text:
Interstitial Cystitis
- Author: Eric S Rovner, MD; Chief Editor: Edward David Kim, MD, FACS more...
Interstitial cystitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by daytime and nighttime urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain of unknown etiology. Interstitial cystitis has no clear etiology or pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria for the syndrome remain undefined. Despite considerable research, universally effective treatments do not exist; therapy usually consists of various supportive, behavioral, and pharmacologic measures. Surgical intervention is rarely indicated.
The International Continence Society has coined the term painful bladder syndrome (suprapubic pain with bladder filling associated with increased daytime and nighttime frequency, in the absence of proven urinary infection or other obvious pathology) and reserves the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis for patients with characteristic cystoscopic and histologic features of the condition.[1]
An international consensus panel was able to generally agree on the following definition of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS): unpleasant sensation (pain, pressure, discomfort) perceived to be related to the urinary bladder and associated with lower urinary tract symptoms of more than 6 weeks duration, in the absence of infection or other identifiable causes. American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines published in 2011 and amended in 2014 use an evidence-based approach to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and management of this condition.[2, 3, 4]
In 1887, Skene initially described a condition characterized by inflammation that destroyed the urinary bladder "mucous membrane partly or wholly and extended to the muscular parietes." Guy Hunner popularized the disease with the description of characteristic bladder wall ulcers in association with a symptom complex of chronic bladder inflammation.[5] The first comprehensive epidemiologic description of interstitial cystitis is credited to Hand, who in 1949 described the widespread, small, submucosal bladder hemorrhages and the significant variation in bladder capacity characteristic of the condition.
Despite years of intensive research, there are no specific clinical or urinary markers currently clinically available; no absolutely specific radiographic, laboratory, or serologic findings; and no biopsy patterns that are pathognomonic for interstitial cystitis. Some research suggests that the following may all play a role in the disease pathophysiology: (1) pelvic floor dyfunction, (2) dysregulated immune or inflammatory signals, (3) neural hypersensitivity, and (4) disruption of the proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer.[6] Interstitial cystitis, howerver, remains a diagnosis of exclusion (see Presentation, DDx, and Workup.)
Intensive study has been done to attempt to identify biomarkers for IC/BPS. Some interesting studies have shown that bladder nitric oxide is an accurate marker for Hunner lesions, but these are not present in all patients, and the test requires specific equipment, which has limited widespread clinical use.[7] Differences in levels of cytokines and chemokines, specifically CXCL-10, have shown some ability to differentiate patients with and without Hunner lesions.[8] Other studies of ulcerative IC/BPS have shown that numerous other cytokines and chemokines are up-regulated as well, heralding a possible urinary test to identify patients.[9]
An additional substance shown to be up-regulated in IC/BPS patients is antiproliferative factor (APF). This small 8–amino-acid peptide has been associated with suppression of cell growth, increases in transcellular permeability, and lowering of levels of proteins that form intercellular junctional complexes. It is synthesized and secreted from bladder epithelial cells from patients with IC/BPS and may play a key role in pathophysiology.[10] In vitro studies have shown that removal of APF from cell culture media restored cell proliferation and membrane integrity.[11] Studies have also suggested APF in the therapeutic effect of hydrodistension in patients with IC/BPS, although further confirmatory studies are necessary.[12]
The most important element in treating patients with interstitial cystitis is education and emotional support. Periodic exacerbations are managed as they occur because no long-term therapy has been shown to prevent or delay recurrent episodes. Therefore, the purpose of treatment is to palliate and alleviate symptoms.
Because no discrete pathognomonic pathologic criteria exist for assessing and monitoring disease severity, indications and goals for treatment are based on the degree of patient symptoms. Assessing patient response to treatment is also complicated because of the subjective nature of symptoms; the waxing and waning nature of symptoms without treatment; and the lack of objective serologic, physical, or histopathologic findings. Conservative measures and oral or intravesical treatments are considered first-line treatment. (See Treatment.)
The pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis is poorly understood. Various etiologies have been proposed, including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, hypoxia-related, and neurologically related.[13] However, none of these adequately explains the variable presentations, clinical course, or response to therapies. This may indicate that interstitial cystitis represents a number of as yet undefined, disparate pathologic conditions that, over time, ultimately present as the clinical syndrome of urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain.
The transitional cell apical membrane of the bladder is coated with GAGs and proteoglycans. Disruption of this layer can lead to transmigration of urinary solutes across the mucosal surface, affecting nerves and muscles and potentially leading to pain. Thus, restoration of this layer remains a mainstay in treatment if IC/BPS.[14]
Up-regulation of histaminergic[15] and muscarinic neurotransmitter receptors has been shown to be present in patients with IC/BPS, which may contribute to the storate and inflammatory symptoms present.[16, 17] Additionally, up-regulation of neural afferent pathways has been shown in IC/BPS,[18] as well as a central hyperresponsiveness in association with other conditions, including fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and depression/anxiety disorders.[19]
Clinically, interstitial cystitis is often divided into 2 distinct subgroups based on findings at cystoscopy and bladder overdistention. These categories are the ulcerative (ie, classic) and nonulcerative (ie, Messing-Stamey) types. Such differences may have important implications for diagnosis and therapy. Evidence showing progression of ulcerative to nonulcerative disease, or vice versa, is lacking.[20] Clinical presentation is also variable, with nonulcerative patients presenting with a more diffuse pain syndrome and multiple systemic complaints. Ulcerative patients tend to have higher daytime and nighttime frequency and lower bladder capacity, indicating that it may be more of a condition of the bladder itself than the nonulcerative type.[21]
As such, the ulcerative subtype responds better to bladder-targeted therapies, including cauterization[22] and cystectomy.[23] Cystectomy has also led to significant improvements in quality of life in ulcerative patients.[21] In terms of fulguration, long-term outcomes have shown that patients with ulcerative disease can be significantly helped by this therapy if the ulcers involve less than 25% of the bladder. However, a significant subpopulation require repeat treatment, and many progress to cystectomy.[24]
The hallmark of classic interstitial cystitis is a diffusely reddened appearance to the bladder surface epithelium associated with 1 or more ulcerative patches surrounded by mucosal congestion (ie, Hunner ulcer) on the dome or lateral walls of the bladder upon cystoscopic examination. These ulcers may become apparent only after overdistention, because discrete areas of mucosal scarring rupture during the procedure. Overdistention in this type of interstitial cystitis results in fissures and cracks that bleed in the bladder epithelium.
In the United States, the ulcerative type is rare (< 10% of cases), and some authors consider this type to be more resistant to therapy. Biopsy findings show that the ulcerative lesion can be transmural, associated with marked inflammatory changes, granulation tissue, mast cell infiltration, and, in some cases, fibrosis. This classic form of interstitial cystitis can be associated with progressively smaller bladder capacity over time.
