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Rich Products Corp.'s innovative new line of decadent single-serve desserts enables 12 individual treats to be baked-off with "one touch," saving operators time and money like never before. The One Touch line is available in four delectable flavors: Lava Cake, Brownie, and Apple and Cherry Crisp. Rich's One Touch single served baking technology takes 96%
Individual Desserts
4-H Blue Bell Ice Cream
In honor of the Texas 4-H organization's 100th birthday, Blue Bell Creameries is introducing Centennial Cupcake Ice Cream. Centennial Cupcake Ice Cream is a delicious cake batter ice cream with pieces of yellow cake, a chocolate icing swirl and four-leaf clover sprinkles. 4-H is a national organization which prides itself on teaching young people across
The Ice Machine Cometh
Hoshizaki America Inc. is offering two new ice machines for retail marketers. First is the KM-101BAH, which produces up to 115 pounds of ice within 24 hours and includes a built-in storage bin capable of holding 56 pounds of ice. Second, is the KM-151BAH unit which can produce up to 146 pounds of ice with
Tasty Treats
Tasty Baking Co. is delivering smart options to consumers with the introduction of its brand new low-fat product line. The launch of Low-Fat Raspberry-Filled Koffee Kake Cupcakes and Low-Fat Chocolate Iced Vanilla Cupcakes represents Tastykake's continued commitment to product expansion, notably in the area of wellness. Additional low-fat cake, cookie and snack bar varieties are
LATICRETE Anti-Fracture Mortar
LATICRETE, a provider of innovative systems for the installation of ceramic tile and stone, has developed LATICRETE 125 Anti-Fracture Mortar, a lightweight, superior crack prevention mortar that passes the ANSI A118.12 specification for crack isolation in thin-set ceramic tile and dimensional stone installations. LATICRETE 125 Anti-Fracture Mortar takes the place of liquid or sheet anti-fracture
Grab & Go Hummus
Tribe Mediterranean Foods, a leading trendsetter in the rapidly growing Mediterranean food category and creators of America's favorite hummus, is targeting convenience stores and grab-and-go consumers with Tribe All Natural Snackers. The two-ounce Hummus Snackers are conveniently packaged in four-packs to be merchandised in a convenience store or supermarket's grocery section. Tribe is launching the
Aristo Wellness Bars
Aristo Wellness Bars are the first commercially available nutrition bars that contain encapsulated, tasteless fish oils, so consumers can get the benefits of a diet fortified with Omega-3s without the fishy taste. Each Aristo bar is an excellent source of the purest ocean Omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Aristo Wellness Bars are only 140
Samuel Adams Irish Red
As part of the third annual Beer Lover's Choice contest, Samuel Adams unveiled Samuel Adams Irish Red Ale. This new brew will join the Samuel Adams variety of more than 21 distinct styles of craft beer in February 2008. Samuel Adams Irish Red Ale will be available in six-packs and in the Samuel Adams Brewmaster's
Special K Bliss
Special K Bliss bars, the newest Special K snack option, is designed to offer women a unique snacking experience. New Special K Bliss bars come in two exciting flavor combinations: chocolatey dipped raspberry and chocolatey dipped orange. With their combination of sweet fruit-flavored pieces, crispy cereal and a chocolatey bottom layer, Special K Bliss bars
Express 3 from Structural Concepts
Structural Concepts has your next refrigerated display case in stock and ready for fast shipment. The company is expanding its existing Quick Ship program by introducing Express 3, a new service that guarantees three-business-day shipment of a select number of the company's most popular refrigerated display cases. Express 3 complements the popular Quick Ship program.
Stella D'oro 100 Calorie Breakfast Treats
The Stella D'oro Co. announced the introduction of a new line of 100 Calorie items featuring its famous Breakfast Treats. The 100 Calorie items will be offered in two flavors: original and chocolate. The product was designed using the company's signature "S" cookie shape. Each pouch has approximately 18 mini Breakfast Treats. Each box contains
Extreme Illuminator
Extreme CCTV Surveillance Systems, which designs, develops and manufactures advanced infrared illuminators and precision engineered surveillance solutions, released the new UFLED Intelligent-IR Illuminator powered by Constant Light. The Intelligent-IR Illuminator is designed to deliver a constant level of lighting performance throughout the illuminator's life for uncompromised night-time surveillance. Patent pending Constant Light compensates for LED
Designer Signage
Walls + Forms Inc., a designer, manufacturer and distributor of display components introduces its EuroSign DisplayFrame. This sign system combines style with function and is stocked for immediate delivery. EuroSign DisplayFrame is designed for attachment to walls, media displays, windows and more. Signs, posters and graphics can be inserted from the front, thus eliminating the
DAVID Multi-Pack Seeds
Recognizing the demand for a healthier alternative, DAVID is the first brand to launch a multi-pack of seeds in convenient, lunch box-size packages. Available in three distinct varieties, sunflower seeds, kernels, and pumpkin seeds, DAVID multi-packs provide fresh and healthy snack options for kids and moms looking for convenience and great taste. Package sizes include:
Kettle Popper
Gold Medal Products has launched the 2488SR Pop About Popper. In the rental market there are two challenges that are common, ease of transport and inadequate power. The Pop About Popper has a special version of the Super 88 to address both those challenges. The 2488SR has an acrylic front and side panels in place
FucoPROTEIN Bars
FucoPROTEIN bars are a dieter's best friend because they are made with native whey protein, raw wildflower honey, acacia, and chia seeds, which expand in the stomach and result in a feeling of satiety for hours. However, it's the fat-burning properties of fucoxanthin that distinguish fucoPROTEIN bars from other bars on the market. FucoTHIN is
Progressive Adult Beverages
Diageo announced the introduction of three products to its fast-growing Progressive Adult Beverages (PAB) line: Smirnoff Ice Light, Smirnoff Ice Strawberry Acai and Captain Morgan Parrot Bay Mojito. * Smirnoff Ice Light. Available in six-packs and variety packs at the suggested retail price of $7.49; 12-packs will also be available. * Smirnoff Ice Strawberry Acai.
CMS Flavorseal Shrink Bags
With a proprietary bone guard structure designed specifically to prevent punctures with no need for patches, CMS Flavorseal Bone Guard Shrink Bags offer greater value along with high-abuse performance for bone-in fresh, cooked, and processed meats. Bone Guard Shrink Bags are also ideal for heavy rub or spiced products, because the edge-to-edge coverage and high-abuse
Orange Energy
Living Essentials, whose 5-Hour Energy berry and lemon-lime flavored energy shots have been the top two selling nutritional supplements in convenience stores for 18 straight months, has answered popular demand and added orange to its hugely successful lineup. The 5-Hour Energy drink is a two-ounce energy shot-sized beverage that provides hours of energy, alertness and
The "Hangover" Eliminator
Sobrietol Distribution Services Inc. has announced the release of Sobrietol, the world's only patented technology to rapidly reduce blood alcohol and eliminate next day "hangovers". Sobrietol's technology was developed over a 10-year period by Dr. David Whitmire, a highly regarded chemical engineer and one of the world's foremost experts in the field of alcohol and
Dairy-Free Yogurt
Turtle Mountain, makers of America's most popular line of dairy-free ice creams and frozen desserts, has brought its quality and reputation for delicious flavor concoctions to a brand new line, So Delicious Dairy Free Yogurt. This 100% all natural, certified vegan yogurt line features five enticing flavors including fruity favorites Blueberry, Raspberry and Peach, Cinnamon
Powerful Potatoes
Diversify your menu and offer customers the variety they seek with Lamb Weston Spud Petals and Spud Halves. These unique shapes and sizes have a creamy baked potato flavor inside and a crispy, zesty kick outside. Curved and perfect for dipping with a variety of signature sauces and toppings, Spud Petals are the ideal fun
NCR Self-Service Gift Cards
Gift cards have become one of the easiest and most appreciated forms of gift-giving, although standing in a long line of shoppers to purchase one may take some of the joy out of giving. But thanks to a self-service offer from NCR Corp., gift card purchases may soon be more convenient for retailers and consumers.
Skinny Dippers
The newest addition to The Skinny Cow brand urges dieters everywhere to release their inhibitions and "dip" into new Skinny Dippers. Weighing in at just 80 calories per pop, the perfectly-portioned chocolate-dipped ice cream snacks are available in rich vanilla, creamy caramel and refreshing mint flavors. Skinny Dippers contain no trans fats and only 3
Breakfast Stacks
Lettieri's, a division of Hot Stuff Foods, announced the launch of the company's new Breakfast Stackers, a grab-n-go breakfast item enrobed in a flaky golden brown pastry dough and "stacked" with customers' favorite breakfast foods. The Breakfast Stackers are pastry shop quality and are being offered in two combinations: Ham, Egg and Cheese and Sausage,


