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|Erik Hatcher <e...@ehatchersolutions.com>
|Re: solving reload
|Wed, 30 Mar 2005 01:02:15 GMT
On Mar 29, 2005, at 6:54 PM, Jamie Orchard-Hays wrote: > Right, that seems like the main stumbling block. I know Erik's been > messing with this a bit. > > Erik, didn't you write some sort of custom component recently to deal > with this? Didn't read all of the posts from me recently, eh?! :) Yes, I have a custom service and link that redirect after invoking a listener method. It's basically a replacement for DirectLink. At the moment it only redirects to the page (as a PageLink), so there is no parameter handling. I will, when my application demands it, extend this so that parameters can be passed, and perhaps even specify the page. The parameters would be passed in the URL like an ExternalLink (or a custom one that names the parameters is more likely). As Howard mentioned, this has some disadvantages, such as state being lost unless it is passed on the URL. For example, if you do a redirect after a form submit you wouldn't be able to (easily) show all the validation errors as that information is transient for the lifetime of the request. I'm not completely satisfied with what I've create thus far - the main negative at the moment is that it doesn't work with @Form (and maybe it shouldn't for the reason given above) - or at least it might need to be smart and not redirect if there are validation errors. If you have some ideas on how to make this more built-in, I'm all ears! Erik > > Jamie > > Howard Lewis Ship wrote: > >> The only reason Tapestry doesn't do this today, because it is >> desirable, is because you often need some transient data that will be >> lost between requests. >> >> I'm seeing this with the JSR-168 stuff which strongly enforces this >> pattern ... you start having to make more properties persistent. >> >> >> On Tue, 29 Mar 2005 18:48:04 -0500, Jamie Orchard-Hays >> <email@example.com> wrote: >> >>> My basic thought is that it shouldn't be a pattern. It should be >>> built in. >>> >>> Jamie >>> >>> Mark Stang wrote: >>> >>> >>>> Which is similar to this: >>>> >>>> http://www.theserverside.com/articles/article.tss? >>>> l=RedirectAfterPost >>>> >>>> I read through the article, but haven't analyzed it in detail. >>>> >>>> regards, >>>> >>>> Mark >>>> >>>> >>>> -----Original Message----- >>>> From: Jamie Orchard-Hays [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] >>>> Sent: Tue 3/29/2005 4:09 PM >>>> To: Tapestry development >>>> Subject: solving reload >>>> >>>> I came across this article today comparing WEE and Rails and thought >>>> this would be food for thought here: >>>> >>>> Imagine you look at a simple Wee application which displays an HTML >>>> anchor tag. If you click on that anchor, you'll trigger an /action >>>> phase/, which eventually will find the registered callback >>>> associated >>>> with the anchor you have clicked on and invokes it. At the end of >>>> the >>>> /action phase/, Wee will forward you to a new (automatically >>>> generated) >>>> URL, which when requested by your browser, will trigger the /render >>>> phase/. This in turn renders the whole component tree. "Why >>>> redirect", >>>> you might ask. Well, this simply avoids that the same callback will >>>> be >>>> invoked again if you hit your browsers reload button. Whenever you >>>> hit >>>> on reload, this will only trigger a /render phase/ event. >>>> >>>> From: >>>> http://www.artima.com/forums/flat.jsp?forum=123&thread=96454 >>>> >>>> This would certainly be desirable behavior in Tapestry. I know >>>> there was >>>> some recent discussion about this, though I was a bit out of things >>>> for >>>> the past few weeks. >>>> >>>> Thoughts? >>>> >>>> Jamie >>>> >>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------- >>>> - >>>> To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com >>>> For additional commands, e-mail: >>>> email@example.com >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> --------------------------------------------------------------------- >>> To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com >>> For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com >>> >>> >>> >> >> >> > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com > For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
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LinuxFest Northwest 2005: Wrap-Up Report
LinuxFest Northwest is a non-commercial one-day conference and exhibition of open-source technology with an emphasis on Linux. It is held in the city of Bellingham, Washington, which is about 90 miles north of Seattle and about 20 miles south of the Canadian border. It is run by the Bellingham Linux Users Group (BLUG) with the help of other users groups. Admission is free and open to all.
LinuxFest Northwest 2005 was held on April 30, 2005, at the Bellingham Technical College (BTC). Helping BLUG were the Tacoma LUG (TACLUG), Kitsap Peninsula LUG (KPLUG), Greater Seattle LUG (GSLUG), Victoria LUG (VLUG), Vancouver LUG (VanLUG) and Seattle BSD Users Group (SeaBUG). An estimated 1,000 people attended.
BTC is a great place to hold a conference such as this. The presentations were held in classrooms, so there was ample seating and it was easy to hear the presenters talking. The BTC Chefs Club prepared a grilled salmon lunch outdoors on a barbecue and indoors served espresso drinks from an espresso bar.
Over 40 presentations were on the schedule, and it was an impressive lineup for a users' group conference.
I started off my day by attending Carl B. Constantine's presentation "Programming with Anjuta". He did a great job of showing exactly how slick Anjuta is, and he really made me want to try it out.
While I was attending the Anjuta presentation, George Dyson was giving a presentation titled "Von Neumann's Universe". A friend of mine attended and told me later how much he enjoyed it. It was a fascinating discussion of the history of how Von Neumann and his group invented stored program digital computers. The presentation was peppered with many cool tidbits of history--for example, the very first computer hackers also consumed large quantities of coffee and tea. I performed a Web search and found that a streamed recording of this lecture, recorded at the O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference in March 2005, is available. There even is a PDF available of all the slides that accompany the presentation. It's definitely worth your time to download the recording and the PDF.
After Constantine's presentation ended, I checked out the exhibits area and bought some raffle tickets. The exhibits area included several server hosting services and ISPs, several users groups and representatives from several free software projects. Google had a booth with recruiters, as did Volt Technical Resources. Pogo Linux was showing off some amazing computers. There was plenty to see, but time was short and I had another presentation to attend.
Next, I was off to Chuck Gray's presentation "Impact of Linux". Chuck Gray works for IBM and has given similar presentations to companies considering adopting Linux. IBM, he told us, has invested over $6 billion in open-source software already and is continuing to invest more. He discussed the history of Linux and explained why Linux is ready for enterprise use despite its nontraditional development model. The estimated value of all the code contributed to the Linux kernel is $2 billion, while a proprietary software company is unlikely to spend more than $100 million per year. Proprietary software, therefore, will have to fight to keep up with open-source software, not the other way around. And the Linux kernel is well-written; he showed metrics demonstrating that Linux has fewer errors per line of code than the industry norm.
After lunch I attended Chris DiBona's presentation "Google Open Source Update". Chris DiBona, formerly a Slashdot editor, now is the Open Source Program Manager at Google. He started out apologizing for having brought a Windows laptop--it wasn't his fault--then noted that one isn't supposed to start a presentation with an apology and apologized for doing so. His lecture was full of funny moments such as this, which made it even more entertaining, but the substance of his talk also was extremely interesting. He explained the history of Google, how it grew from a handful of workstations at Stanford to the powerhouse it is now. He also explained how Google relates to the Free Software community. He gently deflected questions about how PageRank works: "I don't know that, and if I did know I wouldn't be allowed to tell you." He also explained why some Google technology simply is not worth releasing. For example, some of their software is simply too Google-specific to be useful to anyone else; how many organizations have 10,000 servers? If I ever get another chance to hear Chris DiBona speak--on any topic--I'm going.
After his presentation, Chris DiBona spared a few minutes for a quick interview. "I really enjoy LUG shows", he told me. "I used to be the president of SVLUG. I think that shows like this are great examples of what groups can do when they put their minds to it."
