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Girl Meets World: Girl Meets World (2014)
Excellent Continuation
I love that the show is in the same hands of the people who wrote Boy Meets World. This first episode introduced the new characters more than the temptation to focus on the older characters, and it has the same flavor and humor of the previous show. I'm very excited about where this show will go and what themes it will be explored in this new 'coming of age' story. I love 'coming of age' stories and what they mean to a culture. Boy Meets World marked my generation of the ages a little older than mine; I'm looking forward to Girl Meets World gaining that same meaning for this current coming of age generation and all the issues it faces. I'm very proud of the writers and cast. Fantastic start!
The Internship (2013)
Quality Commentary on Current Issues
The Internship touches on many of the current issues faced with people in their 20s and 30s today (fewer jobs out of college, competitive job markets, globalization through social media, the lonely generation, work-a-holics that missed life and nostalgically read facebook, valuing team diversity as an edge on success, etc) with great quality, accuracy, and humor. This film depicts this generation very well in it's strengths, weaknesses, and struggles. I wish there were better solutions to these issues today. But Vince Vaughn's character kinda hit it. We need to keep going when we fail, build a team of entrepreneurs, learn from those who have gone before us, and hold onto some tenacity to see something happen (without getting cocky). And do all of those things with creativity and joy that can inspire a team to use all their strengths. What a great challenge. Great film with no cheese.
Man of Steel (2013)
New Perspective :: Very Good!!
Being a big Superman fan, I found the film very refreshing to be retelling story elements in new ways. It kinda had the the 'Nolan' feeling of trying to make the story as rough and realistic as possible in telling a science fiction story. The story departed from some traditional elements of most Superman stories, but I think it played into a strength more than a weakness.
The first element that is different is Krypton. It's not the ice kingdom with crystals, but a place that looks like something out of Avatar. It looks foreign, fantastic, and just an exciting world. A related element is that the Fortress of Solitude ends up being a 20,000 year old space ship, which is cool, but it deviates from the picture painted from the Donner, Singer, Gough & Miller films of a crystal fortress growing out of the ground. It's a fresh perspective.
I loved how they made Clark this wonderer going throughout the world trying different trades for years with no attachments. This element made his character so real. For a guy that has to keep his life a secret to the world, this element in the story made his character connect so well with audiences. He has a lot of uncertainty, but he also has talents that he must use in secret. His life also leads bread crumbs for the famous intrepid reporter, and I think the twist in the next element is the most fantastic of them all.
Lois Lane started off as a pretty oxymoron character when these stories were starting to be made a century ago. She figured out secret plots in every story, except for the her closest co-worker was Superman. The Gough & MIller films try to flesh out a better version of telling the story where it makes better sense and Lois is not stupid, but this film hits it perfectly. Having her know his secret from the get-go explains their closeness and it makes her a deeper character that isn't stupid at all. That element was awesome!!
There are NO GREEN ROCKS in this film. I found it surprising, but at the same time a fresh perspective. Superman must have a weakness for there to be plot otherwise he wins in the first 30 seconds of conflict. But developing how he gains his strength slightly different in this film than any other provides strength & weakness in different ways. Though it deviates from most Superman stories in this area, I still think it's a strength to the story telling.
The only thing that was really strange to me was an explanation about the DNA of the population of Krypton being hidden in Clark's cells. The information didn't make sense, and it distracted from the story telling (not a big deal though). My other difficult questions I had were about how much of the city of Metropolis was destroyed. The magnitude of the destruction to the city was fairly massive. The next film shouldn't have the city reset to perfect.
Loved how there were 6 Smallville actors in the film, and many minor DC comics characters integrated into the story. Great performances from the entire cast; the Superman story was really brought to life in a new, fresh way.
Star Trek: Voyager: Initiations (1995)
The Ending
I think that the ending to this episode carried a tenacity of how ruthless Kazon are. Part of me really wants this show to be more of collecting stragglers to join in their mission to go home, and what if there were a rejected Kazon boy on Voyager becoming a part of the crew? It fits Janeway's character (and they do this with other characters in future episodes), but I returned to this episode saying, "Why didn't they add this boy to their crew?" I think the answer to this question is the Kazon boy's tenacity is more ruthless than a Borg. He wants to earn his name, he wants to be a Kazon (individually), and that kind of boy would never join a quest willingly to go to a new distant home called earth with a bunch of strangers. Fascinating story, and great to see Aron Eisenberg come to Voyager.
Star Trek: Voyager: The 37's (1995)
Great Dilemma Needing More Flesh
One of the great things about a story of a lost crew trying to return home is the moral questions it faces. This episode created a great moral question: "If we found a human civilization far from home, should we join it or continue home?" I think it was a great question, and I wish it was a longer story arc. It would have been great to see different parts of the crew agonizing over the question, some leaving or some people from that human civilization joining the Voyager quest home. This episode didn't change the story of the series. If I didn't watch this episode, it wouldn't have added or subtracted from the story. Meeting Amelia Earhart was cool, but this story didn't effect the characters or the direction of the story. I really wish it would have. This story had a lot of potential to be a really good piece of science fiction. I'd still say that it would good, but it's like having good ideas without a good story.
Arrow: Honor Thy Father (2012)
Still Very Riveting
This second episode has me locked in the story; I'm really enjoying this retelling. All the characters have an edge, and Stephen Amell does an amazing job playing the dual identity. His character really is 2 different people. It makes sense, and it brings flesh to the comic. The way the story is written, it is very believable. Some of the plot structure may be predictable in this episode (and that's not bad by any means); it's just comes with the style of story. In this retelling that is more detailed than anything captured on film about our Emerald Archer, we see layers to these characters and something very gritty. I wonder what the focus of each of these future seasons will be will be; I can't wait. Having 'China White' in the episode was great too. I'm looking forward to more DC characters being woven into this story.
Arrow: Pilot (2012)
This first episode gives me much optimism that the show will be very good and very gripping. Lots of characters and names are integrated in the show that if you knew who they were, it would be foreshadowing from the comics in what they will do in the future (I love it when they use comic characters in a comic show). This may not be the Dark Knight, but in many ways it seems to be the closest television form to the Dark Knight in story style with this retelling of the story of Oliver Queen. The episode had a more 'real' feel than most comic stories. It feels realistic, and the cast was awesome. It's fresh, in some ways unique, and I'm anticipating next week's episode of the famous Emerald Archer.
We Bought a Zoo (2011)
20 Seconds of Courage
I enjoyed this film in many ways. The story elements had something for a wide audience to connect with, it wasn't cheesy (though it had this 'happily ever after' kind of feel to it). Some stories are there to inspire people, and a guy using his entire inheritance to buy a zoo without knowing he'd succeed is pretty epic. I connected much with the scenes about dealing with grief. Those are universal emotions that all people deal with at some point in life in many ways. I appreciated that it wasn't wallowing, made lite of grief, or overdid the parts to this story in any way. Grief was portrayed in a realistic, healthy way. Much can be taken from this story that's positive to applying to life today. No, everyone doesn't need to buy a zoo, but life is an adventure, one that should be embraced with a thorough optimism of "Why not?" and facing every scary choice with 20 seconds of courage.
The Dark Knight Rises (2012)
I found this film to be a great completion to the films. Nolan really knows the themes of Batman and the psychology of the characters impeccably. The end of the film is satisfying. I've heard some criticism that the story was too complex, but I really don't agree. Nolan really uses this story to complete the other 2 very well.
Nolan tries to do what is unexpected in a story as much as he can, and I believe with the cards that he was given he accomplished that very well. The story is realistic. Previous Batman stories (or other superhero stories) make their characters larger than life. I would say Nolan brings the excitement and drama without doing that. 'Who would these people be if this was a real story?' That's the question he's said that he has asks himself when writing these films, and in that goal has succeeded.
