text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 2, 1982
|Filing date
|Sep 15, 1980
|Priority date
|May 29, 1979
|Publication number
|Charles A. Dalton, William E. Slinkard
|Original Assignee
|Celanese Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (2), Classifications (16), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Moa Vb Wc Mnd Oe
This is a division of application Ser. No. 042,754, filed May 29, 1979 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,393.
The present invention relates to improved fixed bed attrition resistant catalysts and to their use in exothermic chemical processes, such as gas phase oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid.
Catalysts useful for exothermic reactions have been prepared conventionally as pills or tablets having essentially a uniform catalyst composition throughout. Catalysts prepared in this manner can be extremely active when used in fixed bed exothermic oxidation reactions. In some cases however, "hot spots" can cause large amounts of undesirable by-products to be produced, due to the fact that the heat generated by the reaction cannot be dissipated efficiently by normal heat transfer techniques.
One method which has been tried to overcome this difficulty is to use inert catalyst supports which contain the catalytically active materials coated on the support surface. This reduces the amount of catalytically active material in the reactor and cuts down undesirable catalytic activity, thereby better controlling the heat produced in the reaction and substantially eliminating "hot spots." However, such coated catalysts often exhibit a significant degree of attritability, i.e., they break down in use to give significant amounts of catalyst fines. As these fine particles accumulate in the reactor, high pressure drops develop. Once the pressure reaches an unacceptably high level, the reaction must be stopped even though the catalyst may still retain good activity.
Attempts have been made in the past to provide active supported catalysts having acceptable attrition resistance. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,341,471 describes attrition resistant solid catalysts prepared by mixing finely divided catalytic active components with an aqueous silica sol, forming a paste or slurry, drying the mixture, heat-treating the finished finely divided catalyst and then pelletizing, yielding a catalyst having catalytically active material essentially uniformly distributed throughout the pellets. This catalyst, however, when used in a fixed bed reactor in the oxidation reaction of olefins to oxygenated hydrocarbons, among other reactions, still has a tendency to result in undesirable "hot spots."
U.S. Pat. No. 4,077,912 describes a procedure for producing a coated catalyst said to have good attrition resistance which involves wetting a porous inert support with "an inorganic or organic liquid," water and petroleum ether being specifically disclosed, in such a manner that the resulting wetted support does not have the appearance of free liquid in contact with the support particles, then gently agitating a catalytically active material onto the surface. This patent also identifies many other U.S. patents which describe various techniques of producing supported catalysts. U.S. Pat. No. 3,644,059 describes the catalytically active oxide material which can be utilized in producing the catalysts of the present invention.
None of the aforementioned patents describe the attrition resistant catalysts of the present invention, nor do they describe the present inventive method of preparing such catalysts.
It has now been discovered that catalysts for the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes to their corresponding unsaturated acids which comprise a catalytically active material contained on an inert porous support and which exhibit improved attrition resistance can be prepared by coating a finely divided completely calcined, catalytically active oxide material onto the surface of an essentially inert porous support which has previously been wetted with an aqueous silica sol containing from about 20 to about 40 weight percent silica so as to provide a coated catalyst having a substantially uniform appearance.
The amount of aqueous silica sol used to wet the inert porous support will be an amount sufficient to moisten the support up to the maximum amount the support can sorb and yet result in a moistened support which does not have the appearance of free liquid in contact with the support particles.
The amounts of silica sol can be defined in terms of weight percent moisture ratio i.e. the percentage ratio of the weight of silica sol to the combined weights of aqueous silica sol and catalytically active oxide material. For silicon carbide support, the moisture ratio, preferably ranges from about 15 percent to about 51 percent. After the catalytically active oxide coating has been applied to the wetted inert porous support generally by thorough agitation, the resultant catalyst is dried.
A catalyst produced in accordance with this invention was found to have an attrition loss of fines through a 20 mesh screen not exceeding about 5 weight percent when 100 grams of dried catalyst was rotated in a stainless steel cylindrical drum of the type described hereinafter and shown in the drawing, at 60 revolutions per minute for 1.5 minutes at room temperature.
A wide variety of materials known in the art can be used to make the catalysts of the present invention. Normally, two discrete parts--an essentially inert porous support and an active catalytic material--will be employed.
The essentially inert porous support may be selected from a wide variety of known materials which have an outer surface capable of holding finely divided catalytically active material and which are also capable of being wetted with an aqueous silica sol.
Included among the essentially inert porous supports which can be used in preparing the catalysts of the present invention are alumina (preferably as Alundum, a pure crystalline grade of aluminum oxide), silica, alumina-silica, silicon carbide, titania and zirconia. Silicon carbide is especially preferred.
The aqueous silica sol used as the wetting agent for the preparation of the catalysts of this invention is available commercially, or if desired can be derived from water glass or other silicon compounds. The amount of silica in the aqueous silica sol can range from about 20 to about 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of the silica sol, and preferably will range from about 30 to about 40 weight percent, again based on the total weight of the silica sol.
The amount of aqueous silica sol sorbed on the essentially inert porous support can be determined using a percentage of moisture ratio calculated in the following manner: ##EQU1##
The moisture ratio can range from about 15% to about 51%, and preferably will range from about 25% to about 45%, depending on the essentially inert porous support and catalytically active oxide material chosen. The amount of aqueous silica sol in the support should not exceed the maximum amount which the support can sorb. If an excess of silica sol is present, the catalytically active oxide material to be coated onto the support can agglomerate and the resulting catalyst will be undesirable for use in the oxidation process in regard to high attrition and low oxidation activity.
The second component of the catalysts of the present invention is a catalytically active oxide material for the oxidation of olefinically unsaturated aldehydes to the corresponding unsaturated acids. The term "olefinically unsaturated aldehydes" as employed herein is meant to include aldehydes containing between 3 and 5 carbon atoms as the preferred class of starting materials. The preferred catalysts generally contain combinations of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, In, Tl, Sn, Sb, Bi, P and As. Preferred among these catalytically active materials are Mo, V, W and Mn. The most preferred combinations of catalytically active oxide materials for the oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,644,509 assigned to Celanese Corporation, entitled "Oxidation of Unsaturated Aldehydes to the Corresponding Acids," issued Feb. 22, 1972. These most preferred combinations can be represented by the empirical formula:
Moa Vb Wc Mnd Oe
wherein the atomic ratio of Mo:V:W:Mn:O in said combination is such that when a is 12, b is from 0.5 to 12, preferably 1 to 6, c is 0.1 to 6, preferably 0.3 to 3, d is 0.5 to 20, preferably 1 to 12 and e is a number which indicates that sufficient oxygen is present to satisfy the valence requirements of the other elements.
The catalytically active materials of the above empirical formula may be regarded as a mixture of oxides of the various metals and/or mixtures of heteropolyacid salts of the various metals. The catalytically active material may be prepared by any conventional method, such as by mixing aqueous solutions of water soluble compounds of the metals and then evaporating the water to leave a dry cake which is calcined, preferably after being reduced to powder. Suitable water soluble compounds useful in the preparation of a catalytically active material include ammonium paramolybdate, ammonium metavanadate, ammonium paratungstate, manganous acetate, ammonium metatungstate, orthotungstic acid, metatungstic acid, molybdic acid, molybdenum trioxide, manganous benzoate and manganous nitrate. When the catalytically active material is to be used in the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein to acrylic acid, it is preferred that it be prepared by (1) forming an aqueous solution of an ammonium molybdate, an ammonium tungstate, an ammonium vanadate and a water soluble manganese salt of an inorganic or organic acid (2) evaporating the liquid to obtain a solid which is (3) then completely calcined.
The catalytically active oxide materials are completely calcined in air or other gases containing molecular oxygen at temperatures in the range from about 360� C. to about 420� C., preferably from about 365� C. to about 405� C. for a period of time sufficient to eliminate substantially all volatile materials and to give optimal catalytic performance. The calcination should be conducted for at least 3 hours, and preferably for 5 hours. If the catalytically active oxide materials are not completely calcined, the attrition index of the catalyst will, generally, not fall within the desired special attrition index of below 5 weight percent as defined below.
The finely divided calcined catalytically active oxide materials may be coated onto the wetted support by any suitable means, for example, by tumbling in a rotating drum at room temperature. The catalytically active oxide material is added to the rotating drum until the desired amount of catalytically active oxide is placed onto the support or until no more is taken up on the support.
The amount of catalytically active oxide materials coated on the support can range from about 10 to about 50 weight percent, preferably from about 10 to about 30 weight percent of the total catalyst. The finished catalyst particles which have a uniformly appearing coating, are then dried. The purpose of drying the coated catalyst is to remove the water contained therein. The coated catalyst can be dried at temperatures in excess of 100� C. to as high as 180� C., depending on the relative humidity and catalyst depth for a period of time sufficient to remove the water. The preferred drying temperatures can range from about 140� C. to about 160� C. for about 16 to about 18 hours. The foregoing steps are carried out such that the special attrition index of the finished catalyst determined as described before, is no higher than 5 weight percent.
