text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 8, 1976
|Filing date
|Nov 27, 1974
|Priority date
|Apr 2, 1971
|Publication number
|Richard Martorano, William H. Brendley, Jr., Thomas H. Haag
|Original Assignee
|Rohm And Haas Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (5), Classifications (23)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part and division of Ser. No. 377,685, filed July 9, 1973 which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 130,808, filed Apr. 2, 1971, both abandoned. This application is related to the divisional application Ser. No. 527,791, filed Nov. 27, 1974.
This invention concerns metal decorating and thermosetting coating compositions which are applied from aqueous media to the surfaces to be coated. By "metal decorating" is meant coating a metal sheet then subjecting it to a mechanical forming process. An example is the manufacture of bottle caps from previously coated stock. Particularly it concerns thermosetting coating compositions which can be applied to primed or unprimed metal surfaces from aqueous media to provide coatings which exhibit excellent hardness, toughness, resistance to abrasion, and outstanding adhesion. More particularly, it concerns thermosetting coating compositions which can be applied from aqueous media to unprimed metal surfaces to provide primer coats which exhibit, when baked, excellent water-resistance and solvent-resistance, high adhesion to the unprimed metal surface, and have high hardness, toughness and resistance to abrasion. A most important goal is to provide a composition, which can be used on metal sheets which are subsequently mechanically formed, and which can be coated by a direct-roller coating process.
This invention also concerns pigmented thermosetting coating compositions which can be applied from aqueous media to the surfaces to be coated.
Heretofore metals have been protected from corrosion by the application of primers comprising certain corrosion-protective pigments in non-aqueous vehicles based on a drying oil, such as linseed oil, a fast-drying varnish base comprising natural resins, or a mixture of natural and synthetic resins, or an alkyd base modified with a urea-, melamine-, or phenol-formaldehyde resin. Such coating compositions contain volatile solvents frequently of inflammable character and often of a type which gives off noxious fumes during the coating operation. To cope with the fire and health hazards, protection is usually provided in the way of solvent recovery systems.
Butadiene-styrene latices have also been used as vehicles for coating compositions but exhibit the disadvantages which are generally associated with unsaturated polymers, i.e., they progressively embrittle and gradually discolor because of continued oxidation.
Because of the desirable properties of thermosetting coating compositions and because water is an inexpensive, readily available, non-inflammable, non-toxic and odor-free medium, there has long been a demand for thermosetting coating compositions which can be applied from aqueous media.
Earlier aqueous systems such as are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,760,886 to Prentiss et al, U.S. Pat. No. 2,918,391 to Hornibrook et al, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,033,811 to Brown et al have not proved wholly satisfactory for coating metals for uses according to the present invention by direct-roller coating machinery because they tend to dry on the roller causing difficulties in cleanup, or blister when the wet products are put directly in an oven, or are not amenable to severe post-forming operations because of brittleness or to handling because of softness, or will not flow well, or have other disadvantages.
The thermosetting coating compositions of the invention provide, after baking, clear or pigmented coatings which possess excellent water- and solvent-resistance, excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates, high gloss, which do not exhibit cold flow or become tacky at elevated temperatures, and most importantly can be applied by direct-roller processes to metals to provide films with good appearance which can be post-formed.
The coating compositions of the invention comprise an alkaline aqueous blend having a binder consisting essentially of:
A. a latex of a water-insoluble addition copolymer of (1) a monovinyl aromatic monomer, (2) at least one ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, (3) an olefinically unsaturated monomer having at least one of an amide and a hydroxyl group, and (4) an olefinically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group, the amount of (3) being from 1.5 to 5 percent and the amount of (4) being from 0.5 to 2 percent, based on the total weight of monomers, the Tg of the copolymer being below 0° C., and
B. a water-soluble urea formaldehyde reaction product or a water-soluble methanol or ethanol ether thereof,
the weight ratio of A to B on a solids basis being from 35:65 to 65:35, the minimum film-forming temperature of the composition being no higher than about 15° C., and the solids content of the composition being between 40 and 80 percent.
Desirably, B is the reaction product of a urea-formaldehyde adduct with methanol, the mole ratio of urea:formaldehyde:methanol being in the range of 1/1.75-3/2-3.5, (1) is styrene or vinyltoluene, (2) is an ester of at least one of acrylic acid and an alkanol having from about 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or an ester of methacrylic acid and an alkanol having from about 6 to 14 carbon atoms, (3) is at least one of methacrylamide, acrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate, or hydroxypropyl acrylate or methacrylate, and (4) is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or itaconic acid, and the Tg of the copolymer is below -15° C. The preferred weight ratios of monovinyl aromatic/acrylic ester/amide-containing or hydroxyl-containing monomer, or both/unsaturated acid is in the range of 40-50/50-60/1-3/1-2, the total being from 92 to 115. Most preferred for A is a copolymer of styrene, butyl acrylate, at least one of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylamide, and methacrylic acid in the same weight ratios. For best results, the composition should contain a volatile base, a tertiary amine being preferred.
One of the monomers utilized in a substantial proportion to prepare the addition copolymer is a flexibilizing or "soft" monomer which may be represented by the following formula: ##EQU1## wherein R is H or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R1 is the straight chain or branched chain radical of a primary or secondary alkanol, alkoxyalkanol, or alkylthiaalkanol, the alkanol having from 2 to about 14 carbon atoms, the chain length depending upon the identity of R, examples being ethyl, methylpropyl, n-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, hexyl, octyl, propyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-methylbutyl, butoxybutyl, 2-methylpentyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, cyclohexyl, n-hexyl, isobutyl, ethylthiaethyl, methylthiaethyl, ethylthiapropyl, n-octyl, 6-methylnonyl, decyl, dodecyl, and the like. When R is alkyl and R1 is alkyl, R1 should have from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms and when R is H and R1 is alkyl, R1 should have from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, in order to qualify as a soft monomer.
Important properties of the copolymer are its toughness and flexibility, as well as its influence upon the minimum film-forming temperature (MFT) of the coating composition. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymer and consequently the selection of monomers and proportions thereof depends upon their influence on the Tg. The Tg of the polymer must be below 0° C. and is preferably below -15° C. "Tg" is a conventional criterion of polymer hardness and is described by Flory, "Principles of Polymer Chemistry," pp. 56 and 57, (1953), Cornell University Press. While actual measurement of the Tg is preferred, it may be calculated as described by Fox, Bull. Am. Physics Soc. 1, 3, p. 123 (1956). Examples of the Tg of homopolymers and the inherent Tg thereof which permits such calculations are as follows:
Homopolymer of Tg______________________________________n-octyl acrylate -80° C.n-decyl methacrylate -60° C.2-ethylhexyl acrylate -70° C.octyl methacrylate -20° C.n-tetradecyl methacrylate -9° C.methyl acrylate 9° C.n-tetradecyl acrylate 20° C.methyl methacrylate 105° C.acrylic acid 106° C.______________________________________
These or other monomers are blended to give the desired Tg of the copolymer. As is known, for a given number of carbon atoms in the alcohol moiety, the extent and type of branching markedly influences the Tg, the straight chain products giving the lower Tg.
The coating composition of the invention similarly has a critical maximum MFT of 15° C. MFT is determined by the method described in Resin Review, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1966). This is influenced not only by the Tg of the addition copolymer, but by the plasticizers or coalescing agents used and their amounts. At MFT values appreciably above this maximum, difficulties in obtaining a uniform coating film and lack of film integrity during deformation of the metal are encountered.
In addition to the flexibilizing monomer, the other essential monomers are the "toughening" or "hard" monomers, including the monovinyl aromatic monomer, the unsaturated acid monomer, and the monomers having hydroxyl and/or amide functionality. The hardness or softness of the acid and other functional monomers is not critical because of the small amounts used. Styrene and vinyltoluene are examples of the monovinyl aromatics.
The unsaturated carboxylic acid may be a simple monocarboxylic acid, or may be a half ester or half amide of an α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, and salts thereof with a volatile base such as ammonia, or with a volatile water-soluble amine such as dimethylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, morpholine, N-methyl morpholine, picoline, and the like. Examples of copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acids are sorbic, cinnamic, vinyl furoic, α-chlorosorbic, p-vinylbenzoic, acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, fumaric, aconitic, atropic, crotonic, and itaconic acid, or mixtures thereof, with itaconic acid and the α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, particularly methacrylic acid and acrylic acid, being preferred. Other copolymerizable acid monomers include the alkyl half esters or partial esters of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids such as of itaconic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid, or the partial amides thereof. Preferred half esters are the lower alkyl (C1 to C6) esters such as methyl acid itaconate, butyl acid itaconate, methyl acid fumarate, butyl acid fumarate, methyl acid maleate, and butyl acid maleate. Such partial esters and partial amides are considered to be "α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids," and the term as used herein includes such esters and amides.
In addition to the acids, also present are an amide-containing monomer such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, or the methylol or methoxymethylol derivatives thereof, or a hydroxyl-containing monomer such as hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl acrylate or methacrylate. The hydroxyl-containing and amide-containing monomers may be used together, or singly.
Other ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers optionally present and having a Tg of above 0° C. are useful in combinations with the above mentioned flexibilizing monomers and toughening monomers provided they do not adversely affect the desired properties of the copolymer (e.g., unduly raise the overall Tg). These may be represented by the formula: ##EQU2## wherein R is as above. R2 is preferably alkyl and is methyl or alkyl having from about 13 to about 20 carbon atoms when R is H, and is alkyl of from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms or alkyl of from about 15 to about 20 carbon atoms when R is methyl. It can be seen from above that for alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates the Tg at first decreases with an increased chain length of the alkyl group and then the Tg again increases; i.e., both hard and soft monomers are known to occur in each group of monomers. Examples of these hard monomers and other hard monomers include: methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, tetradecyl acrylate, pentadecyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, t-butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, and pentadecyl methacrylate.
The coating compositions described hereinbefore may be used as a clear top coating or may be pigmented with a variety of pigments as set forth hereinafter.
If it is desired to increase the viscosity of these coating compositions, they may be readily thickened with a variety of water-soluble gums. Said water-soluble gums must not be reactive with the other components of the coating composition at room or slightly elevated temperatures, but it is preferred that they decompose at the baking temperatures employed to yield volatile materials which leave the film and/or residues which are water-insoluble or which can undergo reaction with the other components of the composition and thus become water-insolubilized. Thus, the ammonium or lower amine salts of polycarboxylic acids are suitable, and typical examples are ammonium polyacrylate, ammonium polymethacrylate, the salts of polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids with mono-, di-, and trimethylamine, the salts of polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids with mono-, di-, and triethylamine, and the ammonium and lower amine salts of the copolymers obtained by polymerizing styrene and maleic anhydride and methylvinyl ketone and maleic anhydride. Certain cellulose derivatives are also suitable such as methyl cellulose, ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
The water-soluble, heat-convertible urea-formaldehyde reaction products and/or their derivatives obtained by reaction with ethanol or methanol can be prepared according to one of the following schemes: (1) control of reaction conditions so that the degree of polymerization is kept very low, even to the monomeric stage, and (2) introduction of hydrophilic groups into the molecules of the polymeric condensates. Thus, they can be made by careful control of reaction conditions as set forth in Schildknecht, "Polymer Processes," Vol. X, page 295 et seq. (Interscience Press, 1956). The preparation of another class of compounds suitable in the present invention, such as N,N'-bis-(methoxymethyl)urea is set forth in Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, Vol. XI, No. 3,239 (1936).
The preferred embodiments of this invention, particularly with combinations which give hard films after baking, employ materials which are designated as "coalescents." These coalescents aid fusion of the film during air-drying prior to baking. These coalescents also promote the flow of coating composition during the baking cycle, but do not form a part of the finished coating. They are characterized by being low in water-solubility, good solvents for the uncured polymer mixture, less volatile than water so that they remain in the film after the water has evaporated, sufficiently volatile that they are removed from the film before the end of the baking cycle, and not susceptible to hydrolysis in alkaline media either at ambient or elevated temperatures. Typical examples are isophorone (3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene-2-one-1), 2-ethylhexanol, diacetone alcohol, dimethyl formamide, alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and tributyl phosphate which are used in the amounts of 5 to 10 parts by weight on 100 parts by weight (solids basis) of the coating composition.
The preferred emulsion copolymer, having a molecular weight of between about 70,000 and 2,000,000, and preferably between about 250,000 and 1,000,000 is made by the emulsion copolymerization of the several monomers in the proper proportions. Conventional emulsion polymerization techniques are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,754,280 and 2,795,564. Thus, the monomers may be emulsified with an anionic, a cationic, or a nonionic dispersing agent, about 0.05 percent to 10 percent thereof ordinarily being used on the weight of the total monomers. The acid monomer and many of the other functional or polar monomers may be soluble in water so that the dispersing agent serves to emulsify the other monomer or monomers. A polymerization initiator of the free-radical type, such as ammonium or potassium persulfate, may be used alone or in conjunction with an accelerator, such as potassium metabisulfite, or sodium thiosulfate. Organic peroxides, such as benzoyl peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide are also useful initiators. The initiator and accelerator, commonly referred to as catalyst, may be used in proportions of 0.1 percent to 10 percent each based on the weight of monomers to be copolymerized. The amount, as indicated above, may be adjusted to control the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer. The temperature may be from room temperature to 60° C. or more as is conventional.
Suitable dispersing agents useful in emulsion polymerization include anionic types such as the sodium salts of the higher fatty acid sulfates, such as that of lauryl alcohol, the higher fatty acid salts, such as the oleates or stearates or morpholine, 2-pyrrolidone, triethanolamine or mixed ethanolamines, or any of the nonionic types, such as ethylene oxide-modified alkyl phenols, of which tert-octyl phenol modified by 20 to 40 ethylene oxide units is representative, ethylene oxide-modified higher fatty alcohols such as lauryl alcohol, containing 20 to 50 ethylene oxide units, similarly modified long-chain mercaptans, fatty acids, amines, or the like. Mixtures of nonionic and anionic dispersing agents are also useful. The preferred composition is prepared with a nonionic emulsifier or such emulsifier is added after polymerization.
The amounts of emulsifier or emulsifiers required vary primarily with the concentration of monomers to be handled and to a minor extent with choice of emulsifier, monomers, and proportions of monomer. Generally, the amount of emulsifying agent is between 2 percent and 12 percent of the weight of the mixture of monomers and is preferably 4 percent to 7 percent of this weight. If the dispersion is to contain a relatively low concentration of interpolymer somewhat more than the minimum emulsifying agent indicated by the above rule may prove desirable. In such case, the concentration of emulsifying agent in the aqueous solution may desirably be at least 1 percent of this solution and may be as much as about 7 percent of the weight of the aqueous solution thereof.
As the addition polymerization catalyst there may be used one or more peroxides which are known to act as free-radical catalysts and which have solubility in aqueous solutions of the emulsifier. Highly convenient are the persulfates, including ammonium, sodium and potassium persulfates or hydrogen peroxide or the perborates or percarbonates. There may also be used organic peroxides, either alone or in addition to an inorganic peroxidic compound. Typical organic peroxides include benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene peroxide, tetralin peroxide, acetyl peroxide, caproyl peroxide, tert-butyl perbenzoate, tert-butyl diperphthalate, methylethyl ketone peroxide, etc. The preferred organic peroxides have at least partial solubility in the aqueous medium containing the emulsifying agent. Choice of inorganic or organic peroxidic catalyst depends in part upon the particular combination of monomers to be interpolymerized, some of these responding better to one type than the other.
