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Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A's, Praise, and Other Bribes Paperback – Sep 30 1999
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a clear, convincing demonstration of the shortcomings of pop-behaviorism, written with style, humor, and authority," Kirkus Reviews
"Every parent, teacher, and manager should read this book - and hurry." - Thomas Gordon, founder of Parent Effectiveness Training "
About the Author
Alfie Kohn's six previous books include Punished by Rewards and No Contest: The Case Against Competition, as well as Beyond Displine and What to Look for in a Classroom. Descrilbed by Time magazine last year as perhaps the country's most outspoken critic of educational fixation on grades and test scores," he is a popular lecturer, speaker to teachers, parents, and reasearchers accross the country. The author currently resides in Belmont, Massachusetts.
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Top Customer Reviews
Those who criticize Mr. Kohn because he confuses rewards with reinforcers actually agree with the author more than they realize. A reinforcer maintains or increases the likelihood of a particular behaviour occurring again. He examines the attempted use of rewards as reinforcers. If you read his arguments, what he is really saying is that rewards work as reinforcers only some of the time, when they do work they usually only work short term, and......most importantly, even if rewards act as a reinforcer, what motives underlie our desire to increase that behaviour in the first place?
The point of the book is to critically examine the following:
1) Here is what we want (to have self-reliant yet caring children, to have motivated yet cooperative employees, etc.)
2) Here is what we do to get it (use behavioural reinforcers).
3) Is what we do leading to the result we want?
This involves a shift to big-picture, long-term thinking. Our society is by its very nature focused on the short-term, the quick fix. So this shift is really difficult for people.
In a given situation, a person is not behaving the way you want them to. You have a choice of how to respond.
First, examine your reasons for wanting them to behave differently (is it in their interest, or your own interest? Is it to help them, or to control them?) This requires more self-criticism than many people are willing to subject themselves to.
You can threaten to punish the person. You can promise them a reward if they comply. Neither of these pay any regard to the reason behind the behaviour. The third option is to consider why the person is behaving as they are.Read more ›
This book is one of the 4 or 5 most life-changing books that I have ever read. When friends ask me for parenting advice or management advice, this book tops my list of recommendations. If this book lacks in any area, it is in providing an alternative toolkit. It has a few things to say on the topic, but you will need to roll your own toolkit to a large extent. Having made the journey to the other side, I can tell you it is well worth the effort. I find it telling that friends did not start asking me for parenting or management advice until *after* I had reengineered my life according to this book.
Read this book and get started on your own journey toward a life of mutual respect towards your fellow travelers.
grade standards in order to motivate our students to do their
best work. The assumption behind my position is that students
want to get A's and will work to avoid F's (at least most will).
This doesn't seem too radical. As parents, we make similar
assumptions. We reward our children when they behave in ways we
approve, and we punish them when they misbehave. We might argue
about whether spanking is a good punishment or whether sending a
high school student to his or her room is effective, but we agree
about the efficacy of rewards and punishment.
Employers and supervisors would agree. We reward our employees
with pay raises when they do a good job; some jobs even provide
merit pay for their for the best workers.
But after reading Punished by Rewards by Alfie Kohn, I have some
reservations. According to Kohn, rewards are not only
ineffective; they even prevent the behavior we want to encourage!
The book starts off with a review of the psychological school of
determinism and the work of B.F. Skinner. It's a bit technical
here, but it is clearly enough written that most readers can wade
through it with no problems. Then comes the heart of the argument
- offering rewards is actually counter-productive.
In one study, for example, pre-kindergarten children were given
the chance to draw with Magic Markers, something almost all
children love to do. When one group was told they would receive
gold stars if they drew pictures, however, their interest seemed
to drop, and when the gold star rewards were withdrawn, many of
the children quit drawing!Read more ›
What's surprising is that he did this even after (apparently) reading through Skinner's books and even interviewing him. Nevertheless, nobody will accuse Mr. (Dr.?) Kohn of being hard-hearted: He, at least, finds reinforcement in sticking up for the other viewpoint, making us humans feel important again. Skinner probably knew in his heart and head that comparing humans to radishes (we are only here to carry and pass on genes) would not appeal to most people (punishing). Yet, this is what biology has given us: this is our main purpose, the sound and fury notwithstanding.
Alfie (What's it all about?) at least tries to prop up our little egos again, and some of us need that. I found Skinner's viewpoint (in his interview with Alfie) to be close to the Buddhist viewpoint (no egos, no fear of death, et cetera). It also reflects such viewpoints as expressed by biologists in their analyses of human moral systems. Anyway, this book is still worth reading, if only for Skinner's interview in the appendix. Diximus.
Most recent customer reviews
Every teacher, manager and MBA student should read this book. Counterintuitive to most Western thinking, this book makes perfect sense backed by compelling evidence. Read morePublished 15 months ago by David A.C. Hay
Other reviewers have already made note of this but it is worth repeating: Kohn is seriously misinformed about the empirical studies that have been conducted within education and... Read morePublished on May 13 2004 by Amazon Customer
I'm not sure how many times I've had to deal with this sort of confused analysis. Mr. Kohn is on track on many points, but is about as uninformed of modern behaviorism as he could... Read morePublished on April 27 2004 by Matthew
Alfie Kohn's views on punishment and reward have changed the way I teach and will change the way I parent. This book is an incredible insight to the damaging effects of rewards. Read morePublished on March 7 2004
This book was a watershed for me as a professional manager of people. As most of America, I too was convinced that rewards such as monetary bonuses and the like were the only way... Read morePublished on March 4 2004
Kohn offers research instead of folk wisdom to conclude something seemingly counterintuitive to most folks: rewards actually undermine performance. Why? Read morePublished on June 15 2003 by R. Davison
Most of the reviewers seem to confuse rewards with reinforcers. An extrinsic reward is not guaranteed to be a reinforcer. Read morePublished on April 23 2003 by Kim H. Pries
Alfie Kohn, In his book Punished by Rewards, makes some very useful observations in opposition to using rewards to reinforce behavior. Read morePublished on July 1 2002 by Kris Erskine
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Deque Systems | Software, Training, and Consulting for Web Accessibility and Section 508 Compliance
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Well located and very clean. Good restaurant near. Short walk to the beach. New beds, cabled tv, fridge included. Frendly and welcoming staff . Also providing free internet and calls to Canada. A great deal.
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Preseason Game #6 Preview: Rangers @ Canucks
Dimitri Filipovic
September 26 2013 02:07PM
Hey, I know that guy! (Image via John Minchillo/AP )
A friendly face, depending who you talk to of course, comes back to town tonight as Alain Vigneault and his new squad, the New York Rangers, visit Rogers Arena to face the Canucks.
While speaking with Brad Ziemer this morning, Vigneault said that "fans don't come to see coaches.. I don't think anyone is coming to see me". While that's definitely true, there's no denying that his return is dominating the headlines today. And that's a much needed relief for the Canucks, who haven't provided us with very many positives to discuss over the past few weeks. A distraction is more than welcome right about now.
Tonight's tilt with the Rangers marks the final game of the preseason for the Canucks, meaning that this will be the last chance for fringe guys like Bo Horvat and Hunter Shinkaruk to make an impression on the coaching staff in the hopes of sticking around for the team's opener a week from tonight.
September 25 2013 03:19PM
As the preseason comes to a close and the NHL regular season is squarely on the horizon StreakCred is ready to go with an early bird - $15 for the entire year.
Drawing penalties - Who is good at it on the Canucks?
Cam Charron
September 25 2013 02:59PM
"Draw me like Nazem Kadri draws a tripping penalty" - How the line should have been delivered
This post is mostly related to two vilified wingers of past and future Vancouver Canucks teams, Mason Raymond and David Booth. Both of these players are pretty good at an overlooked part of hockey. At least Raymond was good before his injury sustained in the Finals, but I digress. I've covered Raymond pre-and-post injury enough, and the last thing this website needs is more people talking about how Booth is going to surpass measly expectations.
