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Holiday Inn Express Puebla, Puebla
- Free breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 188 guestrooms
- Indoor pool
- 24-hour room service
- 24-hour fitness center
- Business center
- Childcare
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Front desk safe
- ATM/banking services
- Laundry service
For families
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Babysitting or childcare
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free toiletries
- Daily housekeeping
What's around
- Fuente de los Frailes (0.5 mi / 0.8 km)
- Cuexcomate Volcano (1.3 mi / 2.1 km)
- National Museum of Mexican Railroads (1.3 mi / 2.2 km)
- Uriarte Talavera (1.3 mi / 2.2 km)
- Triangulo Las Animas Shopping Center (1.7 mi / 2.7 km)
Holiday Inn Express Puebla, Puebla
Hotel Info: 855-239-9222from $56
- Suite, 1 King Bed with Sofabed, Non Smoking
- Standard Room
- Room, 2 Double Beds, Non Smoking
- Room, 2 Double Beds, Smoking
- Room, 1 King Bed, Non Smoking
- Suite, 1 King Bed with Sofabed, Smoking
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 188 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 7 floors
- Check-in time starts at 3 PM
- Check-out time is 1 PM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Babysitting/childcare
- Pets not allowed
Extra people
- Roll-away beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
Nearby Two Star Puebla hotels
In the hotel
- Free breakfast
- 24-hour room service
- Indoor pool
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 3
- Meeting rooms
- Conference space size (feet) - 2131
- Conference space size (meters) - 192
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- ATM/banking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Shower only
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- 32-inch LCD TV
- Cable TV channels
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
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Holiday Inn Express Puebla, Puebla's small print
Also known as
- Holiday Inn Express Hotel Puebla
- Holiday Inn Express Puebla
- Holiday Inn Express Puebla Hotel Puebla
- Holiday Inn Puebla
- Puebla Holiday Inn
- Holiday Inn Express Puebla Hotel
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Excellent 4.4 /5 from 112 reviews
Hotel was in a convenient location but not very clean & the staff wasn't too concerned when they were informed of the tick found in the room. I called Holiday Inn corporate & was given a claim number but they haven't followed up with me like they said they would.
It was convenient to and less pricey than the hotel where I had my meeting. It was also fairly close to the historic district. The breakfast was very good and the room was comfortable.
Excellent all around. I'd easily stay here again.
This hotel was absolutely perfect for the price we paid. Hotel staff were friendly and extremely accommodating, the free breakfast was delicious, the rooms were clean, beds comfortable, temperature easy to adjust. The surrounding neighborhood is boring, kind of industrial and not fun to walk around in, but here is the Gallerias mall like five mins away by taxi, an amazing taco spot called Tacontodo to the left of the hotel a little ways down the road and there is an abundance of taxis at the door waiting to take guests to downtown Puebla in 20 mins for 50 pesos or so. I was fully satisfied!
A Holiday Inn Express like a Holiday Inn should be run until our last morning when we had breakfast when it first opened at 7am. On our last morning, the bacon was refrigerated bacon that had not been reheated enough and we suspect the eggs too. Otherwise, breakfat was great with a wonderful selection of items and well managed.
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Police: Boy, 12, robs lemonade stand with BB gun
The boys "got into a wrestling match over the money box" before the older boy took $30 and ran away
Associated Press
JOHNSTOWN, Pa. — Authorities say a 12-year-old boy used a BB gun to rob a 10-year-old who was running a lemonade stand in western Pennsylvania.
Johnstown Sgt. Patrick Goggin says the 12-year-old approached the stand Monday with what appeared to be a handgun in his pocket and threatened the younger boy. Goggin says the boys "got into a wrestling match over the money box" before the older boy took $30 and ran away.
Three other children chased the boy home and helped police track him down. That's when police determined the boy had a BB gun.
Police aren't identifying the suspect because he'll be charged in juvenile court where most cases remain confidential.
Johnstown is about 60 miles east of Pittsburgh.
Copyright 2013 Associated Press
Copyright Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Live Now:
CTV News Channel
A $15 billion settlement over Volkswagen's emissions cheating scandal cleared a key hurdle Tuesday, with a federal judge giving preliminary approval to a deal that includes an option for owners to have the carmaker buy back their vehicles.
The driver killed when his Tesla sedan crashed while in self-driving mode was travelling at 9 mph above the speed limit just before hitting the side of a tractor-trailer, federal accident investigators said Tuesday.
In a world where motor vehicles can be weapons and cars increasingly depend on internal computers and internet connections, automakers are under increasing pressure to find ways to guard against cyber-attacks.
When Ford's first genuine compact car rolled off the production line in Valencia, Spain in the summer of 1976, no one could have guessed how huge a success such a small car could be.
Fiat Chrysler says it will sink $1.5 billion into a suburban Detroit factory as it retools plants to make more trucks and SUVs and stops producing small and midsize cars.
Australia's Transport Accident Commission has designed a car crash-resistant human named Graham, to highlight the importance of road and vehicle safety.
Fiat Chrysler is recalling nearly 410,000 vehicles worldwide because a wiring problem can cause them to move slowly.
Volkswagen's plan to fix most of its 2-litre diesel engines that cheat on emissions tests includes a computer software update and a larger catalytic converter to trap harmful nitrogen oxide, and it may not hurt mileage or performance, according to dealers who were briefed by executives on the matter.
General Motors is recalling nearly 308,000 older Chevrolet Impala sedans in the U.S. and Canada because the air bags might not inflate in a crash.
BMW is saying goodbye to the fifth generation M5 super sedan with a special Competition Edition that ups the power, the luxury and the exclusivity.
Japanese auto-parts manufacturer Nishikawa Rubber Co. has agreed to plead guilty and pay a US$130-million fine for its role in an international bid-rigging scheme that affected car sales in Canada and the U.S.
Electric car maker Tesla Motors is working on multiple new vehicles, including heavy trucks and buses that could be unveiled as early as next year.


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Spouse is on my healthcare (I'm the primary), and we've just discovered some health issues that have the potential to become quite expensive. We have no joint accounts/assets at this time. Are there limitations to how much I would be liable for? Is this considered an individual expense, or a shared one?
Elder Law Attorney
You should not be liable for your spouse's medical bills unless you signed to guarantee payment. Many times these are documents are presented at time of admission or in an emergency room when people are less likely to read what they are signing. Should you receive a bill requesting payment for a spouse's medical treatment, contact an attorney to look into the matter.
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The 1st DLC pack for Borderlands is out and I pulled myself away from Modern Warfare 2 to check it out. It'll set you back 800 Microsoft points ($10.00) that's become standard for DLC packs.
Overall it has a very Halloween vibe to it which leads me to believe that Halloween may have been the original launch date. The zombie enemies bring back some of the non essential NPCs from the game as well as a few new ones. The combat almost has a wave defense sort of feel to it and the game throws a much larger amount of enemies at you. I often found myself finishing off all of the enemies in an area only to turn 180 and see the same amount behind me which in my opinion stresses the importance or rather the fun of the multiplayer experience.
The enemies in true zombie fashion can now be dismembered though after I shot the arms off of one it was still able to attack me. If you've ever played The House of The Dead you'll notice a familiar damage indicator whenever a zombie bites you.
The game takes a very tongue in cheek approach to the narrative that I personally hope will continue throughout further DLC and the (fingers crossed) sequel. For example there is one part in the very beginning of the game where a clap trap tells you to "Stop grinding and activate those turrets!" The manner in which the game makes fun of itself forced me to pause it until my fits of laughter subsided on more than one occasion.
My only arguments with Dr. Ned are that there is one location from the main game that is re-skinned for the expansion which in my opinion shows that the expansion may have been rushed. The other part that irked me is that there is a repeating quest that requires you to pick up a certain quest item which drops even before the quest is activated. However the game does not give you credit for the items that you pick up previous to activation.
Aside from those two complaints The Zombie Island of Dr. Ned is fully worth the $10 and will add around 4 to 7 hours of game play including all of the side quests. My personal rating: B+


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"Wheye and Kennedy take a close look at humanity's relationship with birds. . . . They arrange this art . . . in a kind of virtual 'gallery' that tells, room by room, of birds as symbols, a natural resource, exemplars of important biological principles or as species useful in encouraging conservation. And they describe art that reveals bird behavior—individual, intraspecies and interspecies, including relations between birds and people."—Cornelia Dean, New York Times
Humans, Nature, and Birds: Science Art from Cave Walls to Computer Screensby Darryl Wheye, Donald Kennedy
This book invites readers to enter a two-floor virtual "gallery" where 60-plus images of birds reflecting the accomplishments of human pictorial history are on display. These are works in a genre the authors term Science Artthat is, art that says something about the natural world and how it works. Darryl Wheye and Donald Kennedy show how/i>
This book invites readers to enter a two-floor virtual "gallery" where 60-plus images of birds reflecting the accomplishments of human pictorial history are on display. These are works in a genre the authors term Science Artthat is, art that says something about the natural world and how it works. Darryl Wheye and Donald Kennedy show how these works of art can advance our understanding of the ways nature has been perceived over time, its current vulnerability, and our responsibility to preserve its wealth.