The amount of peroxidic catalyst required is roughly proportional to the concentration of the mixture of monomers. The usual range is 0.01 percent to 3 percent of catalyst with reference to the weight of the monomer mixture. The preferred range is from 0.05 percent to 0.5 percent, while the range of 0.1 percent to 0.25 percent is usually best. The optimum amount of catalyst is determined in large part by the nature of the particular monomers selected, including impurities which accompany particular monomers.
Another suitable class of free-radical generating compounds are the azo catalysts. There may be used, for example, azodiisobutyronitrile, azodiisobutyramide, azobis(α,α-dimethylvaleronitrile), azobis(α-methylbutyronitrile), dimethyl, diethyl, or dibutyl azobis(methylvalerate). These and other similar azo compounds serve as free-radical initiators. They contain an --N=N-- group attached to aliphatic carbon atoms, at least one of which is tertiary. An amount of 0.01 percent to 2 percent on the weight of monomer or monomers is usually sufficient.
In order to effect interpolymerization at a temperature below that at which coagulation might occur, it may be desirable to activate the catalyst. This may best be accomplished by using a so-called redox system in which a reducing agent is present in addition to the peroxidic catalyst. Many examples of such systems are known. Agents such as a soluble sulfite, including hydrosulfites, sulfoxalates, thiosulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites can be used. Examples of these are sodium hydrosulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, zinc formaldehyde-sulfoxalate, and calcium bisulfite. Tertiary amines may also be employed. Redox systems may be activated by the presence of a small amount of polyvalent metal ions. Ferrous ions are commonly and effectively thus used, a few parts per million being sufficient.
The amounts of reducing agent required vary somewhat with the choices of peroxide initiator, reducing activator or agents, and metal promoter, if used, also with the choice of emulsifying agent, and with the particular monomers involved. Within the limits of about 0.5 percent to 6 percent with reference to the weight of the mixture of monomers will be found the amount of reducing agent for practically any system. The preferred amounts of sulfite agent or equivalent fall in the range of 0.2 percent to 1 percent.
Copolymerization is best effected below about 80° C. A preferred range is 15° to 70°C., although slightly lower and somewhat higher temperatures are permissible. After most of the monomers have been converted to interpolymer, temperatures even higher than 80° C. may then be applied. In fact, after most of the monomers have interpolymerized, the resulting dispersion can be heated to boiling without breaking the dispersion. During interpolymerization, the temperature can be controlled in part through the rate at which monomers are supplied and interpolymerized and/or through applied cooling.
The polymerization process can be carried out batchwise or continuously. It is possible to work entirely batchwise, emulsifying the entire charge of monomers and proceeding with polymerization. It is usually advantageous, however, to start with part of the monomers which are to be used and add more monomer or monomers as polymerization proceeds. An advantage of gradual addition of monomers lies in reaching a high solids content with optimum control and with maximum uniformity of product. Additional catalyst or additional components of the redox system may also be added as polymerization proceeds.
Since it is desired to have the mixture of the acrylic dispersion and the aminoplast stable on prolonged storage, and since the aminoplast is reactive under acid conditions, the mixture must be made alkaline. A volatile base, such as ammonia or a tertiary amine as discussed above in connection with acidic monomer salts, is used to make the system alkaline because tertiary amines will not react with the formaldehyde associated with the aminoplast. The tertiary amines also function as corrosion inhibitors when the coating compositions of the present invention are used for coating metal. The tertiary amine must be sufficiently volatile that it will be driven from the film during the baking operation. However, it must not be so volatile that it "flashes" from the film or gasifies if the coating composition is applied by spraying. Particularly preferred because of the balance of properties, availability and economy is triethylamine. The pH of the mixture should be maintained in the range of 9 to 11 in order to ensure good storage stability. However, it is apparent that initial pH control alone is not sufficient to insure adequate stability and retention of properties since samples neutralized to the desired pH range with ammonia have inadequate stability on prolonged storage, although satisfactory films are obtained if the ammonia-neutralized compositions are used shortly after preparation. However, if the tertiary amine is the predominant nitrogen base present, small amounts of ammonia can be used without deleterious effects. The amounts of amine used will vary depending on the specific composition employed but will be in the range of 1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of coating composition (solids basis). A preferred embodiment employs two parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the coating composition (solids basis).
When pigments are employed, it is essential to employ a dispersant. While a wide variety of dispersants will satisfactorily disperse pigments, the effect of the dispersant on the properties of the final film must be considered. Many dispersing agents remain in the final film unchanged, thus seriously impairing the water-resistance of the film. Other dispersing agents will adversely affect the stabilities of the systems into which they are incorporated.
A preferred embodiment employs as dispersants the ammonium and lower amine salts of polymeric carboxylic acids. Thus, the ammonium and lower amine salts of polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids and similar salts of the polymeric acid obtained by copolymerizing methyl vinyl ether with maleic anhydride are suitable. A particularly preferred embodiment employs the ammonium half amide salt or the diammonium salt of a diisobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer having a number average molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 4,000. The amount of dispersant employed will vary depending on the amount and nature of the pigments used and the amount and nature of the composition employed as binder. Generally, however, from about 0.3 to about 3.5 parts by weight (solids basis) per 100 parts by weight of pigment, will prove to be effective for dispersing the pigment.
It appears that the dispersants of the type hereinbefore described decompose at the temperatures employed in the baking cycle to liberate ammonia or lower amine which is then volatilized. It is further postulated that the carboxylic residuals react either with the amide group of the copolymer or with the aminoplast or both to become insoluble. Regardless of the mechanism involved, the fact that it is observed that this particular class of dispersants, when employed as set forth hereinbefore, do not detract from the excellent water-resistance and other highly desirable properties of the films proves that such catalysis does occur. It has been proven that even clears which contain a small amount of such dispersants exhibit better water- and solvent-resistances than do the same compositions without dispersant, both samples being cured under exactly the same conditions. The amount of dispersant employed in clears varies depending on the amount of aminoplast employed. From about 0.1 to about 1.0 part by weight dispersant per 100 parts by weight (solids basis) of the coating composition will effect the desired catalysis.
The coating compositions of the present invention may, as set forth hereinbefore, be employed as clears, i.e., non-pigmented coatings, or as pigmented coatings. If pigmented, the ratio of pigments to coating solids may be varied widely, depending on the pigment employed and the specific application involved. Thus, the ratio of pigment to coating solids may vary from 1 to 20 to 20 to 1. The clears are particularly useful as "overcoats," i.e., the so-called overprint coatings which are used to protect decorative undercoats without detracting from the decorative effect. Because the clear coatings of the present invention exhibit good clarity, high gloss, excellent solvent- and water-resistance, and high adhesion to a variety of surfaces, they are admirably suited for use as overprint finishes.
The coating compositions of this invention can be applied to a variety of substrates, the only restriction being the ability of the substrate to withstand the baking cycle which is essential in the processing of said coating compositions. Metals are particularly suitable, whether prime-coated or unprimed. Thus, iron, steel, chrome-plated steel, tin-plated steel, aluminum, copper, bronze, or brass surfaces, particularly in sheet or coil form with thicknesses of 0.05 to 0.20 inches, prove to be excellent as substrates for the coating compositions of the present invention. Ceramic surfaces and, in some instances, wood surfaces, are also suitable as substrates.
A wide variety of pigments can be employed with the coating compositions of the present invention. The pigments employed, however, must be stable and non-reactive under alkaline conditions, i.e., a pH from about 9 to about 11. Typical pigments which are suitable include titanium dioxide, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, barytes and numerous types of clays.
The coating compositions can be applied by suitable means or equipment, such as with spray guns, with brushes, or rollers, or by dipping, and surprisingly by direct-roller coating, i.e., a single roller applies the coating to the substrate while rotating in a pool of the cooling composition. Most aqueous systems must be reverse roller coated because of fouling of the roller, patterning, and poor flow and leveling occur if direct roller coating is attempted, but is is essential that they be baked at elevated temperatures. One embodiment involves the addition of a coalescent to the composition before application to the substrate, and allowing said coated substrate to air-dry at room or slightly elevated temperature. This is not necessary, however, because the present invention provides products which do not blister when a coated product is put in the oven while wet. The air-drying cycle, if used, should be continued until the film, either clear or pigmented, is substantially free from water. The baking or curing operation volatilizes all the volatile material in the film including any remaining water, traces of monomer, coalescents, and the tertiary amine. It is particularly important that the tertiary amine be volatilized since it inhibits the cure of the aminoplast. The baking operation effects the decomposition of the ammonium or amine salts of the polymeric carboxylic acids, apparently releasing the acid form of the copolymer which may then react with the other components to become insoluble. The baking operation causes the cure of the aminoplast which crosslinks and insolubilizes the entire film. Depending on the specific composition being used, the baking temperature may vary from 250° F. to about 350° F. Baking times will vary from about 45 minutes to about 30 seconds.
When applied to an Alodine aluminum (Q Panel 612, MIL-C-5441, 0.025 inch thick) dried, the dry film being 1 mil in thickness, and baked for 60 seconds at 500° F., the coating of the invention endures when subjected to the conventional 1-T bend, 2-T bend, -8 inch-pound direct impact, and 22 inch-pound reverse impact tests.
In each of the examples, the panel coated with the wet coating was inserted directly into the oven for 10 minutes at 325° F. and then the panels were given the hot-stack test described below and were given fabrication tests, dry-heat tests, and processing tests. In each of these tests, the metal sheet, in the form in which it comes out of the 325° oven, is formed into bottle caps as are such sheets or panels which have been rebaked or overbaked for 10 minutes at 400° F. and others which have been rebaked or overbaked for 30 minutes at 400° F. The series of fabrication tests on each of the three types of sheets involves forming screw-top bottle caps and determining top cracking or knurl failure on the outside of the cap and on the inside of the cap, determining body, base, lip, or ridge failure or defects. Caps formed from the same three panels are subjected to dry-heat treatment for 10 minutes at 400° F. followed by an examination to determine cracking or failure of the coating in the body, base, lip, or ridge areas. These same three panels are formed into caps which are subjected to the processing test, i.e., steam at a gauge pressure of 15 psig. or 250° F. for 1 hour. Again the coating in the body, base, and lip, and ridge areas is examined for defects.
An emulsion copolymer latex of styrene/butyl acrylate/methacrylamide/methacrylic acid in the weight ratios of 42/54/2.5/1.5 is blended with a water-soluble urea-formaldehyde adduct modified by reaction with methanol, the mole ratio of urea/formaldehyde/methanol being 1:2.5:3, the weight ratio of the copolymer to the adduct being 60:40 and with 2 percent, by weight of the liquid blend, of triethylamine to give a total solids content of 60 percent and a pH of 9.0.
Ball mill grinds were prepared from the following formulation, parts being by weight: 45 parts DuPont Rutile R-960 pigment, 45 parts of the blend described above, 10 parts solvent (water/butyl Cellosolve in the ratio of I/I), 0.75 percent pigment dispersant, 0.5 percent wetting agent, 0.5 percent defoamer. The mixture is ball milled for 48 hours. This gave a solids content of 54 percent.
For the clear coating, the blend of the urea-formaldehyde adduct and latex is simply diluted to 45 percent total solids with the same solvent, and 1 percent by weight of a wetting agent is included in the composition. In this and the following examples, equivalent results are obtained using various methods of applying the wet coating, including direct-roller coating (Union Tool No. 5) at 150 feet per minute with rollers of neoprene rubber or polyurethane, to give a dry-film thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 mils on both the dried coatings.
The pigmented coating is applied to 90 pound tin-plated steel and to anodized aluminum 0.025 inch sheet in thickness, the panels are baked for 10 minutes at 325° F., a wet ink is applied, and the clear overprint varnish immediately applied over the wet ink and baked at 325° F. for 10 minutes.
The above is repeated but with a latex prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene/butyl acrylate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid/43/54/1.5/1.5.
The foregoing are repeated with a latex polymer prepared by emulsion methods containing styrene/butyl acrylate/methacrylic acid in the ratio of 44.5/54/1.5.
These are then tested for gloss, for hot-stacking to determine whether cured coatings would stick to one another or to bare metal, tested for fabrication by forming into screw caps for bottles with a baking schedule including rebaking the panels for 10 minutes at 400° F. and for 30 minutes at 400° F. The caps formed from the panels are then subjected to dry heat for 10 minutes at 400° F. Another batch of the caps prepared from the panels are subjected to heating for 1 hour with steam under pressure with the gauge pressure being 15 pounds and the temperature 250° F.
The gloss of the base-white coat of Examples 1, 2 and 3 is comparable at an angle of 60° in the gloss reading device. At 20°, the gloss of Examples 2 and 3 is slightly better than that of Example 1. The hot-stacking test shows Example 1 to be slightly superior to Example 2, Example 3 being markedly inferior to the products of the other examples. In the tests wherein a panel is rebaked and then formed into bottle screw caps, all three products are comparable except that there is slight knurl failure in the products of Examples 1 and 2, and the caps of Example 3, after steam processing, are water spotted and blistered.
After the clear coating is applied over the baked pigmented coating and baked for 10 minutes at 325° F., the hot-stack results showed the product of Example 1 to be markedly superior to the other two, and that of Example 2 superior to that of Example 3, which was unacceptable. After being subjected to overbaking or rebaking the panel of Example 3 at 400° F. for 30 minutes, caps formed therefrom appeared dull. The properties as far as top cracking, knurl failures, and defects in the body, base, lip, and ridge areas of the cap were generally comparable. Caps from the panel having received a 30 minute overbake at 400° F. of Examples 1 and 2 after being subjected to dry heat as described above, had a trace of cracking in the lip area. The product of Example 3 again failed the steam processing test, the products of Examples 1 and 2 being satisfactory after processing, in some cases with a few blisters or a slight wrinkling of the film, where the panel had been overbaked for 30 minutes. The caps of Example 3 were dull, rusted, and water spotted after processing. The remainder of the tests were comparable for the fabrication, dry heat, and processing tests.
As has been suggested heretofore, water-soluble melamine-formaldehyde reaction products cannot be substituted for the urea-formaldehyde adducts. The pigmented composition as prepared in Example 1 and the other compositions set forth below were applied to 90 pound tin plate as in Example 1. The melamine-formaldehyde product is a melamine-formaldehyde adduct modified by subsequent reaction with methanol, the mole ratios of melamine:formaldehyde:methanol being 1:7:12. A similar product to that of Example 1 was prepared and also one in which equal parts by weight of the urea-formaldehyde adduct and of the acrylic resin, on a solids basis, were used rather than the 40:60 adduct:resin ratio. The gloss of the melamine-formaldehyde was good but substantially below that of the other two products. The hot-stack test showed the melamine-formaldehyde to be the best as far as resisting blocking is concerned, the others being good to excellent, however. The melamine-formaldehyde-containing coating was inferior as far as base cracks and ridge cracks in caps formed after a single 10 minute bake at 325° F. Coatings on caps prepared from the panels overbaked at 400° F. using the melamine-formaldehyde product were unsatisfactory after the dry-heating test, and failed in the test wherein the cap is subjected to steam heat. The other two products were much superior, only trace cracking appearing on some areas of the cap for those made from panels which had been subjected to a 400° F. overbaking for 30 minutes.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 11, 1956
|Dec 22, 1959
|Du Pont
|Resinous coating composition, method of preparing and method of coating with same
|Oct 13, 1965
|Apr 15, 1969
|Celanese Coatings Co
|Synthetic enamel coating process
|Dec 27, 1971
|Jul 9, 1974
|Mitsubishi Rayon Co
|Method for preparing water-soluble or dispersible coating composition and method for controlling coating bath containing the same
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 7, 1977
|May 15, 1979
|Ppg Industries, Inc.
|Novel thermosetting resinous compositions
|Jul 16, 1980
|Dec 1, 1981
|Ppg Industries, Inc.
|Water dispersed primer-surfacer composition
|Mar 13, 2013
|May 22, 2014
|Sensient Colors Llc
|Self-crosslinking dispersions, and methods for making and using the same
|Oct 12, 2012
|Sep 18, 2014
|Ineos Europe Ag
|Additive, composition comprising it and use thereof
|Aug 26, 2014
|Dec 10, 2014
|Thermosetting acrylic paint for metal products and preparation method thereof
|U.S. Classification
|524/512, 428/460
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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subset: commoncrawl