Powerplay percentages and penalty kill percentages are one thing, but what really matters is how many goals for and against you get in special teams situations. Last year, the Canucks were 8th in PK percentage but 10th in goals against while shorthanded. Why the small discrepancy? Because they took more penalties.
Ouch, That Hertl: Canucks Get Blanked by the Sharks
Dimitri Filipovic
September 24 2013 10:57PM
Andrew Alberts must be a secret agent. It's the only possible explanation for his performance tonight.
The Canucks entered Tuesday night's game in San Jose coming off of an impressive victory against the Coyotes the previous night. Despite a few lineup changes - Higgins, Garrison, and Luongo, most notably - they were still icing a more than competent crew, so there was reason to believe that we'd be treated to a good game.
Early on, the Sedins - reunited with Alex Burrows and it feeeeeeels so goooood - generated a handful of quality chances. They were buzzing. There was also a play where Chris Tanev rang iron with a shot from the point as Jannik Hansen caused a ruckus in front of Antti Niemi.
But then, the direction of the game changed and things sort of went off the rails..
Jensen Train Takes Detour to Utica (Plus An Update on Jordan Schroeder)
Dimitri Filipovic
September 24 2013 02:43PM
Nicklas Jensen is sad, and he doesn't care who knows it. (Image via Flickr )
It appears that the #JensenTrain has been stalled for the time being with the young talented winger reportedly being sent down to Utica to work his way back from a shoulder injury (sustained in last Saturday's game from hell for the Canucks). Meanwhile, Jordan Schroeder, who got hurt in the same game, is expected to miss an extended period of time with an ankle injury that we still don't know very much about.
It's certainly a rough break for both guys, as they each seemed to have a realistic shot at earning a spot on the opening night roster heading into camp.
Some thoughts just past the jump on what that means for both of the young players, and the Canucks, with the regular season opener in San Jose being just over a week away.


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The Chippewa Valley Big Reds softball team won Tuesday's away playoff game against Utica Ford by a score of 7-3.
(May 29, 2012: Sterling Heights, MI 48313) In Tuesday's non-league contest, the Chippewa Valley Big Reds (Clinton Township, MI) softball team the host Utica Ford Falcons (Sterling Heights, MI), by a margin of 7-3.
With the triumph, Chippewa Valley moves its record to 2-5 on the year. The Big Reds host Grosse Pointe North (Grosse Pointe, MI) to play the Norsemen in a non-league match on Wednesday, May 30. The Norsemen go into the match with a record of 0-5.
With the loss, Utica Ford moves to 22-11 on the season.


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Science historian Weart: "We've never before seen a set of people accuse an entire community of scientists of deliberate deception and other professional malfeasance. Even the tobacco companies never tried to slander legitimate cancer researchers."
Spencer Weart: My most interesting conversations were with historians who have been studying the history of the tobacco companies that did their best, and quite successfully for many years, to cover up the fact that smoking kills people by the million. Some interesting parallels, but…
So begins a fascinating interview of Weart on the illegally hacked emails by Capital Weather Gang's Andrew Freedman. Dr. Weart is a physicist and science historian with the American Institute of Physics.
Weart's website, "The Discovery of Global Warming," is one of the places to start if you're interested in getting the basics of climate science. Based on the comments posted on CP, RealClimate, WUWT, DotEarth, etc., I think it's safe to say that the overwhelming majority of the self-proclaimed "skeptics" (aka those who've been duped by the professional disinformers) haven't even bothered to look at the most basic scientific evidence on human-caused global warming.
And the majority of the professional disinformers simply have no regard whatsoever for basic science or an evidence-based search for the truth — which is why they keep pushing talking points that have long been debunked in the scientific literature (see, for instance, Scientists advising fossil fuel funded anti-climate group concluded in 1995: "The scientific basis for the Greenhouse Effect and the potential impact of human emissions of GHGs such as CO2 on climate is well established and cannot be denied").
But as science historian Weart tells Freedman — spreading disinformation about science is nothing new. What is new is the slander of both individual scientists and the entire scientific community:
Andrew Freedman: What effects do you think this will have on public perceptions of climate science and climate scientists?
Spencer Weart: I don't expect this to have much impact on public perceptions of climate and climate scientists. Opinions have become so fixed that it would take serious evidence to shift a significant number of people. Since the late 1980s, just about every year and sometimes almost every month, a group of people (mostly the same ones) have exclaimed, "Now in these latest (whatever) we finally have proof that there is no need to worry about climate change!" There is a segment of the public that has believed every new claim. The rest will continue to doubt such claims in the absence of truly solid proof.
AF: What do you think this story reveals about the conduct of climate science?
SW: Back around 2000 leading climate scientists talked to each other mostly about their science–debating one another's data and analysis and negotiating travel, collaboration and other administration–and a little bit about policy. As time passed they have had to spend more and more of their time answering criticism of the scientific results already established, criticism mostly based on ignorance, fallacious reasoning, and even deliberately deceptive claims. Still more recently they have had to spend far too much of their time defending their personal reputations against ignorant or slanderous attacks.
The theft and use of the emails does reveal something interesting about the social context. It's a symptom of something entirely new in the history of science: Aside from crackpots who complain that a conspiracy is suppressing their personal discoveries, we've never before seen a set of people accuse an entire community of scientists of deliberate deception and other professional malfeasance.
Even the tobacco companies never tried to slander legitimate cancer researchers. In blogs, talk radio and other new media, we are told that the warnings about future global warming issued by the national science academies, scientific societies, and governments of all the leading nations are not only mistaken, but based on a hoax, indeed a conspiracy that must involve thousands of respected researchers.
Extraordinary and, frankly, weird. Climate scientists are naturally upset, exasperated, and sometimes goaded into intemperate responses… but that was already easy to see in their blogs and other writings.
Guess the tobacco companies just weren't as clever and ruthless as the big fossil fuel polluters and their allies (see On the 150th anniversary of first commerical U.S. well, the oil industry is headed toward oblivion "" and trying to take civilization down with it and Obama takes on the anti-scientific delayers, while Australia's Rudd slams the "deniers" and the "gaggle" of "conspiracy theorists" opposing climate action).
AF: For a science historian such as yourself, how valuable are these emails? And what is your impression of them thus far?
SW: There would be a lot to learn if the owner of these emails (I suppose the University) would release them for analysis; for example, you could run up statistics on the types of interchanges and the structure of networks of discussion among researchers. Of course no scholar can make use of stolen material, and in particular one cannot legally or ethically quote a private message without the explicit permission of the writer.
Historians do often work with collections of letters that have been donated to archives. Typically we spend countless hours trying to understand the context; scholarly reputations have been ruined by interpretations that turned out to be mistaken. The risk of misinterpretation is far greater with emails, written so much more casually than letters. Our society is having difficulty dealing with this new form of communication. Look at last week's verdict on the Bear Sterns hedge fund managers who were accused of misleading investors. The prosecutrs based their case on a few seemingly incriminating sentences drawn from a mass of emails. When the jury saw the whole set of emails, they quickly found that there was no crime, just ordinary business chatter. From what I've seen, I expect that will be the verdict on the climate scientists' emails.
Precisely — see Reuters: "ANALYSIS-Hacked climate e-mails awkward, not game changer."
Related Post:
- Rep. Jay Inslee slams SuperFreakonomics: "People are still trying to write books to deceive the American public" on climate science.
- Diagnosing a victim of anti-science syndrome (ASS)
- Here's what we know so far: CRU's emails were hacked, the 2000s will easily be the hottest decade on record, and the planet keeps warming thanks to us!
