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Easily the most beautiful campus in the state of Virginia, and Lynchburg has probably the best sunsets I've ever seen
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there are a lot of places you can go to study or hangout such as the library, computer lab , etc. The events are amazing. I love the concerts and performances there. Some events should be voluntary and not mandatory such as convocation.
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The campus is beautiful, besides all the construction that's always going on, but it's not a problem.
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As an online student I haven't personally experienced much of campus life but I have been pleased with what I have seen when visiting the campus and I have seen a variety of notices about student activities. I haven't had the pleasure of attending the campus library yet but I use the online library frequently and really like it.
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I attend an online university, however, there is access to an online library for research that is very helpful and easy to navigate.
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When I first begun blogging on the Internet I had no clue what blogging was all about. After spending a couple of days I came across blogger and within a few minutes I produced my very first blog post. I'll be lying if I said I remember what that post was about but truth be told it wasn't anything worth remembering. I later came to realize that people were actually making money through blogging and somewhere along the way I decided to use WordPress instead. I am happy to say right now that I have some basic understanding on both these platforms and personal experience has taught me that WordPress is by far the best. Before going any further lets understand these two blogging platforms shall we?
Googles hummingbird update
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Getting back to our topic what exactly is the hummingbird update? This free video explains everything
Using Internet Explorer 8, Here is bad news
Remember when you first used Internet explorer? If you re an Internet explorer die hard lover well here's some really, really bad news… The browser just got taken out, and taken out clean. You read right, Microsoft just confirmed that Internet explorer will no longer be in the lime light because they are introducing a new browser called project Spartan.
Continue reading Using Internet Explorer 8, Here is bad news
What is Duplicate Content?
Have you ever done something original and then you later found out that your hard work was stolen by somebody who literally didn't even deserve it. Well incase you didn't know that is called plagiarism. According to plagiarism.org they define plagiarism in three main areas namely;
What is Fiverr all about?
Beginning your own online business is usually a big challenge especially for those who are totally new to the internet world. The major challenge which many face is the start up costs and we all know what that means. You need to pay for advertising, you need to pay to hire somebody, you need to pay for hosting and other kind of stuff. Believe me, the last thing most newbies want these days is a bill telling them they have to pay a monthly fee of $50, $100 or anything greater.
Setting Goals in 2016
If i were to seat you down and ask this honest question, "what is your aim and desired result in the year 2016?" how would you answer? A lot of people have a series of desires and ambitions maybe including yourself. However, as is often the case very few people tend to achieve them. There could be a lot of reasons behind this development but from what I have heard, sometimes we just don't push hard enough. I ve been privileged to read a few experiences on people who became successful entrepreneurs and from what i read, they have a lot in common. First things first, they don't give up easily and secondly they are prepared to experience failure. You see folks people these days tend to reject failure thinking that they shouldn't have to go through it at all. Well heres the news, failure has its healthy advantages. I always point to the example of the light bulb. The inventor of the light bulb Thomas Edison had failed 1,000 times before actually getting the simple roundish object to finally produce its light. Now you tell me, how many people are prepared to fail that many times before achieving their goals, very few.
how to Review Sites
Owning a website or blog is among the best things for any entrepreneur on the face of this planet. A blog or website does two important things firstly, it enhances your exposure to people across the Globe and secondly, it is a means to generate income. When i first learnt that a blog could actually generate tonnes of money for a person, I grew really excited. However, after a couple of months i soon realized the cold ugly truth, making money online wasn't as easy as they said. Most of the successful blogs are making it big because of their ability to generate tonnes of traffic. This traffic is not only in abundance but it is actually totally free. The story doesn't end there because in order to generate a lot of traffic, the blog has to be seen by Google or other search engines alike. Now thats where the trouble comes in, being seen by Google and other search engines isn't really a challenge, however the big problem is ranking well for specific keywords.
My thoughts on Star Wars 7
Star Wars episode 7 hit the big screens in the month of December, 2015 with a lot of thrill and excitement. I won't say I am a staunch Star Wars fun but I can confidently say i have watched all the episodes from 1 to 7. Ofcourse, you may be asking why we're even featuring this movie on this blog in the first place? Well ever heard of the saying "work and no play makes John a dull boy" relax people lets have some fun!!
A threat to Internet Privacy
Its been quit a while since I posted on this blog and thats because my schedule was rather crazy lately. However, its great to be back. As i was browsing the internet lately, I came across a series of different articles that discussed issues related to internet privacy. All these articles were superbly written because it gave me a whole different perspective on how secure my personal information really was. I bet at some time in life, we all probably thought that our personal information was kept under lock and key and nobody would have the guts nor the skill to hack into our personal accounts. Well the reality is quit different folks.
Using Camtasia Screen Recorder
Whenever am watching a YouTube tutorial, I always ask myself how the authors of a certain video is able to record onscreen whatever it is they are showing to their viewers. Believe it or not, i actually used to think that to make a "how to" tutorial on whatever it is you do on your computer, you needed a Video Camera. However, I soon came to realize that wasn't what the experts were doing, infact they were using powerful software tools that could record onscreen the stuff they were sharing.
I have to tell you something, I am pretty much blank on the many softwares (both free and paid) that have this capability of doing onscreen recording. But just to break the ice a little, have you ever heard of Camtasia Screen Recorder software? If you haven't, no worries i was in the same place once upon a time. Give me a minute to explain this.

subset: commoncrawl


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As a reflection of poor insight, people with schizophrenia often disagree with carers and clinicians about whether (a) their experiences are abnormal, (b) they are mentally ill, and (c) they need treatment.
This study used voxel-based morphometry to identify the associations between total and regional grey matter volumes and self-reported and observer-rated insight in 52 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Thirty healthy participants were also studied.
There were positive associations in patients between (i) the ability to recognise experiences as abnormal and the total and right superior temporal gyrus grey matter volumes, (ii), awareness of problems ('something wrong') and the left precuneus grey matter volume and (iii) awareness of symptoms and attributing them to illness and grey matter volumes in the left superior–middle temporal gyrus and the right inferior temporal and lateral parietal gyri. The 'recognition of the need for medication' dimension did not correlate with total or any regional grey matter volumes. Relative to controls, patients had less total and regional grey matter volumes in the thalamus and middle occipital and superior temporal gyri.
Lower grey matter volumes in the temporal and parietal regions that have been implicated in self-monitoring, working memory and access to internal mental states are associated with poor insight on certain dimensions in psychosis.
People with schizophrenia often disagree with their carers and clinicians about whether (a) their experiences and behaviours are abnormal, (b), they are mentally ill and (c) they are in need of psychiatric treatment (David, 1990). Such disagreements are considered to reflect poor insight on the part of the patient. Apparent similarities between awareness deficits in neurological disorders and poor insight in schizophrenia have led to the suggestion that they have a comparable neurological basis (Amador et al., 1991;McGlynn and Schacter, 1997). Evidence for this suggestion has come primarily from studies showing significant relationships between measures of insight and performance on neuropsychological tests of general as well as specific cognitive domains (review, Cooke et al., 2005) which in turn are associated with the volume (review, Antonova et al., 2004) and functional response of specific brain regions (review, Shad et al., 2007).
The use of modern neuroimaging methods has allowed the neurobiological basis of insight in schizophrenia to be investigated more directly. Early neuroimaging studies of insight, which tended to use global brain measurements, found relationships between poor insight and ventricular enlargement (Takai et al., 1992) and smaller total brain volume (Flashman et al., 2000), although other studies did not replicate these relationships (David et al., 1995; Rossell et al., 2003).
