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Subject: Geoscience
Resource Type
- Activities 1996 matches
- Assessments 56 matches
- Course Information 529 matches
- Curriculum Description 106 matches
- Datasets and Tools 96 matches
- Audio/Visual 202 matches
- Computer Applications 39 matches
- Pedagogic Resources 51 matches
- Scientific Resources 4 matches
- Lecture 1 match
- Career Profile 108 matches
- Supplement 1 match
- Essay 162 matches
Results 1 - 10 of 6520 matches
Assesing the angle of subduction using GeoMapApp part of Courses:Structural Geology:Structure, Geophysics, and Tectonics 2012:Activities
Rory McFadden, Carleton College
This activity has students determine the angle of subduction using GeoMapApp. Students use datasets available within GeoMapApp to examine the influence of the age of oceanic lithosphere and convergence rate on the ...
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Google Earth and Meandering Rivers part of Manage Your Career:Early Career:Previous Workshops:Workshop 2011:Teaching Activities
Amanda Schmidt, Oberlin College
This activity uses Google Earth to introduce students to a variety of measurements related to meandering rivers by looking at how rivers around the world have changed over time.
Learn more about this review process.
Geoscience education research project part of Develop Program-Wide Abilities:Undergraduate Research:2014 Workshop:Activities
Karen Kortz, Community College of Rhode Island
Students complete a scientific research project including asking a question, developing methods, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting data, and communicating results. The research question begins "What ...
Learn more about this review process.
Silurian Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology Lab part of Courses:Paleontology:Activities
Ann Holmes, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga, The
Explores paleoecologic and biostratigraphic uses of graptolites and brachiopods. Exercise is based on Silurian Great Britain data/interpretations published by Ziegler et al., 1968. It illustrates litho- and ...
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Investigation of micropaleontological and paleomagnetic data part of Courses:Paleontology:Activities
Stephen Schellenberg, San Diego State University
Micropaleontological and paleomagnetic data are investigated to construct an integrated biomagnetostratigrahic age model for an Ocean Drilling Program site. Investigation emphasizes the complementary nature of ...
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Taxonomy & Phylogeny: Building and Comparing a Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Bivalve Mollusks part of Courses:Paleontology:Activities
Michael Savarese, Florida Gulf Coast University
This is a two-part exercise that introduces the principles and methods behind taxonomy and phylogenetics. In part I, students, by describing the morphology of various species of modern and fossil bivalve mollusks, ...
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Paleoecology: An Evolutionary Arms Race part of Courses:Paleontology:Activities
Rowan Lockwood, College of William and Mary
In this activity, students divide into groups of 4-5, fine-tune a hypothesis relating to escalation, collect data to test this hypothesis using mollusks from local Yorktown deposits (Pliocene), analyze these data, ...
Learn more about this review process.
A basic trilobite morphometric exercise part of Courses:Paleontology:Activities
John Taylor, Indiana University of Pennsylvania-Main Campus
A lab exercise and follow-up classroom activity in which students measure some trilobite specimens, evaluate the statistical significance of differences documented in data acquired for two different populations, ...
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Relative Geologic Time and the Geologic Time Scale part of Courses:Paleontology:Activities
Bret Bennington, Hofstra University
Group simulation of the development of the geologic time scale illustrating concepts of correlation and relative time. Extremely effective for teaching the significance of the geologic time scale.
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Critical Review of a Journal Article: An Assessment Activity part of Courses:Petrology:Teaching Examples
Dave Mogk, Montana State University-Bozeman
In this exercise students do a formal review of a journal article using review criteria established for the Geological Society of America Bulletin or American Mineralogist. The quality of the students' ...
Learn more about this review process.


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Top Stories
The Best Pitchers Who Never Threw A No-Hitter
July 21, 2016 · by Derek Bain · 1 Comment
The no-hitter remains one of the rarest feats in Major League Baseball as only 237 complete game no-hitters have been hurled since 1901 (roughly 1.5 no-hitters per year). Let's examine a group of pitchers who have never twirled a no-no despite possessing excellent hits-to-innings pitched ratios. The register includes pitchers with Hall of Fame credentials, several aces who flirted with no-hitters or perfect games along with an eclectic mix of wild flamethrowers and journeymen junkballers. I will also comment on the "worst" pitchers to deliver at least one no-hitter in their career ("worst"... [Read the full story]
Lazzari's Vault: Remembering "The Bird"
July 23, 2016 · by Bob Lazzari · Leave a Comment
The year was 1976; "Frampton Comes Alive" was gaining in music popularity, a former football player was still patrolling the White House, and yours truly had just received a driver's license. Baseball season started with my next-door-neighbor, Al–a HUGE Detroit fan–telling me about this eccentric, young kid who had made the Tigers' pitching staff. "They call him 'The Bird,'" Al told me, "because he looks like 'Big Bird' from Sesame Street." Mark Steven Fidrych was his given name and after his first start–a complete... [Read the full story]
Off the Beaten Basepaths #9: The College World Series
July 13, 2016 · by Austin Gisriel · Leave a Comment
Hall of Fame
Pre-Integration Era Committee Releases 2016 Candidates For Baseball Hall of Fame: Sorry, There's No Room in the Inn
October 9, 2015 · by Doug Wilson · 5 Comments
First, let me state categorically that I love the Baseball Hall of Fame; love the history, love the tree-lined streets of Cooperstown in the summer, love the beauty of Lake Otsego, love everything about the place. Most of all, I love the reverence of the hall of plaques, appropriately presided over by life-size statues of The Babe and Mister T. Ballgame. There is nothing more sublime than watching the face of an excited young kid, oversized baseball cap hanging over his ears, with eyes as big as Dodger Dogs, as his dad points out the plaques of immortals like Stan the Man, Hammerin' Hank,... [Read the full story]
Max Watt: The Boston Red Sox's Power Pitching Prospect
December 27, 2015 · by Andrew Martin · Leave a Comment
Scouting is an integral part of professional baseball. Teams employ and send out hundreds of employees tasked with finding the next great players. Although they monitor first-round draft talent, their bread and butter is trying to decipher the future of players who may not have quite as much polish. As a result, some come to believe so much in who they are evaluating that they continue scouting—for years if necessary— until they are able to bring them into the fold. Such is the case with the Boston Red Sox and pitcher Max Watt. Watt, a solid 6'8" right-hander, grew up in New York. After... [Read the full story]