At 2:30 PM I had to choose between attending the Real Networks presentation on Helix, Jarod Wilson's presentation on MythTV, Novell's presentation on Novell Linux and so on. In fact, I was interested in every one of the 11 presentations scheduled for that time.
The one I actually attended was Chuck Wolber's Alpha Geek contest. Acting as the emcee, Chuck Wolber quizzed the contestants on computer and sci-fi trivia, gradually eliminating them until only one contestant was left. The questions covered Star Trek, Star Wars, The Matrix, Snow Crash and computer technology. As promised, the audience really did get into the show, shouting out joke answers:
Q: In the first few seasons of Star Trek: Voyager, who were the main enemies?
A: (from Chris DiBona) The writers?
In case you were wondering, the correct answer is the Kazon.
At 4:00 I went back to the Exhibits area for the raffle. Thousands of dollars worth of prizes were raffled off; alas, none of my tickets was a winner. Most of the prizes were technical books, but there also was clothing, computer accessories, some vouchers good for computer classes and prizes for free Web hosting services for periods of up to a year.
Afterwards, several parties were held, but I was unable to attend them.
I had a great time attending LinuxFest Northwest 2005. Kudos to all the volunteers who worked hard to make it happen.
BLUG already has started to plan next year's LinuxFest. If you want to volunteer to help out, send email to email@example.com.
I look forward to attending LinuxFest Northwest 2006! And, I'll be bringing my laptop next year, too, as all around LinuxFest I saw posters advertising a Wi-Fi network on-site.
Steve R. Hastings first used UNIX on actual paper teletypes. He enjoys bicycling with his wife, listening to music, petting his cat and making his Linux computers do new things.
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Aren't those Tuesdays? Not a problem, though; 30th (and I'll actually show!)
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The Motley Fool Discussion Boards
|Previous Page
Investing/Strategies / Bonds & Fixed Income Investments
|Subject: Why I Buy Bonds
|Date: 12/4/2012 2:52 PM
|Author: trader2012
|Number: 34544 of 35877
The following post is as good a reason as any as to why I buy bonds.
Yes, on an absolute-returns basis, stocks --on average-- can be expected to offer greater reward, because they carry far, far, far, far greater risks. And even when you do a genuine, heads-to-heads, apples-to-apples comparison --such as buying both the debt and the common of the same issuer, and then enter and exit on the same dates-- stocks will offer larger money, because bonds are puts, and that insurance function has to be paid for. Anecdotally, I've found that the absolute-returns advantage (the "spread", if you will) of owing the common versus the debt of the same issuer was about 3.5x. But, also, that was during conditions of rising stock prices. These days, with a broad-market correction --if not a crash-- quite immanent, the spread has probably lessened. So I decided to run the numbers.
Back during what is mistaken called "The Great Recession", but which was merely a cyclical correction, asset prices fell almost across the board. No one could have known that prices wouldn't fall further, and they should have been let fall further instead of the Treasury's Plunge Protection Team stepping in and the Fed/Treasury cartel bailing out their Wall Street buddies. But falling prices were creating what a value-investor might have considered to be Ben Graham's "a sufficient discount to intrinsic-value to create a margin of safety", and he or she should have done some buying. Not a lot, but some, or else they couldn't in good conscience have called themselves a 'value-investor'.
In those conditions, and in that frame of mind, I got my butt back into the value game in early 2009, and I began buying. Not big, but widely, and one of the positions I put on was E*Trade's 7-7/8's of '15 at 48 (all-in). Yesterday, the bond was called at par, meaning, I made decent money. But would I have done better if I had bought the common instead? The Motley Fool's stock touts would reflexively say "Yes", that stocks are what those who want to appreciate their capital should be buying. But if you want to appreciate capital, you buy 'risk', and it don't make no difference where that risk is found, as long as, (1) you can price it properly and, (2) buy it advantageously.
E*Trade's common pays no dividend. So setting up a head-to-heads, apples-to-apples comparison between the gains/losses to be made by owning the common versus the debt is very straight-forward. I put on my bond position on April 21,


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Valentia Pollard's comment, September 4, 2012 7:15 PM
The fact that over 1 billion Muslims take part in Ramadan is incredible. My dad is apart of Ramadan and was telling me all about it. Its amazing how dedicated they are to their religion.
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It's amazing that so many people can be so dedicated to their religion, even if it means fasting for such a long period of time.
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Any day that dirtbag Clayton Lockett has died is a good day. So I fail to understand the claim that his execution was "botched." I'm a firm believer that any killer put to death ought to get the same method employed on his victim, which in this case would be pretty gruesome and unspeakable. What I can't figure out, with all the questions about the lethal injection drugs, is why someone can't just find a rope and a tree.
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Thomson Reuters to Retire 3000 Xtra
Thomson Reuters has notified customers that it plans to withdraw support for its Reuters 3000 Xtra legacy market data desktop terminal after Dec. 31, 2013, and has begun the process of decommissioning the platform's corresponding services and local delivery infrastructure.
Thomson Reuters announced in July last year that it was halting new sales of the product in favor of its next generation desktop terminal Eikon—although at the time, existing 3000 Xtra clients could continue adding to their existing subscriptions. However, according to correspondence from Thomson Reuters, the vendor is now fully withdrawing the product and decommissioning supporting services, resulting...
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SCI names new CEO, while the Louisiana governor appoints commissioner to the Port of New Orleans board.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 8, 1994
|Filing date
|Feb 26, 1993
|Priority date
|Aug 23, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Henry W. Yang
|Original Assignee
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (23), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 749,095, filed Aug. 23, 1991, abandoned.
This invention relates to acrylic copolymers, and more particularly to pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) compositions based on acrylic copolymers having a broad molecular weight distribution to enhance their adhesive performance.
According to the "Glossary of Terms Used in the Pressure Sensitive Tape Industry," a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) is a material which is aggressively and permanently tacky, adheres without the need of more than finger pressure, exerts a strong holding force, and has sufficient cohesiveness and elasticity that it can be removed from substrates without leaving a residue.
Low Tg acrylic copolymers are being used as PSAs. Such copolymers have usually been prepared by emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomer mixtures through free radical initiation. Copolymers made by this process usually have molecular weight distributions, Mw /Mn, in the range of 2-4 as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). While the resulting adhesive is often satisfactory to obtain certain properties, such as tackiness and peel strength on substrates such as polyester or stainless steel, certain properties are generally found to be deficient, particularly the holding power on these same substrates. Previously, increasing the peel strength of acrylic copolymers to a value greater than 2.0 pounds per inch generally caused the holding power (1 kg over one inch square on stainless steel) to diminish to below 40 hours. Attempts to increase the holding power to over 40 hours, however, resulted in a peel strength lower than 2.0 pounds per inch. In practical applications, it is desirable to maintain a high holding power while improving the peel strength, particularly when the PSA is to be used to prepare an adhesive tape.
Various polymerization techniques have been attempted to prepare satisfactory acrylic polymer emulsions. For example, in Japanese Patent J-51125472, a petroleum resin emulsion is obtained by polymerizing vinyl monomers in the presence of petroleum resins having softening points of from 40° to 160° C., an average molecular weight of 300 to 3000, and an acid value and saponification value of less than 1. The monomers include, for example, alkyl (meth)acrylates, vinyl acetates, vinyl chlorides, styrene, acrylonitrile, and acrylic acid. The emulsified mixture is then reacted in an emulsion polymerization reaction to form a shelf-stable emulsion adhesive. The resin emulsion produced is described as having fine particle sizes and ample stability and when cured, the films produced have excellent water resistance and gloss.
Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,645,711 to Winslow et al. describes the incorporation of hydrocarbon resins from many sources, i.e., from hydrogenated resin esters, polyterpene, polymerized alkyl styrene, and polymerized petroleum-derived monomer resins, into PSA tape compositions where the adhesive is a polymerized acrylic emulsion. The patent describes physically mixing the resin with the polymer emulsion.
Numerous approaches have been used to produce resin emulsions. One approach is to dissolve the resin in a hydrocarbon solvent, combine the resin solution and water to form an emulsion, and strip the solvent. Invariably some residual hydrocarbon solvent remains in the finished emulsion which is undesirable in certain applications. This has led to the development of solvent-free dispersions (see U.S. Pat. No. 2,809,948) and emulsions (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,298) of petroleum resins. In both of these formulations, ionic emulsifiers have been utilized. In the former, a mixture of cationic and non-ionic surface active agents is used to achieve a resin emulsion, and in the latter an ionic surfactant is used in combination with an aqueous gel of a swelling earth to produce an emulsion paste of a petroleum resin. These resin emulsions have been commercially used to tackify natural rubber, carboxylated styrene-butadiene and acrylic latexes for many adhesive applications.
The art is also replete with various polymerization techniques intended to improve other properties of polymers obtained through either redox initiation or temperature ramping during polymerization. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,700,456 to Smith, there is described the preparation of a photographic silver halide emulsion by emulsion polymerization of acrylate and other unsaturated monomers with a redox initiator wherein the oxidant is bromate or chlorate and the reductant is bisulfate. Other examples of bromate-sulfite, -bisulfite and -metabisulfite polymerization redox initiators are found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,751 to Gershberg (polyacrylamide); U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,217 to Malhotra (polytetrafluoroethylene); and U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,008 to Robinson et al. (water-in-oil biphase polymerization).
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,791 to Bieringer et al., vinyl chloride was suspension polymerized with an ascending temperature control to produce a polyvinyl chloride said to have a broad molecular weight distribution. The polyvinyl chloride product was said to exhibit improved flowability for injection molding and to produce injection molded articles having smooth, transparent surfaces.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,556 to Tijssen et al., there is described the emulsion polymerization of α-methylstyreneacrylonitrile copolymers with a free radical initiator and a chain transfer agent wherein the temperature increases over the course of the polymerization. This technique is said to maintain monomer conversion rates at a maximum and to improve heat resistance.
Accordingly, there still remains a need for improvements in the procedures used to prepare an acrylic copolymer in the form of a latex-like dispersion for application as a PSA having increased peel strength without serious decrease in shear. As mentioned above, there has generally been a decrease in shear properties associated with modifications made in an effort to obtain an increase of peel strength and tackiness. There is a need to improve the peel strength of PSAs while yet maintaining high shear properties and thus obviating the decline in shear usually resulting from variations intended to increase peel strength.
It has been discovered that acrylic copolymers having a relatively broad molecular weight distribution have enhanced adhesive properties, such as, for example, when the acrylic copolymer is applied as an emulsion to a substrate. The copolymer may, for example, have a balance of peel strength (e.g. a PSTC-1 peel strength above about 2 lb/in.) and shear properties (e.g. a PSTC-7 holding power above about 50 or even 100 hours). These copolymers can be prepared by copolymerizing the acrylic monomers over a relatively wide temperature range.
In one aspect, the present invention provides an acrylic copolymer. The copolymer has a Tg of from about -70° C. to about +10° C., preferably from about -60° C. to about -10° C., and a ratio of Mw /Mn (measured by GPC) of at least about 6, preferably at least about 10 and especially from about 10 to about 50. The copolymer is generally prepared from a monomer mixture including from about 0 to about 50, preferably from about 10 to about 35, percent by weight of a lower alkyl (meth)acrylate, from about 25 to about 99, preferably from about 60 to about 88, percent by weight of an upper alkyl (meth)acrylate and from about 1 to about 15, preferably from about 2 to about 6, percent by weight of (meth)acrylic acid. The acrylic copolymer can also include one or more of acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, styrene and methyl styrene.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing an acrylic copolymer comprises emulsion polymerizing an acrylic monomer mixture over a temperature profile wherein the difference between the minimum and maximum polymerization temperatures (ΔT) is from about 40° C. to about 70° C. The monomer mixture comprises from about 1 to about 15 percent by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 6 percent by weight of a (meth)acrylic acid, from 0 to about 50 percent by weight, preferably from about 10 to about 35 percent by weight of a lower alkyl (meth)acrylate ester, from about 25 to about 99 percent by weight, preferably from about 60 to about 88 percent by weight of an upper alkyl (meth)acrylate.
In another aspect, the invention provides an adhesive latex emulsion. The emulsion comprises up to about 70 percent by weight, preferably from about 30 to about 70 percent by weight, of an acrylic copolymer of from 0 to about 50 percent by weight of a lower alkyl (meth)acrylate, from about 25 to about 99 percent by weight of an upper alkyl (meth)acrylate and from about 1 to about 15 percent by weight of (meth)acrylic acid, wherein the copolymer has a ratio of Mw /Mn of at least about 6, preferably at least about 10 and especially from about 10 to about 30. The acrylic copolymer has a Tg of from about -70° C. to about 10° C., preferably from about -60° C. to about -10° C., and is preferably prepared by emulsion polymerization of the monomers.
The polymer latex, when coated onto a suitable substrate such as flexible polyester or polyolefin film dries into a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) having enhanced peel strength while maintaining shear properties, including high temperature shear properties. Thus, in a further embodiment, the present invention comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive-coated article comprising a substrate having a coating of the acrylic copolymer on a surface thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the acrylic copolymer in the coating comprises from about 1 to about 15 percent by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 6 percent by weight of a (meth)acrylic acid, from 0 to about 50 percent by weight, preferably from about 10 to about 35 percent by weight of a lower alkyl (meth)acrylate ester, from about 25 to about 99 percent by weight, preferably from about 60 to about 88 percent by weight of an upper alkyl (meth)acrylate ester. The copolymer coating has a Tg from about -70° C. to about 10° C., preferably from about -60° C. to about -10° C. The PSA coating of the present invention is ideally suited for PSA tape applications. Substrates may be metallic, paper, plastic or cloth.
In yet a further embodiment, the present invention is a laminate article comprising at least two layers of material bonded by the aforedescribed adhesive.
The Figure compares the molecular weight distributions for a broad molecular weight distribution acrylic copolymer prepared according to the present invention (Example 1 (Sample C); Mw /Mn =12.6) and a typical acrylic copolymer synthesized by a conventional emulsion polymerization technique (Comparative Example 1 (Sample I); Mw /Mn =3.4).
Vinyl monomers used in the practice of this invention are those which are polymerizable by free radical reactions, preferably those materials generally described as acrylics, e.g. alkyl (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylic acid and typically including a component from both (meth)acrylic acid and alkyl (meth)acrylate ester. The terms "acrylics" or "acrylic polymer" or "acrylic monomer" denote a generalized material comprising in greatest proportion either an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a hydrocarbyl ester of an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or a mixture thereof. The term "(meth)acrylate" refers to either a methacrylate or an acrylate. The term "(meth)acrylic acid" refers to either methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. Mixtures of several different alkyl (meth)acrylates are usually included, affecting the final properties of the copolymer composition. These acrylate monomer mixtures generally comprise lower alkyl (meth)acrylates having to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group of the ester, and upper alkyl (meth)acrylates having 5 or more carbon atoms in the alkyl group of the ester, usually up to about 14 carbon atoms, but preferably from five to about eight carbon atoms. Another preferred monomer component is (meth)acrylic acid.