- Newtongate: The final nail in the coffin of Renaissance and Enlightenment "thinking"
- Competitive Enterprise Institute to sue RealClimate blogger over moderation policy
- The newspaper that publishes George Will (and Sarah Palin) editorializes: "Many "" including us "" find global warming deniers' claims irresponsible."
- UK Guardian: "To stop a climate catastrophe "¦ Scientists must stop sanitising their message"
29 Responses to Science historian Weart: "We've never before seen a set of people accuse an entire community of scientists of deliberate deception and other professional malfeasance. Even the tobacco companies never tried to slander legitimate cancer researchers."
This is the industry's Katrina. Tobacco also hid data and unfavorable studies.
This whole thing is kind of depressing, both as climate-realist (is that the opposite term to climate-denier?) and as a scientist. I hope Spencer Weart is right, and that it won't have a lasting effect, but I've already heard from people with a general (and rational) interest in climate change, that don't follow all the fine details, wondering what is going on.
Joe, I don't know how advertising works on blog sites. I noticed today as I read your blog that McDonalds is advertising on your site. Given the links to articles about how much greenhouse gasses are emitted by the beef industry, it seem strange to have McDonalds advertising on your blog. Do you have control over this?
This will have an impact. I interact with some people who are already strongly (and ideologically) "convinced" that climate change isn't real. This e-mail thing just gives them another sort of "proof" (in their minds) that they are right. AND, there are many people "on the fence" who are being influenced by the "doubts" raised by the e-mails, supposedly.
[JR: I have no doubt that those who will not be convinced by scientific evidence will continue not to be convinced, but add this to the general crap they push. I doubt it will have much effect on anyone else.]
So, I think it would be unsound and naive to think that the e-mail hack won't have an impact. And, when a group of people lose any hesitation about doing stuff like this, who knows what will be next?
So, the answer is not to "think" that it won't matter and "hope" that it just goes away. The best defense is a good offense.
At this point, the authorities should find and prosecute the e-mail hackers and anyone who hired or paid them to do it. And, people should bring suits against companies like ExxonMobil. And, people should boycott companies like ExxonMobil, Koch, and etc. And, people should also boycott specific news organizations if those news organizations don't give us the basic facts and do a much better job of covering the whole climate change issue. And so forth.
And, scientists should speak up, period.
[JR: That's why I'm printing what scientists like UK Royal Academy, Weart, Mann, Curry, Trenberth, and so on say.]
The e-mail hacking is an escalation — and not an unimportant one — in a battle over science and "fact", and indeed responsibility. One side has basically (and already) divorced itself from any genuine interest in those things. And, the other side needs to defend those things and implement them in a way that addresses the real problems of climate change and energy. It's not a small task. But, "hope" is not nearly enough.
It frustrates me (to put it mildly) when people ignore science and responsible behavior. Doing so, in this case, is no laughing matter.
Be Well,
Big tobacco is nothing compared to these stakes.
It is easy to see any short-sighted carbon investor seeing AGW as the greatest threat to their investment. Worth any investment to erase the obstacle to a multi-trillion dollar industry.
Why are we surprised by this applied agnotology? A business decision.
"… we've never before seen a set of people accuse an entire community of scientists of deliberate deception and other professional malfeasance"
I have also followed the debate on "intelligent design" and while the scale (quantity and high profile) of these accusations is unique, the same wholesale accusation of malfeasance has been evident in that debate.
This trend, calling all scientists liars and claiming the process doesn't work, is worrying and I expect we'll continue to see it until in quits working.
I expect that education is the best remedy, but the political resistance makes that difficult or impossible.
Website's like this help people like me. Thanks.
The tobacco industry did sick the FBI on one early researcher in passive smoking. He was working on his own time with equipment and data from sources other than his government job. A senator had the FBI invade his official office to find evidence that he was actually doing the tobacco work at his place of employment. (He wasn't).
The researcher's commented he'd have preferred beautiful women. (Refering to GM's attack to destroy Ralph Nader's credibility by planting models at his apartment swimming pool to seduce him.)
Although the tobacco companies never did it, there is one group that often does accuse an entire community of scientists of deliberate deception and other professional malfeasance. The evolution deniers.
They often accuse science of ignoring their "proof" and deliberately misleading people. Evolution deniers regularly try and pervert and stop scientific debate.
The biggest difference between the evolution and climate debates is how the scientists respond.
Geneticists and molecular biologists don't let deniers join the debate about how evolution works. They would not tolerate papers published in peer reviewed journals that suggest that maybe evolution wasn't real. If any journal published such an article the editor would be fired.
But for some reason, some climatologists think deniers should be allowed into the debate.
To equate a "denier" and a "skeptic" is something only a clime scientists would do. They are very different things and not hard to tell apart.
Every scientist should do everything they can to ostracize deniers, whether they are scientists or paid spokesmen. The anti-science crowd should never be treated as if they were just taking another side in a scientific debate.
To Joe, Regarding My Comment 4:
Joe, thanks for your comments in my Comment 4. I appreciate all the great work that you do, of course, and my Comment 4 wasn't meant to critique any of that. Also, I agree with most of what your comments (in Comment 4) suggest.
But, I disagree with one thing, if I understand one of your comments correctly. I think that this sort of e-mail hacking thing (and how it is covered in the media) will have an impact, to a degree, on a not-insubstantial number of people who are "on the fence" and who don't yet understand climate change OR science itself.
I realize that (if I understand your comment correctly) you have a different view on that, saying that you "doubt it will have much effect on anyone else". But, the reality (of whether it will or won't) is, like many other matters, subject to empirical understanding; or, put another way, there are our hunches, and then there is some reality to the matter. I've come across a few fence-sitters who are influenced by such things, quite a bit. So, my data set, so far, suggests that these things DO matter and CAN matter, sometimes at least.
I'm not suggesting a whole study or anything, nor should we waste time talking about what has already happened. But, my point is that we shouldn't merely "hope" or "hunch" that these things don't matter, if doing so causes us to take them too lightly or to avoid having a good "offense".
Thanks again for your comments.
[JR: I appreciate your comments. While I can get as focused on the blogosphere as anyone else, this sort of thing really doesn't bubble up to the vast majority of people "sitting on the fence" who simply don't pay attention to this kind of news. They'll probably see the news coming from Copenhagen and then when Obama gives various speeches and the Senate debate, but fundamentally public opinion doesn't change that rapidly and this is not the kind of thing to move it. BUT I fully agree that this is an opportunity for climate scientists to come out from behind their desks and start explaining the science to people, and I'll probably do a blog post on that this week.]
Here's one report, detailing ExxonMobil funding for a network of climate change deniers:
Smoke, Mirrors & Hot Air
How ExxonMobil Uses Big Tobacco's Tactics to Manufacture Uncertainty on Climate Science
In an effort to deceive the public about the reality
of global warming, ExxonMobil has underwritten
the most sophisticated and most successful
disinformation campaign since the tobacco industry
misled the public about the scientific evidence
linking smoking to lung cancer and heart disease.
As this report documents, the two disinformation
campaigns are strikingly similar. ExxonMobil has
drawn upon the tactics and even some of the
organizations and actors involved in the callous
disinformation campaign the tobacco industry
waged for 40 years. Like the tobacco industry,
ExxonMobil has:
• Manufactured uncertainty by raising doubts
about even the most indisputable scientific
• Adopted a strategy of information laundering
by using seemingly independent front organizations
to publicly further its desired message
and thereby confuse the public.
• Promoted scientific spokespeople who misrepresent
peer-reviewed scientific findings or
cherry-pick facts in their attempts to persuade
the media and the public that there is still
serious debate among scientists that burning
fossil fuels has contributed to global warming
and that human-caused warming will have
serious consequences.
• Attempted to shift the focus away from meaningful
action on global warming with misleading
charges about the need for "sound science."