This is a crime drama more than it is super hero film because Bruce Wayne is not "super"; he's a broken man fighting crime outside the law. The ultimate theme of this film is "Rising from Loss", and I believe this theme is something relevant to everyone on the planet who has experienced loss of any kind. Will it beat me? Will it define me? Will I rise up beyond that to salvage a life? Will I seek God? For so many people in the world, losses define existence, influence choices for the worse, and may leave so many in a place they can't escape. Nolan paints the soul defining experience for what it is, the most difficult trial that anyone will ever face on this earth. The elements in this film that touched on these things were some of my favorite scenes.
As to the film's intensity, I would say it would be ranked in between the 1st and 2nd film. The 2nd film was one of the most intense things I've ever seen, the 1st wasn't, and the 3rd was medium in that manner. I think Nolan did that to make his villains more ingest-able to a slightly wider audience, and that was probably a wise thing to do. Bane is a scary character, but there is no villain that I've ever seen on film that is scarier than Ledger's Joker. Rationalized evil is one of the scariest things on the planet (which in a sense is what organized crime is). Seeing into the mind of that is horrifying. It's cool to see Batman take a swing at that, but a slightly milder villain accomplishes the goal without being taken into an evil mind so deeply.
Great film at many levels. Great work Mr. Nolan! I'm looking forward to your next projects.
Star Trek: Voyager: Day of Honor (1997)
Honor & Conscience
You see 2 conflicts play in this story for both 7 and Torres.
I like how they write that 7 has no remorse over the destruction of civilizations. It makes her real. To a Borg, it's what they do and it's who they are. To them, it's not hatred as much as it is the greed of knowledge. 7 has no conscience (no ability to identify right and wrong), and she begins to have one by the end of the story. She senses hostility from the crew, and yet she has no idea how to react to it. It's like seeing some who doesn't just have no people skills, but she's never reacted to anyone. It's like watching Data on TNG, but it's grittier. She's a villain turning into a hero. It's as if she's thinking and interacting with a real group of people for the first time (because the character really is). Fabulous writing.
Torres is ashamed of her cultural heritage thinking it to be pointless and foolish. How many of us think the same way (such as family rituals, religious customs, and holiday traditions). If we don't value those things, how can they be important? What does the practice mean? Usually, those in a big family value the rituals, customs, and traditions because it brings them together. It gives them an identity as a group. But for those who don't have those kinds of things (such as Torres), how can she value that identity when she has no group to share it with (who values the same rituals, customs, and traditions)? If she values those things, she'd value them for herself, her unique identity, and her Klingon heritage. It would ultimately make her a culture of one. In the end of this story when she faces death, she wants what her people want "Honor", the thing that all Klingons long for and cherish: praise of accomplishments, actions worthy of song, and a place in history. It's not the most humble ambition to have, but Klingons aren't humble. They want people to think that they are great.


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Broom Hilda by Russell Myers
- October 07, 2013
- From Beginning
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Comments (11) (Please sign in to comment)
From the placing of the shadows, and assuming the general time is actually today, then we know that those islands are somewhere north of the Tropic of Capricorn but below the Equator, East is to our right and it's afternoon. If the time is sometime before the fall equinox, then we are south of the Tropic of Cancer, but above the Equator and we are facing South, and East is to our left and it is again, afternoon.
Why couldn't the colourists at least colour the sky a different shade of blue?
You lost me . . . even in colour!
Guess you are just lucky Broomie…
Are you sure one of you guys didn't import fleas to the island? I doubt it would be so different from its jumping-distance neighbors….
Itching to get out of that situation sometime, dearest Broomie..
In a few days those beetles will be tasty treats.
Why couldn't the colourists at least colour the sky a different shade of blue?
Will you, for crying out loud, quit kvetching about the dang color, or lack of it? Jumpin' jackrabbits, but you sound like a broken record! Every day, you make the same comment! Okay, you like it better in color, WE GET IT, ALREADY!
a) No bark beetles on palm trees
b) Bark beetles only eat plant material
I''l take your word for that, but judging by the style of those palm trees, I'm thinking they might be in the ares of the Caribbean.
Naw, they are on the Tropic of Imagination. It exists any place with water large enough to float a cartoonists boat and will have
1. Palm trees
2. Variable times of day and indeterminate shadows.
3. Flora and fauna that break all the rules of nature as long as its remotely funny.
So, just don't question it, sit back and enjoy.
The best thing about bark beetles? Their bark is worse than their bite!
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Elton JohnThu, October 17, 2013 - 9:30 PMACL Live at The Moody Theater in Austin, TX
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Cafe Monet is a paint your own pottery, fused glass, and wooden plaque painting studio where you can create fully functional, fabulous pieces for your home or as gifts. Step into our studio today to make your own masterpiece!
Fused Glass Blowout
We've been having way too much fun seeing all the fused glass made since our blowout started! Let's keep the creativity coming - the sale prices on our fused glass projects continue through the month of July until supplies last! All of our Fused Glass has been moved to the Triangle and there are HUGE discounts on every Glass project - Necklace Pendants, Bracelets, Frames, and more are all discounted. Walk in or make an appointment to work on these Fused Glass pieces. Learn more about our Fused Glass here.


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From Publishers Weekly
In his first book, lawyer and philosopher Lindsay, a PhD in bioethics, presents thoroughly researched arguments concerning several well-known and emerging bioethics issues: genetically modified foods, physician-assisted death for the terminally ill, conscientious objection by healthcare workers, genetic enhancement of human beings, and stem cell research. To start, Lindsay discusses common morality, that which is accepted by "virtually everyone" throughout time and cultures, and how that morality plays out with regard to new biomedical techniques: "Any attempt by humans to control and shape their lives in ways not previously contemplated by some religious tradition results in the claim that we are trying to 'play God.'" Looking at "substance, not semantics," Lindsay's preference for "a well-reasoned, pragmatic approach" doesn't preclude strong words for policymakers ("Saving embryos for the trash-that's the essence of the Bush administration policy on embryonic stem cell research"), but is largely apolitical and science-based. Though it reads a bit stiff, Lindsay's everyday-life analogies make this an interesting and accessible volume not only for those involved in biological sciences and healthcare, but for anyone concerned about these issues, and particularly public legislators.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
About the Author
Ronald A. Lindsay (Alexandria, VA) holds a doctorate in bioethics and is currently director of research and legal affairs at the Center for Inquiry in Washington, DC. For many years he practiced law in Washington, DC, and was an adjunct professor at Georgetown University and American University, where he taught jurisprudence and philosophy courses.


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Albert Kahn (live)23. May. 2016
We just got this recording of the song "Albert Kahn" from our latest concert at Jazzhouse in Copenhagen. You can hear the song and see some of Albert Kahns pictures on our facebook page.
Albert Kahn (1864-1940) was a French banker and philanthropist. His goal was to promote cross-cultural peace and understanding by taking pictures and showing them to the world. 100 years later this seems so present that we wrote a song to remember him.
SPOT- FESTIVAL15. Feb. 2016
Happy to announce that we will be playing at SPOT festival again this year.
We will keep you updated with where and when.
Article in Die Zeit7. Oct. 2015
The Jazzmann30. Sep. 2015
"With their blend of acoustic and electric instruments and broad range of influences Girls In Airports have developed a sound that is very much their own." THE JAZZMANN
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I recently had a mistake in an order, and the person who assisted me was very helpful and accommodating; I was very impressed. I will return to MisterArt.com as I need presentation supplies, in large part because of the quality of customer service.
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Pure LondonToday
The UK's premier fashion event Get your free ticket.
On Track For Summer Festival, Windsor. July 23/24Today
On Track For Summer. Two day Windsor Festival celebrating both the Summer of '66 and 2016 while raising money for Macmillan Cancer Support.
Chesney Hawkes: Celebrating 25 years of the One and Only26/07/2016
Celebrating 25th anniversary party for the one and only. Chesney and special guests...
Prince Revelation: Celebrating the life and music of Prince29/07/2016
Fresh from The Isle of Wight Festival 30 years after Purple Rain comes a show packed with Prince hits including Lets Go Crazy, Kiss, Diamonds and Pearls, When Doves Cry, Cream and many, many more!
