text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 10, 2005
|Filing date
|Mar 21, 2003
|Priority date
|Mar 21, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kan Wu, Chiang-Chou Lo, Po-Chun Lai, Hsu-Jen Chen, Ming-Cheng Chien, Wei-Jai Hung
|Original Assignee
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (8), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to balancing work release in a manufacturing system, and more particularly to balancing work release based on both demand and supply requirements and conditions.
Manufacturers are continually striving to improve the efficiency of their manufacturing operations to gain or maintain an advantage over their competition. Properly controlling the amount of work released into a manufacturing system and the dispatching work to work centers within the system generally are important for maximizing the throughput of the system. These control functions, however, may be affected by many variables in the system, especially in a complicated manufacturing process. For example, modern semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing may involve hundreds of steps, with multiple products being manufactured at the same time. In addition, various work stages may take different amounts of time to complete, and some stages may operate on individual wafer lots, while others may operate on several wafer lots at the same time in a batch mode.
To improve control of the manufacturing process, various methods of controlling the release of work have been implemented in manufacturing operations such as semiconductor fabrication facilities (fabs). Traditional work release policies generally may be classified into two different types of approaches, push systems such as material requirements planning (MRP), and pull systems such as constant work-in-progress (CONWIP). There are, however, drawbacks to each approach.
As a push type system, MRP generally releases lots into a manufacturing facility according to a demand plan. MRP determines what assemblies must be built and what materials must be procured in order to build a unit of work by a certain date. MRP queries the bill of materials and inventory databases to derive the necessary elements. One disadvantage of the MRP approach, however, is that it does not consider plant conditions in determining the work release plan. Because of limitations in the plant, an MRP-generated schedule may get so far ahead of production that it can overwhelm the manufacturing plant with work-in-progress (WIP).
In contrast, as a pull type system, CONWIP generally releases lots according to a pre-defined work in progress cap or limit. Because CONWIP considers the manufacturing facility's conditions, it generally avoids the MRP problem of excessive WIP. CONWIP, however, generally considers the facility status in only a rudimentary manner, and is not sufficiently detailed to account for dynamic fab conditions.
Another potential problem with CONWIP is that it generally does not consider the capacity impact of complex product mixes or customer requests. Critical ratio (C/R) may be defined as [Master Production Schedule (MPS) date−Work Start date]/[Forecast cycle time (C/T)]. For a semiconductor fab, Work Start is Wafer Start (W/S). Forecast C/T may be determined using historical fab data. C/R can provide a measure of the urgency of each lot for meeting on-time delivery. When C/R>1, a lot is ahead of schedule; when C/R<1, a lot is behind schedule. C/R may measure demand through the MPS value and supply through the forecast C/T. If a wafer only starts when C/R=1 and forecast C/T uses a fixed and maintained number, then this is generally the same as the MRP approach. C/R is generally only meaningful inside the same product group, however, because it cannot objectively compare products that belong to different capacity constraints.
In some situations, production control (PC) planners may rely on their own personal experience to determine a work release plan. For example, they may attempt to estimate a wafer start quantity in an informal manner based on some combination of the monthly MPS target, the fab front-end machine conditions (M/C), WIP conditions, and customer requests. For example, for production lots, PC account planners book lots on booking files. Then PC fab planners schedule new-booked lots on the Manufacturing Execution System (MES), checking whether part status is ready or not. Then PC fab planners reschedule all lots according to critical ratio and fab line balance.
For pilot lots and probe card wafers, PC account planners book lots on booking files according to Engineering Notice/Order Management. Then PC pilot planners schedule new-booked lots on the MES, checking whether mask status is ready or not. Finally, for engineering lots/loop test, Engineering Integration engineers issue an application form, then PC pilot planners schedule lots on the MES. Obviously, the success of such an experience-based approach depends heavily on the level of experience and skill of the individual, and a wide range of results may be realized when relying on personal experience as a guide for work release.
Currently, there does not exist a systematic approach for determining the proper amount of work to release to a production line without the limitations of the approaches described above.
These and other problems are generally solved or circumvented, and technical advantages are generally achieved, by preferred embodiments of the present invention which use a systematic approach for generating a work release plan that considers both demand and supply variables.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for generating a work release plan for a manufacturing system comprises prioritizing scheduled lots in order of their critical ratios, estimating an initial daily release quota for the scheduled lots based on both pull and push requirements, and determining detailed capacity constraints for the manufacturing system. The method further comprises testing whether the initial daily release quota complies with the detailed capacity constraints, and, if the detailed capacity constraints are violated, rearranging the lots in the initial daily release quota so that the detailed capacity constraints are met.
An advantage of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is the achievement of higher customer satisfaction by releasing lots into the manufacturing system in accordance with customer requests.
A further advantage of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is the reduction of the manufacturing facility's cycle time by smoothing the WIP profile.
Another advantage of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is that it assists in achieving the fabrication facility's output target.
Yet another advantage of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the systematic balancing of both demand and supply variables provides a work release policy that is generally independent of controllers' personal experience.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures or processes for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The making and using of the presently preferred embodiments are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention will be described with respect to preferred embodiments in a specific context, namely a wafer start policy in a semiconductor fab producing integrated circuits. The invention may also be applied, however, to other manufacturing systems generating other products. In particular, manufacturing lines that operate on a multiple products at the same time, and with variable processing at work centers in the line, should benefit from the balanced work release system and method disclosed herein.
In a preferred embodiment, a procedure for generating a work release plan is illustrated by flowchart 100 in FIG. 1. First all of the scheduled lots are ordered according to their C/R, lowest to highest, in step 102. Then a daily work start quota is determined by finding the minimum one of the following variables: overall capacity constraints and front end line balance, in step 104. Alternatively, the fab or MPS output target requirement, which is the current day's quota plus any prior non-released quota, also may be considered in determining the daily work start quota.
Next, in step 106, a detailed capacity check is performed for the following constraints: capacity for special tool groups (e.g., poly-etchers for memory products), batch size optimization (e.g., for a furnace), and availability of limited quantity tools (e.g., photolithography masks). Step 108 tests whether any of these constraints are violated by a particular lot. If so, and if other lots are available for release, step 110 pushes the limiting lot out and pulls the other lots in to make up for any shortage in the original daily quota. When no constraints are violated, step 112 provides the final work release plan.
Generally, this method uses both demand and supply variables to generate the work release plan. Critical ratio and fab output target requirement are push oriented, while capacity limit and front end line balance are both pull oriented. The final work release plan thus takes into account more variables than either a push system or pull system alone, and does not rely on a planner's personal experience. Each of the components is discussed in further detail below.
First, the critical ratio is determined for each lot. The critical ratio is generally defined as the ratio between the time remaining until the customer due date and the work that needs to be completed to finish the product. The formula is as follows:
C/R=(MPS date−Today's Date)/(Forecast out date−Today's Date)
When 0<=C/R<1, a lot is behind schedule, when C/R>1, a lot is ahead of schedule, and when C/R=1, a lot is on schedule. A warning may be optionally generated if C/R<0.9 or C/R>1.2. C/R may reflect both demand and supply needs in some respects because forecasted cycle time is calculated according to the fabrication facility conditions. Wafer start policy, however, cannot simply depend on this factor because the fabrication facility condition's are too dynamic. For example, if the fab's front end WIP is congested, the forecast cycle time of a non-started lot will be long. Therefore, some lots' C/Rs may be close to one or even lower than one. If all the lots are released immediately according to the C/R, however, the congestion may become even worse. The release may not help the lots catch up with schedule, but it may hurt the fab's line balance and increase the difficulties of the fab's operations. Therefore, prioritizing lots according to the C/R is just the first step in determining the wafer start plan.
Next, a daily wafer start quota is determined by finding the minimum one of the following variables: (1) overall capacity constraints, (2) front end line balance, and (3) fab or MPS output target requirement.
Overall capacity constraints are used to control overall fab bottleneck loading. Different from the MPS output target requirement, overall capacity constraints come from the supply side instead of the demand side. Overall capacity constraints measure the bottleneck loading from the perspective of the entire fab, including the back end. Reasonable monthly output and cycle time targets may be generated according to the fab capacity and variability. Generally, according to Little's formula:
WIP/Cycle time=Throughput rate,
when monthly output and cycle time targets are known, the required WIP level may be calculated. Therefore, the wafer start policy adjusts the current WIP level so that the required WIP level is achieved.
Generally, overall capacity constraints may be calculated in three ways: simulation, planner estimation, and heuristic estimation. As an example using planner estimation, assume that the current WIP is 80,000, the current throughput rate is 1200 wafers/day this month, the C/T target is 2.2 days/layer, and the required throughput rate for next month is 40,000 wafers/month. According to Little's Law, the required WIP =C/T * Throughput rate =2.2 * 40,000 =88,000. Thus, to meet the required WIP level at the middle of the month (planned at the beginning of the month), the wafer start quantity for next month =(88000−80000)15+1200=1733.
As an example using heuristic estimation, assume that the photolithography is the bottleneck area, the C/T is 2.2 days/layer, and the throughput rate is 40,000 wafers/month. According to Little's Law, WIP=C/T*Throughput rate=2.2 * 40,000=88,000. Transferring to the photo layer equivalent: 88,000 * (average total layer/2)=Σiloti* remaining layeri+W/S qty * average total layer. In this estimation, W/S quantity is used as the overall capacity constraint. This heuristic estimation is attempting to keep the total photo layers at a reasonable target level, and considers the photolithography conditions more closely than planner estimation.
Next, the front end line balance is analyzed. Front end capacity is given particular attention because wafer starts affect the front end immediately. Before determining a reasonable front end WIP level, the front end bottleneck tool should be identified. Generally, the bottleneck tool will have the property of either high utilization or large variability, which often may cause WIP to pile up in front of it. Therefore, the front end may be thought of as being from wafer start to the first primary bottleneck, such as the furnace area, which places a limit on the front end WIP. The front end WIP may fluctuate a great deal because of inherent furnace operations, which have large batch sizes and long process times. If one of the furnaces becomes unstable, WIP will quickly back up in front of the furnace within a short period of time.
Once the bottleneck tool is identified, a reasonable WIP level between the wafer start and the bottleneck tool may be predicted by using historical WIP data, estimation, or simulation. As with the overall capacity constraints, the wafer start policy adjusts the current front end WIP level in order to achieve the required WIP level. As an example, in a simulation, wafer start is determined according to the difference between the standard WIP level and the forecasted WIP profile.
With respect to the fab or MPS output target requirement, demand data (output quantity and date) and fixed cycle time may be used to estimate the wafer start quantity (e.g., an MRP approach). This value may be averaged over a number of days, so that if it is not met one day it can be increased the next day. Table 300 in
After the initial daily work release quota is determined, detailed fab capacity limits are checked. Because machine status, WIP profile, and operator efficiency are changing variables, fab capacity is dynamic. In order to account for the fab's dynamic conditions effectively, detailed constraints, such as specific tool group capacity, batch size optimization, and limited quantity tool capacity, are analyzed.
Capacity constraints from specific tool groups, such as poly etcher, polyimide, etc., are considered in order to prevent machine overloading. Some specific tool groups can become bottlenecked under specific product mixes. For example, if there is an excess of memory product, the poly-etcher area may become a bottleneck. As another example, if overlay is critical at the photolithography area, the scanners' loading balance will also need to be maintained. In particular, with small feature size processes, such as less than 0.18 microns, each lot is processed at the same machine for multiple stages, and cannot be processed on a different machine. In a preferred embodiment for photo loading balance, if other tools are available, then there should be no more than 6 lots per tool per day to minimize the impact of a product hold request, although other quantities may be used depending on the particular fab conditions. This number provides balance with the competing rule that as much as possible of the same product should be gathered at one tool in order to minimize changeover.
Special tool groups' capacity constraints may be calculated in two ways: simulation and static estimation. Graph 400 in
Batch size optimization accounts for particular work centers that have a large batch size and a long processing time, which may cause specific bottlenecks. For example, in semiconductor fab front end, many furnaces are involved in forming specific films on the wafers. In order to fully and efficiently utilize the furnaces, parts that use the same furnace recipes should be grouped together to form a batch. In addition, making lots the same size as the furnace batch size promotes efficiency.
With respect to limited quantity tools, in a semiconductor fab every product generally has its own specific photo mask for each photo layer. A lot may only be run when both its tool is available and its photo mask is ready. If too many lots that use the same mask are started at the same time, WIP congestion may be caused in the photo area. Even when many steppers or scanners are available, the lots may still have to wait because the required photo mask is being used with other lots. In a preferred embodiment for the photo mask area, a product that has only one mask set should be released at a rate of no more than 12 lots per day (i.e., less than 12 lots per part/mask per day), although other quantities may be used depending on the particular fab conditions. This provides a balance between keeping the number low enough so as not to back up parts waiting for a mask, and high enough so as to minimize changeover.
Next, for this example capacity limits are 3 shaded circle lots per day at most, 4 lots per product per day at most, and 6 lots per day total at most. On day 500, these rules are met. On day 502, however, there are 4 shaded circle lots, violating one of the three rules. Accordingly, lot 510 is moved to the day 504. All rules are met for days 504, 506 and 508. Finally, front end line balance is performed to provide a reasonable WIP level set by the front end tool sets. In this example, the number is 3 to 8 lots, as shown in FIG. 5. Once all wafer start rules are met as best possible, the work release plan is submitted to the fab. The preferred embodiments thus balance the various pull and push system variables, enabling detailed control of the manufacturing system without relying on planners' personal experience.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, many of the features and functions discussed above can be implemented in software, hardware, or firmware, or a combination thereof. As another example, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the specific values for variables and parameters provided may be varied while remaining within the scope of the present invention. In addition, not all variables described herein must be analyzed in order to accomplish the work release balancing in accordance with the present invention. For example, the detailed capacity checks may vary depending on the type of manufacturing system being used and products being processed. Moreover, the order of various steps described herein may be varied while remaining within the scope of the present invention. Finally, in some circumstances it may not be possible to meet every rule used in determining a work release plan, in which case tradeoffs generally are made to optimize the work release plan to the extent possible.
Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 5, 1994
|Aug 6, 1996
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.
|Ratio of running work in progress
|Apr 4, 1995
|Aug 13, 1996
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd
|Dynamic dispatching rule that uses long term due date and short term queue time to improve delivery performance
|Mar 24, 1992
|Dec 17, 1996
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Method and system for production planning
|May 12, 1995
|Mar 18, 1997
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd.
|Method and system for dynamic dispatching in semiconductor manufacturing plants
|Jul 26, 1996
|May 12, 1998
|Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, Ltd.
|Fuzzy logic method and system for adjustment of priority rating of work in process in a production line
|Oct 18, 1996
|Oct 6, 1998
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd.
|Dynamic lot dispatching required turn rate factory control system and method of operation thereof
|Mar 11, 1997
|Oct 20, 1998
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Method for determining standard cycle time of a stage dynamically
|Apr 2, 1996
|Oct 20, 1998
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing
|Daily target generation and machine allocation with priority
|May 21, 1997
|Nov 24, 1998
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for dispatching lots in a factory
|Jan 27, 1997
|Mar 9, 1999
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
|Method to improve WIP balance in a manufacturing line
|Oct 21, 1996
|Jul 27, 1999
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for priority based scheduling of wafer processing within a multiple chamber semiconductor wafer processing tool
|Sep 26, 1997
|Aug 24, 1999
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Advanced material requirements planning in microelectronics manufacturing
|Nov 24, 1998
|Jul 17, 2001
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Method for allocating bottleneck resources
|Mar 22, 1999
|Mar 5, 2002
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
|Method for allocating lot priority by ranking lots as a function of budget queue time in a manufacturing control system
|Jan 4, 1999
|Mar 12, 2002
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Method for automatic scheduling of production plan
|Apr 21, 1999
|Jul 2, 2002
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd
|Dynamic capacity demand forecast system
|May 17, 1999
|Aug 13, 2002
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
|Method for performing dynamic re-scheduling of fabrication plant
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 2, 2004
|Feb 21, 2006
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|System and method of reserving capacity for a pre-process order
|Aug 2, 2004
|Jun 27, 2006
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Method and system for prioritizing material to clear exception conditions
|Aug 25, 2010
|Oct 1, 2013
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Work plan prioritization for application development and maintenance using pooled resources in a factory
|Aug 20, 2013
|Aug 19, 2014
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Work plan prioritization for application development and maintenance using pooled resources in a factory
|Oct 21, 2013
|Oct 14, 2014
|National Tsing Hua University
|Photolithography capacity planning system and non-transitory computer readable media thereof
|Nov 1, 2004
|May 5, 2005
|Tomohiko Maeda
|Production planning method and apparatus
|Aug 2, 2004
|Feb 2, 2006
|Purdy Matthew A
|Method and system for prioritizing material to clear exception conditions
|Dec 3, 2009
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method of releasing units in a production facility
|U.S. Classification
|700/101, 700/102
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 21, 2003
Owner name: TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LTD.,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WU, KAN;LO, CHIANG-CHOU;LAI, PO-CHUN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013908/0851;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030312 TO 20030314
|Oct 9, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 28, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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"Fascinating, erudite"
Niall Ferguson has a definite point of view (how refreshing in this time of moral equivalance). He is definitely proud of his western heritage. He is able to give a fascinating account and analysis of the rise of the west, and worries for it's future. I enjoyed each chapter as they brought fresh insignts into historical events. He discusses connections between social, religious, and economic factors. His concluding chapter, in which he discussess civilization as a complex structure is excellent. I highly recommend this book, and this author. On to his next book.
"more of a single theme than I expected"
Naill was an excellent narrator! the book to me was entertaining more than educational due the influence of Nassim Taleb on my thinking involving the legitimacy of any historical arguments of causation made after the fact.
"Great momentum"
The reader/writer don't dwell too long on any one subject or setting.
But part of that problem is that certain settings were over too quickly.
I just wanted more. But felt satisfied nonetheless.
"Well argued introduction to the "Great Divergence""
I only wish the quoted sections weren't read in such ridiculous accents. Otherwise, terrific book.
"Engaging history"
This is compelling in much the same was as Jared Diamond's book, which this book is, in part, a response to. The ideas are interesting and well-arranged. Ferguson's enthusiasms are infectious; they also make his reading good. The performance loses a star because the accents for quotations are sometimes pretty poorly done.
"Poorly organized, presented, and argued"
I agree with the overall premise of the book, and even the conclusions, but the book itself is so meandering and rambling it is a struggle to get through it. Most of the time I found myself asking, "What does this historical story or anecdote have to do with the chapter or the point he is trying to make?" He relays many historical events, which might be very interesting in their own rights, but they seem to rarely have any relevance to the subject matter at hand! Look for the Rodney Stark book on the rise and success of the West...it is much, much better.
"Excellent counter balance to "pop" history"
Ferguson delivers on laying out the ugliness of what Western Civilization has done, from slavery to genocide to Nazism. He clearly points to factors that have given Western Civilization an edge. Often by willingly or unwillingly accepting diversity without denying its own cultural heritage. I would love to see a follow up in light of recent events.
"Outstanding & sobering"
Exceeded my expectations. Even though it confirmed my expectation of American collapse, it was enlightening. I highly recommend this book.
Fascinating overview of the contributing factors to the rise - and potential fall of western civilization. I found the influence of the Protestant work ethic - and the impact on saving - particularly enlightening. The impact of mechanization in clothing manufacture was interesting as well. Certainly mind expanding.
Kevin Farris
"A must read perspective."
Though not immune to criticism - what non-fiction work is not - but critical reading for one that studies or want to learn of a history of civilization & some thought provoking insight into the possible future of the current systems of civilization.