Using more sophisticated methodologies, region of interest (ROI) studies have found a number of associations between frontal brain regions and insight. One study (Laroi et al., 2000) involving 21 patients with schizophrenia linked frontal cortical atrophy to poor insight assessed with the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorders (SUMD, Amador et al., 1993). Another study (Flashman et al., 2001) examined the associations between insight, again assessed with the SUMD, and eight frontal lobe sub-regions [frontal pole, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, gyrus rectus and cingulate] in a group of 15 patients with schizophrenia; the findings revealed large negative associations between awareness of symptoms and bilateral middle frontal gyrus volumes, and between misattribution of symptoms and bilateral superior frontal gyrus volumes. Shad et al. (2004) reported smaller dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) volumes as well as poor performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in first-episode psychosis patients with poor insight (n = 18; assessed with a single question, derived from the insight item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; Hamilton, 1960) relative to those with good insight (n = 17). A recent study by the same group involving 14 antipsychotic naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients, and using the SUMD to measure insight, found associations between smaller right DLPFC volumes and impaired awareness of symptoms but also between larger right medial orbitofrontal volumes and misattribution of symptoms (Shad et al., 2006). More recently, we (Sapara et al., 2007) observed associations between smaller total prefrontal grey matter volumes and lower insight into the presence of illness and symptoms assessed using the Birchwood Insight Scale (Birchwood et al., 1994), and the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight — Expanded (Kemp and David, 1997), in a sample of 28 chronic patients with schizophrenia.
A number of recent studies have employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) (Ashburner and Friston, 2000; Good et al., 2001). For example, Ha and colleagues reported a negative association between insight and grey matter concentrations bilaterally in the (middle) cingulate and temporal regions in 35 paranoid schizophrenia patients (illness duration 0.1 to 15 years) (Ha et al., 2004). However, this study used a unidimensional measure of insight (the G12 item of the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, Kay et al., 1987), so it is not clear which aspects of insight may be related to grey matter volume in the temporal lobe. Bassitt and colleagues failed to find any relationship between insight assessed with the SUMD and regional brain volumes examined with VBM in a sample of 50 chronic patients with schizophrenia (Bassitt et al., 2007).
The present study was designed to examine the associations between regional grey matter volumes and dimensions of insight in schizophrenia assessed with a self-rated (Birchwood Insight Scale, Birchwood et al., 1994) and an observer-rated insight measure (the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight — Expanded, Kemp and David, 1997). A factor analysis was undertaken to combine these measures, and is described in detail elsewhere (Cooke et al., 2007). The four factors derived from this analysis were: Awareness of and Attribution to Illness, Recognition of the Need for Medication, Awareness of Problems, and Symptom Re-labelling (see Methods and materials for greater details). The focus of our study was on investigating associations between total and regional grey matter volumes and insight factors in a stable sample of outpatients as it may be important to distinguish between those individuals who lack insight in the presence of acute psychopathology versus those who have stabilized or remitted and are still lacking in insight.
Based on previous data, we hypothesised that (i) grey matter volume in the frontal, anterior cingulate and temporal lobe regions would be positively associated with one or more insight factor scores, and (ii) grey matter volume in the orbital/medial frontal region would be associated with the Awareness of and Attribution to Illness insight factor. As the specific dimensions of insight under investigation in our study were derived from a factor analysis, we expected them to associate primarily with grey matter volumes in different brain regions.
This was a cross-sectional study and involved 52 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Research Version; SCID-P, Spitzer et al., 1994). The patients included in this investigation were drawn from the larger sample of patients (n = 65) described in detail in a recent paper (Cooke et al., 2007). Thirty healthy participants recruited from the local community were also studied for comparison purposes. Exclusion criteria for healthy participants included a history of mental illness, drug and alcohol abuse or a regular medical prescription.
All patients were on stable doses of antipsychotic medication for at least 3 months prior to taking part in this study, and were in a stable (chronic) phase of the illness, living in the local community. The reasons for non-inclusion of 13/65 patients (reported in Cooke et al., 2007) were: unsuitable for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; previous metalwork, claustrophobic or over-weight) (n = 7), consent withdrawal prior to MRI (n = 1), and movement artefacts /incomplete scan (n = 5). Excluded patients did not differ significantly from those included in the study in terms of age, predicted IQ, symptoms, or any of the insight variables (all p > 0.1).
Table 1 shows demographic characteristics of both study groups and Table 2 shows clinical characteristics of the patient sample.
The study procedures had the approval of the ethics committee of the Institute of Psychiatry and South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, London. All participants provided written informed consent.
Insight was assessed using a self-rated instrument, the Birchwood Insight Scale (Birchwood et al., 1994), and an observer-rated instrument, the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight — Expanded (Kemp and David, 1997). The SAI-E measures the dimensions of re-labelling of unusual mental events as abnormal, awareness of illness, and recognition of the need for treatment included in the original SAI (David et al., 1992). The SAI-E adds items regarding awareness of psychological/emotional changes, awareness that there is something wrong, awareness of the negative effects of mental illness, and attribution of symptoms to a mental illness. Like the SAI-E, the BIS is based on David's (1990) model of insight and measures the same three core dimensions of insight as the original SAI (David et al., 1992).
These two measures were combined, via a factor analytic approach, to generate four factors of insight, namely, Awareness of and Attribution to Illness, Recognition of the Need for Medication, Awareness of Problems and Symptom Re-labelling as described in detail by Cooke et al. (2007). Briefly stated, the Awareness of and Attribution to Illness factor includes items relating to awareness of illness, together with the attribution of problems in general as well as symptoms specifically to a mental illness. The Recognition of the Need for Medication factor includes items relating to awareness of the need for treatment, specifically medication. The Awareness of Problems factor includes items related to awareness of problems and the need to seek help. More specifically, the items which refer to being aware that one needs to take medication load on Recognition of the Need for Medication, whereas the items which refer to the awareness of the need to seek help more generally, and being aware that there was 'something wrong' load on Awareness of Problems factor. The Symptom Re-labelling factor comprises items referring to the ability to recognise that experiences are abnormal and label them as such but not perceive them as a problem or an illness. An individual may be aware that his/her symptomatic experiences are unusual or internally generated, but not attribute them to a mental illness and therefore score highly on the Symptom Re-labelling factor but not on Awareness of and Attribution to Illness.
Structural MRI brain scans were acquired using a 1.5 Tesla GE N/Vi Signa system (General Electric, Milwaukee WI, USA) at the Maudsley Hospital, London. A quadrature birdcage head coil was used for RF transmission and reception. Head movement was limited by foam padding within the head coil and a restraining band across the forehead. Initially, a series of sagittal and axial fast gradient echo scout images were acquired in order to correct for head tilt and to orient subsequent images relative to the anterior-commissure/posterior-commissure line and the interhemispheric fissure (TR = 200 ms, TE = 4.2 ms, theta = 90°, field of view = 24 cm, slice thickness = 5 mm, slice gap = 2.5 mm, 256 × 192 acquisition matrix, one data average). The whole brain was then scanned with a 3-D inversion recovery prepared fast spoiled GRASS T1-weighted dataset. These T1-weighted images were obtained in the axial plane with 1.5 mm contiguous sections. TR was 18 ms, TI was 450 ms, TE was 5.1 ms and the flip angle was 20° with one data average, a 256 × 256 × 128 pixel matrix and a 0.937 mm × 0.937 mm in-plane resolution. Image contrast for all datasets was chosen with the aid of a software tool for optimizing image contrast (Simmons et al., 1996).