Some preferred examples of acrylic monomers are as follows: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate. Other vinyl monomers which can be employed include acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, styrene, methyl styrene, and the like. The monomer mixture should contain from 1 to about 15 percent by weight, preferably about 2 to about 6 percent by weight of the (meth)acrylic acid; 0 to about 50 percent by weight, preferably about 10 to 35 percent by weight, lower alkyl (meth)acrylate; and from about 25 to 99 percent by weight, preferably from 60 to about 88 percent by weight upper alkyl (meth)acrylate. It should be noted that some acrylic monomer mixtures commercially available include minor amounts of acrylonitrile, styrene, or vinyl acetate, and the like.
The acrylic copolymers o the present invention have, as previously mentioned, a relatively broad molecular weight distribution, i.e., the ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Mw /Mn) is large. These disperse polymers should have a ratio of Mw /Mn high enough to enhance their adhesive properties. Although not intending to be bound by theory, it appears that the shear adhesion properties of the acrylic copolymers are favored by the presence of relatively high molecular weight fractions (tending to produce a relatively high Mw), whereas the peel adhesion properties are sensitive to the presence of a low molecular weight fraction (tending to produce a relatively low Mn). By having both high and low molecular weight species as reflected in a high ratio of Mw /Mn, the acrylic copolymer obtains an excellent balance between shear and peel adhesion properties. Preferably, the ratio of Mw /Mn is at least about 6, and more preferably at least about 10. The upper limit on the ratio is set primarily by polymerization practicalities since it is desirable to produce high molecular weight species which are essentially free of gel. The lower limit of Mn corresponds to a sufficient degree of polymerization for internal strength, and Mn is preferably at least about 10,000. Thus, ,in the practice of this invention, there is no particular upper limit on the Mw /Mn that can be obtained.
For the preparation of the PSAs which are an embodiment of the present invention, the polymerized composition should have a suitable glass transition temperature (Tg). Accordingly, Tg is another important criterion for determining composition of the monomer solution in terms of monomer selection and concentration. Tg of the copolymer product ranges from about -70° C. to about 10° C. for PSA application, preferably from about -60° C. to about -10° C. If the glass transition temperature is too high, ambient temperature tackiness required for standard PSA applications is not generally obtained. The glass transition temperature of the product is usually a function of the glass transition temperature of the component monomer homopolymers. Thus, to achieve the low Tg, it is generally necessary to avoid excessive amounts of high Tg monomers such as (meth)acrylic acid and lower (meth)acrylates, as well as the high Tg materials such as styrene, acrylonitrile and the like.
Generally the reaction of the selected acrylic monomers to form acrylic copolymers proceeds by aqueous emulsion polymerization which is a type of polymerization well known to the practitioners in the art. The reaction mixture generally includes an initiator which may be any compound(s) or source for generating free radicals capable of initiating polymerization of the acrylic monomers, such as, for example, azo compounds, persulfates, redox couples and the like. Preferred are the redox couples having a polymerization initiation temperature below about 60° C., i.e. between about -40° C. and about 60° C., especially between about -30° C. and about 30° C., particularly those including an oxidant such as bromate or chlorate ion from any suitable source, e.g. sodium, potassium or ammonium bromate or chlorate, and a reductant such as bisulfite ion from any suitable source, e.g. sodium or potassium bisulfite or metabisulfite. The redox couple potassium bromate/sodium metabisulfite is particularly preferred because it is capable of generating free radicals to initiate polymerization at low temperatures, e.g. 0°-10° C. The redox couple in approximately stoichiometric proportions is generally present at from about 0.01 to about 1 part per 100 parts by weight of monomer in the reaction mixture.
The process generally includes water to adjust the solids content of the emulsion. In some instances it may be advantageous to buffer the pH of the solution between about 4 and about 7 by including some well known buffering agent such as, for example, sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydrogen phthalate and the like.
A surfactant is normally used to aid in the formation of monomer-in-water emulsion and to act as a suspending agent for the solids in the final copolymer, which are dispersed in the aqueous medium both during and after the polymerization, but this should not be considered a limitation on the invention. The surfactants useful in the practice of this invention are well known and are present in quantities sufficient to place the reactants in the emulsion prior to reaction and maintain the product in suspension after the reaction. Of particular applicability are a blend of anionic and nonionic surfactants having a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of from about 14 to 42, especially from about 35 to about 40. Especially preferred is the widely used disodium sulfosuccinate as an ionic surfactant and ethylene oxide adducts of nonyl phenol as nonionic surfactants. While the ranges of surfactants are well known, the amount will preferably range from about 1 to about 5 parts, normally 2 to 4 parts per 100 parts of the monomers, by weight.
The molecular weight of such copolymers is normally controlled by a commonly known mono-olefin chain transfer agent in the polymerization mixture. It is preferred hat the monomers be dispersed into a water medium to form an emulsion at ambient temperatures just by stirring in the presence of a satisfactory surfactant. The reaction mixture thus formed, including the initiators, must be placed in a reaction vessel, evacuated of oxygen by purging with nitrogen or other inert gas, and the polymerization reaction conducted with stirring in the sealed container under a nitrogen or other inert gas blanket.
The addition of the monomers is normally carried out intermittently and over a period of time. For example, about 5-25, preferably 10-20 percent, by weight of the monomer solution, may be initially metered into the reaction mixture and polymerized for a short period of time at a relatively low temperature, preferably from 0° C. to about 30° C., e.g. ambient temperature. Normally when this is accomplished, the solids content of the reaction should preferably be about 20 to 22 percent by weight, which is a benchmark solids content. Once the selected solids level is attained, the balance of the monomer solution is evenly metered into the reaction vessel over a period of time, usually 3 to 6 hours, depending upon the size of the reactor and quantity to be added, while gradually and/or stepwise increasing the polymerization temperature. Once the addition of the monomer mixture is complete, the polymerization is allowed to continue, usually for about another hour while maintaining the reaction temperature within the range of from about 45° C. to about 90° C., preferably between about 50° C. and 80° C. The polymerization continues until the total solids content of the material in the reactor reaches its theoretical level based upon the amount of reactants charged to the reaction mixture, usually in practice about 45 to 55 percent by weight, but the overall solids content may be as high as 70 percent by weight. While there is no theoretical lower limit, a practical lower limit of about 30 percent by weight solids content is recognized by those skilled in the art. In a commercial sense, the highest limits attainable are preferred.
The difference between the minimum and maximum polymerization temperature (ΔT) should be at least about 40° C. to obtain the desired molecular weight distribution. The upper limit on the polymerization ΔT is determined largely by practical considerations. For example, the minimum polymerization temperature must be equal to or above the freezing point of the polymerization medium and the activation temperature of the catalyst; the maximum polymerization temperature must likewise be below the boiling point of the reaction medium (which may be pressurized) and the copolymer degradation temperature. The polymerization ΔT is preferably between about 40° C. and 70° C.
Once the reaction is complete, the solids, in the form of a dispersed polymer latex, is allowed to cool to room temperature and the dispersed polymer latex is usually separated from coagulum formed during polymerization by filtration. In the practice of this invention, a 200 mesh "sock" filter has been found satisfactory.
In addition, the acrylic polymer emulsion may optionally include from about 10 to about 100 parts of a tackifier per 100 parts by weight of the copolymer, and preferably from about 20 to about 60 parts per 100 parts by weight of the copolymer. The tackifier may be added to the emulsion before or after polymerization of the monomers. Tackifier resins useful in the present invention are generally well known and are defined as natural resins and thermoplastic petroleum hydrocarbon resins obtained by polymerization, in the presence of a catalyst of the Friedel-Crafts type, of steam-cracked petroleum distillates, boiling in the range between about 30° C. and 280° C., or any fraction of these distillates boiling within the said range, or of polymerized mixtures of olefins and diolefins. However, since suitable adhesive properties can be achieved by the present invention, the use of the tackifier and its concomitant difficulties and complexities can be preferably avoided so that the copolymer is essentially free thereof. A copolymer produced by this invention may be cross-linked by any means well known in the art.