The dried catalyst is evaluated for particle integrity by conducting a special attrition test. The results of the special attrition test is defined in this specification and claims as a "special attrition index" in terms of weight percent. The attrition test procedure requires that the sample be thoroughly dried by placing it in a desiccator under vacuum over Drierite (anhydrous calcium sulfate dessicant) for a sufficient period of time, for example 18 to 20 hours prior to testing, the catalyst sample is sieved on a 20 mesh screen to remove any fine particles. 100 grams of sieved catalyst is rotated in a stainless steel cylindrical drum (6 inches in length and 10 inches in diameter) at 60 revolutions per minute for 1.5 minutes at room temperature. The drum has a radial baffle attached to one of its cylinder faces and the baffle extends 5.5 inches in the axial direction. Additionally the baffle is attached to the inner cylinder wall and extends 2 inches in the radial direction. The catalyst is removed from the drum and the fine particles are sieved through a 20 mesh screen. The material remaining on the screen is weighed. The special attrition index is calculated as follows: ##EQU2## The special attrition index for the catalyst of this invention should not exceed 5 weight percent according to the above-described attrition test.
The drawings are a diagrammatic illustration of the stainless steel cylindrical drum used to evaluate particle integrity of the catalyst in the attrition test of this invention.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the open cylindrical drum with an indication of a fragmentary portion of the front plate 11.
FIG. 2 is a cross section view of the cylindrical drum with cover plate in place. Referring to the drawings, the overall stainless steel cylindrical drum 10 (6 inches in inner length and 10 inches in inside diameter) contains a removable cover 11 on cylinder face 12. The other cylinder face 13 has a radial baffle 14 attached thereto. The baffle 14 extends 5.5 inches in the axial direction from the inner cylinder face 13. The baffle 14 also is attached to the inner cylinder wall, and is 2 inches wide extending in the radial direction. There are means, not shown, to rotate the stainless steel cylindrical drum 10 at varying speeds.
Catalysts prepared in accordance with this invention can be utilized in the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids by the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes, and especially in the oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid. Such processes can be carried out continuously in a fixed bed using the catalysts of this invention. Portions of the reactants which do not undergo reaction may be recycled, if desired. The temperatures employed in such oxidation processes are preferably between about 250� C. to about 420� C., and preferably are in the range from about 270� C. to about 370� C.
The pressures employed in such processes may be subatmospheric, atmospheric or superatmospheric. Usually pressures ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 atmospheres will be utilized, although pressures up to 10 atmospheres and higher may be employed. The contact time of the reactants with catalyst under the above-described reaction condition is generally between 0.3 and 15 seconds, and preferably a relatively shorter time, e.g., from 0.5 to 10 seconds. By contact time as used herein is meant the contact time adjusted to 25� C. and atmospheric pressure (conditions denoted by NTP). Thus the contact time is calculated by dividing the volume of the catalyst bed (including voids) by the volume per unit time flow rate of the reactants at NTP.
The oxygen necessary as a reactant in such oxidation processes may be from any molecular oxygen-containing gas such as concentrated molecular oxygen or air. For example, the molecular oxygen-containing gas may be one wherein molecular oxygen is mixed in varying amounts with an inert diluent gas such as nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide. The unsaturated reactant may be premixed with the oxygen-containing gas before introduction to the reaction zone or the reactants may be introduced separately into the reaction zone. Also the unsaturated aldehyde and/or molecular oxygen may be introduced into the reaction zone at one or a plurality of points along the length of the reaction zone. The reactants may be pretreated before entering the reaction zone; this includes pretreatments to remove undesirable components.
In conducting the oxidation reaction, the gaseous feed mixture should generally contain from 0.5 to 6 moles of oxygen per mole of the unsaturated aldehyde although the preferred range is from 0.8 to 4.0 moles per mole. Water is also desirably present in the gaseous feed in amounts of from 1 to 25, preferably 2 to 20 moles per mole of unsaturated aldehyde. In addition to water, diluents which are gaseous under the reaction conditions and are relatively inert, may be introduced into the system. Suitable diluents include nitrogen, flue gas, CO2 and paraffinic hydrocarbons.
The catalysts and process for their preparation of this invention are illustrated in the following Examples.
Silicon carbide spheres of 3/16 inch diameter having a surface area of 0.003 m2 /g, a packing density of 40 pounds per cubic foot, a water absorbtivity of 54 weight percent, a total porosity (by mercury penetration) of 0.53 cc/gm and a median pore diameter of 78 micrometers were used as the support. 700 grams of these spheres were weighed in a 2 gallon (7-inch diameter) polyethylene jar which was then placed on a jar mill roller (Norton Jar Mill Roller, Model 753 RMV), rotating at 60 revolutions per minute. While the jar was rotating, 90 grams of an aqueous, ammonia-stabilized silica sol containing 40% by weight of silica (du Pont Ludox AS-40) stabilized to a pH of 8.0 with ammonium hydroxide, was sprayed by a common household sprayer onto the silicon carbide spheres. The moistened spheres were tumbled for 5 minutes to distribute the silica sol throughout the spheres after which they were transferred to a "V" blender (Patterson Kelley Co. liquid solids 2 quart "V" type).
A calcined powder was prepared by mixing solutions of ammonium paramolybdate (84.8 grams in 200 ml of water), ammonium metavandate (14.0 g in 200 ml of water), ammonium paratungstate (12.2 grams in 100 ml of water) and manganous acetate tetrahydrate (90 grams in 200 ml water). The resulting suspension was evaporated to dryness at 120� C. in a stream of air, and the dried powder was heated for 5 hours at 385� C. in an oven with forced air circulation. The powder can be represented by the empirical formula:
Mo12 V3 W1.2 Mn3 O53
Calcined powder in an amount of 90 grams, was added to the "V" blender containing the wetted silicon carbide spheres and the blender was rotated 8 revolutions. An additional 90 grams of calcined powder were added to the blender and the blender was rotated for 8 minutes. The moisture ratio in this catalyst preparation was 33 weight percent. The coated catalyst having a substantially uniform appearance, e.g. having substantially no uncoated support particles or clumps of unsupported catalyst powder, was removed from the blender and spread evenly onto trays (20 inches�22 inches). The trays containing the catalyst, were placed in an oven for drying overnight (˜16 hours) at 140� C. After cooling, the catalyst was ready for use. The attrition loss (hereinafter called special attrition index) of the dried catalyst through a 20 mesh screen when rotated in a stainless steel drum (6 inches in length and 10 inches diameter) containing a baffle as heretofore described, at 60 revolutions per minute for 1.5 minutes was 2 weight percent.
The catalyst of Example 1 when used in the oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid produced yields of acrylic acid from 92 to 95% at acrolein conversions of 99.0 to 99.8% in a fixed bed at contact times (NTP) of 1.9-2 seconds, reaction temperatures of 290� C. to 310� C. at 15 psig pressure. The reactor feed composition was as follows:
______________________________________water to acrolein 9.1/1oxygen to acrolein 1.3/1nitrogen to acrolein 11.4/1______________________________________
In these examples the terms "conversion" and "yield" are defined as follows: ##EQU3##
The catalyst preparation of Example 1 was repeated except that 72 grams of the 40% by weight silica sol solution were used such that the moisture ratio used was 28.6 weight percent. The special attrition index was 4 weight percent. In the oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid using the same conditions as used for the catalyst of Example 1, acrylic acid yields of 93% were obtained at an acrolein conversion of 99.8% at a reaction temperature of 297� C.
The catalyst preparation of Example 2 was repeated except the tumbling time and the drying temperature were different. One 90 gram increment was tumbled with the silicon carbide for one minute and the other 90 gram increment was added immediately thereafter and the catalyst tumbled for 3 minutes. The drying temperature was 125� C. The special attrition index was 10 weight percent.
When compared to the catalyst prepared in Example 2 under the same conditions except for the length of tumbling time and drying temperature, an improved catalyst, i.e. having a special attrition index of 5 weight percent or below, will not be produced if the tumbling time is not sufficient. Thus, tumbling time should be great enough to result in a special attrition index not exceeding 5 weight percent.
The catalyst preparation of Example 1 was repeated except water was used instead of aqueous silica sol. The special attrition index was 10%. This represents a catalyst made in a manner similar to U.S. Pat. No. 4,077,912 which utilizes water as a wetting agent for the support.
In a catalyst preparation duplicating Example 1 except the silicon carbide was soaked in aqueous silica sol instead of spraying, the resulting catalyst was unsatisfactory for use because the special attrition index was well above 10 weight percent.
