text:
We investigate the photoelectron momentum distribution of molecular-ion driven by ultrashort intense circularly polarized laser pulses. Both numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) and a quasiclassical model indicate that the photoelectron holography (PH) with circularly polarized pulses can occur in molecule. It is demonstrated that the interference between the direct electron wave and rescattered electron wave from one core to its neighboring core induces the PH. Moreover, the results of the TDSE predict that there is a tilt angle between the interference pattern of the PH and the direction perpendicular to the molecular axis. Furthermore, the tilt angle is sensitively dependent on the wavelength of the driven circularly polarized pulse, which is confirmed by the quasiclassical calculations. The PH induced by circularly polarized laser pulses provides a tool to resolve the electron dynamics and explore the spatial information of molecular structures.
© 2014 Optical Society of America
1. Introduction
To image electron motion and the structures in atoms and molecules is one of the most important aims in ultrafast physics and attosecond science [1–11]. Driven by a strong laser field, a liberated electron is accelerated and redirected to the parent ion within a very short duration [12]. Electron-ion recollision leads to a number of typical processes, such as high-order harmonic generation, above-threshold ionization, and nonsequential double ionization. Electron motion in these processes encodes detailed structural and dynamical information of the atoms or molecules [4–11]. Recently, a novel interference structure of photoelectron holography (PH) has been observed in experiment where metastable Xenon atoms are ionized by intense 7-micrometer pulses from a free-electron laser [13]. The PH records underlying electron dynamics on a sub-cycle time scale, enabling photoelectron spectroscopy with a time resolution almost two orders of magnitude higher than the duration of the ionization pulse [13]. In traditional optical holography [14], laser light is divided into two beams: one beam illuminates a target and then imprints on a recording medium. This beam is the signal wave. The other beam which is known as the reference wave is shone directly onto the recording medium. The interference between a signal and a reference wave is recorded to reconstruct the information of the target. Since the laser-driven electron motion is fully coherent, the concept of holography can be extended to strong field ionization.
In strong field ionization, the recollision electron can be used as the signal wave and the ion itself is the target, while direct photoelectron which does not interact with the ion is the reference wave. The signal and reference waves with the same final momentum interfere with each other and record the PH encoding temporal and spatial information about both the ion and the recollision electron [13,15,16]. A simulation by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) has well reproduced the experimental results of the Xenon atom [16]. Further investigation shows that both short and long rescattered electron trajectories in molecule can be imaged by PH with attosecond temporal resolution [17]. It is indicated that PH induced by intense near-infrared laser pulse can occur not only in the tunneling regime but also in the multiphoton regime [18]. In [19], Y. Huismans et al. reported the scaling laws of PH interference patterns with the laser pulse duration, wavelength, and intensity.
So far, investigations about PH were based on the physical picture of electron-ion recollision driven by a linearly polarized laser pulse. When diatomic molecules are driven by a linearly polarized laser pulse, the interference patterns from different rescattering cores will overlap [17]. To our knowledge, the PH with a circularly polarized laser pulse has not been reported yet. In this work, we explore the PH of molecular-ion driven by intense circularly polarized laser pulses. When the molecule is driven by a circularly polarized laser pulse, the liberated electron cannot collide with its parent ion. Consequently, the physical picture of the molecular PH with circularly polarized laser pulses is much clearer. It is found that the interference between the direct photoelectron and rescattered photoelectron from one core to its neighboring core induces the molecular PH with circularly polarized laser pulses. This is demonstrated by numerical solutions of the TDSE and confirmed by simulations with a quasiclassical model. Moreover, both the results of the TDSE and the quasiclassical calculation indicate that there is a tilt angle between the interference pattern of the PH and the direction perpendicular to the molecular axis, and the tilt angle becomes smaller with the increasing of the wavelength of the driven circularly polarized laser.
This paper is organized as follows. The numerical methods are briefly introduced in Sec. II. The characteristics of the PH and the physical mechanism of the PH are discussed in Sec III. We summarize our results and conclude in Sec. IV.
2. Theory
We have carried on the numerical calculation by solving the two-dimensional (2D) TDSE.
The wave function at a given time ti is split as [20–22]21–24]. We calculateEq. (4) so that there is no boundary problem any more. The final momentum distribution is obtained as
The total pulse duration Tp is 13 optical cycles. The vector potential of the pulse is
3. Results and discussions
Figure 1 reports the TDSE simulation of photoelectron momentum distribution (PMD) of driven by a circularly polarized laser pulse. Short wavelength reduces the excursion time so that the recollision rate with the neighboring core can be increased. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the tunneling regime is not a necessary condition for the holographic pattern, which can be observed under the conditions formally attributed to multiphoton regime [18]. The appearance of the holographic pattern at short wavelengths requires higher laser intensities [17, 18]. We found that this criterion also applies to the circularly polarized laser pulse case. Thus, the laser frequency used in our simulation is a.u. (nm) and the peak laser intensity is W/cm2. To clearly show the interference structure, we first give the PMD spectrum on linear scale in Fig. 1(a). Two kinds of interference patterns with different tilt angles from the direction perpendicular to the molecular axis are observed (denoted by "T" and "P", respectively). The PMD on logarithmic scale in Fig. 1(b) further show that both of these two interference patterns have a cutoff of (Up = E02/4ω2) corresponding to 8Up in energy. As we know, for a circularly polarized laser pulse, the cutoff energy of the direct photoelectron is 8Up [25]. Hence, the direct photoelectron plays an essential role in the interference patterns "P" and "T". The interference pattern "T" (marked by the yellow lines in Fig. 1(a)) comes from the two-center interference generated by direct electrons ionized separately from the two cores. It can be seen that the interference fringes are not perpendicular to the molecular axis. Electron emission from the ion driven by a circularly polarized laser pulse with wavelength of 800nm was investigated in previous work [26]. Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that there is a rotation angle in PMD, which results from a complex laser-driven electron dynamics inside the molecule influencing the instant of ionization and the initial momentum of the electron [26]. Here similar rotation angle is observed in the two-center interference pattern. In Fig. 1(b), the two-center interference fringes are also observed in the higher energy region with much lower intensity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that for long internuclear distances, the liberated electron collides with its neighboring ion can generate the maximum kinetic energy of 32 Up for both linear and circular polarizations [25].The interference pattern in the high energy is due to the collision of electrons with neighboring cores. Unlike the direct electron, the interference fringes for the recollision electron are perpendicular to the molecular axis. This is because that the instant of ionization and the initial momentum of the electron have little influence on the recollision electron.
Fig. 1
Besides the two-center interference, there exists another kind of unexpected interference pattern "P" (marked by white dashed lines in Fig. 1(a)) which has "fork" structures in the second and fourth quadrants. The "fork" structures have been identified as the typical interference structure of the PH with linearly polarized laser pulses in previous experimental and theoretical works [13, 16]. As a result, we infer that the interference pattern "P" in Fig. 1(a) is the PH with circularly polarized laser pulses. The direct photoelectron serves as a reference wave, and the rescattered electron from the neighboring core serves as signal wave. The interference between them leads to the strong-field PH with circularly polarized laser pulses. Note that the interference pattern "P" also has a tilt angle from the direction perpendicular to the molecular axis. However, this tilt angle is in opposite direction to that of the two-center interference.
For comparison, we first construct an atomic-like reference with a single scattering center which provides the same ionization potential of the corresponding molecule with R = 10 a.u [15]. Figures 2(a) and 2(b) show PMD by numerical simulations of the TDSE for the atomic-like reference driven by a linearly and circularly polarized pulse, respectively. As expected, a "fork" structure, i.e., the interference pattern of the PH, can be identified in atomic-like reference driven by a linearly laser pulse whose polarization direction is along y axis (see Fig. 2(a)). It has been demonstrated that this holographic pattern arises from the interference between the reference and rescattered signal electron wave packets that are emitted during the same quarter cycle of the laser field [15, 16]. The maximum momentum of the electron inducing the PH is smaller than that in Fig. 1(b), since the cutoff energy of the direct electron driven by a linearly polarized laser (2Up) is smaller than that driven by a circularly polarized laser (8Up). When a circularly polarized laser is applied to atom, the electron cannot be driven back to its parent ion, which means there is no signal wave. Therefore, the interference structure of the PH disappears in Fig. 2(b). This is quite different with the case shown in Fig. 1. When ion is considered (see Fig. 1), the electron can be rescattered by the neighboring ion. Consequently, the signal wave still exists, and so does the interference structure of the PH. It should be noted that no two-center interference structure occurs in atomic-like reference (see Figs. 2(a) and 2(b)). Next, we consider the molecule driven by a linearly polarized pulse and assume that the molecular axis is along x direction in Fig. 2(c). The polarization of the laser electric field is perpendicular to the molecular axis. It can be seen that a "fork" interference structure of the PH is present along the polarization direction of the laser pulse. Moreover, two-center interference fringes can be observed. The energy of the cutoff is 10.2Up which corresponds to the maximum kinetic energy of the recolliding electron with its parent ion. Due to the nonzero initial velocity, collision with its neighboring ion can also occur which generates the two-center interference structure in the higher energy region. These interference patterns are similar to those in Fig. 1. However, as expected, there is no tilt angle in this case, and the interference of the PH and two-center interference are in same direction, which is different with that in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2
To further demonstrate that the interference pattern "P" shown in Fig. 1 is indeed a holographic-type structure, we consider a simplified picture based on a quasiclassical laser-induced collision-recollision model [16, 17, 23, 25]. The quasiclassical analysis allows one to identify the physical process leading to certain interference structure in the photoelectron spectrum. When a diatomic molecule is ionized by a circularly polarized laser pulse, the liberated electron cannot revisit its parent ion and can only be rescattered by the neighboring core. If the PH occurs, the signal wave must be the photoelectron rescattered by the neighboring core. In quasiclassical calculations, we focus on the interference between the photoelectron rescattered by its neighboring core and the direct photoelectron. For simplicity, we assume the envelope and consider the continuous-wave field in the quasiclassical calculations. If the signal electron is ionized at a particular phase ϕ, the laser electric field is . The velocity and the position can be calculated by integrating the classical equation of motion. The initial condition of the electron is at rest immediately after ionization. The velocities along x direction and y direction [in atomic units (a.u.)] are
We assume that the signal electron is elastically scattered by the neighboring ion at an angle θc. After the recollision, the finial velocities along the x and y direction are16]. Therefore, if the PH and interference occur, the signal and reference electrons should satisfy the interference condition: . The velocities along the x and y direction of reference electron are . Based on the above discussion, we can write out the phase difference between the signal electron and the reference electron as
We compare the interference fringes ~cos(ΔΦ) from the quasiclassical calculations with the interference pattern "P" in TDSE simulations for different laser wavelengths in Fig. 3.The TDSE results are shown in upper panel and the results of solving the quasiclassical model are shown in lower panel. The wavelengths of the driven laser are 320 nm (Figs. 3(a) and (d)), 420 nm [Figs. 3(b) and 3(e)], and 520 nm [Figs. 3(c) and 3(f)]. To guide the eye, solid curves are drawn in Figs. 3(a) to 3(c) to show clearly the title angle trend of the holographic-type interference pattern "P" in TDSE simulations. It can be seen that the results predicted by the quasiclassical model are consistent qualitatively with the TDSE results. Firstly, both the TDSE and the quasiclassical model predict a tilt angle between the interference pattern of the PH and the direction perpendicular to the molecular axis. Secondly, both the TDSE and the quasiclassical model show that the tilt angle is dependent on the laser wavelength. With increasing laser wavelength, the tilt angle becomes smaller. Compared with the TDSE simulations, the calculations of the quasiclassical model seem to overestimate the tilt angle. It is because that only the laser electric field is considered, while other factors, such as the Coulomb potential and the initial velocity distribution of the electron, are neglected in the calculations of the quasiclassical model. Thirdly, both the quasiclassical model and the TDSE results demonstrate that the cutoff of the holographic-type interference fringes in momentum spectrum becomes larger with longer wavelengths. This is because that the cutoff of the holographic-type interference fringes is determined by the direct electron which has a cutoff energy of 8Up driven by circularly polarized laser pulses. With increasing the laser wavelength, the value of the Up becomes larger, which induces larger cutoff in momentum distribution. As the above discussion, the interference structures in the quasiclassical analysis come from the interference between the direct photoelectron (i.e., the reference wave) and the photoelectron rescattered by its neighboring core (i.e., the signal wave). The results of the quasiclassical calculation agree very well with the simulations of the TDSE. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the rescattered photoelectron from one core to its neighboring core serves as the signal wave which interferes with the direct photoelectron, i.e. the reference wave, and generates the molecular PH with circularly polarized laser pulses.
Fig. 3
4. Conclusions
In summary, the PH in molecule induced by a circularly polarized laser pulse has been investigated by solving the corresponding 2D TDSE and a quasiclassical recollision model numerically. The quasiclassical model has been demonstrated to agree with the TDSE results. Both of them show that the interference between the direct photoelectron and rescattered photoelectron from one core to its neighboring core generates the PH in molecule. Moreover, both of the calculations of the TDSE and the quasiclassical model predict that there is a tilt angle between the interference pattern of the PH and the direction perpendicular to the molecular axis. Furthermore, the tilt angle is dependent on the wavelength of the driven circularly polarized laser in molecular PH. Compared with the PH with a linearly polarized laser pulse, the PH with a circularly polarized laser pulse has some advantages: first, only the electron scattered by its neighboring ion contributes to the signal wave, the physical picture of PH with a circularly polarized laser pulse is much clearer; second, the recollision with the neighboring can access the detailed spatial information of the molecule, i.e. the internuclear distance; third, the holographic interference has different rotation angle from the two-center interference, so different interference processes can be resolved. As a result, the interference dynamics of the PH with circularly polarized laser pulses proposed in the present work can offer a new way to explore the electronic dynamics and access molecular spatial structures.
We thank Dr. J. Chen and Dr. Z. N. Zeng for helpful discussions on PH. The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11374202, 11274220, and 11274219), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. S2013010016061), Foundation for High-level Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong, STU Scientific Research Foundation for Talents, the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB923200), and the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics (SIOM). W. Yang was also sponsored by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (Grant No. 201215) and "Yang Fan" talent project of Guangdong Province.
References and links
1. T. Brabec and F. Krausz, "Intense few-cycle laser field: frontiers of nonlinear optics," Rev. Mod. Phys. 72(2), 545–591 (2000). [CrossRef]
2. F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, "Attosecond physics," Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 163–234 (2009). [CrossRef]
3. P. B. Corkum and F. Krausz, "Attosecond science," Nat. Phys. 3(6), 381–387 (2007). [CrossRef]
4. M. Uiberacker, T. Uphues, M. Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schröder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, "Attosecond real-time observation of electron tunnelling in atoms," Nature 446(7136), 627–632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. H. Niikura, F. Légaré, R. Hasbani, A. D. Bandrauk, M. Y. Ivanov, D. M. Villeneuve, and P. B. Corkum, "Sub-laser-cycle electron pulses for probing molecular dynamics," Nature 417(6892), 917–922 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X. M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, "Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics," Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. Y. Zheng, Z. Zeng, P. Zou, L. Zhang, X. Li, P. Liu, R. Li, and Z. Xu, "Dynamic chirp control and pulse compression for attosecond high-order harmonic emission," Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(4), 043904 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. W. Quan, Z. Lin, M. Wu, H. Kang, H. Liu, X. Liu, J. Chen, J. Liu, X. T. He, S. G. Chen, H. Xiong, L. Guo, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, and Z. Z. Xu, "Classical aspects in above-threshold ionization with a midinfrared strong laser field," Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(9), 093001 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. O. Smirnova, "Spectroscopy: Attosecond prints of electrons," Nature 466(7307), 700–702 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. W. F. Yang, X. H. Song, S. Q. Gong, Y. Cheng, and Z. Z. Xu, "Carrier-Envelope Phase Dependence of Few-Cycle Ultrashort Laser Pulse Propagation in a Polar Molecule Medium," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(13), 133602 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. E. Goulielmakis, Z. H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, "Real-time observation of valence electron motion," Nature 466(7307), 739–743 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. P. B. Corkum, "Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(13), 1994–1997 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. Y. Huismans, A. Rouzée, A. Gijsbertsen, J. H. Jungmann, A. S. Smolkowska, P. S. W. M. Logman, F. Lépine, C. Cauchy, S. Zamith, T. Marchenko, J. M. Bakker, G. Berden, B. Redlich, A. F. G. van der Meer, H. G. Muller, W. Vermin, K. J. Schafer, M. Spanner, M. Yu. Ivanov, O. Smirnova, D. Bauer, S. V. Popruzhenko, and M. J. J. Vrakking, "Time-Resolved Holography with Photoelectrons," Science 331(6013), 61–64 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. D. Gabor, Nobel Lectures, Physics 1971–1980 (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992).
15. M. Spanner, O. Smirnova, P. B. Corkum, and M. Y. Ivanov, "Reading diffraction images in strong field ionization of diatomic molecules," J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37(12), L243–L250 (2004). [CrossRef]
16. X. B. Bian, Y. Huismans, O. Smirnova, K. J. Yuan, M. J. J. Vrakking, and A. D. Bandrauk, "Subcycle interference dynamics of time-resolved photoelectron holography with midinfrared laser pulses," Phys. Rev. A 84(4), 043420 (2011). [CrossRef]
17. X. B. Bian and A. D. Bandrauk, "Attosecond Time-Resolved Imaging of Molecular Structure by Photoelectron Holography," Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(26), 263003 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. T. Marchenko, Y. Huismans, K. J. Schafer, and M. J. J. Vrakking, "Criteria for the observation of strong-field photoelectron holography," Phys. Rev. A 84(5), 053427 (2011). [CrossRef]
19. Y. Huismans, A. Gijsbertsen, A. S. Smolkowska, J. H. Jungmann, A. Rouzée, P. S. W. M. Logman, F. Lépine, C. Cauchy, S. Zamith, T. Marchenko, J. M. Bakker, G. Berden, B. Redlich, A. F. G. van der Meer, M. Yu. Ivanov, T. M. Yan, D. Bauer, O. Smirnova, and M. J. J. Vrakking, "Scaling Laws for Photoelectron Holography in the Midinfrared Wavelength Regime," Phys. Rev. Lett. 109(1), 013002 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. Q. Liao, P. Lu, P. Lan, W. Cao, and Y. Li, "Phase dependence of high-order above-threshold ionization in asymmetric molecules," Phys. Rev. A 77(1), 013408 (2008). [CrossRef]
21. S. Chelkowski, C. Foisy, and A. D. Bandrauk, "Electron-nuclear dynamics of multiphoton H2+ dissociative ionization in intense laser fields," Phys. Rev. A 57(2), 1176–1185 (1998). [CrossRef]
22. M. Protopapas, C. H. Keitel, and P. L. Knight, "Atomic physics with super-high intensity lasers," Rep. Prog. Phys. 60(4), 389–486 (1997). [CrossRef]
23. W. F. Yang, X. H. Song, Z. N. Zeng, R. X. Li, and Z. Z. Xu, "Quantum path interferences of electron trajectories in two-center molecules," Opt. Express 18(3), 2558–2565 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. W. F. Yang, X. H. Song, and Z. J. Chen, "Phase-dependent above-barrier ionization of excited-state electrons," Opt. Express 20(11), 12067–12075 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. K. J. Yuan and A. D. Bandrauk, "Angle-dependent molecular above-threshold ionization with ultrashort intense linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses," Phys. Rev. A 84(1), 013426 (2011). [CrossRef]
26. M. Odenweller, N. Takemoto, A. Vredenborg, K. Cole, K. Pahl, J. Titze, L. P. H. Schmidt, T. Jahnke, R. Dörner, and A. Becker, "Strong Field Electron Emission from Fixed in Space H2+ Ions," Phys. Rev. Lett. 107(14), 143004 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]