The latex product can be coated on a substrate film for use as a tape, for example. The coated substrate is typically dried by circulating hot air at 100° C. to 110° C. for 2 to 5 minutes. Those skilled in the art readily recognize other processing parameters for such coated substrate. The dried and cured latex coating of the present acrylic copolymer emulsions produces an adhesive film suitable for PSA application. Suitable substrates include metallic, plastic, paper, cloth materials and the like. Examples of metallic substrates include aluminum, copper and steel and examples of the plastic substrates include polyesters, polyolefins, polyethylene terephthalate, and the like.
In certain embodiments of the practice of this invention, the adhesives formed find application as nonpressure sensitive adhesives such as, for example, laminating adhesives, binders for woven and nonwoven fabrics and binders for pressed wood production. For example, embodiments useful as laminating adhesives have high peel strength but low shear properties. Such adhesives can be used to join two or more sheets of material together such as joining a layer of wood or a multiple layer of wood to form a plywood product.
The foregoing invention having now been described, the following examples are to further teach the preferred embodiment and best modes for practicing the described invention and to aid others in the practice of the scope of such invention herein provided.
This example illustrates the synthesis of acrylic copolymer emulsions having a broad molecular weight. The ingredients charged into the reactor are summarized in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1______________________________________Parts (wt) Component______________________________________A. Initial Charge:24.0 Buffer Solution (50 parts of 0.1M potassium hydrogen phthalate and 36.6 parts of 0.1M NaOH) 0.1 IGEPAL CO-850, an ethylene oxide adduct of nonyl phenol (sold by GAF) 0.2 Sodium bicarbonate 0.5 Potassium bromateB. Monomer Mixture:22.0 Buffer Solution (50 parts of 0.1M potassium hydrogen phthalate and 36.6 parts of 0.1M NaOH) 3.16 EMCOL K-8300, an anionic surfactant (manufactured by Witco Chemical)37.5 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate10.5 Ethyl acrylate 2.0 Acrylic acidC. Initiator Feed 2.5 Sodium metabisulfite20.0 Buffer Solution (50 parts of 0.1M potassium hydrogen phthalate and 36.6 parts of 0.1M NaOH)______________________________________
A 2-liter, four-neck reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, condenser, a thermosensor, and a monomer addition tube was purged with nitrogen for 15 minutes. The initial charge (A) was placed in the flask with stirring at room temperature and continued nitrogen purging for an additional 20 minutes.
The monomer mixture (B) was prepared in a separate vessel by adding a mixture of the monomers to the premixed buffer solution and K-8300 using a homogenizer. When the initial charge (A) and the monomer mixture (B) were equilibrated to ambient temperature, 15 percent by weight of the homogenized monomer mixture (B) was charged to the flask. Simultaneously, the initiator feed (C) was begun pumping into the flask at 0.1 ml/min until an exotherm of 5° C. was observed, and the polymerization continued for 30 minutes without additional initiator feed (C). The total solids at the end of the 30 minutes was 20-22 percent by weight. When the total solids reached this range, the remaining monomer mixture (B) was evenly metered into the flask at 2 ml/min, and initiator feed (C) addition was resumed at 0.1 ml/min. The reaction was allowed to continue during monomer and initiator addition at room temperature for one hour, but the initiator feed (C) addition was stopped as necessary to prevent any exotherm from exceeding 5° C.
The reactor was then heated to 40° C. and initiator addition resumed until a 5° C. exotherm was observed. After one hour polymerization at 40° C., the reactor was heated to 55° C. and initiator addition again resumed until a 5° C. exotherm was observed. After one hour polymerization at 55° C., the reactor was heated to 65° C. and initiator addition again resumed until a 5° C. exotherm was observed. During these procedures the progress of the polymerization was monitored by periodically checking the solids content, and if polymerization was not continuing and the initiator feed was exhausted, a newly prepared solution was used. After addition of the monomer was completed, the polymerization was allowed to continue at 65° C. for two more hours, and the flask cooled to room temperature. Stirring was continuous throughout the procedures.
The final total solids was about 50 percent by weight, particle size, 150-250 nm, and Brookfield viscosity, 500-1000 cp. The coagulum content of about 2 percent of the total reactants charged was removed by filtration. Sample C had a Mw /Mn of 12.6.
The polymer latex prepared as described above was knife-coated on a Mylar film and dried in an air circulating oven for three minutes at 110° C. The dried adhesive coating was approximately 1.5 mils thick. The adhesive was bonded to a stainless steel surface for PSA performance tests. Peel (180°) adhesion was obtained using Test No. PSTC-1 of the Pressure Sensitive Tape Council. Shear was determined according to PSTC-7. The shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) test was similar to the shear test except that the test temperature was increased at the rate of 10° F. per 15 minutes. The temperature at which shear failed is reported as SAFT. Both SAFT and shear were tested at 1 square inch and 1000 gram hang weight.
PSA performance is very sensitive to the molecular weight of the polymer. A chain transfer agent (CTA) such as t-dodecanethiol is commonly used to control the molecular weight and to demonstrate the sensitivity. Table 2, below, summarizes the PSA test results for Samples A-E which were synthesized according to the above procedures, but with varying amounts of chain transfer agent added to the last 85% of the monomer mixture (B).
TABLE 2______________________________________ Ball Loop 180° CTA Tack Tack Peel SAFT ShearSample (wt %)1 (cm) (lb/in.) (lb/in.) (°F.) (hours)______________________________________A 0.0 4 -- 1.1 290+ 100+B 0.05 4 1.6 2.1 290+ 100+C3 0.075 15 2.0 2.3 290+ 57D 0.10 5 2.8 3.1 111 2E 1.0 4 -- .sup. 3.32 98 0.5______________________________________ 1 t-Dodecanethiol on a basis of last 85% of monomer shell. 2 Cohesive failure. 3 Mw /Mn = 12.6.
It is seen from the data in Table 2 that the broad molecular weight distribution acrylic copolymers of the present invention can be prepared with an excellent balance of tack, peel and shear. Note in particular Sample B having a peel of 2.1 lb/in., a holding power in excess of 100 hours and a SAFT in excess of 290° F.
To illustrate the effect of the polymerization temperature profile on the acrylic copolymer properties, the polymerization procedures of Example 1 were repeated except that the polymerization was conducted isothermally at 65° C. with the recipe given in Table 3.
TABLE 3______________________________________Parts (wt) Component______________________________________A. Initial Charge:24.0 Water 0.1 IGEPAL CO-850, an ethylene oxide adduct of nonyl phenol (sold by GAF) 0.2 Sodium bicarbonate 0.05 Sodium persulfateB. Monomer Mixture:24.2 Water 3.16 EMCOL K-8300, an anionic surfactant (manufactured by Witco Chemical)37.5 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate10.5 Ethyl acrylate 2.0 Acrylic acid 0.05 Sodium persulfate______________________________________
The same equipment and general emulsion polymerization procedure described in the preceding Example was used for this Comparative Example. The initial charge (A) was heated in the reactor to 65° C. and 15 wt % of the monomer mixture (B) was added and allowed to polymerize for 30 minutes to obtain a total solids contact of about 17-19 wt %. The remaining monomer mixture (B) was then metered in at approximately 2 ml/min. After the monomer mixture (B) addition was finished (approximately 4 hours), the reaction was continued for an additional 2 hours and cooled to room temperature. The resultant latex was then filtered and evaluated for PSA performance as above. Various levels of CTA (t-dodecanthiol) were added to the last 85% of the monomer mixture (B) addition to compare the effects of molecular weight variation. The results are presented in Table 4.