The nonulcerative type of interstitial cystitis is characterized by similar clinical symptoms (ie, frequency, urgency, pelvic pain), but the cystoscopic findings noted for the ulcerative lesion are absent. Instead, after overdistention, these patients demonstrate glomerulations that are discreet, tiny, raspberry-like lesions appearing on the dome and lateral walls of the bladder and tiny mucosal tears and submucosal hemorrhages. Bladder biopsy findings in these patients often are unremarkable, as compared with those found in patients with classic interstitial cystitis.
The etiology of interstitial cystitis remains unknown and is likely multifactorial.[25, 26] Proposed etiologies include the following:
Pathogenic role of mast cells in the detrusor and/or mucosal layers of the bladder
Deficiency in the glycosaminoglycan layer on the luminal surface of the bladder, resulting in increased permeability of the underlying submucosal tissues to toxic substances in the urine [27]
Infection with a poorly characterized agent (eg, a slow-growing virus or extremely fastidious bacterium)
Production of a toxic substance in the urine
Neurogenic hypersensitivity or inflammation mediated locally at the bladder or spinal cord level
Manifestation of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction or dysfunctional voiding
Autoimmune disorder
Although interstitial cystitis has not traditionally been considered a heritable condition, a 2005 study from the University of Maryland reported a higher occurrence of interstitial cystitis in monozygotic versus dizygotic twins, suggesting the disease has at least a partial genetic predisposition.[28]
Patients with interstitial cystitis are more likely to have undergone prior gynecologic surgery and/or to have a history of urinary tract infections and are 10-12 times more likely to report childhood bladder problems. Interstitial cystitis is associated with several chronic illnesses, including inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, and atopic allergy.
Other autoimmune conditions have also been shown to bear resemblance or be associated with IC/BPS. Sjögren syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome show antibodies against urothelium, smooth muscle, and connective-tissue components of the urinary bladder. Indeed, the pathophysiology of these conditions is similar to that of IC/BPS.[29]
Psychiatric conditions associated with interstitial cystitis include anxiety disorder, depression, and adjustment reactions.
Reports on the prevalence of interstitial cystitis conflict, depending on the country of origin and the criteria used for diagnosis. In addition, there is signficant overlap with conditions such as urinary tract infection, pelvic pain sydromes, and overactive bladder.[30]
Current studies estimate that between 2.7% and 6.5% of American women have symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS).[31] The broad range in incidence depends on whether a high-sensitivity definition (6.53%) is used versus a highly specific definition (2.7%). Roughly translated, these numbers indicate 3.3-7.9 million women older than 18 years in the United States are affected by symptoms of IC/BPS. Of these women, however, only 9.7% report being assigned a diagnosis of IC/BPS.[32]
In the United States, Curhan et al showed a prevalence of 60-70 cases per 100,000 women. The 2004 United States Nurses Health Study indicated a prevalence of 2.3%.[33] However, the estimated overall incidence rate of interstitial cystitis is 2.6 cases per 100,000 women per year in the United States.
Reports from Europe indicate a prevalence of 18 cases per 100,000 women, whereas only 3-4 cases per 100,000 women are reported in Japan. The marked differences between these countries and the United States are likely due to differences in diagnostic criteria, varying from all-encompassing clinical criteria (eg, those from the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases [NIDDK] of the US National Institutes of Health) to very strict criteria based on a pathologic diagnosis. Epidemiological studies are difficult given the wide variability in which patients are identified as research subjects. Some studies ask individuals to self-identify, while others survey physicians who may be unfamiliar with IC/BPS.[34]
Using a validated IC/BPS case definition, Berry et al discovered that only 50% of women who met criteria for IC/BPS had been evaluated by a urologist and only 10% carried the diagnosis, which strengthens the argument that this disease is largely underreported.[34]
Race-, sex-, and age-related differences in incidence
Of patients with interstitial cystitis, 94% are white and approximately 90% are female. Household size, marital status, number of male sexual partners, educational status, and parity were previously not statistically different between patients with interstitial cystitis and healthy controls. However, new data from the RAND interstitial cystitis cohort have shown that according to a standardized definition, women in that study were considerably more likely to be uninsured, less likely to be married, and had more children than others with the reported diagnosis of IC/BPS.[31]
Interstitial cystitis appears to be slightly more common in Jewish women.
The condition is also dramatically under-reported in men. There is significant overlap of symptoms of IC/BPS to symptoms of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. In fact, 17% of men were reported to have symptoms of both complexes. This supports the hypothesis that IC/BPS and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome share a common pathophysiology in men. However, many of these studies rely on the patient's self-reported symptoms, so estimates of incidence in men are likely higher than previously reported.[35]
Median age at presentation is 40 years. However, Close et al have shown that interstitial cystitis may occur in children. In their series, the median age of onset was 4.5 years, with a mean age of diagnosis of 8.2 years. The children had diffuse glomerulations and terminal hematuria. Of the 16 children in the study, 15 improved after bladder hydrodistention.[36]
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition most often with a variable course characterized by intermittent periods of exacerbations and remissions; however, rarely, there is chronic progression to a small-capacity bladder with resultant severe lower urinary tract symptoms and risk of upper tract deterioration. Unfortunately, the disorder responds poorly to treatment in many cases. No treatment to date has been shown to decrease disease progression; therefore, the purpose of treatment is to palliate and alleviate symptoms. Although rare, classic interstitial cystitis may lead to bladder wall scarring that results in a contracted, small-capacity bladder. These patients may require augmentation cystoplasty or some form of urinary diversion.
Because of the chronic nature of interstitial cystitis and the significant impact on the patient's quality of life, the psychological impact of the condition can be enormous. Ongoing emotional support is essential.[37, 38] Again, using the RAND interstitial cystitis cohort and a bladder symptom impact scale (BSI), women with a higher BSI score were more likely to have worse general mental and physical health–related quality of life, have more severe depressive symptoms, and a lower perceived control over life in general. They were also found to have worse coping skills overall than women with lesser or no symptoms.[39]
An example of the impact of education and counseling on the treatment of the interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) complex comes from 2 placebo-controlled trials with amitriptyline for IC/BPS. In these studies, patients receiving education plus placebo were compared with placebo alone and to amitriptyline alone, and patients receiving education achieved among the highest response rates.[40]
Patient Education
More information about interstitial cystitis and support information for patients can be obtained from the following associations:
Interstitial Cystitis Association
51 Monroe St. Suite 1402
Rockville, MD 20580
Telephone toll-free: 1-800-help ICA
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Urology Care Foundation
1000 Corporate Boulevard
Linthicum, MD 21090
Phone: 410-689-3700 or 1-800-828-7866
Fax: 410-689-3998
Interstitial Cystitis Network: The Interstitial Cystitis Network is a large archive of information on the Web for interstitial cystitis, including patient materials, a research library, and physician referrals
The National Institutes of Health maintains a patient information site for Interstitial Cystitis
Urology Channel, which is a source of general health information about urologic subjects, has a review of interstitial cystitis
For patient education information, see Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).