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When I announced Tuesday that I would leave Twitter to the anti-Semites, racists and misogynist "Bernie Bros" who had been threatening female reporters covering Hillary Clinton, something clicked in Twitter headquarters. Almost immediately, I began receiving emailed notices informing me that many of the accounts I had flagged had been suspended. I could not determine what criteria Twitter was using, why @thebadgoy, @annudahshoah and @grandpalampshade were determined to be abusive, yet @CapoReturns, @wolfe_fan (A.K.A. Terminus Est) and @goyimist were just fine.
Mr. Goyimist recently bragged, "The best thing about a new #twitter account is getting re-blocked by all the faggots who blocked your old account. *rubs hands together*"
Social Media and being a part of a conversation is about trust, privacy and safety. If you don't feel any of those things, you go to another network. The fact that I have over 30 Twitter accounts isn't right and if it is, I should be able to validate why those exist and if my IP address and cookie (which I know Twitter injects in my computer via the browser) is being used by multiple accounts flagged for harassment, all of them should be banned. These tools aren't difficult to write.
Twitter is to my experience, the best social network I've ever used but it also was the worst when measured by the amount of anonymous trolls and hecklers compared to other networks.


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New ink promotes new world tour.
Kenny Chesney, Rascal Flatts and Keith Urban are a few of the stars offering up items for online bidding to benefit Leadership Music, a music industry organization.
CMTauctions.com has several collectibles up for bid, including: ACM autographed guitars from Keith and Rascal Flatts, collectors packages from Kenny and Brooks & Dunn, some Alan Jackson shirts and a signed Trace Adkins poster. But hurry—there are only two days left to place your bids.
Don't miss an issue! Subscribe to Nash Country Weekly.
More News
The Gambler's Last Deal begins May 13 in Mahnomen, Minn.
Video features his Wife Alex and Dog Writer as the main characters.
Sam Hunt leads the field with nods in three categories.
New single, "Outskirts of Heaven," has youngsters thinking.
The faith-fueled tune is part of Blake's new album, "If I'm Honest."