The catalyst produced from silicon carbide spheres soaked with silica sol such that the latter can be observed as free liquid on the support particles indicates that excess silica sol is present on the support, resulting in agglomeration on tumbling.
As a comparative example to Example 1, 100 grams of silicon carbide spheres, as described in Example 1, were placed into a 500 cc plastic bottle. The 500 cc plastic bottle containing the silicon spheres was placed in a 2 gallon plastic jar and rotated on a Norton Jar Mill at 60 revolutions per minute. The silicon carbide spheres were sprayed with 10 grams of 40 percent silica sol (Ludox AS-40) and tumbled for 5 minutes to distribute the silica sol throughout the spheres. A first increment of 12.5 grams of a partially calcined (350� C. for 3 hours) catalytically active powder (precursor of the catalytically active powder of Example 1) was tumbled for 30 seconds onto the silicon carbide spheres. A second increment of 12.5 grams of the partially calcined catalytically active powder was tumbled for 2 minutes onto the silicon carbide spheres. The resulting catalyst product was calcined 5 hours at 385� C. The special attrition index of this catalyst was 11 weight percent while the yields of acrylic acid decreased to 90% at 99% acrolein conversion at a reaction temperature of 277� C.
The catalyst preparation of Example 6 was repeated except the aqueous silica sol used contained 20% instead of 40% by weight of silica and the first increment of partially calcined catalytically active powder was tumbled for one minute and the second increment of partially calcined catalytically active powder was tumbled for two minutes. The special attrition index of the finished catalyst was 7 weight percent while the activity of the catalyst and yields of acrylic acid were similar to those of Example 6 providing yields of acrylic acid of 90% at 99% acrolein conversion at a reaction temperature of 273� C.
As a comparative example to Example 1, a catalyst was prepared utilizing uncalcined catalytic powder (compared to calcined powder) to coat the wetted silicon carbide support followed by calcination of the coated powder on the support. The equipment used was the same as Example 1 and the procedure of Example 1 was substantially followed with a few exceptions.
700 grams of silicon carbide spheres as described in Example 1 were wetted by spraying with 90 grams of silica sol containing 40% silica (Ludxo AS-40). The moistened spheres were tumbled in a jar mill roller for 5 minutes after which they were transferred to a "V" blender. Uncalcined powder which was the precursor of the calcined powder of Example 1 in an amount of 100 grams was added to the "V" blender containing the wetted silicon carbide spheres and the blender was rotated 8 revolutions. A second increment of 100 grams of uncalcined powder was added to the blender and rotated for 8 revolutions. A third and final increment of 100 grams of uncalcined powder was added to the blender and rotated for 5 minutes. The moisture ratio was 23.1 weight percent. The coated catalyst having a substantially uniform appearance was removed from the blender and spread evenly onto trays (20 inches�22 inches). The trays containing the catalyst were placed in an oven for calcination for 5 hours at 385� C. The special attrition index of the calcined catalyst was 23-26 weight percent. Using similar reaction conditions of Example 1, except for reaction temperatures of 322� C., and contact time of 2.3 seconds, the acrolein conversion was 97% and acrylic acid yield of 87%.
The catalyst of Example 8 required higher temperatures to provide acrolein conversions of 97-98% than do the catalysts of this invention as demonstrated in Example 1. Additionally, the high special attrition index of the catalysts of Example 8 indicates that in the oxidation reaction, higher pressures would be reached in a shorter period of time under similar reaction conditions because of the build up of fines than would be required by the catalyst of Example 1 which has a special attrition index of 2 weight percent. Thus, the useful life of the catalyst of Example 8 would be shorter than that of the catalyst of Example 1 representing the catalysts of the present invention.
As indicated by the foregoing working examples, certain essential requirements must be met in order to obtain the improved catalysts of the present invention. In turn such catalysts can lead to improved economies in processes such as the oxidation of aldehydes to the corresponding acids.
Initially, in aldehyde to acid oxidation processes, it is desirable that the catalyst have special attrition index not exceeding 5 weight percent according to the attrition test described herein. Catalysts having special attrition index in excess 5 weight percent will, if used, significantly increase the pressure drop in the reactor over a relatively short period of time and hence will have a shorter useful life. When the pressure becomes too high, the reaction must be discontinued and the catalyst removed which disrupts production. It should be noted that, as in Examples 6 and 7, if the catalyst powder is not completely calcined prior to its addition to the porous support, or as in Example 8, if the catalyst is not calcined until after the powder has been added to the silica sol wetted support, the catalyst obtained generally has a special attrition index in excess of 5 weight percent. Further, yields of acrylic acid from acrolein are reduced in a process in which catalysts have been calcined after the coating operation compared to the yields obtained using the catalysts of this invention under similar oxidation conditions.
Additionally, as shown in Example 4, if water is substituted for aqueous silica sol, the resulting catalysts have higher attrition losses than the corresponding catalysts prepared using aqueous silica sol.
The catalytically active oxide powder must be uniformly coated onto the porous support. To obtain uniform coating, the aqueous silica sol must be contacted with the porous support such that no free liquid can be observed in contact with the support particles i.e. the latter are substantially dry-appearing. Spraying the aqueous silica sol onto the porous carrier and tumbling appears to provide an acceptable wetted support. If the aqueous silica sol is not distributed properly as indicated by the appearance of free liquid on the support particles, the catalytically active oxide powder will agglomerate and not provide a catalyst having improved physical strength.
Finally, the amount of tumbling which will be employed can vary depending on the type of support and catalytically active oxide powders used. Example 3 illustrates that insufficient tumbling of the catalytically active oxide powders onto the support will not provide the improved result achieved in the present invention. In general, however, if 100 grams of the dried catalyst of this invention has achieved an attrition index loss not exceeding 5 weight percent as measured by the above described attrition test, the catalyst ingredients have been tumbled together for a sufficient period of time.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 4, 1957
|Jun 21, 1960
|Atlantic Refining Co
|Use of colloidal silica in catalyst manufacture
|Feb 3, 1969
|Feb 22, 1972
|Celanese Corp
|Oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes to the corresponding acids
|Sep 25, 1974
|Jun 8, 1976
|Celanese Corporation
|Process for unsaturated aldehyde oxidation using a supported catalyst
|Oct 16, 1975
|Oct 12, 1976
|Celanese Corporation
|Oxidation catalyst
|Oct 12, 1972
|Mar 7, 1978
|Standard Oil Company
|Catalysts useful for exothermic reactions
|May 18, 1977
|Aug 15, 1978
|Nitto Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
|Process for production of attrition resistant antimony oxide containing fluidized bed catalyst having controlled particle size distribution
|Dec 21, 1973
|Jun 5, 1979
|The International Nickel Company, Inc.
|Method of preparing a supported catalyst and the catalyst prepared by the method
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 17, 2002
|Jul 13, 2004
|Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha
|Catalyst process of making
|May 25, 2009
|Jun 9, 2011
|Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha
|Catalyst And Method For Producing Unsaturated Aldehyde And Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid
|U.S. Classification
|562/535, 562/532, 562/534
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 27, 1998
Owner name: CELANESE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HOECHST CELANESE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009052/0337
Effective date: 19980312


text:
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text:
A few weeks ago I was 100% certain about what I wanted to name the baby. Now I am having doubts. Is anyone else struggling with this? For those BTDT moms, how many times did you change your mind before you settled on a name?
Rethinking the Name
With ds and dd I didn't have any trouble. This time is tricky. I have wanted to use Luke since my last pregnancy and would have if dd had been a boy. This time I still want to use it, but I keep thinking about it because it doesn't fit with the other names.
Angie, Eddie, Jamie, Allie and Luke. lol, I probably should have gone with an ie name.
LOL...my brother's name is Luke and I call him Lukie all the time.
Very normal! I mean afterall you have to give someone a name that they will be called their entire life. It makes me nervous....lol We debated heavily on two names before choosing Ryan. It was between Ryan and Bryson. Everybody assumed we were going with a B name for this baby since my DH is Bill, DSS is Billy, and my daughter is Brynna. So at first I felt like we needed to go with Bryson to keep with the theme. But the more I thought the more I just felt and knew in my heart this little guys name was supposed to be Ryan so ultimately I told my husband how I felt and thankfully he agreed
We are having the hardest time as well. With ds we found his name and immediately loved it and never strayed from it. But this LO is impossible to name. It will probably be December before we agree.
My boyfriend and I decided on a girl's name very early on (you know, back when I was having ONE baby) that we both still like and will use if one of the twins turns out to be a girl. Actually, it's unisex so we'll use the first name for a boy anyway. We haven't obsessed over names much, that one just instantly worked for us and we haven't really even discussed it much more. It's interesting, it actually came together over an email conversation between us that was probably only like 6 emails long in total. So easy! We cannot for the life of us figure out a boy's name! We like our theme of cultures used in the first and middle names from the girl name we chose, but cannot seem to replicate it in a name that we like as much. Or can agree on so well.