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The Money Train That Is Sports TV
Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban is not everyone's barrel of fun but I like him because he's impish and honest, and the other day he said an obvious but rather extraordinary thing. He was talking about the recent controversy involving the NBA and the San Antonio Spurs, and he opined that the league was correct to fine the Spurs $250,000 for not playing their best players in a nationally televised game versus Miami last week. Cuban said he didn't really have a problem with the Spurs sitting their aging talent—they have done it before—but suggested they should have picked another game, and not one scheduled for a big telecast on TNT.
"My opinion is, if it wasn't a Thursday night TV game, nothing would have happened," Cuban said, according to the Dallas Morning News. He later added: "Rest your starters for the long haul? One game earlier, one game later? Sure. Rest them when you've got our biggest customer at stake, that's a whole different animal."
Thank you, thank you, thank you, Mr. Cuban. I know it seems silly to praise someone for acknowledging the plain-sight relationship between a sports league and television, but that relationship is seldom characterized in such a collaborative manner, especially as far as game action is concerned. Cuban probably thought he was just stating a fact—and he was stating a fact—but it was valuable to hear it out loud.
Because television does rule sports, like never before. Not a month seems to pass in which there's not some new TV contract announced for a professional or college sports league, and the figures are astonishing—billions of dollars, piled high over years, sometimes decades. Last year at this time, the NFL reached new agreements with Fox, CBS and NBC that totaled $27.9 billion. Even regional leagues and single teams can command huge figures, sometimes into the billions for one franchise alone. The Los Angeles Times reported late last month that Fox and the Los Angeles Dodgers were closing in on a deal valued around $6 billion. (Fox is a unit of News Corp., which also owns The Wall Street Journal.)
These megadeals are not breaking news. This is the accepted reality. Television is the driver behind the comical conference-hopping that is rearranging the geography of college sports, as the map is redrawn and San Diego State and Boise State are welcomed into something that still calls itself, with no irony, the Big East. It is behind Maryland's move to the Big Ten and Louisville's escape to the ACC. It is why the BCS championship occurs on Monday prime time in early January, not the calm of New Year's Day. Television is at the heart of the coming BCS playoff—the Journal's Rachel Bachman reported that ESPN's deal for the new format is worth about $470 million annually.
These are flabbergasting amounts of money, and it only makes sense that it elevates the partners who are writing the checks. That's what Cuban meant when he called TV "the driver for all things financial in sports. Period, end of story. We are not 10 years ago where TV is just another source of income. That is the money train. Period, end of story, no questions asked."
The Money Train is what the San Antonio Spurs ran up against when they decided to rest the aging Tim Duncan, Tony Parker and Manu Ginobili versus Miami. Sure, you can have the distraction arguments—the Spurs rest their seniors all the time; they'd already played a tough stretch of games that week; the NBA schedule is too long and intense. You can accept Stern's vague statement that the Spurs' Day Off was "contrary to the best interests of the NBA" and a "disservice to the league and our fans."
Or you can just cut to the chase with Cuban: This was about TV. That doesn't mean the NBA's fine of San Antonio wasn't completely over the top, or doesn't provoke troubling questions (should TV relationships be valued over player relationships?). But it is to confront a reality that sports is still prissy about: that games are entertainment, and entertainment is what the networks pay top dollar for. It is to embrace the obvious. The Spurs made a perfectly defensible choice that crossed a bright modern line. You can love it or hate it. But don't look to the basketball court for an explanation. Look at the screen in your living room.
Write to Jason Gay at email@example.com
The WSJ projects Team USA to win the overall medal race in Rio—thanks largely to its dominant contingent of female stars.
Perfect, Freaky Olympic Bodies
We focused on four types of athletes—cyclists, weightlifters, swimmers and high jumpers—to imagine just how different 'faster, stronger, higher,' could look.
The Olympic Fantasy Confronts Reality
The scrutiny facing Rio epitomizes the changing perception of the Games.
Brazil Calls in the Military to Win Olympic Gold
Brazil has enlisted athletes in its military to boost the country's chances for gold.
How to Make Olympic Basketball Interesting
Team USA's dominance means the most intriguing thing to watch in Rio is how the subtle differences of the international game
Rio Olympics 2016