All structural brain data were analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping — version 2 (SPM2, Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London; http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm).
A series of study-specific, customised templates were created in preference to the standard SPM2 templates in order to minimise any scanner-specific biases and to provide templates appropriate to characteristics of the sample (Good et al., 2001). For the creation of the customised whole brain (T1) template, each structural MRI image was registered to the standard SPM2 T1 template using a 12 parameter affine transformation. These normalised images were then smoothed with an 8 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) isotropic Gaussian kernel, and averaged to create the customised T1 template with a resolution of 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm.
The (unsmoothed) normalised T1 images were then segmented into their grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid components using the standard SPM2 grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid probability maps. Each individual segmented image was then automatically cleaned to remove non-brain tissue and smoothed with an 8 mm FWHM isotropic Gaussian kernel. The smoothed images were then averaged to create customised grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid templates in standard stereotactic space (Good et al., 2001).
The original T1 brain images were normalised to the customised T1 template using a 12 parameter affine transformation and then segmented into grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid components using the customised grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid templates. After automatically cleaning these segmented images to remove non-brain tissue, each grey matter image was re-normalised to the study-specific grey matter template using (i) a 12 parameter affine transformation and (ii) a non-linear transformation comprising a combination of smooth spatial basis functions (Ashburner and Friston, 1999) to account for global non-linear shape differences (16 iterations, 25 mm cut-off, medium regularisation). The parameters used to normalise each segmented grey matter image are then applied to the corresponding native T1 image, to derive a whole brain image which is normalised to standardised stereotactic space. Using the parameters from the normalisation of the cleaned segmented grey matter image to the grey matter template prevents non-brain voxels (such as the skull, which is present in T1 images) from contributing to errors in spatial normalisation, 'optimising' the process. These normalised whole brain T1 images, 'optimised' through using the parameters derived from the normalisation of grey matter images to a customised template, were used in the next step. In effect, the preceding stages of the process were concatenated into the normalisation of the native T1 images to maximise registration accuracy.
The initial normalisation of the T1 images to the T1 template prior to segmentation can be influenced by non-brain voxels (as the cleaning of these voxels from brain images can only be done once the images have been segmented, which must itself be preceded by an initial normalisation). The optimally normalised T1 images were therefore re-segmented into grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid using the customised grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid templates. These images are then cleaned to remove non-brain tissue to derive the optimally normalised segmented images for each subject.
In order to account for the volumetric changes introduced by non-linear transformations, images were modulated by multiplying the 'relative volume' (the extent of distortion generated by non-linear transformations) by the intensity value at each voxel in the (unsmoothed) optimally normalised, cleaned and segmented grey matter image. Differences between images in modulated intensities therefore reflect regional differences in the absolute amount (volume) of grey matter (Good et al., 2001). The images were then smoothed with a 12 mm FWHM isotropic Gaussian kernel, as recommended by Ashburner and Friston (2000) to ensure that the data are valid for the use of parametric statistical tests. The voxel size in these images was 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm.
The total grey matter volume for each individual was calculated from the unsmoothed modulated segmented images (which have the same grey matter volume as the segmented images in native space) and examined for (a) difference between patients and controls in total grey matter volume using analysis of variance with and without controlling for age and gender, and (b) the correlations between total grey matter volumes and insight measures (Pearson's r used for insight variables distributed normally, Spearman rank order correlations used when insight measures not normally distributed). Following the observation of positive associations between the total grey matter volume and the Awareness of Problems and Symptom Re-labelling factors of insight, we examined the relationships between (a) predicted IQ (assessed with National Adult Reading Test, NART; Nelson and Willison, 1991) and total grey matter volume, and (b) predicted IQ and insight factors. Subsequent to the observations of significant positive associations between predicted IQ and the total grey volume, and between predicted IQ and the Awareness of Problems and Symptom Re-labelling factors of insight, we re-evaluated the relationships between the total grey matter volume and relevant insight factors (Awareness of Problems and Symptom Re-labelling) after controlling for predicted IQ.
Regional differences between patients and controls in grey matter volume were examined by analysing group differences in modulated grey matter images. Both age and gender were controlled for in these analyses due to their known influence on brain structure (Coffey et al., 1998). To examine insight-regional grey matter associations in patients, a separate regression analysis was carried out for each insight factor. The effect of global grey matter volume was controlled for in the regression, and insight factor score was entered as an independent variable. Each within-group analysis of modulated grey matter images comprised two contrasts: one to test for positive associations between regional absolute grey matter volumes and insight measures, and another to test for negative associations. In order to exclude voxels which are unlikely to be grey matter from the analyses and reduce the number of comparisons being made, only voxels which had an absolute intensity of at least 0.05 (5%) in all grey matter images being analysed (i.e. smoothed, modulated normalised images) were included in each analysis.
The threshold for statistical parametric maps in this study was set at p < 0.001, uncorrected (using the T statistic in voxel-wise analyses). The threshold for local maxima to be considered significant was set at p < 0.05, family-wise error (FWE) corrected. The procedure for correction for multiple comparisons in SPM2, however, was originally designed for the analysis of functional data, and is overly strict when applied to structural data (Sowell et al., 1999). Relationships between insight and brain regional volumes where clusters were larger than 100 voxels with a local maxima reaching T > 4.50 (p < 0.0001) were therefore treated as being of interest. If these clusters were in a region which was hypothesised in advance to be related to insight, small volume correction (SVC) was applied to determine whether a cluster is significant correcting for multiple comparisons within a locally defined volume rather than the whole brain. A 10 mm radius sphere centred on the maxima voxel was used in SVC analyses.
The values representing the percentage of total grey volume under a smoothing kernel for each patient at peak voxels of the regions that showed an association with insight factors (see Results) were extracted and examined first using Pearsons' correlations and then re-examined using partial correlations after partialling out the effect of duration of illness in the observed associations (within SPSS). All significant associations remained significant with very similar p values after we partialled out the effect of duration of illness (results not presented further) most likely because neither the Insight factors nor the percentages of total grey volume in relevant regions were correlated with the duration of illness in this sample (all p > 0.10).
Finally, we explored possible associations between insight factors and white matter and CSF volumes (using the same methods and thresholds for significance testing as described above for the grey matter volume). The global volumes of white matter and CSF did not correlate significantly with any of the insight factors. The analyses to explore associations between regional white matter and each of the insight factor scores also did not reveal any significant relationships (all T < 4.5; results not presented further).
Patients had significantly smaller global grey matter volume (in litres) than healthy controls (patients' mean = 0.716, SD = 0.066; controls' mean = 0.762, SD = 0.070; F = 9.299, df = 1,80, p = 0.003). This difference remained significant after controlling for age and gender (F = 6.607, df = 1,78, p = 0.012).
Patients had significantly less grey matter volume in two regions: the first had its local maximum voxel in the right brainstem [(x = 9, y = −28, z = ,−8), T(78) = 5.54, number of contiguous voxels = 8540, p = 0.004 FWE corrected] and extended into the dorsal thalamus, and the second was located in the left middle occipital gyrus [BA 19, centred at − 53,− 82,− 1, T(78) = 4.80, number of contiguous voxels = 24468, p = 0.012 FWE corrected]. There was a trend towards less grey matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus [STG, BA 38, centred at 55,16,− 8, T(78) = 4.34, number of contiguous voxels = 17,680, p = 0.079 FWE corrected].