Each room in the gallery is dedicated to a single topic. The rooms on the first floor show birds as icons, birds as resources, birds as teaching tools, and more. On the second floor, the images and their captions clarify what Science Art is and how the intertwining of art and science can change the way we look at each. The authors also provide a timeline linking scientific innovations with the production of images of birds, and they offer a checklist of steps to promote the creation and accessibility of Science Art. Readers who tour this unique and fascinating gallery will never look at art depicting nature in the same way again.
Published with assistance from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation's Public Understanding of Science and Technology Program.
Editorial Reviews
"Wheye and Kennedy take a close look at humanity's relationship with birds. . . . They arrange this art . . . in a kind of virtual 'gallery' that tells, room by room, of birds as symbols, a natural resource, exemplars of important biological principles or as species useful in encouraging conservation. And they describe art that reveals bird behavior—individual, intraspecies and interspecies, including relations between birds and people."—Cornelia Dean, New York Times
"The images and captions in Humans, Nature, and Birds are all well-chosen, and the captions have the feel of an entertaining and informative gallery talk. Together they form a compelling exploration of one of the areas of life which is a source of great satisfaction for me and for so many fellow birders. This is one of my favorite books of 2008."—Wayne Mones, Audubon Magazine
"The authors' use of birds as a binding motif gives their book appeal and coherence, and the selection of art is eclectic and apt."—Timothy Goldsmith, Yale University
"The authors lead us through a wonderland where science and art intersect."—Thomas E. Lovejoy, co-author of Climate Change and Biodiversity
"A half-century ago, George M. Sutton's essay 'Is Bird-art Art?' began the rehabilitation of avian art in fine art circles. Humans, Nature, and Birds, in an elegant survey of the grand interplay of bird art and ornithology, makes the definitive case."—H. Douglas Pratt, Research Curator of Birds, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences
"Just as a glass of a fine wine is meant to be enjoyed sip by sip, this book will be enjoyed page by page. Its . . . thought-provoking images depict our age-old fascination with birds, ranging from the owl traced 30,000 years ago in Chauvet Cave, to the goshawk attacking grouse in a dramatic modern painting."—Jared Diamond, Professor of Geography at UCLA and author of the Pulitzer-prize-winning book Guns, Germs, and Steel
"Masterfully demonstrates how art connects people to nature, advances science, and helps protect our environment. I'll never look at nature art the same way again."—John Flicker, President, National Audubon Society
"Reading this book is like having a friend with a key to the natural history art museum. The authors take us on an excursion, conveying palpable delight in works of art from across the spectrum of time and around the world. "—Julie Zickefoose, artist and author of Letters from Eden
"Tells a powerful and well-documented story of the interconnectedness of creative expression and birds, building a sound case for recognizing Science Art as a genre."—Kathy Kelsey Foley, Director, Woodson Art Museum
"Birds were there—on cave walls and rock shelters thirty millennia ago, on Egyptian tombs, in Joseph Wright's painting from the dawn of the Industrial Age, in Roger Tory Peterson's first biodiversity guide, and today, where art is the only record of many species now gone forever. Wheye and Kennedy assemble the ultimate exhibition of bird art, with detailed notes that say so much about our world and our view of it."—Stuart Pimm, Doris Duke Professor of Conservation Ecology, Duke University
"Beautifully examines where science and art overlap through the common territory of observation—and the human urge to both make sense of and embrace the great unknown."—James Prosek, painter and author
"The authors take us in a new direction—an edgy new direction—and force us to consider broadly the relation between art and science"—Alan Brush, University of Connecticut
"Informative and stimulating, a must-read book for any who have derided bird art in the past. It will change your thinking."—Dave Gagon, Deseret News
"[A] novel and fascinating volume. . . . It is an enthusiastic and enlightening account of the diverse ways our understanding of bird biology has been enhanced by art. . . . . The scientific monitoring of bird populations, motivated largely by a love of birds, provides a sensitive and accurate barometer of the quality of life. This book is a celebration of that fact."—Tim Birkhead, IBIS
"Humans, Nature, and Birds [contains] 69 pieces of bird art—from 30,000 year-old cave art to works by Audubon, Charley Harper, Robert Bateman, Vadim Gorbatov, and other artists—and what each says about our evolving understanding of nature.—Birder's World
"This is a most unique, unusual, and thought provoking book."—Wildlife Activist
"Humans, Nature, and Birds is a book from which scientists can learn about art, and artists can learn about science. It is challenging to integrate diverse fields, but this book does so effectively, mostly with non-technical language that makes it accessible to a wide readership."—Northwest Science
Product Details
- 9780300123883
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- Publication date:
- 06/28/2008
- Pages:
- 240
- Product dimensions:
- 7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x 1.00(d)
Read an Excerpt
Humans, Nature, and BirdsScience Art from Cave Walls to Computer Screens
By Darryl Wheye Donald Kennedy
Yale University PressCopyright © 2008 Darryl Wheye and Donald Kennedy
All right reserved.
Chapter OneROOM I
Birds as Icons
The history of iconic birds serving as intermediaries to the gods or as ostensible models of human behavior is long and little known, but clues are noted in the captions.
The history of iconic bird masks and bird chimeras, both of which were sometimes venerated, is almost as long. A Paleolithic artist included what is usually interpreted as a bird mask in Lascaux, 12,000 years before pictographic writing was devised (see Plate 31), and much more recently, within the past few hundred years, an artist in New Guinea added a carved merganser (ducklike waterfowl) to his mask, and an artist in Burkina Faso added a large, carved decurved bill to his. The inclusion of bird parts in these three masks has often been interpreted to mean that the wearer relied on intervening guidance.
But iconographic chimeras, like sphinxes, griffins, winged horses (Pegasus), angels, and cherubs-the whole array of imagined beasts with incongruous parts-have been used to convey an amalgam of traits, and when the parts include bird wings and heads, the chimeras also suggest speed and vision. They are, however, far from biological reality. Soare the fire-emitting, winged dragons of Europe, even if these part-bird, part-reptile, warm-blooded(?) chimeras might portend a developing understanding that birds are feathered dinosaurs.
Just as certain live birds, like owls, eagles, falcons, ravens, doves, and even herons, have been used as metaphors for celestial intervention or for avian and human behavior, certain dead ones, like ducks and doves, have been used to signify wealth, prey, or protest. In some cases, as with the heron in ancient Egypt, which was thought to have sprung from the Nile and was associated with the origin of life, the role as a metaphor seems to be restricted to a particular place and set of conditions. In others, as with the eagle, the metaphors seem to be variable and widespread. In mythological and religious images, eagles often link humanity to events beyond human comprehension or control. In Roman myths they typically represent Zeus (plucking the liver from Prometheus or abducting Ganymede, son of the founder of Troy). In Christian images, eagles often represent John the Baptist; in Native American images they often represent the Thunderbird. Eagles also have their secular uses. They have appeared on money (see Plate 25) and flags for millennia and been linked to political individuals or political events. Leonardo, for example, used one to represent Francis I, who had ambitions to become the next Holy Roman Emperor.
Few are surprised that eagles, large and dramatic as they are, have had a long history as icons. Yet even songbirds have been icons. The Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), a popular cage bird in Europe and probably the most familiar bird in Christian paintings, is associated with the soul and with resurrection. During the plague outbreak in Europe (1347-1351) it was linked to healing and renewal, an iconic meaning that held for more than a century after the outbreak dissipated. The bird is still featured in forty-one of fifty-one extant Venetian paintings of Mary and Jesus produced between 1475-1525, but by the mid-1700s most viewers would not have known the history of the icon and would not have made the healing and renewal interpretation.
PLATES 2 AND 3 An Owl as Cave Art
In 1994 news of the discovery of Chauvet Cave in France and its walls full of Paleolithic art spread rapidly, and photographs of the woolly rhinoceroses, lions, bears and other animals, including this owl, were almost immediately available to accompany the early reports. Photographs of the owl were not as widely circulated as were those of the grotto's megafauna, but Paleolithic bird images were not as widely produced as the megafauna were, either. Years earlier, André Leroi-Gourhan (1911-1986), former director of the Museé de l'Homme in Paris, had surveyed seventy-two caves in France and neighboring countries and listed over 2,000 animal images on the walls. Among them, horse images outnumbered the rest, with 610; bison followed with 510; and mammoths came in a distant third with 205. Fish accounted for a paltry 8, and birds (or their heads) for only 6 (2 in Lascaux, 4 in Les Trois Frères).
The official cave Web site describes the Chauvet owl image as follows: "This finger tracing represents an owl. The position of the wings shows that its head is turned 180 degrees relative to its posterior face. The anatomical characteristics of the animal permit its attribution to Moyen Duc [Long-eared Owl] (Asio otus). This drawing was realized on the soft outer layer of the cave wall. In the background we see traces that show the wall surface was scraped before the drawing was made."