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Inmate fight leads to criminal chargeMarch 26,2014Inmate fight leads to criminal charge
An inmate at the Rutland jail will face a new charge for allegedly striking another prisoner.
Vermont State Police say 26-year-old Joseph N. Shackett III struck fellow inmate Jacob Gero, 23, in the back of the head during a fight in the jails A pod on Monday afternoon.
Shackett, who is in jail for an alleged probation violation, was charged with simple assault and will appear in Rutland criminal court next month.
Shackett was out on probation for convictions on a number of offenses including simple assault on a law enforcement officer, retail theft and reckless endangerment, according to court records.MORE IN This Just InMore than 26,000 people were without power when severe thunderstorms rolled through the state in... Full Story
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The best looking pup you'll ever find. He is a Chocolate (Isabella) and Cream Dapple boy,
I am presently accepting a Deposit check in order to hold him until he ready to go the end of August.
He will come with his first 5-way shot, immunization records, wormed, and a can of his puppy food.
His full AKC Puppy registration paperwork is available, (but will require an additional fee.)
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"Swinging Richards" Male Strip Club Concerns North Miami Beach Residents
North Miami Beach residents aren't so concerned that there's a new gay strip joint in town. They're more concerned about the club's name: Swinging Richards. For you slow folk out there, that pretty much translates to "Swinging Dicks." While it's certainly an apt name for a male strip club, some residents don't appreciate the bluntness.
Swinging Richards has operated a club in Atlanta since 1996, and late last month opened a second location on 17450 Biscayne Blvd. Unlike other local gay bars which feature go-go boys -- like the recently opened Johnny's in downtown -- the dancers don't keep their junk locked up in tiny briefs on stage. They let it all hang out. Hence the controversial name.
"I think they are just concerned about what it means and what kids are going to think and what we are kind of known for, sort of," North Miami Beach Councilwoman Barbara Kramer told NBC Miami.
Though, everyone NBC Miami talked to wanted to empathize that it wasn't so much that it was a gay strip club they were upset about, as much as just the name. The location they've opened in has housed previous adult establishment.
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This isn't the first strip club name hullabaloo in Miami-Dade. BT's Gentlemen Club in South Miami, for example, is not owned by a man named BT. The club, which features fully nude female dancers, used to be known as the Booby Trap.
Maybe the club could find another name: Peen Station, Cock of the Walks, Wiener Hut, Boner Yard, The Tool Box, Dongville, Chode Plaza, Banana Stand, Love Shaft Shack, or Captain Winky's.
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[Watch] Here's What Happens When Your Side Chick Crashes Your Wedding
It's a scene out of a Tyler Perry movie.
The East African nation of Tanganyika, which would later merge with the country of Zanzibar to become Tanzania, proclaimed its independence from Great Britain. Tanganyika was the first East African country to become a sovereign state.
BET National News - Keep up to date with breaking news stories from around the nation, including headlines from the hip hop and entertainment world.
(Photo: Keystone/Getty Images)
It's a scene out of a Tyler Perry movie.
A few fellow students have taken to Instagram displaying an appalling lack of remorse