There were no regions showing more grey matter volume in patients relative to controls (no voxels reached significance at the p < 0.001 uncorrected level).
The mean scores for the four insight factors are described in Table 3. The associations reported between insight factors and MRI values are all positive — i.e. between greater grey matter volume and higher insight scores (see Table 4).
Greater global grey matter volume was significantly associated with higher Awareness of Problems (rho = 0.275, p < 0.05) and higher Symptom Re-labelling scores (r = 0.315, p < 0.05). The Awareness of and Attribution to Illness and Recognition of the Need for Medication factors also showed positive associations with grey matter volume, but were not significant (r = 0.151 and r = 0.186 respectively, all p > 0.1).
Predicted IQ correlated positively with total grey matter volume (r = 0.385, p = 0.006, n = 50) and also with the Symptom Re-labelling (r = 0.328, p = 0.030) and Awareness of Problems scores (rho = 0.330, p = 0.019) but did not correlate significantly (p > 0.1) with the Awareness of and Attribution to Illness, and Recognition of the Need for Medication scores. The association between the total grey matter volume and relevant insight factors (Awareness of Problems and Symptom Re-labelling) became non-significant (p > 0.1) after controlling for predicted IQ.
There was an association between higher score on Awareness of and Attribution to Illness and greater grey matter volume in the left STG, as well as a more posterior region in the left middle temporal gyrus. In the right hemisphere, this factor was associated with the volume of the right inferior temporal gyrus and a large lateral parietal cluster with two local maxima: one in the right inferior parietal lobule and another in the right supramarginal gyrus (see Table 1 and Fig. 1).
There were no significant correlations between this factor score and regional grey matter volumes (all voxels T < 4.5 and p > 0.3, FWE corrected).
There was a significant association between higher score and greater grey matter volume in the left precuneus (see Table 3 and Fig. 2).
There was an association between higher score and greater absolute grey matter volume in the right STG (see Table 3 and Fig. 3).
A number of studies have suggested that insight in schizophrenia has a structural brain basis. Frontal brain regions have been particularly implicated, although ROI studies have rarely examined regions outside of the frontal lobes. This investigation aimed to extend the literature by using VBM, an automated approach which covers the whole brain, to examine the structural brain correlates of clinical insight and its specific dimensions.
The patient group had a significantly smaller total grey matter volume compared to controls, a difference which survived controlling for age and sex. This result is consistent with the global reduction in grey matter volume in individuals with schizophrenia found in a meta-analysis (Wright et al., 2000). Regionally, there were significant grey matter reductions in patients in a right brainstem/dorsal thalamus cluster and the left middle occipital gyrus (BA 19), as well as a trend towards a reduction in the right STG (BA 38). These findings are consistent with those of a number of previous VBM studies. Four studies have found reductions in grey matter in the right thalamus in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls (Hulshoff Pol et al., 2001; Marcelis et al., 2003; Salgado-Pineda et al., 2003, 2004), while left middle occipital gyrus reductions have been found in one previous study (Moorhead et al., 2004). Reductions in the right STG are one of the most replicated VBM findings (Sigmundsson et al., 2000; Hulshoff Pol et al., 2001; Job et al., 2002; Kubicki et al., 2002, Spalletta et al., 2003; Moorhead et al., 2004). The STG finding is also in accord with findings of ROI studies (Shenton et al., 2001). Reductions in the right STG in schizophrenia are thought to be particularly important in the aetiology of auditory hallucinations, as STG volume has been found to correlate with the severity of such experiences (Barta et al., 1990). However, it should be noted that, although no healthy participant or patient was abusing drugs or alcohol at the time of their participation, there was a past history of drug abuse in a proportion of patients and this may have led or contributed to some of the observed grey matter differences between patients and controls.
It was hypothesised that insight factors would be correlated with total grey matter volume. This hypothesis was supported by the significant correlations between total grey matter volume and both the Awareness of Problems and Symptom Re-labelling factors. However, predicted IQ was also correlated with the total grey matter volume and the Awareness of Problems and Symptom Re-labelling factors and the associations between total grey matter volume and the Awareness of Problems and Symptom Re-labelling factors became non-significant after controlling for predicted IQ. Generally, our findings are consistent with previous data showing (a) a relationship between IQ and total grey matter volume (review, Antonova et al., 2004) and (b) a relationship between insight and general cognitive ability in psychosis (reviews, Cooke et al., 2005; Aleman et al., 2006). Our findings, however, also suggest that the total brain volume has a noticeable association only with Symptom Re-labelling and Awareness of Problems dimensions of insight and this effect is mediated via its association with general cognitive ability.
A number of previous (mainly ROI) studies have found relationships between dimensions of insight and the volume of specific frontal lobe regions. However, no significant relationships were found between the insight factors and frontal lobe regions in this study. Instead, we found associations between insight factors and a number of temporal and parietal lobe areas. Previous ROI studies have not measured parietal or temporal lobe regions, making it impossible for them to identify correlations between the volume of these regions and insight. Furthermore, anosognosia, which is held by some to be the neurological analogue of poor insight (Amador et al., 1994), is associated with lesions to subcortical, parietal lobe and temporal lobe structures, as well as with frontal lesions (meta-analytic review, Pia et al., 2004), suggesting that it is not a purely frontal phenomenon.
The strongest relationship found in this investigation was between the Awareness of Problems score and the volume of the left precuneus, located in the medial parietal lobe. This relationship survived FWE correction for multiple comparisons without the need for small volume correction. A number of studies have demonstrated that grey matter volumes of specific brain regions are closely associated with behavioural measures of their function both in healthy people and in patients with schizophrenia (review, Antonova et al., 2004). Although the precuneus has not been investigated in previous structural imaging (ROI) studies within the context of schizophrenia (as discussed by Antonova et al., 2004), functional imaging studies in healthy people have revealed a number of observations concerning its functions that allow us to postulate how it might play a role in this particular dimension of insight in psychosis. Specifically, a network involving the precuneus and medial prefrontal regions has been proposed as the mechanism through which personal identity and past personal experiences are interlinked, allowing a person to move between representation and awareness of the self (Andreasen et al., 1995). Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown precuneus activation in comparing self to non-self representations, including judging whether psychological/personality trait adjectives were self-referential (Kircher et al., 2000, 2002). Positron emission tomography studies too have shown precuneus activation when participants reflect about their own personality traits and physical appearance (Kjaer et al., 2002), and a linear relationship between precuneus activation and the degree to which the retrieval of previous retrieval of psychological traits was self-referential (Lou et al., 2004). These observations indicate that the precuneus is either involved in assigning first-person perspective (e.g. awareness of one's own mental states) (Vogeley and Fink, 2003), or more generally in internal representation through mental imagery and episodic/autobiographical memory retrieval (Cavanna and Trimble, 2006; Cavanna, 2007) and could explain why the volume of the left precuneus was associated with the Awareness of Problems. If an individual with schizophrenia has a deficit in an area of the brain which mediates the ability to access representations of his/her own mental states, he/she may not be able to identify that these mental states are problematic, and may therefore be unaware that there is 'something wrong'. We (Cooke et al., 2007) had previously found an association between lower awareness of problems and 'preference for mental disengagement' coping style. This raises an interesting possibility that precuneus deficit causes mental disengagement via reducing awareess of one's own mental states.