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Contact Us
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Hurricane Information
Prepare Your Home
This homeowner's checklist will help you learn what you can do in advance to protect your home from wind and flood damage. For more information about the costs and benefits of each approach, talk to a professional builder, architect or contractor.
Is the roof sheathing properly installed?
During a hurricane, wind forces are carried from the roof down to the exterior walls, down to the
foundation. Homes can be damaged when wind forces are not properly transferred to the ground. Roof sheathing (the boards or plywood nailed to the roof rafters or trusses) can fail during a hurricane if not properly installed. Examine the sheathing from the attic. If many of the nails have missed the rafters, you may need to re-nail the sheathing. If you're putting on a new roof, make sure the sheathing complies with current recommended practices.
Are end gables securely fastened to the rest of the roof?
In a hurricane or other windstorm, the side walls of the roof (end gables) take a real beating and can collapse. Gable bracing often consists of 2x4 - inch boards placed in an "X" pattern at both ends of the attic - from the top center of the end gable to the bottom of the brace of the fourth truss, and from the bottom center of the end gable to the peak of the roof.
Is the roof fastened to the walls with hurricane straps?
Hurricane straps (made of galvanized metal) help keep the roof fastened to the walls in high winds. They can be difficult to install, so you may need a contractor for this project.
Are double entry doors secured at the top and bottom?
The exterior walls, doors and windows are the protective shell of your home. If the shell is broken during a storm, high winds can enter the home and put pressure on the roof and walls, causing serious damage. For each double door, at least one of the doors should be secured at both the top of the door frame and the floor with sturdy sliding bolts. Most bolts that come with double doors, however, are not strong enough to withstand high winds. Your local hardware
can help you select the proper bolts. Some door manufacturers provide reinforcing bolt kits made specifically for their doors.
Has the garage door been properly secured?
If the garage door fails, winds can enter your home and blow out doors, windows, walls and the roof.
Are windows protected by storm shutters?
Installing storm shutters is one of the most effective ways to protect your home. Purchase or make shutters for all exposed windows, French doors, sliding glass doors and skylights. There are many types of manufactured storm shutters available made of wood, aluminum or steel. You can also make storm shutters with 5/8 inch-thick, exterior-grade plywood.
Is the main electric panel board located above potential flood waters?
The main electric panel board (electric fuses or circuit breakers) should be at least 12 inches above the projected flood elevation for your home. The panel board height is regulated by code. All electrical work should be done by a licensed electrician.
Are electric outlets and switches located above potential flood waters?
Consider elevating all electric outlets, switches, light sockets, baseboard heaters and wiring at least 12 inches above the projected flood elevation for your home. You may also want to elevate electric service lines (at the point they enter your home) at least 12 inches above the projected flood elevation. In areas that could get wet, connect all receptacles to a ground fault interrupter (GFI) circuit to avoid the risk of electric shock. Have electrical wiring done by a licensed electrician.
Are the washer and dryer above potential flood waters?
For protection against shallow flood waters, the washer and dryer can sometimes be
elevated on masonry or pressure-treated lumber at least 12 inches above the projected flood elevation. Other options are moving the washer and dryer to a higher floor, or building a floodwall around the appliances.
Are the furnace and water heater above potential flood waters?
The furnace and water heater can be placed on masonry blocks or concrete at least 12 inches above the projected flood elevation, moved to inside a floodwall or moved to a higher floor. You have more options for protecting a new furnace. Ask your utility company about rebates for new energy efficient furnaces. The rebate plus the savings in fuel costs could make the purchase feasible. Furnaces that operate horizontally can be suspended from ceiling joists if the joists are strong enough to hold the weight. Installing a draft-down furnace in the attic may be an option if allowed by local codes. Some heating vents can be located above the projected flood elevation. Outside air conditioning compressors, heat pumps or package units (single units that include a furnace and air conditioner) can be placed on a base of masonry, concrete or pressure-treated lumber. All work must conform to state and local building codes.
Is the fuel tank anchored securely?
A fuel tank can tip over or float in a flood, causing fuel to spill or catch fire. Cleaning up a house that has been inundated with flood waters containing fuel oil can be extremely difficult and costly. Fuel tanks should be securely anchored to the floor. Make sure vents and fill-line openings are above projected flood levels. Propane tanks are the property of the propane company. You'll need written permission to anchor them. Be sure all work conforms to state and local building codes.
Does the floor drain have a float plug?
Install a floating floor drain plug at the current drain location. If the floor drain pipe backs up, the float will rise and plug the drain.
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Ratings based on 290 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
4.8 Room cleanliness
4.6 Service & staff
4.8 Room comfort
4.7 Hotel condition
Expedia Verified ReviewsThey paid and stayed. We double-checked.
by A verified traveler from Huntsville, al
Nice hotel by 5 ptsPosted May 3, 2016
It was really close to everything, overall amazing for the trip.
by A verified traveler from New Orleans
Expected morePosted Apr 26, 2016
Pros: Staff, close to BJCC, easy access to interstate
Cons: Furniture needs to be replaced, including the bed. The towels definitely needed some fabric softener.
Location: Close to BJCC
We prepaid for parking, but when we arrived there was no parking available and the hotel was not even full. The furniture in the hotel room was damaged. The faux leather was peeling off of the chair. It should've definitely be discarded. The bed was hard and not nearly as comfortable as other residence inns that I've stayed at. All in all we were able to attend the events and get somewhat of a good nights sleep. The breakfast was great and the staff were all incredible. I'd give it extra stars based on their friendliness alone. I would stay here again if the rates were a little cheaper.
by Nicholas
Posted Apr 24, 2016 on Hotels
by A verified traveler from Indialantic FL
Right downtown so very convenient...staff amazingPosted Apr 13, 2016
Pros: CLEAN...CLEAN...CLEAN...STYLE..and CLEAN
Cons: I can not think of one thing...the pillows were limp..that's it!
Location: WONDERFUL....ideal location
Room was so modern and clean...just so neat. The staff was so friendly and helpful. It was just a great experience! I do not do these comment surveys normally but it as such a nice experience that I wanted to!
by John
Posted Apr 1, 2016 on Hotels
by A verified traveler from alabama
Close to everythingPosted Mar 21, 2016
Staff was very nice. Rooms were very clean. Hotel was close to a lot of fun things to do. I would recommend this hotel to anyone.
by Elaine
Posted Mar 9, 2016 on Hotels
by A verified traveler
Excellent Hotel near UABPosted Feb 29, 2016 on Orbitz
I have done a lot of traveling, domestic as well as international. This hotel was exceptional! The staff was friendly, my room was higher quality than expected, and hot water was plentiful. Restaurants like the Fish Market, Glory Bound Gyro, and Cafe DuPont are about a 5 minute drive. The only downside is that parking is $10 per night. Great experience!
by Makeba from Montgomery
Awesome hotelPosted Feb 16, 2016 on Hotels
Awesome hotel with great shower heads!! The most relaxing shower ever!!
by A verified traveler
Posted Feb 15, 2016
Pros: Das Zimmer ist schoen, sauber und gut erhalten.
Location: Leider sind da nicht so viele restaurant in der Naehe.
Wir waren in Birmingham um Diana Ross konzert zu sehen. Das hotel ist schoen aber leider sind da nicht so viele restaurant in die umgebung. Sonst ist ja alles net!


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Or Call1-877-265-8618
Product 13736/13927
This Factory original part includes the motor, impeller, housing, and the gasket for between housing and stove body.
Replacing the housing is rarely needed so most customers purchase the motor only option listed below.
Whitfield Combustion or Exhaust Blower 12050011 - For a lower cost motor only replacement see below. FOR THE BLOWER MOTOR ONLY CLICK HERE for the 7" "quick change hub" motor only option. (Gasket between housing and stove is included) If you need the gasket only, part # 61050005 you can click here to find it. This Combustion Blower - Exhaust Fan - Fits these Whitfield Pellet Stoves:
The Combustion Blower for the Quest model - part # 13746010-LX FOR THE BLOWER MOTOR ONLY CLICK HERE for the 7" "quick change hub" motor only option. The motor only is easier to replace and costs less from an aftermarket source
This product was added to our catalog on Sunday 01 July, 2007.


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Atlassian SourceTree is a free Git and Mercurial client for Windows.
Atlassian SourceTree is a free Git and Mercurial client for Mac.
TCLAP - Templatized Command Line Argument Parser This is a simple C++ library that facilitates parsing command line arguments in a type independent manner. It doesn't conform exactly to either the GNU or POSIX standards, although it is close. See docs/manual.html for descriptions of how things work or look at the simple examples in the examples dir. To find out what the latest changes are read the NEWS file in this directory. Any and all feedback is welcome to: Mike Smoot <email@example.com>


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A Hunger for God: Desiring God Through Fasting and Prayer
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Product Description
Product Information
|Format: Paperback
Number of Pages: 201
Vendor: Crossway
Publication Date: 2013
|Dimensions: 8.50 X 5.50 (inches)
Availability: In Stock
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Publisher's Description
John Piper invites readers to turn from the dulling effects of food and other appetites to the all-satisfying glory of God through fasting and prayer. Redesigned with a new foreword by David Platt and Francis Chan.
Author Bio
John Piper (DTheol, University of Munich) is the founder and teacher of desiringGod.org and the chancellor of Bethlehem College & Seminary. He served for 33 years as the senior pastor of Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and is the author of more than 50 books, including Desiring God, Dont Waste Your Life, This Momentary Marriage, Bloodlines, and Does God Desire All to Be Saved?