text:
Learn more
Jeremy Hardcover – Feb 1 2001
Amazon Price
|New from
|Used from
"Please retry"
Audio Cassette
"Please retry"
Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought
No Kindle device required. Download one of the Free Kindle apps to start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, and computer.
Getting the download link through email is temporarily not available. Please check back later.
To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number.
I'd like to read this book on Kindle
Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here, or download a FREE Kindle Reading App.
Product Details
Would you like to update product info, give feedback on images, or tell us about a lower price?
Product Description
From Amazon
Part Peter Rabbit, part Velveteen Rabbit, Jeremy is a gentle little tale of a handmade bunny with honesty sewn right in. Lovingly crafted by a young woman in England, Jeremy knows he is destined for America. But rather than be shipped off in a cardboard box, he decides to make the journey himself. With the help of a lonely old man named Mr. Pruneholt, a sea captain and his noisy parrot, and a sweet but slightly barmy old woman called the Village Dear, Jeremy makes his way across the sea and into North Carolina. Along the way he dodges grabby children, a hungry fox, and finds an unlikely friend in an owl. Written as a kind of allegory for a favorite psalm of the author's, the tale is also a mini-Odyssey, complete with a sea crossing, beastly obstacles, and the promise of home at the end of the peregrinations.
Jan Karon is the author of the bestselling Mitford Years series, including At Home in Mitford. Teri Weidner's adorable depictions of plaid-trousered Jeremy and his friends and foes are sure to appeal to children from England to North Carolina and beyond. (Ages 7 to 10) --Emilie Coulter
From Publishers Weekly
Bestselling author Karon (Miss Fannie's Hat; the Mitford series for adults) shares a thickly nostalgic tale she crafted for her daughter, Candace, more than 40 years ago. Between serving up kidney pie and making tea for her husband, a young British woman named Lydia painstakingly fashions a stuffed bunny. Her creation complete, Lydia names the toy Jeremy and he springs to life. He learns that Lydia has made him "an honest bunny. That means that no matter what happens you will always be honest, for that's the way you're made." He also learns he has been promised to a girl named Candace in North Carolina. Rather than travel via a shipping box, Jeremy decides to find his own passage. He embarks on the journey without fear, after Lydia consults with her own maker and assures Jeremy, via Psalm 91, that angels will watch over him along the way. Karon's characters are as consciously quaint as her settings: the jovial old gardener, eyes a-twinkling, who treats Jeremy to a tea of English Rabbit (recipe included); Jethro, a sea-captain's parrot who can sing cowboy songs; newborn bunnies; and avuncular owls. Naturally Jeremy wishes to linger, but honest bunny that he is, he perseveres to deliver himself to Candace, all the while guided by Lydia's blessing. Unfortunately, the text is a heavy-handed mix of familiar fantasy and moral. Various plot elements quickly call to mind both The Velveteen Rabbit and The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but in the text as well as in Weidner's (Helen the Fish) plentiful color vignettes and illustrations, Jeremy lacks the distinctive spunk or emotional resonance of these literary predecessors. All ages. (Jan.)
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Customer Reviews
Top Customer Reviews
The story features a hand-made bunny, made by a young woman in England for a customer in North Carolina, and it's all about Jeremy's travels to get to his new home, and the people (and animals) that he meets along the way. Knowing my great grandson, I know that he will listen wide-eyed from the beginning 'til the end of the tale.
The author, Jan Karon, wrote it for her own daughter, Candace, which is also the name of the North Carolinian recipient of Jeremy, the honest bunny, in the story.
The illustrations by Teri Weidner also add a nice touch to the book. No children's book would be complete without appropriate illustrations. ...
Most recent customer reviews
Even though this book is easy, it is so cute! This is the only book I can find that is good for bunny lovers(like me). Just go to the library or buy this book and read it. Read morePublished on Feb. 14 2003
Jan Karon's tale of bunny adventure has stood the test of time in our household. The story of Jeremy, the English bunny sent with silver buttons to America, protected by Biblical... Read morePublished on Feb. 18 2002
Jan Karon's tale of bunny adventure has stood the test of time in our household. The story of Jeremy, the English bunny sent with silver buttons to America, protected by Biblical... Read morePublished on Feb. 18 2002
The best things about this book are its quaint jacket illustration, the 40-year-old picture of the author and her daughter on the back cover, and its built-in bookmark. Read morePublished on Nov. 4 2001
This tale of a stuffed bunny setting out to deliver himself to his new owner is wonderful! Jan Karon's writings are always warm and witty, and Jeremy is no exception. Read morePublished on April 25 2001 by Carolyn K Armistead
Jan Karon's Jeremy: Tale Of An Honest Bunny will reach ages 5 and older with its story of a handsome English bunny's journey to North Carolina. Read morePublished on May 9 2000 by Midwest Book Review
Ms Karon has the rare ability to write a children's story that is as engaging for adults as it is for children. Read morePublished on March 13 2000 by mothergooch
Look for similar items by category
- Books > Children's Books > Action & Adventure
- Books > Children's Books > Animals > Mice, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs & Squirrels
- Books > Children's Books > Animals > Rabbits
- Books > Children's Books > Literature & Fiction > Religious Fiction > Christian
- Books > Children's Books > Religions > Christianity
- Books > Christian Books & Bibles > Children's & Teens > Ages 9-12
- Books > Christian Books & Bibles > Children's & Teens > Fiction
- Books > Kids & Family Store > Ages 4-8
- Books > Teens > Literature & Fiction > Adventure & Thrillers