A large cluster in a different parietal lobe region was correlated with Awareness of and Attribution to Illness factor score. This cluster had maxima voxels in the right inferior parietal lobule and right supramarginal gyrus, and was significant after small volume correction had been applied. This area of the parietal cortex has a well-established role in visual attention (review, Culham and Kanwisher, 2001) and working memory/executive functioning tasks that also activate the DLFPC (Bor and Owen, 2007). It is plausible that as well as being involved in awareness of sensory information, the right inferior parietal cortex is involved in awareness of illness via the same cognitive dysfunctions, namely deficits in executive working memory and cognitive set shifting, that link the DLPFC deficit to poor insight in patients with schizophrenia (review, Shad et al., 2007). In our recent study (Cooke et al., 2007), we had found 'Awareness of and Attribution to Illness' factor score to be correlated with 'planning' and 'use of instrumental social support' styles of coping which may also rely on the same set of cognitive functions. It is also interesting to note that damage to the right parietal cortex has frequently been linked to anosognosia in neurological disorders (Pia et al., 2004; Vuilleumier, 2004).
The present investigation found relationships between the volume of a number of temporal lobe regions and the Awareness of and Attribution to Illness insight factor. Ha et al. (2004) had previously reported an association between insight, as measured by the PANSS G12 item, and a temporal lobe grey matter cluster. Our findings suggest a role for grey matter in the temporal lobe specifically in the awareness of symptoms and attributing them to an illness rather than in insight across all dimensions. In the present investigation, two clusters in the left temporal lobe were significant after small volume correction had been applied: one with a maxima voxel in the left STG, and another more posterior cluster with a maxima voxel in the left middle temporal gyrus. A further cluster in the right inferior temporal gyrus was also significant after applying small volume correction. A cluster with its maxima voxel in the right middle temporal gyrus which extended into the right STG was also associated with the Symptom Re-labelling factor and was significant after small volume correction had been applied. Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the role of the STG in the cortical network subserving the interpretation, production and self-monitoring of speech and language in healthy people (review, Pearlson, 1997). Activation of this region has been found to correlate with severity of auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia (Barta et al., 1990; review, Raveendran and Kumari, 2007), supporting the view that auditory hallucinations reflect impaired self-monitoring of internal speech (Frith, 1992). The correlations found in this study suggest that the self-monitoring deficits in schizophrenia, which associated with the STG, may extend beyond an inability to monitor internal speech, to an inability to monitor whether mental experiences are abnormal, and whether one is experiencing a psychiatric illness.
Shad et al. (2007) have very recently proposed that reduced volumes of the right DLPFC and/or the right parietal regions underlie unawareness of symptoms (anosognosia), while relatively increased volumes of the orbitofrontal cortex underlies misattribution of symptoms (dysnosgnoia). Our data provide support for the theorised parietal cortex–insight relationship. The lack of any inverse relationship between any dimensions of insight and brain volumes especially of the orbitofrontal region may be due to the fact that all our patients were medicated and chronic outpatients. Very recently, Lacerda et al. (2007) using the same ROI procedures as used in studies by Shad and colleagues have reported larger orbitofrontal volume in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who have long term difficulties on the other hand are reported to show reduced grey matter volume in this region (Kuperberg et al., 2003). It is thus possible that a misattribution of symptoms–larger orbitofrontal volumes relationship is specific to first-episode patients. However, unlike the findings of ROI studies, grey matter volume in no frontal region associated positively or negatively with insight dimensions in this study. This, at least in part, may be related to the methodological differences between voxel-averaged, landmark-based ROI analyses and the single, voxel-by-voxel whole brain VBM measurements (Gilulani et al., 2005).
We did not find any association between the 'Recognition of the Need for Medication' factor and total or regional grey matter volumes. Although we earlier suggested that this insight dimension may be less biological in nature and better correlated with psychological mechanisms, such as denial, poor self-esteem or a coping style (Sapara et al., 2007), our recent study did not show an association between this dimension and denial, poor self-esteem or a particular coping style (Cooke et al., 2007). The biological, psychological and/or social variables that influence, or may be associated with, this particular dimension of insight remain unclear at present.
The findings of this study demonstrate positive relationships between total grey matter volume and grey matter volumes in a number of regions and specific dimensions of insight in psychosis. Specifically, greater left precuneus grey matter volume, perhaps via facilitating increased access to own mental states, has a positive association with awareness of problems and the need to seek help. Greater grey matter volumes in the STG, a region implicated in self-monitoring and perhaps in an extended capacity in the ability to monitor whether mental experiences are abnormal and whether one is experiencing a psychiatric illness, and the lateral parietal cortex, which has a role in working memory/executive functioning, are associated with higher awareness of symptoms and attributing them to an illness.
The sponsor (the Wellcome Trust) had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
Veena Kumari, Elizabeth Kuipers, Emmanuelle Peters, Steven C Williams and Michael Cooke designed the study and obtained the funding. Michael Cooke collected the data. Dominic Fannon performed the clinical diagnostic interviews. Michael Cooke undertook the statistical analysis. Veena Kumari and Michael Cooke prepared the first draft. All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This research was funded by the Wellcome Trust (067427/z/02/z & 072298/z/03/z).
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Will the Democratic National Convention bring the Charlotte Convention Center more business?
The CRVA and the DNC say there will be long-lasting effects, as the city enjoys the national spotlight for three days in September. Steve Kerrigan, chief executive of the DNC Committee, says Boston enjoyed a boom in convention business after hosting the 2004 DNC.
Boston isn't so sure. The number of convention center hotel-room nights in Boston jumped by more than 35 percent in the year after the DNC. But Mac Daniel, a spokesperson for the Massachusetts Convention Center Authority, said that increase came at the same time the city opened a new $850 million convention center.


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Pie in the Face
Assistant Principal Harrison Bailey's wipes whipped cream out of his eyes after (Not Shown) Zanee Savage a 10th grader at Parkland High School, smashes a whipped cream pie in face at the Parkland High School pie in the face event that was held in the cafeteria on Wednesday. The proceeds went to "Dreams Come True."DENISE SANCHEZ/THE MORNING CALL


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Business in brief
The Virginia Society of Certified Public Accountants (VSCPA), located in Innsbrook, recently was named one of the 2013 Best Places to Work in Virginia. The annual list of "Best Places to Work" was created by Virginia Business and Best Companies Group. The survey and award program was designed to identify, recognize and honor the best places of employment in Virginia, benefiting the state's economy, its work force and businesses. VSCPA was honored in the small employer category, having fewer than 100 employees. The rankings of the 3rd annual Best Places to Work in Virginia will be unveiled and published in the February 2013 issue of Virginia Business.
Lakeside Elementary School's "PE Fun 4 Everyone" project recently received $351.66 through SONIC Drive-In's fourth annual Limeades for Learning program. Sonic partnered with DonorsChoose.org and allowed the public to vote online for the classroom projects they wanted to see funded by Sonic. Sonic funded $600,000 worth of those most-voted-for projects on a weekly basis between September 24 and October 29.