Evaluating avian taxonomy based on an ancient figure etched into the soft surface of a cave wall is a difficult business, and an alternative interpretation is available. It may be that the bird is facing forward and that the species might actually be an Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). Given Paleolithic artists' fascination with large and imposing creatures, that conclusion strikes the authors as more plausible. To emphasize the resemblance between the cave image and the Eagle Owl, we have inserted a drawing of its head into the accompanying image (Plate 3).
Other factors-the relative size of the birds, their presence in the cave, and the suite of other cave images-support the alternative hypothesis. Eagle Owls are the size of eagles and prey on the smaller Long-eared Owls. They nest in caves, whereas Long-ears typically seek abandoned crow nests, found mostly in trees or shrubs. They are also impressive predators: they have been known to take down roe deer, and such accomplishments have earned for members of their genus (Bubo) a reputation as "Tigers of the Air." In contrast, Long-ears are more commonly preyed upon by others in their tribe. Long-ears have even evolved a defensive posture: They lean forward while arching their wings-like a swimmer poised to dive from a racing block. Then, by lifting the trailing edge of their wings skyward, they frame their face and appear more formidable, the way "owl eyespots" on the wings of certain moths may fool predators into thinking they are too large to take.
The message of a Paleolithic artist is unknowable, and the message of any work of art can change with time. The modified image (showing details of the head) and this discussion do not resolve the identity of the species, but they do raise the issue and provide today's viewers with additional information, allowing them to make the comparisons and consider alternatives for themselves.
PLATES 4, 5, AND 6 Falcons and Egyptian Kings: Relative Size Matters
In ancient Egypt, the king was a personification of the god Horus, the sky god, represented by a falcon. That falcon appears in both of these statues, which are about power: the falcon that conveys it and the viewer's perception of it. Chefren (Plates 4 and 5) built the second pyramid at Giza and the Sphinx. Nectanebo II (Plate 6), the last Egyptian pharaoh, ruled two millennia later as the civilization was winding down.
The statue of Chefren radiates authority, even as he smiles above his fake ceremonial beard. Two lions (symbols of power and protection) are incorporated into the base of his throne along with a knotted papyrus representing Lower Egypt and a lily representing Upper Egypt (a hieroglyphic message of unity). The strength of Chefren's command is conveyed through his relationship with Horus, seen here as the life-size falcon perched behind his head, with its wings spread in a further symbol of protection. The falcon is strategically placed so that when viewed from the side, Chefren appears to be operating under its protective guidance. But when he is viewed from the front, the bird is hidden, so that approaching subjects will see Chefren as all-powerful. In contrast, in the statue of Nectanebo II, Horus dwarfs the king, and it is the falcon's double crown that represents authority over Upper and Lower Egypt.
Ancient Egyptian civilization depended on the moderate annual flooding of the Nile. A margin of 5 feet (1.5 meters) was the difference between the river failing to overrun the bank and floodwaters washing away the irrigation system. Naturally, the failure and success of the floods shaped regal influence. As regal influence shifted over time-in response to floods and other factors-so did the relative size of the falcon in commemorative artwork. Chefren's reign was prosperous as measured by the extensiveness of his major constructions and the wealth represented by the contents of private tombs. Nectanebo II, on the other hand, ruled at a time of collapse. The modest image seen here might suggest that he is handing over responsibility for Egypt's collective troubles to the gods.
The ebb and flow of Egyptian civilization was closely linked to the effect of extreme weather on the flow of the Nile and thereby to annual harvests and the resulting density of the populations of small migratory birds and other vertebrates upon which falcons based their diet. The pattern of occasional droughts and catastrophically high floods allowed the natural history of falcons to figure prominently in the lore of this agricultural society: when the falcons were absent, so too was prosperity.
PLATE 7 The Dove as Messenger
Sixteen popes have been called Gregory. The one seen here, also known as Saint Gregory or Gregory the Great (c. 590-604), was the first monk to become pope-and the one after whom the Gregorian Chant is named. A prolific writer, he is often shown with a dove, as he is in this carved ivory relief found on the cover of a ninth-century German manuscript. He once commented, "What Scripture is to the educated, images are to the ignorant."
The scene shown here calls to mind a story that his associate Peter the Deacon recorded in Vita (xxviii). The tale goes roughly like this: Just before dictating his discourse on Ezechiel, Pope Gregory drew a curtain between his secretary and himself. The dictation followed, but was halting in a way that concerned the secretary. Finally, the repeated pauses unsettled the secretary so much that he peeped through an opening in the partition. To his surprise, the pope appeared to be taking dictation himself-and it was coming from a dove. The idea struck a chord in those who heard the story, perhaps because of the biblical account of the dove and the ark and the bird's role as scout.
The dove perched on the shoulder of Gregory the Great as he writes is reminiscent of the falcon perched on the shoulders of Chefren as he ruled (see Plate 4). But assigning a biological basis for the iconic dove requires more speculation than assigning one for the falcon does. Perhaps the selection of a dove could relate to the quiet quality of its voice; the murmuring of the dove surely is more suggestive of speech than, say, the trill or warble of a songbird or the cry of a raptor. In the teachings of the medieval Christian church, a quiet voice implied compliance. Hugh of Fouilloy in his Book on Birds, written between 1132 and 1152, says, "Instead of a song the dove uses a sigh, because by wailing it laments its willful acts." Hugh also credits the dove with joining flocks, forgoing predation and stealing, and raising "twin chicks." Medieval science in Hugh's day swept up some interesting direct observations, but it also included a great deal of mythology and superstition.
PLATE 8 Ravens as Omens: Some Biological Underpinnings
An old superstition, one apparently going back for millennia, warned that it was bad luck to hear a raven call from the left. The Roman dramatist Plautus (c. 254-184 BCE) made note of it in Aulularia (act iv, scene 3): "It means something-that raven cawing on my left just now!"
Wariness after hearing a raven call from the left is the subject of this painting. It takes its title from a work by John Gay, who made the "old wives' tale" into an eighteenth-century fable, The Farmer's Wife and the Raven. In Gay's fable, the bird explains that disaster is neither caused by nor foretold by ill omens. The story goes as follows: While taking eggs to the market, a farmer's wife hears a raven call from the "unlucky side of the road" and concludes that trouble lies ahead. Her fears materialize when her horse stumbles and the eggs fall out of her basket and break. She blames the raven for the loss of the eggs:
"That raven on yon left-hand oak (Curse on his ill-betiding croak) Bodes me no good."
The unperturbed bird asks:
"But why on me those curses thrown? Goody, the fault was all your own."
When she points out that the bird spooked her horse, the bird faults her for choosing one ill suited to the task.
What makes a raven croak? Many things can induce vocalization in birds, and members of the crow family-like the raven-can be garrulous. In this case, however, the sight of a sizable cache of eggs could well have stimulated the bird to send out a vocal alert to fellow ravens. These birds share foraging information when they discover a good amount of food, like a carcass. By scouting separately, members of a group can improve the chances of spotting such sporadic finds; pooling information is an effective strategy, and birds would be likely to remain within earshot.
For birds that roost colonially and seek large food objects-the large vultures of Africa's Great Rift Valley present another example-sharing information about a big find is a way of making a large resource available to the group. The biologist Colin Pennycuick once studied White-backed and Ruppell's Griffon Vultures (Gyps africanus and G. rueppellii) using a small, motorized sailplane. Sometimes while taking one of the thermals over the Serengeti Plain, he would notice a vulture at about his visual limit in one direction and another in the other direction. When he landed to eat his sandwich, he was surprised at the crowd of vultures that accumulated around him one by one. They must have examined the pilot in some dismay, wondering where the carcass was. The first finder is usually not a biologist, of course, but a vulture, and the find is usually large enough to share.
The British painter and engraver George Stubbs, who produced this image, was the son of a currier and leather salesman. Virtually self-taught, Stubbs specialized in animal images, particularly horses. He painted the scene shown here on earthenware produced for him by a Lunar Society member, Josiah Wedgwood. The Lunar Society was founded in England (see Plate 44). Members met informally each month to discuss science and watch experiments: "They caught at discoveries with delight, sure that every find could help them to crack the elusive codes of nature." Wedgwood, for example, is usually described as a potter, but he also devised a high temperature thermometer for use in his kiln that won him election to the Royal Society.
PLATE 9 A Dead Crow as an Icon
One winter day Andrew Wyeth found a frozen crow while walking in the fields in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. In 1942 he painted that crow, and in 1943, while the war in Europe was raging, the painting was exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Europe's crow is called the Carrion Crow (Corvus corone), and the death of the bird that cleans battlefields may not have been lost on wartime viewers of the painting. In fact, the strife of the 1940s appears to have prompted Wyeth to produce numerous sober images; many of his works from this period include dead birds, shriveled vegetation, and buildings abandoned or left in ruin, and one is a portrait of a Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) in flight. Wyeth sought to eliminate technical mannerisms that could stand between his expression and the viewer, and precise, detailed scenes like Winter Fields tend to evoke loneliness and remembrance.