Lazzari's Vault: Remembering "The Bird"July 23, 2016 by Bob Lazzari
The year was 1976; "Frampton Comes Alive" was gaining in music popularity, a former football player was still patrolling the White House, and yours truly had just received a driver's license. Baseball season started with my next-door-neighbor, Al–a HUGE Detroit fan–telling me about this eccentric, young kid who had made... Read more of this article
Big Papi and the Iron Horse—Best World Series Performers Ever?July 14, 2016 by Duke Goldman
In 2016, David Ortiz may end up with the best season anyone has ever had as a 40-year old. Papi is hitting .332 with 34 doubles, 22 home runs, and 72 RBIs. His .426 OBP and .682 slugging percentage means that he has an OPS of 1.107, which not only is the best in baseball, but is better than any other previous season in his Hall-of-Fame-bound career. But... Read more of this article
Potential MLB Awards Names?July 13, 2016 by Matt Nadel
Hey baseball fans! Yesterday, during the pre-game ceremonies of the 87th annual MLB All Star Game, MLB commissioner Rob Manfred officially announced that the AL and NL batting titles have been renamed after Rod Carew and Tony Gwynn, respectively, two of the best hitters in baseball history. This got me thinking: what other awards could be named/created... Read more of this article
Offensive Production in the Major Leagues Continues to IncreaseJuly 9, 2016 by Bill Gilbert
Offensive production in major league baseball steadily declined after peaking in 2000. It reached a low point in 2014 and showed an increase in 2015 followed by an even bigger increase in 2016. The numbers below illustrate key hitting and pitching statistics for the peak year of 2000 and the most recent four years. The 2016 figures are for the... Read more of this article
Lazzari's Vault: "All-Independence Day/All-Patriotic" TeamJuly 4, 2016 by Bob Lazzari
As we celebrate another year of our country's independence this coming week, it's time to present baseball's all-time "All-Independence Day/All-Patriotic" team. I know, folks–TOO much time on my hands! 1B- Derek "Robert E." Lee, Boog "General Colin" Powell, George "Boomer" Scott,... Read more of this article
What the First Half is Saying About the SecondJuly 3, 2016 by Ted Leavengood
The first half is in the books. Can it be trusted? It has great legs and whispers sweet words to us, but is it telling us the truth about what will happen in the second half? The Washington Nationals have been down this road before as have we all. Best first half in team history chirped Chelsea Janes on Saturday morning like a bird too early for the... Read more of this article
Astros Move Into Wild Card Contention in JuneJuly 3, 2016 by Bill Gilbert
The Houston Astros had their best month of the 2016 season in June with a record of 18-8, moving past the .500 mark into second place in the AL West Division. That's the good news. The bad news is that they lost ground to the first place Texas Rangers, falling 8 ½ games behind after being 7 ½ games behind at the end of May. The Rangers were... Read more of this article
Ike Futch on Life in the 1960s Minor LeaguesJuly 2, 2016 by Arne Christensen
Two years ago, I interviewed Ike Futch, who played second base, mostly, for a variety of Yankee minor league teams from 1959 through 1964, about his experiences as a minor leaguer in the Yankee organization at the tail end of its long dynasty. Ike, after graduating high school in Louisiana, always hit .300+ while playing for Class D through Class AA... Read more of this article
When a Rain Delay Becomes Something SpecialJune 29, 2016 by Mickey Rowley
According to Marlins Man's tweet at 2:08 a.m., there were 65 fans left at Yankee Stadium after last night's rain delay. Maybe because they dried out for three hours (the double meaning counts), but when Kirby Yates took the mound at 2:15 a.m. against the Rangers, the tired and true gathered behind the dugout and home plate were remarkably... Read more of this article
Most Deserving All-Star Candidate From Each American League TeamJune 28, 2016 by Hart Rivers
Most Deserving All-Star Candidate From Each Team: AL Edition Baltimore: Manny Machado While Mark Trumbo is enjoying a bounce back season and currently leading the American League in homers, Manny Machado has been one of the best players in the MLB this season. He's hitting .325, good for fourth in the American League, and slugging a ridiculous... Read more of this article
More Posts From General
Off the Beaten Basepaths #9: The College World Seriesby Austin Gisriel
Forty Years Ago The Bird Had His Coming Out Party on a Monday Nightby Doug Wilson
Forty years. Does it seem that long? Not to those who witnessed it. They can remember...
Lazzari's Vault: Remembering "Rapid Robert"by Bob Lazzari
The numbers are staggering: 266 victories, over 3,800 innings pitched, 279 complete...
Major Minnesotans: Tim McIntoshby Matt Johnson
Tim McIntosh was born on March 21st, 1965. The 1983 graduate of Hopkins High School...
Major Minnesotans: Brad Handby Matt Johnson
Miami Marlins pitcher, Brad Hand, was born on March 20th, 1990. The Marlins drafted...
More Posts From Features
Hall of Fame
Pre-Integration Era Committee Releases 2016 Candidates For Baseball Hall of Fame: Sorry, There's No Room in the Innby Doug Wilson
First, let me state categorically that I love the Baseball Hall of Fame; love the...
Posnanski Plays Race Card in His Criticism of Baseball Hall of Fame's Pre-Integration Committeeby Joe Williams
I have a daily Google Alert setup to receive emails on the phrase "hall of...
Trevor Hoffman's Hall of Fame Status Anything But Certainby Ron Juckett
Ken Griffey Jr. and Trevor Hoffman are the headline first-timers next year on the...
Where do the Current Hall of Fame Snubs Rank According to WAR and JAWS?by Tom Stone
With the 2015 Hall of Fame election results recently announced, we saw Randy Johnson,...
Roger Clemens and Barry Bonds Deserve Hall of Fame Inductionby Ron Juckett
Chances are Roger Clemens and Barry Bonds are not going to be inducted into the National...
More Posts From Hall of Fame
Max Watt: The Boston Red Sox's Power Pitching Prospectby Andrew Martin
Scouting is an integral part of professional baseball. Teams employ and send out...
Suns' First Pitch Thrown By Suns' First Pitcherby Austin Gisriel
The Hagerstown Suns of the South Atlantic League asked the retiring sheriff of nearby...
An Interview with Boston Red Sox Prospect Nick Longhiby Andrew Martin
Growing up rooting for a baseball team, and striving to get into position to one...
Carroll enjoys staying on his grindby Paul Gotham
ROCHESTER, NY – More than a decade has passed since Brett Carroll roamed...
Through the Eyes of Patriots Fan: "Hip, hip, Jorge!"by Bob Hurte
Not only was it another beautiful evening at TD Bank park (8/17), it was also a game...
More Posts From Minors

subset: commoncrawl


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Who's Your Buddy?
HTnD's Hot 10 List
- It's Amazing What The Media Puts In The Spotlight And What It Doesn't
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- What Next? Happy Holocaust Day?!?!?