Innsbrook-based Snagajob has been ranked 337th on Deloitte's Technology 500, a ranking of the 500 fastest-growing technology, media, telecommunications, life sciences and clean technology companies in North America, according to company revenues. The ranking comes just weeks after Snagajob was named one of the best companies to work for in America on the Great Place to Work annual ranking published by Fortune magazine. Snagajob has been named to both the Great Place to Work list and Deloitte's Technology Fast 500 for the past five years.
Agents with Cushman & Wakefield | Thalhimer recently handled the following lease negotiations: Cartwright Landscaping, LLC – leased 5,600 square feet at 5805 School Ave.; Fast Auto Loans, Inc. – leased 5,000 square feet at 3619 Mechanicsville Tnpk.; Corporate Threat Solution – leased 3,137 square feet in the Banks Brothers Building at 4461 Cox Rd.; The Sherwin Williams Company – renewed its lease of 3,000 square feet in Tower Plaza at 3401-3431 Cox Rd.; and Spy Rock Real Estate, LLC – leased 1,505 square feet at 5411 Patterson Ave.
Local choral group seeks volunteers
Citizen Staff Reports 07/18/2016
Good Vibrations choral group is looking for all voices with some musical experience to sing with the volunteer choir. The season runs from August to November. Genre includes patriotic and inspirational. > Read more.
County plans Fourth of July event
Henrico County Recreation and Parks will present "Red, White, and Lights" at Meadow Farm Museum/Crump Park July 4.
Henrico County has hosted a Fourth of July celebration annually since 1981, but this year's event will offer a later start time and expanded hours and be highlighted by new entertainment.
The free event will begin at 4:30 p.m. and will feature the Richmond Symphony, a laser-light show, patriotic performances, and family activities. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
There are some great events this weekend in Henrico that will take your mind off the incredible heat. Highland Springs residents are invited to a Neighborhood Block Party with music, games, food and giveaways. The Tuckahoe Square Dance Club will host a dance at Pinchbeck Elementary School. There are still a few spots left for a free women's self-defense class at The Academy of Kung Fu. And the Pocahontas Chapter of the Virginia Native Plant Society will continue its Sunday Strolls at Dorey Park. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Bondurant appointed as Henrico General District Court judge
Reynolds Community College named a '2016 Great College to Work For'
Church uses goats to clear overgrowth
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CalendarThe Henrico Teen Theatre Company will present "Jack & The Three Sillies" at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. July 27-30 at The Cultural Arts Center at Glen Allen. Admission is… Full text


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Jamaica activist brings legal challenge to anti-sodomy lawsWednesday, December 9, 2015Maurice Tomlinson has filed a claim in Jamaica's Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality of the rarely-used 1864 laws that ban anal sex.
LGBT Jamaicans hold 1st gay pride celebrations on islandTuesday, August 4, 2015The very idea used to be almost unthinkable in a country long considered one of the globe's most hostile places to homosexuals.
Jamaica woman brings attention to rapes targeting lesbiansTuesday, April 28, 2015When Angeline Jackson and a friend were ambushed at gunpoint and sexually assaulted on a wooded trail outside the Jamaican capital, police initially seemed less concerned about the attack than the fact she is a lesbian.
Human rights group: LGBT Jamaicans targets of unchecked violenceTuesday, October 21, 2014KINGSTON, Jamaica -- LGBT people are the targets of unchecked violence and discrimination in Jamaica, frequently refused housing or employment in the Caribbean country typically described as the region's most hostile to LGBT citizens, a leading…
Jamaican activist ends legal challenge to anti-sodomy law amid fears for his safetyFriday, August 29, 2014KINGSTON, Jamaica -- A Jamaican gay rights activist who brought a legal challenge to the Caribbean island's anti-sodomy law says he has withdrawn the case after growing fearful about his safety. Last year, Javed Jaghai made…
U.S., British anti-gay activists spread homophobic messages at Jamaica conferenceMonday, December 9, 2013KINGSTON, Jamaica -- Two prominent U.S. and British anti-gay activists attended a conference in Jamaica over the weekend to urge their counterparts and the Jamaican government to retain that country's colonial era law banning homosexual activity.…
Jamaica: Mob murder of gay teen shows depth of hostility toward LGBT communitySunday, August 11, 2013MONTEGO BAY, Jamaica — Dwayne Jones was relentlessly teased in high school for being effeminate until he dropped out. His father not only kicked him out of the house at the age of 14 but also…
Cross-dressing gay teen hacked, stabbed to death by Jamaican mobTuesday, July 23, 2013ST. JAMES, Jamaica -- A 17-year-old gay teen was hacked and stabbed to death by a mob in Jamaica on Monday night.
Jamaican gay rights activist seeking changes to anti-sodomy lawTuesday, June 25, 2013KINGSTON, Jamaica -- A gay rights activist got his first court hearing Tuesday on his effort to bring a constitutional challenge to Jamaica's nearly 150-year-old colonial-era law that bans sex between men.
Jamaica church leaders rally, protest efforts to repeal anti-sodomy lawSunday, June 23, 2013KINGSTON, Jamaica -- Several church pastors in Jamaica led a revival meeting Sunday to oppose efforts to overturn the Caribbean country's anti-sodomy law and turn back what they see as increasing acceptance of homosexuality.
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March 17, 2016
| Article
Healthy nail tech Lisa DeLegge has always looked good, but she wasn't always healthy. Despite being slim, she felt weak and out of shape. Find out what she did to change all that.
December 21, 2015
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Extra pounds got you down? Jump start the new year and become a healthy nail tech with our fitness formula for 2016.
March 1, 2015
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The latest studies prove it: The more you sit, the less you're fit. As a nail tech who sits most of the day, you might have come to see your job as a fitness foe. NAILS looks at the research on sitting and suggests ways you can get out of the chair to stand up for your health.
May 1, 2002
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After nearly a year of weight loss attempts, the Healthy Outlook Club (HOC) that was formed by the NAILS staff and its readers last May concluded in January with a few lovely days at the spa.
May 1, 2001
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We want to inspire you to think about yourself, your health, and feeling good. We want you to go on a diet and start exercising . . . with us.
Wash-ful Thinking8 photos
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text: Shares trading up to $84 at the close, well through the current $83.50 bid by Suntory . . . maybe DEO is looking, or at least not denying it? No reason a better deal at $95 wouldn't work well for them (esp. with synergies) . . . and of course the BEAM Board has obligations to evaluate any competing proposal and do what's best for shareholders if it is a superior offer - the company obviously is in play officially, and is a pretty rare asset with good global brand power. Has anyone heard any interesting rumors about potential competing bids, that might be what's driving the stock up recently?


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With Charity for All: Why Charities Are Failing and a Better Way to Give (Hardcover)
Vast and largely unexamined, the world of American charities accounts for fully 10 percent of economic activity in this country, yet operates with little accountability, no real barriers to entry, and a stunning lack of evidence of effectiveness. In With Charity for All, Ken Stern reveals a problem hidden in plain sight and prescribes a whole new way for Americans to make a difference.
Each year, two thirds of American households donate to charities, with charitable revenues exceeding one trillion dollars. Yet while the mutual fund industry employs more than 150,000 people to rate and evaluate for-profit companies, nothing remotely comparable exists to monitor the nonprofit world. Instead, each individual is on his or her own, writing checks for a cause and going on faith. Ken Stern, former head of NPR and a long-time nonprofit executive, set out to investigate the vast world of U.S. charities and discovered a sector hobbled by deep structural flaws. Unlike private corporations that respond to market signals and go out of business when they fail, nonprofit organizations have a very low barrier to entry (the IRS approves 99.5 percent of applications) and once established rarely die. From water charities aimed at improving life in Africa to drug education programs run by police officers in thousands of U.S. schools, and including American charitable icons such as the Red Cross, Stern tells devastating stories of organizations that raise and spend millions of dollars without ever cracking the problems they set out to solve.