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Cervigni M, Natale F, Nasta L, Mako A. Intravesical hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: long-term treatment results. Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Sep. 23(9):1187-92. [Medline].
Nickel JC, Hanno P, Kumar K, Thomas H. Second multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group evaluation of effectiveness and safety of intravesical sodium chondroitin sulfate compared with inactive vehicle control in subjects with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Urology. 2012 Jun. 79(6):1220-4. [Medline].
Mayer R, Propert KJ, Peters KM, et al. A randomized controlled trial of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin for treatment refractory interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2005 Apr. 173(4):1186-91. [Medline].
Reimer K, Fleischer W, Brögmann B, Schreier H, Burkhard P, Lanzendörfer A, et al. Povidone-iodine liposomes--an overview. Dermatology. 1997. 195 Suppl 2:93-9. [Medline].
Fraser MO, Chuang YC, Tyagi P, Yokoyama T, Yoshimura N, Huang L. Intravesical liposome administration--a novel treatment for hyperactive bladder in the rat. Urology. 2003 Mar. 61(3):656-63. [Medline].
Chuang YC, Lee WC, Lee WC, Chiang PH. Intravesical liposome versus oral pentosan polysulfate for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. J Urol. 2009 Oct. 182(4):1393-400. [Medline].
Tanaka T, Nitta Y, Morimoto K, Nishikawa N, Nishihara C, Tamada S, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis resistant to conventional treatments: long-term results of a case series in Japan. BMC Urol. 2011 May 24. 11:11. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Gallego-Vilar D, García-Fadrique G, Povo-Martin I, Salvador-Marin M, Gallego-Gomez J. Maintenance of the response to dimethyl sulfoxide treatment using hyperbaric oxygen in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: a prospective, randomized, comparative study. Urol Int. 2013. 90(4):411-6. [Medline].
Evans RJ. Sacral neuromodulation is an effective treatment for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: con. J Urol. 2012 Dec. 188(6):2044-5. [Medline].
Marcelissen T, Jacobs R, van Kerrebroeck P, de Wachter S. Sacral neuromodulation as a treatment for chronic pelvic pain. J Urol. 2011 Aug. 186(2):387-93. [Medline].
Gajewski JB, Al-Zahrani AA. The long-term efficacy of sacral neuromodulation in the management of intractable cases of bladder pain syndrome: 14 years of experience in one centre. BJU Int. 2011 Apr. 107(8):1258-64. [Medline].
Chai TC, Zhang C, Warren JW, Keay S. Percutaneous sacral third nerve root neurostimulation improves symptoms and normalizes urinary HB-EGF levels and antiproliferative activity in patients with interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2000 May. 55(5):643-6. [Medline].
Comiter CV. Sacral neuromodulation for the symptomatic treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis: a prospective study. J Urol. 2003 Apr. 169(4):1369-73. [Medline].
Peters KM, Konstandt D. Sacral neuromodulation decreases narcotic requirements in refractory interstitial cystitis. BJU Int. 2004 Apr. 93(6):777-9. [Medline].
Rajkumar GN, Conn IG. Botulinum toxin: a new dimension in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Urology. 2004 Jul. 64(1):2-8. [Medline].
Flynn MK, Webster GD, Amundsen CL. The effect of botulinum-A toxin on patients with severe urge urinary incontinence. J Urol. 2004 Dec. 172(6 Pt 1):2316-20. [Medline].
Rapp DE, Lucioni A, Katz EE, et al. Use of botulinum-A toxin for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder symptoms: an initial experience. Urology. 2004 Jun. 63(6):1071-5. [Medline].
Kuo HC, Jiang YH, Tsai YC, Kuo YC. Intravesical botulinum toxin-A injections reduce bladder pain of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome refractory to conventional treatment - A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2015 Apr 24. [Medline].
Pinto R, Lopes T, Silva J, Silva C, Dinis P, Cruz F. Persistent therapeutic effect of repeated injections of onabotulinum toxin a in refractory bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2013 Feb. 189(2):548-53. [Medline].
Gottsch HP, Miller JL, Yang CC, Berger RE. A pilot study of botulinum toxin for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011 Jan. 30(1):93-6. [Medline].
Tirumuru S, Al-Kurdi D, Latthe P. Intravesical botulinum toxin A injections in the treatment of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Oct. 21(10):1285-300. [Medline].
Peng CH, Jhang JF, Shie JH, Kuo HC. Down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with decreased inflammation after intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA injections combined with hydrodistention for patients with interstitial cystitis--clinical results and immunohistochemistry analysis. Urology. 2013 Dec. 82(6):1452.e1-6. [Medline].
Norus T, Fode M, Nordling J. Ileal conduit without cystectomy may be an appropriate option in the treatment of intractable bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Scand J Urol. 2013 Sep 27. [Medline].
Nordling J, Blaivas JG. Should urinary diversion for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis include cystectomy?. J Urol. 2014 Feb. 191(2):293-5. [Medline].
Manning J, Dwyer P, Rosamilia A, Colyvas K, Murray C, Fitzgerald E. A multicentre, prospective, randomised, double-blind study to measure the treatment effectiveness of abobotulinum A (AboBTXA) among women with refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov 26. [Medline].


text:
Current Affairs
US: Thousands of same-sex marriage opponents and supporters to gather in Utah
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Reader comments
I so hope this amendment gets voted down
My respects and best wishes to all those fighting for our right to love who we wish.
This is human rights as well as gay rights
Good luck everyone.
These religious nut jobs, protesting against equality. Do they have nothing better to do with their time? Religion does not have a monopoly on marriage …. which in my opinion is simply a contract between two people you wish to formalise their union. If two people want a religious marriage, let them have it. But if they don't want a religious marriage, why should they be prevented from formalising their union IN EQUALITY? To have a differently-named union union sends out completely the wrong signal that gay people are somehow second-class citizens. It's high time religion realised it is a 'belief'. Many millions of people do not believe. So why should the believers force the non-believers to do things their way?
The numbers turning out for this should be interesting.
It's known that LGBT equality is now more popular than religious dictatorial attitudes, so it should be a slam-dunk for us in that regard.
Bring it on homophobic bigots, you've already lost and every event like this will likely show it over and over again until support for this bigoted nonsense is well and truly dead.
I wonder if those opposing same sex marriage at this protest understand at all that they are diminishing their following further with these outward displays of bigotry?