We usually change a few times throughout the pregnancy. I probably won't settle on anything for sure until he is born. Right now we are between Walker and Crew.
I'm another who narrows it down to our top 2, and then wait until we see him in person before we decide which name fits him better.
I always had my name picked out months before baby came, and I never changed my mind. I'm sure it will be the same thing with this baby... he's been Trystan Magnus since 14 weeks and that's what he'll stay!! I think by #4 I've heard every baby name under the sun!
I am having the same problem. With DS it was set. With this little girl we cannot decide. I think we are going to choose 2 names and decide when she's born.
No name yet here either! We had it narrowed down to two (Josiah & Xavier) now we have added Jonah to the list. I don't have a preference of the 3 yet either! I tried to convince DH to add Kyler to the list but he shot it down saying it sounded like "killer" :roll:
With DS, we knew before he was even a he what his name was & never changed our minds. This is very weird not knowing.
Good luck!!!
I had NO problems deciding with DS, but I'm struggling with this one. We probably just will have a list and decide when the baby comes!
I have a long list of possible names, but just like last time my husband doesn't like any of them.
He says it will "come to us" just like last time. Well, as I recall it didn't just "come to us" and he took a lot of convincing last time...
When we even come up with something we won't be revealing any decisions until she is born.


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To grow and thrive in today's economy, manufacturers in Texas are increasingly looking overseas to boost sales opportunities to sustain and grow their U.S. activities. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is important to that growth strategy because it will strengthen manufacturers in the United States and level the playing field with 11 Asia-Pacific countries that boast over 490 million consumers. Read More
There's lots of news from the first day of the convention, but manufacturers are more concerned with a major omission by the Republican Party: a statement supporting the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). That's one line worth repeating. Read More
The National Association of Manufacturers has been providing a lot of #TruthontheTrail this election season. It's time for some more truth to weigh new government information.
The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) just released a congressionally mandated report on the impact of U.S. trade agreements on the U.S. economy. Contrary to statements by some presidential and other candidates, it finds that:
- Bilateral and regional trade agreements negotiated by the United States have increased GDP, employment, wages, trade and exports; and
- Such U.S. bilateral and regional trade agreements have "had a positive effect, on average, on U.S. bilateral merchandise trade balances with the partner countries, increasing trade surpluses."
But like its past reports, the ITC misses the mark in many major ways, underreporting the impact of trade agreements on manufacturers in the United States:
- U.S. Manufacturing Has Doubled Since NAFTA. Most prominently, the ITC report ignores the massive growth in U.S. manufacturing output. Since NAFTA, both U.S. manufacturing output and U.S.-manufactured goods exports have doubled. Indeed, manufacturers in the United States are producing more than ever before. The recognition of the growth of manufacturing overall is important, particularly when a large portion of that output is exported to trade agreement partners. Indeed, U.S. free trade agreement partners purchase 13 times more from the United States than the rest of the world and have been an important source of U.S. manufacturing growth.
- Non-Tariff Benefits of Trade Agreements Have Broad Impacts. The ITC's economic analysis simply cannot and does not capture the vast importance of trade agreements to the U.S. manufacturing economy. When discussing non-tariff issues, such as intellectual property (IP) protections in U.S. trade agreements, for example, the ITC notes the increase in IP receipts. It fails to include, however, any discussion of the importance of these provisions to supporting high-paying manufacturing jobs. There are similarly limited analyses of other provisions, such as investment rules that help many manufacturers reach foreign consumers while supporting good-paying American jobs.
- The World Is Moving Forward Without Us. The ITC's analysis is also U.S. focused, ignoring the growth in world trade, hundreds of millions of new entrants into the global middle class and foreign trade agreements that exclude and disadvantage the United States. While the United States has 14 trade agreements with 20 countries in operation, the World Trade Organization reports that there are now more than 270 bilateral and regional agreements that provide improved access and better rules for those countries that are participating. The vast majority of these agreements exclude the United States and disadvantage manufacturers in the United States.
Manufacturers in the United States now produce more than ever before and support more than 18 million American jobs. As the most productive manufacturing sector globally, manufacturers in the United States need new foreign markets to sustain, let alone grow, current employment levels. Trade agreements, along with competitiveness and trade enforcement tools, are critical to improved U.S. access to foreign markets and the continued growth of manufacturing in the United States.
Yesterday's vote by 52 percent of the United Kingdom to exit from the European Union—the so-called British exit (Brexit)—has sent shockwaves across global financial markets and plunged manufacturers on both sides of the Atlantic into a long period of uncertainty. While there are no direct immediate consequences for the day-to-day operations of businesses in the United Kingdom, European Union or the United States, all businesses engaged in the transatlantic market need to start preparing for the changes that will in fact come. Read More
National Association of Manufacturers President and CEO Jay Timmons issued the following statement on the disappointing Bureau of Labor Statistics' jobs report, which showed the slowest monthly jobs gain since September 2010:
"The latest jobs report is pathetic. It is a vivid example of why we need the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) now. The report is a wakeup call for anyone who thinks we are on solid economic ground. Policymakers in Washington can't fix every problem, but they can certainly take action to give manufacturing—and the larger economy—a boost. The TPP will allow manufacturers to sell products we make here in the United States to millions of new customers overseas, and we will hire people to make those products. Congress and the Obama administration need to work together to get this deal done.
"Manufacturers, and almost all employers for that matter, are holding back on hiring because they lack confidence in the ability of Congress and the administration to put aside partisan differences to do what is in the best interest of America's future. In May, we also saw too few Americans go back to work—and too many give up and leave the workforce altogether because they have given up on the American Dream.
"Pro-growth trade policy, coupled with comprehensive tax reform, regulatory reform and other items on manufacturers' agenda will empower our country to compete and win in the global economy—creating jobs and providing inspiration for those who clearly need it.
"The presidential candidates and all candidates for the House and Senate need to explain exactly what they will do to enact these commonsense economic measures outlined in 'Competing to Win.' Getting this agenda accomplished is the only way to reverse the malaise we are experiencing in our country and put us on the road to success again."
Read the original press release here.
Manufacturers need their products sold to more markets, so we can grow more jobs in America. They need their inventions and innovations protected. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) will protect and sell American-made goods—and that's why manufacturers support swift approval of this critical trade agreement. To send that message to Congress, today the NAM and U.S. Coalition for TPP issued the following letters to congressional delegations from 10 states, urging support for TPP. Letters will be distributed to the remaining 40 state delegations in the coming months. Click on the state below to view the letter:
- California (180 signatories)
- Florida (118)
- Georgia (119)
- Illinois (230)
- New York (107)
- Oregon (102)
- South Carolina (111)
- Texas (132)
- Virginia (105)
- Washington (106)
Learn more about the importance of TPP to manufacturers in the United States by clicking here.
However you analyze yesterday's report released by the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), the fact remains: the global economy requires American leadership and know-how to make it easier to create jobs at home and open up markets abroad. Whether it's electronics manufacturer Texas Instruments, with multiple facilities employing thousands all over the United States and selling its innovative technologies worldwide, or it's Wisconsin-based Darley with 127 employees, selling fire trucks to more than 100 countries, including China, Australia, Peru, New Zealand, Vietnam, Singapore, Japan, Nigeria and Brazil, we need free trade agreements like the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) so that manufacturers of all sizes can continue to compete and win.
Manufacturers need their products sold to more markets, so we can grow more jobs in America. They need their inventions and innovations protected. The TPP will protect and sell American-made goods—and that's why manufacturers support swift approval of this critical trade agreement. Read More
Trade continues to be a key topic in the campaigns of both major parties. Unfortunately, the most oft-repeated claims are flat-out wrong and portend a dangerous path of retreat from the strong trade approach that has long been a powerful positive force for American workers, consumers and families. With World Trade Week officially under way, let's look again at how trade drives the U.S. economy, raises standards of living for American families and grows manufacturing in the United States by dispelling some of the top trade myths.
- Free Trade Agreements. If candidates want to take aim at free trade agreements (FTAs), why not go after the hundreds of trade agreements being negotiated without the United States that exclude and disadvantage manufacturers in the United States? U.S. exporters face higher tariffs and barriers than most of the world's exporters in other countries (ranking 130 out of 132) because the United States has too few, not too many, trade agreements. FTAs are huge market boosters for manufacturing in the United States because they promote fair trade by leveling the playing field. That's why moving forward on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is so important to manufacturers in the United States.
- NAFTA. The criticism of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an enduring but deeply flawed myth. The United States implemented NAFTA in 1994 and then experienced four years of economic growth and the creation of more than 800,000 manufacturing jobs. The recession in the late 1990s had a negative effect on the U.S. economy and jobs, but if anything, NAFTA helped the United States endure that downturn more successfully and has been critical to sustaining and growing the U.S. manufacturing sector, which then faced even stronger challenges from Asian emerging economies.