But he also discovered some good news: a growing movement toward accountability and effectiveness in the nonprofit world. With Charity for All is compulsively readable, driven in its early pages by the plight of millions of Americans donating to good causes to no good end, and in its last chapters by an inspiring prescription for individual giving and widespread reform.
About the Author
Ken Stern is the founder of Ken Stern and Associates, a multimillion-dollar corporation managing wealth for affluent individuals, families, and institutions. He has appeared on CNBC, CNN, and "The Today Show", and speaks monthly to hundreds of listeners. He resides with his family in Southern California and enjoys reading, writing, investing, eating, exercising, skiing, swimming, and traveling.
Praise For…
"Ken Stern, former chief executive officer of National Public Radio, includes surprise after surprise within the pages of With Charity for All….Color him more exasperated than mean, more provocative than shrill, and counterintuitive instead of purveying stale conventional wisdom. Stern's advice is consequential, because if followed it will alter the charitable realm."
—USA Today
"In this provocative exposé, the former CEO and COO of National Public Radio takes a critical view of today's nonprofit world, calling for reform and a redefinition of what constitutes a charity. For anyone who has given time or money to not-for-profits, Stern's critique will prove both disturbing and thought-provoking ... An engrossing read, this look at the evolution and current state of the charitable world is sure to stimulate debate."
—Publishers Weekly
"[Stern] fills the text with insightful, vivid examples ... A trove of useful insider wisdom."
—Kirkus Reviews
"Important and thought provoking analysis"


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Forum: Election 2012 (Archive)
All the 2012 political news.
Threads 1621 to 1640 of 3577
All the 2012 political news.
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Looks like it!!!
If a lying sack of Male Bovine Excrement like you can figure it out then you can bet Trump and his people have known this from day zero of his campaign to be the President.
Yeah, but Trump is new to politics. Is his campaign aware of the above 7 points?
Home fried chicken and french fries with gravy.
Pork steak over ole fashioned charcoal n corn on the cob right out of the local fields. What you eating tonight?


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553 search results for Google
DC announces digital collection lineup with comiXology and Google Play
Type: Article | Date: Wednesday, Oct 9, 2013Nearly 100 graphic navels and collected editions available for download
Apple unveils iTunes Radio streaming service
Type: Article | Date: Monday, Jun 10, 2013Company's new music venture to be launched in the fall
Google is working on an online pay TV service
Type: Post | Date: Tuesday, Jul 16, 2013
We're on Google Buzz
Type: Post | Date: Friday, Feb 12, 2010HitFix is now on Google Buzz, start following us there for the latest entertainment news updates.
Michael Rooker Stole My Google Glass And 8 More Reasons To Attend Your Local Comic-Con
Type: Article | Date: Monday, Mar 31, 2014These regional conventions are small, but fierce!
Round-Up: The funniest #sadgooglesearches on Twitter
Type: Article | Date: Wednesday, Aug 14, 2013Or is it the saddest #funnygooglesearches?
'Idol' partners with Facebook and Google for online voting, will show real-time voting updates
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Jan 27, 2014"Idol" partners with Facebook and Google for online voting, will show real-time voting updates "Doctor Who" unveils Peter Capaldi's outfit "Lizzie Borden Took An Ax" gets big numbers, but fails to match "Flowers in the Attic"
Google unveils new Nexus 7 tablet to compete with Kindle Fire, iPad, Surface
Type: Article | Date: Wednesday, Jun 27, 2012The Apple TV-esque Nexus Q system and internet-connected eyeglasses also revealed
Pro: Taylor Swift just won the Internet. Con: She just admitted she Googles herself.
Type: Article | Date: Thursday, Sep 25, 2014Or should we call her by her REAL name??
Steven Spielberg's 'Lincoln' trailer coming September 13
Type: Post | Date: Wednesday, Sep 5, 2012Google+ event to be broadcast in Times Square


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A collection of responses to pickup lines, and just bad ones in general!
We've just released huge update to the iOS app! Now, access all your favorite text and photo sites like Anti-Joke, DIYLOL! A few things didn't make the original cut (like comments) but they'll be back soon. Best of all, the app is now FREE! Get it here.
"Speed is the solution to everything, not that I have ever done it, I mean I love speed but, not the other thing, the actual...."
via: Clarksonisms
via: Pointless Inventions
"Find Waldo."
"Sweet! I've just received my free minecraft giftcode! >> Minecraftcodes.info <<."
©2008-2014 Anti-Pickup Line. All rights reserved.
A Horse Head Huffer Production.
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Download Repair Manual PDF
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Free download ebook pdf files automotive manual, car and motorcycle repair manual, workshop manual and tips and tricks. Free pdf auto service repair manuals Manuals and free owners instruction pdf guides. find the user manual and the help you need for the products you own at manualsonline.. Manualsonline. - official site Automotive repair manuals the worldwide leader in haynes automotive repair information for close to 50 years every manual based on a complete teardown! 2009. Download automotive repair manuals 2009 - haynes
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Hi all
I am a newbie. I read Keir Thomas's Ubuntu Beginners Book quickly. I came across a section about the command line. He mentioned virtual command consoles being used when the gui freezes. I tried this in Ubuntu 8 and it worked, but It doesn't work in Ubuntu 9.10
The key combination to access a virtual console is Ctrl-Alt-F2 or F3,F4,F5,F6. And to escape
Ctrl-Alt-F7. I tried finding it in the keyboard-shortcuts sections but it isn't there. Anybody know how it now works?


text:
NEW YORK CITY, NY -- Lance Armstrong's reported comeback won't take place with the Astana cycling team.
The cycling journal VeloNews had reported today that the
36-year-old seven-time Tour de France champion would compete in the
Tour and four other road races with Astana in 2009.
However, Astana team press officer Philippe Maertens tells The Associated Press that the Austin cycling great is not part of Team Astana and that the team "has no plans
with him."
Astana team director Johan Bruyneel also told cyclingnews.com that he was unaware of any Armstrong comeback.
Bruyneel was with Armstrong for all seven of his Tour wins from
Armstrong, Bruyneel and Armstrong manager Mark Higgins hasn't
returned messages left for him by The AP.


text:
Dismiss Notice
Missed the live Ask the Expert event?
Not to worry. Check out the archived thread of the Q&A with Ken Hutcheson, President of U.S. Lawns, and the LawnSite community on the Franchising Forum.
Driveway grade? hard packed gravel..
Discussion in 'Landscape Maintenance' started by pavwa, Mar 7, 2012.


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Soothing Starflower Cleansing Milk
Soothing Starflower Cleansing Milk
Product Actions
Additional Information
This gentle cream is the simple way to cleanse sensitive skin without drying it, by washing away make-up and everyday impurities. A delicate blend of soothing starflower, cooling aloe vera, protecting alpine flower and calming liquorice, makes it ideal for all skin types.