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Rich Kids of Beverly Hills star and interior designer Roxy Sowlaty shares her haute secrets to Los Angeles. Read More
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Let your kids live the ultimate movie star experience with the Peninsula Beverly Hills' $12,000 "World Premiere Experience." Read More
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When you are the executive chef of a prominent Harvard Square restaurant, it's important to cultivate lasting relationships with local suppliers of fresh produce, fish and game. Peter Davis has been doing just that since opening Henrietta's Table at The Charles Hotel in 1995. Davis' cooking has gained him national attention over the years for one of the best brunches in the city. Read More
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Liver transplantation (LT) has saved the lives of many patients with end-stage liver diseases and has become a curative procedure for certain liver diseases.1 Similar to other types of organ transplantation, chimerism can develop after LT with the chimeric cells either circulating or integrated into the parenchyma.2 Several types of reciprocal chimerisms after LT have been reported, including (1) recipient-derived cells in the donor organ3, 4; (2) hematopoietic chimerism of donor origin in the recipient blood5-7; and (3) donor origin cells in the skin and lymph nodes.8 Donor lymphocyte chimerism is common after LT, but it usually decreases and often disappears within 3 weeks.6 However, it has been shown that blood chimerism can last for years.8 Complete donor hematopoietic chimerism, in which the whole lineage of blood cells are of donor origin, has been detected in a LT recipient 3 years after LT.7
Clinically, the effect of chimerism in the recipients of solid-organ transplants is uncertain. Some researchers consider that developing a hematopoietic chimerism could be a desirable situation after LT, because the chimerism is often associated with allograft tolerance and therefore immunosuppression-related side effects could be reduced by obviating the need for immunosuppression therapy.9 Thus, attempts have been made to enhance chimerism by the intravenous infusion of donor bone marrow (BM) cells on the same day as transplantation, which have shown significant augmentation of chimerism and graft survival.10 However, other observations have implied that chimerism is not necessarily associated with allograft tolerance.11
During embryonic development, hematopoiesis occurs in the fetal liver before transition to the BM in adult life.12 Research has also indicated that the adult liver remains a compatible environment for hematopoiesis. However, it remains uncertain whether hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are present in the adult liver. Even if HSCs are present in the adult liver, the origin of these cells is still unknown, because they could be mobilized from the BM. There have been reports of the isolation of HSCs from mouse adult livers,13, 14 but the cell-surface markers used for purification are not consistent and are even contradictory. One study identified a c-kit+ Sca-1+ Lin lo/− population, representing HSCs in mouse adult livers,13 whereas another study found that the purified CD45+ side population is more phenotypically similar to HSCs from adult mouse BM, but this population is c-kit negative.14 Thus, the markers used to isolate putative HSCs from mouse adult liver are not consistent. Moreover, to date, there has been no report on the identification of HSCs in human adult livers.
In the present study, we investigated the incidence of blood cell chimerism of donor origin in 249 LT survival patients; the shortest time after LT was 1 day, and the longest time after LT was 8 years. We also analyzed the putative hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in adult human livers. The overall incidence of blood chimerism was 6.43%. The incidence was 11.11% among patients tested shortly after LT (1 day to <6 months), whereas the incidence was 3.77% in long-term LT survival patients (6 months to 8 years). In human adult livers, we detected a Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90+ population representing 0.03% ± 0.017% of the total single liver cells and 0.05% ± 0.012% of CD45+ liver cells. Both Lin−CD34+ and Lin−CD45+ liver cells were capable of forming myeloid-lineage and erythroid-lineage methylcellulose colonies; more importantly, Lin−CD45+ or CD45+ liver cells could be engrafted into hematopoietic cells in immunodeficient mice. Thus, we provide the first evidence of a putative HSPC population in the adult human liver, with the liver acting as a good ectopic niche.


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Give Now
We look at the standards of Stephen Sondheim and Leonard Bernstein, like "New York, New York," "Lonely Town," "I Feel Pretty," and "Send In The Clowns."
We explore tribute albums to Nat King Cole, recorded by Oscar Peterson, Diana Krall, Marvin Gaye, and others.
On this show, we look at the sophisticated songwriting talent of Burt Bacharach, and salute his fellow songwriters and singers from New York's Brill Building.
We explore the 40 year partnership between songwriter Jimmy Van Heusen and singer Frank Sinatra.
EmArcy Records released a series of jazz albums in the mid 1950s all bearing the title "In The Land of Hi-Fi"
A follow-up to The Great French Songbook, Part 1, looking at more music "dans la mode française."
We look at two jazz and R&B masters who laid down the foundation for rock and roll: Louis Jordan and Sister Rosetta Tharpe.
We turn the spotlight on singer Kurt Elling, and his interpretations of the music of John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman
Afterglow's annual salute to fairer weather, with spring songs sung by June Christy, Blossom Dearie, and Mark Murphy.
French songs, French singers, and songs about Paris in this edition of Afterglow.
Singer and television personality Dinah Shore would have turned 100 on February 29, 2016.


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This society is for lovers of Reggae in all its forms. We run regular nights of our own and keep our members up to date with Bristol's thriving Reggae scene. Our members are also entitled to discounts on Reggae events throughout the year.
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Rooth Lab LS4
"This is my second CIEM after purchasing Rooth's LS2. I own the Shure 535s as well. My sources as are iPhone 5C and Sony NW-F880, no amps. The LS4 has two bass drivers, so obviously this isn't for people who like monitor like sound. The bass is not overbearing, yet enhanced. There is a nice deep rumble, but not to the point where mids and highs are drowned out. The LS4 manages to..." --Yamato1
Astro A50 Wireless Headset
"I've owned this headset for about 1 year now I purchased it through this twitter account I follow called IGN deals. Got it for $200. I play regularly everyday for 4+ hours. And I see why there are no reviews for this headset considering it is one of the best and thats just what it's known for. It has a switch that gives you 3 different eq settings. The wireless receiver gives you the option for..." --MillzBaby
Rooth Lab LS-X5
"Preamble Singaporean. I'm an 18 year old with great love in my music. My father has an extensive collection of home stereo equipment and have exposed me to good music since young. I have realized that I have a skill to recognize sound signatures and am able to express my ideas coherently. My favourite genres are Rap, R&B, Pop and some Rock, along the lines of Avenged Sevenfold and..." --Raddiqal11
ASTRO Gaming A30 Wireless System (Black)
" The sound quality is a lot better than they make it seem, the marketing shows it being used with PSPs and phones, but they are capable of handling more than angry birds. I use these for PC gaming and music. The sound on these almost compare to my Sony MDR EX700LPs, but with a better soundstage and less bass extension. I actually prefer these to the A40s, they..." --jimmy895
Astro A40 Audio System - White
"Ok first I need to say that I'm not an audiophile, and I use this site mostly for help than giving advise whit that told I will continue I've owned this headset for more than a year and they are really good, if you're looking for a headset that can be used with the xbox, xbox one , ps3, ps4, and not only in your pc and ipod, mp3 player and so but it have an average sound ,..." --MaxiMarciano
A40 TR Headset + MixAmp Pro TR for PS4
Redefining pro, the new ASTRO A40 TR headset and Mix Amp features user customization to adapt to any environment. Ready for home use, LAN play or the loudest pro tournament, you can transform the A40 TR from an open-back to a closed-back noise cancelling headset by swapping components like speaker tags, microphone and ear cushions (sold separately in ASTRO Mod Kits). For serious live streamers,...
Astro Gaming A*Star In-Ear Headset
Cut through the noise. The bold design of the ASTRO A*STAR™ In-Ear Headset is the ultimate in hack-n-slash combat; featuring an in-line medallion with mic, volume dial and answer/hang up button, flat tangle-resistant cables, a PC splitter, three sizes of ear gels and a handy carrycase. Inspired by the light-weight materials and aggressive forms of high performance headgear, the A*STAR...
Rooth Lab LS 8
Features - Amazing detail and clarity - Extremely smooth and liquid across the frequency spectrum - Powerful bass with great tactile performance
ASTRO A40 2011 Edition Audio System - MLG
Everything you need to game like a pro. Special MLG Edition. The ASTRO A40 2011 Edition Audio System lets you game like a pro more than ever before. As the official licensed headset of Major League Gaming (MLG), the world's largest professional video game league and largest provider of cross platform online videogame competition, for the past three seasons, the ASTRO team listened to...