The biological messages in this image are seemingly straightforward: Life is temporary, its requirements are exact, and for a lucky few, senescence will precede death. Viewers today would probably not be surprised if this painting were a commentary by Wyeth on World War II. Now, however, the crow symbolizes a quite different war: urban and suburban crows are the most prominent and visible victims of West Nile virus, which has become epidemic in some populations of U.S. birds. Because the virus is also a threat to humans and domestic animals, it is a serious public health concern. Perhaps the Wyeth painting will someday see service in a public information campaign warning of the spread of the West Nile virus or another bird-related disease. The new field of movement ecology discovers more and more about how physiology, evolution, behavior, and environmental forces determine where birds, and the viruses they sometimes harbor, travel.
Excerpted from Humans, Nature, and Birds by Darryl Wheye Donald Kennedy Copyright © 2008 by Darryl Wheye and Donald Kennedy. Excerpted by permission.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Meet the Author
Darryl Wheye is a freelance artist and writer specializing primarily in birds and Science Art. She lives in Woodside, CA. Donald Kennedy is editor in chief of the journal Science. He is president emeritus and Bing Professor of Environmental Science emeritus, Stanford University. He lives in Palo Alto, CA.
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text:
Leading a Digital Transformation
How to use E-rate and the power of digital to transform education. (PDF - 9.0 MB)
Use E-rate to Build Your Digital Ready Network
If you're going digital, you need E-rate. Digital learning and E-rate are the perfect pairing because the modernized E-rate program focuses on the largest and most urgent need: closing the Wi-Fi gap and ensuring access to high-speed broadband, both of which are critical to an effective digital learning experience.
Cisco is leading this new digital world in education with visionary technologies that support blended learning experiences, worldwide collaborations, and rich online media experiences. From the network up, our solutions are building digital schools and libraries so that they are fully connected, educators are fully empowered, administrators are fully informed, and students can learn without limits.
Mooresville Did It, So Can You
How to Use E-rate and the Power of Digital to Transform EducationView Webcast
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The E-rate program offers $3.9 billion worth of discounts to K–12 schools and libraries each year. And due to the $1.9 billion in rollover funding, there is an unprecedented $5.8 billion available for the 2016 funding year (E-rate Year 19).
So if you haven't applied, the time is now! Get your network ready for digital and submit your application today. The filing window closes April 29, 2016, so Form 470s must be posted by April 1, 2016.
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See how Cisco's solutions can help you achieve your initiatives for learning and curriculum, student assessment and data analytics, information security, professional development, and school safety in this K–12 Reference Architecture poster.
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text:
Top Definition
The act of using Nick Hart brand pliers to remove excess pubic hair. Generally referred to the inhabitants of the almost extinct Pinto tribe that has come to near extinction by chocking on excess pubic hairs. It is so hairy that the happy trail becomes a happy tropical rainforest. The last members of the Pinto tribe reside in Northern VA.
yo! that bitches poon tang looks like King Kongs ass, i call for the ana pinto manuver!
by mike mason February 17, 2008
Trending Now


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A New Ceramic Scintillator for Neutron Detection
Award Information
Small Business Information
Alem-rmd Joint Venture
44 Hunt Street, Watertown, MA, 02472
Principal Investigator:
Jaroslaw Glodo
(617) 668-6921
(617) 668-6921
Business Contact:
Gerald Entine
(617) 668-6800
(617) 668-6800
Research Institution:
Abstract75745-Neutron beam facilities, used for materials research studies, require high neutron fluxes, but their utilization is often limited by detection systems that use scintillators. None of these scintillators exhibit good neutron detection and energy resolution, fast response, and high light yield at the same time. The widely used 6LiF/ZnS:Ag phosphor, although very bright, is slow and opaque to its own light, forcing the use of thin layers and compromising detection efficiency. This project will fabricate a novel neutron 6LiF/CaF2:Eu scintillator, which will be transparent to its own light and will allow a thicker scintillator to be used, thereby improving detection efficiency and energy resolution. CaF2:Eu emission will be twice as fast as ZnS:Ag, will have no long-term afterglow, and will permit higher counting rates. Phase I will fabricate optically transparent ceramic 6LiF/CaF2:Eu samples and investigate their scintillation properties. Feasibility will be demonstrated through studies of morphological, optical, and scintillation properties. Commercial Applications and Other Benefits as described by the awardee: The new material should find application in the Spallation Neutron Source ¿ in approximately 15 neutron scattering instruments that use scintillators for neutron detection. It also should expand the choice of neutron scintillators.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


text:
What type of Unicorn are you?
(Please Specify in The Comments)
Here in the Unicorn Mommas' group we take things very seriously. We also believe in happiness and love, not judgment and hate. If you want to post here you MUST be respectful and must NEVER be personally attacking someone. Personal attacks are hurtful and Unicorns do not believe in hurt.
Also, please specify which breed you are in the comments. Breeds are listed below.
- Archaic Unicorn: Goat-sized with a billy goat beard, lions tail and cloven hooves
- Northern European variety: Riding horse sized (Largest) pure white, aloof and willing to do battle with lions.
- El Alicornio (and / or) El Unicornio : Western European, Spain in particular, has wings on its feet.
- Central European: Smaller, pony sized, shy but docile and even friendly to maidens.
- Alps and Carpathian: Grey speckled and more robust than the Central European type. Many sure-footed goat-like traits.
- Eastern Europe (Slavic or Russian) Pony sized but very fleet
- Chinese/Japanese Unicorn
- Gaelic Unicorn: has a heavy coat against the cold Hibernian winter.
- Black Unicorn: black fur, red horn and hooves. Maybe a sub-variety of the Northern European type.
- Pegacorn: Unicorn with wings (also called Unicus)
- Rare Lion Unicorn: Unicorn with a Lion's mane and awesomeness.
Happy posting!


text:
Adaptec by PMC ASR-72405 Enterprise RAID Controller Review
4K Random Read
We deployed the SanDisk Lightning LS 300S EFD's to saturate the controller with 4K random read speed. We ran into a limitation again with the random write speed testing, with none of our solutions coming close to handling the incredible write speed of the ASR-72405.
The Lightning's were configured into a RAID 0 with 64K stripe size, and then we created four clients to maximize results. We topped out at 557,000 IOPS, and experienced an average of 534,763 IOPS during the test period.
The random read latency from the ASR-72405 is superb, with the majority of read requests, 43% (488,834,830 I/Os), fell into the 0.00-0.02 range. 15% fell in the 1-2ms range, 12% at .6-.8ms, 11% at .4-.6 and 10% at .8-1ms.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
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- We at TweakTown openly invite the companies who provide us with review samples / who are mentioned or discussed to express their opinion of our content. If any company representative wishes to respond, we will publish the response here.


text:
2 items from 2016
8 May 2016 11:35 AM, PDT | Flickeringmyth | See recent Flickeringmyth news »
Thomas O'Connor on the three eras of the Godzilla franchise and what makes them special…
A new Japanese Godzilla movie is on the way, heralding the return of Toho's epic franchise after over a decade of dormancy. Understandably, not everyone has the time or inclination to sit through hours upon hours of Godzilla films in preparation for Hideaki Anno and Shiji Higuchi's Godzilla: Resurgence, and in all honesty, doing so probably isn't necessary. But still, a solid primer on the history of the Godzilla franchise probably wouldn't hurt for those curious to see what Japan has in response to Gareth Edwards' stateside take on the franchise. That's why here at Flickering Myth, we're presenting a series dedicated to catching the rest of you up on the history of the franchise. Not just the films themselves, but the important figures behind the camera, »
- Thomas O'Connor
21 April 2016 2:58 AM, PDT | Variety - TV News | See recent Variety - TV News news »
A Japanese version of U.S. TV series "Cold Case" is to be produced and screened by pay-tv group Wowow. It is the first time a localized version of the series has been made.
The original show was produced by Jerry Bruckheimer Television. Set in Philadelphia, it saw a homicide detective take on investigations which are no longer actively pursued by the police department.
The Japanese version will work on similar lines and be directed by Takafumi Hatano (director of hit Japanese series "Sp"), with Yamada Kosuke ("Thin Godzilla") serving as the director of photography. Writers on the show include Takahisa Zeze, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Ryuta Hourai and Hiroshi Hayashi.
Wowow and Warner Bros. International Television Production will co-produce, with Wowow screening the series under its original drama series label Drama W. Ten episodes have been commissioned and are slated to begin airing from October. Wowow has previously aired all of the original U. »
- Patrick Frater
2 items from 2016
IMDb.com, Inc. takes no responsibility for the content or accuracy of the above news articles, Tweets, or blog posts. This content is published for the entertainment of our users only. The news articles, Tweets, and blog posts do not represent IMDb's opinions nor can we guarantee that the reporting therein is completely factual. Please visit the source responsible for the item in question to report any concerns you may have regarding content or accuracy.See our NewsDesk partners


text:
iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $7.10 (47% off)
Sorry, this product is no longer in stock.