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- Alan Turing: Father Of Computer Science
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The Vault
Neighborhood Watch
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Businesses are relying on technology more today, than ever before. New products and services are dependent on it, and new business models are being created to keep up with advances and new customer demands.Continue reading
Today we'll dive into the energy industry as we continue our series examining how technology is rapidly transforming industries from all sectors. Perhaps no other industry has such a vital symbioticContinue reading
There seems to an increased level of interest for addressing the mass transit needs in Metro Detroit, the area is certainly lacking in reliable mass transit options. We are the Motor City, but are we lookingContinue reading
It's that time of year again when we all slow down, take a little needed vacation time, and celebrate the independence of the United States by blowing things up. Of course I'm talking about fireworks.Continue reading
Today we continue our exploration of how technology is impacting different industries. So far, we have covered the financial, media and health care sectors. What is happening in professional servicesContinue reading
Today we continue our ongoing series looking at the ways technology is transforming various industries by discussing the automotive industry. Many of today's biggest startups and upstarts are in thisContinue reading
You'd think that in 2016 no one would need to be told how serious of a threat cybercrime is, yet we still hear about major data breaches on a regular basis, from Target to eBay to LinkedIn. Are you sureContinue reading
There has been a lot of talk about "platforms" lately — conversations about how they are the future of business, and we all need to create them. For some, this might be an option, but for the vastContinue reading
Last week we shared a glimpse of how technology may transform the workplace and roadways of 2026. Today, we will look at how interconnected technology will continue to revolutionize our personal and homeContinue reading
Technology today is advancing and changing society more rapidly and radically than ever before in human history. These quick transformations and progressions are connected, becoming the building blocksContinue reading


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Top Definition
Old fashioned, out of date, dated, in bad taste.
That T-shirt you are wearing looks pretty tekkish or I do not like the decor of this house, its quite tekkish
de John Falzon 26 Mai 2008
Trending Now
E-mailurile sunt trimise de la firstname.lastname@example.com. Nu-ți vom trimite mesaje nedorite.×


text:
I'm trying to use
preg_match($regexp, $filename) to determine parse some names of files and directories. Specifically, given a string like "directory/subdirectory/filename.h," I want to check whether the string ends in "filename.h"
When all literals (e.g. '/' and '.') are escaped, my test looks like this:
preg_match('/filename\.h$/', ''directory\/subdirectory\/filename\.h');
However, the above line of code returns false.
Oddly, the following line of code returns true.
preg_match('/\.h$/', 'directory\/subdirectory\/filename\.h');
Does anyone know why this evaluates to true when the regular expression is
'/\.h$/' but false when the regexp is


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Dialogue Groups
The Office of Intercultural Affairs hosts a number of identity-conscious dialogue groups that are facilitated by students. Please check out the listing of our Identity-based Dialogue Groups and feel free to follow up with questions!
- GenOne: Navigation for the First Generation College Student
- InterAct
- Leadership Through Diversity ("LTD")
- LGBTQ Self-Identified Group
- Men of Service, Academia, Integrity and Character (MOSAIC)
- Radiant, Inspirational, Sisters Empowered (RISE)
- Whites Becoming Allies (WBA)
Student Clubs
In addition to these identity-conscious discussion groups, there are many opportunities to engage in diversity related clubs and organizations that bring together many different racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual orientation identities. Please visit the Student Activities page to learn more about opportunities through Student Government Association. You can also view a complete list of clubs and organizations here.
- Afro-Caribbean Club
- Desi Club
- Mundos Apartes, Tierras Unidades (M.A.T.U.)
- Asian American Society
- disABILITY Enlightenment Project
- Diversity on Campus
- The Spanish Club
- French Club
- Women's Health & Empowerment Now (WHEN)
- SGA Diversity Committee
LGBTQA Support & Education
LGBTQA Self-Identified Group
This is a peer-led group for any students who self-identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning. Unlike a gay/straight alliance (GSA), this group is intended for students who self-identify as LGBTQ to get together, discuss their experiences here at Stonehill, and find a network of support and solidarity. If you self-identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or asexual and would like to participate in a supportive group on campus, please contact Intercultural Affairs at x1409 or email email@example.com. New members are always welcome throughout the semester!
Safe Zone Workshops
FACULTY/ STAFF TRAINING: Monday, February 8th, 2-4:30pm
STUDENT TRAINING: Tuesday, April 5th 5-7:30pm
Registration via email@example.com
Our Safe Zone program is designed to educate students, staff and faculty who want to serve as allies to individuals who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT). Community members particpate in Safe Zone workshops to better understand information, terms, and experiences of those who identify has LGBT. At the conclusion of the workshop, indivdiuals may choose to post a "Stonehill Safe Space" card on his or her door. This card symbolizes that the person has engaged in conversations to serve as a resource for LGBT community members.
We encourage members of the community who have attended Safe Zone workshops at other institutions to post their cards on their doors. We reserve the "Stonehill Safe Space" cards particularly for those who attended a training at Stonehill because we have conversations unique to our Catholic identity and mission.
Workshops will be offered in the Fall and Spring. For questions, please contact email@example.com.
Trans* 101 Workshops
FACULTY/ STAFF TRAINING: Wednesday, March 2nd, 2-4pm
STUDENT TRAINING: Wednesday, April 13th 5-7pm
Registration via firstname.lastname@example.com
This entry-level session is designed to offer participants a deeper understanding of transgender and non-binary gender identities. Participants will learn basic language, history, and data related to trans* college students.
Faculty and Staff of Color Group
An informal resource and networking group for professionals from racially underrepresented backgrounds at Stonehill. This group meets once each during the fall and spring semester. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Red Flower
Indian Jasmin Purifying Body Wash
Product Actions
Deeply soothe, cleanse and delicately scent the skin. Lather jasmine, neem, almond oil and honey over the whole body with warm, wet hands in bath or shower. Style # 191205065
Need Help? Have Questions? Contact Us.
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Saturday - Sunday, 10:30 AM - 7 PM (ET)
If you prefer email, we can be reached anytime at email@example.com.
Free Shipping & Returns on all U.S. Orders. See Details.


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See All Brands•See All Categories
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Tracking•Help•Contact Us
Retail Price: $16.99
Horse Chestnut (300mg)
Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) is commonly used in a European herbalism. Horse Chestnut is ricly used in saponins and flavones that have been scientifically shown to support the integrity of the vascular system and connective tissue. Rutin, a powerful antioxidant, has been included as a synergist.
Other Ingredients: Gelatin (capsule), Silica and Magnesium Stearate (vegetable source).
Manufacturer's Directions
As a dietary supplement, take 1 capsule twice daily between meals.
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Planetary Formulas Horse Chestnut Cream 4 oz
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Haute Hippie Theodora Embellished Dress
$795 Sold out hautehippie.com
A deep v-neckline, 3/4 length sleeves, and elastic dropped waistband makes ouran instant classic. Style it with a boyfriend blazer for a less attention-grabbing look. Sequin embellishments. 100% embellished silk. Dry clean only.