• Used its extraordinary access to the Bush
administration to block federal policies and
shape government communications on global
Here's a link to the Greenpeace site ExxonSecrets, detailing some of the structure of this network:
ExxonMobil is fighting for its life, here. Apparently, nothing is off the table in their efforts to derail Copenhagen.
> "I doubt it will have much effect on anyone else … this sort of thing really doesn't bubble up to the vast majority of people "sitting on the fence""
I agree with Jeff and disagree with Joe (who said the above). The deniers are loud, and we don't have a hope in hell that the public won't hear them. And this episode is a "poisoning the well" tactic, that undercuts any "nothing in the emails undercuts the evidence" rejoinder.
The public is listening with half an ear at best, and hearing a cacophony, and we need to clean up that signal, or their signal processing, in order for them to have confidence in what the science is saying.
[JR: But that is MY point! How does this move the needle?]
As for "I doubt…" – that assertion has a faith-based feel to it; we need empirical data. What keeps us from assembling a "readers circle" of nearly-randomly-chosen consumers of various news media, and surveying them to find out their views, thoughts, understandings and wishes?
Would the norgs be willing to cooperate on this? (if not, we should still be able to find at least newspaper subscribers through other means – papers on driveways, for one…TV might be harder though.)
Weart has articulated what Judith Curry doesn't seem to get – try as you my to treat them as legitimate sincere "skeptics", the "denier-carbon industrial-right wing blogosphere" crowd is pushing a strategy to completely discredit an entire field of science. Their strategy is entirely negative.
It doesn't seem clear that either Jeff / Anna's proposition or Joe's can be proven. Only time will tell if the Fossil Fuel industry will do serious damage to science. The fact that it's quite possible should be a wakeup call. From my perspective as a communication / cognitive science junkie it's been far too long in coming.
I believe the way forward for climate scientists is to put a robust communication infrastructure in place.
We live in a country in which commercial interests have a love – hate relationship with scientific inquiry. When science is good for the bottom line the "interests" are happy. We now have a corporate messaging strategy that is picking off scientists one at a time. It's fairly easy to guess when and what their next attacks will be – during Copenhagen. They'll probably use the line that "foreigners want to push America into radical changes that threaten our pocketbooks". There will be many variations of this message, each tailored to a target audience.
With a robust communication infrastructure in place it would be easy to smack down these nationalistic and zenophobic messages, simply by exposing them for their core beliefs.
Most scientists believe that data and facts will clear the air and rescue them from further attack. They believe that more facts will persuade a skeptical public. Cognitive science, linguistics, and political science all disagree. The human brain and communities are not motivated by facts. They're motivated by a shared understanding of values and emotions. It's time for "scientists" to listen to scientists.
For any readers of this log who are interested in a positive communication strategy there are two excellent resources that make a good starting point: Sightline Institute's "Flashcards" – start with Flashcard #2. And 'Made to Stick' by Prof. Chip Heath, Stanford, and Dan Heath, his brother.
Last night an acquaintance of mine described a trip to China to explore their sustainable energy initiatives. He was awestruck by how far ahead China is and how inspirational the Zero-Carbon new cities and Zero-Carbon rural homes were. Endless hot water and free lighting – does this sound like a vision for the future? They're leapfrogging the fossil fuel model and arriving at the future technology.
Take that George Will! (And Senator Inhofe…)
Scientists, with rare exceptions, may not be the best ones to engage the deniers and the general public. When confronted with the typically nonsensical arguments by people such as Michaels or McIntyre, a climatologist becomes discombobulated. It's as if a gang of five year olds burst into a serious adult discussion: there are few common points of reference.
At the same time, I don't think we should mimic the tactics of Exxon et al and hire PR firms that are adept at pushing people's buttons, and are indifferent about the truth. What we need are spokespeople who are fearless, intelligent, honest, and articulate. Included in this job description should be a willingness to call professional paid deniers out to be the lying scoundrels that they are, in restrained language, of course. There are few reporters can do it, and network anchors and reporters are no longer comfortable with reality based journalism. Wallace is too old, and Rather has been the target of a successful smear campaign over the Bush National Guard episode. Olbermann is too intense, and so on.
Weart did this well in his contribution here, and you are good at this too, Joe. Unfortunately, for every one of you there are hundreds of scientists who feel soiled by the whole enterprise, and just want to go back to their laboratories. And as a poster pointed out, a well thought out communications infrastructure is required. Climate blogs are great, but the audience they reach is limited.
This effort would particularly include good radio and TV interviewees, and a large group of advocates who are prepared to take their case to the media. For example, when George Will writes climate nonsense in the Post, outrage should be a lot more formidably expressed than through a few phone calls and letters to the editor. The issues are, after all, serious.
I have a few ideas among retired generals, politicians and journalists, with a few scientists included, too. The main things are to address the issues squarely and comprehensively at every opportunity, and to be relentless and direct in addressing fraud and financial conflict on the other side. This is all quite doable, and would encourage a team effort from all Americans who've taken the time to study this. We remain a great country, with articulate spokespeople who would be inspired by this effort. Let's see if anyone steps up.
I'll march with Weart, not Curry.
Second try to post this.
Weart's analysis is top notch. He mentions "Even the tobacco companies never tried to slander legitimate cancer researchers." Indeed – this has been a new low. There are a couple of key differences between denial of tobacco effects on health and global warming denial:
1. Mitigation of global warming implies fundamental changes to how we use industry. The tobacco industry, while powerful, is a much smaller confined segment of industry than energy. There is simply much more powerful interests protecting the status quo.
2. Ideological bias – Those addicted to smoking might deny the harmful health effects of their habit. Those addicted to fossil fuels (largely a mental addiction) will want to deny the science on global warming. The latter group is much larger than the former, driven by their irrational fear of government regulation and the thought of someone taking away their habit.
Given how much more powerful and broad the industry and psychological forces that lead to global warming denial is, such a persistent loud slander against science and scientists is not a surprise.
I think Jeff's 1st paragraph (#4) is essentially correct. It's meat for the conspiracy theorists. Contrarians, fully-engaged in mass hysteria on the issue (much of it feigned) will become more zealous. One has to wonder about those "on the fence". How can one be "on the fence" on climate change? It's like being on the fence about the Earth revolving around the Sun, evolution, or smoking and health. Those in this category have not done their homework, and are likely to be easily influenced by misleading rhetoric.
Plus which Fred Singer did label the entire field of damage from passive smoking, "junk science" after the field was well established with thousands of researchers in many fields. And the New York times published this loony attack as a letter.
An anti-enlightment trend in the USA has been noticed by others; more than just anti-science.
As an AGW skeptic, I have been warned that posting here is subject to 'moderation' and, indeed, my writing has been removed on occasion. However, instead of pushing a skeptic's viewpoint, I would like to comment relative to the current situation and how to cope with it.
Mike Roddy (#15) advocates the assembly of competent spokespersons to rally the response to the apparent effect on the populace of the email exposures. A good approach. However, in mentioning the name of Dan Rather as a 'smearee' as opposed to a 'smearer' his bias seems clear and the selection of spokespersons would need to be well thought out. The "60 Minutes" fraud was thoroughly exposed almost before Rather was off the air with the Bush piece.
A better approach by AGW proponents, I think, would be to acknowledge wrongdoing by those who have committed it (if you can agree that such wrongdoing has occurred) and regroup. I feel that this would be a better response than trying to deal directly with the "five year-olds" who are disrupting things.
I am not a climate scientist by any means. I am, however, steeped in the scientific method by virtue of having been an engineer dealing directly with the lives of astronauts engaged in human space flight. I write here only in the cause of scientific integrity and, above all, getting things right.
Many of us older guys thought for a long time that since the New York Times was the publisher of the Pentagon Papers over 30 years ago that they deserved a little slack. It took a little while to figure out what they are now all about.
In fact, there's a reason they're in the same rack as USA Today at Starbucks. That's where you go to get birdcage or catbox liner.