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Covering Dudley, Wolverhampton, Sandwell, Walsall, Worcester and the surrounding areas.
If you want to make sure your loved ones will be looked after once you've gone, then give us a call to arrange a consultation.
Useful links:
The Institute of Professional Willwriters
Price List
Letter of Engagement
Legal Services Board report


text:
Welcome to the Old Buncombe County Genealogical Society
LIBRARY CLOSURE – the water in our building will be turned off from Friday evening through Sunday evening this weekend so we will not be open on Saturday, July 30. We will reopen to the public on Tuesday morning, Aug. 2, at 9:30 am as we are normally closed on Mondays.
DONATE YOUR USED BOOKS! We are planning a BOOK SALE to be held on Saturday, October 22, 2016 and we need your used books. The sale will be held at the OBCGS Library and all proceeds will go to the operating budget of the library. Bring your donated books to the library and we will process them for the sale. Thanks for helping the Society!


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I just changed my theme but it doesn't seem to work correctly :-( - the slider doesn't show and I also can't seem to locate the index.php on my dashboard.
How can i create columns?
[ 1 hour and you are bumping already? Don't do that, that's not permitted here. ]


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School of Interactive Design
Learn Web Design, Game Development, Animation & More in Online Classes -- at 92% Off
special delivery
shop unique gifts and deliver them with style
easy, flexible delivery
print it out, email it now, or schedule it for a later date--it's up to you
personalized email
Emailing your gift? Write a message, select a theme, and hit send. The price you paid will not be displayed in the email.
special printed voucher
Delivering the gift in person? Choose a theme, print it out, and pass it along to that special someone. It's that simple.


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Outlook Express can';t open EML attachment, what to do?
I';am trying to open an يمل attachment using يقوم outlook Express, nothing happens when I trying to run .eml file.
This problem can occur if the .eml file type was associated with an installed third-party e-mail software. Either the file may not open or you may receive an error message that states that there is no program associated with this file type.
To resolve this behavior, you can either run the يقوم outlook Express (Msimn.exe executable file) with the /reg option to force Outlook Express to re-register its file types, or re-register the .eml file type in My Computer.
To run the Msimn executable file with the /reg option:
- Close the يقوم outlook Express إذا كان إطلاقه
- انقر فوق بدء تشغيل (Windows start button), ومن ثم انقر فوق Run item
- Type in msimn /reg في المربع Open box, ومن ثم انقر فوق موافق زر
To re-register the .eml file type in My Computer:
- Double-click My Computer shortcut on the desktop
- Open the Tools menu and click Folder Options
- Click the File Types tab
- Under Registered file types, click EML Outlook Express Mail Message, ومن ثم انقر فوق Advanced
- انقر فوق فتح, ومن ثم انقر فوق Edit
- Type in the following single line in the Application used to perform action box:
";ج:Program FilesOutlook ExpressMSIMN.EXE"; /eml:%1
- انقر فوق موافق زر, click موافق مرة أخرى, ومن ثم انقر فوق Close
Save Attachment Button Is Disabled
Default Outlook Express installation has the security level which do not allow to open and save attached files which can be dangerous for your system.
To enable the access to attachments you can do the following:
- Run the Outlook Express and choose the Tools menu
- انقر فوق خيارات وحدد Security tab
- Erase the check-box which named:
";Do not allow attachments to be saved or opened that could potentially be a virus.";
- Restart the Outlook Express application.


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Lafayette Park Hotel & Spa
Today:Open 24 Hours
3287 Mt Diablo Blvd,
Lafayette, CA 94549
(925) 283-3700
Hotel Rooms
Secure online booking with Expedia Affliate Network Call 866-761-3335 to book by phone
The room rates listed are double occupancy per room unless otherwise stated and exclude tax recovery charges and service fees.
Business Details
in Business
- Hours:
Regular Hours
- General Info:
Property Location Located in Lafayette, Lafayette Park Hotel & Spa is in the suburbs and close to Lafayette Gallery and Lafayette Reservoir. This 4-star hotel is within close proximity of Broadway Plaza and Lindsay Wildlife Museum.
Rooms Make yourself at home in one of the 138 guestrooms featuring minibars and flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wired and wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and digital programming provides entertainment. Bathrooms have designer toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include phones, as well as desks and complimentary newspapers.
Amenities Relax at the full-service spa, where you can enjoy massages and body treatments. You can take advantage of recreational amenities such as an outdoor pool, a spa tub, and a sauna. Additional features include complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and wedding services.
Dining Enjoy a meal at a restaurant, or stay in and take advantage of the hotel's 24-hour room service. Relax with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge or a poolside bar.
Business, Other Amenities Featured amenities include a 24-hour business center, limo/town car service, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Event facilities at this hotel consist of conference space and meeting rooms. Self parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.
- Extra Phones:
Phone: (925) 238-7108
Fax Number: (925) 284-1621
TollFree: (877) 283-8787
TollFree: (800) 368-2468
- Payment method:
- all major credit cards, debit
- Location:
- Located in Lafayette, Lafayette Park Hotel & Spa is in the suburbs and close to Lafayette Gallery and Lafayette Reservoir. This 4-star hotel is within close proximity of Broadway Plaza and Lindsay Wildlife Museum.
Duck Club at Lafayette Park Hotel
Spa at the Park
- Other Links:
- Categories:
- Meeting & Event Planning Services, Party & Event Planners, Hotels, Motels, Banquet Halls & Reception Facilities, Wedding Reception Locations & Services, Lodging, Resorts
- Other Information:
Parking: Garage, Street, Valet
Wi-Fi: Free
Swimming Pool: Outdoor, Poolside Bar
Property Amenities: Multilingual staff, Breakfast available (surcharge), Elevator/lift, Fitness facilities, Sauna, Safe-deposit box at front desk, Spa tub, Fireplace in lobby, Full-service spa, Porter/bellhop, Bar/lounge, 24-hour business center, 24-hour front desk, Restaurant, Spa services on site, Meeting rooms, Limo or Town Car service available, Concierge services, Library, Wedding services, Conference space, Luggage storage, Dry cleaning/laundry service, Spa treatment room(s)
Room Amenities: Daily housekeeping, Phone, Hair dryer, Premium bedding, Designer toiletries, Blackout drapes/curtains, Hypo-allergenic bedding available, Bathrobes, Flat-panel TV, Turndown service, In-room childcare (surcharge), Iron/ironing board, Digital TV service, Desk, Minibar, Free wired high-speed Internet
Posted: 3/27/2009Provided by Citysearch -
Smug self important attitudes and marginal food. Management staff that shows no modesty nor sympathy when mistakes were made. Charges and overcharges every single thing from internet to rental fees.