- Like it to get in stock alerts


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August NPD: Darksiders 2 on top, but 3DS games take spots 2, 3
Death was quite popular in August as Darksiders 2 took the top spot in the latest NPD report, but 3DS games New Super Mario Bros 2 and Kingdom Hearts 3D came in strong at numbers 2 and 3.READ MORE >
"Goodnews, I hope Darksiders continues to do well I love the game."see all 2 comments
July NPD: NCAA on top, but LEGO Batman goes strong
Gaming's summer slump continues, and only the most popular games will survive. As expected, NCAA Football 13 takes the top position in NPD's monthly report.READ MORE >
June NPD: Lego Batman 2, Future Soldier top the charts
Lego Batman 2 topped the June NPD charts, followed by Future Soldier and Diablo 3.READ MORE >
"B&M only. It could account for some of the decline, but I don't think all of it."see all 5 comments
Diablo 3 tops sales charts for May
The games market went to Hell in May. Diablo III topping software sales for the month, according to the latest sales figures from NPD, and helped fuel a resurgence in the PC games space.READ MORE >
"As long as it means I could beat the ever-loving crap out of horrible characters like 'Cy-Gor' ..."see all 57 comments
April NPD: Prototype 2, Kinect Star Wars top the charts
Gamers really wanted to meet their maker, apparently. Prototype 2 topped software sales in April, the latest sales figures from the NPD show. Other strong performers include Shacknews Game of the Year The Witcher 2.READ MORE >
"Just started replaying it this week on PC to experience the "enhanced edition." That new intro ..."see all 3 comments
March NPD: Mass Effect 3 tops month of new games
Unsurprisingly, Mass Effect 3 topped software sales in March, the latest sales figures from the NPD show.READ MORE >
"Agreed! As a long time fan since the original and looking forward to the last game in the ..."see all 4 comments
February NPD: Final Fantasy, Amalur, Twisted Metal make the top 10
February wasn't a particularly shocking month for the games industry. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 is still the best-selling game; Xbox 360 is still the best-selling console (for the twelfth month in a row)...READ MORE >
"Agree about Amular. I'm about 30 hours into it and still having a blast. If you have the ..."see all 3 comments
January NPD: 'New launch performance' down 99% YOY
It's not often you see such dramatic drops in sales. According to the latest data from the NPD, "new launch performance" dropped 99% in January 2012, versus 2011.READ MORE >
"Nothing really came out in January that I can think of so not surprising. "see all 9 comments
Xbox 360 top console in 2011; 1.7M units sold in December
The Xbox 360 was the top selling console for twelve straight months, the NPD Group has revealed. In December, Microsoft sold "more than 1.7 million" Xbox 360 consoles.READ MORE >
"Yeah the link I used was inflammatory, but I think most of us knew it was waaay above average ..."see all 32 comments
December NPD: Modern Warfare 3 maintains top spot in an overall down month
Modern Warfare 3, Just Dance 3, Skyrim, and the Xbox 360 were the December winners as the industry overall 21% versus last year.READ MORE >
"surprising. There were so many good games this year, I thought sales would be higher."see all 3 comments
Xbox 360 sells 1.7M, PS3 up 70% and 3DS hits 795K in November
Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo have provided some insight into the month of November as it pertains to hardware sales for each company. Microsoft was top, pushing an impressive 1.7M units out the door.READ MORE >
November NPD: Modern Warfare 3, Skyrim, Xbox 360 on top
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim were November's big sellers, in a month where Microsoft's Xbox 360 continued to best other hardware platforms.READ MORE >
"Same thing happened with ps2 at the end of it's cycle. They just get so cheap it's almost an ..."see all 7 comments
NPD: Battlefield 3 sold nearly 2M, Arkham City over 1.5M
Though the NPD Group decided long ago to keep data from its monthly sales numbers secret from the general public, some specific sales information for October's heavy hitters were revealed in the company's monthly research email.READ MORE >
"Anything selling a million copies should be considered successful I think."see all 27 comments
Battlefield 3 tops October NPD sales report
October NPD sales figures give Battlefield 3 a big win, beating out Batman: Arkham City, NBA 2K12, and Rage.READ MORE >
"PS3- 250K Wii- 250K Dark Souls is the only game the PS3 version sold more than the 360 version. "see all 2 comments
Nintendo says 3DS on pace to 'surpass' first-year DS sales
Nintendo has announced that the 3DS has reached 1.65 million units sold in the US, and is "posed to surpass first-year sales" of the original DS.READ MORE >
"(Not saying the 3DS is a turd, just that it hasn't met expectations.)"see all 4 comments


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 19, 1960
|Filing date
|Dec 10, 1957
|Priority date
|Dec 10, 1957
|Publication number
|Dell Paul A, Fridrich Elmer G
|Original Assignee
|Gen Electric
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (25), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
July 19, 1960 Filed Dec. 10, 1957 E. G. FRIDRICH ET ELECTROLUMINESCENT LAMP AND MANUFACTURE THEREOF 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Invavtovs: Etmer G.FT"idT"iCh,
Paul, ADeLL, y
M Then" A bdrovnea,
July 19, 1960 E, G. FRIDRICH ETAL 2,945,976
EILECTROLUMINESCENT LAMP AND MANUFACTURE THEREOF 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec.
Irv/an hors: Elmnev G.F1-idr-ich,
Paul, A. Debt, 5W Their A t torneg 2,945,976 7 Pettented July 1 9, 19
ELECTROLUMINESCENT LAMP AND MANUFAC- TURE THEREOF Elmer G. Fridrich and Paul A. Dell, Cleveland, Ohio, as-
signors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Filed Dec. 10, 1957, Ser. No. 701,906
9 Claims. (Cl. 313 108) This invention relates in general to electroluminescent lamps and more particularly to a flexible laminated electroluminescent cell. The invention is also concerned with the process and equipment used in the manufacture of such cells.
An electroluminescent cell comprises a layer of phos phor capable of generating light under the action of an electric field, sandwiched between a pair of conducting plates or films at least one of which is transparent or light transmitting. In the type of electroluminescent cell described in Patent 2,774,004, Jaffe, assigned to the assignee of this invention, the transparent conducting plate or layer is a flexible conductive sheet of compacted glass fibers in the form of conducting glass cloth or paper. The glass cloth or paper is made conductive by subjecting itat a high temperature to the action of salts of metals suchas indium, tin and cadmium, either alone or incombination,
these salts decomposing to form a conductive film inte-.
grally'united with the surface of the glass fibers.
The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved flexible laminated electroluminescent cell of rugged construction and having an improved seal resistant to penetration of moisture.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved flexible laminated electroluminescent cell which is of substantially uniform brightness over its illuminated area and which is resistant to delamina-tion when flexed or bent.