I think the way to approach this problem of paid attacks on scientific integrity is to investigate, investigate, investigate.
Scientists have upon occasionally turned investigative reporter, in the past, as the Union of Concerned Scientists report shows.
If scientists feel threatened by these fossil fuel funded slander campaigns, and they should feel that way, they should join the Union of Concerned Scientists or some other similar investigation, and dig to get to the bottom of the ExxonMobil support network for the deniers.
We know that some sort of denier network was being run out of Senator Inhofe's office by Marc Morano, and that after he left that job he was picked up by a think tank funded by Richard Mellon Scaife, which is no great surprise. He got spanked, and went running home to the Scaife network of conservative foundations, IMO. Likely Morano is still running the denier network, IMO.
Scientists should not wait to have this done to them again. They should counterattack, and investigate, investigate, investigate to do so.
Scientists have money, logical and investigative skills, and communications and networking skills. They should band together, join the ACLU, join the Union of Concerned Scientists, and start putting together investigative reports, not only on the Morano/Inhofe denier network but also on the Scaife network of conservative charitable foundations that supports such far right causes.
Finally, the ExxonMobil/Rockefeller financial empire is long overdue for very, very serious investigation, IMO.
We need to stop taking this sort of thing lying down, and go after this network of fossil fuel corporations, major banks, and charitable right wing foundations that are leading the world to ruin.
Mike Roddy (#15) and All:
Mike, I've been thinking along very similar lines. All true scientists are interested in learning as much about their discipline as they can. They're sincerely interested in reality, facts and truth.
Conversely the most widely-heard deniers are professional arguers, often attorneys or with similar training and skills. They are not interested in the truth, but only in winning their argument.
Most great scientists don't necessarily seem like great communicators to me. It appears difficult for them to empathize with the far lesser knowledge the average member of the public has about their discipline. They have difficulty putting things into plain, accessible language, finding the best and simplest metaphors, and speaking concisely and in sound bytes.
The best science teachers at smaller private liberal arts colleges, community colleges and even high schools are often better at communicating science to the public, who are closer to the level of their students than graduate students or even undergrads in the sciences at major research universities.
Other great communicators in all types of media should also be enlisted.
Then top scientists should be paired or grouped with these best communicators who are dedicated to communicating climate change and effectively rebutting the arguments of deniers.
This is what I'm attempting to do through my infant (though hopefully not infantile) Anthropocene Foundation suggested to me by Paul Ehrlich and supported by scientists like Paul Crutzen, Kevin Trenberth and many others.
Top scientists who are also top communicators: NASA's James Hansen, NCAR's Kevin Trenberth, Stanford's Stephen Schneider (I'd love to know others – please list!)
Expert scientists from other fields who are great at commuicating climate change: Joe Romm (Again, I'd love to know others!)
Expert meteorologists who are great at communicating climate change: The Weather Channel's Stu Ostro (formerly a denier), Huntsville, Alabama's Dan Satterfield.
Journalists: Bill McKibben, Jeff Goodell, Eric Pooley, Andrew Revkin (when focused on the science, not the controversy), Bob Henson of NCAR.
Politicians: Al Gore, Bill Bradbury (running for governor of Oregon, primary disciple of Gore's), Jay Inslee (energy expert in Congress).
Others: Eban Goodstein (Economist at Bard College, creator of "Focus the Nation on Climate change), Toby Dittrich (my partner in our NASA-sponsored on-line class on climate change), Bud Ward (director of the Yale Climate Change Media Forum).
Those with the potential to get this and communicate it: Bill Moyers, Ted Koppel, Dan Rather, etc.
We should all be working together on this, and I hope we do. Your comment about this was very well-written Mike – thanks.
I agree with Weart here that the stakes are enormous – and the attacks on individual scientists are 'scorched earth'. I notice that he uses the term slander – and I am sure that is intentional as it also is a legal term. I hope the victims of this slander are considering civil action against the perpetrators.
From Wikipedia:
In law, defamation—also called calumny, vilification, slander (for spoken words), and libel (for written or otherwise published words)—is the communication of a statement that makes a claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, that may give an individual, business, product, group, government or nation a negative image. It is usually, but not always,[1] a requirement that this claim be false and that the publication is communicated to someone other than the person defamed (the claimant).
In common law jurisdictions, slander refers to a malicious, false and defamatory spoken statement or report, while libel refers to any other form of communication such as written words or images. Most jurisdictions allow legal actions, civil and/or criminal, to deter various kinds of defamation and retaliate against groundless criticism.
This is so hopelessly complicated.
In this case, to actively, deliberately encourage misinformation and doubt is to [snip]. Isn't it?
But we can't accuse those who passively, silently ignore the issue of committing the same crime….And then there are so many of us who know the seriousness of the issue but fail to speak out.
And a few just enjoy the carbon wealth and want to keep it going as long as possible, without any concern for the future. But they may not have direct malice.
The big sin is to deliberately harbor wrong science, and then promote it too. This is a very familiar action in our culture – readily seen in the collection of old tobacco advertisements http://lane.stanford.edu/tobacco/index.html
Science historians and all of us should scrutinize this time. We have done all this before. And we should not make the same mistake again.
Joe, thanks for restraining my extreme speech above.
If you will permit a revision, I would like to resubmit my statement to be:
"to actively, deliberately encourage misinformation and doubt is to encourage mass extinction."
This is essentially saying that exhorting the world to ignore the science that reveals a danger means possible extinction.
I can accept your request for careful language but I see nothing in the climate models that say this is impossible.
[JR: Oh, the IPCC says 3.5 C warming would wipe out 40% to 70% of all species, so there is little doubt that would face mass extinction on our current emissions path.]
Science historian Weart said: "… we've never before seen a set of people accuse an entire community of scientists of deliberate deception and other professional malfeasance."
Not true. Parapsychologists have been routinely subjected for decades to baseless accusations of "deliberate deception and other professional malfeasance" from organized groups of obstinate denialists masquerading as "skeptics".
Many people feel quite comfortable denouncing parapsychology as "bunk" when in fact they know less about modern parapsychological research than the Ditto-Head global warming deniers know about climate science.
[JR: Uhh, not a good analogy.]
Parapsychology has no body of knowledge. Some parapsychology work showed promise, but it's mostly not been subjected to rigorous analysis. As far as anyone can tell, it's either a failed research program, a bankrupt research program, or a currently un-doable research program. Whether the truth is out there or not, a person with, e.g., a physics degree or statistics or psychology or what have you would not have a reasonable expectation of published results if they chose to devote their time and career to parapsychology of any sort.
That's why it's fringe science – and most fringe science is denialist, unfortunately.
Marion Delgado wrote: "Parapsychology has no body of knowledge. Some parapsychology work showed promise, but it's mostly not been subjected to rigorous analysis."
An extended, substantive discussion of parapsychology would certainly be off-topic, not to mention that it would be futile to begin one with the 28th comment on a three-day-old discussion thread which probably no one is looking at any more.
Having said that, and with all due respect, I submit to you that both of your statements are quite incorrect and reflect a lack of knowledge of the field — not unlike similar statements about the status of climate science that are often made just as confidently by people who haven't really studied the science but already "know" that it is bunk because that's what they've been told by organized, so-called "skeptic" groups.
That's the parallel I was suggesting between attitudes towards parapsychology and climate science: they both come under attack from ideologues who have an a priori ideological opposition to their findings, or even to their very subject matter, and are most strenuously and vociferously denounced and rejected by the very people who know least about them.
If you are genuinely interested in learning about modern parapsychology I recommend two books by Dean Radin, Ph.D — "The Conscious Universe" and "Entangled Minds" — which give a history and an overview of modern parapsychology research and the scientific evidence for so-called "psi" phenomena.