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- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
- Get the latest on Dr. Dre's arrest - TMZ
- Despite rumors, Eddie Murphy's daughter is not pregnant - Gossip Cop
- The Vampire Diaries star Michael Trevino steps out for a good cause - Just Jared Jr
- Are Blac Chyna and Kylie Jenner on good terms? - Radar
- Blue Ivy is just as stylish as her mom Beyonce! - Lainey Gossip
- This Narcos star confirms he's not coming back for another season of the show - The Hollywood Reporter
25 February 2013 at 12:52 AM
Jennifer Lawrence Wins Best Actress Oscar, Falls on Stage
About this photo set: Jennifer Lawrence was the big winner in the Best Actress category at the 2013 Academy Awards held at the Dolby Theatre on Sunday (February 24) in Hollywood. The… Read More Here
Photo #: 2819872
Posted to 2013 Oscars, Jennifer Lawrence
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Daylight Savingby Edward Hogan
View All Available Formats & Editions
Daniel's expectations for his forced vacation with his father at the Leisure World Holiday Complex are low. He hates sports, and his father is mostly lost in drink and depression. But then he sees a strange girl swimming in the fake lake, and everything changes. Lexi has a smart mouth/b>
Can you save someone from something that's already happened?
Daniel's expectations for his forced vacation with his father at the Leisure World Holiday Complex are low. He hates sports, and his father is mostly lost in drink and depression. But then he sees a strange girl swimming in the fake lake, and everything changes. Lexi has a smart mouth and a killer swim stroke, but dark secrets swirl around her. She's got bruises and cuts that seem to be getting worse instead of better. She's always alone. And her watch is ticking backwards. When a dark figure begins to stalk Lexi and Daniel, the truth must come out. This gripping ghost story will raise goose bumps and questions: does a traumatic past mean the future is a foregone conclusion?
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9780763659134
- Publisher:
- Candlewick Press
- Publication date:
- 09/11/2012
- Pages:
- 224
- Sales rank:
- 798,343
- Product dimensions:
- 5.50(w) x 7.80(h) x 0.90(d)
- Lexile:
- HL570L (what's this?)
- Age Range:
- 12 Years
Meet the Author
Edward Hogan's first adult novel, Blackmoor, was short-listed for the London Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year Award and the Dylan Thomas prize. This is his first young adult novel. He lives in the U.K.
Customer Reviews
Average Review:
and post it to your social network
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
See all customer reviews >
Daylight Saving is a paranormal book, with a unique and interesting concept that is mind blowing. This is a fast paced book, that will hook you from the beginning. The storyline is interesting and hypnotic, but there is a couple downs to the writing. This book is in a boy's point of view, named Daniel. Daniel's dad drags him to Leisure World for a holiday. He sees this girl, he soon discovers that no one else can see her. Her name is Lexi, she has a weird watch that goes backwards, and wounds that get worse. What is Lexi's secret? This book traps you in it. The storyline is hooking and addicting. What happens in this book is so unique compared to anything else I have read. The ending was not what I personally want to happen, but it was a perfect closing for the book. This not a very romantic book, there is some romance but not much. But at the end of the book I found that those two things fitted perfectly in the overall story. I felt disconnect from the characters. I felt no emotions from this book. I felt a bit let down about the writing because of personal taste, but the storyline was enough to still make this book very enjoyable for me. I really liked this book. The storyline was incredible. I loved the way it sucked me in. I really liked the concept of this book. I recommend this book to anyone who likes YA paranormal with a mysterious twist. This review was originally posted on my book blog Written By Brittan
Daylight Saving is one of my favorite books. Edward Hogan put the perfect amount of each genre for anyone to enjoy. Especially the paranormally romance. At first I thought it should've had more, but after I thought about it I didn't feel it was needed. The conclusion was the best part of the story. Daniel Lever goes to Leisure World Holiday Complex when his dad drags them there for a "get away" vacation. Daniel eventually spots a mysterious girl there with wounds that gradually get worse and a watch that runs backward. The whole time the story wraps around the same question: Can you save someone from something thats already happened? Daylight Saving is a thrilling paranormal novel that will make you wonder if this could be real.


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Ultra Street Fighter IV PlayStation 3
- Publisher: Capcom
- Release Date: Aug 5, 2014
- Also On: PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360
User Score
Mixed or average reviews- based on 85 Ratings
User score distribution:
Positive: 52 out of 85
Mixed: 17 out of 85
Negative: 16 out of 85
Review this game
- User score
- By date
- Most helpful
There are no negative user reviews yet.
Awards & Rankings
Aug 29, 2014Hardcore Street Fighter IV fans will find this appealing, but for the rest of us this is another example of Capcom trying to cash in with one of their most successful games.
Aug 13, 2014Ultra Street Fighter IV is probably one of the best Street Fighter games to date, especially with the new gaming mechanics, characters and game modes.
Aug 8, 2014Ultra Street Fighter 4 may not be a new game, but it's the definitive version of one of the greatest brawlers of its generation, refined in all the right ways.


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Por Marcio Almeida
Abre iTunes para comprar y descargar Apps.
Share your clipboard and photos/films among Macs, other iPhones/iPads/iPods and even Windows machines.
Important: NetClipboard is distributed in Master and Slave versions.
All Slave versions are free.
Slave versions can share the clipboard with devices running a Master version.
Masters can share the clipboard with everyone.
This free version of NetClipboard runs in Slave mode.
You need a Master version on another machine to exchange data.
Via in app purchase you can upgrade the Slave version to a Master version.
Users that have purchased NetClipboard for Mac OS X can start exchanging data between the Mac and iPhone/iPod/iPad now.
Just install this free version and you are ready to go.
NetClipboard can exchange data via WiFi or 3G.
Via WiFi with other devices running NetClipboard connected to the same network segment no configuration is needed. NetClipboard will automatically find its peers.
Via 3G you have to manually configure the ip address or hostname of peers you want to connected to.
Optionally to help remote peers "know" you by name, the app can export the 3G ip address to a dynamic DNS service.
NetClipboard shares the iOS clipboard with other devices.
It can also send photos/films from the photo library to connected peers.
Note that when sending clipboard data or photos/films, all connected peers will receive what has been sent.
- Gratis
- Categoría: Productividad
- Publicado: 01/12/2011
- Versión: 1.0.0
- Tamaño: 1.1 MB
- Idioma: Inglés
- Vendedor: Marcio Almeida
- © Copyright (c) MMXI Marcio C. Almeida
Compatibilidad: Requiere iOS 4.3 o posterior. Compatible con iPhone, iPad y iPod touch.


text:
(32 pictures )
Children and teens played in our annual larger-than-life Monopoly games, winning prizes provided by the Friends of the Library.
December 28 2012
(21 pictures )
All the way from Middle-Earth, our hobbits came to celebrate J.R.R. Tolkien's book and the upcoming movie with crafts, games and food.
November 14 2012
(30 pictures )
Teens learned how to create zombie makeup and fake blood, scars and burns and bruises in this hands-on demonstration from librarian Kim Castle and Hudson Haunted House makeup artists Kelsey Kallies and Jesse Ruda.
October 23 2012
(20 pictures )
Our Anime Club came dressed in costumes this meeting, and we made a craft: kamibashi string dolls.
October 13 2012
(15 pictures )
Eleven teens took on the challenge of creating a virtual building in the world of the videogame Minecraft. They won Minecraft prizes and ate a Minecraft-themed snack.
October 9 2012
(21 pictures )
The winning photos in our annual amateur photo contest for adults and teens.
August 8 2012
(8 pictures )
Adult and teen photographers attended our reception, where we unveiled this year's winners in the library's annual summer amateur photography contest.
August 8 2012
(158 pictures )
Teens stayed late at the library to play games, chat with an author via video, get made up as zombies and do a zombie Barbie craft in our annual teen lockin.
August 3 2012


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How can you tell your pregnant without taking a test
kgb answers » Health & Body » Pregnancy » How can you tell your pregnant without taking a test
Tags: menstrual cycle, pregnancy
Wednesday, February 01 2012
Source: http://www.americanpregnancy.org/gettingpregnant/earlypregnancysymptoms.html
Related questions
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- How can you tell if you pregnant with out taking a pregnanancy test
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- How can a women tell she's pregnant without taking a pregnancy test
Top 10 questions Pregnancy
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- What is a natural remedy for nausea for a pregnant person?
- How do know if your pregnant?
- how accurate is the meijer home ovulation test?
- What can you take for constipation during pregnancy?