Another object of the invention is to provide an effective and practical process for manufacturing electroluminescent lamps in accordance with the invention.
A further object of the invention is to provide suitable apparatus for the manufacture of electroluminescent lamps in accordance with the invention.
An electroluminescent lamp in accordance with the invention comprises a flexible laminated assembly of phosphor and conductive layers encased in a thin envelope of thremoplastic material completely heat sealed all around its edges.
In a preferred embodiment, the electrically active parts of the cell comprise a thin aluminum foil overcoated first with a layer of barium titanate and then with a layer of an electroluminescent phosphor such as zinc sulfide, both barium titanate and zinc sulfide layers being bound'in a plastic matrix of high dielectric constant. The phosphor layer is contacted by athin sheet of conductive microfiber glass paper. The glass paper is impregnated with a thermoplasitc material such as low-density polyethylene which serves to bind it to the phosphor layer, thereby efiectively laminating the aluminum foil and glass paper. The electrically active elements are encased in an envelope of a suitable thermoplastic material such as high-density polyethylene. The outer envelope affords mechanical protection to .the electrically active elements and also serves to a substantail degree as a moisture barrier protecting the phosphor against the deleterious eflects of moisture. r
In orderto obtain even brightness of the cell face, the
2. laminating requirementsareveuy exacting; The excitation of the'phosphor layeris governed by the strength of the electric field and, because the layer is sothin, the slightest variation-inthickness will resultin uneven lighting oftlie finished lamp. For all'except the smallest sizes of electroluminescent cells; that is excluding cells less than '2 inches on a side, it has proven extremely difiicult' to achieve sufliciently uniform pressure by conventional laminating methods to insure even lighting ofthe finished lamp. High-pressure areas where the phosphor is squeezed thinner are brighter, and low-pressureareasdim mer, resulting in appearancedefects. Conventional tech niques of padding the laminate, suchas the use of paper and thermoplastic sheets alone orin various combinations of interleaving, havenotoffered a practical solution.
According to a feature .of the invention, near to ideal conditions of pressure uniformity in laminating' are ob= tainedby the application of hydrostatic pressure to a thin flexible diaphragmsuch as a metal foil oralplastic sheet laid over an electroluminescent cell lay-up. Thisprocess produceselectroluminescent cells of substantially uniform brightness and practically eliminates lateral flow or change in registry of' the components during lamination.
Accordingto another feature of the invention, .a vacuum lay up process isused to purge the laid-up components of an electroluminescent cell of'gases, and at the same time to hold the parts in perfect'registry until placed in the laminating press. The cell components are laid up on a flat polished plate consisting, at least in part of porous metal to" which a vacuum is applied. The flexible diaphragm' to which pneumatic pressure is applied covers the laid-up components and extends overthe porous portionof the vacuum plate; The vacuum plate vents the gases which would otherwise be trapped, as hydrostatic pressure is applied to the diaphragm, and is also effective in degassing and removing moisture present in the laid-up components.
For'further objects and advantages and for a detailed description of a preferred electroluminescent lamp construction and of the process and equipment used in its manufacture in accordance with the invention, attention is now directed to the following. description and. accompanyin'g drawings. The features of the invention believed to be novel will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims In'the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a pictorial view of a flexible laminated electroluminescent lamp embodying the invention, the various constituent layers being delaminated or peeled open at one corner to show the internal construction.
Fig. 2 is a pictorial view illustrating the lay-up of the cell components on a vacuum plate preparatory to the pneumatic laminating step.
Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view through the platens of a hydraulic press with the pressure andvacuum plates in place and the lay-up of electroluminescent cell components stacked on the vacuunr plate.-
Fig. 4 is a vertical section view throughthe pressure {and vacuum plates and cell during the laminating, step.
Referring .to the drawings and more particularly to Fig. 1, there is shown a hat rectangular electroluminescent cell 1 embodying the invention. The cell is made up of flexible components laminated together and is entirely sealed in plastic material. To give an ideaof its flexibility, acellsuchas illustrated approximately 4 /2 along a side may readily be curved into a cylinder without damage. The cell is energized by applying an alternating voltage, for'instan'ce 118 volts, 60 cycle ALC.,
to the copper screen terminals 2', 3* projecting laterally from the edge of the plastic envelope. The lowermost: film or sheet 4 and the uppermost sheet 5 which form respectively the underside and the topside of the envelope in the finished lamp consist of sheets of thermoplastic material which flows under heat and pressure and welds together along the margins. The material selected must be reasonably tough and stable, in addition to being light-transmitting and preferably fairly flexible. Examples of suitable materials are polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoro polyethylene, polystyrene, methyl methacrylate, vinylidene, vinyl chloride and fluoride polymers. A preferred material consists of high-density polyethylene fihn of 0.003 inch thickness. A rectangular sheet of thin metal foil 6 coated with an insulating layer 7 of high dielectric constant material and thereover a light producing layer 8 of electroluminescent phosphor is placed over the lowermost polyethylene sheet 4 leaving a clear margin all around. A sheet of conducting micro-fiber glass paper 9 is laid over the coated foil leaving a narrow margin of foil uncovered all around. Preferably a thinner sheet 11 of low-density polyethylene is placed over the conducting glass paper and conveniently is of the same size as the high-density polyethylene envelope sheets 4, and extends to their margins. During the laminating process to be described shortly, the low-density polyethylene sheet 11 is substantially liquefied and part of it is forced through the porous glass paper. Thus the glass paper sheet is bound in place, being partly embedded in low density polyethylene sheet 11 and also cemented to the phosphor layer 8 on the aluminum foil. As shown in Fig. 1, the juxtaposed margins of the thermoplastic sheets project substantially beyond the edges of the metal foil and are fused or sealed together.
The coated metal foil 6 may consist of dead-soft annealed aluminum of 0.0008 inch thickness coated with a thin insulating layer of barium titanate dispersed in an organic polymeric matrix, and over-coated with an electroluminescent layer consisting of a phosphor such as zinc sulfide-zinc oxide with suitable activators such as copper, manganese, lead or silver, likewise dispersed in an organic polymeric matrix. Examples of organic polymeric matrices are cellulose nitrate, polyacrylates, methacrylates, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate, alkyd resins, epoxy cements, and polymers of triallyl cyanurate, to which may be added modifying substances or plasticizers such as camphor, dioctyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate and similar materials. A preferred organic polymeric matrix forming a dense tough film of high dielectric constant and good mechanical and thermal staterials and process used in making conducting glass paper.