Whatever it takes to lessen the religious lunacy I'm all in favor. I hope they carry on embarrassing and humiliating themselves until every young person in the US is refusing religion outright.
Not in Utah it isn't.
On this topic, definitely watch…
"Latter Days" (2003)
"The Falls" (2012).
For additional Mormon/religious fun, watch…
"8 The Mormon Proposition" (2010)
"For the Bible Tells Me So" (2007)
But, if all you want is a quickie, watch this clip from Season 2, Episode 3, of the "West Wing"…
They display a hive intellligence like insects, the Utah seal is very literal.
just as Marvin answered I'm taken by surprise that anybody able to make $4979 in one month on the internet . Read More Here>>> FB39.COM
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subset: commoncrawl


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ANDERSON, Ind. (AP) — Andrew Luck arrived at training camp Tuesday with a healthy body, a new contract and a different perspective.
Paris (AFP) - Roger Federer said on Tuesday he will miss the remainder of the season, including next month's Olympic Games in Rio, as the 17-time Grand Slam champion recovers from a knee injury.


text:
Nigel Basel shared the lessons he has learned doing Test Driven Development (TDD) for the last 8 years.
The stats show that TDD is still a minority sport with the average results polling in at 35% or so. Nigel mentioned that for a solid, quality base you needed TDD, refactoring and Continuous Integration (CI) to co-exist and none of these independently will result in a high quality codebase. For Nigel the best results come about from the creation and running of acceptance tests and unit tests in a tight cycle.
The usual way of developing by writing the code first and then hitting debugger is error prone and TDD offers an escape from this tedious cycle by encouraging developers to instead make it fail, make it work and then make it better through the cycle of getting failing tests to pass and then refactoring the code.
A good test should capture the business functionality not whether a certain algorithm works.
TDD is an aid to helping you get there, its not a replacement for classic design skills such as SOLID or DRY. It's also no substitute for thinking!
With TDD the design of the system is captured in runnable form.
Some people do not use TDD because they think it will take too much time. Empirical evidence suggests TDD actually takes a similar amount of time. Writing tests first focus you on the task at hand. It also helps you recover from distractions much quicker as a failing test will be an instant reminder of what you have left to do. Much more time is spent fixing defects found post development. In Nigel's own experience of product development TDD has saved him a huge amount of time.
Defect density is lower using TDD but TDD is really more about design than testing. You end up with low coupled and highly cohesive software.
When estimating effort for functionality ensure you cover the effort of writing your tests together with the code.
Nigel mentions Mike Feather's assertion that code without tests is legacy code. The best approach, Nigel suggests is to use Mike Feather's concept of Test Coverings when tackling legacy code that does not have unit tests. The goal is to detect changes to the current system in order to make it safe to refactor and extend. Most Test Coverings would be integration tests rather than unit tests.
Tests need continual buy-in from the development team or the tests 'grow mould' as the system changes but the tests lag behind.
For User Interface (UI) tests timing is a big factor. While coded UI tests are possible they are often brittle.
There are upfront costs to TDD but the benefits far outweigh the costs. Nigel suggests those new to TDD start small as TDD is about one test at a time. A great way of introducing TDD is to try it on a greenfield project or even a tool that you are building that will interact with the system. Find the testing framework that is right for you. A refactoring tool will also make life a lot easier as it takes a lot of the pain out of the refactoring process. The right toolset will really speed things up. And if you really want to speed things up Nigel recommends coming along to the next code retreat!
Often developers will shy away from TDD because the extra work will only reap benefits in the future. But Nigel thinks the benefits are worth it. And the benefits aren't all technical, it will also improve the developers quality of life with days being full of instant gratification. The steps of writing a test, seeing it fail and then making it work instill confidence in the developer for the quality of code, however Nigel points out they need to be the right tests! Another thing to bear in mind that there is nothing too small to test, TDDing your code will always be worth it.
Refactoring isn't just for the code itself, its also for the tests. Tests are also a great form of documentation especially when it comes to providing documentation for APIs.TDD has simple rules but applying them in the real world is not easy. Focus on the test first, not the code. For Nigel a good unit test is readable, quick to run, cohesive, documents usage and its results are deterministic.
I'm not sure if TDD is like teenage sex but everyone should be doing it, TDD that is.
internett spill


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text: Ohio's Government Website Has a Great Porn-Sharing HubAdam Weinstein3/04/14 12:20pmFiled to: good ideaspornohiooilnaturegovernment542EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Say you're a state bureaucrat. How do you make natural resources management sexy? With porn. Duh.Via the Columbus Dispatch: Maybe someone saved it to the wrong place. Maybe they were trying to store it so it wasn't on their personal computer. Whatever the reason, it appears that a video file entitled "Sexy Babe" containing pornography ended up on the Ohio Department of Natural Resources website. Within the department's division of oil and gas site, there is a Risk Based Data Management System that contains "comprehensive well data for over 100,000 wells permitted since 1980." There you can find a file transfer protocol or FTP site used mainly to allow companies to transfer large files such as maps to ODNR, said Eileen Corson, ODNR spokeswoman. But no credentials were required to do so, allowing anyone in the public to transfer whatever they wanted. Enter the two porn videos that were uploaded Feb. 21 and discovered yesterday by a Dispatch reader. A number of music files and other non-official-looking files also were there. Porn on an FTP? You don't say. "Someone was using it as cloud storage," Corson told the paper. "Unfortunately, that happens." Advertisement But no matter how hardcore "Sexy Babe" was, it probably wasn't nearly as obscene as the oil companies' "comprehensive well data." GIF Drill, baby, drill! Sponsored [Photo credit: jwblinn/Shutterstock]Reply54 repliesLeave a reply


text:
Ingram Publishing, Getty Images/Ingram Publishing
ST. LOUIS — The termination of two lesbian faculty members at Cor Jesu Academy, an all-girls Catholic high school, has prompted an outcry from alumnae who have vowed to withhold donations to the school.
In the last several weeks, alumnae have created a private Facebook group with more than 2,000 members in support of the couple, Olivia Reichert and Christina Gambaro, urging supporters to call and write to Cor Jesu leaders and voice their concerns.
Cor Jesu is in the midst of its "One Heart, One Spirit, One Vision" capital campaign for a new chapel, gym, student commons and additional parking.
Reichert said she and Gambaro were asked to resign after the school said in late July it received a copy of a mortgage application with the couple's names. The couple had married in New York over the summer and the school said they had violated the moral contract faculty are required to sign as part of employment.
The firing comes as news that a chemistry teacher at a Catholic, all-girls high school in Bloomfield Hills, outside Detroit, said she was fired before the semester started because of her "non-traditional" pregnancy. The teacher, Barbara Webb, 33, is a lesbian in a committed relationship with another woman. She worked at Marian High School for nine years, the Detroit Free Press reported.