Doctor's Best, Extra Strength Ginkgo Extract, 120 mg, 120 Capsules
Posted by Reviewer3101874 on Sep 05, 2008
Like a lot of the products at iHerb this one offers quality and value. Compare the number of tablets and mg strength to products sold at your local retailer, then compare the prices - you will be impressed.
Posted by Reviewer2068016 on Sep 28, 2008
excellent product
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good it is.
Doctor's Best Extra Strength Ginkgo Extract, 120mg.,120 capsules
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Seems to be a high quality product at a very reasonable price.
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It is a little bit too strong for me so I took 3 times a week.
Doctors Best Ginkgo
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dr best ginko
Posted by Reviewer1455024 on Apr 20, 2008
good value and product


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PREVIEWS: "Daredevil," "Uncanny X-Men," & More Marvel Comics On Sale August 3, 2016
Comic Books
I name two comic book characters. You then have to connect the two using only shared appearances in comic books (official appearances in comics only – no cameos like Terry Austin sneaking Popeye into the background of a panel and no outside comic book appearances, like cartoons and the like). You have to do so using less than six comics total. Covers and pin-ups do not count – only actual appearances in the same comic book story (so it doesn't count if they each appeared in separate stories inside the same anthology). Mythological characters, public domain characters (other than public domain comic book characters, they're free game) and real people (by the way, unless a fake name is used for a real person, like Ronald Raygun or whatever, you can use the person even if they are not officially named in the comic) are unique to their own comic book appearances (so DC's Thor is different than Marvel's Thor, DC's Ronald Reagan is different from Marvel's Ronald Reagan, etc.). But a licensed character is the same in all of their various comic book companies (so the Marvel Red Sonja is the same as the Dynamite Red Sonja) and approved appearances by a real person can go across comic book companies, as well (so, for instance, you can use Marv Wolfman from his Teen Titans appearance to connect with Marv Wolfman in his Fantastic Four appearance – you just can't use modern appearances by Jack Kirby from one company to connect to Jack Kirby appearances from Marvel Comics, since obviously Kirby can no longer give approval for his appearance). Approval tends to be the key.
Every week, whoever connects the two characters in the least amount of turns gets to pick the next week's match (in the event of a tie, the winner is chosen randomly among the people who sent in challenges for next week). Last time was Jack T. Chance to Jack B. Quick. Will V. was the only one who connected the two in four moves. Here is how Will connected the two…
NOTE: Before I begin, let me again request that when you folks send in your answers to please include your suggestion for next week if your answer is chosen. Oh, and it would be nice if you demonstrate that it IS possible to connect your two suggested choices. Thanks!
Jack T Chance appears with Cyborg in *Blackest Night* #1
Cyborg is in *Swamp Thing *#46 — and so is Alan Moore, in the background.
Alan Moore appears with Promethea in *Promethea *#30
Promethea appears with Jack B Quick in the previous issue, #29.
NOTE #2: This one was obviously a bit tricky. Does this background appearance in Swamp Thing count as an official Alan Moore appearance? I think since the issue was written by Moore, it is pretty safe to call it an approved appearance.
NOTE #3. This one just reminded me of a separate general point. For other people thinking about using comic creators as connectors across two comic book companies, the creators have to have APPROVED of the usage, so therefore, if the comic creator is dead, it is inherently an UNAPPROVED usage for this purpose. So, if, say Jerry Siegel appears in an Image comic, you can't use that connection to connect to Jerry Siegel in a DC comic. You can connect Siegel in a DC Comic to Siegel in another DC comic (as you can with any historical figure), but not across companies. That only counts if the usage was approved. So Alan Moore appearing in an issue of Promethea? Approved usage and can be used to connect across comic book companies. Jack Kirby appearing in an issue of Promethea? Unapproved usage and can't be used to connect across comic book companies (but CAN be used as a DC connection, since Kirby would therefore become a historical figure for the purpose of this game).
Will's challenge is…
Dr. Light (the DC superhero) to Dr. Light (the Mega Man supporting cast member)
E-mail me your answers at email@example.com. Do NOT post your answers in the comments section!
Whoever connects the two characters in the least amount of comics gets to pick the connection for next time around (I'll pick a random winner in the event of a tie)!
Remember, only authorized appearances in comic books count (for instance, all the Marvel characters in Savage Dragon/Destroyer Duck do not count)!
NOTE: A reader asked me if a character appears in a comic but as a voice only, does that count? What do you all think? Vote in the comments – I'll accept whatever the majority says.
Your Jerry Siegel example reminded me of an early Batman story where Robin meets Siegel whom I believe is referred to as the creator of Superman since Supes is just a fictional character in the Batman universe.
Gee, you could probably do a couple of Abandoned and Forsaked columns on Character A being established as fictional in Character B's world and later both characters being shown to live on the same world.
I think the voice-only character should count. Think about Charlie's Angels — the character of Charlie is just a voice on the phone, but he's present, he drives plot, he's a character. This would be even more true for a character who is physically in the same place as the seen characters, just not shown for whatever reason. It gets a little trickier if we're talking about, say, Emma Frost having a telepathic conversation with a character who isn't shown — they aren't even creating sound waves!
But I'd still want to count that, simply because it creates new, interesting, unexpected connections. Isn't that what the game is for?
Who's the dude next to Moore in that picture? Is that David Lloyd, or a Swamp Thing collaborator?
I can't remember if I said, but while I don't think that voice only characters should count, I DID want to see what our pal Loki's connection was. So let him use that connection, at least
Man, remember that issue when Mega Man's Doctor Light was retroactively revealed to have raped all the boss level enemies of Mega Man? Good times.
Man Brian, does note 3 mean I have to think of a new CBSD Suggestion to include with my answers?
'Fraid so.
So, no competition this week?
And Travis, I'll share my link once the votes are in, whatever the outcome.
Comics Should Be Good accepts review copies. Anything sent to us will (for better or for worse) end up reviewed on the blog. See where to send the review copies.


text:
- See our full range of protein, snack and nutrition bars in the Health & Personal Care Store.
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Maximuscle Promax Lean 60 g Dark Choc Mint Weight Loss and Definition Bars - Box of 12
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- Protein: 20 g
- Fibre: 5.1 g
- Green Tea and CLA for weight loss
- Low GI for sustained energy release
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Important Information
Contains caffeine: 210mg per 100g (125mg per bar). Not recommended for children or pregnant women. Excessive consumption may cause laxative effects.
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Unless expressly indicated in the product description, Amazon.co.uk is not the manufacturer of the products sold on our website. While we work to ensure that product information on our website is correct, manufacturers may alter their product information. Actual product packaging and materials may contain more and/or different information than shown on our website. You should always read the labels, warnings and instructions provided with the product before using or consuming it and not solely rely on the information presented on our website. If you have any specific product queries, please contact the manufacturer. This notice does not affect your legal rights.
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Product Description
Maximuscle is One of the Britain's Biggest Sports Nutrition Company.
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While we work to ensure that product information is correct, on occasion manufacturers may alter their ingredient lists. Actual product packaging and materials may contain more and/or different information than that shown on our Website. We recommend that you do not solely rely on the information presented and that you always read labels, warnings and directions before using or consuming a product. For additional information about a product, please contact the manufacturer. Content on this site is for reference purposes and is not intended to substitute for advice given by a medical practitioner, pharmacist or other licensed health-care professional. Contact your health-care provider immediately if you suspect that you have a medical problem. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease or health condition.
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Customer Reviews
Top Customer Reviews
Per 60g Bar (Dark Chocolate flavour)
Energy: 204kcal/856kJ
Protein: 20.3g
Carbohydrates: 18.4g
of which sugars: 10.6g
of which polyols 5.8g
Fats: 5.6g
of which satuartes: 2.3g
Fibre: 5.1g
Sodium: 0.18g
They taste nice, and I went through a phase of using these while working out a lot and not having too much time. I found they stalled my progress in getting rid of flab and building muscle. I cut them out and replaced with some nuts or a very plain protein shake (whole food type, no soya or sweeteners) and I immediately (within a week) started getting good results with weights/cardio again.
Here's what they say:
Protein: 20 g
Fibre: 5.1 g
Green Tea and CLA for weight loss
Low GI for sustained energy release
Protein Blend (Whey Protein Concentrate (17%)(from Milk), Milk Protein Isolate, Collagen Hydrolysate, Emulsifier: Soya< Lecthin), Dark Chocolate (14%) (Cocoa Mass, Sugar, Cocoa Butter, Emulsifier: Soya Lecithin, Flavouring), Sweeteners (Maltitol, Xylitol), Partially Inverted Sugar Syrup, Fructooligosaccharides, Water, L-Carnitine, Fat Reduced Cocoa Powder (2.5%), Maltodextrin, Flavurings, Caffeine, Green Tea Extract, Vitamin B5, Colours (Caramel E150c, Caramel E150d)
Here's what I say. Sweeteners - Maltitol and Xylitol - and Partially inverted sugar syrup, and the sugar in the chocolate - are just setting yourself up for a whole bunch of pain if you are 'healthy snacking' on sweet stuff (and sweetener - your body reacts in similar ways to sweetener, when it comes to insulin). I follow Dr Gundry's advice and 'retreat from sweet' as much as possible. I try to avoid sweetener, except limited stevia.Read more ›
For those who are food nerds, here's some more info...