- China. It is easy for candidates to go after China as a major villain in the trade stories they like to tell. China is not easy, but it is not a one-sided picture. Yes, China has grown its manufacturing industry heavily over the past 20 years and is now the largest foreign supplier of manufactured goods to the United States. To reach this level, China engaged in a number of unfair trade practices, government subsidization and discriminatory policies. No debate there. At the same time, China also became the third-largest market for U.S.-manufactured goods, from the seventh-largest purchaser in 2002, the year after China joined the World Trade Organization, with U.S. exports growing more than 350 percent to $89 billion. There's a long way to go in creating a fairer and more reciprocal U.S.–China commercial relationship, but it's a lot more complicated than the campaign promise of putting on new border taxes on Chinese imports, which we all know would be contrary to U.S. international commitments and would likely result in even stronger retaliation against U.S. exports to China. And just a reminder, the TPP does NOT include China.
- Trade Deficits. When we buy more imports than sell exports, that's considered a trade deficit, which is used by candidates as a negative report card on U.S. trade. However, our economy is much more complicated than simple subtraction. Oftentimes, when the U.S. trade deficit is rising, the U.S. unemployment rate is declining and U.S. manufacturing production is growing. Also, the critics conveniently ignore when we do have a surplus, such as the fact that our country sells more manufactured goods overall to our FTA partners than we purchase from them. U.S. manufacturing output and exports have quadrupled over the past quarter century. Trade, boosted by trade agreements, is helping to fuel our economy.
Trade and manufacturing go hand in hand. The United States manufactures more today than we have in our entire history. Trade and trade agreements have opened the door to new global opportunities for manufacturers big and small throughout America, helping to sustain and grow jobs for millions of Americans. Let's continue to make sure manufacturers and America can continue to grow.
As the debate over trade continues, NAM Senior Vice President of Communications Erin Streeter sat down with NAM Senior Vice President of Government Relations and Policy Aric Newhouse and Texas Instruments Vice President of Government Relations Paula Collins to discuss what is at stake for manufacturers and their employees in this latest Shopfloor Podcast.
International trade is more than facts and figures—it's a critical component of a manufacturer's story. For Texas Instruments, and companies like it, international trade impacts every aspect of their business. Collins said,
80% of the purchasing power is outside the United States…Just about every employee that works at [Texas Instruments] is engaged in international trade one way or the other…because what we are producing, we are exporting. And there are just myriads of opportunities out there.
Learn more about the changing dynamics of trade and what it means for manufacturers to stay competitive in the global marketplace by clicking here.
While much of the attention of World Trade Month is focused on the growth that manufacturers can achieve with a strong market-opening trade agenda, that agenda only works if it is backed by strong enforcement. Trade enforcement applies not only to the trade agreements negotiated that eliminate foreign barriers but also to the trade rules that seek to ensure trade that is free from unfair government distortions. Read More


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Fatal explosions rock Brussels
Updated: 03/22/2016 - The death toll continues to rise following morning explosions in Brussels.
Updated: 03/22/2016 - The death toll continues to rise following morning explosions in Brussels.
Updated: 11/09/2015 - DALLAS -- At least one gunman opened fire on officers outside of police headquarters in Dallas early Saturday, spraying squad cars with bullets before fleeing in a van, which officers followed to a suburban parking lot and surrounded, beginning a standoff, the police chief said.
Updated: 07/10/2014 - LOVE COUNTY, OK -- Investigators say they're looking into new leads in the case of two Carter County residents who've been missing for over a year.
Posted: 11/19/2013 -
Updated: 11/06/2013 - Syncbak is bringing KXII's live broadcast television to the screens you use most — smart phones and tablets.
Updated: 04/24/2011 - SHERMAN, TX-A local man partnered up with Sherman Fire Department to help collect donations for firefighters battling wildfires in West Texas.
Updated: 04/22/2011 - SHERMAN, TX- Texomans hitting the road for the holiday weekend will encounter gas prices near 4 dollars, but according to a local mechanic, there are some easy ways to save.
Updated: 10/16/2014 - SHERMAN, TX-AAA Auto Insurance estimated nearly 40 million Americans will hit the road this Thanksgiving, a 12 percent increase from last year.
Updated: 11/18/2010 - SHERMAN, TX - Sherman Firefighters had to rescue a man trapped in his apartment late Wednesday night.


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Ebo and Tania are lovely and welcoming. The house is a walk up hill from the centre of town but there are micros that get you quite close. The view from the kitchen and the single room are amazing! The single room has a shared bathroom which is located on the main floor (2.5 flights of stairs down from the room). I spent a lovely week here while looking for permanent accommodation.
- Anonymní
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- Nomád nováček
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Great city view from the top floor where all guests can make use of the shared kitchen and balcony. Excellent hospitality! The owners were very kind and happy to assist with everything we needed.
- Anonymní
- Francie, Muž, 25-30
- Horlivý cestovatel
- 15 Recenze
Home atmosphere, very good facilities, safe. 10min walk from city center (up hill) (or cheap cab). I would recommend it got couples. It's quiet and nice. Lack of backpacker atmosphere with few rooms.
Mobilní aplikace Hostelworld
Rezervujte si pokoj na cestách s novou mobilní aplikací Hostelworld.


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The Mask (film)
|The Mask
Theatrical release poster
|Directed by
|Charles Russell
|Produced by
|Bob Engelman
|Screenplay by
|Mike Werb
|Story by
|Music by
|Randy Edelman
|John R. Leonetti
|Edited by
|Arthur Coburn
|Distributed by
|New Line Productions
Release dates
Running time
|101 minutes[1]
|United States
|$23 million[2]
|Box office
|$351.6 million[2]
The Mask is a 1994 American fantasy superhero slapstick action comedy film loosely based on a series of comic books published by Dark Horse Comics. This film was directed by Chuck Russell, and produced by Dark Horse Entertainment and New Line Cinema, and originally released to movie theatres on July 29, 1994. The film stars Jim Carrey as Stanley Ipkiss, a man who finds the Mask of Loki, which turns him into The Mask, a grinning, magically-powered trickster uninhibited by anything, including physical reality. The film's supporting cast includes Peter Greene, Amy Yasbeck, Peter Riegert, Richard Jeni, Ben Stein, Joely Fisher, and Cameron Diaz in her feature film debut as Stanley's love interest Tina Carlyle.
The movie was among the top ten moneymakers of its year, cemented Carrey's reputation as one of the dominant comedic actors of the time, and immediately established Diaz as a major star who would go on to have a long career as a leading lady. Carrey was nominated for a Golden Globe for his role, and the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects (Tom Bertino, Jon Farhat, Scott Squires and Steve 'Spaz' Williams), but lost to Forrest Gump.
Stanley Ipkiss is a shy and unlucky bank clerk working at the local Edge City bank. He is frequently ridiculed by everyone around him, except for his Jack Russell Terrier Milo, and his co-worker and best friend Charlie Schumaker. Meanwhile, gangster Dorian Tyrell, owner of the Coco Bongo nightclub, plots to overthrow his boss Niko. One day, Tyrell sends his singer girlfriend Tina Carlyle into Stanley's bank to record its layout, in preparation to rob the bank.
Stanley is attracted to Tina, and she seems to reciprocate. After being denied entrance to the Coco Bongo, he finds a wooden mask near the city's harbor. Placing it on his face transforms him into a zoot-suited, green-faced, bizarre trickster known as the Mask, who is able to cartoonishly alter himself and his surroundings at will. The Mask scares off a street gang (waiting on the streets) that attempts to rob him by turning a balloon into a Tommy gun; he scares his grouchy landlady, and injures the con-artist repairmen who did unnecessary work on his car and charged him for it.
The next morning, Stanley encounters detective Lieutenant Kellaway and newspaper reporter Peggy Brandt investigating the Mask's activity of the previous night. To attend Tina's performance, he again becomes the Mask to raid the bank, inadvertently foiling Tyrell's plan in the process. The cops rock up and shoot Tyrell's men. At the Coco Bongo, Stanley dances exuberantly with Tina, whom he ends up kissing. Following a confrontation with Tyrell for disrupting the bank robbery, Stanley flees leaving behind a scrap of cloth from his suit that transforms back into his pajamas, while the cops arrest Tyrell as a suspect for the bank robbery.