A statement from St. Louis' Cor Jesu said the school "does not publicly discuss personnel matters."
Many there are concerned not only about Gambaro and Reichert, but how the decision to fire gay faculty will affect current and future Cor Jesu students.
In response, the Chargers Allies, another Facebook group with more than 200 members, was created as "a safe space where both members of the LGBTQ community and those who support them can connect and hopefully find a way to create change at Cor Jesu Academy."
Chargers Allies member Coco Fernandez, 22, an alumna of the school who now lives in Chicago, said she wants all who work and attend Cor Jesu to "feel welcomed and accepted as who they are, regardless of sexual orientation."
Fernandez also said Reichert had been one of her favorite teachers at the school.
"She was a great role model for the girls. She was always kind," Fernandez said.
"We are being taught to be open and accepting of everybody, and yet teachers are being fired because of their sexual orientation," Fernandez said when speaking about her education at Cor Jesu.
In a Facebook post, Gambaro wrote that although alumnae support for her and her wife had been overwhelming, "the law is not on our side, nor is the church, so we have no ground to stand on."
As in many other states, it is legal in Missouri to fire someone based on sexual orientation. And while the Roman Catholic Church says gays should be treated with compassion, the church rejects gay marriage and considers homosexual acts a "grave depravity" and "intrinsically disordered."
Gambaro and Reichert are only the latest in a string of recent gay faculty firings at Roman Catholic schools.
Last year, Ken Bencomo, who taught English at St. Lucy's Priory High School in the Los Angeles suburb of Glendora for 17 years, was fired after an article in the Southern California newspaper Inland Valley Daily Bulletin published a story and video about his wedding.
That same year, teacher Carla Hale was fired from a Roman Catholic high school in Columbus, Ohio, after someone pointed out that she listed her lesbian partner's name in her mother's obituary.
In Pennsylvania, Michael Griffin, an openly gay teacher at Holy Ghost Preparatory School, was fired in December 2013 for obtaining a marriage license with his longtime partner in New Jersey, according to news reports.
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text:
on rabble.ca
Grim proposed Athabasca University budget to be shown faculty today projects insolvency by 2017-2018 | Jul 21 2016 | David J. Climenhaga | The budget that will be presented to the AU Faculties Council in Athabasca this morning has the tone of a document drafted under protest.
'The typical brown paper envelope under the door': UBC's student society found guilty of unfair labour practices | Jul 20 2016 | Sruthi Tadepalli | UBC's Alma Mater Society was found guilty of unfair labour practices after evidence a manager tried to convince a member to vote no to unionization. The AMS says it's normal communication.
How do we teach our teenagers courage in a world that needs it? | Jul 18 2016 | Lizanne Foster | Essentially, my students want to know why it's so hard for people to get along with other people.
Romila Barryman explores the hidden historical South Asian community of Vancouver's Chinatown | Jul 14 2016 | Romila Barryman | Cultural historian Naveen Girn takes us through what he calls "Being Brown in Chinatown," and the clues of a community within Vancouver's downtown eastside that has left no remnants.
Six ways to support the work of Black Lives Matter across Canada this week | Jul 10 2016 | Allies and community, let's keep the momentum going!
New funding models could cut 670 unionized jobs at York University | Jul 7 2016 | Ryan Moore | Graduate assistantships at York University are at risk, leading to concerns about benefits including health coverage.
Saskatchewan schools blindsided by education funding cuts | Jul 1 2016 | Teuila Fuatai | The $2.2 billion budget allocates less money than the previous year to 13 of 28 schools with nearly $2.1 million trimmed from one of the schools.
Public schools nurture Canadian values | Jul 1 2016 | Lizanne Foster | Why is public education, the very cornerstone of a democracy where Canadian values are nurtured, under such sustained attack here in B.C.?
McGill drops legal battle over access to information request | Jun 24 2016 | Sophia Reuss | McGill University agreed to give Demilitarize McGill student Cadence O'Neal access to documents related to the CFD lab's military research after a four years of legal battles.
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FoodShare brings food justice solutions into classrooms | Jun 23 2016 | Doreen Nicoll | Tuesday, I found nirvana for those seeking food justice when I visited FoodShare Toronto.
Many teens find school stifling, stressful and depressing. So why don't we reinvent it? | Jun 22 2016 | Abby Karos | "Quietly, in the background, teens are dropping like flies."
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Time for spring again
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Edward Sargent • Veteran Member • Posts: 4,635
Time for spring again
May 6, 2013
7 inches of snow and three nights below 30 since my last spring pics. Covered the tulips with pots for 4 days. It is now in the 50's
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"Newport News, VA" Top 5 Page for this destination Newport News by davecallahan
Newport News Travel Guide: 27 reviews and 115 photos
Tradition says that the name came from the fact that "news" arrived here first that Captain "Newport" was bringing supplies to the Jamestown area.
The town was first settled in 1621. since then it has grown to a city of about 180000 people. The city is loosely divided into about 20 neighborhoods along racial, ethnic, historic and pecuniary groupings.
a good website for tourists to check-out is for Newport news info is:
ZIPCODES for Newport News are:
23601 through 23609, 23612, 23628
37.071046, -76.484557
Area Code 757
City Hall is 037-03-46N 076-30-29W
The city seal shows a tree and a few ships. The ships are the Godspeed , the Susan Constant and the Discovery; ships under Captain Newport's command. The tree is the elm tree which is a symbol for the place (in the shade of the elm tree) where the Warwick Commision (court) was held.
The symbol is also used in other official emblems like the Police badge.
Reviews (4)
I need earlugs when I go into their dining area ala warehouse. It is a high-ceiling affair with no wall coverings and... more travel advice
Newport News is loosely arranged into "neighborhoods" where people of similar ethnic or cultural or economic background... more travel advice
Whenever we go into an unfamiliar large city, we always ask the motel staff about what areas we need to avoid (if any)... more travel advice
If you are in the Newport News area and have even the slightest interest in American history then you owe it to yourself... more travel advice
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text: Survivor celebrity's charity robbedBy Andrea Ball | Friday, August 7, 2009, 01:07 PM How low can you get?According to this story a charity founded by Survivor celebrity Rupert Boneham was broken into this week. The thieves stole $5,200 in electronics.Clearly I can't vouch for the quality of Boneham's nonprofit, which helps troubled kids. Until today, I'd never even heard of it. What I can say is it takes an extra-special kind of person to steal money from a charity. Maybe the culprits didn't know they were hitting a nonprofit? Whatever. Doesn't matter.Hope the cops catch them soon.


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Video: Apple-Foxconn labour reform 'raises the bar' Add to ...