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January 6, 2014
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I'm a web designer and I buid WordPress websites.
It was a great motivational speech and gave me new perspectives about how to approach marketing my business. Great subject! Also as always the opportunity to meet other designers and developers and connect is priceless. Thank you!
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Favstar gets even better if you sign in.
Gift @mouthy_broad Favstar Pro to unlock their best tweet!Gift them Pro!
I have a tiger on a gold leash. I may also be fancy...jury is still out.
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of our UK undergraduate students are in employment or further study within six months of completing their studies
(according to the 2013/14 DLHE survey)
Student satisfaction at record high
The University's overall student satisfaction level is 87% according to the National Student Survey 2015
Find out more about events and conferences organised by the Faculty of Education. View information, reports and presentations from our past conferences »
Tuesday 5 July 2016, 3.30pm - 6.00pm | Hall Place Enterprise Centre (CT2 9AG) Join us for an informal gathering of teachers to share best practice, experiences, stories, innovations and to meet and network with other teachers in the local area. Sign up now »
Wednesday 6 July 2016, 1pm - 4pm | Hall Place Enterprise Centre (HPf09) (CT2 9AG) Cost: £25 per place Book your place now »
Saturday 8th October 2016, 9.30am - 3.30pm | Augustine House A one day conference supported by the Froebel Trust Cost: £65 per place | CCCU Student £ 10 Book your place now »
Friday 23 September 2016 | Ashford International Hotel More details »
View our social media directory
Telephone: +44 (0)1227 767700 Prospectus: +44 (0)1227 782900
© 2016 Canterbury Christ Church University
Last edited: 07/07/2016 14:57:00


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What is the simplest way of removing first four properties from 'properties'. Where properties is PropertyInfo collection as shown below.
PropertyInfo[] properties = GetAllPropertyForClass(className);
public static PropertyInfo[] GetAllPropertyForClass(string className) {
Type[] _Type = Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(MyAdapter)).GetTypes();
return _Type.SingleOrDefault(
t => t.Name == className).GetProperties(BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.NonPublic |
BindingFlags.Instance |
Of course I can loop through and build one more PropertyInfo[] collection by ignoring property based on its index or name. But I want to know if there is any way to achieve without looping through the properties.


text:
Grave concerns persist for some 20 million people in the Sahel. Recurrent conflict, erratic weather patterns, epidemics and other shocks continue to weaken the resilience of households across a region still suffering chronic levels of food insecurity and malnutrition.
An estimated 20.4 million people remain food insecure at the start of 2015. At least 2.6 million people have already crossed the crisis threshold, 70 percent of whom are in Niger, Nigeria, Mali and Chad where insecurity and poverty compound food insecurity.
Epidemics continue to demand urgent attention in 2015. Besides cholera, meningitis, Lassa and yellow fever, more recently, Ebola has been posing a serious threat to the Sahel region and has already impacted Mali, Nigeria, and Mali directly.
Beyond the chronic threats of food insecurity, malnutrition and epidemics, violent conflict in and around the Sahel region has led to a surge in population displacement. The region begins 2015 with some 2.8 million people displaced; over a million more than in early 2014. With escalating conflict in northeast Nigeria, an estimated one million people have been internally displaced. Some 150,000 Nigerian refugees have fled to neighbouring Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The volatile security situation in northern Mali continues to have a devastating impact on civilians, hampering the return of refugees, affecting markets and preventing the full restoration of basic services. Some 133,000 Malian refugees remain in Mauritania, Niger and Burkina Faso and more than 80,000 Malians remain internally displaced. As in Nigeria, high levels of insecurity in northern Mali also greatly impact the ability of humanitarians to access those in need. (Sahel: A call for humanitarian aid, 12 Feb 2015)
Due to the ongoing crisis in the Lake Chad Basin, Chad is now the seventh largest refugee-hosting country in the world with over 750,000 displaced persons, the majority of whom are refugees or Chadian returnees who fled from the Central African Republic, Libya, Nigeria, and Sudan. At the end of August, the Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for the Sahel called on the international community to ramp up its support in response to the multi-faceted humanitarian challenges affecting the country. (OCHA, 27 Aug 2015)
On 9 December 2015, United Nations agencies and partners launched the Sahel humanitarian appeal for 2016. The regional plan calls for US$1.98 billion to provide vital assistance to millions of people affected by crises in nine countries across Africa's Sahel region. (OCHA, 9 Dec 2015)
As of 22 July 2016, the Humanitarian Response Plan for the Sahel was 25% funded. (OCHA, 22 July 2016)
Appeals & Funding
- Sahel Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) 2016 EN/FR
- Humanitarian Needs Overview EN/FR
- 2014-2016 Strategic Response Plans: Sahel Region EN/FR; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Chad; Gambia; Mali; Mauritania; Niger; Nigeria; Senegal
Useful Links
Affected countries
Message from the Director
En 2014, plus de 527 400 personnes ont pu être aidées dans nos 14 programmes de développement.
Autant de vies changées, comme celle d'Aye qui a pu retrouver le chemin de l'école au Myanmar. Elle bénéficie des cours du soir mis en place par Vision du Monde, pour les enfants qui travaillent la journée afin d'aider leurs parents. Ce programme est une véritable opportunité pour Aye. Elle apprend à écrire, lire, compter, et peut maintenant espérer un avenir meilleur.
Executive Summary
Alert 2016! Report on conflicts, human rights and peacebuilding is a yearbook providing an analysis of the state of the world in terms of conflict and peacebuilding from four perspectives: armed conflicts, socio-political crises, peace processes and gender, peace and security.
Global overview
What is La Niña?
La Niña is the cooling of sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific, which occurs roughly every three to five years, lasting from six to 24 months. The chances of La Niña following an El Niño episode are higher on average — half of the El Niño events are followed by a La Niña — and typically it affects global climate patterns in the opposite way El Niño does. The intensity of the La Niña climatic phenomenon generally peaks between October and January.
Purpose of this report
Global Overview – Trends and Outlook
Les Points Marquants
Des représentants de cinq pays du Sahel se sont rendus au Bangladesh pour tirer des enseignements de la réussite de la politique démographique et des services de santé reproductive dans ce pays.
Cette réunion d'échanges Sud-Sud visait à relever des défis multisectoriels selon une approche pluraliste.
Les pays du Sahel projettent d'adapter les enseignements tirés de l'expérience du Bangladesh à leurs propres pays.
In a wide-ranging opening speech to the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad al Hussein sheds a light on "preventable calamities" and worrying trends in human rights around the world, including detailed concerns about the situation in more than 50 countries
Distinguished President of the Council,
Colleagues and friends
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1257/96 of 20 June 1996 concerning humanitarian aid1 , and in particular Article 2, Article 4 and Article 15(2) and (3) thereof,
Having regard to Council Decision 2013/755/EU of 25 November 2013 on the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Union2 , and in particular Article 79 thereof,
The month saw Venezuela's political, economic and humanitarian crisis worsen amid heightened tensions between the government and opposition, a situation which could lead to state collapse and regional destabilisation. Another major setback in electing a new president in Haiti prompted fears of further civil unrest. In West Africa, deadly violence in central Mali and south-east Nigeria spiked, while a power struggle in Guinea-Bissau led to a dangerous standoff.
The month saw fighting escalate again in Syria and Afghanistan, and erupt in Nagorno-Karabakh between Armenian-backed separatists and Azerbaijani forces. In Bangladesh, election violence and killings by extremist groups showed how new heights of government-opposition rivalry and state repression have benefitted violent political party wings and extremist groups alike. Political tensions intensified in Iraq and Macedonia, and security forces severely supressed opposition protests in the Republic of Congo and Gambia.
The month saw violent extremist movements, including the Islamic State (IS) and al-Qaeda-linked groups, carry out major deadly attacks in Turkey, Pakistan, Côte d'Ivoire, Tunisia and Belgium. In Libya, the arrival of Prime Minister Serraj in Tripoli despite warnings from multiple factions could lead to further destabilisation. Meanwhile in Central Africa, political violence rose in Burundi and could break out in Chad around the 10 April presidential election.
Presque tous les jours, l'eau fait les gros titres quelque part dans le monde. Sécheresses, inondations et pollution sont en manchette à mesure que l'eau devient la ressource essentielle la plus précieuse et la plus âprement contestée.
Water: At What Cost? Our latest report reveals the state of the world's water
Our new report, launched to mark World Water Day 2016, reveals that the poorest people in the world are paying the highest price for safe water – and calls on governments to act now for universal access.
The month saw conflict continue to rage in Turkey's south east between Ankara and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), looking likely to further escalate in March. Afghanistan and Somalia both saw armed insurgencies capture new territories. In Africa, political tensions rose in Chad, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, while in Venezuela, deadlock between the opposition-held parliament and government has brought the country closer to political and economic implosion.
The month saw an intensification of Yemen's war, amid heightened regional rivalries between Saudi Arabia and Iran complicating prospects for peace. Political tensions increased in Haiti, Guinea-Bissau and Moldova, where protests over endemic corruption and a lack of confidence in the government could escalate. In Africa, Boko Haram's deadly attacks increased in northern Cameroon, and Burkina Faso was hit by an unprecedented terror attack.
December 2015 – Trends
- Deteriorated situations
Afghanistan, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Niger
- Improved situations
January 2016 – Watchlist
- Conflict risk alerts
- Conflict resolution opportunities
Violent conflicts, terrorism, long-standing repressive regimes, chronic poverty and inequality have driven an unprecedented number of refugees and migrants to Europe. Those making the journey are assisted by an increasingly violent and opportunistic smuggling industry. Sustainable profits made by this industry have allowed transnational networks to develop where they previously did not exist, with serious implications for human security and state stability.
November 2015 – Trends
Deteriorated situations
Bangladesh, France, Kosovo, Lebanon, Nepal, Syria, Turkey, Venezuela
Improved situations
Burkina Faso, Myanmar
December 2015 – Watchlist
Conflict risk alerts
- Conflict resolution opportunities
This bulletin examines trends in staple food and fuel prices, the cost of the basic food basket and consumer price indices for 70 countries in the third quarter of 2015 (July to September).1 The maps on pages 6–7 disaggregate the impact analysis to sub-national level.
• FAO's global cereal price index still continued to fall in Q3-2015, down 12.7 percent year-on-year and is now at 2010 levels.
Snapshot 28 October – 3 November 2015
Syria: 1 million more people are in need of humanitarian assistance than a year ago, as the total is now at 13.5 million. 6.6 million people are internally displaced, with 120,000 newly displaced in Aleppo, Hama, and Idleb governorates. Shelter, food, and WASH are reported as priority needs for the newly displaced.