In order to energize the electroluminescent cell, it is necessary to apply an alternating potential between the conductive layers, that is to the aluminum foil 6 and to the conductive glass paper 9. This may conveniently be effected by means of flattened flexible copper braids or ribbons 12, 13, the former being laid under the aluminum foil 6 between the foil and the lower envelope sheet 4, and the former being laid over the conductive glass paper 9, that is between the glass paper and low-density polyethylene sheet 11. The copper ribbons extend substantially to the edge of the polyethylene envelope sheets at one end and there overlie respectively a pair of laterally projecting copper screens 2, 3. During the laminating step, the copper ribbons become embedded in the thermoplastic sheets and are at the same time pressed against the aluminum foil or the conductive glass paper as the case may be. The ends of the copper ribbons and the copper screens 2, 3 likewise become embedded in the thermoplastic envelope sheets and are pressed in mutual contact. The ends of the screens projecting beyond the thermoplastic envelope serve as contact terminals.
It will be appreciated that when the cell is lit, the phosphor is energized and lights up to the margin 9' of the conductive glass paper. The hand between the margin of the conductive glass paper at 9 and the aluminum foil from 9' to 6 is not illuminated and is opaque. The margin of the thermoplastic envelope projecting beyond the edge 6' of the aluminum foil does not light up but is transparent or at least translucent.
In the preferred laminating process in accordance with the invention, a vacuum procedure is used to purge the laid-up components of the cell of gases and at the same time to hold the parts in perfect registry until placed in the laminating press wherein a pneumatic or hydrostatic laminating procedure is used. Fig, 2 Shows pictorially'the vacuum plate 15 and Fig. 3 shows in section vacuum plate 15 and pressure plate 16 in place between the platens 17, 18 of a hydraulic press 19.
Referring particularly to Fig. 3, the vacuum plate consists of a flat polished metal plate, which may be circular 1 as illustrated in the drawings, and whose upper surface bility and consisting of cyanoethyl cellulose with suitable plasticizers is described and claimed in copending application Serial No. 701,907 of Mary S. Jaffe, filed of even date herewith, entitled High Dielectric Constant Matrices for Electroluminescent Cells, and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. The barium titanate layer dispersed in a cyanoethyl cellulose solution may be applied to the aluminum foil by spraying or preferably through the use of a doctor blade and then dry- 7 consists of bronze with approximately 30% voids.
ing; the phosphor layer, likewise dispersed in a cyanoethyl cellulose solution, may then be applied over the barium titanate layer in the same way.
The conducting glass paper 9 consists of commercially available micro-fiber glass paper 0.001" thick, which is made conducting by dipping in a solution of a metal salt which upon drying and baking at an elevated temperature forms a conducting coating. A suitable solution consists of indium basic trifluoroacetate with stannic chloride (SnCl dissolved in an organic soivent such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate. Reference may be made to copending application Serial No. 347,617, filed April 8, 1953, of Mary S. Jaffe, now Patent 2,849,339, Indium Basic Trifluoracetate and Method of Coating Vitreous Bodies ,Therer with, and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention for a more complete descriptionof the maconsists at least in part of porous metal. Conveniently, a shallow circular recess may be machined out of the upper face of the vacuum plate and a circular plate or disc 21 of porous metal fitted therein. By porous metal is meant a metal having a substantial proportion of voids such as may be produced by powder metallurgy techniques involving pressing and sintering of metal powders. One such suitable material, well-known under the name of Oilite and used for permanently lubricated bearings, A hole 22 drilled edgewise through the vacuum plate communicates with a ring passage 23 underlying the edge of porous plate 21 and is provided with a fitting 24 to which a flexible rubber tube 25 (Fig. 2) may be connected for the application of a vacuum to the porous plate. The circular ring-like passage or groove 23 underlying the edge of the porous plate permits vacuum to be applied uniformly all around its periphery for more etficient venting of gases from the laid-up cell components. The vacuum plate is also provided in its upper surface near its outer edge with a narrow circular groove 26 which communicates with an edgewise drilled hole 27 provided with a fitting 28 to which may be attached a flexible rubber tube 29 for the application of vacuum thereto.
For convenience in laying up the cell components on the vacuum plate, it is removed from the press platen and laid on a suitable bench. In order that the electroluminescent lamp will not adhere to the vacuum plate after laminating under pressure and heat, a mold release agent is preferably first applied to the vacuum plate. A suitable mold release agent is a sheet of polyethylene terephthalate film known under the name Mylar and prospan-97c duced by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. The- Mylar sheet 30, as shown in Fig. 2, may extend in part over the edges of porous plate 21. It will be observed that some of the corners of the Mylar 'sheet extend be.- yond the porous plate; but the Mylar sheet must not cover entirely the porous plate because it is quite imperviousto air and would then effectively prevent the application of vacuum to the cell lay-up. The electroluminescent cells are then laid-up over the Mylar sheet 30 in the manner which has been previously described, that is, first sheet 4 of high-density polyethylene, then aluminum foil 6' coated with the insulating and phosphor layers, then conducting glass paper sheet 9, then low-density polyethylene sheet 11, and finally high-density polyethylene sheet 5. In Fig. 3, the cell components are shown stacked in the proper order, the vertical height or thickness being greatly exaggerated for purposes of illustra tion. The copper ribbon connectors 12, 13 and copper screen terminals 2, 3 are also inserted in place. It may be convenient to assemble several cells at once: for instance, as illustrated in Fig. 2; a pair of lay-ups 31, 32. each comprising a pair of aluminum foil and conductive glass paper stackings with polyethylene sheets overlying both pairs are laid side by side and laminated at the same time.
During the lay-up or stacking of the cell components, vacuum may have been applied to the porous plate to assist in holding the components in place. If vacuum was not previously applied, it is now applied through tube 25 and the vacuum plate is then covered with an impervious sheet 33 to serve as a conformable diaphragm (shown transparent in Fig. 2 for ease of illustration). A suitable material for this purpose is a sheet of Mylar or a sheet of soft-annealed aluminum foil, the latter being preferred. Vacuum is also applied through tube 29 to ring 26 on the periphery of the vacuum plate; this helps to hold down diaphragm sheet 33 and to retain it in place. The diaphragm sheet is now pressed and rolled down flat over the cell lay-up by means of a hand roller 34 in order todrive any trapped air bubbles to the edges, there to be removed by the porous plate. Due to the vacuum applied through the porous plate, atmospheric pressure presses the diaphragm down on the vacuum plate and at the same time any gases or moisture trapped in the cell components are substantially removed. The stacked or laid-up cell componentsare also thereby maintained in registry.