TABLE 4______________________________________ Ball 180° CTA Tack Peel SAFT ShearSample (wt %)1 (cm) (lb/in.) (°F.) (hours)______________________________________F 0.0 5 1.1 290+ 100+G 0.025 -- 1.1 290+ 100+H 0.050 -- 1.5 290+ 18I3 0.075 -- 1.7 112 3J 0.10 4 .sup. 3.72 110 0.4______________________________________ 1 t-Dodecanethiol on a basis of last 85% of monomer shell. 2 Cohesive failure. 3 Mw /Mn = 3.4.
In contrast to the broad temperature range-polymerized Example, the isothermally polymerized Comparative Example produced materials which had either poor adhesion (Samples F and G) and/or poor shear (Samples H, I and J). The adhesion and shear properties could not be balanced as in the Sample B and C materials of the above Example.
The molecular weight distribution of the Comparative Example (Sample I, Mw /Mn =3.4) is shown in the Figure with the same distribution for Example 1 (Sample C, Mw /Mn =12.6) prepared with the same relative proportions of chain transfer agent. From these data it is seen that the polymerization over a temperature profile in accordance with the present invention obtains a broad molecular weight acrylic copolymer which has improved PSA performance in contrast to an isothermally prepared acrylic copolymer of the same monomer composition.
As is apparent from the foregoing description, the materials prepared and the procedures followed relate to specific embodiments of the broad invention. It is apparent from the foregoing general description and the specific embodiments that, while predictive forms of the invention have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited thereby.
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|Kazuya Katoh
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|International Classification
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|European Classification
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|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 8, 1998
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 19, 1998
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19980311


text:
The Recession is Over - Time to Grow (Paperback)Keith G. Churchouse
Paperback Published: 29/05/2013
- Can be ordered from our supplier
You may not believe it right now, but it is true. The recession is over! Sure, there will be a few more monetary 'wobbles and worries' to slow initial recovery, but nevertheless, recovery is on its way. Our return to prosperity will look different to times gone by, but it will happen, and happen soon. For now is the new business reality, especially for aspiring and mature Small to Medium Enterprises, (SME's). Exciting and possibly uncharted times lie ahead. The only question that remains is Are you and your business really ready? The economic environment is changing and both you and your business should be getting ready right now, innovating and preparing new ideas to take advantage of the opportunities coming your way. Economies change fast and this is nothing new. The reality of recent day to day trading, especially for some SME's, is usually just focussing on maintaining market share, proposition and profitability now. This is not unreasonable, it's been tough for the last few years and you don't need me to remind you of this. This book investigates ideas, new business practices, experiences and the reality of the dynamic recovery proposition that lies just ahead if you apply some thought, strategy, innovation, energy and robust planning. Are you and your business ready?
Publisher: Churchouse Consultants LLP
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text:
Today's Zippy appears to be just a surrealist melange of pop-cultural absurdity (and can be enjoyed at that level), but in fact many of those absurdities are knit together in a web of allusions to elements of pop culture — probably even more densely than I appreciate.
It all starts with Arthur Godfrey, who appears transformed as the central character of the strip, Siddartha Godfrey, with Arthur replaced by the phonologically very similar name Siddartha; Siddharth or Siddhartha is the birth name of the founder of Buddhism, Gautama Buddha.
Meanwhile, the title "Jerry Van Dyke Lives" introduces a secondary, parallel, theme having to do with Jerry Van Dyke.


text:
Bills would ban smoking in cars with kids
A bill to forbid smoking in cars carrying children is dead in the House, but a similar proposal remains alive in the Senate. House Bill 1366, sponsored by Delegate Joseph Morrissey, D-Richmond, would have made it illegal to smoke in a car if a child under 13 were in the vehicle.
The legislation would have made violations a secondary offense, meaning drivers could be cited only if pulled over for another reason. Violators could have been fined $100 under Morrissey's bill.
A subcommittee of the House Committee on Militia, Police and Public Safety deadlocked 3-3 Thursday on whether to recommend approval of HB 1366. As a result, the motion failed.
Voting in favor of the bill were Delegates James Edmunds, R-Halifax; Israel O'Quinn, R-Galax; and Alfonso Lopez, D-Arlington.
Voting against it were Republican Delegates Benjamin Cline of Amherst, Christopher Head of Roanoke, and Tony Wilt of Harrisonburg.
There is still hope for anti-smoking legislation. Sen. Ralph Northam, a Democrat who represents parts of Norfolk and Virginia Beach, has introduced Senate Bill 975. It is like Morrissey's proposal but would ban smoking when children under 15 are in the vehicle.
SB 975 initially was referred to the Senate Transportation Committee. Last week, that panel sent it to the Senate Courts of Justice Committee.
Northam is also sponsoring SB 1253, which would allow local governments to ban smoking in public areas such as parks and beaches.
It's not uncommon for states to ban smoking in cars carrying children. Arkansas, Louisiana, California, Maine and Puerto Rico all have such laws. The age of the minor varies from state to state.
Anti-smoking advocates would like to see Virginia join that list.
"Virginia is far behind what other states have," said Bronson Frick, an assistant director of Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights, a national advocacy group.
Virginia does ban smoking in restaurants, but the state law doesn't cover other areas. "It'd help Virginia be a part of a trend with most of the United States," Frick said.
Most states that have outlawed smoking in the car with a child present, Frick said, usually take an educational approach, too: They have a campaign to inform the public about the health risks of second-hand smoke.
"It's not just about passing the law but also implementing it," Frick said.
Both of Northam's bills will be heard this week at the General Assembly.
Local choral group seeks volunteers
Citizen Staff Reports 07/18/2016
Good Vibrations choral group is looking for all voices with some musical experience to sing with the volunteer choir. The season runs from August to November. Genre includes patriotic and inspirational. > Read more.
County plans Fourth of July event
Henrico County Recreation and Parks will present "Red, White, and Lights" at Meadow Farm Museum/Crump Park July 4.
Henrico County has hosted a Fourth of July celebration annually since 1981, but this year's event will offer a later start time and expanded hours and be highlighted by new entertainment.
The free event will begin at 4:30 p.m. and will feature the Richmond Symphony, a laser-light show, patriotic performances, and family activities. > Read more.
Restaurant Watch
Find out how your favorite dining establishments fared during their most recent inspections by the Virginia Department of Health. > Read more.
Henrico CASA seeks volunteers for training as child advocates
'Evening with Henry Winkler' event to benefit Henrico Schools
Henrico Public Library offers new nature exploration backpacks
Henrico Extension to hold free lawn care workshop Aug. 13
Allen named COO of Parham Doctors' Hospital
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Jul. 21, 2016Click here to read the print edition.
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Good food and fun, bargain prices
Weekend Top 10
Polka taking over Henrico libraries July 19-21
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Obituary – Angela Carole Shumate
Obituary – Samuel A. "Sammy" Kirby
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'Good old days' were good – for some
Of character and parenting
Opinion: Rename school for late Henrico officer
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Henrico teams win district, state championships
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CalendarVirginia Center Commons in Glen Allen will host a mall-wide Pokémon Go Scavenger Hunt from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. July 30. For details, visit http://www.facebook.com/VirginiaCenterCommons Full text


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Get the Wii U first at HMV Oxford Street... doors open 11pm 29 November
HMV's flagship store in Oxford Street, London, has been chosen by Nintendo to launch the Wii U in the UK, as with the Wii in 2006,.