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- Brand Name: WCS Toy
- Item Package Quantity: 1
Air Ranger Remote Control Inflatable Floating Swimmer Shark & Clown Fish (2 Pcs)
We don't know when or if this item will be back in stock.
- Enter your model number to make sure this fits.
- Fill the 5 ft. long Mylar fish with helium
- Swims through the air with lifelike fish movements.
- Refillable. Stays afloat for up to 2 weeks on one helium refill.
- Recommended for indoor use only, uses 4 AAA batteries, not included
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Top Customer Reviews
There is an extreme bit of figuring on how in the heck to put these things together. If they weren't so freakin cool, I would dock a star for that alone. They come in a flat box. You will need to get it SUPER SUPER SUPER filled up tight.
Be extra sure to have a strong ribbon and a real knot tied to the thing before leaving the store. We used Kroger and it was $.99. We asked how much was a refill before showing them the size of the thing. IT IS BIG!
Pay close attention to the instructions. They mostly suck, but in the back is a picture of all of the stickers and where they go. Essentially, you use 2 sided vinyl stickers (we supplemented with package tape) to secure pectoral and dorsal fins and the motorized ballast and track, and the hooks for the motor mount. After sticking everything on it, you do a little experimentation to determine how much ballast (putty) you will insert into the motorized-ballast on the fish.
Once you achieve neutral buoyancy (easier for SCUBA divers like us) you are ready to fly.
The onboard motor is charged via the remote. A hidden compartment reveals a short charging cable on the remote. Takes less the 15minutes to fully charge the thing - and it will swim maybe 45 minutes.
You can control the tail and the pitch. You can swim up or down or straight ahead, or circle the chandelier dangling in your
Unfortunately, one of the controllers was somehow damaged on the first order. No worries - thanks to amazon's world class service the problem was immediately resolved. Soon the them to jaws was spelling doom for Nemo in our house.
Overall, awesome product. Assembly should be left to engineers, but if you screw it up - have a roll of packaging tape handy.
Find something else to give the kids, you will be in far too bad of a mood to enjoy this with them when you do finally get it working.
The box was mislabeled for one of the items (shark box labeled clown fish), but upon opening, the correct item (shark) was in the box.
2 of 4 clips for connecting the clown fish tail fin to motor were missing, but this was a very minor fix with scotch tape.
Also, specific fins (side and top) had minor positioning mislabeling, but placement of specific fins should be obvious and x's are in proper places.
Overall, we are happy. This was a good purchase.
Most Recent Customer Reviews
the double stick tape doesn't stay on the shark to navigate it. This is just a balloon since their is not real way to adhere the navigation part. Very disappointing!!Published on January 5, 2014 by Tiffany
Cool idea if you live near sea level. Here in the thin air above 5000 feet, it does not float. (The shark did not float, not going to try the clown fish) Maybe if we had filled... Read morePublished on December 26, 2013 by Gaylord M. Fokker
My grandson loved his fish. Both his sisters and his parents have fun with them...a real winner. I would recommend.Published on August 3, 2013 by Jane M. Binder
Was just as expect it. It takes a little while to get it all put together but while worth your kids smile.Published on July 14, 2013 by Joshua M Wheatley
These are great for the boys! My nephews love them. Also they're great for when its not so great to be outside.Published on May 11, 2013 by PerlaLove
Super fun fishes!
We got them for our office, and these fishes were a hit. Productivity was at null! :)
Adults love them as much as kids. Read more
After getting the shark put together and finally figuring out to sync the remote to the shark it was cool watching it float through the air. Read morePublished on December 27, 2012 by Tonja


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Events move fast in the internet age. The Rachel Dolezal "Black Like Me" story had people of every stripe, color, and political persuasion commenting, tweeting, and taking sides.
Father Francis,
I am writing to you as a concerned citizen of the state of Maine. As you may be aware there has been an ongoing discussion and series of events regarding the Skowhegan High School's use of the mascot "Indians" for their sports teams.
On most days, I love the products that Hobby Lobby sells and have chosen to overlook many of the reasons the company has received negative press in recent years.
This is a call to athletes to step up and tell sports owners what your personal beliefs are, and refuse to continue to support a racist name. You know who you are and you need to take this very seriously.
I should get paid for how much grief Dan Snyder has caused me. Natives are on everything from butter to sports memorabilia, from Jeep Cherokees to motorcycles, and from tobacco to jerky. We are everywhere and not seeing enough of the jerky.
To delve into the waters of tribal recognition is to wade in the muddiest of pools rife with greed, racism and political agendas.
At the moment there has been a flurry of news reports about an unfortunate gesture by a U.S. Senate candidate in California who caricatured an Indian war cry. Apologies are already being made and the dust will soon settle.
The recent walk out of Native American actors from the set of Adam Sandler's forthcoming movie The Ridiculous Six has sparked a much-needed conversation on the long-standing racist stereotypes of Native people.
Another blip on the otherwise bland radar of white middle class Eurocentric sensationalist information, that is really pabulum for the masses, and passes for news was recently seen.
Young Native people, it's unfortunate how much you deal with on a day-to-day basis: navigating the world, developing your own beliefs, having to listen to your parents.
On a dark country road in Indian Country, the lessons of childhood come back quickly when the police pull you over. As a nation debates police violence, we should know that Native people are the ethnicity most likely to be killed by law enforcement.
I am a woman of mixed races. I grew up being called a squaw, half-breed, white, redskin and other names—none meant in a good way. I grew up wondering exactly where I fit in. Then I went to an all-Indian technical school.
On February 14, 2014 President Obama began the White House initiative to bring peace to the justice practices of American communities which he named "My Brother's Keeper." Today, this initiative continues to address the disparate treatment of African-Americans in


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Donald Trump Says Judge Is Disqualified Because of His 'Mexican Heritage'
Donald Trump continued his streak of racist comments on June 2, this time taking aim at a federal judge.
Donald Trump continued his streak of racist comments on June 2, this time taking aim at a federal judge.
When I stepped back and really thought about what I was experiencing on election night, I started thinking about the night of April 4, 1968, just hours after Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated. Having not yet been born, I thought about the coverage of it that I've seen. About how Robert Kennedy found himself in front of a crowd of supporters for a presidential campaign rally in Indianapolis. Many there that night were black and hadn't heard the news of King's death. As he did with most difficult topics, Kennedy laid it all out there. The crowd gasped and screamed and cried. Kennedy said he understood the anger and hate each of the men and women there that night would probably feel. After all, a white man had also killed his brother.
"What we need in the United States is not division," Kennedy told the crowd. "What we need in the United States is not hatred. What we need in the United States is not violence and lawlessness, but is love and wisdom and compassion toward one another. A feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country."
February was Black History Month. I ended it by pressing for immigration reform in the birthplace of the Civil Rights Movement.
When I landed in Birmingham, Alabama two weeks ago, it struck me that I was on my way to Samford University — the flagship University of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC). It struck me that the Southern Baptist Convention is the largest evangelical denomination in the country and among the most conservative. It struck me that Alabama used to boast that it had the harshest Jim Crow laws and law enforcement during the Civil Rights era. Now it boasts the harshest anti-immigrant law in the nation.
Passed into law on June 9, 2011, HB56 criminalizes Alabamans' daily associations with immigrants who cannot prove their legal status. Giving an undocumented immigrant a ride can result in criminal arrest. The legislation also prohibits all businesses (including schools, the water company, and the telephone company among others) from conducting business transactions on any level with anyone who cannot prove their legal status. Tens of thousands of Latino families fled Alabama within weeks of the law's passage. Businesses closed, schools lost huge percentages of their students, and vegetables were left to rot in the fields.
I was in Birmingham to speak at the G92 South Conference, a one-day conference for students and pastors hosted on Samford's sprawling campus. G92 is a reference to the 92 times the Hebrew word Ger is used in the Bible. Ger means stranger or sojourner. The conference began last autumn at Cedarville University in Ohio. It is now being replicated on Christian college campuses across the country. Samford University was the second campus to agree to host the conference.
More U.S. Kids Living In High-Poverty Areas: Study; Debunking Poverty Myths And Racial Stereotypes; How Does A Conservative Evangelical Become A Corporate Tool Supporting A System That Coerces Apple's Suppliers' Workers To Have Abortions? (OPINION); Gingrich Joins With Arizona Faith Leaders To Court Latinos; Why Are Young People Leaving Evangelical Christianity?
Young, Hip Jews Leading a Makeover; EPA Finds Fracking Contaminated Drinking Water in Wyoming; Dick Durbin May Block Religious Freedom Commission's Renewal Until Feds Buy His Favorite Prison; Against "Taking Things Back:" Rethinking the OWS Slogan; Rick Perry Anti-Gay Ad Puts Spotlight on GOP Consulting Class; Black, atheist and living in the South Benjamin; The New Evangelicals; Why Rick Perry's New Ads Are Wrong On Religion–And Obama; Latinos Don't Vote On Faith Or Religion But On Economic Issues; Faith And Family Values At Issue In Republican Contest; Children Of Immigrants Ask For Halt To Deportation That Splits Families; Sesame Street Muppet Pitches Government Dependence: Free Food At School; Economic Experts Gather In DC To Explain Why Politics Has Doomed Us.
In his "I Have a Dream" speech, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.