John Coghlan's Quo30/07/2016
From 'Pictures of Matchstick Men' to 'Rockin' All Over the World', few bands can claim to emulate to the incredible success of one of the greatest rock bands of all time.
Practical workshop-based SEO training course in Birmingham01/08/2016
Birmingham-based SEO courses are tailored to help you make the most of your internet marketing. This course provides business-focused expert SEO training in Birmingham and around the West Midlands.
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On the first Tuesday of every month, there is the "Silver Club" which is a lunch a social club ran by Fulham Good Neighbours!
Free Lunchtime Music - Jazz Inspirations03/08/2016
Jazz inspirations - classical piano music inspired by jazz and vice versa
Free Lunch time concert - Gershwin Porgy and Bess, Steve Law Violin Concerto10/08/2016
Gershwin arr. Heifetz - Porgy and Bess Suite, Steve Law - Violin Concerto
The Rollin' Stoned19/08/2016
A tribute to The Rolling Stones focusing on the early part of their career from 1964 - 1969 including 'Jumping Jack Flash', 'Paint It Black', 'Not Fade Away' and 'Satisfaction'.


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Give your kitchen a lil lovin' with the 30" Half-Size Gas Convection Oven (GCO2D) from Vulcan. It is constructed fully from stainless steel to promote the durability and longevity of the unit.
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The weather affects each student greatly. Winter seems to be the worst for students because we still have to walk across campus in the cold, snowy weather. Most teachers never cancel class because each building is close together. During Fall and Spring time, the campus is beautiful to look at! It's the best part of being here at campus because it's so breath taking.
We have had a lot of snow this winter but we have still had classes and extracurricular activities. We have had extreme cold with polar vortex, and the cafeteria was not able to provide hot food one day, but had creative alternative. Fall is beautiful in the hills. There are plenty of sunny days.
The weather is pretty average. It's normally cold and snowy in the winter. Sometimes it can snow a lot. It's cool and fresh in the Fall. In the summer and spring it's warm and sunny. It's sometimes rainy. It's not too bad at all. The snow can accumulate in the winter, but if you live in the dorms it's not an issue.
Reminds me of home cold in the winter and warm in the summer, have to be prepared
It gets cold in the winter, and is also pretty snowy. There's a couple of ski resorts that benefit from the cold, snowy winters.
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Jackson's Contracting Inc
Phone: (703) 330-0868 View Additional Phone Numbers PO Box 4037, Manassas, VA 20108 http://www.jacksonscontracting.com
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Linn Energy (LINE -14.4%) and LinnCo (LNCO -12.2%) are downgraded by at least three firms...
Linn Energy (LINE -14.4%) and LinnCo (LNCO -12.2%) are downgraded by at least three firms following the disclosure of the informal SEC inquiry. J.P. Morgan expects significant volatility in LINE until the SEC inquiry is resolved and the impact on the Berry (BRY -5.2%) transaction is known. Howard Weil thinks the SEC could wind up forcing LINN to restate non-GAAP discretionary cash flow (Briefing.com).
From other sites
at CNBC.com (Jan 14, 2015)
at CNBC.com (Jan 2, 2015)
at CNBC.com (Jan 2, 2015)
at CNBC.com (Jan 2, 2015)
at CNBC.com (Jan 2, 2015)
Comments (18)
There are several potential outcomes, and the money-center analysts do need to cover their behinds. That said the news is being over-reacted to based on what facts I have read thus far. Holders may want to hedge longs with put options to sleep better while still keeping their upside on the table should all this come out positively for LINN/LNCO.
GAAP is generally accepted accounting principles. So having a company restate GAAP cash flows will make it restate cash flows so that it meets generally accepted accounting principles. Non-GAAP cash flows means that the cash flows do not correspond to generally accepted accounting principles. So if the SEC does what JPM and Wells Fargo says they are going to do and make Line restate its non-GAAP discretionary cash flow numbers, what does it make the non-GAAP numbers correspond to? By it's very definition its discretionary cash flows does not correspond with generally accepted accounting principles.
Will move to dump LNCO on the first dead cat bounce.
arthur_bishop1972, contributorComments (4301) | + Follow Following - Unfollow
GAAP is about what you have to tell investors. Non-GAAP is what you want to tell investors. How can the SEC force LINN to not say what non-GAAP is all about? We still have free speech in this country.
Hedgeye analyst's response to Cooperman's statement:
I have to scratch my head over Bary and Hedgeye. They sound like smart guys, and they state they think LINE's GAAP financials are accurate, for the most part, no material disagreements it doesn't appear on that point.
It doesn't in the referenced article. Copy and paste must be hard for certain people. A ton of auditors have looked at this including Berry, so hard to see why this is still an issue except to the shorts. The ex date is I think this Friday for the first monthly divi from LINE and LNCO, so the shorts are really pulling out the stops.
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Movies in a Minute: Last Vegas
A longtime group of four friends get back together as one of them, at the age of 70, is getting married.
The guys decide that they are still young at heart and head to Las Vegas for a bachelor party.
"The Geritol Hangover," as I like to call this movie, wasn't too bad. It's exactly what you think it would be when a group of old men trying to live up their younger days in the streets of Vegas.
If you're looking for a movie where you don't have to think much and just eat popcorn, this is it. It wasn't great, but it wasn't terrible either.
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Don't send the QSL to W1YDO or EA6UN, they are not my QSL's manager, as said in some QSL manager's list.
I QSL 100% all that I receive (direct or bureau). I update 2 or 3 times a year LoTW and eQSL.
If your choice is to send the QSL direct, please include a SAE and enough return postage: 2$, IRC, stamps or equivalent money for other countries). I collect old banknotes and saved stamps, so I would greatly appreciate If you can include some for my collection into the envelope.
Also, you can use the applet above to request your QSL, (direct or bureau).
To US stations: Please, make sure to put the county in the QSL. It's important for me.
** January 1st, 2014 **
PSE, use a #9 envelope for SASE. The #10 envelope is oversized and the return postage is more expensive (€1,80 = $2,50). Max. dimension are 120 x 235 mm.
** References for Spanish Awards **
TPEA: IB - DME: 07052 (Sant Lluis) - DIE: E-022
I manage the stations: EA6LH, EA6TS and EH6TS, only direct not via bureau. Also I manage EH6R from WPX Contest SSB 2008
Greetings from Menorca Is. 73's, Tano
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Atelier Ayesha: The Alchemist of the Ground of Dusk will be out in Japan on June 28th. No word yet on a release elsewhere.
Tales from the Borderlands July 31 • 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
Sword Coast Legends Aug 7 • 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
Breath of Fire IV Continues! Every Monday • 5:00pm PDT/8:00pm EDT
Star Wars: KotOR Continues! Coming soon...


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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
Get bzzz-y and use your thumb and fingers to make some buzzy bumblebees. You can add stripes to your bumblebee. Draw their legs and antennae using a thin ...
Dab the pad of your thumb into a yellow blob of paint. Press your thumb onto the paper. Repeat until you get the number of bees you want.
Dan the tip of your baby finger near the end of a bumblebee to make its head. Repeat for all your bees.
Dan the tip of another clean finger into another blob of paint. That would be the wings of your bee. Give each bee two wings. Repeat for all ...
DIY Paper Cut Wall Artby Muhaiminah Faiz
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How to Create Digital Art Photography 6by jakecreates
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1099 Reporting Shifts to Banks for Credit Card Transactions
April 26, 2011
In order to avoid double reporting, institutions will no longer need to file Forms 1099 on purchases made using credit cards or procurement cards.
In final rules implementing the new Form 1099-K, the Internal Revenue Service clarifies that Form 1099-MISC reporting of payment card purchases of goods and services, beginning for tax year 2011, will now be reported by the bank (VISA, AMEX, etc.) rather than by the institution-cardholder. This is a welcome relief for institutions currently reporting on p-card transactions.