HMV will be hosting the official midnight launch, although it will open its doors to eager Nintendo fans at 11pm on Thursday 29 November, with the first console changing hands on the stroke of 0.01am.
HMV has channelled extra stock to its Oxford Street branch in order to satisfy demand and allow those who queue the opportunity to get their hands on the console even before those who pre-ordered it up and down the country.
Read: Nintendo Wii U pictures and hands-on (2012)
They won't quite be the first to have the new machine, released in the US on Sunday 18 November, but at least they'll have one full week before it goes on sale in Nintendo's native Japan.
The first 100 customers to queue at the store's 150 Oxford Street, London W1 location will be entitled to a free copy of Super Mario Bros U, as well as another Wii U game of their choice (from a selection available on the night). The next 100 will get a £5 gift voucher for redemption against any Wii U hardware or software on the night. And the first 500 will get a Wii U goody bag. There will also be opportunities to win extra Wii U-related prizes on the night.
Read: Best Wii U deals UK
The event will see ZombiU and Mario-based characters roaming about, and there will be opportunities to play and sample the games during the evening.
"We can't wait to get the Wii U into the hands of our fans in the UK and are delighted to be partnering with HMV on this exciting night," said Shelly Pearce, Nintendo UK marketing director.
"Not only will those who come down to HMV be among the first in the country to get their hands on the console but there will also be lots of opportunities to try the games and to find out more about what makes Wii U such a unique new console."
Pokemon Go future features revealed
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- Pokemon Go Plus explained: Release date, price and everything you need to know
- BlackBerry DTEK50 vs BlackBerry Priv: What's the difference?
- BlackBerry DTEK50: Release date, specs and everything you need to know


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Red Barn Ranch is a multi-purpose retreat facility specializing in quality quilting retreats. Located south of Lubbock, TX, you will find a beautiful landscape and country-style environment.
Five acres of quiet county surroundings offering the opportunity to grow, to learn, and to focus. We can facilitate any type of get away. Schedule yours today!
The Red Barn Ranch is located in a serene country atmosphere just 10 minutes south of Lubbock, Texas. Here you will find the best of both worlds: five lovely acres of well-groomed, quiet country surroundings yet close enough to town for easy access.
The main home is a beautiful 6000 sq. ft. home with 6 bedrooms and 4 ½ baths, full kitchen and a cozy living area. Accommodates up to 25 people. Red Barn Ranch has a large 40'X60' red barn with a tasteful atmosphere, yet unique country-style environment.
Red Barn Ranch is setup to host your next retreat and event. From weddings to weekend retreats, we offer lodging, meals, activities, and various meeting venues. Specializing in quilting, Red Barn Ranch, also, has an on-site quilting shop to meet all of your quilting needs.


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It does seem now that almost every brand and business understands the need to use video marketing as part of their content strategy. In fact we've seen a shift from businesses that now view video as providing great Return on Investment.
How to choose a video production company partner is often a question businesses find tricky to answer. Some don't use one, some just the same company they have for their website and others spend time and resources trying to find the perfect fit.
Peter Souter, Chairman and Chief Creative Officer at TBWA London, says that the only thing you can't afford to do in marketing is bore people. Essentially, you can't bore people into buying anything.
Story and emotion. Emotion and story. Like two peas in a pod, they go together and are intrinsically linked.
I recently completed a free, online course, from D&AD titled 'Storytelling in Advertising'. It was really interesting and interactive and I'd certainly recommend anyone interested, or involved, in the creative process in advertising to do it.
Having a planned out video marketing strategy is great. Knowing the videos you want created, when and their publishing date is important to maintain a consistent level of communication toward your audience.
What makes a video good? Beautifully shot? Amazing sound and visuals? A haunting voice-over? Professional actors? An engrossing story?


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Oct. 25, 2012
|Virginia at No. 12 Florida State
|Friday, Oct. 26, 2012 | 7:00 p.m.
|Tallahasse, Fla. | Tully Gym
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|Virginia at No. 24 Miami
|Sunday, Oct. 28, 2012 | 1 p.m.
|Coral Gables, Fla. | Knight Sports Complex
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CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va.—The Virginia volleyball team travels for two Atlantic Coast Conference matches this weekend. The Cavaliers play at No. 12 Florida State on Friday (Oct. 26) at 7 p.m., before competing at No. 24 Miami on Sunday (Oct. 28) at 1 p.m.
Live statistics for both matches will be available through VirginiaSports.com. Miami will have a live stream of the match (subscription based) and will be linked through VirginiaSports.com.
The Cavaliers (7-15, 1-10 ACC) went 1-1 last weekend, falling to Duke, 3-1, on Oct. 19 before picking up their first ACC win of the season against Wake Forest, 3-1, on Saturday night (Oct. 20) at Memorial Gymnasium.
Freshmen Natalie Bausback (22 kills, .417) and Kayla Sears (19 kills, .515) led the Cavaliers to their first ACC win against Wake Forest, 3-1, last Saturday night.
Three Cavaliers recorded seven blocks each, including Bausback, sophomore Morgan Blair and freshman Vivian Burcescu.
The Seminoles are 19-2 on the season (10-1 ACC) after sweeping No. 11 Florida Wednesday night. FSU is on a 13-match win streak. Fatma Yildirim led Florida State with 10 kills, while Sareea Freeman hit .412 with nine kills against the Gators.
Florida State leads the all-time series, 31-14 and won the first matchup this season, 3-1, on Oct. 30 in Charlottesville.
The Hurricanes come into the weekend with an 18-3 record (10-1 ACC) and currently ride an eight-match win streak. Miami is led by Emani Sims and Alexis Mourning, who are hitting .345 and .300 on the season, respectively.
Miami is looking to even up the all-time series, as Virginia leads 8-7. The Hurricanes won the first contest between the two teams this year, 3-0, on Oct. 28 at Memorial Gymnasium.
Up next, the Cavaliers return home to face Georgia Tech on Nov. 2 and Clemson on Nov. 3. Both matches' start time is 7 p.m. at Memorial Gymnasium.
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Radioguided SLNB Detected Lymph Node Mets in Thyroid Cancer
Radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy detected occult cervical lymph node metastases in about one-half of patients with thyroid nodules suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma, altering the management of their disease.
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The multi-target RTK inhibitor anlotinib yielded a high response rate and was well tolerated in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Cediranib/Lenalidomide Combo Worse Than Cediranib Alone in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
The addition of lenalidomide to cediranib failed to improve progression-free survival outcomes in patients with iodine 131–refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.
Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers
This management guide of endocrine malignancies covers the risk factors, diagnosis, screening, and treatment of both thyroid and parathyroid cancers.
FDA Grants Orphan Drug Designation to Selumetinib for Thyroid Cancer
Selumetinib has received Orphan Drug Designation status by the US Food and Drug Administration to be used as an adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III or IV differentiated thyroid cancer.
Study Calls for Reclassification of Thyroid Tumors as Non-Cancerous
A new study is calling for a change in name for certain thyroid tumors. Patients diagnosed with what is currently known as noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma have a very low risk for recurrence and therefore, researchers have suggested renaming the condition.
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Despite a large increase in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer during the last few decades, a new study indicates that thyroid cancer incidence may be leveling off.
EXAM: Cabozantinib Doubled Survival in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma With RET M918T Mutation
In this video, Steven I. Sherman, MD, discusses the final overall survival analysis of the EXAM study, a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial of cabozantinib in medullary thyroid carcinoma patients.
Lenvatinib Delays Thyroid Cancer Progression
Josh Kremer, MD, vice president of clinical development at Eisai, Inc, discusses results of the phase III SELECT trial, which studied lenvatinib in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.