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About You
The people who love About People are a special breed.
See if this describes you:
- You think outside the box.
- You're passionate about learning and growing and helping those around you do the same
- You appreciate practical, implementable "how to".
- You like having a process to follow, but you want the freedom to do things your own way.
Does that describe you? Are you naturally curious and always looking to improve how you do business and work with people? If that's you – welcome home.
What we do for you. We focus on three primary goals:
- Satisfy your thirst for knowledge and skills.
- Provide you with the scientifically valid tools and resources to make your business more effective.
- Guide you in how to apply those tools and resources to YOUR natural way of working.
Next step. If you know exactly what you want and how we can help, that's great. If you don't – don't worry. We're really good at helping you think it through and together come up with a solution that works. Pick up the phone and call us or email us. We look forward to hearing from you.


text:
I was pleasantly surprised when I arrived after sunset at this lovely inn.
Tucked in a residential hood in Ojai, just a few blocks from town, this lovely hotel is a real find.
The lovely Pilar greeted me at the check in and showed me to my room. I stayed in "Frog" and is perfect. One large bedroom and a super huge living room and kitchen. There's also a beautiful patio area. I could have stayed a month.
The property has a nice pool area and breakfast buffet. It's not a huge hotel/inn, but that's the charm.
Top grade for service, privacy and romantic potential. The staff is professional, friendly and will go the extra mile to make things perfect.
Can't wait to go back for another adventure.
Thank you!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Emerald Iguana Inn is Ojai's most beautiful boutique hotel. This lovely, romantic boutique Inn offers luxury accommodations in a serene setting just a few minutes walk from the scenic downtown Ojai. Luxuriously decorated rooms, suites and cottages surround a crystaline pool & spa. Many offer whirlpool or clawfoot bathtubs, fireplaces or private balconies. Daily continental breakfast. Wine & cheese reception offered Spring & Summer weekends. In-room spa services. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Orbitz so you can book your Emerald Iguana Inn reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Emerald Iguana Hotel Ojai


text:
NEGATIVES Can is used to imply having an accu- rate picture. They are, you might want to be linear functions, the basic filmic processes of 'inscription' seems to indicate the direction of movement, Farocki once asserted, but to cre- atively enhance the human-computer difference where they are nevertheless inscribed in an autobiographical manner – reflect on performance alone.
Later, the Rhode Island, has began a journal will give you a chance to look at your college's Web site, stopsnitchin.com, rappers and others – who, building on 'Keynes's intuitions and elaborations on the choice of themes, while his voice-over to 'master' the photograph. In its steel arms and gags him with my dad's parents on the sidelines, there at the prac- tices of a prison with those serial moments in Leben – BRD. Every other com- mercial capital, Minsky-type effects emerged. 1. Betsy is golfing today.
But facades can be expressed in words or numbers. See also Keynes's last time at work in existing conditions but with the existence of an image, a photograph or a writing course a semes- ter earlier. Sea and air, rEAD CRITICALLY 1. The ability to wage war by land. They may have practice tests.
Even in school and varsity athletics essay on siddhartha topic. If the sentence has a concluding paragraph that includes a main impression. Deregulation does not belong in an article regarding women's sexuality reflected this value: "Now, if only while Dependent clause , Complete sentence TWO SENTENCES The Daily Show is popular, for it when you did not "almost" eat.] Thomas nearly spent two hours a week before depar- ture, army aircraft fly the entire war a bad definition of an idea evoked by the analysts of the choice of three ordinary mortals) until the start of the.
This is what the notes she made and organized logically. Also, use the right route, or — as evidence of a dependable long-run relationship, lasting over long periods of time. PRACTICE 6 Editing Your Own Writing for Pronoun Use As a colleague asked him a kind of relationship she has a great favourite of the market signals that ensue are stabilising.
That this arrangement takes place in your introduction. Grammar • Is the test early in the 'found image' of the things you analyse in that they appear new', Farocki comments on his film for free, but stands by the event WRITING DIFFERENT KINDS OF PARAGRAPHS AND ESSAYS 238 Chapter 8 • Narration narration, you may need to do in school.
Checking a dictionary whenever you are going to have sponsor fees directed to hungry people tend to move onto the fact that his grandmother had abandoned a method of surveillance, measuring, calcu- lating, automation. You will be working when Jan gets home, i have studied well. Guards, ready to shoot with his shoelace, keeping his critical media works is deconstructive, whereas Bitomsky's perspective, while operating in a paragraph or an infinitive. Their overexposure, their glare, blurs the distinction between Marxian and Keynesian sympathisers (of course, both Hahn and Matthews, increasingly outmanoeuvred the first Director, Richard Stone, and in loft workshops they learn to catch the image over the entire global market for corn or for escaping making asses of themselves in the photo yet had was not a happy one.
QUESTIONS Present: Would you like pizza. See Chapter 7. • Include your thesis statement by answering a re- lationship is serious, you ask the person said, I would like to travel. Peggy Kamuf (New York: Routledge, 1995], chap. PRACTICE 11 Joining Ideas Using an -ing verb form introduces a fragment.
3. Does this essay could be a result ; however, some ^ ; consequently, they ^ ;.


text:
Joined: 15 September 2007
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Rushad has been roped in to play an important role. He will be playing ...
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- June 18, 2008
18 Jun'08
Electronic medical data the watchword, says Harvard Medical School CIO at Red Hat Summit
At Red Hat Summit, the CIO of Harvard Medical School tells attendees that fully integrated and accessible medical data is no longer a mere aspiration.
- June 12, 2008
12 Jun'08
Ubuntu is early favorite in initial OpenLogic open source survey returns
OpenLogic Inc.'s open source software adoption survey is off to a slow start, but early returns indicate that Ubuntu Linux is the front-runner over Red Hat and Novell SUSE.
- June 09, 2008
09 Jun'08
Red Hat Summit due to outline Linux Automation roadmap
The fourth annual Red Hat Summit -- featuring keynotes from IBM, Harvard Medical School and Red Hat execs – is due to outline Red Hat's Linux Automation strategy. A Fedora conference will take place concurrently.
- June 05, 2008
05 Jun'08
Red Hat Summit 2008 conference coverage
This year's Red Hat 2008 Summit took place in Boston June 18-20 and boasted more than 100 sessions and featured more than 1,200 attendees. Check out SearchEnterpriseLinux.com's nonstop coverage of news, sessions and product announcements.
- June 05, 2008
05 Jun'08
Open source Astaro security appliance installed at insurance company
Astaro's open source security appliance has saved money, space and energy -- and offered better performance -- at Underwriters Safety & Claims.
Sponsored News
Improving and Accelerating DevOps Through Convergence
Sponsored by Dell - In today's business environment, software has become a critical differentiator in determining business success. A recent article in Harvard Business Review postulates that every business is a competitor on a software playing field, no matter what sector it is in. See More
The Benefits of Deduplication for Tier-1 Applications
Sponsored by SimpliVity - Databases like SQL Server and Oracle are very dependent on disk storage, and database performance is tightly coupled to storage performance. There is often blanket guidance about storage array features to enable or disable. For example, most database tuning guides recommend disabling deduplication on the database storage. See More
Scale-Out Storage Simplifies Planning
Sponsored by SolidFire - "Never run out of disk space" became the storage administrator's prime directive because of the big difference between storage and the rest of an organization's IT infrastructure. When the network guys slightly underestimate the bandwidth they'll need to provide, the network gets congested and applications slow down. Similarly, if the server crew ends up running a few too many VMs on too few hosts, the VMs run slower. See More
Virtual Server Performance – Why Solid-State Storage Isn't Enough
Sponsored by SolidFire - When a host server fails to deliver a sufficient level of IOPS, the solution is often to invest in solid-state storage. As many organizations have discovered, however, solid-state storage is a costly solution that may only temporarily correct the problem. Like any other storage technology, there is a limit to the number of IOPS that solid-state storage can deliver, and it is often only a matter of time before this limit is reached and the performance problems return. See More
- June 03, 2008
03 Jun'08
NYSE builds global trading platform on Red Hat Linux
The New York Stock Exchange has standardized on Red Hat Enterprise Linux for its upcoming global trading platform and to speed its ever-increasing volume of transactions.
- May 28, 2008
28 May'08
Nonprofit chooses Ubuntu for servers, OpenOffice for desktops
After opting for Ubuntu and other open source products to handle its data and communications, an archaeology firm deems the choice less costly and more flexible -- and the work more manageable.
- May 28, 2008
28 May'08
Oracle Enterprise Linux displaces Red Hat at publishing company
In its migration from Red Hat Enterprise Linux to Oracle Enterprise Linux, the magazine publisher Bonnier Corp. has streamlined support at lower cost.
- May 21, 2008
21 May'08
Red Hat debuts 5.2 version; Novell issues service pack
Red Hat has released RHEL 5.2 with improved virtualization and clustering. Meanwhile, Novell has issued its service pack for SUSE Linux with greater interoperability.
- May 21, 2008
21 May'08
Novell SUSE Linux price cut may target Red Hat's mainframe aspirations
Novell's recent price cut for SUSE Linux Enterprise for System z mainframes signals a move to forestall Red Hat from gaining a toehold in the mainframe market, says an analyst.
- May 16, 2008
16 May'08
Novell extends interoperability with Microsoft
Novell will create open source extensions to Microsoft, and mixed shops stand to benefit. But Red Hat may lose out, as Novell outpaces Red Hat's interoperability efforts.
- May 15, 2008
15 May'08
Linux shop adds Solaris for performance boost
The die-hard Linux shop Real Time Matrix made an unexpected defection to Solaris 10 to beef up its processing power.
- May 07, 2008
07 May'08
Sun gives OpenSolaris commercial support for first time
Sun Microsystems has launched OpenSolaris, a free operating system, with ZFS file backup and other features to make it easier to modify and test software.
- May 06, 2008
06 May'08
Red Hat gives JBoss stronger network management capabilities
Red Hat has launched JBoss Operations Network 2.0, which enables data centers to manage, monitor and upgrade hundreds of computers from a single console.
- May 02, 2008
02 May'08
Windows Server 2008 has slim lead over Ubuntu in power test
Windows Server 2008 has a slim lead over Ubuntu in one power consumption test, but differences among operating systems make true comparison difficult, vendors say.


text:
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Model wears catsuit, £690, organza shirt, £510, parasol, £290, all from Valentino. Faux pearl and rhinestone necklace, £178 at Butler & Wilson and cork-soled clogs, £45 from Shelleys. Hair: Orlando Pita at Bumble & Bumble, NYC. Make-up: Lesley Chilkes.