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Oct 23, 2007
|Filing date
|May 24, 2002
|Priority date
|May 25, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David Mark Blakey
|Original Assignee
|The Technology Partnership Plc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (4), Classifications (16), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention provides a new type of fluid pump apparatus, and one that is particularly suitable for (but not limited to) application in miniature ambulatory liquid drug pumps.
Although not essential in some applications, it is often desirable that the fluid pump ('pump' for short) does not allow 'back-flow'; that is, it does not allow fluid flow in the direction from the pump outlet to the pump inlet. Back-flow can be caused by a relatively high hydrostatic head at the outlet compared to the inlet. This is particularly important in the case of drug pumps, where back-flow can result in fluid loss or sterility issues for the drug reservoir. It is also often desirable that the pump does not allow uncontrolled "forward flow". In the case of drug pumps, uncontrolled forward flow can result in overdosing to the patient.
Fluid naturally flows from a region at which its hydrostatic pressure is high to a region where its hydrostatic pressure is low. This direction of flow is not always desirable; for example, in medicine it is often desirable to introduce liquid drugs into the venous or arterial system of patients, as a means of administering therapy. To improve their quality of life, it is often desirable to do so when they are free to walk, rather than to be confined to a bed. In such a situation, the drug reservoir is often, for practical purposes, desirably attached to the patient's body, and consequently is generally at a hydrostatic pressure that is lower than the patient's venal or arterial pressure. The pump must therefore deliver a volume of fluid (in this case, a liquid drug formulation) from a region of low pressure (the reservoir) at the inlet side of the pump to a region of higher pressure (the patient's bloodstream) at the outlet side of the pump. To do so, the pump must be capable of creating a rise in pressure of the fluid to be pumped and to displace a volume of fluid at that increased pressure, i.e. the pump must be capable of doing hydrostatic work on the fluid. Furthermore, the pump should not allow uncontrolled forward flow either.
This is quite general and so, for the purposes of this specification, we define a fluid pump (whether an ambulatory drug pump or other type of pump) to be an apparatus that is capable of doing work upon a fluid by transporting a volume of that fluid from a first region (the pump inlet) to a second region (the pump outlet). If the mechanism cannot do this, it does no work on the fluid and so, failing in its fundamental function, it is not a fluid pump.
In the art of peristaltic drug pumps, drug formulation is fed from a reservoir to an outlet (which is typically terminated by a needle inserted into a patient) via a length of tubing. In use, a solid body compresses the tubing locally and, whilst maintaining that local compression, the solid body moves along the tubing in the direction from the reservoir to the outlet. The motion of this compressing body displaces fluid against the higher fluid pressure on the outlet side, thereby doing work on the fluid as it does so. This process is repeated, most typically by employing a sequence of such solid bodies in the form of cylindrical rollers mounted off the axis of a rotating shaft to sequentially squeeze and translate along the tube. Each solid body releases from the tube only when the immediately following solid body establishes tube compression on the inlet side of the tube relative to the releasing solid body. In this way, a pumping action is established that does not permit significant 'back-flow'. Since the pipe is always closed, uncontrolled forward flow is not permitted.
Such pumps are well known, but it has proven difficult to miniaturize them to the level desired by many patients using ambulatory pumps. They occasionally have problems of imperfect sealing of the tube (so some back-flow can occur) and fatigue of the tube can occur due to the repeated tube compression; further, the act of compressive translation is energetically lossy and requires significant power consumption, so limiting minimum pump size. Finally, such pumps produce a noticeable and undesirable low-frequency 'pulsatile' flow as the solid bodies move into and out of tube compression.
CH-C-280618 by Sigg describes a pump provided with a chamber having an inlet, an outlet and, disposed between the inlet and the outlet, a plate member which is movable in a reciprocal motion within the chamber. The plate member is provided with a number of nozzles which are shaped so as to offer greater resistance to the flow of a fluid from the outlet side to the inlet side of the plate member than to the flow of fluid from the inlet side to the outlet side of the plate member. In this way, as the plate member is moved in a reciprocating motion in the chamber, the net flow of fluid is from the inlet to the outlet side of the pump. Whilst this pump creates a net flow to the outlet, it requires further apparatus to prevent unwanted 'back flow' in the case when there is a greater pressure at the outlet than at the inlet or to prevent uncontrolled forward flow when there is a greater pressure at the inlet than at the outlet.
In the art of 'pump chamber' pumps, there is provided a pump chamber or volume that may be varied by an actuator and having one-way valves at both inlet and outlet, both valves being arranged to allow flow in the direction from the inlet to the outlet. The inlet valve is located between the pump chamber and the reservoir and the outlet valve is located between the pump chamber and the delivery site. In use, the tubing between at least the inlet valve (and usually from reservoir to delivery site) and the outlet valve is filled with liquid, and the pump chamber volume is alternately increased (to ingest further liquid through the inlet valve whilst the outlet valve is closed) and reduced (to expel that ingested volume of liquid through the outlet valve whilst the inlet valve is closed) by the action of the actuator. The one-way valve therefore acts to rectify the flow. The actuator may be a solenoid, a piezoelectric actuator or other type of electromechanical actuator. The pump is resistant to "back flow" by the arrangement of the valve mechanisms, however additional components are required to prevent uncontrolled forward flow.
A more recent variant of such pumps is described by Stemme, see for example, WO-A-94/19609. In this device, there is provided a pump chamber, in use filled with liquid, in which the inlet and outlet one-way valves of conventional 'pump chamber' pumps are replaced by fluid flow constrictions. These flow constrictions have, for a given flow through them, a larger pressure drop in one flow direction (which he terms the 'nozzle direction') than in the opposite flow direction (which he terms the 'diffuser direction'). So Stemme replaces conventional 'one-way' valves that have a better flow rectification action with valves that have no requirement for mechanical motion and are therefore more robust than the standard displacement pumps.
This pump therefore requires auxiliary means to prevent undesirable 'back-flow' and forward flow when an opposing hydrostatic pressure head (that is, a pressure difference against which the pump in use does hydrostatic work) is present. From the description, further auxiliary means appear desirable to suppress the pulsatile nature of the liquid flow, so it appears that the pump operates at low cycle frequencies.
In both the Stemme pump and the 'pump chamber' pumps having conventional one-way valves ('conventionally valved'), effective pumping is based upon the incompressibility of the liquid and the mechanical stiffness of the pump chamber. Both require components providing partial or complete flow rectification (valve action) at both the inlet and the outlet (whether those components are conventional one-way valves or the 'flow restrictors' of Stemme). They need components providing valve action at the inlet in order that such liquid incompressibility results, on decrease of the pump chamber volume, in expulsion of liquid through the outlet. They need components providing valve action at the outlet in order that such liquid incompressibility results, on increase of the pump chamber volume, in ingestion of liquid through the inlet valve. Both forms have a relatively complex three-dimensional form, which is relatively expensive to produce.
The reliance of these pumps upon mechanically stiff pump chambers and the near-incompressibility of the liquid being pumped means that, for example, if air or other gas is present in the pump chamber, some or all of the volume reduction on the 'ejection' stroke is used up in compressing the (easily-compressible gas) before expelling liquid through the outlet and some or all of the volume increase on the 'ingestion' stroke is used up in rarefying the (easily-rarefied) gas before ingesting liquid through the inlet. Consequently a reduced, or zero, quantum of liquid is actually pumped per cycle of operation and pumping capability is reduced or lost. Further, since the bubble expansion is not, in general, equal to the bubble compression (due to a process known from the ink jet printing art as 'rectified diffusion'), this also creates increasing errors in the fluid volume delivered per cycle. These failings are particularly serious in the case of liquid drug delivery, especially those drugs that are kept in a cool (often refrigerated) state until the time of use in order to extend their useful shelf life. On pump delivery of such drugs to the patient, the drug is exposed to higher ambient temperatures, the solubility of any air dissolved in the drug liquid decreases, and some of the dissolved air often comes out of solution in the form of air bubbles. This effect makes accurate delivery of such drugs very difficult by such 'pump chamber' pumps. As can be appreciated, 'pump chamber' pumps are not, to the knowledge of the present inventors, able to pump liquid and gas mixtures effectively.
One aspect of fluid pump devices, which significantly increase their usefulness for liquid delivery, is their ability to self-prime. When the inlet pipe is placed within a body of liquid to be pumped, a volume of air is trapped between the liquid meniscus in the inlet pipe and the outlet. Self-priming occurs when this air is displaced through the pump from the inlet to the outlet by the action of the pump mechanism, thereby drawing the liquid at the inlet through the pump to the outlet.
It is recognised by the applicant that "fluid" has a dual meaning of both a gas, such as air, and a liquid. Also recognised is that a fluid pump is able to pump both gas and liquid, and further that a fluid pump is capable of self-priming.
There are also known in the art apparatus and methods for atomising liquids into droplets, in which the liquid is brought to one face of a membrane having orifices, which membrane is then vibrated at high frequency. One such apparatus is described in patent application EP-A-0 655 256 to provide the transport of bulk liquid from one face to the opposing face of such a membrane before such atomisation occurs. In this art however, the liquid is transported from a region of higher hydrostatic pressure to a region of lower hydrostatic pressure. The role of the vibration appears to assist the natural liquid flow (in the direction encouraged by the hydrostatic pressure difference) through the orifices by overcoming the opposition of the menisci that are initially present at those orifices. There is no teaching in that application of means to prevent 'back-flow' that otherwise would occur when such an opposing hydrostatic pressure is present.
A simple vibrating pump is described by Maehara in JP-A-58-140491 in which a pressurising chamber has, as an outlet, a nozzle plate through which a number of nozzles have been bored. The nozzle plate is caused to vibrate by a piezoelectric oscillator such that the fluid in the chamber is ejected through the nozzle plate as a spray. There is no teaching of any means for preventing 'backflow'.
EP-1099853 discloses a diaphragm breakage protection system in a reciprocating diaphragm pump. The pump is provided with a chamber in which a moveable diaphragm is mounted. An exit location from the chamber is covered with a moveable plate, in which a series of perforations are provided. The perforated plate covers the exit point from the chamber and prevents the diaphragm, when in its deflected state, passing into the outlet. When in the at rest position, the diaphragm and the perforate element are spaced apart, thus allowing either forward or backward flow through the perforate element. Furthermore, as the pump includes a sealed chamber, the operation of the pump is then intolerant to the presence of air within the chamber, such that the performance of the pump would be quickly depreciated should air enter the chamber.
The present invention seeks to overcome at least some of the aforementioned disadvantages of the known peristaltic fluid or liquid pumps and the 'pump chamber' liquid pump and the liquid 'atomiser' device and to provide a smaller or simpler pump than hitherto has been provided.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of pumping a fluid, the method comprising:
supplying a fluid to at least one side of a perforate element, the perforate element having one or more perforations and being adjacent, on the one side, to at least one closure assembly which prevents fluid flow through the one or more perforations when the pump is not in use; and
providing a net transfer of fluid through the perforate element in the direction from the one side to the other side of the perforate element by alternately displacing the perforate element in directions towards and away from the one side and by alternately displacing the at least one closure element in directions towards and away from the one side.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pump for pumping a fluid, the pump comprising:
an inlet;
an outlet;
a perforate element disposed between the inlet and the outlet, the perforate element having one or more perforations;
at least one closure assembly disposed adjacent said perforate element on the one side and having at least one closure aligned with at least one of the perforations in the perforate element to close said perforation(s) when the pump is not in use, and
a drive means for alternately displacing the perforate element in directions towards the inlet and outlet sides of the pump.
Thus, the present invention provides a method of pumping and a pump which prevents unwanted forward flow and back flow when not in use and which, as no sealed chamber is required, ensures that the pump is tolerant to the presence of air or gas bubbles within the liquid to be pumped.
When the displacements are in phase, fluid is permitted to flow through the perforation(s) as the closure assembly moves away from the perforate element at the peak in the cycle of the perforate element. The difference between the vibration amplitudes of the perforate element and the closure assembly is the valve open gap.
When the displacements are out of phase, the valve open gap is the sum of the vibration amplitudes of the perforate element and the closure assembly. In this arrangement, the perforation(s) is (are) open when the membrane is moving away from the closure assembly and closed when the membrane is deflected towards the closure assembly.
Preferably the closure assembly is displaced out of phase with respect to the perforate element.
In this regard, out of phase motion is defined as when the phase angle between the motion of the closure assembly and of the perforate element is non-zero. Another definition of out of phase relative motion which also applies is when the perforate element is moving periodically towards and away from the closure assembly. It is important to note that such motion does not necessarily require touching contact between the closure assembly and the perforate element on each cycle, as may occur for non-periodic motion of the closure assembly for example. The motion in the out of phase mode is most regular when the phase angle is 180�, and touching contact is achieved between the closure assembly and the perforate element on each cycle.
It is preferable for the displacements of the perforate element and/or the closure assembly to be resonant.
Preferably, the inlet is the one side of the perforate element at which the fluid has the lower hydrostatic pressure and the outlet is the other side of the perforate element at which the fluid has the higher hydrostatic pressure.
Preferentially, the perforate element takes the form of a thin membrane or plate with perforations therethrough (such as may be fabricated for example by electroforming, laser machining or discharge machining operations). Alternatively, the perforations could be formed by simple mechanical drilling.
The closure assembly may take the form of a spring and valve mass. The spring may be a cantilever beam or may comprise a central plate portion for contacting the valve mass and having a plurality of legs extending between the plate portion and the perforate element.
The drive means may take the form of an electromechanical actuator and an electronic drive circuit that, in use, is mechanically coupled to the perforate element. Preferentially the drive means is capable of generating high accelerations of the perforate element but with small physical displacements, as will be explained further by way of the example below. Further, the drive means preferentially displaces the perforate element in such a manner that following one complete motion (that is a motion substantially in the direction towards and away from the inlet), the perforate element is restored to its initial position. For these purposes piezoelectric, piezomagnetic or electrostrictive actuators are highly desirable; their rapid response characteristics allow high accelerations, whilst their physical displacements are very small.
The perforate element, the electromechanical actuator of the drive means and the closure assembly taken together are hereinafter referred to as the 'pump head'. By integrating the electromechanical actuator, particularly where it is of piezoelectric or electrostrictive type, with the perforate element a 'solid state' pump head of very small size and low power consumption and operating to pump fluid with very small motional displacements can be provided.
Preferably, the fluid is pumped from a first region (the pump inlet) at which it is at a relatively low hydrostatic (as distinct from hydrodynamic) pressure to a second region (the pump outlet) at which it is at a relatively high hydrostatic pressure. Fluid may be loaded to either the inlet side of the pump or to both sides of the pump.
The invention will now be described with reference to the following drawings, in which:
Actuator 3 is an electromechanical actuator in the form of a cylindrical tube of piezoelectric ceramic material mounted on mounting body 2. Actuator 3 has electrodes 9 and 10 on the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces. Electrode 10 'wraps around' one end of the tube for easier electrical connection, but unlike electrode 9 it does not substantially extend across the outer cylindrical surface of the actuator. It is connected by wires 11 to an electrical drive circuit (not shown). Actuator 3 is conveniently a piezoelectric ceramic of material grade PIC151 from Lambda Physik of Germany (or some similar grade from other suppliers) and is 4 mm in outside diameter, 2.5 mm in internal diameter, and 12 mm long.
In use, the fluid 8 to be pumped is brought at relatively low hydrostatic pressure to inlet 5. As described with reference to
Drive circuit 21 provides electrical excitation of actuator 3 to cause lengthways contractional and extensional displacements of an end surface 12 of actuator 3, and, in consequence, perforate region 7 of perforate element 4 is displaced alternately between directions towards and away from inlet 5. These alternating motions occur rapidly. In resonant motion, the typical frequency for the dimensions of actuator 3 given above is (when the excitation is continuous and resonant rather than intermittent) approximately 100 kHz, but the precise frequency of operation depends upon the precise geometry of the actuator 3 and details of the mounting of actuator 3 to mounting body 2. Intermittent operation is also possible, in which case it is more sensible to think of 'rise times' of the displacement motion rather than operating frequency; in this case 'rise times' are typically in the μs regime. The displacements of perforate element 4 are usually small, typically less than 1 μm. However the high frequency (or short 'rise time') combine with those displacements to produce high accelerations, typically in the range 104 m/s2-106 m/s2. The higher values of acceleration are most conveniently achieved in a continuously oscillating system in which the mechanical system of actuator 3 and perforate element 4 is mechanically in resonance.
The interaction between these reciprocating displacements of perforate region 7, the closure assembly 13 and the fluid 8 can then produce a pumping action in one of two ways, according to the detailed mode of excitation of the perforate element or membrane 4 and the closure assembly, as further described with reference to
In the arrangement shown in
Whilst only a single closure assembly having a single valve mass has been described in these examples, it is envisaged that plural closure assembly may be used and that each closure assembly may have more than one valve mass.
The following dispersion relation has been used to specify the valve spring:
ω=k 2 Eh 2/(12ρ(1−σ2))
where ω is the resonant frequency of the nozzle valve, k=2π/λ, and E is the Young's modulus of the valve spring, h is the thickness of the valve spring, ρ is the density of the valve spring and σ is the Poisson's ratio for the valve spring. The geometry of the valve spring is such that the length of the valve spring is controlled to define the wavelength of the valve spring vibration.
For resonant motion of the closure assembly with the membrane, the closure assembly 13 may be characterised by the solution to a resonant beam model in which the quarter wavelength (or, in fact, any wavelength having the form λ(1/4+n/2) where n is zero or any positive integer) of the vibration is matched to the length of the beam and the stiffness is matched to a chosen mode frequency of the nozzle plate 4.
For a stainless steel beam, where the Young's modulus (E) is 2.0 1011N/M2, this relationship may be used to generate the frequencies shown in
The applicants have created devices which have operated at approximately 70 kHz, using 100 μm thick beams and, in this arrangement, the quarter wavelength of such a vibration is approximately 2.4 mm. Thus, to optimise the resonance of this valve spring at 70 kHz, the length of the valve tip 18 shown in
The resonant modes of operation were investigated by the applicants with a laser vibrometer using simple laboratory apparatus to report the valve structure.
From section A-A, it is also possible to determine the nozzle opening and this is indicated in
In another arrangement of a perforate element and a closure assembly shown in
In this arrangement, pumping is believed to operate when the valve mass 34 and the perforate element 30 vibrate in out of phase motion. This is particularly true when the valve mass 34 is stationary and the perforate element 30 is moving towards and away from it.
The provision of valve mass 34 sealing perforation 32 when at rest ensures that unwanted forward flow through the perforate element is prevented and unwanted back flow, in this example upwardly through the perforate element 30, is prevented, up to a certain limit defined by the spring pre-load force provided by spring 33, when it is deflected at rest by approximately the diameter of the valve mass 34.
The invention has been described without reference to fluid flow sensing. Without flow sensing, flow rate of the pump as described above is affected by the magnitude of the hydrostatic head against which the pump is delivering fluid (see
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 31, 1939
|Jul 22, 1941
|Gen Motors Corp
|Cooling system pressure relief device
|Nov 17, 1975
|Aug 30, 1977
|General Motors Corporation
|Energy absorbing unit with improved control valve
|Apr 4, 1990
|Feb 4, 1992
|Westonbridge International Limited
|Micropump having a constant output
|Jun 12, 1990
|Jul 6, 1993
|Westonbridge International Ltd.
|Two valve micropump with improved outlet
|Jul 6, 1992
|Nov 16, 1993
|Bespak Plc
|Liquid dispensing apparatus having a vibrating perforate membrane
|Apr 5, 1995
|Aug 17, 1999
|Aerogen, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for dispensing liquids as an atomized spray
|Jun 10, 1999
|Jun 11, 2002
|Parker Hannifin Corporation
|Asymmetrically loaded check valve
|Mar 8, 2002
|Dec 30, 2003
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Check valve
|Sep 29, 2003
|Nov 16, 2004
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Check valve
|Oct 4, 1991
|Apr 8, 1993
|Teves Gmbh Alfred
|Variable output compact hydraulic pump for brake circuit - has array of spring mounted pistons with non-return valves and operated by solenoids in programmed pattern
|Jun 20, 1997
|Jan 7, 1998
|Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for spraying powdered material using pulsating vibration air
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Apr 3, 1996
|Oct 10, 1996
|Fluid Propulsion Technologies, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for dispensing liquids as an atomized spray
|Sep 22, 1999
|Apr 6, 2000
|Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.
|Powder material discharging device and powder material discharging method
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 7, 2004
|Jun 23, 2009
|The Technology Partnership Plc
|Gas flow generator
|Oct 10, 2006
|Jun 19, 2012
|Medsolve Technologies, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for infusing liquid to a body
|Jan 28, 2008
|Apr 29, 2014
|Medsolve Technologies, Inc.
|Apparatus for infusing liquid to a body
|Apr 7, 2004
|Sep 14, 2006
|Janse Van Rensburg Richard W
|Gas flow generator
|U.S. Classification
|417/53, 417/413.2, 417/480
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 24, 2003
Owner name: TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP PLC., THE, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BLAKEY, DAVID MARK;REEL/FRAME:015176/0933
Effective date: 20031119
|May 11, 2011
|Surcharge for late payment
|May 11, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 5, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 23, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 15, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20151023