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Get the Albion newsletter
12:00 29th November 2012
Baggies have right to recall midfielder at anytime
SCOTT Allan's loan spell at Portsmouth has been extended for a further month until December 25.
The Baggies have the right to recall the Scotland Under-21 international at anytime.
Allan has made four appearances for Pompey this season, scoring in the home defeat by Leyton Orient earlier this month.
Wales through to the last eight
25 Jun 2016
Baggies defender prepares to 'Pass It Forward' in New Delhi
20 May 2016
19 May 2016
Albion pay Hillsborough tribute prior to draw with Liverpool
16 May 2016
Grand Central travel hub caught in the glare of first glimpse of kit
10 May 2016
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IKEA: Poang
The IKEA assembly service.
Advertising Agency: Grabarz & Partner, Hamburg, Germany
Executive Creative Director: Ralf Heuel
Creative Directors: Ralf Heuel, Dirk Siebenhaar
Art Director: Jan Woelfel
Account Executive: Julia Wilhelm
Copywriter: Jennifer Bohn
Illustrator / Graphic Artist: Annette Witzig
12 comments
exactly my idea from 2005... thanks...
I personally prefer their campaign though. It has the idea of you actually doing different things for step one then step two, and not just the same thing for all the steps. Just my 2 cents worth.
Sorry man, i know how you feel. This kind of things happens (is not the first time) when old people judge your work. I´m not talking just about age...


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Epiphone Limited Edition Jack Casady Electric Bass Guitar
Alpine White
- Write a Review
For nearly 50 years, Jack Casady has been one of rock's legendary bassists. He's also a member of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and one of Epiphone'...Read More
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1960s rounded body with gorgeous limited-edition Alpine White finish and featuring low impedance pickup with VariGain control.
For nearly 50 years, Jack Casady has been one of rock's legendary bassists. He's also a member of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and one of Epiphone's most esteemed artists. The Jack Casady Signature Bass is recognized as one of the premier electric basses on the market and now the best-selling hollowbody-bass is in a limited-edition show-stopping Alpine White finish. This new finish has exquisite detail including 6-layer white/blackbody binding with black plastic parts and it's equipped with Jack's own premier JCB-1 low impedance pickup with VariGain control for pure tone on stage and in the studio. Featuring premium nickel hardware, 17:1 Cloverleaf machine heads and a classic 3-point adjustable bridge.
- Neck Material: Mahogany
- Neck Joint: Glued-In; Set Neck
- Body Material: Laminated Maple Top, Back and Sides
- Neck Shape: 1960s Rounded Bass Profile
- Truss Rod: Adjustable
- Truss Rod Cover: 2-Ply Black/White with"E" Silkscreened in White
- Scale Length: 34"
- Fingerboard Material: Rosewood with Pearloid "Trapezoid" Inlays
- Middle Pickup: Low-Impedance JCB-1 Humbucker
- Controls: Master Volume, Master Tone, 3-Position VariGain Switch; 50, 250, 500 ohms
- Binding: Body Top - White/Black 6-Layer, Body Back - White
- Pickguard: 1-Ply Black
- Fingerboard Radius: 12"
- Headstock: Sloped Dovewing with Vintage "Epiphone" Logo in Pearloid
- Headstock Logo: "Jack Casady" Signature in Gold Silkprint
- Frets: 20; Medium-Jumbo
- Bridge: Original 3-Point Adjustable
- Nut Width: 1.65"
- Nut Material: Imitation Bone; White
- Hardware: Nickel
- Machine Heads: Die-Cast "Clover" Bass Tuners; 17:1 Ratio
- Knobs: Black Speed Knobs
- Warranty: Epiphone Limited Lifetime
Don't miss out on this special guitar inspired by one of the most revered bassists in rock history.
Reviewed by 2 customers
- Fun To Play
- Good Feel
- Good Tone
Best Uses
- Jamming
- Practicing
- Rock Concerts
- Small Venues
Comments about Epiphone Limited Edition Jack Casady Electric Bass Guitar:
This bass is absolutely gorgeous looking in my opinion, and it plays just as good as it looks. The tone control on this instrument is insane, it really gives you a lot of control of the sound, and even though there is only one pickup, it covers a huge range of tones. The best feature is probably the gain out put knob which can give you a clean hollow body, almost acoustic sound (set at 50) to just sounding really angry and aggressive (set at 500). Unfortunately that same knob was not tightened all the way when I got the bass, but it is a pretty easy fix. This is a great bass though, with a great sound, and if you love playing around with tones like I do, this one definitely has a lot of cool sounds.
- Fun To Play
- Good Feel
- Good Pick Up
- Good Tone
- Solid Electronics
Best Uses
Comments about Epiphone Limited Edition Jack Casady Electric Bass Guitar:
Been playing 40 years with many basses. Basses I currently have are Hofner, Gibson SG, Dean, and a home made bass. I picked this Jack Casady Alpine White up, played it and it is just a tremendous fun bass to play in playability, sound, and comfort. You can get many sound variations from it. Has a very low profile neck, smoothest neck I have ever played. I put Black Beauties DR wound strings on and it took off the perfect amount of high treble tone and sounds great, also, black strings against the Alpine White looks great. I play mine through a 100 watt Acoustic Bass amp. The sound and tone just sings.


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Good for you well!! Ahhhh... yet another glorious day... no facial over here but about $15k profit for an easy day at the NFLX butcher shop! Of course, that's not counting my long-term PUTs which are looking oh so nice!! Congrats!
back atcha! Again tomorrow, I think! Thanks for taking over while I was gone. ;>! You do good work!
Thanks! You kno... someone gotta keep things "honest" over here :)


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Paris Hilton and Khloe Kardashian condemned by UN body for ape selfies
The body argues that taking Instagram photos with dressed-up orangutans and chimpanzees greatly harms conservation work
The body argues that taking Instagram photos with dressed-up orangutans and chimpanzees greatly harms conservation work
Hands up if it was you Hilton, and your new-found interest in soccer? Or you Mr Kissinger, in another diplomatic triumph? Or perhaps, Queen Sofia of Spain, it was you who was the cause of the most improbable traffic jam at this or any World Cup?
After the ball is over
Sheffield Doc/Fest opens next week, in association with 'The Independent', and will feature the story of the film voted the biggest turkey in history. Alice Jones tracks down its stars and picks ten new documentary films to watch at the festival
Paris Hilton and Orlando Bloom among victims of 'celebrity-obsessed' gang
Peaches Geldof showed off her curves by modelling a lingerie range today.
Paris is cavorting on the Croisette, Ronnie's getting carried away in a cab... Enough with all this public affection, says Harriet Walker
As Cannes prepares to announce its winners, Jonathan Romney looks at the highs and lows
Oscar winner Penelope Cruz made it to the Hollywood Domino party at the Cannes Film Festival on Monday night, despite a bout of food poisoning earlier in the day.
'Naughty Red' lipstick, £8, by Pop, www.asos.com
What could possibly be more innocent than this outfit? Knox, the Seattle-born woman suspected of murdering British student Meredith Kercher, is only 21 and has dressed for her court appearance in Perugia, Italy, like the student that she is. She wears a waist-length, white cotton smock top, which has red and blue flowers printed along the neckline, over a pair of blue denim jeans. Her hair is tied up in the schoolgirl-ish style, with the top half tied back off her bare face and secured with a purple plastic butterfly clip, and the rest loose. Her entire outfit makes her look completely out of place in the Italian courtroom or flanked by policemen.
Hold the presses: feather-brained celebrity may not be so feather-brained after all. The socialite Paris Hilton has now mocked John McCain with a retaliatory "campaign ad" – and it could just be funnier than its inspiration, the Republican presidential candidate's spot likening his rival Barack Obama to herself and her fellow denizen of the gossip columns Britney Spears.
Paris Hilton, the blonde, doe-eyed celebrity thrust into the presidential campaign in an ad by Republican candidate John McCain, issued a tart rebuttal yesterday, albeit in a scantily clad, tongue-in-cheek kind of way.
The Joy of Sex brought hairy, naked people into homes around the country. Catherine Townsend muses on its unselfconscious attitude and celebration of pubic hair
Illustrator and so-called 'socialite' Daisy de Villeneuve explains why she has crammed her London flat with so much colourful memorabilia