They don't print this stuff on the packet but I asked and this is what maximuscle replied with
So these figures should be correct but I'm only human (except in the mornings according to popular opinion!)
The brackets are the percent one bar gives in terms of RDI/RDA (NB the RDAs change every 5 years)
Vitamin A = 500.0 IU (10%)
Folate = 124 ug (31%)
B1 (Thiamine) = 0.4mg (25%)
B2 (Riboflavin) = 0.5mg (27%)
B3 (Niacin) = 5.4mg (27%)
B5 (Panthothenic acid) = 0.8mg (8%)
B6 (Pyridoxine) = 0.4ug (7%)
B12 (Cyanocobalamin) = 0.4ug (7%)
Vitamin C = 14.2mg (24%)
Vitamin D = 68.0 IU (17%)
Vitamin E = 4.8 mg (24%)
Vitamin K = 0.0 ug (0% :P)
Calcium 270 mg (27%)
Copper 0.4 mg (23%)
Iron 2.9 mg (16%)
Magnesium 50.0 mg (13%)
Manganese 0.4 mg (18%)
Phosphorus 250.0 mg (25%)
Potassium 1200.0 mg (34%)
Selenium 17.0 ug (24%)
Sodium 180 mg (8%)
Zinc 4.0 mg (27%)
Now what's really weird is they give a warning about the manganese and phosphorus intake, yet from the values above they should be fine, probably miscopied the units or something, I've had no problems but everyone is different. Though I suspect the caffeine content would send some people up the walls 125mg is about 1.5L of cokes worth and that's per bar.
I do know maltitol (The sugar substitute) can cause me stomach cramping, so if your trying for the first time, eat one and see if you get stomach cramping.Read more ›
Most Recent Customer Reviews
Stop buying marsy barsees and buy these.
Although the taste can take a bit of getting used to, the comparative cost is low and the nutrient content pretty good. Read more
I like the product but it only came with 11 in the box, the film wrapping had been partially removed and clearly someone got a bit hungry in the warehouse.Published 11 days ago by Mr Jason M Watson
I love that these have added fibre, but I find the mint taste very strong and the texture very chewy.Published 23 days ago by Tommysgirl
I have these as protein treats at work and these work very well as chocolate replacements.Published 27 days ago by Dr. Deepak Jain
These were bought for my husband for before or after his gym training sessions.
They're the only ones he'll eat. Read more


text:
The Blue Ridge Ski Council - Ski Trips - Mid Atlantic States Message Board › Ski - Where to go - This topic is for recomendations, positive and negative
|Wayne H.
Group Organizer
Elkridge, MD
This discussion topic will probably be the most active. Use the "Add A Reply" button above to add to this discussion.
Please try to follow the following rules here.
Please don't slam any person, area, lodging or (especially) our members. If you've had a bad time at an area, please post what happened but don't get emotional.
Please use a 5 star system – where 0 stars is worst and 5 stars is best.
If you are rating a ski area, cut and paste this Template:
Ski Area:
Dates Last visited:
Rating for: {0 = bad - 5 star = great - n/a=no answer}
If everyone uses this template (cut and paste), then we may be able to build a database on the information for quick reference.
Thanks and have fun.
Wayne Homens
Blue Ridge Ski Council
Edited by Wayne Homens on Jul 25, 2008 8:14 AM
|Wayne H.
Group Organizer
Elkridge, MD
Ski Area: Snowbird Utah
Dates Last visited: 2004
Rating for: {0 = bad - 5 star = great - n/a=no answer}
Overall experience *****
Trails *****
Transportation *****
Conditions *****
Area friendliness ****
Local Restaurants ***
Local activities ***
Evening activities *****
Family friendly *****
Singles friendly *****
Lodging *****
Where did you stay while there: Cliff Lodge
Did you like the accommodations: Awesome - rooftop swimming pool/hot tub/Bar
What is the closest major airport: Salt Lake City (SLC)
What transportation did you use: Bus out of airport
What were the best things about this trip: Skiing was awesome - Alta is very close by and you can get a cross mountain ticket and actually ski to there and ski back to the lodging. Second best was the Cliff Lodge, I don't think that I've ever stayed at a better hotel at a ski resort.
What were the worst things about this trip: Not a lot of other activities. You are in a boxed canyon about 30 minutes away (in good weather) from Salt Lake City). The rooms are hotel rooms so you need to eat out and it is a little pricey (although very good).
Links: Ski Trip - Another Ski Trip
Any other comments: The Cliff Lodge was just renovated last year, I am really looking forward to staying there again this ski season. I highly recommend this area. The snow is awesome!
Edited by Wayne Homens on Jul 25, 2008 8:30 AM
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text:
Passenger death forces emergency landing in Warsaw: airport
An Emirates Airlines flight was forced to make an emergency landing in Warsaw on Friday after a passenger became fatally ill, airport officials said, echoing a similar event two weeks ago in Prague.
"Medics boarded the plane after the emergency landing early this morning, but were unable to revive the female passenger," Przemyslaw Przybylski, a spokesman for the Polish capital's Chopin Airport, told AFP.
Global Manned Electric Aircraft Industry 2016 Market Research Report
The Boeing 777 was flying from Dubai, United Arab Emirates to Manchester, England.
"The flight was resumed with the body aboard," he said, declining to provide more details on the passenger's identity or where the body was put.
He added that Polish authorities would not be investigating the case.
Friday's fatality echoes a November 9 case where a female passenger became fatally ill aboard an Emirates flight from Amsterdam to Dubai and the plane was forced to make an emergency landing in the Czech capital, Prague airport officials said.
Your company's press release on ASDNews and to thousands of other journalists and editors? Use our ASDWire press release distribution service.
Source : AFP
Sep 19, 2016 - London, United Kingdom
Oct 18 - 20, 2016 - London, United Kingdom


text:
An optical multiplexer-demultiplexer based on an index-confined photonic band gap waveguide is proposed. The dropping of electromagnetic waves having a given frequency or a certain frequency band is obtained via a phase-shifted grating obtained by breaking the uniform period sequence to include a defect layer. The selective filtering properties of the proposed structure are simulated by means of a computer code relying on a bidirectional beam propagation method based on the method of lines.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
1. Introduction
The evolution of optical networks has progressed from single wavelength point-to point data links, to multiple wavelength fixed data links, and to fully reconfigurable multiple wavelength systems. Commercially available network elements such as add-drop multiplexers, optical crossconnects and wavelength amplifiers can be used to build flexible network architectures which can carry terabits of information and handle the interconnection of internet protocol routers, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches, and synchronous optical network (SONET) elements. But, owing to the relatively slow response time of these devices, of the order of hundreds of milliseconds to tens of seconds, these networks are limited to fast circuit switching applications, at best. In order to take full advantage of the possibilities afforded by wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) data links, new kinds of network elements with vastly improved performance are required. In particular, the use of WDM strategy requires optical filters for adding and dropping single wavelength channels in certain network nodes.
The emerging technology of photonic crystals (PhCs) [1] can be suitably exploited to design and make optical devices for WDM applications. The novel and unique way to control many features of electromagnetic radiation offers the opportunity of developing photonic band gap (PBG) structures such as waveguides, splitters, resonant cavities, and so on [2]. Since the first application of photonic crystal based WDM structures by Fan, et al. [3], several researchers proposed and experimentally demonstrated optical trapping and dropping functions by exploiting resonant tunneling [4], superprism [5], cavity-waveguiding coupling [6] phenomena in one-dimensional (1D) [7], two-dimensional [8,9,10] and three-dimensional PhCs [11].
Another typical configuration of photonic band gap filters incorporates Bragg gratings. As it is well known, Bragg-grating filters are an attractive choice when the requirements for intra-channel crosstalk are stringent. But the spectral response of uniform Bragg gratings suffers from large side lobes, which deteriorate the inter-channel crosstalk or cause poor bandwidth utilization. In practice, often, non uniform tapered apodized or chirped gratings, are used to exploit their special signal processing characteristics [12, 13, 14]. Moreover, conventional Bragg-grating filters, suitable for WDM application, require a high number of periods. The PBG Bragg-grating filters are composite structures which consist, in general, of a short length grating with a photonic band gap structure. As an example, in [15] a finite length grating assisted coupler was integrated with a linear multilayer PBG mirror, while in [16] a DWDM demultiplexer consisting of rectangular shaped frequency filters connected in series was proposed, the rectangular pass band filters being formed with an apodized 1D PhC structure on a ridged semiconductor waveguide.