text:
13 years of experience
Accepting new patients
Video profile
Lubbock, TX 79430 Phone number & directions
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Fatma Levent:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Write a Review
Prepare before visiting Dr. Levent
Influenza Patient Education Learn all about influenza and common symptoms of the flu as well as treating this type of viral infection.Before Visiting Dr. Levent Learn More
Specialties & Research
Dr. Fatma Levent, MD is board certified in Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
Education & Awards
Dr. Levent graduated from Cukurova Univ, Adana.
Dr. Levent has 5 hospital affiliations:
- Covenant Medical Center
- University Medical Center - Lubbock
- Arabic
- Turkish
Similar doctors nearby
Dr. Thivakorn Kasemsri
Dr. Michael Bourgeois
Dr. Richard Lampe
Dr. Amy Thompson
Dr. Daniel Hurst
Dr. Lara Johnson
- Additional Information
- Dr. Fatma Levent MD is a female Pediatrician, has 13 years of experience and practices in Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
- Where does Dr. Fatma Levent practice?
- Dr. Fatma Levent has 1 office location.
Dr. Fatma Levent practices Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases near Lubbock, TX.
See Lubbock Pediatricians and Lubbock Pediatric Specialists.


text:
When certain bloggers write, people listen. People go to blogs to get advice on everything from what to wear, what gifts to buy, to where the hottest clubs are. Some of the best blogs are the ones that share the best restaurants and hotels in a city.Read More »
Google Hotel Finder – Map Based Search Filtering For Hotels
While Searching for Houston Hotels for a research project i came across a new Beta Experiment from Google. Google Hotel Finder It is a Map based search filtering tool that allows one to find Hotels in the selected area. What Makes this tool different from others ? Read on to …Read More »
How To See If Google Local Search Reviews Are Authentic
You're searching for a local Plumber using Google Local Listing (also known as Google Places). However, how do you know whether the plumber is reliable and reputable ? The Reviews ! But how do you know if they are authentic reviews ? We'll go over a few Google Local Search Reviews to see for yourself if …Read More »
3 Steps To Get Your Business Listed in Google Local Listings
Ever done a google search for a service in your own area and seen listings for local providers show up on google maps BEFORE your normal google search results ? Yes, you know what i'm talking about. You probably wondered how did they get there? I wish my Business was …Read More »
Top 4 Reasons for why not to have your Business Blog on Blogspot.com or WordPress.com
As promised in my previous write up on why Business's need to have a blog i'm writing on what not to do with your blog. I see this happen a lot with Business Blogs. They have a great site and have a link to their blog, which when clicked go …Read More »