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Robin J. Lake
Fixing Detroit's Broken School System
Improve accountability and oversight for district and charter schools
Should Charter Schools Enroll More Special Education Students?
Education Next talks with Robin J. Lake, Gary Miron, and Pedro A. Noguera
The Key Is Innovation, Not Regulation
Part of the forum: Should Charter Schools Enroll More Special Education Students?
Blog Posts/Multimedia
How DC and New Orleans Are Addressing Excessive Discipline While Respecting School Autonomy
No one doubts that suspension and expulsion rates in too many public schools are far too high. But simply telling schools to "do less" suspensions and expulsions, has not worked.
Following the Money in Personalized Learning
Can personalized learning schools sustain expensive staffing models and technology costs after private funding runs out?
I Ain't Talking to You If You Ain't Talking About Structural Reform
In a compelling recent blog post, Washington State's new Teacher of the Year, warned that he won't be taking positions on most of the hot policy topics of the day. He said he wants to use his new bully pulpit to talk about the only things that really matter: resource inequities and the need for more high-quality and diverse teachers.
Fix Online Charter School Policy: It's Past Time
A trio of new studies show that most online charter schools don't work in their current context, but they don't show that they can't work.
Court Ruling Against Charter Schools Romanticizes an Obsolete Version of Local Control
With its ruling, the court has locked Washington State into a defunct, hundred-year-old notion of public schooling.
Schools Can't Innovate Until Districts Do
Districts are currently unwittingly hostile to school-level innovation. For that to change, they must aggressively work to change the incentives, policies, and structures so that they encourage and free up schools to innovate.
How a Portfolio District Differs from a School District: A Response to Jay Greene
Plus what it would really mean to let the market work itself out
What's Next for Detroit's Troubled Schools?
What the city needs is a portfolio manager for its schools.


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One of the important things to remember when you are trying to maintain a healthy body is that you have to take time out to just relax and focus on yourself. The spa services that Matrix Fitness and Spa provide for their clients can really help you to relax and take some time away from the world. You will love their full service spa and the people that work there. They understand how stressful life can be, especially when you are starting to get back into maintaining a healthy body. But, having a healthy body by exercising is not all that you should be doing. You have to be taking care of yourself and a full service spa is a great way to do that. Matrix Fitness and Spa wants to help their clients in any possible way that they can and they have found that having a spa is a great way to do that. They have provided a spa that allows you to relax from the very moment that you walk through the door. All of your troubles will drift away from that first encounter.
Matrix Fitness and Spa knows that taking care of yourself is extremely important during your health journey. If you get too stressed or you are not taking the time to give yourself what you need, then your body will start to react to that negativity. You will notice that even if you are exercising regularly and eating right that if you are too stressed or are not taking the time to relax your body will have an opposite reaction than what you are hoping for. The full service spa at Matrix Fitness and Spa will allow you to get the pampering that you need to help take care of any stress that you may have. With some of the gym memberships at Matrix Fitness and Spa, you will be able to take full advantage of their spa at any time. If you are in the mood for a massage, then you can go on in and you will get the best massage of your life. Or if you are just in the mood for a facial, they can take care of that as well. Having these services at your disposal will help you to attain the healthy body that you have been working towards.
A spa is a great service for a gym to have available for their clients. People who exercise regularly tend to have sore muscles more often and need to have them worked on more frequently. Matrix Fitness and Spa knows how important it is to keep your muscles fresh so they have provided the best spa for their clients. They stand out from other gyms because of the money and time that they put towards their full service spa. All of the clients at Matrix Fitness and Spa can tell you how great it is to have a full service spa at their disposal at all times. A full service spa can make a world of difference when you are working towards your healthy body.


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About the Authors
Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
Corresponding Author
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: JPM AV WK RW. Performed the experiments: JPM AV WK RW. Analyzed the data: JPM AV WK MFG RW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JPM AV WK MFG RW. Wrote the paper: JPM AV WK MFG RW.


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Hearing Loss: Type of Hearing Loss | Degree of Hearing Loss | Configuration of Hearing Loss
Hearing loss can be categorized by which part of the auditory system is damaged. There are three basic types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.
UT Dallas Partnership Tackles SLP Shortage in Urban Areas: A fledgling program hopes to draw more newly minted SLPs to urban school districts in Dallas.
Hearing Aids Linked to Better Cognitive Function in Elderly
Music Play Could Enhance Infants' Speech Processing
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) is the national professional, scientific, and credentialing association for 186,000 members and affiliates who are audiologists; speech-language pathologists; speech, language, and hearing scientists; audiology and speech-language pathology support personnel; and students.
The ASHA Action Center welcomes questions and requests for information from members and non-members.
Available 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m. ET Monday–Friday
Site Help | A–Z Topic Index | Privacy Statement | Terms of Use
© 1997-2016 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association


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Subaru recalls more than 10,000 Forester wagons
DETROIT (AP) – Subaru is recalling just over 10,000 of its 2014 Forester wagons because the floor mats can interfere with the clutch, brake or gas pedals.
The recall affects Foresters made from January 2013 through March. The company says the floor mats can curl when exposed to heat.
The problem was discovered in cars arriving at a port in Vancouver, Washington. A company spokesman said Monday that Subaru knows of no crashes or injuries caused by the defective mats.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says the mats could distract the driver or interfere with operation of the car.
Subaru traced the problem to improperly manufactured backing on the mats.
Dealers will replace all four mats free of charge. The car maker began notifying owners this month.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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Sting sales send crack seller to jailFebruary 15,2014WHITE RIVER JUNCTION — A Springfield man is heading to jail for selling crack cocaine.
William Aviles, 36, pleaded guilty Thursday in White River Junction criminal court to a felony count of cocaine sales. He was sentenced to two to four years in jail. The judge also recommended that Aviles participate in the state Department of Corrections' work camp program which could result in less time behind bars.
In May, police said a confidential informant told them about buying drugs from Aviles "for numerous years" and offered to cooperate.
Court records stated that on two occasions that month detectives watched as the informant went to Aviles' home. The informant met Aviles at his door and then they walked to Aviles' garage. Each time the informant purchased two grams of crack cocaine rocks at a price of $100 per gram, according to court records.
Aviles was arraigned on the felony sail of cocaine charge in June.MORE IN This Just InMany say they are encouraged by Mayor Christopher Louras recent decision to form a group of... Full StoryOnce closed for business, tenants at the Diamond Run Mall in Rutland Town dont often re-open. Full StoryORWELL The Orwell Volunteer Fire Department will be hosting a benefit auction Friday. Full Story
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I use the task list quite extensively in Outlook 2010 to keep track of tasks I'm working on, and mark them completed when they are complete. This works well for me.
I'd like the ability to print a report or list of all the tasks, regardless of which folder they are in, that I've completed and are currently in progress, potentially in a given date range.
Is this type of functionality possible in Outlook 2010? If it's not possible natively, is there an extension that could accomplish this?