- For all skin types, particularly sensitive skin
- Gently cleanses without drying
- Soothing and calming
- Dermatologically Tested
How to use:
Apply a small amount to cotton wool and gently wipe over your face, taking care around the delicate eye area. Rinse with warm water, then gently pat dry. For best results use daily and follow with our Soothing Starflower Daily Moisture.
Blue bottle - Plastic
- Gently cleanses without drying
- Soothing and calming
- Rich oils and butters effectively lift away impurities without the use of water or harsh surfactants
- Dermatologically Tested
- Suitable for Sensitive Skin
How to Use:
Massage onto skin with fingertips wipe clean with cotton wool. Apply morning and evening before moisturising.
Aqua (Water), Glycerin, Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) seed oil*, Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) seed butter*, Cetearyl glucoside, Borago officinalis (Starflower) seed oil*, Leontopodium alpinum (Edelweiss) extract*, Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) root extract*, Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) leaf juice powder*, Cetyl alcohol, Tocopherol, Cetearyl olivate, Sorbitan olivate, Xanthan gum, Levulinic acid, Sodium levulinate, Sodium dehydroacetate, Sodium benzoate, Potassium sorbate, Citric acid.
*Organically produced.
Fair trade. Made with 95% organic ingredients.
You're not going to get a deep cleanse from this, let's start there. So if you're used to the popular cream cleansers, don't expect the same effect. I love this though. I use it to remove my makeup with a soft flannel and warm water, and it takes it all off without irritating my skin. The smell isn't very appealing, but hey ho, I'll take it for non-irritated skin. I have eczema and large pores, so usually follow this with a deeper cleanse on an evening, but on a morning it's good alone as you can moisturise and put makeup on without waiting for any pinkness or redness to subside.
I had been looking for a suitable cleanser for my reactive, roseaic skin for ages, spending a fortune in the process, and was currently using a chemical laden range. What a joy to find this cleanser - it feels rich, soothing and pampering to my intolerant skin. Luxurious texture but does the job and removes all traces of grime and my mineral make-up. Best of all - no nasty ingredients. I am SO pleased with this product
At last, something that does everything (no need for make up remover or toner) ! Personally I use this on damp skin and wash off with a warm clean flannel. Then just splash your face with cold water to finish. It is beautiful and soothing and non-drying. Thank you Neals Yard.
To anyone with sensitive reactive skin, try this Soothing Starflower Cleanser! I have used it on clients who react to various things on their skin and it neutralizes burning and swelling skin reactions immediately! It's amazing. The borage smell is a little "fatty" for my liking, but it fades quickly.
This is excellent!!! At 33 I have generally clear combination skin but skin that can react really easily to products, especially when hormonal. I massage into dry skin and it feels so nourishing and hydrating then rinse with warm water...and a few times a week I use the Neal's yard orange face scrub as am prone to black heads on my nose. As a new mum I was starting to feel pretty haggard (I haven't had more than 2hrs sleep in a row for 18 months argh!). Previously I'd always looked after my skin and rested well but even then all cleansers had a shelf life with me and it was only a matter of time before they'd aggrivate my hormonal spots (hot cloth cleansers particularly) on my chin or just feel like they stopped working entirely. I'm on my third bottle of this and still loving it. Its understated, doesn't smell much and does a great job!
The product is gentle on the skin, but sadly I find the smell so off-putting I'm not sure I'll get through the whole bottle. It doesn't linger after I rinse it off, but washing my face with something that smells like it's gone off does little to lift my mood in the mornings :)
Such a relief to find the soothing starflower range, which has not only reduced the sensitivity and redness in my skin, but has made it so much softer and clearer and less blotchy. When your skin is sensitive but not dry, its almost impossible to find a suitable cleanser/moisturiser. Most companies seem to equate sensitivity with dryness, but sensitive skin can fall into any category and mine has always been on the oilier side. Products loaded with shea butter and/or coconut oil are just too rich and cause breakouts. I was delighted to find this range which is free of fragrance (which seems to be the cause of my redness and discomfort) but which is free of these pore-clogging ingredients. Thanks Neal's Yard, please don't stop making this, its a godsend for sensitive skins not catered for elsewhere.
UK Standard (3 - 5 working days Monday - Friday)
- FREE UK standard delivery on all orders over £40
- £4.95 on orders under £40
- £1 Gift Voucher only orders
UK Express
- £6.95 Orders placed before noon Monday to Thursday will arrive on the next working day before 5.30pm, except certain postcodes. Not including Saturday or Sunday. Orders placed before noon on a Friday will arrive on the following Monday. Excluding Bank Holidays.
All UK orders
Parcel force (except where stated). Anytime from 8am - 5.30pm Monday - Friday
Require a signature on delivery. Should the recipient not be in, the parcel may be taken to the nearest Post Office or a re-delivery attempted the following day.
European (Within EEC)
- £11 Courier. Please allow up to 14 working days for delivery
International (Non EEC)
- £30 on orders under £500. Please allow up to 14 working days for delivery
- £60 on orders over £500. Please allow up to 14 working days for delivery
Natural, Safe & Ethical
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£5.50 / 25 Wipes
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£11.50 / 45ml
£16.00 / 100g


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Although sold as second hand, this was a guarantee replacement and has not been used.Still has cover over screen.
Has all the accessories-battery/charges and earphones and instructions
No guarantee given-as it has now expired
7 Days: Refund if not as advertised.Buyer to pay postage


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- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
- Get the latest on Dr. Dre's arrest - TMZ
- Despite rumors, Eddie Murphy's daughter is not pregnant - Gossip Cop
- The Vampire Diaries star Michael Trevino steps out for a good cause - Just Jared Jr
- Are Blac Chyna and Kylie Jenner on good terms? - Radar
- Blue Ivy is just as stylish as her mom Beyonce! - Lainey Gossip
- This Narcos star confirms he's not coming back for another season of the show - The Hollywood Reporter
11 September 2012 at 1:50 PM
Kelly Osbourne & Hailee Steinfeld: Chris Benz Fashion Show!
About this photo set: Kelly Osbourne wears her hair in a funky up-do at the Chris Benz Spring 2013 fashion show during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week on Monday (September 10) at Lincoln Center's… Read More Here
Photo #: 2719326
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Read our Riga city guide for information about eating out, things to do and much more.View Riga Guide »
Voted best hostel Riga 2008. Mostly Private Rooms. Top notch kitchen. Large Lounge area Free Internet.Quiet sleeping... More Info »
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Dome Pearl Hostel building is the pearl of the Old Riga. It is an amazing Jugendstyle building just near the Dome... More Info »
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"Knights Court" is located in a quiet surroundings, close to Riga's city centre and it is housed in a building from... More Info »
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Valdemara Residence property is brand new guesthouse fully renovated in February 2015. We offer good service for a... More Info »
The exquisite and cosy four star hotel 'Garden Palace" opened its door in 2007. The hotel is located in the Old Town... More Info »
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If anyone should use E-verify, shouldn't the Senate lead by example. It seems an 18 year old, unpaid intern it is discovered is an illegal alien. A little investigation further, shows he is also a registered sex offender. WHY CAN'T WE DEPORT THIS GUY? WHAT ELSE DOES HE HAVE TO DO? Isn't the fact that he's a foreign national raising any suspicions. Couldn't he also be a spy for the drug cartels? I wonder if this Senator is a member of the drop the soap in the shower, Seanate Love Quad?
Sentiment: Strong Sell
Despite being a Republican, having the illegal alien component trumps this story. As far the big media is concerned, this never happened.