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Related quotes
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Mojave Moon is a 1996 American road movie. It stars Danny Aiello, Anne Archer, Michael Biehn, Angelina Jolie and Jack Noseworthy. The film was written by Leonard Glasser and directed by Kevin Dowling. Wikipedia
Al: (first lines - narration) Ever get so bored with your life, you're afraid your gonna do something stupid? And then you get afraid you're so far gone you can't even think up something stupid to do any more? Well last year when my wife and I split up, I decided to leave New York, thought I'd go to Seattle. Then I remembered, Seattle has even more serial killers than Long Island. Add that to the big coffee house scene, and you got a town filled with psychopaths - who are always awake.
Al: Six months in LA, and I'm thinkin' maybe coming here was stupid. Then a thing happened, and I found out, sometimes stupid is good.
|2 points


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Bob Zany a Bob and Tom Favorite!
By his own admission, Bob Zany revels in performing improve comedy. "My act is interacting with the audience. I have a beginning. I have an end. In the middle, whatever happens, happens. "What transpires is that many in the audience are lured into Bob's sarcastic world and (whether for better or worse) become part of the show. As befits his multiple nominations for Best Male Stand-Up Comic, Bob has made guest appearances on Rosanne and The Drew Carey Show and has been seen on Rodney Dangerfield's
August 19, 2016 at 8:00 PM Dwight York
"I hope you like jokes" may seem an absurd way for a comedian to begin a show but those are the words that comedian Dwight York uses to introduce himself to his audience each night. Then the joke-slinging begins and never ends until York says "goodnight" a couple hundred perfect one-liners later.
Dwight York performs at many of the nation's top comedy clubs and every summer headlines the Buffalo Chip Comedy Club at the annual Sturgis Motorcycle Rally. He has appeared at the Great American Comedy Festival, the Edinburgh Fringe Festival and was a two-time finalist in the San Francisco International Comedy Contest. In October of 2014, he placed 2nd at the Laughlin Laugh Fest.
York has also been a favorite guest on the nationally syndicated The Bob and Tom Show and was featured on their CD, You Guys Rock. York's CD Quickies (Stand Up! Records) can be heard on Sirius XM Satellite Radio's Raw Dog Comedy Channel and was rated a "top ten comedy release of the year" by The Serious Comedy Site. Laffspin Magazine says that Dwight York, as inventive as he is suggestive, is what Steven Wright would be if Wright had Robert Schimmel's blue streak, and that's a compliment to all three master comics.
August 26, 2016 at 8:00 PM HOMEGROWN COMEDY SPECIAL!Join us for a special event at Penguin's! Full line up of Local Comedians, including the winner of "Funniest Comedian in Iowa" AJ GRILL!
Andrew Cline
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September 02, 2016 at 7:30 PM Travis Howze - Funny Under Fire!Travis Howze is an internationally touring comedian and motivational speaker who spent 14 years in the military and emergency services as a U.S. Marine, Police Officer and Firefighter. Whether performing at corporate events and fundraisers to top comedy clubs, colleges and multiple tours overseas for our troops, Travis has become a comedic demand in multiple arena's and always leaves his audiences craving more!
Known as the military and emergency services voice of comedy, the topics of Travis' humor are limitless: from being raised in South Carolina to married life and fatherhood to his time in uniform and much more. Whether dodging bullets, chasing bad guys, or running into burning buildings, Travis is always FUNNY UNDER FIRE!
September 04, 2016 at 7:30 PM Brett EricksonBrett Erickson is a comedian based in Los Angeles, CA. As host of one of L.A.'s most popular weekly shows, Punch at the Pikey, Brett tackles the week's news with a bold and brash, tell-it-like-it-is style. Combining a razor-sharp wit with a lovably acerbic tongue, Brett takes on topics most comics are too afraid to go near. If you like your comedy in the tradition of Stanhope and Hicks, you'll love Brett.


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A caller's question about Asians giving the best manicures leads Guy Branum and Andrew to discuss jobs associated with race. Be sure to keep leaving us messages at (323) 389-RACE.
Episode 336 — Jobs Associated With Race
Started by July Diaz, Feb 11 2014 11:49 PM
No replies to this topic
Posted 11 February 2014 - 11:49 PM
burger boy nick wiger is this week's guest on my podcast twb.cool


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|"Yonik Seeley (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Commented: (LUCENE-743) IndexReader.reopen()
|Tue, 16 Oct 2007 21:40:51 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-743?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#action_12535354 ] Yonik Seeley commented on LUCENE-743: ------------------------------------- Having a read-only IndexReader would (should?) mean being able to remove "synchronized" from some things like isDeleted()... a nice performance win for multi-processor systems for things that didn't have access to the deleted-docs bitvec. > If our goal is to make them read-only (we can delete via IndexWriter already) But you can only delete-by-term. It's more powerful to be able to delete by docid, however I manage to come up with it. So I think deleteDocument(int id) should either be moved to a subclass. same with setNorms? > IndexReader.reopen() > -------------------- > > Key: LUCENE-743 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-743 > Project: Lucene - Java > Issue Type: Improvement > Components: Index > Reporter: Otis Gospodnetic > Assignee: Michael Busch > Priority: Minor > Fix For: 2.3 > > Attachments: IndexReaderUtils.java, lucene-743-take2.patch, lucene-743.patch, lucene-743.patch, lucene-743.patch, MyMultiReader.java, MySegmentReader.java, varient-no-isCloneSupported.BROKEN.patch > > > This is Robert Engels' implementation of IndexReader.reopen() functionality, as a set of 3 new classes (this was easier for him to implement, but should probably be folded into the core, if this looks good). -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online. --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
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Play any type of Game at Y8.com. The biggest Game Collection to play free online. Flash, Unity 3D, Html5, Android, Java and Shockwave.


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Live preview: www.japodianechoes.com
Journey to Japodia begins this fall!
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Release Date:
April 20, 2011
Date Published:
April 20, 2011
From the authors of the popular Indie Rock Coloring Book, this poster book is a colorful celebration of indie rock music and art. Showcasing original artwork by thirty of today's cutting-edge illustrators including Mike Perry, Deanne Cheuk, Jeremyville, Andy J. Miller, and more this poster collection is inspired by classic indie rock songs of each artist's choosing. Featuring such favorite indie rock acts as the Bon Iver, Devendra Banhart, and Iron & Wine, this book is a must-have for indie art and music fans. Plus, it's all for a good cause: royalties go to the host of admirable charities supported by Yellow Bird Project.
Genre: Music, Art
Sub-Genre: Genres + Styles / Rock
- Genre: Music, Art
- Subgenre: Genres + Styles / Rock
- Language: English
- Release Date: April 20, 2011
- Author: Yellow Bird Project , Andy J. Miller
other Info.
- Online Item #: 13297139
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 248-61-6490
- Item can be gift wrapped.