Section 6050W governing payment cards and third party network transactions, requires the financial institutions that make payments in settlement of payment card transactions to begin 1099-K reporting for the tax year starting January 1, 2011.
Mary Bachinger
Director, Tax Policy
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: Life
Left-hand/right-hand dominant
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Rain Man
Bringing the posts every day.
Join Date: Jul 2001
Location: Mortal plane
Casino cash: $43038
I'm not ambidextrous, but I use both hands equally. Tasks involving fine motor skills are done with my left hand, and tasks involving power are done with my right hand.
So I write lefty and can barely hold a pen righty. Tooth brush lefty, hold a fork lefty, etc.
I throw righty and throw like a girl lefty. Kick righty, open jars righty, etc.
However, for reasons I can't explain, I carry things in my left hand. If you give me three books, I cannot grip them at all with my right hand. I have to carry them lefty, even though my pattern indicates that it should be righty.
My past posts echo through the hallowed halls of Chiefsplanet.
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Detroit, MI - "house" search results
About House
A lot of people who may be moving from place to place may end up needing a good local Household Goods & Furniture Storage option. The Household Goods & Furniture Storage option can take stress off of the moving process. You already have to buy a house which you may or may not be able to afford and you certainly don't want to have to worry about all of the headaches that can come with the moving process if you can help it. You may need a good storage unit to put items like couches in. There are plenty of people who struggle to find room in their new local homes for things like couches until they get absolutely use to their new local situation. This is why the household storage unit can play such a big and vital role. If you are moving across the country, you wouldnt have to depend upon family and friends as much if you happen to have a good storage unit. If you run into a good local storage company, which you surely will, you should not hesitate to tell your friends about it. Many of your friends may be looking for a good local storage unit for one reason or another as well. They may want to put their important tables away for a season or two. This can be an important process if they have no reason to otherwise get them out.
Lighthouse Liquors
13651 W 9 Mile Rd, Oak Park, MI 48237(248) 544-0375 Write a review
Of Yoga House
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House Detective the
1591 Edgewood Blvd, Berkley, MI 48072(248) 546-8436 Write a review
Ponderosa Steak House
15640 W 11 Mile Rd, Southfield, MI 48076(248) 557-3237 Write a review
Menorah House Medilodge
26715 Greenfield Rd, Southfield, MI 48076(248) 557-0050 Write a review
Veroinica's Playhouse
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Lighthouse Liquor Inc
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22755 Greenfield Rd, Southfield, MI 48075(248) 569-8888 Write a review
Charter House Apartments
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More on Household Goods - Furniture Storage
You want to be able to find a situation where you can put things in storage for winter as well. We may not just be talking about the traditional house chair, but also the lawn chair. People typically only want those out for the summer months so the concept of leaving them out during the winter is something that can be corrected by having a good local storage unit in your area. You can also store lighting fixtures in a household goods storage unit if you happen to strike a good with the owner of the local storage unit. Many people may not have a local storage unit in their area where they can put things, this is why it may be a good idea to start such a operation. Many people want their lawn chairs to be taken care of as well, we are not just talking about you that would need such a service. There are a lot of people who need the service, but simply may not know where to go for the service on a local basis. You can end up learning a lot about yourself while putting things in storage. You can see a lot of local memories when you are putting things in storage if you happen to be looking hard enough.


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A Name for the Walgreens strategy?Suggestions welcome.1) Jihad2) Kamikaze strike
Re-wire willy nilly.Hit-or-miss case study.Gorilla Stomp.Too lame to fail.McNallys Folly.
This ones for big.yankOne Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest!!
Wasn't Hari-kari, from deerfield?
Too bad the poor soul passed away before Theo Epstein came to town. Look for the Cubs to make a huge turnaround next year.Yank
How about "suicide"?Bwahahahahahahahahahahaha.Yank


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I know this isn
I know this isn
The Ferretti 550 is the company's first model below 60 feet LOA in six years. We paid a visit to Italy to see what the company did to set this new model apart. See for yourself here. ▶
Brokerage Listings Powered by BoatQuest.com


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- May 16th, 2005
Structure of ABAP/4 program is ,
1. Declaration
2. Dialog Module
3. Event Block
4. Procedure
What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?
Answer posted by Noor on 2005-05-16 03:29:37: Structure of ABAP/4 program is ,
1. Declaration
2. Dialog Module
3. Event Block
4. Procedure
Showing Answers 1 - 5 of 5 Answers
- Apr 26th, 2006
Header , Body and Footer.
- Oct 3rd, 2006
top of page
end of page
- Aug 12th, 2011
at selection-screen
start of selection
end of selection
top of page
end of page
at line section
at pf
at user command
- Oct 13th, 2011
At Selection screen
Start of selection
end of selection
end of page
top of page
at line selection
at user command
at pf
at end
at first
at last
- SQL query to convert single row from multiple tables into single row in a table
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What speaks 14 languages and always has the scoop on what's happening in San Francisco? The answer is San Francisco's Visitor Information Center (ViC). The Hallidie Plaza location has been in operation for more than 30 years and offers interactive touch screens and free WiFi service.
To reach a San Francisco expert for trip planning advice, you can contact us during business hours by phone or email.
Visit us during your trip to San Francisco at either of our two locations:
Visitor information Center at Hallidie Plaza at Market and Powell
900 Market St.
May through October
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (Monday through Friday)
9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. (Weekends and Holidays)
November through April
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (Monday through Friday)
9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. (Saturday)
Closed Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and New Year's Day.
Visitor information Center at Macy's Union Square
170 O'Farrell St
Lower Level, Cellar of the Macy's Union Square store, adjacent to the USPS office
10:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. (Monday through Saturday)
11:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. (Sunday)
Expanded hours seasonally and on certain sale days. Center hours are the same as posted store hours.
Check us out on TripAdivsor
Services and Merchandise
Order a visitors guide to help plan your trip to San Francisco.
Purchase or redeem CityPASS vouchers directly from our Visitor Information Center. Get ahead of the game and purchase your CityPASS prior to your arrival in San Francisco and save 49% on San Francisco's greatest attractions.
Transportation passes including Muni Passports are available at the Visitor Information Center.
For attractions, tours, hotel and car reservations please call toll free 1 (800) 637-5196 or visit our home page to purchase online.
In partnership with SFMade and select group of certified local manufacturers, San Francisco Travel Association presents a line of products that are as unique and interesting as the city itself, hand-selected for the visitors that love the city as much as we do.
San Francisco Volunteer Ambassador
Looking to share your knowledge of San Francisco with others? Love helping others have a wonderful experience? Volunteering at the San Francisco Travel Visitor Information Center may be just what you're looking for. View more information including benefits and volunteer opportunities here.
Bay Area Visitor Bureaus and Visitor Information Centers
- Calaveras Visitors Bureau
- California's Redwood Coast
- Carmel Chamber of Commerce & Visitor Center
- Chinese Chamber of Commerce
- Fisherman's Wharf Community Benefit District
- Fisherman's Wharf Merchants Association
- Golden Gate Business Association
- Golden Gate Restaurant Association
- Haight-Ashbury Merchants Association
- Half Moon Bay Hotel BID
- Hotel Council of San Francisco
- Japantown Merchants Association of San Francisco
- Marin Convention & Visitors Bureau
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- Merchants of Upper Market & Castro (MUMC)
- Mission Merchants Association
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- Napa Valley Vintners
- Napa Valley Welcome Center
- North Beach Business Association
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- Team San Jose
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- Union Square Business Improvement District
- Union Street Association, Inc.
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- Visit Berkeley
- Visit Mendocino County, Inc.