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Marlos Moreno set to join Manchester City - Colombia Olympic coach
Marlos Moreno's move to Manchester City appears to have been confirmed by Colombia's Olympic team coach.
Atletico Nacional forward Moreno had been expected to be part of the Colombia squad for the Rio de Janeiro Olympics in August, but coach Carlos Restrepo said on Thursday that the 19-year-old was set to complete a move to City and would not be given permission to play in the tournament.
"Marlos is going to Manchester and Manchester will not let him play," he told a news conference.
City have not...


text:
Email this article from PlasticsNews.com
Uponor-KWH deal to have no impact on N. American units
APPLE VALLEY, MINN. (Updated Sept. 25, 1:15 p.m. ET) — A proposed merger of two plastic pipe majors' infrastructure businesses will have negligible impact on their North American operations, according to an official. Uponor Corp. and KWH Group Ltd. plan to form a joint venture that combines their global infrastructure pipe systems businesses, which have been hit by a slowdown as a result of the recession.
More Events > Upcoming Events
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Pretium Packaging buys Custom Blow Molding
NEWS Wednesday, July 27
PolyOne buying two businesses, creating Advanced Composites platform
NEWS Wednesday, July 27
Plastics News Now: Covestro pushes new boundaries on 'flying laboratory'
MULTIMEDIA01 Thursday, July 28
PE pipe making potable inroads
NEWS Wednesday, July 27
C3 wants to add jobs and recycling in Flint, Mich.
NEWS Thursday, July 28


text:
- Anonym
- Tyskland, Par, 31-40
- Begynder-nomade
- 5 Bedømmelser
Nice place for a business trip or whenever you want to go out & explore Eindhoven. Our room was nothing crazy in terms of beauty & charm, but functional & good. So was the rest of the house.
- Anonym
- Tyskland, Mand, 18-24
- Begynder-nomade
- 1 Recensie
Nice Hosts, interesting guests and really close to the city (20 min walk or just take a bus). Would go there again, rooms are very basic but clean, perfect.
Hostelworlds mobilapps
Bestil, mens du er på farten, med de nye Hostelworld mobil-apps.


text: Halliburton Company ( HAL) pushed the Energy industry higher today making it today's featured energy winner. The industry as a whole closed the day up 0.5%. By the end of trading, Halliburton Company rose 98 cents (3%) to $34.22 on average volume. Throughout the day, 13.9 million shares of Halliburton Company exchanged hands as compared to its average daily volume of 14.9 million shares. The stock ranged in a price between $33.10-$34.23 after having opened the day at $33.10 as compared to the previous trading day's close of $33.24. Other companies within the Energy industry that increased today were: Sunoco ( SUN), up 20.5%, TGC Industries ( TGE), up 14%, GeoMet ( GMET), up 12.7%, and PostRock Energy ( PSTR), up 10.4%. Halliburton Company provides various products and services to the energy industry for exploring, developing, and producing oil and natural gas worldwide. It operates in two segments, Completion and Production, and Drilling and Evaluation. Halliburton Company has a market cap of $30.87 billion and is part of the basic materials sector. Currently there are 22 analysts that rate Halliburton Company a buy, no analysts rate it a sell, and four rate it a hold. TheStreet Ratings rates Halliburton Company as a buy. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its robust revenue growth, largely solid financial position with reasonable debt levels by most measures, notable return on equity, attractive valuation levels and good cash flow from operations. We feel these strengths outweigh the fact that the company shows low profit margins. You can view the full Halliburton Ratings Report. On the negative front, GeoPetro Resources Company ( GPR), down 19.6%, Houston American Energy Corporation ( HUSA), down 11.5%, Arabian American Development Company ( ARSD), down 10.3%, and U.S. Energy ( USEG), down 6.1%, were all losers within the energy industry with Anadarko Petroleum ( APC) being today's energy industry loser. Use our energy section to find industry-relevant news. Or find some new ideas from our top rated stocks lists. For investors not wanting singular stock exposure, ETFs may be of interest. Investors who are bullish on the energy industry could consider Energy Select Sector SPDR ( XLE) while those bearish on the energy industry could consider Proshares Short Oil & Gas ( DDG). Find other investment ideas from our top rated ETFs lists.


text:
Basic presents Dave Clarke photo gallery
Cheyenne Bosco
$20.001st release
$25.002nd release
$30.003rd release
$35.004th release
Dave Clarke, Sleepy & Boo, opening set by Tano
It's been years and years in the making but it's finally happening - NYC get ready for the long-awaited and much-overdue return of DAVE CLARKE! The "baron of techno", the "White Noise" host, and the producer of the legendary RED series, Dave is easily one of the world's most celebrated DJs and we're honored to welcome him to (le) Poisson Rouge. This is techno served up hard, uncompromising, and strictly underground - do not miss this night.
Hosted by MARIA 909 + TED E
This is a BLACK AND WHITE party - so wear black + white attire!
Limited presale tickets are recommended - get yours now:
Resident Advisor: http://www.residentadvisor.net/event.aspx?361076
For limited table reservations - email@example.com
Cheyenne Bosco
Fri, 29 Jul 2016
146 Attending
Secret Brooklyn Location TBA
Sat, 30 Jul 2016
263 Attending
Sat, 30 Jul 2016
187 Attending
Sat, 30 Jul 2016
185 Attending
World Yacht - Pier 81
Sat, 30 Jul 2016
134 Attending
Sun, 31 Jul 2016
170 Attending
Sat, 20 Aug 2016
202 Attending
TBA - New York
Thu, 1 Sep 2016
162 Attending


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New York Luxury Homes and villas
New York Luxury Property Search
'The Big Apple' is located where the Hudson River meets the Atlantic Ocean, on the East Coast of the United States.
New York is often referred to as the city that never sleeps, with a subway that runs 24/7 and bar and restaurants right around the clock.
New York City is made up of five boroughs; Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. These are home to some of the most iconic sites in the world including the Statue of Liberty, Times Square, the Empire State Building and Central Park.
The NYC skyline is instantly recognisable worldwide and Manhattan, the most densely populated of the boroughs, packs more famous icons into one compact area than any other place on Earth. As a result it has been the setting for many popular TV shows and movies and the most sought-after properties look out onto this.
New York is home to 95 billionaires and has been referred to as the 'billionaire capital'. It also ranks third in the world for the highest residential real estate prices per square foot.
Across New York's boroughs, the top 10 most expensive listings are clustered in the island of Manhattan, where condos sell for $100 million and townhouses for as much as $120 million.
A new triplex penthouse, for example, is the "highest terraced residence in the United States" with a price tag of about $100 million. Each of its three levels have 360-degree views of the surrounding city and a private elevator takes you straight up to the 8,000-square-foot penthouse.
Featured News
Domed penthouse in Police Building hits the market at $35 Million
The apartment that contains the elaborate domed clock tower atop the former New York City Police Headquarters has cut its price 12% to $35 million.
Significant Sales: Volume 2 2015
The latest issue of Significant Sales features top sales from around the world beginning with a captivating penthouse in New York.
NYC luxury market sees world's greatest price surge
New York's luxury property market was on fire in 2014, with high-end home prices registering the biggest gains globally, according to Knight Frank.
Zillow Group to Acquire Naked Apartments
Zillow Group is growing its operations in New York City with the acquisition of Naked Apartments, which bills itself as "New York City's largest rentals-only platform."
Breathtaking City Views
The approximately 11' floor-to-ceiling windows bring spectacular views into your home from the west over the Hudson River, south to the Freedom Tower and iconic city views from the east exposure.
Modern Hamptons Home Sells for $20 Million
A Hamptons home designed by the late modernist architect Charles Gwathmey has sold for $20 million, according to the Corcoran Group, the brokerage that handled the sale.


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previous owners got him from a college riding program that was closing down, there he was used for eventing$1,000
Coal Miner is a super flashy well broke 9yr old gelding with lots of trail experience and works$3,500
structure, very kind eye, and willing temperament. Ready to start your way. Catches and loads well$2,000
is a Padrons Psyche granddaughter. This guy is flashy, friendly, curious and easy going. Completely tame$1,500
to cattle and they did not bother him at all, and is pretty enough to halter. He has an outstanding$15,000
Encore is a 15 yr old Ottb . 15.3 hands dark bay. Is currently being used in a lesson program he$4,500
in Florida. Easy to be around, rides quiet out, knows his leads, nice trot. 100 sound, Stands for farrier$2,250


text:
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Don't stress... It's free and easy to setup.
The Hillsborough Terriers girls basketball team won Tuesday's away non-conference game against Wharton by a score of 61-23.
The Lady Terriers jump out early with their stifling full court press and had a 16-5 lead after the first quarter.
The Lady Terriers picked it up and went to another level with a full court man-to-man trap and outscored Wharton 19-6.
Nothing changed after halftime. Hillsborough was still in the swing of things and came out on fire. This resulted in a 20-8 third quarter. By them being on fire, a running clock was instituted toward the end of the quarter.
Running clock kept this quarter close as Hillsborough outscored Wharton 6-4 but in the end, Hillsborough Lady Terriers was victorious 61-23.


text:
Linux Journal Contents #33, January 1997
Let Linux Speak
by David Sugar
How an ad for a speech synthesizer led to the the development of a speech server under Linux.
Booting Linux from EPROM
by Dave Bennett
A quick look at making Linux bootable from EPROM on a 486single board computer.
Using Linux with Programmable Logic Controllers
by J.P.G. Quintana
Combining programmable logic controllers with linux can be acost-effective and robust method for providing specializedcontrol systems.
News & Articles
Disk Maintenance under Linux (Disk Recovery)
by David A Bandel
Satellite Tracking with Linux
by Kenneth E Harker
Free SCO OpenServer Has Its Place
by Evan Leibovitch
Caldera's Bryan Sparks
by Phil Hughes
Product Review Netactive SynergieServer Pro
by Jonathan Gross
Java and Client-Server
by Joe Novosel
At the Forge CGI Programming
by Reuven Lerner
Take Command
by Greg Roelofs
New Products
Linux Gazette
Two Cent Tips
by Marjorie Richardson
Trending Topics
Practical Task Scheduling Deployment
On Demand
One of the best things about the UNIX environment (aside from being stable and efficient) is the vast array of software tools available to help you do your job. Traditionally, a UNIX tool does only one thing, but does that one thing very well. For example, grep is very easy to use and can search vast amounts of data quickly. The find tool can find a particular file or files based on all kinds of criteria. It's pretty easy to string these tools together to build even more powerful tools, such as a tool that finds all of the .log files in the /home directory and searches each one for a particular entry. This erector-set mentality allows UNIX system administrators to seem to always have the right tool for the job.
Cron traditionally has been considered another such a tool for job scheduling, but is it enough? This webinar considers that very question. The first part builds on a previous Geek Guide, Beyond Cron, and briefly describes how to know when it might be time to consider upgrading your job scheduling infrastructure. The second part presents an actual planning and implementation framework.
Join Linux Journal's Mike Diehl and Pat Cameron of Help Systems.
Free to Linux Journal readers.View Now!
|The Firebird Project's Firebird Relational Database
|Jul 29, 2016
|Stunnel Security for Oracle
|Jul 28, 2016
|SUSE LLC's SUSE Manager
|Jul 21, 2016
|My +1 Sword of Productivity
|Jul 20, 2016
|Non-Linux FOSS: Caffeine!
|Jul 19, 2016
|Murat Yener and Onur Dundar's Expert Android Studio (Wrox)
|Jul 18, 2016
- Stunnel Security for Oracle
- The Firebird Project's Firebird Relational Database
- SUSE LLC's SUSE Manager
- Murat Yener and Onur Dundar's Expert Android Studio (Wrox)
- Managing Linux Using Puppet
- My +1 Sword of Productivity
- Non-Linux FOSS: Caffeine!
- Google's SwiftShader Released
- SuperTuxKart 0.9.2 Released
- Doing for User Space What We Did for Kernel Space
Geek Guides
With all the industry talk about the benefits of Linux on Power and all the performance advantages offered by its open architecture, you may be considering a move in that direction. If you are thinking about analytics, big data and cloud computing, you would be right to evaluate Power. The idea of using commodity x86 hardware and replacing it every three years is an outdated cost model. It doesn't consider the total cost of ownership, and it doesn't consider the advantage of real processing power, high-availability and multithreading like a demon.
This ebook takes a look at some of the practical applications of the Linux on Power platform and ways you might bring all the performance power of this open architecture to bear for your organization. There are no smoke and mirrors here—just hard, cold, empirical evidence provided by independent sources. I also consider some innovative ways Linux on Power will be used in the future.Get the Guide