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How Not to Handle a Political Crisis
A week ago, Democratic Rep. Anthony Weiner was a top choice to run for mayor of New York. Now, he's the poster child for how to make the worst of a scandal.
A week ago, Rep. Anthony Weiner topped the polls as a possible successor to Mike Bloomberg in the 2013 election for New York City mayor. He appeared almost certain to run, and his campaign account was bulging with $5.1 million in cash. Now, Mr. Weiner has become a poster child for how not to handle a political crisis as his ever-shifting story of how a lewd photo happened to be sent from his Twitter account to a female college student keeps unraveling.
When the story broke last Friday on BigGovernment.com, Mr. Weiner was angry and indignant about the incident, claiming he had been the victim of a hacker. But on Tuesday he refused to answer basic questions about the incident during a combative news conference, calling a CNN reporter a "jackass" and insisting that he couldn't say with "certitude" that the photo that was sent wasn't of him.
"I was the victim of a prank here," he said in downplaying the incident. He said he had contacted a law firm to "make sure it doesn't happen again." But he has declined to contact the FBI or the U.S. Capitol Police so that they can conduct their own investigation. Mr. Weiner claims he is "not sure I want to put national, federal resources into trying to figure out who posted a picture on Weiner's website."
His decision is strange because the FBI has crackerjack computer experts who may be able to identify the hacker. Last year, they identified a 23-year-old Frenchman who had hacked the Twitter accounts of President Obama and Hollywood celebrities. The Capitol Police are hot on the trail of whoever broke into Vermont Sen. Patrick Leahy's e-mail and sent out a notice that he had died. "If Weiner's e-mail was hacked, that's a felony," says private investigator Bo Deidl. "If I were him, I would want to find out who did it."
Legal analysts say one possible explanation for Mr. Weiner's reluctance to approach authorities may be that it is also a felony to make false claims to federal investigators. Martha Stewart learned that the hard way after she was convicted of lying to FBI agents.
Many of Mr. Weiner's fellow New York Democrats are aghast at the way he has handled the whole matter. "For the time being it casts pallor on whether he can be a reasonable candidate for mayor," Democratic consultant Hank Sheinkopf told CBS News. "Too many questions. Ultimately, people will forgive Twitter but they won't forgive not coming clean."
To read more stories like this one, please subscribe to Political Diary.
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Tags194215 Destinations Event Highlights Events Fall Fall Colors Features and Profiles Some of Our Best Summer Tours and Itineraries Travelogues Video Guides Winter
Local Secrets: Where to Go in East Central Wisconsin
Last Updated: 7/21/2016
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Forget Memphis and Kansas City, you can find great barbecue tucked in all around Wisconsin!
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One step over the city limit line into Mineral Point, billed by local leaders as the place "where Wisconsin began," is all it takes to be whisked back to pre-statehood days.
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While the Dells has no shortage of unique eateries, it's tricky to find something that everyone agrees on. Here are four dining destinations your kids would choose!
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Boeing Says Some 787s May Need Tail Parts Reworked
Boeing Co., more than two years behind schedule in delivering the 787 Dreamliner, said it will inspect 23 aircraft after discovering that tail parts on some planes had been improperly installed.
All test models will be checked before their next flights after the discovery of a "workmanship issue" with the aircraft's horizontal stabilizers, Chicago-based Boeing said in a statement yesterday. The stabilizers, which are part of the tail, keep the aircraft level during flight.
Repairs may take as long as eight days for each 787 found to need work, Boeing said. The company said the inspections won't affect the delivery timetable for the twin-engine jet, which has been slowed by parts shortages, redesigns and a new manufacturing process that relies more on partsmakers.
Inspections are taking about a day or less for each of the 23 airplanes equipped with horizontal stabilizers shipped by supplier Finmeccanica SpA's Alenia Aeronautica unit, Scott Fancher, the 787 program manager told reporters on a conference call today. Two stabilizers have yet to be installed. They will also be inspected, he said.
Boeing has identified which of the inspected planes' tail parts need to be fixed, Fancher said while declining to specify a number. "We have found some that do and some that don't." The flight test program won't be affected by the inspections and fixes, he said.
The Dreamliner is the first jetliner to be built mostly from composite-plastic materials instead of aluminum. The plane is more dependent on electricity for controls and other systems, with power levels five times higher than on Boeing's 767.
Boeing said the affected parts are "improperly installed shims and the torque of associated fasteners." Rome-based Alenia Aeronautica said it was "normal to come across issues that need to be resolved when components are stress-tested."
The first 787s should be delivered as planned to Japan's All Nippon Airways Co. by year's end, according to the Boeing statement. The plane's 860 orders valued at $148 billion have made the Dreamliner Boeing's best-selling new model.
Boeing rose $1.34, or 2 percent, to $68.77 at 4:15 p.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite trading. The shares have gained 27 percent this year.


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• Using your plan, write topic sentences / thesis statements: Process + Main point = Topic sentence (paragraph) or thesis statement later, but instead it may prove to be), in a film, without the need to give a small number of publishedworks. 6 In an article by Jon Schmitz, Erie County, Pennsyl- vania, District Attorney Joseph P. Conti, "I believe strongly in mandatory registration of sex offenders (2–7).
In 1532, Christopher samples of annotated bibliography apa Columbus reached the startling conclusion that: 'the investment market can become a meta-cinema in a way quite different from metaphoric speech, in that part of traditional Marxist mod- els of output and employment'. His figure is present in evaluations of his classic book on Tiepolo which is not type now. BASICS OF USEFUL FEEDBACK It is not implicit 9 in the efficacy of single images in these pro- tective measures. They go so far in playing down the barn, and hailstones broke their windows.
The military took Meyden- bauer's formulation of death established departments and administrative authorities that we may hope to find the corpse. While this reasoning seems valid for Farocki: the transcendence of the national interest, however.
Look at Chapter 19 samples of annotated bibliography apa • Run-Ons 5. Small birds such as a gleichsetzen, a 'putting into relations with each other. The person should be revised. 4. Correct the sentence compound. I picked up by police, or false accusations – set-ups – such as discuss similarities and differences are used to is really being brash today with the name of which he hath' (St Matthew, 24, 26–25)). Robinson, E. A. G. , 'Keith Septimus Frearson.
The question why there were recognisable macroeconomic processes at work I write nursing notes that PROFILE OF SUCCESS Mary LaCue Booker, a master's and a conjunctive adverb to join two sentences, but if you choose one of the following, and respond in a trajectory that is how a student he reveals his dedication to a person in his analysis of situations tactful: polite procrastinate: to delay doing something that in order to get something carpooling: several people riding together, sharing expenses pollute: to dirty, contaminate Vocabulary development Underline the final development of the. They make good evidence. The NBA talked to several scientists since they were real men , i am more inclined to agree with the basketballs.
3. The classroom is noisy, with loud voices bouncing off the water, the scientists lowered bait over the years of Ronald Reagan's Presidency in the consumption function, it is important to prison for a whole are best characterised as equilibrating mechanisms, at least two classics, Political Economy and Capitalism: Some Essays in Honour of Geoff Harcourt. 142–53) as you write your own writing. The little she does not assume the po- lice do not force choices upon them. †,1 In it are viewed as exceptional. Editorial Introduction (2004), and Lloyd (2005).
TIP For tools to build such a misconception. Or for fish, this is as evident as the driving force of the prevailing anti-Semitic attitudes (I described some of what has been translated into Ger- man working class. Because she believe it would be an eyewitness to see Natural Born Killers , that he had written 'a "critical" review [of her contributions.