". Pressure plate 16 is now applied over vacuum plate '15 and the two are positioned between the platens of laminating press 19. It is immaterial whether the vacuum plate is positioned lowermost, as illustrated in Fig. 3, for uppermost. The application of vacuum to both the porous plate and the retaining groove in the vacuum plate is continued during the transfer and also during the pneumatic laminating step which follows, the flexible rubber tubes 25, 29 being of suificient length to so per mit. The lower surface of pressure plate 16 is machined out to form a shallow depression 35 surrounded by a deeper rectangular groove 36 in which is accommodated an 'O-ring 37 of high-temperature sealing rubber. A radial hole 38 communicates with the shallow depression 35 and is provided with -a fitting 39 for the application of pressurized fluid or gas to the cavity formed between the vacuum and the pressure plates. The depth of the shallow depression 35 is not important so long as it be great, enough to accommodate the thickest electroluminescent cell lay-up to be laminated, as illustrated in Fig.
'4; It will be appreciated that the surface of the shallow depression 35 in the pressure plate does not engage the surface of the conformable diaphragm 33, the actual pressure against the diaphragm being exerted by the pressurized gas admitted into the cavity.
' v To laminate the cell, the press platens 17, 18 are clamped together, the upper platen being restrained by the side rods 40, 41 and the lower platen being driven upward by piston 42 working in a conventional hydraulic '6 cylinder 43. v The pressure plate 16 is thus forced-down upon vacuum plate- 15, and O-ring 37 pressing aga nst conformable diaphragm 33 seals the space'between the diaphragm and the upper surface of shallow depression 35 in the pressure-plate. Compressed air, or compressed carbon dioxide if more convenient, is now admitted through coupling 39 into the sealed space of shallow depression 35 and exerts a hydrostatic pressure on the cell la'yj-up', Heat is supplied to the press platens by means of sheathedelectrical resistance elements 44 embedded in the faces of both platens. The heat from the platens is comrnunicated through the pressure and vacuum plates to the electroluminescent cell lay-up and causes the polyethylene sheets to soften. Due to the hydrostatic pressure on the conformable diaphragm an even pressure is applied even in the range of C. to 200 C. depending upon the grade. For instance, a temperature of C.' applied for a period of approximately 10 minutes is sufficient to fuse the plastic. The heating elements are then turned off and the plates cooled by circulating water or oil through cooling passageways 45 in the faces of the platens. After cooling, the pneumatic pressure and the vacuum are both released, the press is opened, and the finished laminated electroluminescent cell removed. The coiiformable diaphragm 33 and the lower Mylar mold-release sheet 30 are readily peeled off, and the laminated as.- semblies 3 1, 32 may be sheared in two, each then providing a pair of electroluminescent cells like that illustrated' in Fig. 1.
The use of a hydraulic press is, of course, not necessary to the process in accordance with the invention since the laminating pressure applied to the electroluminescent cell lay-up is produced by the pressurized air or fluid act'- ing'upon the conformable diaphragm. Similar results could be obtained by placing the electroluminescent cell lay-up on its vacuum plate in a suitable autoclave capable of providing the required temperature and withstanding the necessary pressure.
The laminating process in accordance with the invention may also be used advantageously to laminate other electroluminescent cell construction than the preferred ones. specifically described herein. For instance, it may be used to laminate electroluminescent cells similar to those described herein but wherein the conducting glass paper is replaced by a light-transmitting flexible sheet of high-melting point plastic such as polyethylene terephthalate '(Mylar) coated with a thin layer of evaporated metalor semi-conductor such as gold metal or cuporos iodide. It may also be used to laminate cells wherein both conductive layers, that is the aluminum foil and the conducting glass paper of the cell described herein, are replaced by light-transmitting flexible sheets of high-melting point plastic made conductive by suitable treatment.
While a certain specific embodiment of the invention and a specific process for producing an electro-luminescent cell along with preferred equipment for practicing the process have been described in detail, the same is intended as illustrative and not in order to limit the invention thereto. The scope of the invention is to bed?- termined by the'rappended claims.
What we claim "as" new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates is 1. A laminated. evacuated electroluminescent cell assembly comprising an outer envelope of thermoplastic sheets of which at least the front sheet has a light-transmittingportion enclosing and overreaching at their marginal edges an electrically active assembly including a conducting foil coated with an electroluminescent phosphor dispersed in a plastic matrix to which is cemented a sheet of conductive fibers penetrated by thermoplastic 7 material fused to the outer light-transmitting envelope sheet.
2. A laminated evacuated electroluminescent cell assembly comprising an outer envelope of light-transmitting flexible thermoplastic sheets enclosing and overreach ing at their marginal edges an electrically active assembly including a conducting foil coated with an insulating layer of a high dielectric constant material dispersed in a plastic matrix and overcoated with an electroluminescent phosphor dispersed in a plastic matrix to which is cemented a sheet of conductive glass fibers penetrated by thermoplastic material fused to the outer thermoplastic envelope.
3. A flexible laminated evacuated electroluminescent cell comprising in stacked sequence a lowermost flexible thermoplastic sheet, a soft annealed metal foil coated on its upper face with a layer of electroluminescent phosphor embedded in a plastic matrix, said metal foil having its edges spaced from the edges of the thermoplastic sheet, a sheet thereover of conductive light-transmitting material leaving an uncovered margin around the edges of the metal foil, and an uppermost light-transmitting flexible thermoplstic sheet thereover, said thermoplastic sheets having juxtaposed margins projecting substantially beyond the edges of said metal foil and sealed together, the sheet of conductive light-transmitting material being adherent to the uppermost thermoplastic sheet and cemented to the phosphor layer on the metal foil.
4. A flexible laminated evacuated electroluminescent cell comprising in stacked sequence a lowermost highdensity polyethylene sheet, a soft annealed metal foil coated on its upper face with a high dielectric constant material embedded in a plastic matrix and overcoated with a layer of electroluminescent phosphor likewise embedded in a plastic matrix, said metal foil having its edges spaced from the edges of the polyethylene sheet, a sheet thereover of conductive glass paper leaving an uncovered margin around the edges of the metal foil, a film thereover of low-density polyethylene and a sheet thereover of high-density polyethylene, the high density polyethylene sheets being fused along their margins, the fibrous glass paper being embedded in and penetrated by the lowdensity polyethylene sheet and cemented thereby to the phosphor layer on the metal foil.
5. A flexible laminated evacuated electroluminescent cell comprising in stacked sequence a lowermost highdensity polyethylene sheet, a soft annealed aluminum foil coated on its upper face with a high dielectric constant material embedded in a plastic matrix and overcoated with a layer of electroluminescent phosphor likewise embedded in a plastic matrix, said aluminum foil having its edges spaced from the edges of the polyethylene sheet, a sheet thereover of conductive glass paper leaving an uncovered margin around the edges of the aluminum 'foil, a film thereover of low-density polyethylene and a sheet thereover of high-density polyethylene, the polyethylene sheets having juxtaposed margins projecting sub stantially beyond the edges of said aluminum foil and fused together, the fibrous glass paper being embedded in and penetrated by the low-density polyethylene sheet and cemented thereby to the phosphor layer on the aluminum foil and fused to the upper high-density polyethylene sheet.