Based on the shred of cloth, Kellaway suspects Stanley to be the bank robber; he believes that "there can't be two idiots with those kind of pajamas." Stanley later consults a psychiatrist ( Ben Stein ) who has recently published a book on masks, and is told that the object may be a depiction of Loki, the Norse god of darkness and mischief. The same night, Stanley transforms into the Mask and meets Tina at a local park, but the meeting is interrupted by Kellaway, and Doyle who attempts to arrest him. Stanley escapes and exits the park, only to find a large group of police officers; he tricks them into joining him in a mass-performance of the Desi Arnaz song "Cuban Pete", takes off the mask and flees with Peggy, but she betrays him to Tyrell for a $50,000 bounty. Tyrell tries on the mask and becomes a malevolent green-faced monster. Forced to reveal the location of the stolen money, Stanley is kept hostage in one of the mob's cars while Tyrell's henchmen search his apartment. With the money now in the hands of Tyrell's gang, Stanley is then delivered to Kellaway at the police headquarters (along with a rubber green mask) where he is arrested.
When Tina visits Stanley in his cell, he urges her to flee the city. Tina thanks Stanley for treating her "like a person, and not some kind of party favor" and tells him that she knew that he was the Mask all along. She attempts to leave the city, but is captured by Tyrell's men and forcibly taken to a charity ball at the Coco Bongo hosted by Niko and attended by the city's elite, including Mayor Tilton. Upon arrival, the masked Tyrell kills Niko and the guards and prepares to destroy both the club and Tina with dynamite. Milo helps Stanley escape from his cell, and Stanley bumps into Kellaway and then uses him as a cover and hostage in a desperate attempt to stop Tyrell.
After locking Kellaway in his car, Stanley enters the club and manages to enlist the help of Charlie, but is soon after spotted and captured. Tina tricks Tyrell into taking off the mask, which is recovered and donned by Milo, turning the dog into a cartoonish pitbull who wreaks havoc among Tyrell's men, while Stanley fights Tyrell himself. After recovering the mask, Stanley uses its abilities to save Tina by swallowing Tyrell's bomb and flushing Tyrell down the drain of the club's ornamental fountain. The police arrive and arrest Tyrell's remaining henchmen, while Kellaway attempts to arrest Stanley once again. Mayor Tilton bumps into Kellaway and tells him to free Stanley because of Stanley's heroism and that Tyrell was the Mask the whole time. Tilton sets up a meeting with Kellaway in his office in the morning and all charges against Stanley are dropped. As the sun rises the following day, Stanley, Tina and Charlie take the mask back down to the harbor. Tina throws the mask into the water, and she and Stanley kiss. Charlie then jumps in the water to retrieve the mask for himself, only to have it taken by Milo first. The film ends with Stanley kissing Tina, quoting the Mask's catchphrase: "SssssMOKIN'!!!"
- Jim Carrey as Stanley Ipkiss / The Mask. Carrey commented that he characterized Stanley after his own father: "a nice guy, just trying to get by". Carrey was paid $450,000 for starring in the film, which was a huge bargain for New Line Cinema at the time.
- Cameron Diaz as Tina Carlyle, Dorian Tyrell's girlfriend and lounge singer at the Coco Bongo who later becomes Stanley's love interest. This role marked the feature film debut for Cameron Diaz. Before Diaz was cast, the studio considered casting Anna Nicole Smith, Vanessa L. Williams and Kristy Swanson. After Diaz auditioned twelve times for the role, she was finally cast only a week before filming began.[citation needed]
- Peter Greene as Dorian Tyrell, a mobster who wants to take over the city's underworld. Greene was cast after the studio's top choice, Gary Kemp, turned it down.
- Richard Jeni as Charlie Schumaker, Stanley's best friend and colleague.
- Peter Riegert as Lt. Mitch Kellaway, a cynical police detective who hunts the Mask, as well as Tyrell and Niko. Before Riegert was cast, the studio considered Richard Gere for the role.
- Jim Doughan as Det. Doyle, Lt. Kellaway's dim-witted partner.
- Amy Yasbeck as Peggy Brandt, a reporter with a crush on Stanley. In a deleted scene, Peggy is killed by Tyrell shortly after he first puts the mask on.
- Orestes Matacena as Niko, a Greek mafia boss and Tyrell's nemesis.
- Eamonn Roche as Mr. Dickey, the son of the Bank President who is Stanley and Charlie's superior.
- Nancy Fish as Mrs. Peenman, Stanley's grumpy land-lady.
- Tim Bagley as Irv Ripley, a mechanic who rips off Stanley.
- Johnny Williams as Burt Ripley, a mechanic and Irv's brother.
- Reginald E. Cathey as Freeze (called The Doctor in the film), Dorian Tyrell's trusted lieutenant and friend whose death, inadvertently caused by The Mask, drives Tyrell into a personal vendetta against Ipkiss.
- Denis Forest as Sweet Eddy, one of Tyrell's henchmen. Before Forest was cast, the studio considered Chris Elliott for the role.
- Ivory Ocean as Mayor Mitchell Tilton, the mayor of Edge City.
- Joely Fisher as Maggie, another one of Stanley's colleagues.
- Ben Stein as Dr. Arthur Neuman, Stanley's psychologist. He is the only character to appear in both The Mask and its sequel Son of the Mask.
- Royal Crown Revue as themselves / The Coco Bongo Band
Visual effects[edit]
The Mask's visual effects were handled by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) and Digital Domain. The sequences in the film which involved computer animation were supervised by ILM animation director Wes Takahashi.[3]
The film was a box-office success, grossing $119 million domestically and over $350 million worldwide,[2] becoming the second-highest grossing superhero movie at that time, behind Batman. The film also received positive reviews from critics, including Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times, who gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, noting Jim Carrey for his "joyful performance."[4] The Mask is one of three films featuring Carrey (the others being Ace Ventura: Pet Detective and Dumb and Dumber) released in 1994 that helped launch the actor to superstardom, though The Mask was the most successful of these three films both critically and commercially. The film is also notable for immediately establishing Diaz – previously a complete unknown – as a major star in Hollywood as well. The film is also considered a cult classic.[citation needed]
It currently holds a 77% "Certified Fresh" rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus stating "It misses perhaps as often as it hits, but Carrey's manic bombast, Diaz's blowsy appeal, and the film's overall cartoony bombast keep The Mask afloat."[5] On the television program Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, the critics gave the film "two thumbs up". Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from film critics, gave The Mask a rating score of 56, indicating "mixed or average reviews" based on 12 reviews.
The film was nominated for Best Visual Effects at the 67th Academy Awards, but lost to Forrest Gump. In addition, Carrey was nominated for a Golden Globe. Conversely, he was also nominated for a Razzie Award for "Worst New Star". The Mask was also nominated for the American Film Institute's 10 Top 10 list as a fantasy film,[6] and the Mask's quote "Somebody stop me!" was nominated for 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes, but neither of them made the list.[7]
Original soundtrack[edit]
The Mask: Music From the Motion Picture was released on July 26, 1994 on Chaos Records, which is associated with Sony Music Entertainment. It features music from Xscape, Tony! Toni! Toné!, Vanessa Williams, Harry Connick, Jr., Jim Carrey himself and more.
|The Mask:
Music from the Motion Picture
|Soundtrack album by Various artists
|July 26, 1994
|Swing, retro swing, pop rock, R&B, new jack swing
Track listing[edit]
- "Cuban Pete" (C & C Pop Radio Edit) - Jim Carrey
- "Who's That Man?" - Xscape
- "This Business of Love" - Domino
- "Bounce Around" - Tony! Toni! Toné!
- "(I Could Only) Whisper Your Name" - Harry Connick, Jr.
- "You Would Be My Baby" - Vanessa Williams
- "Hi De Ho" - K7
- "Let the Good Times Roll" - Fishbone
- "Straight Up" - The Brian Setzer Orchestra
- "Hey! Pachuco!" - Royal Crown Revue
- "Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You" - Susan Boyd
- "Cuban Pete" (Arkin Movie Mix) - Jim Carrey
The record label Epic Soundtrax released an orchestral score soundtrack to The Mask shortly after the original soundtrack's release. The score was composed and conducted by Randy Edelman and performed by the Irish Film Orchestra.
Orchestral score track listing[edit]
- Opening - The Origin of the Mask
- Tina
- Carnival
- Transformation
- Tango In The Park
- Lovebirds
- Out of the Line of Fire
- A Dark Night
- The Man Behind the Mask
- Dorian Gets a New Face
- Looking for a Way Out
- The Search
- Forked Tongue
- Milo to the Rescue
- The Mask Is Back
- Finale
|Chart (1994)
|U.S. Billboard 200
Home video[edit]
The film was released on VHS and Laserdisc on January 18th 1995 (and later on DVD) by New Line Home Video. The VHS version included an interview between Jim Carrey and Space Ghost, as a promotion for their corporate sibling Cartoon Network's Space Ghost Coast to Coast after the film. It also had a trailer for Jim Carrey's then-upcoming film, Dumb and Dumber, and ads for the soundtrack to the film, and for what was then branded as Betty Crocker Pop Secret. It was later released on Blu-ray Disc on December 9, 2008.[8] It has an aspect ratio of 1.85:1 and is encoded in 1080p/VC-1. Its audio is a 5.1 Dolby TrueHD encoded at a 16 bit / 48 kHz sample rate. Special features include additional scenes, production details and two commentary tracks, one by director Chuck Russell and the other by the rest of the production crew.