text:
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Nonfatal drug overdoses are common among heroin users. While several factors that increase risk of overdose have been identified, there is little research on the role of mental health status. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and history of overdose. A sample of 729 opiate and cocaine users completed a cross-sectional survey. Of the sample, 65% reported never having overdosed, 31% had overdosed longer than 12 months before the interview, and 4% had overdosed within the past 12 months. Results indicate that a high score on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a measure of depressive symptoms, was associated with having overdosed within the past 12 months (relative risk ratio [RRR]=3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 7.05) after adjusting for age, gender, injection frequency, and physical health impairment. These results suggest that drug users with depressive symptoms should be targeted for overdose prevention programs.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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I had the chance to stay one week at this B&B and had a wonderful time there. Though my stay was in cold december Bruce and Celine made sure I had a warm stay in Winnipeg. Everything is cosy, very clean and the breakfast was my favorite part of the day : every morning you are sure to get new and different fresh bakeries/fruits. This is very spacious and cosy at the same time, you are sure to really feel at home. The location is very nice, in Osborne village you are close to everything you need and parking at night is very convenient. Beside that, Bruce ad Celine are very welcoming and always helpful to share stories and nice talks with you. I will keep really good memories from my stay and when I am back in town I will make sure to come back again!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- A charming, comfortable and elegant century two-storey house situated at the corner of Wellington Crescent and Wardlaw Ave, in the heart of Osborne Village, voted Canada's best neighborhood. Walking distance from attractions, business, shopping, downtown and Corydon Avenue, which offer specialty shopping, and a variety of the best restaurants in town. Three quaint and large bedrooms plus a useful tiny one, two original bathrooms, one on the second floor and one more private in the basement, a comfortable living room with a big screen TV and a nice kitchen for your convenience. It is also possible to rent the house for a short time. Other features include wireless Internet, central air conditioning, robes, hair dryer, laundry room and iron board. An outside sitting area is also available. While traveling, if you like to feel at home away from home, La Chaumière du Village Bed and Breakfast is the perfect place for you. ... more less
- Also Known As:
- La Chaumiere Du Village B&B Winnipeg, Manitoba


text:
Hello, Michael here,
Gary McGraw, CTO at Cigital, recently interviewed Steve Lipner as Gary kicked off his "Reality Check Security Podcast" series. I think podcasts like this are important because they help learn from others' experiences.
For those that don't know Gary, he's been involved in software security for years, and has written plenty of excellent books on the subject. He also plays a mean fiddle.
Finally, Cigital is a member of the Microsoft SDL Pro Network.


text:
DALLAS -- The Mets have been one of the busiest teams in baseball this offseason, and pitcher Kris Benson could be the next New York player on the move.
General manager Omar Minaya called Benson from the winter meetings on Tuesday to discuss the trade speculation that's become a hot topic.
"I'm getting calls on him," Minaya said. "His name is out there. It's a hot name right now."
Minaya said he just wanted to touch base with Benson and let him know what was going on, something he's done with other players mentioned in trade talks -- including left fielder Cliff Floyd. But the GM did not give Benson any assurances that he would not be traded.
"My policy is one that if a team wants to talk about a player, I'm willing to listen," Minaya said.
The Baltimore Orioles are one team the Mets have talked to about Benson, who went 10-8 with a 4.13 ERA in 28 starts for New York last season. Drafted No. 1 overall by Pittsburgh in 1996, he was acquired in a trade with the Pirates in July 2004.
Benson signed a $22.5 million, three-year contract with the Mets before last season. Hampered by injuries throughout his career, the 31-year-old right-hander is 57-61 with a 4.25 ERA in six major-league seasons.
The Mets have added slugging first baseman Carlos Delgado, All-Star closer Billy Wagner, catcher Paul Lo Duca and backup outfielder Tike Redman in the past two weeks. Last month, they traded right fielder Mike Cameron to San Diego for utilityman Xavier Nady.
"They are, to me right now, one of the most complete teams in baseball," San Francisco Giants manager Felipe Alou said.
Minaya is still looking to stock New York's bench with versatile players and upgrade the bullpen, though it sounds unlikely that free-agent reliever Braden Looper would return in a setup role. Minaya said he has not spoken with Looper's agent lately. The right-hander was 4-7 with a 3.94 ERA and 28 saves in 36 chances as the team's closer last season.
Minaya said he has spoken to the agent for 41-year-old right-hander Roberto Hernandez, who did a nice job as a setup man last season. Hernandez was 8-6 with a 2.58 ERA and four saves in 67 games.
"I think they see the market for relievers being dragged north and they want to attach themselves to that," Minaya said.
Mets officials also had a meeting with the Boston Red Sox on Monday and discussed slugger Manny Ramirez. The Mets are waiting for the Red Sox to get back to them with what it would take to put together a deal for the 2004 World Series MVP, who wants out of Boston.
New York also might like to trade disappointing second baseman Kazuo Matsui and perhaps replace him with a free agent such as Mark Grudzielanek.


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The welder who saved Christmas
The welder who saved Christmas
December 5, 2008
Dan Davis
Not too many people know the tale of Holslag, the elf welder who saved Christmas. Ol" St. Nick and his merry band of flying reindeer get most of the press, but the tale of ol" Holslag deserves to be shared for all to remember and
You see, on this particular frigid Christmas Eve, St. Nick"s sleigh had a major problem: The golden runners
underneath the cherry-red sleigh had snapped off under the weight of all the presents to be distributed across the
world. The head foreman elf overseeing the loading project that night claimed the sleigh collapsed after loading all
the DVD copies of
John Ratzenberger"s Made in America
first-season television series, but that was never substantiated.
No matter how it happened, the sleigh needed to be repaired. Upon notification of his prized vehicle"s plight, St. Nick summarily responded, Well, find the elf in charge of metal fabricating repairs. The elves in St. Nick"s prep
room—which sort of looks like a CNN news studio except the elves don"t wear suits, but they do look like
Wolf Blitzer
—stared back at the man in red. However, the jolly ol" soul wasn"t in a particularly cheery mood with his mite-sized minions just
staring back at him. Is there a problem? he asked.
The foreman elf, named George, stepped forward and said that there was no elf in charge of metal fabricating. In
fact, with the huge shift to plastic toys and video games, North Pole officials decided that with the dwindling
demand for metal toys that they should shift all metal fabricating activities to Mexico to cut costs and allow the
elves to concentrate on consumer goods that more and more people on the nice list demanded. That meant more elves
working in software programming, consumer electronics development, and costume jewelry marketed by Suzanne Somers
and Joan Rivers.
Surely, someone here must have some metal fabricating skills, even if they haven"t welded in some time, St. Nick
wondered aloud.
Sorry, Santa, George replied. Many of the elves that worked in metal fabricating were close to retirement when
the decision was made to shift those activities south. A majority of them retired down to Florida and work part-time
for Disney. The younger ones moved down to a condo development outside Monterrey, Mexico, where they oversee our operations.
Can"t we call the North Pole Academy of the Toy-Making Arts to see if they might be able to put us in touch with
recent graduates from their welding program? St. Nick asked.
Wow, this is getting awkward, foreman George said. The North Pole Board of Education actually shut down the
welding program about five years ago. They complained about lack of interest in the school and the industrial arts
classes needed more modern equipment. Welding fumes that emanated from the classrooms during the day were making the
reindeer woozy.
St. Nick needed that sleigh fixed. Woozy or not, those reindeer often had a mind of their own, and those runners
helped cushion their rough landings. Additionally, Santa had just had the sleigh painted and detailed; he needed
those runners attached to keep his finish free of deformations.
Meanwhile a messenger elf named Holslag skated up on his roller blades to drop off the delivery schedule for the
night. Dude, who wrecked the ride? he questioned.
Holslag, we got to get these runners attached to the sleigh, and we"ve got to do it in a hurry. We don"t have time for explanations as to how we got here, George said.