- Visit Napa Valley
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- Yerba Buena Alliance
- Yerba Buena Community Benefit District
- Yolo County Visitors Bureau
- Yosemite/Mariposa County Tourism Bureau
- Yountville Chamber of Commerce


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|DO NOT REPLY [Bug 12667] - MultiSearcher does not work with MultiTermQuery or PrefixQuery
|Tue, 17 Sep 2002 23:12:16 GMT
DO NOT REPLY TO THIS EMAIL, BUT PLEASE POST YOUR BUG RELATED COMMENTS THROUGH THE WEB INTERFACE AVAILABLE AT <http://nagoya.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12667>. ANY REPLY MADE TO THIS MESSAGE WILL NOT BE COLLECTED AND INSERTED IN THE BUG DATABASE. http://nagoya.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12667 MultiSearcher does not work with MultiTermQuery or PrefixQuery ------- Additional Comments From email@example.com 2002-09-17 23:12 ------- It seems that Queries are reset using the "prepare()" method on a Query. However the MultiTermQuery does not do this correctly. Its caches in the private BooleanQuery query; member item the results of the terms generated from the index. This value is never cleared in the prepare() method - hence further indexes are ignored. You cannot create a prepare() method in MultiTermQuery since its subclasses override the method and provide there own implementation. The solution I propose is to change setEnum in MultiTermQuery as follows:- /** Set the TermEnum to be used */ protected void setEnum(FilteredTermEnum enum) { this.enum = enum; this.query = null; } This will clear the cache query out on each reset. I have tested this patch and it correctly produces the search results when using multiple indexes. -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com> For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:email@example.com>
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"Take a moment to think about how you learned to write. What steps did you go through? What was your process?
Most of us learned the same core set of skills on paper: organize, draft, edit, revise, turn in. Our teachers then marked up what we had handwritten or typed, and returned our writing. From there, maybe it ended up tacked to a bulletin board, stuck on the refrigerator door, stuffed into a notebook, or tossed in the nearest trash can. Let's call this Writing 1.0.
When computers entered into the equation, we digitized the process. Instead of organizing and outlining on paper, we incorporated graphic organizer tools such as Inspiration or MindMeister. Students and teachers began to draft digitally with word processing programs, and it became possible to offer feedback by inserting comments or typing directly into the document. Not only did these augmentations add efficiency to the process, but they also allowed for completed works to be published to the web. With Writing 2.0, the process became public."


text:
50 shades of grey – this is what I think about this
The novel 50 shades of grey have given rise to several debates with regard to its content, and its connection to the part of women. Let me try and review the book for you.
50 shades of grey a book by EL James marks Anastasia Steele falling in love with Christian Grey, a concerned youthful billionaire who loves sex that too if it can be accompanied with rather reserved, conventionalized physical penalty. The story accounts are very loose – doubtful conversation; crippled characterization; irksome tics etc. So start read PDF books like that! More about this below.
The book if taken under usual circumstances, it would be lethargic, however here, it is further like stenography. James writes the novel as if she is getting very late for a sex scene meeting. Here, she voices in a fair and unusual: careful, creative, fundamental and infringed. In the book Grey has interest only in a prevailing or passive relationship where as Steele merely desires for a usual boyfriend.
Jilly Cooper has a very little light spanking, and the relation genus would have been a lot of pages fainter if by means of a scarf no one ever was tied to a bed; however this is in an unusual association. Its reputation is surprising to publishers, who had a notion that they were aware of the wants of women. It ought to be a spot when one is married to a person for almost 20 years and all of a sudden they find out that they love fisting. The public who always try and trace every new movement back to innovative know-how explain that women who do not die reading gossip on the tube would well read it on their Amazon Kindle, and I feel that this has initiated an entire sales world. Also you can read 50 shades of grey in pdf version in this type of book in 2 free download options.
The unanticipated component is that the humiliation of erotic narrative is for the most part in the mind's eye, and as soon as people read it, they were delighted to talk about it in public and that too with full freedom. The book instantly became the best seller merely and spread by word of mouth. This has now launched the novel edition on the rear of the eBook. But where to buy pdf book similar to fifty shades I don't have any idea.
Reflect on, moreover, the way rich culture as well as low culture has clashed. It has from a long time been accepted that one can read the Financial Times in addition to also observe the Eurovision Song game, read Philip Roth and Marian Keyes. Since erotica is forte to begin with, this upheaval took more time to achieve it, and just now we have being able to loosen up fairly. By this arithmetic, Fifty Shades is merely Mills & Boon for the age group that once had been humiliated to even be seen with a Mills & Boon.
The cause sex views are so tricky to write is the device change, instead of sex itself. It is very hard to write a usual story merged with sex, in the same way like telling a tale intermingled with open sexual feature.…


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Joe Wilson exhibition Caha at the Catherine Hammond Gallery, Skibbereen
ONE of Europe's last remaining natural wilderness areas, the Caha mountains on the Beara peninsula, are rugged and remote. They are at once elemental and shamelessly romantic. Characterised by terraced, deep pleats and folds of old red sandstone, these are challenging mountains to climb.


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Live Prices Not Available
To show you the most accurate prices, TTPM only displays our pricing tool on products which we've reviewed in the past three years.
Parents may have grown up playing with bags full of miniature green army men, and now their kids can play with a new twist on those classic figures. The Original AJ's Toy Boarders are inspired by the classic, green army men as miniature green figures of skateboarders in various stunt positions. Each pack comes with 24 figures, and there are eight different skating poses: pushing, nose grab, smith, cruising 1, cruising 2, manual, tail grab, and ollie.
Kids can play in so many ways with The Original AJ's Toy Boarders. These figures offer silly and inexpensive fun. These are ideal for open-ended play.
We can imagine kids playing with these with fingerboards, in various different set-up-and-knock-down scenarios and in all the ways that previous generations would have played with green army men.
The Original AJ's Toy Boarders are for ages 3 and up.
The Original AJ's Toy Boarders are available online at toyboarders.com.
Star Wars Galactic Heroes Poe's X-Wing Fighter
from Hasbro
Call of Duty Collectors Series Arctic Troopers
from MEGA Bloks
Ghostbusters Metals Die Cast Stantz
from Jada Toys
Ghostbusters Metals Die Cast Zeddemore
from Jada Toys
Ghostbusters Metals Die Cast Spengler
from Jada Toys
Ghostbusters Metals Die Cast Venkman
from Jada Toys
WWE Hall of Fame Classic Steel Cage
from Mattel
Barrel Racing with Cowgirl Set
from Schleich
Toy Story Talking Woody
from Mattel
Big Fig Halo Master Chief 31 in Figure
from Jakks Pacific


text:
Home :: Wedding Bands :: Gold Wedding Bands :: Hand Braided Gold Bands :: White Gold
Designer Wedding Band
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Men's Wedding Band!!
We were thrilled when we received the ring with such prompt service! I was very impressed on how we were kept informed on the status of the ring and look...
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Gold Wedding Band TT-1154
Hello I am just sending an email THANKING YOU for my order I just received it today and am VERY EXCITED I will be using you for future orders. I am...
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Hello, first of all, great plugin!!
Hello, I don't well understand how capabilities work. I want to give a new rol I've created access to a specific plugin (Live Chat). The idea is that user can only acces to this particular plugin. What is the procedure to do this please?
Thanks a lot!


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Visit our other Wisconsin Historical Society websites!
Refine or narrow your results by clicking any term in the gray boxes below.
Expand your results by removing any breadcrumb in a gray outlined box above. Click on the blue "X" to remove the term.
Narrow your results by entering a keyword into the search box above. Then click the "Search Within" checkbox, then click on the orange "Search" button.
If you did not find what you are looking for or you did not get any results, try changing your search term(s). See our Search Help page for more tips.
Date: 1970
Description: "Groundbreaking ceremony at St. Peter's Lutheran Church for parish hall & school rooms. Left to right: Dennis Schuster, Wayne Giese, Ronald Bernard, Marvi...
Date: 1956
Description: "A time exposure recorded car head and tail lights."
Description: "Pastor Hahn takes a turn with the shovel at the groundbreaking at St. Peter's Lutheran Church."
Date: 1973-01
Description: "Main Street on a cold winter night."