A animated television series was made, The Mask: Animated Series, and a video game, The Mask (video game), both based on the film.
- Son of the Mask, a theatrical follow-up to The Mask, and a critical and financial failure.
See also[edit]
- ^ "The Mask". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
- ^ a b c "The Mask (1994)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
- ^ "Subject: Wes Ford Takahashi". Animators' Hall of Fame. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (July 29, 1994). "The Mask". rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2006-08-01.
- ^ "The Mask (1994)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
- ^ AFI's 10 Top 10 Ballot
- ^ AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes Nominees
- ^ Dreuth, Josh (2008-12-09). "Today on Blu-ray - December 9". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
External links[edit]
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Mask (film)
- The Mask at the Internet Movie Database
- The Mask at the TCM Movie Database
- The Mask at AllMovie
- 1994 films
- English-language films
- 1990s comedy films
- 1990s fantasy films
- American fantasy-comedy films
- American films
- Films based on Dark Horse Comics
- Films based on Norse mythology
- Films directed by Chuck Russell
- Live-action films based on comics
- New Line Cinema films
- Superhero comedy films
- The Mask
- Masks in fiction
- Dark Horse Entertainment films
- Films adapted into television programs
- Films adapted into video games


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Litkovskaya Fall 2011 Campaign | Tanya by Nikolay Biryukov
Nomad - Photographer Nikolay Biryukov captures Ukrainian fashion brand Litkovskaya's fall 2011 campaign. Featuring model Tanya (President) in nomadic looks styled by Natalia Osadchaya, Litkovskaya's designs are high impact, with flowing silhouettes and warm furs. … [Read more...]
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Simply Chic - Mango front woman Isabeli Fontana models the Spanish label's new "Simplicity" collection for the fall season with tousled locks and a natural face. Comfy knits, casual denim and warm jackets are all staples of the autumn range with pops of color for a vibrant flair. … [Read more...]
Frida Gustavsson & Caroline Brasch Nielsen for H&M Conscious Fall 2011 Campaign
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Daphne Groeneveld & Lindsey Wixson for Versace for H&M Fall 2011 Campaign by Mert & Marcus
Versace x H&M - H&M continues with its high end label collaborations with an in-store capsule collection designed by Versace. Inspired by Versace's greatest hits, the campaign stars models Daphne Groeneveld and Lindsey Wixson lensed by Mert & Marcus with styling by Joe McKenna. … [Read more...]
Jourdan Dunn, Cara Delevingne & Edie Campbell for Burberry Fall 2011 Campaign by Mario Testino
October Storms - Burberry's October campaign is out, and the British label is looking forward to the upcoming winter with evening-wear styles and heavy outerwear shot by Mario Testino. Starring Jourdan Dunn, Cara Delevingne and Edie Campbell alongside male models Thomas Penfound, Johnny George and Rob Pryor, the group splits into three pairs with a romantic undertone. … [Read more...]
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text:
Encontrar uma cópia na biblioteca
Encontrando bibliotecas que possuem este item...
|Musical films
Romantic comedy films
Video recordings for the hearing impaired
Feature films
Fiction films
Comedy films
Feature Video recordings
Video recordings
|Tipo de Material:
|Gravação de vídeo
|Tipo de Documento:
|Material visual
|Todos os Autores / Contribuintes:
Bill Borden; Barry Rosenbush; Peter Barsocchini; Kenny Ortega; Zac Efron; Vanessa Hudgens; Ashley Tisdale; Lucas Grabeel; Corbin Bleu; Monique Coleman; David Nessim Lawrence; Walt Disney Pictures.; Borden & Rosenbush Entertainment (Firm); Buena Vista Home Entertainment (Firm)
|Número OCLC:
|Nota do Idioma:
|English, French or Spanish audio with optional English, French or Spanish subtitles; English subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing.
|Title from container.
Special features: Cast goodbyes.
|Director of photography, Daniel Aranyo ; editor, Don Brochu ; music, David Lawrence ; production designer, Mark Hofeling ; art direction, Wing Lee ; set decoration, Ken Kirchner ; costume designer, Caroline B. Marx ; executive producer, Kenny Ortega.
|Zac Efron, Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu, Monique Coleman.
|Público Alvo:
|MPAA rating: G.
|1 videodisc (ca. 112 min.) : sd., col. ; 4 3/4 in.
|DVD, region 1; NTSC; Dolby Digital 5.1 surround; widescreen (1.85:1, enhanced).
|Outros Títulos:
|High school musical 3 (Motion picture)
High school musical three.
Senior year
|Walt Disney Pictures presents a Borden & Rosenbuch Entertainment production, a Kenny Ortega film ; produced by Bill Borden and Barry Rosenbush ; written by Peter Barsocchini ; directed by Kenny Ortega.
Troy, Gabriella, Chad and Sharpay are getting ready to graduate from high school. Troy is the school basketball champ who secretly wants to sing and dance. His girlfriend is Gabriella, but she is going to a college that is far away from Troy. Troy's best friend is Chad. He doesn't want high school to end. The evil Sharpay wants Gabriella's part in the school play. As college approaches, the seniors are struggling with the idea of being separated from one another. Along with the rest of the Wildcats, they stage a spring musical to address their experiences, hopes and fears about their future.
Críticas contribuídas por usuários
Ítens Similares
Assuntos Relacionados:(14)
- High school seniors -- United States -- Drama.
- High school student activities -- United States -- Drama.
- Musicals -- United States -- Drama.
- High school students -- Conduct of life -- Drama.
- Musical -- Feature -- Video recordings.
- Romance -- Feature -- Video recordings.
- Comedy -- Feature -- Video recordings.
- Musical films -- Video recordings.
- Comedy films -- Video recordings.
- High school seniors.
- High school student activities.
- High school students -- Conduct of life.
- Musicals.
- United States.
Listas de usuários com este item (10)
- HPU Musicals(63 ítens)
por MediaServices atualizado 2015-03-26
- Live Action Children's Movies(168 ítens)
por MediaServices atualizado 2015-02-24
- HPU Comedy Part II(500 ítens)
por MediaServices atualizado 2014-02-21
- breezy's books(6 ítens)
por briannalewis atualizado 2013-06-19
- New Leisure Movies(361 ítens)
por ngcsu_leisure atualizado 2013-01-10


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Mount & Blade Warband: Napoleonic Wars out now, watch the launch trailer
Paradox has released Mount & Blade Warband: Napoleonic Wars which contains up to 250-player real-time combat. It features features five nations, a commander battle mode, extra artillery, the Engineer class, and over 220 new units. It will run you $9.99. A launch trailer is posted below.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


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Six weeks has gone fast. The third and last project was a giant leap from the previous one. We went from designing the circulation of a room to designing a library in South Boston.
The site of the proposed library is between a less-than-ideal residential neighborhood and an industrial area. After doing ten study models, I chose a strip-type architecture for the library.
The library has to include a bunch of programs, such as a library storage area, lobby, gallery, cafe, digital workshops, group reading rooms, storage vault, conservation lab, and administration offices.
My thesis, or parti, is to blur the boundary between the public and the private. Consequently, I made the build roof tops as accessible parks. And the exterior facade is glass so people can peek into the library when they are on the ramps or on outside platforms.
During the final review, one of the main comments was that I should have more architectural rules regarding the degree of the ramps and the size of each section.
Today is the last day of Career Discovery. The past six weeks has been a great learning experience. Definitely a great introduction to the study of architecture. In the studio, we did all the things by hand, these include the drawings, diagrams, and models. I wish we had time to learn some computer programs such as Rhino, SketchUp, and AutoCAD. That would be one thing I would change. But given the six weeks I think it would be hard to fit all that in. I especially enjoyed the morning lectures presented by varies practitioners and the field trips to to architectural sites and architecture firms. Overall, a wonderful experience and I really enjoyed meeting some great people!


text:
Whats the deal with Pictorialis these days?
The P forum is inactive and hardly anyone talks aobut it. Is there no interest now, and does this relate to the following:
1) When WP upgrades, can P follow the same way or does it need a complete rewrite (which probably wont happen)
2) Is WP + Exhibit just as good or even better?


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The Mental Toughness Errorby Arno Ilgner Jan/2009
This article has been read 4,506 times
It would seem as if Craig was being mentally tough by staying focused on the goal and not letting fear or the pump distract him; yet, that mental toughness resulted in a terrible fall and barely escaping a serious injury. When we think of being mentally tough we envision someone whose mind has power over one's body. It's a mind over matter approach. We envision the climber staying committed to the goal without giving in to the desire to quit.