My dad"s got an awesome set of tools. I can fix it, Holslag said. You should see the extra runners I put on my
HillTopper 500. I was ridin" high on some wicked hills yesterday.
Shouldn"t you have been in school? St. Nick asked.
I think we had a snow day, Holslag replied.
We"ve got to get this sleigh on its way, St. Nick said. Holslag, with your mad welding skills out of sight, won"t you rebuild my sleigh tonight?
Sure, the welding beads weren"t the greatest, and finding the right filler metal to use with that space-age aluminum
alloy used to construct the sleigh required some time-consuming research, but Holslag got the job done.
Upon his return, St. Nick led the movement to open up a small fab shop where Holslag and hand-picked apprentice
elves could work on prototype metal toys and make metal repairs where needed. St. Nick soon discovered that he could quickly turn around requests for unique toys in small volumes, and North Pole officials were pleased with the
elimination of costly rush shipments from Mexico.
Then all the other elves loved him, as they shouted out with glee. Holslag the welding elf skater, one day you"ll be in
The FABRICATOR
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I was convicted of a DUI two and half years ago, and today I received a bill in the mail from the highway patrol attempting to collect $750 from me for costs associated with their time and my incarceration. There was no emergency, I had a flat tire and was waiting for AAA to show when a sheriff pulled up. They then called the highway patrol to transport me to the hospital for blood work then to jail. They also mailed this letter on the 20th of march, and expect payment on the 18th of April. What is the best response to this and how do I avoid paying it?
Criminal Defense Attorney
This appears to be for the cost of law enforcement and was not ordered by the Judge as restitution. You can ignore it and chances are quite low they will pursue the matter given the low amount. Good luck.
Administrative Law Lawyer
They have started to do this more and more, likely due to the fact that California is broke. If the Judge did not order this as Restitution, you are clear unless they sue you in Small Claims Court.
Seth Weinstein, Esq.
Southern California Criminal Defense Attorney
(310) 707-7131
This reply should NOT be considered a legal opinion of your case / inquiry. At this time I do not have sufficient factual/legal documentation to give a complete answer to your question and there may be more to the issues you raised then I have set out in my brief reply.
Criminal Defense Attorney
Unless it was ordered by the judge as restitution, you are not under a legal obligation. They may have a right to sue you.
Confidential information should not be disclosed in this Internet forum. Click on the "More..." link for IMPORTANT INFORMATION about this AVVO Answer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I am an experienced Wisconsin lawyer. The laws in each jurisdiction can be very different. I cannot give legal advice over the internet nor can I establish an attorney client relationship with you. You should NOT assume or otherwise conclude that there is an attorney -client relationship between any reader and this writer or his firm. These comments are only guideposts. They are not subject to any privilege protections. Indeed, these internet communications are neither privileged nor confidential. Accordingly, those using this form of communication need to be guarded in what they write. Because of the nature of these communications the information is general only and should not be relied upon in any specific case. This internet site is public forum, where the communications are not confidential or privileged. There may very well be merit to your defense or position in this type of situation. However, there are hardly sufficient details for an attorney to provide you with some path to follow. It is imperative that ALL of the facts in a particular situation be examined. No conclusion can be drawn from the communication that you have provided. There are some matters that are just better handled by an attorney familiar with the procedures of the courts in your area. Most, if not all, legal matters should not be handled via internet communication. At best, the responders on this site can give you a few hints and guidance. To deal with a legal problem, nothing is better than to consult with a lawyer who will give you some time and advice. If you cannot afford an attorney, there should be agencies in your area that can provide discounted, or even free, legal services. For a definitive answer you should seek legal advice from an attorney who (1) is licensed to practice in the state which has jurisdiction; (2) has experience in the area of law you are asking about, and (3) has been retained as your attorney for representation or consultation. Your question and the attorney's answer may be used for promotional or educational purposes.
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text:
If you have a little one on the go at home, you know all about the importance of child-proofing your house. This is where the Roving Cove Safe Edge & Corner Cushions come in. The soft edge and corner cushions in this kit protect roaming kids from bumping their heads against the corners of tables. To cover up the entire edge of the surface, this kit has a 15-foot edge cushion that can also curve around round tables and surfaces. The kit includes easy-to-peel 3M double-sided tape, 15 feet of edge cushion, and four corner cushions. The installation directions are very easy to follow.
When you have a little child walking and running through your home, stairs, corners, side tables, chests, and almost every item become a hazard. These soft cushions help absorb a bit of the impact in case your child does run into one of these objects.
The Roving Cove Safe Edge & Corner Cushions are not age-graded because they are not toys. These are child safety items designed for use by parents.
The 3M tape might peel the surface paint off your furniture, so it's recommended that you test a corner before you commit.
Viaro Quick-Fold Travel System (Teak)
from Chicco
Lamaze Mix and Match Caterpillar
from TOMY
Pacifier Wipes
from MAM
Lamaze Soft Chime Garden
from TOMY
Disney Baby Minnie Mouse Orthodontic Bottles
from Nuk
Count and Crawl Kitty
from LeapFrog
The Bib
from Ah Goo Baby
Comfort Curve Bouncer
from Fisher-Price
Boho Nursing Scarf
from Logan + Lenora
Lamaze Clip & Go Captain Calamari
from TOMY


text:
Martin Mcgoey's Reviews > Everything's Eventual: 14 Dark Tales
Everything's Eventual: 14 Dark Tales
by Stephen King (Goodreads Author)
by Stephen King (Goodreads Author)
Martin Mcgoey's review
bookshelves: horror, stephen-king
Jul 29, 2011
bookshelves: horror, stephen-king
For being a writer who's latest tendency is to repeat himself, there is a lot of fresh material here. Also of note is a short story involving Roland of Gilead. If you like DT, at the very least read this story.
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text:
Purdue Pharma L.P. et al. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.; Purdue Pharma L.P. et al. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
Case Number: 1:13-cv-04606-SHS; 1:14-cv-02357-SHS -
Teva settled with plaintiffs in two...more
- OxyContin Patents Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Patents Teva Pharmaceuticals
Intellectual Ventures I LLC, et al. v. Citigroup, Inc., et al.
Case Number: 1:14-cv-04638 -
Citigroup moved to stay this case, which involved five patents related to cyber security and the protection of customer...more
- Citigroup Patent Litigation Patent-in-Suit Patents
TNS Media Research, LLC (d/b/a) Kantar Media Audiences and Cavendish Square Holding, B.V.
Case Number: 1:11-cv-04039-SAS -
Following Judge Scheindlin's finding this case exceptional, the parties stipulated to an...more
- Attorney's Fees Exceptional Case Patent Litigation Patents
Lumen View Technology LLC v. Findthebest.com
Case Number: 1:13-cv-03599-DLC
Having denied Lumen View's motion for reconsideration of a finding that this case is exceptional...more
- Attorney's Fees Exceptional Case Patent Litigation Patents
Baseball Quick, LLC v. MLB Advanced Media L.P.
Case Number: 1:11-cv-01735-KBF -
Judge Forrest granted summary judgment of non-infringement of claims for producing a highlight video of a baseball game....more
- Baseball Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents Sports Summary Judgment Video Recordings
Celltrion Healthcare Co., Ltd. et al. v. Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research; Hospira, Inc. v. Janssen Biotech, Inc. et al.
Case Number: 1:14-cv-02256; 1:14-cv-07049
On the same day, Judge Crotty granted two...more
- Biosimilars BPCIA Declaratory Judgments Dispute Resolution FDA Patent Litigation Patents
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Merus B.V.
Case Number: 1:14-cv-01650-KBF
Judge Forrest, having determined that Regeneron's production of a memorandum discussing prior art was a waiver of attorney-client...more
- Attorney-Client Privilege Patent Litigation Patents Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Patents Prior Art
Blue Spike, LLC v. Soundmouse Ltd -
Case Number: 1:14-cv-02243 -
Judge McMahon, addressing the territorial reach of "use" within the United States under Section 271, granted in part and denied in part Defendant...more
- Extraterritoriality Rules Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents
Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Grüenthal GmbH v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Barr Laboratories, Inc.