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Regular fit
The model (height 5'8" and chest 33") is wearing a size M
109Fstands out from the rest because of the range of colours, patterns and different styles it brings to the fashion conscious dresser. From tops to dresses to tunics, all their creations are stylish with excellent use of feminine touches. We at myntra love updating our wardrobes with 109F clothing!
Yellow tunic, has a round neckline, ruffles around the neckline, half buttoned placket, ruffles on either side of the top of the half buttoned placket, cap sleeves , smocking above the hemline and inner lining
Hand wash cold
Do not iron on decorations


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Save Big On Open-Box & Used Products: Buy "Smart Solar Aquatic Range Floating Lily Solar Foun..." from Amazon Open-Box & Used and save 38% off the $49.95 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all offers from Amazon Open-Box & Used.
Other Sellers on Amazon
+ Free Shipping
+ $6.20 shipping
Smart Solar Aquatic Range Floating Lily Solar Fountain 24402R01
|List Price:
|$38.58 & FREE Shipping on orders over $49. Details
|You Save:
|$11.37 (23%)
- Enter your model number to make sure this fits.
- Powered by an solar panel that operates an integral low voltage pump with filter
- 3 different fountain heads for varying spray patterns
- No wiring, simply install and enjoy
- No operating costs
- Water flow capacity: 30 gallons per hour
Frequently Bought Together
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Technical Details
|Material Type
|Package Height
|2.7 x 11.1 x 11.3 inches
|UNSPSC Code
Product Description
Customer Reviews
Top Customer Reviews
Instructions were very straightforward - hook the two pieces together, select a spout, and fill a little anchor bag with rocks so the lily pad does not float to an unlit section of the water.
For the price, I'm pleased. Of course I wish it provided a bigger spray of water, but it's solar... of the five I have tried, this one is the best.
|Length: 0:34 Mins
If you like the chimes in the background, they are from Woodstock Chimes (the melody is called: "Wedding Chimes"). I purchased them from Amazon, here: http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=Woodstock%20Wedding%2034%20Inch%20Wind%20Chime (Wouldn't it be nice if you got a kick-back?) ; )
|Length: 0:59 Mins
Original Review: I have this in a plastic flower pot that measures 21" on the inside diameter. At the beginning of my video, a thin cloud was passing overhead partially blocking the sun so the spray wasn't as high. At the video's end, there is blue sky and the spray is 10" to 12" high. In the past I had a larger patio fountain with an electric water pump, but it was overkill for a small space, and on top of the water noise, I could hear the electric motor that worked the pump. On top of that, the fountain was made of resin and lasted only 3 summers before it cracked from the sun.....So this solar fountain is perfect. The only way it could be MORE perfect is if it worked on a cloudy day (which I knew it wouldn't when I ordered it!) Even a smaller cloud blocking the sun on an otherwise sunny day will cause it to stop for a few moments. This is very relaxing to listen to the trickling water, and it's also easy to keep clean.
Based upon every place I found this sold that had reviews such as Sam's Wholesale, 2 pond stores, Overstock, and Amazon, everyone is having the same issues as me so this goes back in the box. First of all, the fountain spray is nothing close to the picture. It's a small trickle when it is working. Although my pond is in full Texas sun, it goes on and off and when it's off it looks like something fell in the pond, not a lilly pad or a fountain. I am guessing either the solar panel isn't strong enough or that the water falling on top of it creates the effect of a solar panel on a rainy day...not all that strong or not working at all. Honestly, I don't know why it has such issues.
The good news is that it is nice to have in your pond if you don't have established plants yet since frogs find your pond and it allows them a cool place to hang out.
The bad news is that this, on the product page, says it will clear up dirty water. Nope...the aeration is nice for fish, but you'll need a filter attached to your pump to clean up dirty water.
Bottom line: I'd love to find a solar fountain that works well as I only want a fountain during the day and one that doesn't need to be plugged in is perfect...but this rarely works and doesn't offer even the small spray seen in the ad photo...so this would not be the one. It goes back.
Customer Images
Most Recent Customer Reviews
Cute and works great (as long as the sun is shining). I placed mine in a large plastic bowl-type planter (with plug left in) so the water depth for the pump is about 6-8 inches. Read morePublished 10 days ago by Sandy Lawrence
Did not come with the attachable fountain head, does not work, did not come with any instructionsPublished 2 months ago by Vivian Petree
The lily pad started to peel within a day. It works when the sun is shining. I would give it more stars but the color peeling off the pad makes it look horrible.Published 2 months ago by Dawn R. Schultz
I originally reviewed this item and said the pump was not part of the product, but discovered after putting it in the garden pool that the pump is under the middle part of the pad. Read morePublished 3 months ago by Amazon Customer
It is very small and barely produces a fountain of water; if used outdoors, be careful as the water can evaporate if placed in a small container and the motor will burn out; I... Read morePublished 4 months ago by Amazon Customer


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"The power of bernanke,
ben single hand turned the confirmed global down trend (mid 2012) back up and handed obama 2nd term with OT2, QE3, OT3, QE4 since June 2012.
Who still dare to fight the Fed now? "
Sentiment: Strong Sell
under FED policy, poor becomes poorer. rich becomes richer. not mentioning his policy decimate more middle-class into poor-class. also screw retirees... Ben you hate people that much???
couple that with entitlement programs old and new
there are not enough wealthy taxed to pay for even social security and the poor cant pay
the middle class,,,, ahahahaha,, voted for more punishment
I have no sympathy for my fellow man who votes themselves pain
ben is just another in a long line of self absorbed #$%$
dont fight the fed!!!!!!
How does "don't fight the FED" translate into a "strong sell?"


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Sometimes you wonder what television would do without received opinions, so fond is it of the idea that it can heroically overturn them.
There were two instances last night – a revisionary history of Abraham Lincoln, which set out to revise a history nobody above the third grade would take seriously anyway, and a more personal exercise in illusion-shattering in Toughest Place to Be a Midwife, in which a guileless young woman called Suzanne travelled all the way to Liberia in the hope that one of the poorest countries on Earth would have some grounded wisdom to impart about more natural forms of childbirth. In the first case, the makers of the programme were self-consciously setting themselves up as the bearers of a hard truth. In the second, it naturally emerged from the collision between Suzanne's idealism and the appallingly basic maternity care available in Monrovia. But in both cases, the friction between what we'd like to think and what is actually true generated all the energy.
I shouldn't grumble too much about Abraham Lincoln: Saint or Sinner. I missed it on its first transmission and was glad to see that it got a swift repeat. The only problem was that its decision to tackle the hagiographic understanding of him as the Great Emancipator suffered a little from lack of argumentative stability. Like a tricycle with one wheel missing, the producers had to lean wildly to one side to keep the thing upright at all, since Lincoln's admirers in the programme (though realistic about his flaws) greatly outnumbered his detractors. What's more the detractors – with the exception of an elderly black man whose animus against Lincoln remained a little opaque – were conspicuously flakey, consisting mostly of a steamingly embittered group of Confederate Civil War enthusiasts, one of whom attempted to persuade us that Lincoln was America's equivalent of Milosevic or Stalin.
I suppose it may have come as news to some viewers that Lincoln wasn't perfect. It would certainly have surprised the primary school children whose lisping accounts of Lincoln's virtues were used to underwrite the suggestion that he was a plaster god. But anyone who's read even a popular biography of him would have been aware of the evolution of Lincoln's thought, from the time when he believed that the preservation of the Union was a far higher priority than the abolition of slavery, to the moment when he realised that only abolition could preserve the union. And, yes, Lincoln was "responsible" for the harshness of Union tactics against the South, because he was the commander in chief, though a more nuanced account of history might allow for the fact that even the greatest men share the responsibility for their actions with the cultures in which they live. Scratch from Lincoln's life the oratory, the wit, the intellect and the remarkable political ability to turn opponents into disciples and you would still be left with the spectacle of a politician prepared to change his mind, and who changed it with extraordinary consistency in the right direction. Saint or sinner? Neither, of course, but unquestionably closer to the former than the latter.
I would have thought that the toughest place to be a midwife right now was Benghazi or Tripoli. But for the purposes of BBC2's exercise in educational tourism it was a country where the violent chaos is in the recent past – Liberia. Per capita income is about a dollar a day and the capital city, Monrovia, has little running water and erratic electricity. These conditions are not famously compatible with excellent health care but Suzanne – an NHS midwife – harboured the hope that she might discover new things about traditional forms of childbirth. She got a shock when she turned up at Monrovia's Redemption Hospital, where patient-centred care is a luxury they can't afford. Indeed, they're so short of space that a mother recovering from a stillbirth may find herself feet away from one patient successfully delivering a child and another one undergoing an abortion.
Everywhere Suzanne turned she saw evidence that, far from being more authentically connected to the processes of birth, the local midwives were still employing methods that would be regarded here as insensitive at best, dangerous at worst. This wasn't a criticism of the midwives she encountered – dedicated women who worked for a pittance – but just the reality of a country that in totality could only boast around 100 doctors. And if Suzanne suspected that Liberia's metropolitan centre might have lost touch with an ancient tribal wisdom, which still survived in the rural areas, she found out different when she went out on an education visit to the traditional midwives in the villages. To prevent bleeding, they eagerly told her, you just have to get the patient to bite on a bit of coal, and if you want to delay childbirth for a while tie a rock on a string round the expectant mother's waist. Suzanne nodded politely, though she couldn't contain her feelings as easily when a young girl arrived at the hospital, dangerously ill after employing another of Liberia's "natural" remedies – a herbal abortifacient that eventually killed her.
Suzanne returned rightly impressed by the courage and the kindness of the women she'd worked with, but although they'd given her a model for matriarchal resilience and determination, the traffic of helpful information about childbirth was almost entirely one way.
- More about:
- Abraham Lincoln
- Benghazi
- Healthcare
- Liberia