This mind-over-matter approach caused Craig's mind to perceive the situation as he wished it to be, not as it actually was. With a mind-over-matter approach you rely on what your mind knows from past experience. This can be helpful to a degree in doing risk assessment, but it can interfere with perceiving the situation as it is now. This is what happened to Craig. He had climbed Zoo View before. He engaged Zoo View the second time with mental perceptions that he was �absolutely sure where the route went� and that �it wouldn't be difficult.� Both of these perceptions were wrong. He was getting feedback from the situation (the route and his body) telling him that he was off route and too pumped for committing to a no-fall section. His mind, however, still attached to the old perceptions, ignored this feedback and tried to distort the situation to fit its perceptions. He then engaged an inappropriate risk and fell.
Mental flexibility, conversely, allows you to stay receptive to the feedback you get from a situation. The fact that a situation is stressful indicates that learning needs to take place. Learning converts stress into comfort. In order to do this conversion you need to take in the stress, accept it, and process yourself through it. Doing this requires flexibility, not toughness. You don't distort the situation to fit your mind's perception of it, but rather let go of your mind's perception to see the situation as it is now. You do this in a matter-over-mind, not a mind-over-matter, approach. By engaging your body (matter) and keeping attention on the tasks your body is doing to climb, you allow your mind to accept and process the stress. What is required is to keep attention on the current task. Attention shouldn't be on thinking about the climbing. This will lead to reinforcing the existing mental construct and enhance toughness not flexibility. Attention should simply be immersed in what your body is doing to climb.
Risk Assessment
Mental toughness can lead to taking inappropriate risks because the end goal can interfere with assessing the situation effectively. Mental flexibility allows you to take appropriate risks. When you are stopped at a stance, assess the situation, and then make a decision that will lead to taking an appropriate risk.
Climbing has �no-fall� and �yes-fall� risks. You determine appropriateness differently for each of these. In no-fall risks you weigh the strength, skill, and confidence you have left, compared to what is left to climb, in order to pass through the difficulties and not fall. You usually climb more slowly, stay on routes below your technical ability, and you do listen to your mind when it determines you can't or shouldn't continue.
In yes-fall risks you weigh the fall consequence you face�length of fall, obstacles, etc.�against your actual experience taking such falls. You climb more quickly, get on routes at or above your technical ability, and you don't listen to your mind when it says you can't continue.
A primary part of mental flexibility is determining what type of risk you are in and then engaging accordingly. Many climbs have both yes- and no-fall zones. You could be on a runout trad climb, like Zoo View, that you'd label no-fall but has yes-fall zones close to solid pro. Or, you could be on a sport climb that you tend to think of as yes-fall but has sections where a fall could cause injury, like climbing to the first or second bolt or where the bolts are farther apart. Being mentally flexible means you do assessment several times on a climb and then engage accordingly. Mental toughness doesn't have the flexibility to adapt to these distinctions.
Craig had climbed Zoo View before without much difficulty so it was within his technical difficulty. But the second time he was off route, not knowing it at the time, facing a no-fall situation in a state of fatigue. His mind, however, insisted that he was on route and ignored the feedback his body and the climb were giving him. His mind was tough and rigid, clinging to its false perceptions. After taking a Warrior's Way course Craig learned how to be mentally flexible. He learned that the risk on Zoo View was no-fall and not appropriate to engage when the chance of falling was great. He also learned options he could have acted on based on the feedback he was getting from the situation. Doing this would keep him from being drawn in by the justifications of his mind. He could have down-climbed to his last stance to regroup and reassess. He could have rested at his current stance to regain strength. Doing this would have allowed him to see if he could collect enough strength to climb the no-fall section without falling. Or, he could have looked for more pro where he was, to convert the no-fall section into a yes-fall section. All of these flexible options would have been based on what was actually happening on the climb, not based on mental justifications about what should be happening. Matter (the body and the climb) directs the mind on how pumped you are, whether you face a no-fall or yes-fall section, and how to engaged based on the type of risk it is. Then the mind simply needs to stay flexible as the body engages appropriately. Climbing in a matter-over-mind approach allows you to keep attention fully on the task, based on the type of risk.
Mental toughness tends to force the mind's current perceptions onto the climb�a mind-over-matter approach. Mental flexibility keeps the mind's limiting perceptions from interfering with the feedback the body is currently experiencing�a matter-over-mind approach. Craig learned effective risk assessment for challenging climbs that he applied while taking the Warrior's Way course. Most important, though, he learned the value of staying mentally flexible so he could process whatever happens on the climb to insure he engages appropriate to the risk and still performs at his best.
His book The Rock Warrior's Way: Mental Training for Climbers is available from his websiteThe Warrior's Way and from Amazon
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text: I've got a site where I occasionally write a blog and also upload new docs for people to download. I would like some sort of feature/button on the blog page and on the download page so that people who wish to be notified when I write or supply fresh content are emailed. Thus I think I require a box where they input their email address and then a click a subscription button. I don't really want an RSS button since I think people don't often check their RSS feeds (correct me if I am wrong but do you get a notification if you subscribe via RSS?).


text:
|Too small
|Somewhat small
|Fits as expected
|Somewhat large
|Too large
Barely There Women's Invisible Look Underwire Bra - 4104
|$22.99 - $49.99 & FREE Returns on some sizes and colors. Details
- 100% Nylon
- Imported
- Hook & Eye closure
- Hand Wash
- 85 percent nylon, 15 percent spandex
- Convertible straps
- Seamless, tagless
Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought
Product Description
This beautiful underwire bra has flexible foam cups that provide a completely smooth look under clothes
Featuring tagless comfort, this Barely There bra is undetectable under even the thinnest fabrics. With foam molded cups and hidden underwire for a smooth, seamless look, the back straps can be criss-crossed. It has a two-row, three-column back closure
- Product Dimensions: 11.9 x 7.3 x 2.2 inches
- Shipping Weight: 4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
- Item model number: 4104
- Date first available at Amazon.com: August 8, 2005
- Domestic Shipping: This item is also available for shipping to select countries outside the U.S.
- International Shipping: This item is not eligible for international shipping. Learn More
- #317 in Clothing > Women > Lingerie, Sleep & Lounge > Lingerie > Bras > Everyday Bras
- Average Customer Review:
Customer Reviews
Top Customer Reviews
While shopping online for yet another wire free bra, I stumbled across the Barely There 4104. I somehow missed the "underwire" description and ordered one, thinking it was wire free. When it arrived, I tried it on and was amazed how comfortable and supportive it was. This bra is even more comfortable than the wire free models I have previously ordered.
The Invisible Look 4104 is the perfect combination of comfort, support and discreet style. I highly recommend it.
I hate bra shopping. They are expensive and I resent spending the money they want for an article of clothing I'm covering up. And being a 34 D means I actually need the bleeping things to fit right and to hold body parts up. They have to work harder at that every year. Darn gravity.
I mostly hate bra shopping because once I spend a small fortune and bring home the itty bitty bag of items, I generally find upon longer wear than the 45 seconds in the dressing room, that something is uncomfortable about them--generally the underwire starts trying to slowly stab me to death over the course of the day. And since I used to shop the sales ( see the second sentence of the long review as to why) the store would invariably only have 1.33 bras left on the rack in my size (I didn't even intend for that pun!). Don't believe they can only have 1.33? According the the 2000 census poll, the average size of the American family is 3.14. Do not doubt the math.
My second big complaint is that everything is held in place during the aforementioned 45 second stint in the dressing room, but in real life I am doing things I don't do in a dressing room. Like unloading the dryer. And cleaning cat puke off the floor. You know, things Kim Kardashian has nightmares about.Read more ›
So how did I come to obtain this bra, given my hatred for padding? Simple: because the information provided here on Amazon does not reveal that the bras contain any padding at all, nor does the picture display the bra at a good angle or at high enough resolution for me to have been able to tell from it. The list of bra's materials given online does not include polyurethane, although polyurethane is properly indicated on the bra itself, under "cup pad." If the online information had mentioned "cup pad" or, better yet, had listed polyurethane as one of the bra's materials, I'd have known better than to buy this item.
Thus, I give the item 3 stars. It looks like any other bra of its kind (cheap and funny-shaped, in my personal opinion, but I understand others may disagree), but the major issue I have is that its materials and construction were not properly advertised. And now, if you'll excuse me, I have to go to the post office and return it.
Most Recent Customer Reviews
Great bra, just wish I could still get taupe ones in my sized. The Hane's Ultimate Invisible bras that seem to be the same fit smaller.Published 1 day ago by C. Hall
My normal size is 34A but this bra seems to fit a little larger causing creases to appear.Published 13 days ago by Kristina Hyde
Beautiful, well made and so comfortable. I hardly knew I had it on it fit so well.
After partial mastectomy I had a hard time fitting and wearing a bra. Read more
Love this bra. So glad you still have it available. ThanksPublished 2 months ago by Amazon Customer
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