Date: 1978-02-08
Description: "St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church. On the first day of Lent, Pastor Paul Kante preaches to his congregation."
Date: 1996
Description: Replica of Solomon Juneau's house in Theresa Parade. Juneau is credited with founding the town.
Date: 1990-03
Description: "A huge build-up of foam occurred below the dam on the Rock River."
Date: 1955
Description: "Cows graze on the William Engman farm south of Theresa. The new water tower, at right, is being constructed."
Date: 1978-02
Description: "Brenda Widmer teaches her beginning Sunday School pupils at St. Peter's Church. They are: l-r. Kim Neitzel, Kim Krueger, Jimmy Wendling, Brenda Bernhard,...
Date: 1997-09-22
Description: "Looking north along this section of track, one can see the overturned car's wheels, and debris after the derailment. The visible bend in the tracks was ca...
Date: 1984-05
Description: "MPTI instructors from Fond du Lac instructed over 200 firemen from 16 fire departments in the techniques of rappelling and snuffing out fires at Theresa F...
Date: 1966
Description: "American Legion Post 270 celebrates Memorial Day."
Date: date unknown
Description: View of a residential district.
Date: 1958
Description: "A sled was used to convey the milk cans. Shown are Ralph Widmer, Bill Breitag, and Ken Reimer."
Date: 1987-11
Description: "A workman was photographed as final touches were being completed on the reshingled roof of the Solomon Juneau Home."
Date: 1984-10
Description: "This is Kristi Neitzel's Sunday School class at St. Peter's Church."
Description: View of an adult bird (Robin) feeding its young in a nest atop an outdoor lighting fixture.
Date: 1978-02-16
Description: "Carrying the casket from Zion, the small country church."
Date: 1990-07
Description: Pastor Aderman prepares for communion at St. Peters Lutheran Church in Theresa.
Description: "Solomon Juneau House."
If you didn't find the material you searched for, our Library Reference Staff can help.
Call our reference desk at 608-264-6535 or email us at:
© 1996-2016 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 31, 2000
|Filing date
|Sep 29, 1998
|Priority date
|Sep 29, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael Wayne Adams, Stephen Hong-Wei Wu
|Original Assignee
|Eastman Chemical Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (38), Classifications (19), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to the field of enteric coating polymers. The present invention more particularly relates to the field of aqueous compositions of enteric coating polymers.
It is frequently desirable to coat oral pharmaceutical tablet cores with an enteric coating. An enteric coating resists dissolution in acidic gastric media, but dissolves in the alkaline intestinal environment. Enteric coatings are useful for protecting the stomach wall from the effect of active ingredients in dosage form. For example, if aspirin is directly exposed to gastric mucosa, it can cause corrosion of the stomach wall. Enteric coatings are also used to protect active ingredients in the tablet core from chemical attack from stomach acids and digestive enzymes. Enteric coatings can also be used to promote the delivery of active ingredients in the core tablet to a particular region of the intestine such as the upper part of the small intestine, in order to enhance the bioavailability of the active ingredient.
Polymers useful as enteric coatings contain ionizable carboxylic groups and include cellulose acetate phthalates(C-A-P), cellulose acetate trimellitates(C-A-T), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalates(HPMCP), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), and certain acrylic polymers. In the low pH stomach environment, the carboxylic acid groups in the polymers remain un-ionized. Therefore, the polymeric coating remains insoluble in gastric fluid. The polymeric coating disintegrates or dissolves in the higher pH intestinal environment to allow dissolution of the tablet core in the small intestine. The active ingredients are absorbed through the intestinal wall for delivery to the blood stream.
Originally these polymers were applied to tablets as solutions in various organic solvents since the polymers are soluble in organic solvents. The use of organic solvents, however, is objectionable from environmental, physiological, and safety standpoints, as well as for economic reasons.
The use of organic solvents has been avoided by applying the polymers as aqueous solutions or dispersions of their water-soluble salts. The enteric polymers are water-solubilized with a water soluble base through neutralization of a sufficient number of carboxyl groups so that the polymer becomes water soluble or water dispersible. Useful water soluble bases include alkali metal hydroxides and ammonium hydroxide. The water soluble salts of enteric cellulose esters have been found to be somewhat hydrolytically unstable, hydrolyzing slowly upon exposure to atmospheric moisture or gastric juices. A resulting film of partly hydrolyzed polymer is partially insoluble in intestinal fluid, causing the active ingredient to be released too slowly in the intestinal tract.
Parker et al, J. Pharm. Sci. 63, 119-215(1974); Okhamafe & York, Int. J. Pharm. 22 (2-3) (1984), and Okhamafe & York (1984)disclose that the presence of solid filler material in film dispersed from a solution of a water soluble salt of an enteric polymer reduces polymer film hydrolysis.
Parker, et al disclose that the reduction in film hydrolysis is directly related to film thickness. However, a thicker film takes longer to disintegrate in the intestine. Similarly, Porter, Pharm. Tech., March, 1980, pp 67-75, discloses that while low loadings of solid pigment material can somewhat increase film resistance to moisture, higher filler loading levels which would add more water resistance detrimentally affect the mechanical strength of the film. High tensile strength is required for a useful tablet coating. Therefore, the amount of solid filler material used for increasing water resistance is limited by decreased mechanical strength.
In light of the above, it would be desirable to provide an aqueous enteric coating composition containing a water soluble salt of a film-forming enteric polymer wherein the film coating provides a higher water resistance than was previously achievable and maintains good mechanical strength.
The present invention is an aqueous enteric coating composition which comprises a dispersion of about 5 to 45 weight percent of a hydrophobic compound having from about 12 to 20 aliphatic carbon atoms and about 5 to 50 weight percent of a water-insoluble flake material, dispersed in an aqueous solution of about 35 to 70 weight percent of a water-soluble salt of an enteric polymer, with the weight percentages being based on a total solids weight.
FIG. 1 is a triangular coordinate graph illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention wherein the composition contains HPMCP, stearyl alcohol, and talc. The apex of the graph represents 100 weight percent HPMCP enteric polymer. The lower right corner of the graph represents 100 weight percent talc. The lower left hand corner represents 100 weight percent stearyl alcohol. Compositions containing various concentrations of those three components are represented graphically by the numerals 1-7 and correspond to coating compositions illustrated in Table 1.
The applicants discovered that, while maintaining good mechanical strength, the water and acid resistance of an enteric polymer film coating is increased beyond that which was previously achievable via solids loading by way of loading an aqueous solution of enteric polymer salt with a dispersion of a particular concentration of solid flake filler material and a hydrophobic compound containing aliphatic carbon atoms. Enteric coating compositions have not previously been loaded with a combination of solid flake material and hydrophobic aliphatic compound.
It was found that the present combination of flake material and hydrophobic aliphatic compound, within a particular concentration range, adds a "shingle effect" to the enteric coating. This shingle effect is evidenced by the fact that the moisture resistance provided is equivalent to that which would be provided by a coating containing a much higher percentage of solid filler. Since mechanical strength decreases with an increased concentration of solid filler, the present invention is beneficial in providing an increased water resistance without decreasing the mechanical strength of the coating. Additionally, the water resistant composition of the present invention can usefully be applied to a tablet as a relatively thin coat for the purpose of quick intestinal disintegration.
The aqueous enteric coating composition of the present invention comprises an aqueous dispersion of about 5 to 45 weight percent of a hydrophobic compound having between 12 to 20 aliphatic carbons and about 5 to 50 weight percent of a water-insoluble flake, dispersed in an aqueous solution comprising about 35 to 70 weight percent of a water soluble salt of an enteric polymer which dissolves only at a pH above about 5.0. The above listed weight percentages are based on the total weight of solids in the composition. The composition preferably contains a sufficient amount of water to provide a total solids content between about 5 to 20 weight percent, preferably between about 10 to 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
The present composition comprises about 35 to 70 weight percent enteric polymer salt. The presence of more than about 70 weight percent polymer salt would provide a coating with insufficient resistance to water permeation in a gastric environment. But at least 35 weight percent enteric polymer is needed in order for a sufficient protective film to be formed around the tablet core and to hold the flake material and hydrophobic compound onto the core. The preferred concentration range of the soluble enteric polymer salt is about 40 to 55 weight percent.