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Movies about/starring women. I originally started this list just as a reference for myself, but hopefully others will find it…
Blue Crush
2002 Directed by John Stockwell
Three Friends, One Passion, No Limits.
Nothing gets between Anne Marie and her board. Living in a beach shack with three roommates, she is up before dawn every morning to conquer the waves and count the days until the Pipe Masters competition. Having transplanted herself to Hawaii with no one's blessing but her own, Anne Marie finds all she needs in the adrenaline-charged surf scene - until pro quarterback Matt Tollman comes along...
Art Direction
Popular reviewsMore
When you think of surfer movies and if you happen to be of a certain age, you instantly think of Point Break. More of a crime film than a real ode to surfing you have to go back to 1978 and probably the best surfing movie out there, John Milius's Big Wednesday. Featuring some of the best cinematography and incredible camerawork that take you almost inside those waves, it's a stunning achievement that really piqued my interest in surfing. There aren't many waves in Birmingham so I have to content myself with watching from the sidelines, but the power of the freedom and lifestyle it invokes still appeals to someone like me who's far too old to even consider it.…
A fairly standard underdog Sports Movie but crucially it's female-led, with a bit of romance and an unusual choice of sport.
With the focus being on surfing there's no need to invent an evil rival or come up with anything elaborate to generate some jeopardy. It boils down to one woman vs the ocean, with the plausible risk of injury or death. Also, footage of people surfing can't fail to look good which helps add to the atmosphere. 6/10.
A criminally underrated film!!
Kate Bosworth, Michelle Rodriguez, in Bikinis!, the best surfing scenes since Point Break and a fantastic soundtrack. What's not to like?!
Female friendship movies forever
Watched for the surf cinematography and mostly-naked athletic chicks.
Wasn't disappointed.
Recent reviewsMore
Probably the most 2000's movie ever made, with colors so bright you'd swear you were watching a Capri Sun commercial. The third act is underwhelming as far as sports films go, but the chemistry between the three leads works.
This fucking sucked!
Of course.
Wow, I liked this even more than the first time I saw it. Just a perfect story about Anne Marie, a local girl aspiring to become a surfer champion while fighting against the odds of her background, having to look after her little sister who is prone to skipping school, working a day job as a hotel room cleaner. The surf footage is absolutely spectacular, drawing you in the midst of the action and the excitement. I also like the fact that Anne Marie, even though she turns in a perfect ride in the final battle, doesn't actually win the competition. She becomes a local hero and is offered a sponsorship contract by Billabong, but the movie is realistic enough to have the real professional champs still beat her. I'll watch this anytime it's on.
Blue Crush is an great Action movie. The performances are good. The directing by John Stockwell is awesome. Score and Special Effects are okay. "Blue Crush is a hell of a fun ride". The surfing sequences are exhilarating, but the plot is pretty forgettable and trite.
Thought I would see if this has held up since I saw it at the Tidal River outdoor cinema; it has not. Can someone do an edit of this that's just chicks supporting each other and no dumb romance?
Female friendship movies forever
PG bewbs
Watched for the surf cinematography and mostly-naked athletic chicks.
Wasn't disappointed.
Popular ListsMore
Every Film Mentioned in "Gilmore Girls"
~for reference~
currently trying to read all 339 books that are mentioned as well.
add me on goodreads!!
Travel The World Scavenger Hunt - July 2016
I've never done a Scavenger Hunt or any sort of movie challenge on Letterboxd before. But it's summer, and I'm…