In this paper we propose a multiplexing-demultiplexing (MUX-DEMUX) structure based on an index-confined photonic band gap waveguide: the dropping of electromagnetic waves having a given frequency or a certain frequency band is obtained via a nonuniform grating where the otherwise uniform period sequence is broken by a "defect layer" having an opportune length along the propagation direction. The structure can be regarded like a phase-shifted grating [17,18]. Standard phase shifted Bragg filters consists of M uniform grating sections with length L1, L2, .....LM, and (M-1) intermediate regions, providing the phase shifts ϕ1, ϕ2,...... ϕM, all stacked in series. These filters exhibit nearly rectangular pass band characteristics, i.e., a drastic slope to the stop band. The finite width of the stop band in the center of which the transmission takes place and the bandwidth needed for sensitivity penaltyfree transmission are serious drawbacks in terms of channel number and channel selection for the use of these phase-shifted filters in WDM systems. To overcome these limits, more complicated structures have to be considered. For adjusting the pass band central wavelength in each filter to the corresponding channel waveguide, grating regions with different periods have to be included. To increase the channel number, the ratio between the stop band width and the transmission bandwidth ought to be high: therefore gratings characterized by a maximum coupling factor κ are necessary, the width of the stop band being proportional to κ. The structure proposed in this paper, having a single defect layer, appears to be even simpler and shorter than the compound phase-shifted Bragg grating reported in [17]. The capability of the proposed structure to shape and broaden the pass-band that arises in the middle of the grating stop band and, then, the channel number which can be settled in the stop band are strongly dependent on the defect layer parameters. Here, using a bidirectional beam propagation method based on the method of lines (MoL-BBPM) [19], we report the design criteria of multichannel wavelength demultiplexers characterized by suitable values of the pass band and the stop band, as a function of the defect position and length. Finally, we present an eight-channel MUX-DEMUX operating in the second transmission window of the optical fiber telecommunication systems characterized by a channel spacing useful for WDM systems and drastically reduced device sizes compared with those of a conventional Bragg grating [20].
2. Theoretical remarks
The MoL-BBPM algorithm is based on two operators and works in two steps [19]. The first operator describes the one-way propagation (positive longitudinal +z direction), while the latter determines the reflection from a generic discontinuity along the structure longitudinal direction. In the first step, the two operators are used in the forward propagation to calculate the transmitted and the reflected fields at each discontinuity along the structure by imposing the continuity of the electromagnetic (EM) field tangential components at the discontinuity interfaces. Successively, in the second step, the backward negative longitudinal -z direction propagation is accounted and the new transmitted and reflected fields are evaluated, taking into account the reflection contribution calculated in the previous step. Then, all the forward and the backward waves, so calculated at each computational longitudinal section, are added up. This procedure is iteratively applied till to reach the desired convergence. The convergence criterion is based on the comparison between the fields at the output section (z=L) calculated in two successive iterations.
In each discontinuity section along the longitudinal z axis, the MoL-BBPM code assumes, for the wave equation along each line, the following expression for the vector φ, the components of which are the scalar potentials φi in the original domain:
In Eq. (1) Q is the matrix of the discretized difference operator and u=k0z is the normalized longitudinal axis, k0 being the vacuum wavenumber. Because the matrix Q is not diagonal, the potentials φi are each other coupled and the wave Eq. (1) cannot be solved in this form. By diagonalizing Q, both the vector of the eigenvalues λ and the matrix of the eigenvectors are evaluated:
Equation (2) is analytically solved:
where Fe-λu and Beλu are the contributions of the forward and the backward fields in the transformed domain, respectively. The field φ(u) in the original domain can be obtained by the inverse domain transformation. In order to obtain the reflection operator, Eq. (2) is analytically solved for the forward and backward travelling waves in both the left (L) and the right (R) regions of each discontinuity. After having calculated the forward coefficient FL of Eq. (3) in the left region, the unknown left backward and right forward coefficients BL, FR are evaluated by placing the right backward coefficient BR=0 and by matching the electromagnetic field transverse components at the discontinuity interfaces.
A preliminary accuracy analysis of the MoL-BBPM applied to an index-confined 1D-PBG waveguide, i.e., a periodically strong etched waveguide grating, originating from the European COST 268 action, has given excellent results compared with those obtained by two home-made simulators based on the analytical Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and the numerical 2D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method [19]. On the other hand, the CPU computing times (of about 5 min on a personal computer Pentium III 800 MHz) of the MoL-BBPM are only a little longer than those occurring for the TMM, while are much more shorter than those evaluated by the FDTD (of about 180 min).
3. Numerical results
First we consider a simple finite-length standard IC-1D-PBG waveguide, i.e,. a single mode optical slab waveguide equipped with an appropriate periodically corrugated overlay (see Fig. 1 without the defect waveguide). The GaAs/Al2O3 waveguide is characterized by the following parameters: core refractive index ng=3.4, substrate refractive index ns=1.6 at the operating wavelength λ=1300 nm; core thickness dg=240 nm. The grating is constituted by a finite number of N alternating layers of air (na=1) and GaAs having the same width (w1=w2=116 nm), spatial period Λ=w1+w2=232 nm and tooth depth h=60 nm.
According to the results shown in [19], we have verified that also for the geometrical and the physical data of the examined structure, the transmission characteristics depend on the number of spatial periods NΛ, the tooth depth h and by the duty cycle, i.e. the ratio of tooth width to groove width w2/w1. In particular we have found that, for N=63 alternating layers and number of spatial periods NΛ=32, the structure acts as a stop band reflection filter, for the TE polarization, centered at the Bragg wavelength λB=1305 nm, with a 3 dB bandwidth equal to 50 nm (see blue line in Fig. 2). For the chosen geometrical and physical parameter values, the Bragg wavelength of the waveguide grating having rectangular grooves can be evaluated according to the approximated formula obtained by neglecting the scattering into radiation modes:
where nt and ng are the refractive effective indices of the two three-layered waveguides corresponding to the tooth and to the groove of the Bragg grating unit cell, respectively.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
By calculation, for the TE polarization we find nt=2.937 for the waveguide having thickness dg and ng=2.738 for the waveguide having thickness (dg-h), thus Eq. (4) gives λB=1316 nm. However, the "exact" Bragg wavelength value directly obtained by the MoL-BBPM is λB=1305 nm.
The incorporation of defect regions gives rise to narrow band transmission windows inside the stop band of the finite-length standard Bragg grating. The considered defect in this analysis is the substitution of a "groove" with a "tooth", i.e., with a segment of GaAs/Al2O3 waveguide, having core thickness dg. Really the introduction of a single defect in any part of the grating does not give rise to significant changes in the stop band while the increase of the defect number, introduced especially in the central part of the grating, gives the maximum efficiency in terms of maximum reflectance in the stop band and channel bandwidth reduction. In fact, the transmittance and reflectance spectra of the structure do not change significantly when the defects are all confined in the neighbourhood of either the input or the output ports, because in this case the defect inclusion induces only the optical shift of the propagating signal in the input or the output port, respectively. On the other hand, the signal optical shift in both the longitudinal propagation directions, induced on the propagating signal along the defect region, assumes an increasing important role as the waveguide inclusion is shifted from the extreme to the central position of the Bragg grating. Anyway, a further increase of the defect number, to parity of device length, reducing drastically the total spatial period number, deteriorates the filter spectral response. For this reason, the spatial period number has been fixed to 32 and a unique defected region L long is introduced in the middle of the IC-1D-PBG waveguide.
Figure 1 shows the layout of the proposed IC-1D-PBG filter: it consists of two equal PBG grating waveguides which include the defect region. The defect region consists of a segment of GaAs/Al2O3 waveguide having length L and core depth dg.
The performance of the IC-1D-PBG waveguide to act as WDM filter is strongly influenced by the defect waveguide length L. As an example, by fixing the defect waveguide length L=1.97 µm and considering a total number of alternating grating layers N=63, the transmission spectrum, depicted in Fig. 2, exhibits in the wavelength range 1260–1350 nm two stop bands separated by a transmission channel having central wavelength λc=1293 nm, 3 dB bandwidth Bλ=12 nm, maximum value of transmission coefficient T=0.95 and minimum reflection coefficient R=0.05. The stop bands centered at λ=1275 nm and λ=1318 nm exhibit a maximum R value of 0.70 and 0.90, respectively. By increasing L to 3.6 µm the spectra do not change significantly, the only difference being the value of the reflectance in the first stop band which reaches the maximum of 0.90.
The channel number Nc increases by increasing the defect waveguide L length. This parameter becomes fundamental to design a demultiplexer: the empirical relationship between the channel number, the defect waveguide L length and the Bragg wavelength λB derived by simulations is Nc≅L/2λB. In the case of L=35 µm, we calculate Nc=12 channels which increase to 22 for L=67 µm. Anyway, in the following investigations we will count the number of channels by considering transmission channels only those having, on their left and right, stop bands characterized by reflection coefficient values greater than 0.75. This number will be named useful channel number Nc,u. Figure 3 shows the useful channel number against the defect waveguide L length. Following the definition, we count Nc,u=8 channels for L=35 µm: this number increases to 18 for L=67 µm.