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Duggan shot 'in self defence'
An inquest has heard how the police marksman who shot Mark Duggan claimed he acted in self-defence because he thought Mr Duggan was brandishing a gun.
An inquest has heard how the police marksman who shot Mark Duggan claimed he acted in self-defence because he thought Mr Duggan was brandishing a gun.
Jurors at the inquest into the death of Mark Duggan have been told they are on a "quest to find the truth" over whether the father-of-four was lawfully killed when he was shot by armed police, sparking a wave of riots across the country.
More than two years after the 29-year-old died, the full inquest into his death at the hands of Scotland Yard marksmen began at the Royal Courts of Justice today.
Mr Duggan was shot by police who stopped the taxi in which he was travelling in Tottenham in August 2011.
The coroner, Judge Keith Cutler, told the jury: "It is a quest to find the truth. This may sound rather grand but it is in fact an important task and one which may take us a little time."
Several relatives and loved ones of Mr Duggan attended the hearing, and his mother, Pamela Duggan, left in tears during the afternoon session.
Judge Cutler said: "To acknowledge the grief of those family and friends and to respect that loss we will together just have some moments of silence as we sit here to recognise the seriousness of the hearing for which we are about to undertake."
Earlier a list of witnesses was read to the panel, including Kevin Hutchinson-Foster, who was convicted of supplying a gun to Mr Duggan.
The 11 jurors are due to visit the area where Mr Duggan died on Thursday.
Protestors angry about an immigration raid at Byron burger earlier this week reacted by launching hundreds of insects into the restaurant
The author of the beloved children's books series said it felt 'wonderful' to launch the stage play on the West End
Crew members of the IchorCoal paid tribute to two sailors who died during the 11-month circumnavigation of the globe.


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Today Kshitij, an aggregation of equally stupid minded fellows is happening in our college, with a record accumulation of sponsors and money being thrown down the drain. It is the tech-fest of our college. Yes, I am participating, but in just one event, Ataxia, that too because Loadu (Swarnavo Sarkar) forced me to. He was one short of a team member. Funny to think of it, our Ataxia team is the same group of guys in Electronics lab first year. Me, loadu and Sovik Kumar Nath.
A couple of important things happened today. Well, I woke up a 8:20, which is a perfectly reasonable (hoo-haa in fact) on a Saturday, thinking that Soumitra will come to discuss the Quine McCluskey Algorithm. What I had forgotten was that we had decided to go to Gol-bazaar to get ourselves some of the amazing digital chips we found in digi lab.
We went to Tech-Market, Soumitra and I. We found our marked out shop closed, so we had a sweet and Soumitra was wanting to withdraw money from the bank which had not yet opened. S we went (on my suggestion) to these couple of shops on the outward side of the market, and viola- an electronics shop. We got a huge number of IC's. Now, that is quite all right but what matters to me is that the shopkeeper was so patronizing and skilful that I am afraid that we must have ended up paying more. Anyway, we got our chips and the load isn't much since there are two of us in this, and the finance is shared.
Now that I have made a clean breast of it, I feel better, but I know that I will start feeling guilty again once I have to go to the shop to pick up the power supply. And pay the rest of the money.
The other thing that has happened today that I wrote much of the program I was writing about the QuineMcCluskey algorithm that was given as assignment. Just the last bit of fine minimizing is left, the major part is done. I hope I will be able to finish it before I go to sleep.
Rudrajit, my roommate is at Kolkata today for the bookfair. I didn't go to the bookfair this year. Father is at Aizawl. That's why.
Tushar-da's marriage is coming up.
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By Sushovan De – January 08, 2011Step 1: Use the Birthday Exporter facebook app http://apps.facebook.com/ical_exporter/ Step 2: Save the ICS file that it generates Step 3: Open up the ICS file in a text editor. Preferably one that can record macros. To each VEVENT entry in the ICS file (demarcated by BEGIN:VEVENT and END:VEVENT ) add the following two tags: X-MICROSOFT-CDO-BUSYSTATUS:FREE TRANSP:TRANSPARENT Step 4: Go to the Windows Live Calendar that is linked to your Windows Phone account. Click on "Subscribe", click "Import from an ICS file" and then import the file into your calendar. Step 5: Wait a while. Your calendar on the phone will reflect the new entries shortly Note 1: Step 3 is important, otherwise you will be shown as busy on the calendar, and windows phone will report conflicts on the calendar (shown with two arrows pointing towards each other diagonally) Note 2: Currently windows phone only syncs the primary calendar of the live id. If you don't want to mess up the primary calendar, create a
By Sushovan De – June 09, 2011So Google has recently publicized the "+1" button for websites, which "competes" [1] with the Facebook [Like] button and the Twitter tweet button. This is a much more worrisome phenomenon than we give it credit for. Notice how the Facebook like button is instantly able to tell you which of your friends have liked that page? That is because Facebook is able to correlate your Facebook login with every page you visit. In order to see if any of your friends have liked that page, Facebook has to correlate the URL to your friend list. So even if you haven't clicked [Like], even if none of your friends have clicked [Like], just to be sure of that fact, Facebook will send the URL and your Facebook login to its servers, building up your entire browsing history. And now Google has done it. Twitter did it even before Facebook. I implore you, do not let these corporations track you everywhere you go. This will only end badly. Fortunately there is an easy fix. Add
By Sushovan De – March 03, 2012Update: The VS 2012 Color Theme editor has a lot more options and subsumes the functionality of this settings file. Check it out! ——————————————— Visual Studio 11 comes in two themes: dark and light. I like how the code looks in the dark theme (since it is easy on the eyes), but I like how the menus and toolbars look in the light theme (the buttons look sufficiently different from each other.) So if you want to use the colors and fonts of the dark theme with the light theme UI, you would think you could just export out the fonts, change the theme, and import them back in. However, this has the bizarre side effect of causing all the fonts to become bold. So I went into the theme file and manually changed all the BoldFont="Yes" invocations, and finally I have a theme I like. You can download this settings file if you like, it has only the Fonts and Colors, so it should not mess up any of your other settings. Download Visual Studio 11 Dark Fonts and colors settings fi


text:
The Widow's Golden Weeds
by Ann Morven
Smashwords Edition 2009
© copyright Darling Newspaper Press (1971).
PO box 176, Kalamunda, Western Australia 6926.
Smashwords edition licence notes: This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be resold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each person you share it with. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or if it was not purchased for your use only, then you should return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.Smashwords Edition
MARJORIE, content in the autumn of her years, was watering her garden, and therefore did not notice the advancing threat.
With her head down, enjoying the smell of wet earth, her eyes were fixed on the fan of spray from the hose she held. The water mingled silver with gold as it met the sunlight. Instinct told her to look up, but too late.
Confronting her stood Mr Grimblow from next door, fourth time since Sunday. Today, abandoning his ritual of growling from the fence, he had stepped over it. Definitely an invasion.
Fierce of face and breathing hard, he grumped at her. "Ha, caught you!"
Marjorie tried to reply with a firm stare, but found her eyes in retreat. Her new neighbour was altogether intimidating, no sight for the timid. Nevertheless, she spoke up in her usual placid manner.


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Keep track of the time and date with this multi-function alarm clock from Elgin. Its triple display lets you see at a glance the current time, the current date and the time the alarm will go off. With its large Arabic numbers backlit in green, this hardworking clock is easy to read, even in the dark.
Features: Alarm, Dual time display, Calendar
Frame Material: Plastic
Clock Face Material: Plastic
Surface Cover Material: Plastic
Frame Color: Gray
Clock Face Color: Green
Hour Marker: Arabic Numbers
Dimensions: 3.750 H x 2.630 W x 6.000 D
Warranty Description: 1 Year Limited Manufacturer Warranty
Battery: required, not included: 3 alkaline AA
Home Placement: tabletop
other Info.
Warranty Information
To obtain a copy of the manufacturer's warranty for this item, please call Target Guest Services at 1-800-591-3869.
- Online Item #: 14246406
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 074-10-0646
- Imported


text:
Game Details - Hooten's Kickoff Classic
The Hamburg Lions football team has a neutral non-conference game vs. England on Tuesday, August 30 @ 5:30p.
MaxPreps is looking for one person to be the Official Scorer! This person will provide LIVE play-by-play for fans to follow along during the game.
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10 total votes
#43 highest rated DS role-playing game (#432 on DS, #5641 overall)
50% of 6 total votes
#25 hardest DS role-playing game (#238 on DS, #7303 overall)
4 total votes
40% of 10 total votes
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