text:
From Steve Krauchick, Doing It Local. Jasmine, a registered nurse who was on Grand Street to check on a patient spotted a fire at 650/652 Grand Street on the second floor. She began knocking on doors getting everyone out of the building. One man was attempting to put the fire out with a pan, she […]
Entries Categorized as 'Firefighters'
Nurse Assists Residents During Fire
June 24th, 2016 · 2 Comments · Firefighters, News and Events
Ganim Names Thode Provisional Fire Chief, Lance Edwards Deputy Chief
June 8th, 2016 · 50 Comments · Analysis and Comment, Firefighters, News and Events
Mayor Joe Ganim on Wednesday announced he has named Richard Thode provisional fire chief following the recent retirement of Brian Rooney and also appointed Lance Edwards deputy fire chief. Ganim says Thode will lead the department on an interim basis until a permanent chief is appointed through a civil service testing process.
Tags: Av Harris·Brian Rooney·Joe Ganim
Firebird Leader Blisters Ganim For 'Plantation Mentality' In Fire Department
June 1st, 2016 · 40 Comments · Analysis and Comment, City Politics, Civil Service, Firefighters, News and Events
Darrien Penix, president of the Firebird Society that fights for the rights of minority firefighters, uses Joe Ganim's words on the campaign trail against him asserting the Fire Department looks "all white at the top," a declaration the mayor made when challenging incumbent Bill Finch last year. Penix asserts nothing has changed in the six […]
Ganim Appoints Henry Polite Fire Marshal To Oversee Investigations
May 20th, 2016 · 18 Comments · Firefighters, News and Events
Ahead of appointing a replacement for the retiring Fire Chief Brian Rooney, Mayor Joe Ganim on Friday named Henry Polite fire marshal.
Tags: Av Harris·Brian Rooney·Joe Ganim
A Farewell To Fire Chief Rooney
May 19th, 2016 · 15 Comments · Firefighters, News and Events
Fire Chief Brian Rooney will receive a retirement sendoff Friday from noon to 2 p.m. at City Council Chambers. Rooney will leave city service after 44 years in the Fire Department, the last 10 years as chief. Bridgeport's City Charter require the chiefs of police and fire serve no more than two five-year terms.
Tags: Brian Rooney·Joe Ganim
Brian Rooney To Retire As Fire Chief, Who's Next In Line?
May 17th, 2016 · 58 Comments · Analysis and Comment, Civil Service, Firefighters, News and Events
UPDATE: Bridgeport Fire Chief Brian Rooney is planning his retirement from the department later this week, per city charter regulation limiting the chief's tenure to two five-year terms. One of the prominent names as a possible replacement on an acting basis is Assistant Fire Chief Richard Thode, a department veteran for more than 20 years. […]
Tags: AJ Perez·Brian Rooney·Joe Ganim·Joe Gaudett·John Fabrizi·Ron Mackey
Firefighters Remember Jimmie Jones: Like Losing A Family Member
May 15th, 2016 · 2 Comments · Firefighters, News and Events
A young city firefighter loses his life in a car accident and his young son who suffered lacerations to his leg recovers in Bridgeport Hospital. Who knows what it's like to put on a uniform to protect unless you've done it? But even those who protect are equally vulnerable to circumstances as the rest of us […]
Tags: Bill Cummings·CT Post·Joe Ganim
City Firefighter Killed In Car Crash
May 14th, 2016 · 2 Comments · Firefighters, News and Events
Off-duty city firefighter Jimmie Jones, an eight-year veteran of the department, was killed Saturday afternoon after his car hit a truck and then a utility pole on Bishop Avenue near Connecticut Avenue, according to Mayor Joe Ganim's spokesman Av Harris.
Tags: Av Harris·Brian Rooney·Joe Ganim


text:
Posted on 23 August 2013
- 10:10
Remember, kick-off is 4.00pm.
Supporters travelling to this Sunday's match should be aware that there will be no services via Northumberland Park all day whilst Network Rail carry our essential maintenance work.
All supporters should therefore use White Hart Lane where all services will be formed of eight cars.
The services to/from White Hart Lane are as follows:
Pre-match - from approximately 13.00, all services from Liverpool Street will call at Seven Sisters and White Hart Lane until kick-off.
Post-match - from soon after scheduled full-time, trains will stop additionally at White Hart Lane as follows:
- Initially after the final whistle, there will be up ten trains per hour, with destinations of Enfield Town, Hertford East, Stansted Airport and Cambridge.
- There will also be some additional services north from White Hart Lane continuing until around 2100.
Pre-match – from approximately 13.00 until before kick off there will also be two trains per hour from each of Enfield Town, Hertford East and Cambridge (total of six per hour) calling at White Hart Lane.
- For approximately 100 minutes, there will be up to 10 trains per hour services to Liverpool Street and also at Seven Sisters for Victoria Line interchange.
- From 19.20, additional stops steadily reduced with normal service resuming from 20.30.
Follow this link for timetables in full..
18 March 2016
Travel information and timetables for fans travelling by rail to Sunday's Premier League match against AFC Bournemouth at White Hart Lane.
26 February 2016
Travel information and timetables for fans travelling by rail to Sunday's Premier League match against Swansea City at White Hart Lane.
29 January 2016
Supporters travelling to our FA Cup fourth round tie against Colchester United at the Weston Homes Community Stadium should be advised that there will be Network Rail engineering work taking place across the Abellio Greater Anglia network on Saturday, January 30, 2016.
View mobile site
© Tottenham Hotspur Ltd 2016. All rights reserved.
All photography copyright Getty Images (unless otherwise stated)


text:
Enter your stay dates and any discounts you qualify for to see Limassol, Cyprus rates found only on HotelPlanner!
Hotels near Kourion Ruins are shown in the list below sorted by distance (closest at the top). Explore our hotel guide to find lodging near Kourion Ruins (in Kourion Ruins) for your upcoming travels.We sell the best motels and hotels close to Kourion Ruins so you can review the discounted Kourion Ruins accommodations below and uncover the perfect hotel.
How should we direct your call?


text:
At KOA, we love having fun and inviting new folks to join us online as well as at our campgrounds. Share your camping experiences, stories, photos and videos!
Each month, direct to your email inbox, we'll send the best camping news, tips, recipes and more, to enhance the camping lifestyle that you love so much.
Learn More
There's no need to forego perfectly grilled meals just because you're campi...
The journey is just as stunning as the destination in this dream trip to Mo...
Spice up your next camping trip with our easy recipes for fajitas and marga...
Plan the perfect trip from home or on the road with the official KOA app. Learn More
Open All Year
Reserve: 800-562-3452
Info: 575-437-3003
412 24th Street
Alamogordo, NM 88310
We are on the Northside of Alamogordo (in town) on 24th Street, 1-1/2 blocks East of White Sands Blvd (Hwy 54/70) Look for the KOA sign. (Do not take the relief route.)
Camper Rating 4.5 out of 5
Based on 740 Reviews
Download PDF
Do not include the length of your tow or pull vehicle.


text:
I lost the thumbnail view panel for Print Layout in Word 2007.
However, in the "Show/Hide" tab, it's not grey, but the check box for thumbnails just can't "hold" my selection. The only thing can be shown is the "document map" view panel. When I click on thumbnails view, the whole side panel disappears.
I lost the thumbnail view panel for Print Layout in Word 2007.
It may be that you have hit a bug in Word 2007 (so also a chance that this will fix itself). Meanwhile you may be able to show thumbnails by calling the following code:
with Developer, Macros and selecting OpenThumbnails, Run.
I am not clear whether this has affected a single document or all your documents. If the latter the code should be inserted in Normal.dotm but to begin with I suggest trying it out within just one document known to have the problem.


text:
Hi Diego
Bonne Année 2010 to you and your family.
Greetings from France Ray
and Jacko
Ciao Ray, bon nouvel an à toi aussi,je te souhaite 365 jours de magnifiques photos!
Sign up to comment.
Sign in if you already did it.
Photo taken in Tiergarten, Berlin, Germany
Misplaced? Suggest new location


text:
The Can You Handle A True Redhead Test
Their result for The Can You Handle A True Redhead Test ...
You scored 84% sensuality, 78% sexuality, 75% romance, and 71% tolerance!
Their Analysis (Vertical line = Average)
They scored 84% on sensuality, higher than 97% of your peers.
They scored 78% on sexuality, higher than 73% of your peers.
They scored 75% on romance, higher than 83% of your peers.
They scored 71% on tolerance, higher than 41% of your peers.
All possible test results
Alright...now lets see if you can really handle a sexy natural redhead...Come on boys...show me what you got!!! Can you take the kink, the mood, and the excitement? Bet you can't. Read more
Tests others are taking
Summer_daydream19 / f / Bisexual
re-lax47 / m / Straight
Punkalunkading27 / f / Bisexual
APumaUnchained18 / m / Bisexual
More tests we think you'll like
Taken 6769 times.
The Adventuresome Test
In my opinion, being adventurous is one of the best things you can do for yourself. If you try new things every now and then, sure you could run into...
Taken 8133 times.
The Real Deal Test
Hi! And welcome to my Real Deal Test. I'll be using advanced logic and knowledge to determine your true nature. TODO: REWRITE THIS.
Taken 5082 times.
The How 'L Word' Are You? Test
Do you watch Showtime's Hit Series "The L Word". Of course you do. How into this show are you? Let's find out!
Taken 3510 times.
The PROGRESSIVE ROCK music Test
Hi! And welcome to my Progressive Rock music Test. I'll be using advanced logic and knowledge to determine if this music appeals to your tastes and yo...
Taken 2573 times.
The FrenchKissFullMouthPierro Test
Hya Visitor ! Welcome to my FrenchKissFullMouthPierro Test. Be ready for anything, life is short ... Intelligence, Humour, Kinkiness, Slavabilit...
Taken 2680 times.
The Horse Racing Test
Hi! And welcome to my Horse Racing Test.
Taken 240 times.
Test Bloque III [ITIL]
Bloque III - JL (2)
Taken 1674 times.
O teste das facções
Find out witch of Divergent faction you belong.
Taken 6873 times.
The MeTest
now do you really know me?
Taken 10214 times.
The Waht type of car person are ya Test
Hi! I'll be asking questions regarding the automotive cultural set u fit into. Also whether you are more speed/power oriented or more appearnce orien...
Connect your existing OkCupid account
Sign in
Welcome Back!
Restore your account to continue meeting new people.
Reset your password
We'll email you a link to reset it.
Email sent!
An email is on its way to .
If you don't see it, try checking your Spam folder.
Enter Authentication Code
Sign in
Not so fast!
You need to complete your basic info on the mobile app before you can use the desktop site.