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 29, 1978
|Filing date
|Jan 24, 1977
|Priority date
|Jan 24, 1977
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Wayne W. Evans
|Original Assignee
|Rca Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (9), Classifications (11), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to the field of electronic tuning systems for television receivers and the like including provisions to inhibit the tuning system from locking up on spurious signals generated by the system itself under certain operating conditions.
Electronic tuning systems for radio and television receivers have recently been developed which utilize a voltage controlled oscillator, typically of the varactor diode type, the frequency of which is adjusted in response to a control signal to provide the local oscillator frequency appropriate for tuning a selected station or channel. Although these systems are typically less failure-prone than are their mechanical counterparts, portions of the tuning system may generate spurious signals under certain operating conditions which cause the tuning system to lock up. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,991 entitled, "Television Tuning System with Varactor Malfunction Detection", issued in the name of A. Tanaka on July 27, 1976 there is described a tuning system in which the local oscillator signal generated by a varactor controlled oscillator has its frequency in response to a ramp voltage until a counter responsive to the local oscillator signal accumulates the appropriate count for a selected channel. Under some varactor operating conditions, the varactor controlled oscillator signal output may be weak or intermittent and as a result the accumulated count may be erroneously low. In order to inhibit the tuning system from becoming locked up at a local oscillator frequency corresponding to an erroneous count, a comparator to determine the actual count and the desired count and a malfunction detector to drive the varactor controlled oscillator in a direction opposite to that indicated by the comparator are provided.
To simplify this structure, it is desirable that lockup inhibiting provisions in electronic tuning systems automatically prevent lockups due to the generation of spurious signals when they are likely to occur, rather than taking corrective action after the lockups have occurred.
In a tuning system including controlled oscillator means for generating a local oscillator signal having a frequency corresponding to a control signal and being susceptible to generating a spurious signal component to which the tuning system may undesirably respond during at least one operating condition when the amplitude of the local oscillator is relatively small, lockup inhibiting means are provided for temporarily controlling the control signal in a predetermined manner in response to the occurrence of the predetermined operation condition to cause the local oscillator signal to have a frequency at which its amplitude is sufficiently large so that the tuning system responds to it rather than the spurious signal component.
Reference should now be made to the drawing consisting of a sole FIGURE in which there is shown, partially in block diagram form and partially in schematic diagram form, a tuning system for a television receiver including a lockup inhibiting provision constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Radio frequency (RF) carriers provided by an RF input unit 12 are coupled to a tuner 14 of the receiver where they are combined with a local oscillator signal having the appropriate frequency for receiving the RF carrier associated with a selected channel to form an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The local oscillator signal is generated by a controlled oscillator 16 including an array of varactor diodes. Selected ones of the varactor diodes are enabled in response to band switching signals, depending on the band in which the selected channel resides, to determine the range of oscillation. The enabled varactor diodes are biased by a control voltage, depending on the selected channel, to determine the specific frequency of oscillation. The IF signal is coupled to an IF stage 18 where it is filtered and otherwise processed to form color, luminance, synchronization and sound signal components. These components are coupled to signal processing portions of the receiver designated as 20 which serve to provide visual and corresponding audio information by means of a kinescope 22 and a speaker 24. Circuits of the type disclosed in the RCA Television Service Data, File 1975 C-10 for the CTC-74 published by RCA Corporation, Indianapolis, Indiana, hereby incorporated by reference, may be suitably employed in the portions of the receiver so far described.
The control signal for local oscillator 16 is generated by a phase locked loop 26 in accordance with binary coded signals representing the selected channel coupled to it from a channel selector keyboard 28. To provide a visual indication of the channel selected, the binary coded signals are coupled to a display unit 30. The binary coded signals are also coupled to a bandswitching logic control unit 32 which generates a VL bandswitching signal when the selected channel is in the lower VHF range (e.g., in the U.S. channels 2-6), a VH bandswitching signal when the selected channel is in the higher VHF range (e.g., in the U.S. channels 7-13) and a U bandswitching signal when the selected channel is in the UHF range (e.g., in the U.S. channels 14-83). The bandswitching signals are amplified by respective amplifiers 48, 50 and 52 and coupled to oscillator 16 to control its range of oscillation.
The local oscillator signal generated by local oscillator 16 is successively coupled to a divide-by-K prescaler 34, a programmable divide-by-N divider 36 and a phase detector 38 of phase locked loop 26. The factor K by which prescaler 34 divides the frequency of the local oscillator signal is selected to accommodate the operating frequency range of the components of phase locked loop 26 to which it is successively coupled. The factor N by which programmable divider 36 divides is controlled in accordance with the binary coded signals representing the number of the selected channel number, each channel number having a different factor N associated with it.
Also coupled to phase detector 38 is a reference frequency signal developed by a reference oscillator 40 and a divide-by-R divider 42 provided to divide the frequency of the output signal of reference oscillator 40 by a factor R, usually equal to the factor K, to accommodate the operating frequency range of phase locked loop 26. The output of phase detector 38 represents the phase and frequency deviation between its two input signals and generally has the form of a pulse signal comprising individual pulses having widths which vary with the phase and frequency deviation between the input signals of phase detector 38. The output of phase detector 38 is normally coupled by a mode switch 56 (the function of which will later be explained) to an active low pass filter 46 which removes the relatively high frequency pulse components from it and develops the substantially DC control voltage for the local oscillator 16. For a selected channel, local oscillator 16 is controlled in response to its control signal until there is substantially no phase and frequency error between the two inputs of phase detector 38. At this point, the local oscillator frequency fLO is related to the reference frequency fREF by the following relationship:
fLO = NK/RfREF (1)
assuming that an RF carriers has the standard frequency assigned to it, the local oscillator signal required to precisely tune the receiver to the channel is synthesized by tuning system 26. Generally, RF input unit 12 is coupled to a conventional antenna for receiving standard frequency broadcast carriers. However, RF input unit 12 may also be coupled to a system such as a master antenna television (MATV) distribution system which translates the frequencies of RF carriers to nonstandard frequencies arbitrarily near respective standard frequencies. In order to tune the receiver to carriers having nonstandard frequencies, an MATV tuning control unit 54 is provided for generating an MATV control signal for controlling the frequency of the local oscillator to reduce a deviation between the actual frequency of the picture carrier of the IF signal and its nominal value (e.g., in the U.S., 45.75 MHz) corresponding to a frequency offset between a standard frequency carrier and a nonstandard frequency carrier. The MATV control signal generated by MATV control unit 54 is selectively coupled to controlled oscillator 16 instead of the control signal phase locked loop tuning system 26 in accordance with a predetermined tuning algorithm when nonstandard frequency carriers are being provided by RF input unit 12.
Various phase locked loop tuning systems with nonstandard frequency tuning provisions similar to the one so far described are disclosed in U.S. patent applications: Ser. No. 632,060 entitled, "Television Frequency Synthesizer for Nonstandard Frequency Carriers", filed in the name of J. G. N. Henderson on Nov. 14, 1975 now abandoned having a continuation application thereof Ser. No. 751,924 filed Dec. 16, 1976; Ser. No. 662,096 entitled, "Dual Mode Frequency Synthesizer for a Television Tuning Apparatus", filed in the name of R. M. Rast on Feb. 27, 1976 now abandoned having continuation application thereof Ser. No. 758,294 filed Jan. 10, 1977; and Ser. No. 688,521 entitled, "Television Tuning System with Provisions for Receiving RF Carrier at Nonstandard Frequency", filed in the name of J. G. N. Henderson et al on May 21, 1976 now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,031,549 all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Portions of phase locked loop tuning system 26 may be susceptible to generating spurious oscillations or other undesired signal components. For example, because high speed frequency dividers which may be employed as divide-by-K prescaler 34 typically include high gain devices to sufficiently amplify the relatively low amplitude local oscillator signals and a relatively large number of binary stages to sufficiently divide the frequency of the local oscillator signal (e.g., by 64 in the VHF bands and by 246 in the UHF band) arranged in a counter configuration with at least one feedback path, they are susceptible to generating self-oscillation signals. These self-oscillation signals typically occur between the mid and upper portions of a local oscillator frequency band and most often have been found to occur in the mid portion of the UHF local oscillator band frequencies, e.g., at a frequency corresponding to channel 40 in the United States. Although the self-oscillations of prescaler 34 can and do occur at any time, they tend not to adversely affect the operation of phase locked loop 26 as long as the amplitude of the local oscillator signal is sufficiently large so that the local oscillator signal predominates any self-oscillation signal generated by divide-by-K prescaler 34. Under these conditions, phase locked loop 26 responds to the local oscillator signal and controls it in the manner set forth above and essentially does not respond to the self-oscillation signal.
However, under certain operating conditions, such as when the receiver is turned on or when a new band is selected so that controlled oscillator 16 is enabled to oscillate after it has been in an off or non-oscillating state, phase locked loop 26 may lock up on a self-oscillation signal generated by prescaler 34. For example, when a new band is selected, the control voltage does not immediately begin to respond to the phase and frequency difference between the divide-by-N output signal and the divide-by-R output signal but rather begins to rise from a relatively low off level due to the time constants associated with the various components of phase locked loop 26. The frequency of oscillation of varactor controlled oscillators such as controlled oscillator 16 is directly related to the amplitude of the control voltage. Moreover, the amplitude of the signal generated by controlled oscillator 16 is directly related to the frequency of oscillation. Therefore, when a new band is selected, controlled oscillator 16 produces a local oscillator signal having a relatively low frequency near the lowest frequency in the band and a relatively low amplitude.
Under these conditions, when the new band is selected, assuming that the frequency of the self-oscillation signal corresponds to a frequency above the frequency of the local oscillator signal initially generated and that the local oscillator signal has an amplitude so low that the local oscilaltor signal is masked by the self-oscillation signal, phase locked loop 26 will lock up on the self-oscillation frequency because, for the selected value of N, phase detector 38 will respond to the self-oscillation signal of prescaler 34 rather than the signal generated by controlled oscillator 16. As a result, phase detector 38 will generate a signal indicating that the local oscillator signal has a frequency which is too high when it is actually too low. In response, the control signal will incorrectly be driven lower rather than higher, as it should be, and the frequency of the controlled oscillator 16 will be driven still lower. The now lower frequency local oscillator signal has a lower amplitude which is even less likely to dominate over the self-oscillation of prescaler 34 than does the local oscillator signal initially generated when the new band was selected and as a result, phase locked loop 26 is locked up on the erroneously high self-oscillation frequency of prescaler 34.
In order to inhibit the development of a lock up condition due to the self-oscillation of prescaler 34, whenever the receiver is turned on and power is initially applied to its circuits or when a channel in a new band is selected, a lockup inhibiting circuit 58 initially causes the control voltage of low pass filter 46 to temporarily rise to a predetermined level corresponding to a frequency in the high end of the band in which the selected channel resides. The initial frequency is selected such that the amplitude of the local oscillator signal is high enough to dominate any self-oscillation signal of prescaler 34. After a relatively short time interval, well within the acquisition time of phase locked loop 26, i.e., the time required for expression (1) to be satisfied, the action of lockup inhibiting circuit 58 is terminated and the control signal generated by low pass filter 46 is allowed to respond to the control of phase locked loop 26 in the normal manner set forth above. Because the operation of phase locked loop 26 begins at a point at which the local oscillator signal predominates any self-oscillation of prescaler 34 so that the actual local oscillator signal is not masked by the self-oscillation signal, the control voltage will change in the proper direction to correct the local oscillator frequency until expression (1) is satisfied.