An "enteric polymer" is herein defined as a polymer having a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 50,000 to 150,000, and containing carboxyl groups which remain insoluble at a pH below about 4 (gastric pH range), but which ionize, and thus cause the polymer to dissolve, at a pH above about 5.0 (intestinal pH range). The enteric polymer used in the present composition is preferably a film-forming polymer. The most useful film-forming enteric polymers are cellulose acetate phthalate (C-A-P), cellulose acetate trimellitate (C-A-T), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP). The preferred Mw for HPMCP is between about 80,000 and 110,000, most preferably between 95,000 and 100,000. The preferred Mw for C-A-P is between about 55,000 and 75,000, with a Mw between 68,000 and 80,000 being more preferred.
A concentration of about 5 to 45 weight percent of a hydrophobic compound is dispersed throughout the present aqueous composition. The hydrophobic compound is a compound having 12 to 20 aliphatic carbon atoms. This hydrophobic component chemically repels aqueous, acidic medium away from the enteric polymer. At least 5 weight percent is needed to provide the shingle effect. The presence of more than 45 weight percent hydrophobic aliphatic compound causes agglomeration in the coating process. A concentration of about 20 to 35 weight percent hydrophobic compound is preferable.
The hydrophobic compound used may be any linear or branched chain compound having less than 1 percent solubility in water, a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value less than about 6, and which does not interfere chemically with the other components of the composition. The hydrophobic compound may contain non-aliphatic groups. Examples of such useful C12 to C20 hydrophobic compounds include alcohols, fatty acids and salts thereof, fatty amides and salts thereof, and lipids. A C12 to C20 alcohol is preferred, with stearyl alcohol being most preferred because of it's low toxicity.
The insoluble solid flake material dispersed throughout the aqueous composition of the present invention is present at a concentration of about 5 to 50 weight percent. More than about 50 weight percent solid flake material reduces the mechanical strength too much. A concentration of about 25 to 40 weight percent flake material is preferred.
The flake material (sheet-like) is water-insoluble, preferably an inorganic mineral. The more preferred flake material is one of the inert hydrous magnesium silicate materials referred to commonly as "talc" or pyrophyllite, which is essentially aluminum silicate having similar crystal structure and other properties to the talc materials. Other inert, powders whose crystals have a sheet-like or flake structure include materials such as aluminum flake, TiO2 flakes, and silicate flakes.
It is a critical aspect of the present invention that the solid filler material has a flake or sheet-like shape. The shingle effect is most enhanced when the solid filler material is a flake material.
The average particle size of the flake material is preferably less than about 50 micrometers, with the average particle size being measured in equivalent circular diameters. It was a surprising aspect of the present invention to find that the water permeation barrier is further improved as the particle size of the solid flake material is decreased, using the same concentration of flake material. The preferred particle size of the flake material is less than about 10 micrometers, with a size less than about 1 micrometer (1,000 nanometers) being more preferable.
An exemplary embodiment of the preferred composition of the present invention is an approximately 10 percent solids content aqueous composition containing about 40 to 55 weight percent ammoniated HPMCP, with about 20 to 35 weight percent stearyl alcohol and about 25 to 40 weight percent talc dispersed therein, based on the total weight of solids. This particular composition is shown graphically by the smaller, triangular area indicated within FIG. 1.
Besides the insoluble flake material and hydrophobic compound of the present composition, the composition may also contain additive materials within the size range of about 0.1 to 100 micrometers. Additives used should be relatively hydrophobic. Plasticizers are especially useful for forming a flexible soft coating. Examples of suitable plasticizers include triacetin, diethyl phthalate (DEP), triethyl citrate (TEC), and dibutyl sebacate (DBS). Solid pigments may also be used. The weight percent of such additives should be less than about 15 weight percent, more preferably less than about 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of solids in the composition.
The present invention further includes a process of making an aqueous enteric coating composition comprising reacting about 35 to 70 weight percent of a enteric polymer with a solubilizing amount of a water-soluble base to provide an aqueous solution or dispersion of a salt of the enteric polymer and, dispersing about 5 to 45 weight percent of a hydrophobic compound having from about 12 to 20 aliphatic carbon atoms and about 5 to 50 weight percent of a water insoluble flake material in the aqueous polymer solution. The present process is preferably conducted under conditions providing a total solids content of about 5 to 20 weight percent solids. The water-insoluble components are preferably dispersed throughout the solution through high shear mixing using a homogenizer or a colloid mill.
The enteric polymer salt of the aqueous coating composition is preferably formed in situ by adding the non-ionized enteric polymer and a water-soluble base to the aqueous solution separately for reaction. Suitable water-soluble bases for neutralization of the polymer include NH4 + OH-, and alkali metal hydroxides, with ammonium hydroxide being the preferred neutralizing agent.
The aqueous enteric coating solution of the present invention is applied to a core substrate by any traditional coating means such as by spray coating. Suitable core substrates to which the aqueous enteric coating solution of the present invention can be applied includes pharmaceutically active tablets, pellets, granules, and beads. A coating weighing about 5 to 15 weight percent of the total coated core is preferable so that the core is fully coated, yet the coating is thin enough so that it dissolves quickly in the intestines. In order to protect the tablet cores from reacting with the basic coating solution, it is often preferable to apply a subcoat of polymer prior to applying the basic aqueous enteric coating solution of the present invention. For example, a polymer subcoat film weighing about 2 percent of the core table weight is useful.
In order for the polymer to demonstrate enteric properties in the gastric and intestinal media, a sufficient amount of ionized carboxyl salt groups must be converted back to the non-ionized free acid form. This can be done via different routes, depending on the exact polymer salt used. Heat may be applied to the coated tablets to convert the carboxylic acid groups into the free acid form upon evaporation of ammonia or water. Alternatively, the polymer carboxylic acid groups of the coated tablets can be reprotonated by treatment with an acid during production or by the gastric acid upon entry into the stomach environment.
The present invention further includes the enteric coating formed from the composition of the present invention. The coating of the present invention is preferably a film coating formed from a film-forming enteric polymer. The present coating dissolves only at a pH above about 5.0. The coating of the present invention may contain enteric polymer in the ionized salt form, enteric polymer in the protonated non-ionized enteric polymer form, or a combination thereof. The coating is formed upon evaporation of the water and other volatiles of the present aqueous composition. The components of the coating should be dispersed evenly throughout the coating in order to provide the maximum benefit.
The present invention further includes an enterically active dosage form, meaning that the active ingredient is released according to an enteric profile. The active dosage form of the present invention is a pharmaceutically active core enveloped by the enteric coating of the present invention. The core will typically contain an active ingredient and various excipients. Examples of useful pharmaceutically active ingredients for use in the present invention include aspirin, ibuprofen, ivermectin, acetaminophen, naproxen sodium, indomethacin, theophylline, propanolol, sucrose, erythromycin, pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac sodium, and the like. It is necessary that the tablet core is hard enough to resist attack by the coating solution and that it does not react with the components of the coating. Application of a sub-coating between the core and the enteric coating is useful in some situations so that the core does not react with the coating. The enterically active solid dosage form of the present invention preferably has a coating weighing between about 5 to 15 weight percent of the total coated dosage form so that the active core is adequately protected from water permeation, yet the active ingredient is released quickly enough in the intestines
The following examples further illustrate the present invention, but should not be interpreted as a limitation thereon.
The materials and testing procedures used for the results shown herein are as follows:
Storage Stability Test
Accelerated storage stability evaluations were performed by placing the coated tablets in high density polyethylene bottles that contained a desiccant cartridge and were fitted with a tamper-proof seal. The bottles were placed in a glass desiccator over saturated sodium chloride solution. The desiccator and contents were stored in a 37� C. oven. The desiccator interior relative humidity was equilibrated at 75%.