text:
Forgot Password? | Not a User? Sign up
Your browser does not support iframes.
Dustin Gordon killed this 9-point buck on Nov. 11. He is the son of Barry and Chequita Gordon.
Gregory Greenwell, age 11, bagged this 9-point buck on opening day of fall deer season 2012 with his father. His parents are Greg and Nicole Greenwell of Loretto.
Tammy Robertson of Lebanon shot this 10-point buck with a Remington .243 in Green County on private land. It weighed 200 pounds.
Earlier this summer a Public Pensions Task Force began meeting to discuss possible solutions to the unfunded liability in the Kentucky retirement system. After several months of consideration and discussion with local and national experts, we approved an eight-point proposal outlining suggestions to put Kentucky's public retirement system back on sound financial footing.
We looked at ways to pay down the pension debt, provide immediate relief to cash-strapped budgets and create a new pension system that is sustainable and secure.
When I was leaving Saturday evening's performance of "The Desperate Director" at Angelic Hall, spectators said watching the play was much better than sitting at home clicking through the channels on the television.
I agree.
Unfortunately, too few people took advantage of the live entertainment this past weekend right here in our hometown.
Each fall, not long before Thanksgiving, the General Assembly's administrative staff offers an in-depth look at some of the issues it believes could be debated during the legislative session that begins each January.
The report comes from the 15 main committees that vote on legislation, and while no one can predict what ultimately will become law, this analysis gives us a better idea of what may need to be addressed.
A Springfield couple has filed a lawsuit against Lebanon Physicians for Women after their child, Jeremy, died. Lebanon Physicians for Women have filed an answer to that complaint.
Marilu and Santiago Tzanahua Mendez of Springfield filed the lawsuit Oct. 31 in Marion Circuit Court against Lebanon Physicians for Women, Dr. Mark Ackermann and Dr. Lynval T. Reynolds.
The United States Postal Service has scheduled a meeting at 4:30 p.m. Nov. 29 at the Bradfordsville Community Center in the old Bradfordsville School, 515 S. Sixth Street. The meeting is about the plan to reduce the hours at the Bradfordsville Post Office.
Christmas events will be easy to find in the coming weeks in Marion County.
The Heart of Kentucky Holiday Festival incorporates a number of activities:
- The Loretto Christmas Parade will be held at 6:30 p.m. Friday. A tree lighting will take place in Carl and Lisa Mattingly's lot beside the post office at 5:45 p.m. The parade will start at Loretto City Hall and end at the car wash. After the parade, refreshments will be served at city hall, where Santa will be meeting children and posing for pictures.
Copyright © 2016
The Lebanon Enterprise is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Marion County and Lebanon, KY, and the surrounding area.


text:
Shop window plastered full of estate agent ads
Credit: Mark Horn
Creative #: sb10068407aa-001
License type: Rights-managedRights-managed products are licensed with restrictions on usage, such as limitations on size, placement, duration of use and geographic distribution. You will be asked to submit information concerning your intended use of the product, which will determine the scope of usage rights granted.
Collection: Photonica
Max file size: 4,375 x 3,811 px (14.58 x 12.70 in) - 300 dpi - 21 MB
Release info: No release required
Similar imagesSearch ResultsSame series
Shop Window Plastered Full Of Estate Agent Ads Stock PhotoAbundance,Advertisement,Architecture,Building Exterior,Color Image,Communication,Day,Hong Kong,Horizontal,No People,Outdoors,Photography,StorePhotographer Mark HornCollection: Photonica Hong Kong, China


text:
For sale 29g acrylic tank with the stand on casters and storage space. LED lighting, gravel and internal filter included. Asking price - $450
Pickup only in Riverdale (Bronx) area.
Thank you
Jul 23 -
New York City :
Bronx - Accessories
Have everything you need to start an aquarium but fish and food
Jul 22 -
Pittsburgh :
Greensboro - Other pets
45 gallon, 5-sided fish tank on corner cabinet stand
Jul 19 -
Hudson Valley :
Rock Tavern - Accessories
5 for $1
I probably have 50 red ramshorn snails. They are small freshwater snails that are very good at eating algae. In fact, they cleaned up my main tank's blue-green algae completely from below the water line. Most are 1/4 inch, but they can grow to almost 1 inch. They have been breeding fast from the original dozen I got only a few months ago and I don't have room for them all.
Snails ...
Jul 18 -
Hartford :
Newington - Other pets
I have 2 tanks for sale. 30 and 50 gallon tank. Come with filter and everything even fish. Contact for more info real cheap.
Jul 4 -
New York City :
Brooklyn - Livestock
Hi I have a 60 gallon tank complete it comes with 2 power filters air pump and big OSCAR! Stand also has 2 drawers underneath for storage. You will get all the aseerories I have for cleaning the tank and the OSCARS food I have left.I need to sell moving and don't want to take with me.
Jul 1 -
Central New York :
Bath - Accessories
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