- Made in the USA or Imported


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Burning Man: Art on Fire Hardcover – August 8, 2014
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Editorial Reviews
"The desert festival known as Burning Man has evolved far beyond its 1990 origin as a simple party on a San Francisco beach centered on the immolation of a humanoid wooden sculpture. Now taking place on a dry lake bed in Nevada, the event is a giant noncommercial hedonist blowout for thousands of people revolving around a climactic incineration. This volume is an opulent photographic exploration of the artistic side of the celebration ranging from static sculpture to fire-breathing mutant cars. Short prefatory essays define Burning Man's history and ethos and give brief glimpses of the design and construction of the varied pieces on the unbelievably difficult terrain of the desert. The sculptures are as various as the minds of the creators and include free-form blobitecture, steampunk vehicles shooting flame, giant comic-book pirate ships, filigree steel female nudes, 40-ton granite boulders suspended overhead, dragon-shaped aluminum can smelters, vast wood and canvas temples, and a multiplicity of personal expressions designed to enhance the experience of the attendees. VERDICT The lush photography and fine printing will appeal to art and nonart audiences and the breezy text is aimed at inclusion rather than erudition. Whether you like the art pieces is a matter of taste, but this book is a great way to experience a bit of the thrill." - Library Journal
"Burning Man: Art on Fire provides a fine authorized collection of some of the amazing art work of the Burning Man annual gathering, collecting the sculptures, art installations, and stories from attendee artists and presenting a gallery of some 200 images representing the best of Burning Man creations. From photos to an aerial-view poster, this pairs full-page color photos with discussions of how each piece was created within the Burning Man festival. From silicon rays that use technology and art to the outer limits of self-expression to the creation of Burning Man temples, this is a fantastic art book packed with full-page color images all paired with discussions and packed into an oversized coffee-table creation accessible to art collections and individual fans of Burning Man culture alike." â?? The Midwest Book Review, California Bookwatch: November 2014
"Burners wait all year to travel to a remote desert where they create stupefying art and build amazing sculpture - then burn it all down a week later. Fortunately, someone took some pictures!" - Paul Reubens (aka Pee-wee Herman)
About the Author
Jennifer Raiser is a writer, strategist, business leader, and Burner. She has written for the San Francisco Chronicle, Huffington Post, Harvard Business School, and her online magazine, SFWire.com. She serves on the board of the Burning Man Project, volunteers as a Black Rock Ranger, and welcomes participants aboard the Kazbus Mutant Vehicle.
Sidney Erthal has had his camera poised for the past seven Burns which is how Burning Man aficionados carbon-date their experience with the festival. Born and educated in Brazil, he has lived in the San Francisco Bay area for the past decade.
Scott London is a longtime photographer of Burning Man, and his photos have appeared in Rolling Stone, Vanity Fair, GQ, and National Geographic Traveler. He is the former host of NPR's "Insight and Outlook."
Larry Harvey is the Founder of Burning Man and Burning Man Project. He currently serves as head of the Burning Man Project's Philosophical Center, conceives the theme of the Burning Man event each year, and determines the design of the Man and its base. He is passionate about books and art, and resides in San Francisco.
Will Chase is a writer best known for his role as publisher of Burning Man's online newsletter, Jackrabbit Speaks, and as editor of The Burning Blog. He is also a long-time art curator and arts consultant through his company, Will Chase Arts.
Leo Villareal is an artist who works with light and scale. He has created numerous iconic works including Multiverse for the underground walkway of Washington's National Gallery of Art, Hive for New York's Bleecker Street subway station, and The Bay Lights, spanning the Bay Bridge between San Francisco and Oakland.
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Top Customer Reviews
Reproducing the beautifully done photographs across both pages, captures the scale of the art within the vast background of the Playa.
And so importantly, the words of the artists who endure the extreme elements, spend all their money, and enlist all their friends to produce this fantasy world that could exist nowhere else. This book comes as close to being there as you will ever find in print. And for me, a blessed reminder of the wonder and magic I have experienced through the years.
Thank you
Patty Cole
Most Recent Customer Reviews
This book is exactly what I expected. I've been to the burn multiple times and I wanted a nice table piece to show art to my non burning man friends. It has been a rousing success. Read morePublished 27 days ago by Amazon Customer
Wow, I saw this book at a friend's home, and had to order it. I've never been to "Burning Man" but after seeing the spectacular art in this beautiful book, I definitely... Read morePublished 6 months ago by Janet P.
I gave this to my son who goes every year. He loved it ❤Published 6 months ago by A great Amazon customer who trusts them
Beautiful pictures and makes it easier to explain the event to people who ask about it. Many of the art pieces I found most memorable were included.Published 7 months ago by A. Segal
Incredibly beautiful book. If you haven't been to BM - this book will help you to visualize what it is about. Read morePublished 7 months ago by Dmitry Bratchikov
Just a terrific book which illustrates the magnitude of the event, from an art perspective.Published 8 months ago by thestyleranger


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330 Tasting Notes
Thank you to the Tea Merchant for these generous samples!
This is one of the few packages that made me pause and admire it before tearing in to get to the tea. It was wrapped in tissue paper with a fancy wax seal holding it closed. The Tea Merchant logo was stamped in the wax. Of course, it doesn't make the tea taste any better, but I still had to show everyone near me how neat the seal was.
This was one of the ones that I requested. It smells so delicious in the bag. It actually has a very similar taste to The Persimmon Tree's Coconut Creme. I think that calls for a side by side taste test soon! I really like the white tea flavor here. It takes the lead with the coconut flavors adding to that. It's very creamy and smooth. I would say this is for white tea lovers more than for coconut lovers, but it's hard not to enjoy this no matter what you love more.
I KNOW I was SO SO excited by the packaging!! I wrote them to thank them for that! Wax seals are SO cool – I totally want one but really have no use for one lol maybe I will get one just for tea trades! Lovely recycled packaging and wax seal made my day. I was also showing to everyone around me :)
I too was super impressed by the stamped gold wax. It was as if I had stepped back in time and was being summonesed by the king…probably to be beheaded…I wasn't even there, I never met the guy, it's not my fault. Oh sorry, a little corny delusional interuption.
This was in the traveling tea box I received. The person who included it noted that it was their favorite tea, so I really wanted to try it. Without reading anything about the flavor, I was expecting a smokey chai, maybe a lapsang/chai mix(does anyone make that)?
Even though I was a little disappointed that this wasn't what I was expecting, it is still good. The spices are really mild without being weak. I can definitely see myself sipping this next to a fire with a nice book and a kitty. I was worried the licorice would be strong, but I didn't notice at all.
A nice floral oolong, but I let my cup get cold :(
You know, I'm thinking that you could, with a little research, put together a whole novelty assortment of teas with funny names Hairy Crab…Camel's Breath…
haha after tasting it do you see the correlation with the name? Such a strange name. Now I'm curious as to what it tastes like haha.