Simulated Gastric Fluid Uptake Test
This evaluation was carried out as described in U.S. Pharmacopoeia XXII, pages 1784-1785 (1990). A total of 12 tablets were weighed and placed in a disintegration basket (Hanson Research Co.) and immersed in a pH 1.2 United States Pharmacopoeia simulated gastric fluid ("SGF") for 60 minutes. The tablets were then removed, surface dried, and weighed. The SGF uptake was calculated from the difference between the initial and final weight of the tablets divided by the initial weight.
Disintegration Time in Simulated Intestinal Fluid Test-After conducting the Simulated Gastric Fluid Uptake Test, the tablets were replaced in the baskets and immersed in USP simulated intestinal fluid of pH 6.8. The time to achieve disintegration of all twelve core tablets was recorded. All parts and percentages in the examples were calculated on a weight basis unless otherwise stated.
To prepare the coatings for Examples 1-7, a stock coating solution was first prepared. To prepare the stock solution, HPMCP (polystyrene equivalent Mw 96,000) was added to water and mixed with a laboratory stirrer. Triacetin plasticizer was then added and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. Then, a fully neutralizing amount of ammonium hydroxide (approximately 28%, aqueous) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The resulting stock solution contained 25 weight percent plasticizer (triacetin) and 12.4 weight percent ammonium hydroxide, based upon polymer weight.
Talc and stearyl alcohol were added to the stock coating solution to prepare Examples 1-7. Talc (3MgO�4SiO2 �H2 O) having average particle size of about 40 to 50 micrometers was added to the stock solution and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. Then a solution of stearyl alcohol in warm isopropyl alcohol was added with stirring. The mixture was passed through a colloid mill (Greerco, Model W200V). Each of the individual coating compositions prepared from the stock coating solution contained 13.8 weight percent solids.
500 gram tablet cores (7.3 weight percent diclofenac sodium, 92.7 weight percent excipients (59.7 wt % lactose, 24.8 wt % microcrystalline cellulose, and 8.2 wt % lubricants and other disintegrants) were sub-coated with a 13 weight percent solution of HPMCP in water to a level of 2 percent of the core tablet weight prior to application of the enteric coating, in order to protect the tablet cores from the basic coating solution. After the subcoat was allowed to dry, the aqueous enteric coating compositions prepared above were applied. Each aqueous coating composition prepared was applied in two different thicknesses, providing coatings weighing approximately 6 percent and 11 percent, based on the total weight of the coated tablet. Both the subcoat and the enteric coatings were applied by means of a fluid bed coater (STREA-1, manufactured by Niro-Aromatic, Inc., Columbia, Md.). The coating conditions were as follows:
______________________________________ SUBCOAT ENTERIC______________________________________Container Charge 400 g 400 gAtomizer Pressure 2.0 bar 3 barInlet Temp 70� C. 60� C.Outlet Temp 47� C. 42� C.Spray Rate 14 mL/min 15 mL/minSpray Time 4.3 min 11 min for 6% coat 22 min for 11% coat______________________________________
The Storage Stability Test was conducted on the tablets coated as described above. All of the coated tablets passed the disintegration test in simulated intestinal fluid after 3 months of storage under the accelerated storage conditions. This shows that the coatings formed from the aqueous composition of the present invention were stable under heat and humidity.
The coated tablets were tested to determine the effectiveness of films formed from the different aqueous enteric coating compositions. The effectiveness of the coating in protecting the active pharmaceutical from the action of simulated gastric fluid was determined by the Simulated Gastric Fluid Uptake Test. The effectiveness of the coating in allowing ready disintegration of the active pharmaceutical in simulated intestinal fluid was determined by conducting the Dissolution Test in Simulated Intestinal Fluid. The results of these tests are shown illustrated Table 1.
The test results in Table 1 show, at two different coating thickness levels, the number of tablet coatings (18 tablet samples were tested for each example) that completely failed in Simulated Gastric Fluid. "Failure" means that the coating broke away from the tablet so that the tablet was not protected. Failure is due to low mechanical strength. A failure of more than 3 out of 18 was considered to be unacceptable. The % SGF Uptake results show the weight percent of simulated gastric fluid absorbed by the coated tablets. The higher SGF uptake causes the tablet to loose efficacy. About 10 weight percent SGF uptake is acceptable. The intestinal disintegration time after being exposed to gastric fluid is also shown. It is desirable for the intestinal disintegration time to be short.
The results shown in Table 1 indicate the boundaries of the particular useful concentration of polymer, talc, and stearyl alcohol. The results show that both an approximately 6 weight percent coating and an approximately 12 weight percent coating are useful, depending specifically on the coating composition.
The importance of combining talc and stearyl alcohol in the particular concentration ranges of the present invention can be seen by comparing the Examples, as follows:
Examples 1, 1a, 2, 2a, 6, and 6a illustrate coating compositions within the scope of the present invention and provided tablet coatings having few failures in simulated gastric fluid. The gastric uptake in those examples was less than 10%. Example 6 illustrates that the 5.9 weight percent coating did not fully cover the core tablet.
Example 5a illustrates that the lower concentration limit for stearyl alcohol is near 5 weight percent. Since 0 tablets failed in the disintegration test yet the average uptake was 13%, this indicates that the stearyl alcohol concentration was not quite sufficient when combined with 50 weight percent HPMCP and 45 weight percent talc.
Examples 3, 3a, 7, and 7a demonstrate that neither a 25% or 30% enteric polymer concentration is sufficient to hold the talc and stearyl alcohol.
Examples 4 and 4a demonstrate that 75% talc reduced the mechanical strength of the coating, evidenced by the high number of mechanical failures in simulated gastric fluid.
Example 8
In an experiment similar to Examples 1-7, C-A-P was used as the enteric polymer instead of HPMCP, and aspirin was the substrate. A coating which contained 40% of C-A-P, 23% of stearyl alcohol, and 27% of talc exhibited lower SGF uptake (4%) than coatings which contained 48% C-A-P, 12% stearyl alcohol, and 27% talc (7% SGF uptake); 60% C-A-P, 12% stearyl alcohol, and 12% talc (8% SGF uptake); or 50% C-A-P, 23% stearyl alcohol, and 12% talc (6% SGF uptake).
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________RESULTS FROM EXAMPLES 1-7Coating Composition Gastric Stearyl Coating SGF SGF Intestinal HPMCP Alcohol Talc Weight Failure Uptake DisintegrationEx. (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt. %) (#tabs) (wt %) (minutes)__________________________________________________________________________C-1 100 0 0 6.3 18/18 99 2C-2 100 0 0 12.6 18/18 31 21 50 25 25 5.5 3/18 13.0 2.501a 50 25 25 11.54 0/18 7.5 2.752 40 35 35 7.0 3/18 6.0 2.52a 40 35 35 11.4 1/18 6 4.03 25 35 40 6.5 18/18 n/a n/a3a 25 35 40 10.9 6/18 1.71 8.04 25 5 70 6.3 18/18 n/a n/a4a 25 5 70 10.7 18/18 n/a n/a5 50 5 45 5.7 8/18 14.95a 50 5 45 10.5 0/18 13.0 2.56 40 20 40 5.9 10/18 9.9 2.36a 40 20 40 11.1 0/18 7.1 4.07 30 10 60 6.8 18/18 n/a n/a7a 30 10 60 11.2 17/18 n/a n/a__________________________________________________________________________
The data from Table 1 was compiled in a triangular coordinate graph shown in FIG. 1. The data points were used to plot out an area within which the preferred composition concentrations of HPMPC, stearyl alcohol, and talc were outlined. The area mapped out in the triangular coordinate graph corresponds to a preferred composition comprising between about 40 to 55 weight percent HPMCP, between about 20 to 35 weight percent stearyl alcohol, and between about 25 to 40 weight percent talc.
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Owner name: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY, A CORP. OF DELAWARE, TEN
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