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I booked this hotel stay for only one night in late November 2012 as I had an early morning, all-day meeting nearby and didn't want to have to wake up at 6am to travel 2 1/2 miles to Columbus from NE Ohio. I was able to use my hotels.com Welcome Rewards free nights stay for this reservation, and my total bill came to a little more than $20. I planned on checking in and then parking my car at the nearby State House for CHEAP parking, but this plan didn't work out, as I arrived after sunset (blame it on a traffic jam on I-71). I declined the valet parking and decided to park myself. In the future, if I ever stay in this hotel in the evening, I will bite the bullet and just valet park. I recommend any woman traveling to this hotel, alone, at night, to valet park. The neighborhood, which is usually busy in the daytime hours changes a bit in the evening; downtown Columbus seems to "close up" in the evening (unlike larger cities) and if you are a woman, traveling alone, you might not feel entirely comfortable walking around solo. The only reason why I stress this point is the self-parking lot is located in a side lot and while I was never bothered by anyone,and there is always an attendant on duty, I didn't always feel comfortable transporting my luggage to the hotel. The hotel itself is spectacular. This is a historic hotel that has been lovingly restored,and it shows. The front desk was very polite and courteous. I was very surprised by the fact that as a very infrequent Starwood preferred guest, she "upgraded" my room and gave me a drink voucher. My room, while a bit cramped, was extremely clean. The bathroom was very clean as well, but also small. There is an area, below the sink, one can place items, but it is suited for larger items, like towels, not toiletries. What is even more frustrating is one cannot place "taller" items on the night stands because of the way the lamp is positioned on the wall. Consequently, I had to dump my cosmetics on the floor, right outside the bathroom. Yeah, I'm a woman and I have a lot of stuff, but perhaps some type of board could be inserted on the bottom shelf of the sink area to provide more storage area. The bed, while generally comfortable, needs to be flipped. I felt like I was sleeping on the side of a hill.
All in all, this was a very pleasant stay, but I am not sure if I would stay here again, especially if I had to stay for more than one night, due to the cramped conditions.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Westin Columbusis ideally situated in the heart of the Downtown Columbus business district. This Columbus, Ohio hotel is within walking distance of the Greater Columbus Convention Center, and some of the finest things to do in Columbus, including the State Capitol, Nationwide Arena, the Arena District, the Brewery District, German Village, Ohio's Center of Science & Industry, and the Short North Area. HISTORIC HOTEL IN COLUMBUS Known as The Great Southern Hotel since its grand beginnings in 1897, the city's most-renowned hotel offers guests gracious service and luxurious surroundings. The hotel's grandiose architecture is from a different era and is the perfect backdrop to your big day - begin planning your Columbus wedding today. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, TripOnline SA, Hotels.com, Expedia, Starwood, Priceline, Hotwire, Travelocity, Agoda, Orbitz, Odigeo and Jetsetter so you can book your The Westin Columbus reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
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1. Peel the banana.
2. Wash the spinach leaves thoroughly and allow them to drain in the colander. Chop their stalks off.
3. Wash the mint leaves thoroughly.
4. Wash the kale leaves thoroughly.
5. Using a food processor, blend all the ingredients together to make a smooth concoction.
6. Best served chilled, garnished with a sprig of mint and had right after a workout.
Serving size Per servingComplete recipe
Calories 340 Calories from Fat 48
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 5 g8.3%
Saturated Fat 2.3 g11.3%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 70 mg23.3%
Sodium 174.3 mg7.3%
Total Carbohydrates 27 g8.9%
Dietary Fiber 3.9 g15.7%
Sugars 7 g
Protein 51 g101.7%
Vitamin A 356.3%
Vitamin C 214.6%
Calcium 47.1%
Iron 14.7%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Unlocked HSUPA Wireless Adapter 3G UMTS GSM WIFI 7.2Mbps HSDPA USB Dongle Stick Network
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Sandown, NHUSA
Hometown: Sandown
May 8, 2013
Hiking, Rock Climbing
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Finished round one of the[masked]'rs on my 45th birthday! Working now on the 52 With A View's. Since June 2013, I seem to have caught a bug for rock climbing!!!!! :)
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Zephrin Lasker has been involved with online marketing since its inception more than a decade ago. A serial entrepreneur, Zephrin has successfully launched several companies and prior to co-founding Pontiflex, he founded The North Road Group, an interactive agency. He has also worked as Vice President of Business Development at i33 Communications, where he managed sales and technical teams to help deliver new customers, launch state-of-the-art websites, and deploy cutting edge marketing initiatives.
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THE SILICON VALLEY 100: The most amazing and inspiring people in tech right now
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Originally posted on Yanks Fan vs Sox Fan | Last updated 12/14/11
This off-season, the Yankees brass have yet to sign any Once-In-A-Generation sluggers to Rodriguean money, and no Yankee batsman has been implemented in a Rodriguean PED scandal. No Yankee player has ended up exposed in a spread in the society pages. Since Freddy, no pitcher of significance have been signed by the Bombers, foreign or domestic. The Yankees aren't mentioned anywhere on the front page of mlbtraderumors.com. No trades have been offered to only be rejected by a power-mad commissioner. Okay, wrong sport, but what a sham of a racket the NBA has become. Joe Girardi, a man who looks like he could bring some serious Sergeant Hulka rage to the party, has yet to say he hates anyone. Rather, he occupies his time by joining Robi Cano in helping with a food drive and when asked about the topic of expanded instant replay — which practically every sentient being in the universe supports — took the controversial position of, "I'm with you fellas." What passes for serious nois...
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Denver, COUSA
February 10, 2014
I'm not anti-alcohol, I just can't hear people talk at the local saloon.
Meet for coffee on a Saturday morning, maybe at a Panera's or a local coffee shop; dance at the Mercury cafe. Upstairs, they have all the water you can drink and no one bugs you to buy booze.
I have hobbies but as far as teaching...maybe.
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I like shootin' the breeze and getting to know people.
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Today's Featured Artist: Michael Godard
Pixels Exclusive: Introducing the hottest summer accessory of 2016... round beach towels! FREE WORLDWIDE SHIPPING.
Fine Art America has expanded to 14 fulfillment centers in 5 countries!
David Bowie Remembered - A Collection of Unpublished Portraits by Terry O'Neill
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Colorful fall leaves on grass.
John Wong came to Dallas, TX in 1978 fresh out of Pasadena's Art Center College of Design. He is known for his dramatic lighting style and meticulous craftsmanship that has not only helped build successful design, but also made him a fixture in national and international award shows including ADDY, Communication Arts, the New York Art Directors Club, Print's Regional Design Annual, AR100, and the ARC Awards for Annual Reports. When given general directions for a shoot, John is one of the few photographers who can come back with exceptional images. John once hiked 14,000' Mt. Shavano in Colorado with his daughter Jessica. The same sort of drive that kept him going for 10 hours has enabled him to produce exceptional work for clients such...
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If you're not happy with a purchase that you made on FineArtAmerica.com, for any reason, you can return it to us within 30 days of the order date. As soon as it arrives, we'll issue a full refund for the entire purchase price. Please note - Fine Art America does not reimburse the outgoing or return shipping charges unless the return is due to a defect in quality.
Fine Art America sells thousands of pieces of artwork each month - all with a 100% money-back guarantee. We take great pride in the fact that hundreds of thousands of artists have chosen Fine Art America to fulfill their orders, and we look forward to helping you select your next piece!
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Integralis AG (listed in the Prime Standard of the German stock exchange, ticker symbol AAGN, ISIN DE0005155030) is the leading IT security service provider. With a total of 17 branches and about 400 employees across Europe and the United States, Integral... more
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