text:
I have just gotten started to work on fixing up yard and it is going to be a pretty long task. I have not able to take care of it as well as I would like because of my schedule at work. My brother and I were sitting on the patio last weekend, grilling burgers and listening to a ball game on the radio. He was the one who saw that one of the trees had been infested with termites. I need to do find someone who does termite control in New York City and have them perform a real thorough inspection of the house and the property obviously. I obviously need to find the termites and make sure that I wipe them out. Continue reading
Cash Loans for Business
Business is working with many factors behind the success end. Here, money is being the important thing when people need this in being the capital financial. With using their proper investment, people can get their business in a good future for the profit and many more. Here, in case of getting more about the capital financial for the business, people can get the money from cash loans. Yes, by loaning some cash, people can get the money in time when they need it. More, for the future people can pay it back with using the agreement of the payment. It is good for those people who want to have their new business.
Starting a new business is not too easy like licking our lips. In case of building the business, people must have some considerations where people will find the risks which cannot be predicted in the future. Related with cash loans, people are available to get their business in a great opportunity to get more profit. However, we need to consider that the future will be different with today. That is why we need to think in creating an innovation in order to make our business into a better future.
This is also available for those people who have their job and want to have new business as being their side job. Here, people can use their cash loans in order to be the capital financial. Of course, in doing a new business, people need to have their enough capital financial. This is needed in order to get the investment and get the money recycled in time. For those people who have the condition like this, they need to know how much the money that they need. Don't ever get too much money from cash loans because there will be the rate that must be paid based on the nominal cash loans that we get from the financial service.
Comparing with the other ways to get fresh money, cash advance loan is the best choice because it can help people in getting their money even for urgent time. Yes, as we know that today, the financial service companies are being popular; the process in getting cash loans approval is getting easier. Here, people can get their money in a short time spent. For business, we can have our fresh money from cash loans too. This is good when people want to start building a new business in near time.
However, in case of having cash loans, we need to know much knowledge about cash loans. Here, in www.alabamacashadvanceloans.com, we can get much information about cash loans. It is good for those of you who want to have your cash loans in the first time. There are also some considerations where we can think to decide when choosing the financial service's offering. In conclusion, even cash loan is good for helping people in conditioning their financial fitness, we need to consider about how to pay the cash loan back in the future.
Architecture A Brief Introduction and Marketing Tips
Architecture is an art and science that marries the building and design of structures. In some ways one can say that, along with engineering, it is the sign of civilization. Once man was able to settle down and fashion his own dwelling, even by primitive means, this was the start of the first civilizations.
Originally, these structures were purely functional serving to keep people safe from bad weather and wild animals, and to give them privacy. But as modern construction procedures were developed, along with more advanced materials, architecture and engineering began to take a more artistic leaning.
The earliest treatise on the subject, De Architectura, was written by Vitruvius, dates back to the 1st Century CE. In it, the Roman architect says that a building has to have form, function, and durability. To this day, most architects still conform to those three tenets. It is probably even safe to say that some are more successful at adhering to those dogmas than others.
A few examples of these people are Frank Lloyd Wright, a major proponent of organic architecture who is often touted to be the greatest American architect of all time (famous for the house called Fallingwater and for the Guggenheim Museum in New York City); I.M. Pei, a master of modern architecture who created the pyramid at the Louvre and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong; Frank Gehry, who designed the Dancing House in Prague; and the landscape architect and artist, Isamu Noguchi, among many others.
If these names sound familiar to you, it's probably because their works are admired the world for being beautiful while being both functional and enduring. You're likely to see their buildings mentioned in architectural texts, art books and even featured in architecture postcard designs. These, by the way, are not only proof of how respected the geniuses mentioned above are but, also function as a way to market their work. Like a portfolio, one might say.
In fact, some people in the business might publish high quality books that double as coffee table books and company profiles. Or, perhaps, they might have architecture postcard designs and construction postcard designs printed on elegant cards to send to potential clients. Others still, might support these efforts with their own websites.
New Technology Shaving Cream Hidden Bathroom Spy Camera DVR
This is a mini spy camera that looks like an ordinary can of shaving cream. The camera is so well hidden that no one will know that the can of shaving cream actually contains a mini bathroom spy camera. Because it is so well hidden, you can put it anywhere, even in the bathroom, and no one will be suspicious. With this camera, you are able to record everything that happens while you are gone. Thieves and intruders will never suspect that this can of shaving cream actually contains a hidden camera that is capturing their every move. You don't have to worry about thieves or your child's babysitter any longer. With this camera, you can help to keep your family and home safe.
As a spy camera, shooting camouflage technology and quality is very important. Camera no visible wires, plugs, or buttons, even trained professionals will not be able to tell you, this Shaving cream is a hidden camera. Spy camera resolution up to 1280 960. There is no doubt that you can from this product high-quality video. Another important thing is the shooting time. In order to increase the recording time 8GB memory card and large capacity battery internal settings. Based on these, the camera can work continuously for about 5-6 hours. You can get very long and exciting video so easy. It can provide you with an ordinary camera, and can not provide a powerful video evidence. This is the ideal choice for a real CIA agents, police, detector, and spy agency.
Specification: We offer:
Bathroom spy camera,Toilet spy camera,Hotel room Spy Camera,Youtube Spy Camera DVR, spy camera bathroom,Shampoo spy camera,Radio spy camera.spy camera,Razor spy camera bedroom spy camera,portable spy camera,Toothbrush spy camera,Shower spy camera Company website : MSN: SKYPE:onlinespycam YAHOO:
The Benefits Of Service Oriented Architecture In Software Development
Education is just a area with actually changing impetus. With good invasion of web and on the web services in most walk of present day life, one will need personalized development that's simple and more user-friendly. With ADF (software development platform) and SOA (service oriented architecture), a strong doorway have been made by a new era of agile programming. Pc software improvement or internet development needs one to be constantly updated with the most recent systems on the market to generally meet client's dependence on a simple and receptive software.
Extremely high level licensed programs can quickly be present in famous organizations to supply also corporate Hadoop training, ADF training, SOA training, and intense Hadoop training. Practical implementations of those systems possess a good method for any entrepreneur in addition to for the info technology world. Let's comprehend both facades individually.
From THIS notion
PC software builders think it is excessively versatile and easy to program elements that may be recycled and designed without worrying all about the implementation program language and system.
Platform autonomy: SOA seeks to supply a nimble software that's free from any program language worry or host system.
Architectural freedom: Technologies like SOA and ADF enables a scalable and flexible system to create composite development easier and recyclable.
High utility: Such systems gather several resources together that work with client's fulfillment and easiness. For instance, it enables managing to Emails, charge cards and charging from the simple system.
From company notion
Similar to the quick changes in internet sites, the fundamental business methods are also changed to be secure, significantly quick, and significant. Entrepreneurs require a simple program for numerous procedures. ADF and soa systems have made their lives simple to use application and easier with modern programs.
Reusable components: Each element is individually made to be recycled for quantity of programs. Data freedom: Enormous information from disparate platforms is saved within an structured manner to be refined according to necessity. Performance control: Due to various elements and structure independent data, monitoring the company efficiency becomes simple by climbing different variables like revenue, manufacturing, structure an such like. Agility: The fundamental structure becomes quite durable and nimble for any new function or service; only a element needs to be included instead of altering the entire application or software. Economical: Being system separate, it enables managing every function from the simple centre, ergo decreasing the price to engage in to man power and more equipment.
Furniture Store Miami The One Stop Shop Of Furniture
Remodeling your own home is not that easy. You have to check on the furniture and fixtures that you can install or put inside your home. It is very important for you to exert your creativity power in order to have an elegant and very appealing home.
As you think of remodeling your home you usually think of which furniture store that can provide you all the furniture that you need. In thinking of which furniture shops to do business with, it will be better to think on the important factors you want to consider. The first thing that you have to determine is what are furniture that you need to install, although there are great numbers of furniture shops out there where you can avail those furniture that you need.
Check out furniture store Miami that you can visit and get the furniture that you would want. There are furniture store Miami that offers layaway or interest free plans to qualified customers on purchases over a certain amount. It usually offer sale during holidays, sale during end of the season clearance as well rebates and variety of discounts.
If you are looking for the best furniture shop that has everything necessary to completely furnish a room, you can check furniture store Miami. Aside from the different couches, chairs, tables, there are also lighting fixtures, beddings, mattress, pictures, wall hanging and even having window treatment and home decoration accessories. If you are going to remodel a home, furniture store Miami is what you need to visit to get the furniture you need. You do not have to go from one place to another because it has complete sets of furniture and even those smallest accessories that you can install with your home.
When it comes to bedding, go with a furniture shop Miami that is complete in terms of choices of beds in every size and style, from four poster beds complete with head and footboard. They have all the best type of youth furniture collections that are very durable and are adjustable so that as they grow your children can still use it.
And if you are consulting an interior designer for sure, you and your interior decorator will have fun doing shopping all the furniture that you need with the best furniture store Miami. You can save a lot of time and effort in searching for the things that you need to use in making improvements. You can also check their online business websites. For sure they have some pictures of the kinds of furniture that you are looking for.
Allison Ayson
Solar keyboard charges laptop battery in both natural and indoor light
This week marked an amazing fusion of solar and computer technological advancements as two companies announced the release of solar-powered keyboards.
The two products, however, are very different. Logitech announced on Monday the release of its K750 wireless solar keyboard that charges up inside or out in natural or ambient light.
AU Optronics on Wednesday announced the imminent release of its fully-integrated solar laptop keyboard.
"The two products are different ideas and applications," Katie Chen, AUO corporate communications representative from Taiwan, wrote in an e-mail interview. "The AUO solution combines touch panel and solar module, with much larger surface area to absorb sunlight. People can carry the solar notebook anywhere they like, at anytime."
The AUO keyboard does look like a solar sheet with the outline of a keyboard imprinted on it, according to reports.
While it will perform best in sunlight, the AUO keyboard, like Logitechs, will charge up in ambient light indoors as well, according to reports.
One advantage the AUO keyboard boasts over Logitechs, however, is its ability to charge the laptop computer.
"The solar power is the backup battery to replace a part of power," Chen writes. "But in the future, the charging efficiency will increase depending on different solar cell materials."
This innovation could be the first in an evolutionary chain leading to a fully solar-powered laptop, Chen suggests.
AUO has partnered with SunPower, the largest manufacturer of traditional photovoltaic solar panels in the United States.
The companies announced last month that they had achieved high efficiency in the solar cells produced at their newest plant, nearly 23 percent.
AUO produces computers, televisions and solar panels. This is one of the first integrations of the companys efforts to hit the commercial market.
"AUO pursues green energy and carbon reduction as a green-service provider," Chen writes. "The company is already working as a vertical integrator in the PV industry for solar energy solutions. Therefore, we keep a bright eye on designing and creating innovative green products."
The solar-powered keyboard and laptop are not yet available on the consumer market, but will be displayed at the FPD International in Chiba, Japan next week.


text:
Centura Health has more experts in more places throughout the region. Start your health journey by finding the right one for you.
(DURANGO, COLO.) Mercy Regional Medical Center was recognized as one of "100 Great Community Hospitals" by Becker's Hospital Review. Mercy, which is part of the Centura Health network, was one of only three Colorado hospitals that were recognized on the 2016 Becker's list.
Mercy Regional Medical Center
David Bruzzese
Director of Public Relations
& Marketing
Phone: 970-764-3910
Centura Health
Eric Hubler
Media Relations Specialist
Phone: 303-804-8167
Mobile: 303-550-5014
We're on a course of constant improvement to help you, your family & the neighborhood you live in.
Our search tools require a zip code to match the location nearest you.


text:
Search Catalogue
Will ToddLead Me Lord (1997)
Plays: 1513
Buy Related Products
for SSATB and piano
Duration: 01 mins 39 secs
(p) and (c) 2013 by Hal Leonard Corporation
Text heard on Sample:
Lead me, Lord, in your righteousness.
Make your Way clear before my face.
Only my Lord brings me safety so lead me, Lord.
Psalm 5
Further Information on this Work:
Any reproduction, publication, further distribution or public exhibition of audio materials provided at this site, in whole or in part, is strictly prohibited.
Featured Clips
Alberto Ginastera
Plays: 4210
Mark Simpson
Plays: 2004
Sebastian Currier
Plays: 2658
Symphony No.4: Tansman Episodes (2006)
Henryk Górecki
Plays: 783
The Ring Dance of the Nazarene (2003)
Harrison Birtwistle
Plays: 3181


text:
Book your room at Askoc Hotel
Get an overview of this hotel3-star Istanbul hotel in Sirkeci, near Basilica Cistern
Located in Sirkeci, this hotel is within a 15-minute walk of New Mosque, Basilica Cistern, and Hagia Sophia. Cagaloglu Hamami and Istanbul Archaeology Museum are also within 15 minutes.
Hotel Features
A full-service spa, a restaurant, and an indoor pool are available at this smoke-free hotel. WiFi in public areas is free. Additionally, a health club, a bar/lounge, and a coffee shop/café are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 108 soundproofed rooms feature free WiFi and 24-hour room service. For a bit of entertainment, LCD TVs come with satellite channels, and guests will also find minibars and hair dryers.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to a full-service spa, Askoc Hotel features an indoor pool and a health club. Dining options at the hotel include a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
Event facilities measuring 1130 square feet (105 square meters) include a meeting room. This Istanbul hotel also offers a children's pool, a sauna, and a rooftop terrace. A total renovation of this property was completed in April 2013.
Askoc Hotel is a smoke-free property.
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Bar/lounge
- Children's pool
- Coffee shop or café
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Conference space size (feet) - 1130
- Conference space size (meters) - 105
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Free WiFi
- Full-service spa
- Health club
- Indoor pool
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 8
- One meeting room
- Porter/bellhop
- Restaurant
- Rooftop terrace
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Sauna
- Smoke-free property
- Spa services on site
- Steam room
- Television in common areas
- Total number of rooms - 108
Family Friendly Amenities
- Children's pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Indoor pool
- Laundry facilities
- Soundproofed rooms
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Free toiletries
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Daily housekeeping
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe
- Minibar
- Phone
- Private bathroom
- Room service (24 hours)
- Satellite TV service
- Shower only
- Soundproofed rooms
Where to Eat
Askoc Hotel has a restaurant on site.
24-hour room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An indoor pool and a children's pool are on site. Other recreational amenities include a health club and a sauna.
Children under 11 years old are not allowed in the swimming pool, health club, fitness facility, or spa tub without adult supervision.
Spa Services
Guests can indulge in a pampering treatment at the hotel's full-service spa. Services include massages.
- Massages
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is Noon
Payment types
- No pets or service animals allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
24-hour check-in
No pets or service animals allowed
Hotel Name
- Askoc
- Askoc Hotel
- Askoc Hotel Istanbul
- Askoc Istanbul
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details 24 hours prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Reservations are required for massage services. Reservations can be made by contacting the hotel prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. One child 6 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.