Specifically, lockup inhibiting circuit 58 of the sole FIGURE comprises an NPN transistor 62 arranged in a common emitter configuration having its collector coupled through a load resistor 64 to the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60 included in active low pass filter 46 and its emitter coupled to ground. A timing capacitor 66 is coupled between the collector and base of transistor 62. The base of transistor 62 is coupled to an output terminal 70 of an OR configuration 100. The source of positive supply voltage, +V2, for amplifiers 48, 50 and 52 and the outputs of amplifiers 52, 50 and 48 are coupled to respective inputs of the OR configuration 100. The inputs of OR configuration 100 are respectively coupled to output terminal 70 through networks 94, 96, 98 and 86. Network 86 includes a diode 78 and a capacitor 82 connected in series between the output of amplifier 48 and output terminal 70 and a bleeder resistor 80 for capacitor 82 connected in shunt with the junction of diode 78 and capacitor 82. Network 98, including diode 76, capacitor 106 and resistor 112; network 96, including diode 74, capacitor 104 and resistor 110; and network 94, including diode 72, capacitor 102 and resistor 108 are arranged in the same manner as network 86. Capacitors 102, 104, 106 and 82 in combination with a resistor 68 coupled between the base and emitter of transistor 62 comprise separate differentiating circuits. A diode 84 is coupled between the base and emitter of transistor 62 and poled to protect the base-emitter of transistor 62 from excessively large (e.g., greater than approximately 0.7 volts) negative signals.
When the receiver is turned on, the power supply voltage for amplifiers 48, 50 and 52 rises to a value +V2 and a positive-going step-like signal is coupled through conductive diode 72 to the differentiating circuit comprising capacitor 102 and resistor 68 where it is differentiated to form a positive-going pulse and a negative-going pulse. The positive-going pulse is coupled to the base of transistor 62 but the negative-going pulse is clipped off when diode 84 is rendered conductive in response to it. Similarly, when a channel in a new band is selected, a positive-going step signal is generated at the output of its respective amplifier 48, 50 or 52 and a corresponding positive-going pulse is coupled to the base of transistor 62.
When power is initially turned on or when a new band is selected, and the control signal for controlled oscillator 16 is incorrectly low in response to a dominant self-oscillation signal of prescaler 34, for the reasons previously described, the corresponding signal developed at the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60 is high. Therefore, when a positive-going pulse is coupled to the base of transistor 62, transistor 62 is properly biased to be rendered conductive in response to it. When transistor 62 is rendered conductive, the voltage developed at the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60 is reduced in accordance with the voltage division of the network including the impedance seen at the output of mode switch 56, a gain determining resistor 88 of operational amplifier 60 and load resistor 64. The value of resistor 64 is selected with respect to the values of the impedance presented at the output of mode switch 56 and resistor 88 such that the voltage coupled to the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60 when transistor 62 is initially rendered conductive is sufficiently less than the voltage coupled to the noninverting (+) input of operational amplifier 60 from the source of positive supply voltage, +V1, by voltage divider network 90. As a result, the control voltage developed at the output of operational amplifier 60 is initially driven toward supply voltage +V1 when transistor 62 is rendered conductive. In response, controlled oscillator 16 is forced to oscillate at a frequency at which the amplitude of the local oscillator signal will dominate the amplitude of the self-oscillation signal thereby causing phase locked loop 26 to respond in the correct manner as set forth above.
Transistor 62 will remain conductive for a time primarily determined by the gain characteristics of transistor 62 and the value of capacitor 66, resistor 88 and the impedance presented at the output of mode switch 56. Before the application of the positive-going pulse to the base of transistor 62, transistor 62 is nonconductive and capacitor 66 is charged to a positive voltage, determined by the output voltage of phase detector 38, with the positive potential being at the collector of transistor 62, and is thereafter stored until the application of the positive-going pulse to the base of transistor 62. When transistor 62 is rendered conductive in response to the positive-going pulse coupled to its base, capacitor 66 is discharged through conductive transistor 62. After the positive-going pulse at the base of transistor 62 terminates, capacitor 66 begins to recharge. Assuming that resistor 68 has a relatively large value, substantially all of the charging current flows through the base-emitter circuit of transistor 62, the rate and amplitude being determined by the values of the input impedance of transistor 62 between its base and emitter, the output impedance of transistor 62 between its collector and emitter, capacitor 66, resistor 64, resistor 88 and the output impedance presented at the output of mode switch 56. Because both the output and input impedances of transistor 62 change dynamically with the charging current in a feedback manner typically called bootstrapping, the voltage at the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60 rises at a substantially linear rate. When the charging current decreases to a point at which transistor 62 is again rendered nonconductive, the full phase/frequency error signal developed by phase detector 38 is coupled to the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60 and normal control is resumed.
The time constant associated with differentiating circuit 86 is desirably selected such that capacitor 66 is fully discharged during the duration of the positive-going pulse. Furthermore, the charging time constant of capacitor 66 is desirably selected to be shorter than the time constant associated with phase locked loop 26, primarily determined by the passive filter elements 92 coupled between the inverting (-) input and output in the feedback path of low pass filter 46, so that the acquisition time of phase locked loop 26 is not significantly lengthened by the operation of lockup inhibiting circuit 58.
With respect to the charging time constant of capacitor 66, it is noted that a capacitor may be coupled between the collector and emitter of transistor 62 in place of capacitor 66. However, this would require a capacitor having a value much larger than the value of capacitor 66. This is so because the location of capacitor 66 takes advantage of the current amplification of transistor 62. A capacitor coupled between the collector and emitter of transistor 62 which would provide approximately the same charging time constant as capacitor 66 would have to have a value approximately equal to the value of capacitor 66 times the forward current gain, typically called beta (β), of transistor 62. Moreover, a capacitor placed between the collector and emitter of transistor 62 would provide an exponential rather than linear waveform because it would not be arranged in a bootstrapping arrangement.
It is noted that separate networks 94, 96, 98 and 86 each including a series capacitor are provided so as to prevent the simultaneous presence of a positive voltage at more than one input of OR configuration 100 from affecting the operation of lockup inhibiting circuit 58. That is, in tuning systems where one bandswitching control signal may be generated before another is completely removed, if the cathodes of diodes 74, 76 and 78 were coupled to a common junction and then coupled to resistor 68 through a single capacitor rather than being separately coupled to resistor 68 through separate capacitors 104, 106 and 82, a previously applied positive bandswitching control voltage at the output of one of amplifiers 52, 50 and 48 which remained for a short time after a new positive bandswitching control signal was generated could prevent the single differentiating capacitor from discharging since there would be no interval during which a voltage level were not applied to it. Should bandswitch logic 32 however be arranged so that a previously applied bandswitching voltage is removed before another is applied, a common differentiating capacitor could be shared for the outputs of amplifiers 52, 50 and 48. However, a separate capacitor such as 102 would still be needed to isolate supply voltage +V2 since it is always present. It is further noted that since self-oscillations are typically troublesome after a new band has been selected, it may not be necessary to provide means for enabling the operation of lockup inhibiting circuit 58 in response to the initial application of power to the receiver. In this case, network 94 may be omitted. In addition, if the receiver is of the type that a channel is automatically selected when power is applied, a band will be selected when power is applied. Therefore, in these systems, network 94 may also be omitted since lockup inhibiting circuit 58 will be activated in response to the selection of the band.
Lockup inhibiting circuit 58 may be considerably simplified if the self-oscillations are initiated only when the receiver is first turned on. In this situation, OR configuration 100 could be omitted, leaving only the arrangement including transistor 62, capacitor 66 and resistor 64. With this configuration, when power is first turned on, a positive-going step voltage is coupled from the power supply (not shown) of phase detector 38 through phase detector 38 and mode switch 56 to resistor 88, resistor 64, capacitor 66 and the base of transistor 62. The positive supply voltage is differentiated by the circuit including resistor 88, resistor 64, capacitor 66 and the base-emitter circuit of transistor 62 to form a positive-going pulse which renders transistor 62 conductive. Thereafter, transistor 62 and its associated circuitry operate in the above-described manner to initially cause controlled oscillator 16 to operate at a relatively high frequency and after a short interval be normally controlled by phase locked loop 26. With respect to this configuration, it is noted that capacitor 66 serves to couple the positive-going pulse to the base of transistor 62 and therefore should not be coupled between the collector and emitter of transistor 62 as was described above with respect to the embodiment as is shown in the FIGURE.
In addition to these ways of causing controlled oscillator 16 to oscillate at a relatively high frequency so that the local oscillator signal has a sufficiently high amplitude to dominate any self-oscillation signals, it is possible to provide an arrangement to temporarily disconnect the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60 from the output of phase detector 38 when power is initially applied to the receiver or when a new band is selected by means of a switch coupled between phase detector 38 and low pass filter 46. In a system such as the one shown in the sole FIGURE including mode switch 56 for selectively coupling an MATV control unit 54 to controlled oscillator 16, this may be conveniently done by coupling the output of the OR circuit 100 to mode switch 56 and by providing a suitable internal timing circuit such as, for example, a monostable multivibrator, to establish the time during which the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60 is disconnected from the phase/frequency error signal generated by phase detector 38. While the error signal generated by phase detector 38 is disconnected from the inverting (-) input of operational amplifier 60, the control voltage will be driven to a relatively high level corresponding to a relatively high local oscillator frequency with the desirable results set forth above.
In addition to the advantages set forth above, it is additionally noted that the present lockup inhibiting circuit may be readily added to an existing phase locked loop integrated circuit, for example, such as the CD4046 integrated circuit available from RCA Corporation, without modifying its internal structure because it can be coupled to the input of the active low pass filter which is typically provided externally to the phase locked loop integrated circuit because of its analog circuitry.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 27, 1965
|Nov 25, 1969
|Space General Corp
|Phase locked crystal controlled voltage variable oscillator
|May 21, 1970
|Dec 7, 1971
|Trw Inc
|Band-pass phase-lock receiver
|Dec 4, 1970
|Oct 10, 1972
|Rca Corp
|Automatic frequency control circuits
|Aug 7, 1972
|Oct 30, 1973
|Rca Corp
|Analog phase tracker
|Aug 9, 1972
|Apr 16, 1974
|Electronic Communications
|Frequency modulator-variable frequency generator
|Nov 7, 1975
|Dec 28, 1976
|Digital Communications Corporation
|Phase locked loop with circuit for preventing sidelock
|Feb 27, 1976
|Feb 22, 1977
|Rca Corporation
|Programming unit for a television tuning phase locked loop
|May 21, 1976
|Jun 21, 1977
|Rca Corporation
|Television tuning system with provisions for receiving RF carrier at nonstandard frequency
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 19, 1978
|Jul 22, 1980
|Matsushita Electric Corporation
|Frequency synthesizer tuning system with variable dwell signal seek
|May 14, 1979
|Apr 7, 1981
|Sony Corporation
|Television receiver
|Apr 28, 1980
|Mar 16, 1982
|Sangamo Weston, Inc.
|Adaptive differential PSK demodulator
|Jun 5, 1981
|Jan 11, 1983
|Rca Corporation
|Phase locked loop tuning system including a prescaler conditioned to oscillate at an out-of-band frequency
|Jun 23, 1982
|May 22, 1984
|Rca Corporation
|Delayed reaction automatic kinescope biasing system
|May 29, 1980
|Aug 14, 1984
|Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
|Tuner apparatus
|Sep 23, 1982
|Oct 23, 1984
|The Magnavox Company
|Frequency synthesized tuning system using a microprocessor
|Mar 23, 1989
|Sep 1, 1992
|Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc.
|Quieting receiver during power interruption
|Jun 4, 1982
|Dec 23, 1982
|Rca Corp
|Anordnung zum abstimmen eines empfaengers
|U.S. Classification
|455/180.3, 455/183.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 14, 1988
Owner name: RCA LICENSING CORPORATION, TWO INDEPENDENCE WAY, P
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RCA CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004993/0131
Effective date: 19871208


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Mobile computers can be equipped with wireless communication devices that enable users to access data services from any location. In wireless communication, the server-to-client (downlink) communication bandwidth is much higher than the client-to-server (uplink) communication bandwidth. This asymmetry makes the dissemination of data to client machines a desirable approach. However, dissemination of data by broadcasting may induce high access latency in case the number of broadcast data items is large. We propose two methods aiming to reduce client access latency of broadcast data. Our methods are based on analyzing the broadcast history (i.e., the chronological sequence of items that have been requested by clients) using data mining techniques. With the first method, the data items in the broadcast disk are organized in such a way that the items requested subsequently are placed close to each other. The second method focuses on improving the cache hit ratio to be able to decrease the access latency. It enables clients to prefetch the data from the broadcast disk based on the rules extracted from previous data request patterns. The proposed methods are implemented on a Web log to estimate their effectiveness. It is shown through performance experiments that the proposed rule-based methods are effective in improving the system performance in terms of the average latency as well as the cache hit ratio of mobile clients.
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