I got a tin of this with their free offer. It was definitely packed as full as it could possibly go! This smells so good. It reminds me of Hawaiian Sun juice. It comes in cans like soda and has flavors like Passion-Guava and Strawberry Lilikoi. They're everywhere in Hawaii, and sometimes in Asain stores here on the mainland. I haven't had a Hawaiian Sun in forever so I was really excited about this.
I tried it both hot and cold. The flavors seemed to be about the same either way, and both ways were very good. Despite the strong smell, the guava flavor isn't IN YOUR FACE. It's a very light flavor. It doesn't taste weak or thin. It's light while still being very good.
I've been in a small town in Texas at my parents house for the summer. Unfortunately, the restaurant options here are VERY limited. I've been missing my favorite tiny Thai restaurant and their delicious Thai Iced Tea and was just thinking about it today. Well, I made a Traveling Tea Box on another website (www.reddit.com/r/teaexchange). I just received it back today after it going all across the US and even to the UK and Japan. I've been looking through it and there are SO MANY teas in there. But then I saw this little tea bag hidden behind everything else and knew I had to make it first. It makes such a crazy fun orange color while steeping. Normally I don't like super sweet teas, but this is the kind of tea that just HAS to be super sweet. It's very good and a close second to the version from my favorite Thai restaurant. I will definitely be looking to buy more.
I've been thinking about starting a box like that here, but I'm afraid of it vanishing…but because of the post office and not people here! That's awesome it made it all the way back!
This tea tastes like honey mixed with vinegar. I'm pretty sure I've had mate before and it didn't taste like this. I'm not sure what this flavor is from but I don't think I can bring myself to drinking this tea ever again. The honey flavor IS really good, and I wish that was the only flavor because then I would love this tea. Maybe something bad happened to this poor tea? I don't see anyone else mentioning this flavor.
I have a bit left, so if anyone else is interested in it, please let me know. Even though I haven't exactly made it sound delicious! :P
Have you tried it iced? I really didn't like it much at all hot, but as an iced tea it's one of my favourites. Then again, could just be something in there that didn't agree with you!
This tea seems so divisive, people either really love it or really hate it! I think maybe it's the combo of so many different base teas? I'm on the like side, but I can see why people think it's icky.
This is one of those teas that's fun to look at it. There are all kinds of little spices and bits of fruit. It almost looks more like food than tea! Steeped, it creates this pretty amber color.
I'm mostly getting tart, apple like flavors. Every now and then cinnamon pops up. I was really expecting a lot more spices for something like this :( Maybe I've just burnt out my taste buds from really strong teas. I'll try cold brewing
I got this in the fall Try Me pack. When I saw the fall one, I HAD to get it. I love anything fall and winter. And, while it may be fall in some places, it'll still be a few months here in Texas before it gets below the triple digit weather.
My mom and I decided to try this tea first. It's definitely chocolatey. It has the same good creamy chocolate flavor as their Chili Chocolate Truffle. I'm also picking up hints of smoky campfire flavors. I don't think there was any flavor left in my cup from other things, so I'm assuming it is this tea. It doesn't seem mentioned in the description, but I like the smokey hints!
Normally, I don't like adding milk to my tea. But I always feel like I need to add milk to chocolatey teas. I tried it here, and I actually liked the tea better without the milk. It was still good with milk in, but it almost seemed to hide the flavors instead of enhancing them. Any chocolate tea that doesn't need milk is great in my book!
I accidentally let this cold brew longer than I meant to, so that may have made it more tart than it would otherwise have been. However, the tart hibiscus doesn't entirely drown out the other flavors now. I almost like the tart now, as it adds to the flavor instead of being ALL UP IN YOUR FACE. I still needed to add sugar, but that's not a huge problem for me.
This was another of the teas that I won from Della Terra Teas (seriously, go like them on facebook, there are so many giveaways). This was also one of the teas I suggested when they asked for ideas for fall teas. Makes me feel special!
So, I made a very sad tea discovery last night when I was drinking this. I don't like nutmeg in teas. I like it in cooking, but not teas. I first noticed this when I tried Forever Nuts. It had a weird smell and taste to me that I just didn't like. When I opened this up, there was that same smell! I was hoping it would drown out in the taste, but no :( My mom tried it, and said it tasted just like pumpkin pie, so obviously it is a good tea. I just can't get past the nutmeg :(
If you don't mind or even like nutmeg in teas, give this a try. According to my mom it is really good. I was looking forward to this tea too. Silly taste buds :(


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Universal Pictures Speaks Out Against Offensive Casting Call
Universal Pictures and the filmmakers behind the planned N.W.A. biopic are distancing themselves from an offensive casting announcement ...Read more ›
Entertainment Section
Universal Pictures and the filmmakers behind the planned N.W.A. biopic are distancing themselves from an offensive casting announcement ...Read more ›
Lifetime cast a new lead in its Aaliyah biopic after Zendaya Coleman backed out of the role last month without comment. Nickelodeon actress Alexandra Shipp ...Read more ›
As plans for the Whitney Houston biopic continue to develop, fans have already gotten exciting updates about what the film will have to offer. ...Read more ›
Keke Palmer made waves when she secured her own BET talk show, "Just Keke," but her choice to host Chris Brown's current girlfriend, Karrueche Tran ...Read more ›
Shonda Rhimes, the mastermind behind shows like "Scandal" and "Grey's Anatomy," just revealed a bit of her endgame when it comes to Olivia Pope & Associates ...Read more ›
Sam Wilson, Captain America's longtime partner The Falcon, will be replacing Steve Rogers this fall in the comic book series, Marvel Chief Creative Officer ...Read more ›
Members of Michael Jackson's extended family are stepping out of what they call "the Jackson bubble" for a reality show. ...Read more ›
Nina Simone's, Whitney Houston's and Aaliyah's biopics aren't the only films to stir up family drama and casting controversies. Richard Pryor's ...Read more ›
Whoopi Goldberg let the world know that she is done with all of the drama surrounding the upheavals on "The View." ...Read more ›
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text: The historic Pigeon Point Lighthouse is pictured in its storied location on the Pacific coast south of San Francisco in this wallhanging pattern. Piecing and machine appliqué techniques are used to recreate the lighthouse, while organza overlays make the light shine for all to see. Fabric requirements include: 22" x 22" backing; 10" x 10" blue sky; 1/4 yd each borders and binding; 9" x 18" set triangles; 20" x 20" organza; (12) assorted fabrics for lighthouse scene; 20" x 20" each fusible web and Misty Fuse. 'Pigeon Point, CA' pattern by Debra Gabel of Zebra Patterns. Finished size is about 20" x 20".