Case Number: 1:12-cv-08060-TPG-GWG -
Teva delayed more than one year between answering a complaint...more
- Endo Pharmaceuticals Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Patents Teva Pharmaceuticals
Enzo Biochem, Inc. et al. v. Molecular Probes, Inc.
Case Number: (1:03-cv-03816-RJS) -
Judge Sullivan denied Enzo's request to reconsider the court's claim construction of U.S. Patent No. 5,449,767 ("Modified...more
- Claim Construction Patent Litigation Patents USPTO
Intellectual Ventures II LLC v. JP Morgan Chase & Co., et al.
Case Number: 1:13-cv-03777-AKH -
Judge Hellerstein disposed of a number of motions to seal filed by both Intellectual Ventures II LLC and JP Morgan...more
- Business Litigation JPMorgan Chase Public Disclosure Redaction
Lumen View Technology, LLC v. Findthebest.com, Inc.
Case Number: 1:13-cv-03599-DLC
Defendant Findthebest.com, Inc.'s motion for attorneys' fees for an "exceptional" case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 was granted on May...more
- Attorney's Fees Motion for Reconsideration
Intellectual Ventures II LLC v. JP Morgan Chase & Co., et al.
Case Number: 1:13-cv-03777-AKH -
Judge Hellerstein resolved a number of discovery-related motions. First he found that defendants' motion to strike...more
- Discovery Document Productions Infringement JPMorgan Chase Motion to Compel Patent Infringement Patents Royalties
Adrea, LLC v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., et al.
Case Number: 1:13-cv-04137-JSR -
After trial, a jury found that defendants Barnes & Noble, Inc., BarnesAndNoble.com, and Nook Media, LLC infringed claims 7, 8, 9, 18...more
- Barnes and Noble Jury Awards Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents
Direxion Shares, ETF Trust v. Leveraged Innovations L.L.C.
Case Number: 1:14-cv-01777-KBF -
On March 14, 2014, Direxion Shares, ETF Trust ("Direxion") filed a declaratory judgment action against Leveraged...more
- Declaratory Judgments ETFs Non-Judicial Settlement Agreements Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents
Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Roxane Laboratories, Inc.
Case Number: 1:13-cv-03288-TPG -
Defendant Roxane Laboratories, Inc. ("Roxane") was sued by Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Endo") when Endo learned that...more
- Endo Pharmaceuticals License Agreements Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents Pharmaceutical Patents Preliminary Injunctions Roxane Laboratories
Regeneron Pharm., Inc. v. Merus B.V.
Case Number: 1:14-cv-01650-KBF -
On March 14, 2014 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Regeneron") commenced this action against Merus B.V. ("Merus") and Ablexis LLC...more
- Claim Construction Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents Pharmaceutical Patents
TNS Media Research, LLC, et al. v. Tivo Research and Analytics, Inc.
Case Number: 1:11-cv-04039-SAS -
Plaintiff Kantar Media ("Kantar") brought a suit against defendant Tivo Research and Analytics, Inc. ("TRA")...more
- Exceptional Case Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents Willful Misconduct
Kowa Company Ltd. v. Aurobindo Pharma Ltd., et al.
Case Number: 1:14-cv-02497-PAC -
Defendant Mylan asked the court to apply the Local Patent Rules to the case, specifically requiring plaintiff to serve its...more
- Hatch-Waxman Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents Pharmaceutical Patents
Joao Control & Monitoring Systems, LLC v. City of Yonkers, et al.
Case Number: 1:12-cv-07734-RJS -
Following receipt of a joint letter from the parties concerning a discovery dispute, Judge Sullivan...more
- Discovery Meet and Confer Trial Court Orders
CDx Diagnostics, Inc. et al. v. U.S. Endoscopy Group, Inc. et al.
Case Number: 7:13-cv-05669-NSR -
Judge Román stayed the litigation after the PTAB instituted IPR Case Nos. IPR2014-00639 and IPR2014-00641 for...more
- Inter Partes Review Proceedings Medical Devices Order to Stay Patent Litigation Patent-in-Suit Patents
Hockeyline, Inc. v. Stats LLC
Case Number: 2:13-cv-01446-CM
Judge McMahon, following the parties' joint motion after the PTAB instituted IPR Case No. IPR2014-00510 for the patent-in-suit, U.S. Patent No....more
- Inter Partes Review Proceedings Patent-in-Suit Patents
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Ablexis LLC -
Case Number: 1:14-v-01651-KBF -
Teaser: Judge Forrest: "Regeneron's position that each claim in its '018 Patent has a single limitation is, at the very least,...more
- Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Patents
JobDiva, Inc. v. Monster Worldwide, Inc.
Case Number: 1:13-cv-08229-KBF -
On October 3, 2014, Judge Forrest construed terms of four JobDiva patents and one Monster patent. The JobDiva patents are...more
- Claim Construction Judicial Settlement Agreements Patent Litigation Patents Software
Rates Technology Inc. v. Broadvox Holding Company, LLC, et al.
Case Number: 1:13-cv-00152-SAS -
In June 2014, Judge Scheindlin dismissed Rates's patent infringement against Broadvox, as Rates's counsel,...more
- Attorney's Fees Patent Infringement Patent Litigation Patents
Patent Litigation
Patent Infringement
Attorney's Fees
Pharmaceutical Patents
Inter Partes Review Proceedings
Claim Construction
Exceptional Case
Pharmaceutical Industry
Endo Pharmaceuticals
JPMorgan Chase
Covered Business Method Patents
Design Patent
Octane Fitness v. ICON
Patent Trial and Appeal Board
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Interdisciplinary Center for
Organisational Architecture
Designing Organisations
for the Future
2016.02.06 | Research news
ICOA Seed Funding Programme
ICOA would like to support research activities on organizational design. Therefore, we now offer seed funding (15,000-30,000 DKK to be used in 2016) for new research projects within organization design. With a total seed funding budget of 150,000 DKK, we expect to provide seed funding for a number of projects of up to 30,000 DKK. The seed funding…
2016.01.14 | News type
Professor Charles Snow, Penn State will during his visit to ICOA hold a writing workshop on how to publish in top journals.
2016.01.12 | Education news
ICOA Staff News:
Sarah Maria Lysdal Krøtel appointed assistant professor at MGMT and is to become affiliated with ICOA
2016.01.12 | News type
ICOA Staff News: Panos Mitkidis
Panos Mitkidis appointed a 5 year tenure track at MGMT and is to become affiliated with ICOA
2016.01.12 | News type
ICOA Staff News: Marianne Livijn New Industrial PhD Student at ICOA and UKON
From July 2016, Marianne Livijn will study Macro and Micro Design in Strategy Implementation
Calendar & Events
- Mon 15 Aug
- 10:19-10:19 |
PhD student Luigi Mosca, will be visiting ICOA 15. August - 10. September
- Tue 06 Sep
- 10:00-16:00 |
Professor Richard Burton will be visiting ICOA 6 - 12. September
- Thu 08 Sep
- 15:00-17:00 | Øvre Multihal,S-building, Fuglesangs Allé.
Professor Richard M. Burton, Duke University speaks about The Science of Organization Design
- Sun 18 Sep
- 10:13-10:13 |
Professor Charles C. Snow will be visiting ICOA 18. September - 2. October
- Thu 29 Sep
- 10:00-12:00 | Lokale 1325, 242
ICOA Seminar: Dynamics and Survival of a Collaborative Community: a Simulation Study
- Thu 06 Oct
- 10:00-16:00 | 1325, 242
ICOA Seminar: Structural Adaptation to Regain fit: Multiple Misfits and Structural Complexity
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