alignment algorithms such as Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman take O(mtimesn) time and use a possibly prohibitive O(timesn) space. Hirschberg's algorithm reduces the space requirements to O(min(m,n)), but requires approximately twice the number of operations required by the FM algorithms. The fast linear space alignment (FastLSA) algorithm adapts to the amount of space available by trading space for operations. FastLSA can effectively adapt to use either linear or quadratic space, depending on the amount of available memory. Our experiments show that, in practice, due to memory caching effects, FastLSA is always as fast or faster than Hirschberg and the FM algorithms. We have also parallelized FastLSA using a simple but effective form of wavefront parallelism. Our experimental results show that Parallel FastLSA exhibits good speedups


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INDIANAPOLIS—"The industrial sector throughout the US is on fire," Jason Tolliver, the regional vice president for research with Cassidy Turley in Indianapolis, tells GlobeSt.com. But that is especially true for Indianapolis and other towns with available land and proximity to the country's major population centers. As reported in GlobeSt.com, for example, Cassidy Turley will market 650 Commerce, a 470,000-square-foot speculative industrial facility that Cabot Properties and Quadrangle Development Co. have just started constructing in Greenwood, an Indianapolis suburb.
In total, Indianapolis has about eight-million-square-feet of industrial structures under construction, a building boom that includes modern bulk distribution facilities, medium-sized distribution, manufacturing and other types, says Tolliver. And just like the rest of the US, the main drivers include the rebound of the housing market, which increases demand for warehouse space, and the rise of American manufacturing.
"There is a definite trend toward on-shoring," Tolliver adds, "and bringing production back to the US. And once these products get shipped they need to be stored. This is the crux of why Indianapolis has had a strong industrial market for several years."
Most importantly, the metro area does not have any mountains, major rivers or other significant obstacles, but does have a network of interstates, railroads and a major international airport, he says. In addition, like the other burgeoning distribution markets, it combines dense transportation arteries with proximity to many other major metro areas like Chicago, Detroit, Columbus, Louisville and many others.
"That's what retailers are looking for these days," he adds. The desire for same-day deliveries and the rise of e-commerce has made winners of Indianapolis and similarly-situated cities especially when it comes to modern bulk distribution centers. "If you are located far away from population centers even the economic recovery won't do you much good with that sector."
"Indianapolis is one of the top 10 markets in terms of industrial absorption in the last 10 years," he says. And the market grew by 1.18-million-square-feet in the second quarter, according to Cassidy Turley research. This brought net occupancy gains for the year to 1.84-million-square-feet and held vacancy below the national and Midwestern averages at 5%.
Another factor in Indianapolis' revival has been a long-standing conservatism. "We weren't overbuilt going into the recession and even though speculative construction has returned no one is going to go overboard," Tolliver says.
As proof, he points out that of the roughly 8-million-square-feet under construction, 63% of it are part of build-to-suit projects. "That really speaks to the confidence that companies have in this market."


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EYKAHN BEY aka Sunny is an absolutely gorgeous 15 hand chestnut Arabian stallion with the bloodline of kings! Do you want size, beauty, grace, agility…Stud Fee: $400
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Additional $25 - $100 discount will be applied in cart once discount code is entered.
Name: Confetti Paper Shag
Manufacturer: Anji Mountain
Material: Paper
Construction: Machine Woven
Colors: Tans/Browns/Rusts , Ivory/Beige
Made in: India
Description: Recycled Shag Rug - Natural Multicolor (Confetti Paper Shag - Machine Woven Paper Rugs from Anji Mountain)
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Battleground states: The road to 270 electoral votes to win the presidency
- Oldest first
- Newest first
- Most recommended
What Mitt Romney needs is a good VP candidate to pick up some of the leaning states. What Obama needs is a miracle, or an economy on the upswing.
- 2:51 p.m. April 18, 2012
- Like (2)
- Report abuse
Scratch that,
Romney shouldn't have a woman VP. For one reason alone. I can only imagine how comedians would say "Romney's first wife Ann, and his second wife __(insert VP name here)__"
It wouldn't go over well.
- 3:41 p.m. April 18, 2012
- Like (1)
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Sorry, Rifelman but if you count the solids and strongly leanings Obama is currently winning 228 to 170. Obama only needs Florida to put him well over the top.
- 3:57 p.m. April 18, 2012
- Like (2)
- Report abuse
This comment got posted to another article by mistake. It should have been posted before the other comment on here.
I agree. If Romney picked an evangelical VP or one that most evangelicals could support- then I'm sure that would help him put southern voters at ease. If he have a woman VP, who knows- maybe even that could help him (or hurt I guess).
But as for Obama, Romney's business experience vs Obama's not fulfilling his promises- plus with Obama basically saying "In your face" to any religious conservatives. It surely isn't helping him much.
- 10:09 p.m. April 18, 2012
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Keep your living space spotless with the Shark Rotator Slim-Light Lift-Away Vacuum. Lightweight and easy to steer, the 12.5-pound Shark Rotator is an upright vacuum with unbeatable suction that maneuvers around the toughest corners with no trouble. Extract the portable pod with the shoulder strap to get at stairs, hard-to-reach corners and any spot you dread trying to clean. The pet hair brush extracts animal fur with stunning effiency to keep your furniture and floors free of allergens. The motorized brushroll provides the perfection suction power and can be adjusted for carpets or hard floors. Take the Shark Rotator anywhere you need it for the ultimate deep cleaning experience.
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