Figure 4 shows the transmission and reflection spectra in the case of defect waveguide length L=35 µm. As we can infer from the depicted spectra, the system of transmission channels and stop bands is always in the same wavelength range 1260–1350 nm: therefore, if the channel number increases, the channel bandwidth and the channel spacing almost proportionally decrease. Table 1 illustrates the characteristic parameters (useful channel number, the channel spacing Δ and the 3 dB bandwidth) of the index confined photonic band gap demultiplexer as a function of the defect waveguide L length. As we can see from Fig. 4, the index confined photonic band gap demultiplexer characterized by a defect waveguide length L=35 µm exhibits a 3 dB bandwidth for each channel of about Bλ=2 nm, while the channel spacing is 6 nm. These values drastically reduce when an index confined photonic band gap demultiplexer characterized by a defect waveguide length of L=67 µm is considered: in this case a 3 dB bandwidth of only 0.8 nm and a channel spacing of 2.5 nm are obtained. The spectral behaviour of the examined structures can be understood by considering a Fabry-Perot cavity of length L having distributed reflectors at each end consisting of short strong Bragg gratings. This is a special case of filter with one-phase shift section [17,18]. In this sense, the reflection and the transmission spectra can be calculated in terms of transfer matrices of each section constituting the phase-shift Bragg grating. Therefore, the spectral behaviour is linked to the cavity length, the refractive index of the cavity and the Bragg wavelength. The empirical approximated formula of the channel number Nc, obtained by the MoL-BBPM simulations, accounts for these terms.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Moreover, we can observe in Tab.I that the ratio channel spacing/channel 3 dB bandwidth remains practically constant and equal to about 3 by changing the defect length L from 10.8 µm to 67 µm, thus assuring constant optical crosstalk between adjacent channels. In particular, by following the approximate expression of the optical channel crosstalk, evaluated in the case of transmission spectrum of each channel described by a Gaussian distribution [21], given by: CT≅-6.02(Δ/Bλ)2, resulting for our structure Δ/Bλ≅3, we have obtained CT≅-54 dB.
In order to put in evidence the confining performance of the proposed demultiplexer waveguide, Figs. 5 and 6 show the EM field evolution of the electric field Ey component calculated by the MoL-BBPM, for the wavelength values of maximum transmission (λ=1299 nm, R=0.10, T=0.90) and of 3 dB bandwidth (λ=1300 nm, R=0.45, T=0.55), respectively. The pink lines draft the geometrical profile of the IC-1D-PBG filter with the inclusion of the defect waveguide as in Fig. 1. The different behaviour of the EM field propagation for the two wavelength values is outlined in Figs. 7 and 8, that sketch the patterns of the electric field Ey component of the signal launched in the input port (blue line), the reflected field in the input port (red line) and the transmitted field in the output port (green line). We can see that for the wavelength of maximum transmission (λ=1299 nm) the reflected field Ey component (R=0.10) is negligible with respect to the transmitted one, whereas for the 3 dB bandwidth wavelength (λ=1300 nm) the two reflected and transmitted components assumes almost the same values (R=0.45, T=0.55).
Finally, preliminary results, obtained by applying the MoL-BBPM to a similar structure of Fig. 1 made of SiO2 substrate (ns=1.45), Si3N4 core (nc=2), w1=w2=215 nm, N=39, dg=500 nm, h=250 nm, have evidenced excellent properties to be exploited for the design of WDM filters useful for applications in the third window of the optic fiber telecommunications at the central wavelength λ=1485 nm.
4. Conclusion
The filtering properties of an index-confined finite photonic band gap waveguide, incorporating a phase-shifted grating have been investigated. The capability of dropping the EM waves having specific frequencies has been shown to depend quite sensitively upon the defect region length. This PBG structure is very suitable for WDM applications.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
References and Links
1. J.D. Joannopoulos, R.D. Meade, and J.N. Winn, Photonic Crystals. Molding the Flow of Light", (Princeton University Press, 1995).
2. A. D'Orazio, M. De Sario, V. Petruzzelli, and F. Prudenzano: "Numerical modeling of photonic band gap waveguiding structures", Recent Research Developments in Optics, S.G. Pandalai Editor, 2002.
3. S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, and H. A. Haus, "Channel drop tunneling through localized states," Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 960–963 (1998). [CrossRef]
4. C. Jin, S. Han, X. Meng, B. Cheng, and D. Zhang, "Demultiplexer using directly resonant tunneling between point defects and waveguides in a photonic crystal," J. Appl. Phys. 91, 4771–4773 (2002). [CrossRef]
5. H. Kosaka, T. Kawashima, A. Tomita, M. Notomi, T. Tamamura, T. Sato, and S. Kawakami, "Photonic crystals for micro lightwave circuits using wavelength-dependent angular beam steering," Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1370–1372 (1999). [CrossRef]
6. S. Noda, A. Chutinan, and M. Imada, "Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure," Nature , 407, 608–610 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. B. E. Nelson, M. Gerken, D. A. B. Miller, R. Piestun, C.-C. Lin, and J. S. Harris, "Use of a dielectric stack as a one-dimensional photonic crystal for wavelength demultiplexing by beam shifting," Opt. Lett. 25, 1502–1504 (2000). [CrossRef]
8. M. Koshiba, "Wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing with photonic crystal waveguide couplers," J. Lightwave Technol. 19, 1970–1975 (2001). [CrossRef]
9. A. Sharkawy, S. Shi, and D. W. Prather, "Multichannel wavelength division multiplexing with photonic crystals," Appl. Opt. 40, 2247–2252 (2001). [CrossRef]
10. E. Ozbay, M. Bayindir, I. Bulu, and E. Cubukcu, "Investigation of localized coupled-cavity modes in two-dimensional photonic band gap structures," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 837–843 (2002). [CrossRef]
11. S.Y. Lin and J.G. Fleming, "A three-dimensional Optical Photonic Crystal," J.Lightwave Technol. , 17, 1944–1947 (1999). [CrossRef]
12. R. Kashyap, Fiber Bragg Gratings, (Academic press, San Diego, 1999).
13. G.I. Stegeman and D.G. Hall, "Modulated index structure," J.Opt. Soc. Am. A , 7, 1387–1398 (1996). [CrossRef]
14. C.R. Giles, "Lightwave applications of fiber Bragg gratings," J.Lightwave Technol. , 15, 1391–1404, (1997). [CrossRef]
15. R.W. Ziolkowski and T. Liang, "Design and characterization of a grating-assisted coupler enhanced by a photonic-band-gap structure for effective wavelength-division demultiplexing," Optics Letters , 22, 1033–1035, (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. C.F. Lam, R.B. Vrijen, P.P.L. Chang-Chien, D.F. Sievenpiper, and E. Yablonovitch, "A tunable wavelength demultiplexer using logarithmic filter chains," J. Lightwave Technol. 16, 9, 1657–1662 (1998). [CrossRef]
17. R. Zengerle and O. Leminger, "Phase shifted Bragg-grating filters with improved transmission characteristics," J. Lightwave Technol. , 13, 2354–2358 (1995). [CrossRef]
18. L. Wei and J.W.Y. Lit, "Phase-shifted Bragg Grating Filters with symmetrical structures," J. Lightwave Technol. , 15,1405–1410, (1997). [CrossRef]
19. A. D'Orazio, M. De Sario, V. Petruzzelli, and F. Prudenzano: "Bidirectional Beam Propagation Method based on the Method of Lines for the Analysis of Photonic Band Gap Structures," accepted for publication in Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2002.
20. S. Helfert and R. Pregla, "Efficient analysis of periodic structures," J. Lightwave Technol. , 16, 1694–1702 (1998). [CrossRef]
21. G. Murtuza and J. M. Senior, "Analytical tools for the assessment of optical crosstalk in WDM systems," IEE Colloquium on, Digest 1997/036, 16/1–16/4, (1997).


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|Nick Chalko <n...@chalko.com>
|Re: Import basedir
|Wed, 22 Jan 2003 18:36:22 GMT
+1 This seems the reasonable choice. Costin Manolache wrote: >I don't know if a conclusion has been reached - but >I think it is clear that we need a way to support the various >options - regardless of what default is chosen. > >The best solution ( IMO ) is to associate each UnknownElement >with a Source - the file ( or URL, InputSource, etc ) that was >used to read it. The source will be a lightweight Project - with >basedir, name, file, etc. > >Resolving relative paths will be based on the Source or Project- >based on some policy. > >The real problem IMO is the overloading of basedir - too many >options. > >There are 2 intuitive behaviors: >- resolve a relative path based on the file where it was included >- resolve it based on some base dir ( like PWD on unix ). > >Since most ant files are currently using the build file as base - I think >that must be the default, with explicit overrides permitted. > >Disambiguating is another solution - just use a separate property >to describe the "top" file, and use it explicitly in files written >specifically for import ( like fragments ). > >I can start working on an impl this weekend - unless someone else >wants to do it or a different solution is proposed. > >Costin > > >-- >To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com> >For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com> > > -- Nick Chalko Show me the code. Centipede Ant + autodownloadable build plugins + needed jars autodownload. http://krysalis.org/centipede --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com> For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:email@example.com>
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