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Geir Magnusson Jr <g...@pobox.com>
|Re: [jira] Created: (HARMONY-638) [classlib] Tests hang on in luni : tests.api.java.io.FileTest / test_setReadOnly on Ubunti 6.06
|Wed, 21 Jun 2006 21:18:09 GMT
Oliver Deakin wrote: > Geir Magnusson Jr wrote: >> >> However, in our case, when I say "exec never returns" I mean "exec()" >> never returns. >> >> so you'd never actually get to "do IO" above, because you are hanging in >> exec(). >> >> Big difference, right? >> > > Certainly So I assume you agree? (Just want to make sure that I'm not missing something terribly important here...) - do you have a stack trace that gives more info for what each > of the threads are > doing? Could you attach it to the JIRA if you do please - Ive just tried > running a cut down > version of the test on my SLES9 machine and it exited fine, so it would > be useful to have > a trace from your machine to see what's happening. > Done geir --------------------------------------------------------------------- Terms of use : http://incubator.apache.org/harmony/mailing.html To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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JR Tōzai Line
|This article does not cite any sources. (June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|JR Tōzai Line
207 series EMU
|Native name
|commuter rail
|Urban Network
Amagasaki, Hyogo
|March 8, 1997
|Kansai Rapid Railway Co., Ltd.
|JR West
|Rolling stock
|207 series EMU
321 series EMU
|Line length
|12.5 km (7.8 mi)
|Number of tracks
|Track gauge
|1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
|1,500 V DC, overhead lines
|Operating speed
|90 km/h (56 mph)
The JR Tōzai Line (JR東西線 Jei-āru Tōzai-sen?) is one of several commuter rail lines and services in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The line, whose name literally means "east-west", runs underground through central Osaka and connects the Gakkentoshi Line at Kyobashi Station in Osaka and the JR Takarazuka Line and the JR Kobe Line at Amagasaki. All stations on this line are in the city of Osaka, except for the western terminus in Amagasaki, Hyōgo Prefecture.
Basic data[edit]
|This section does not cite any sources. (May 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
- Operators, distances: 12.5 km / 7.8 mi.
- West Japan Railway Company (Category-2, Services)
- Kansai Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. (Category-3, Tracks)
- Railway signalling:Automatic
- CTC centers:Ōsaka Operation Control Center
- CTC system:Safety Urban Network Traffic System (SUNTRAS)
All trains make local stop at every station on the line. Some trains terminate at Amagasaki, but most westbound trains continue on the Kobe Line to Nishi-Akashi and on the Takarazuka Line to Tsukaguchi and Takarazuka. All eastbound trains continue past Kyobashi on the Gakkentoshi Line.
The line was initially proposed in 1971 by Japanese National Railways (JNR) as a link between the Katamachi Line, which connected Osaka to its eastern suburbs, and Fukuchiyama Line, which connected the city to its northwestern suburbs. Osaka's municipal government had maintained tight controls over transportation within the city, and most intercity lines terminated outside the city center. The line, provisionally known as Katafuku Line (片福線?, Kata- from Katamachi, -fuku from Fukuchiyama), and would give commuters a single-seat ride from the suburbs and an east-west connection through central Osaka.
A permit to lay the track was given 10 years later, but the project stopped because of JNR's financial problems.
In 1988, after JNR privatized and split into Japan Railway companies, West Japan Railway Company formed a private-public entity called Kansai Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. (関西高速鉄道株式会社 Kansai kōsoku tetsudō kabushiki gaisha?) with the prefectural governments of Osaka and Hyōgo, and the cities of Osaka and Amagasaki.
The line was completed and opened as JR Tozai Line in 1997.
Rolling stock[edit]
- 207 series (from 1991)
- 321 series (from 2005)
- 223-6000 series (from March 2008, until March 2011)


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Sunday, February 13, 2011
Sony Ericsson Logo Design Review
3 comments:
I totally agree with you--wonder if you give a little bit of credit if the shape is "trying" to look like a letter "e" for Ericsson? To me, that's the only redeeming thing that would keep this from being generic. If only it was a little less obscure...or maybe it's just a coincidence--it sure doesn't appear to be intentional...ReplyDelete
Maralee, I see what you're saying with the potential that there could be an "e" in there for possibly pulling this out of the totally generic bucket, but it does fall on the obscure side like you mentioned. Thanks for the thought.ReplyDelete
Tiny Tanks is a popular game that all of you would like. In which you can play Tiny Planes, Run 3 Unblocked Run 4 Unblocked Hacked unblocked Games. Or you can go to play Tiny Planes Tiny Planes BetaReplyDelete
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Donkey Kong Unblocked.


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The ENCHANT program in breast cancer
Some of the strongest evidence for the role of Hsp90 in fueling cancer growth is from breast cancer: reduced expression of tumor Hsp90 is associated with significantly longer patient survival [1].
Based on the supportive scientific findings, evidence of single-agent clinical activity for ganetespib in triple-negative breast cancer, the widespread use of taxanes in this disease, and the positive results for ganetespib in combination with docetaxel in lung cancer, Synta has developed two registration programs focusing on triple-negative breast cancer. The first is in the metastatic setting, and the second is in the neo-adjuvant setting. Synta expects those programs to initiate in 2014, pending completion of certain ongoing partnership discussions.
Recently announced clinical results from the ENCHANT-1 trial have confirmed prior signals of single-agent clinical activity. Synta expects results from ENCHANT-1 will be presented at a medical conference later this year.


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In JavaScript I want to do the following:
var pi = {};
pi[0]['*']['*'] = 1;
of course this throws a "Cannot read property '*' of undefined" error. Clearly I can define p[0] = {}, but that's kind of a pain as I will be sticking lots of different values in the different attributes, e.g.
pi[2]['O']['I-GENE'] = 1;
etc. The first key into the hash is just an integer, so I guess I could use an array at the top level instead of a hash, and then default initialize like in this post:
but that doesn't handle my need for default initialization of the other hashes.
It does seem like what I am trying to do is running up against the ECMAScript spec which indicates that undefined attributes of an object (which is a hash in JavaScript) should return undefined, as mentioned here:
Set default value of javascript object attributes
which interestingly includes a dangerous work around.
In other places where I'm trying use nested hashes like this I am finding myself writing long bits of ugly code like this:
function incrementThreeGramCount(three_grams,category_minus_two,category_minus_one,category){
if(three_grams[category_minus_two] === undefined){
three_grams[category_minus_two] = {};
if(three_grams[category_minus_two][category_minus_one] === undefined){
three_grams[category_minus_two][category_minus_one] = {};
if(three_grams[category_minus_two][category_minus_one][category] === undefined){
three_grams[category_minus_two][category_minus_one][category] = 0;
which I'd really like to avoid here, or at least find some good way of adding to the functionality of the Hash through the prototype method. However it seems like since the Hash and Object in JavaScript are just the same thing, we can't really play around with default hash behaviour in JavaScript without impacting a lot of other things ...
Maybe I should be writing my own Hash class ... or using Prototypes:
or someone elses:
or mootools:
argh, so many choices - wish I knew the best practice here ...