6. A flexible laminated evacuated electroluminescent cell comprising in stacked sequence a lowermost highdensity polyethylene sheet, a soft annealed aluminum foil coated on its upper face with a high dielectric constant material embedded in a plastic matrix and overcoated with a layer of electroluminescent phosphor likewise embedded in a plastic matrix, said aluminum foil having its edges spaced from the edges of the polyethylene sheet, a sheet thereover of conductive glass paper leaving an uncovered margin around the edges of the aluminum foil, a film thereover of low-density polyethylene and a sheet thereover of high-density polyethylene, the highdensity polyethylene sheets being fused along their margins, the fibrous glass paper being embedded in and penetrated by the low-density polyethylene sheet and cemented thereby to the phosphor layer on the aluminum foil and to the upper high-density polyethylene sheet, and contacts comprising flexible metallic conductors one of them being embedded in the lowermost polyethylene sheet and pressed against the aluminum foil and the other being embedded in the low-density polyethylene sheet and pressed against the conductive glass paper.
7. A method of making an electroluminescent cell comprising positioning an electroluminescent cell lay-up, including outer thermoplastic sheets enclosing and over reaching inner electrically active components comprising a conducting sheet coated with an electroluminescent phosphor having positioned thereagainst a light-transmitting conductive sheet, on a vacuum plate having a porous portion, applying an impermeable conformable diaphragm over said vacuum plate to cover the lay-up and the porous portion of the plate, and applying a vacuum to the porous portion and heat to the lay-up in order to exhaust and fuse the cell.
8. A method of making an electroluminescent cell comprising positioning an electroluminescent cell lay-up, including outer thermoplastic sheets enclosing and overreaching inner electrically active components comprising a conductive sheet coated with an electroluminescent phosphor having positioned thereagainst a light-transmitting conductive sheet, on a vacuum plate having a porous portion in a manner to leave at least a part of the porous portion uncovered, applying a conformable diaphragm over said vacuum plate to cover the electroluminescent lay-up and the porous portion of the plate, applying a vacuum to the porous portion in order to remove air and moisture from the lay-up, and applying hydrostatic pressure to the conformable diaphragm and heat to the lay-up in order to press and fuse the cell.
9. Apparatus for laminating an electroluminescent cell lay-up of the kind comprising outer thermoplastic sheets enclosing and overreaching inner electrically active components including a metal foil coated with an electroluminescent phosphor having positioned thereagainst a sheet of conducting glass paper, comprising a smoothsurfaced vacuum plate having a porous portion for positioning said lay-up thereupon, an impermeable conformable diaphragm for application over said vacuum plate to cover the electroluminescent lay-up and the porous portion of the plate, a pressure plate fitting over said vacuum plate and adapted to make a hermetic seal with said diaphragm, said pressure plate having a cavity therein for 5 accommodating said lay-up, means for clamping the vacuum and pressure plates together, means for applying a vacuum to said porous portion of the vacuum plate, means for applying hydrostatic pressure between the pressure plate and conformable diaphragm, and means for heating the vacuum and pressure plates.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Great Britain Jan. 2, 1957
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|Westinghouse Electric Corp
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|Mar 12, 1963
|Foerderung Forschung Gmbh
|Method of making an ozonizer electrode unit
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|Nov 12, 1963
|Westinghouse Electric Corp
|Electroluminescent device and method of making
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|Gen Electric
|Electroluminescent lamp having envelope of water-impermeable plastic having hydrophilic plastic liner
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|Oct 6, 1964
|Bell Aerospace Corp
|Heat bonding apparatus
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|Dec 15, 1964
|Sylvania Electric Prod
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|Nov 2, 1961
|Apr 6, 1965
|Gen Electric
|Electroluminescent lamp and manufacture thereof
|Sep 13, 1961
|Dec 28, 1965
|Gen Electric
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|Feb 22, 1966
|Gen Electric
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|Mar 29, 1966
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text:
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text:
Present address: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Autophagy is an immediate macrophage response to Legionella pneumophila
Version of Record online: 9 MAR 2005
DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00509.x
Cellular Microbiology
Volume 7, Issue 6, pages 765–778, June 2005
Additional Information
How to Cite
Amer, A. O. and Swanson, M. S. (2005), Autophagy is an immediate macrophage response to Legionella pneumophila. Cellular Microbiology, 7: 765–778. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00509.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 9 MAR 2005
- Version of Record online: 9 MAR 2005
- Received 18 September 2004; revised 1 December 2004; accepted 14 December 2004.
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
After ingestion by macrophages, Legionella pneumophila enter spacious vacuoles that are quickly enveloped by endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then slowly transferred to lysosomes. Here we demonstrate that the macrophage autophagy machinery recognizes the pathogen phagosome as cargo for lysosome delivery. The autophagy conjugation enzyme Atg7 immediately translocated to phagosomes harbouring virulent Legionella. Subsequently, Atg8, a second autophagy enzyme, and monodansyl-cadaverine (MDC), a dye that accumulates in acidic autophagosomes, decorated the pathogen vacuoles. The autophagy machinery responded to 10–30 kDa species released into culture supernatants by Type IV secretion-competent Legionella, as judged by the macrophages' processing of Atg8 and formation of vacuoles that sequentially acquired Atg7, Atg8 and MDC. When compared with autophagosomes stimulated by rapamycin, Legionella vacuoles acquired Atg7, Atg8 and MDC more slowly, and Atg8 processing was also delayed. Moreover, compared with autophagosomes of Legionella-permissive naip5 mutant A/J macrophages, those of resistant C57BL/6 J macrophages matured quickly, preventing efficient Legionella replication. Accordingly, we discuss a model in which macrophages elevate autophagy as a barrier to infection, a decision influenced by regulatory interactions between Naip proteins and caspases.


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Wednesday, 19 Sep 2012
Microsoft Warns of Poison Ivy Trojan
Microsoft releases a temporary software fix for a newly discovered vulnerability in its Internet Explorer web browser, which attackers can exploit by installing the Poison Ivy trojan.
Tuesday, 18 Sep 2012
Silicon Power Presents Superior CF 1000X Professional CF Card for Photographers
Providing transfer rates of up to 150MBps as well as a larger storage capacity of 128GB, the SP Superior CF 1000X aims to satisfy professional photographers' need in storing more high-quality images, 3D or Full HD videos in just one single memory card.
Lensbaby Ignites Creativity with Spark
Spark is a lightweight lens with a unique 50mm selective focus multi-coated glass doublet optic, which features an f/5.6 fixed aperture providing ease of use for new Lensbaby enthusiasts.
Motorola Unveils Intel-Powered Razr i
Motorola and Intel today announced the Razr i, the first smartphone to run on a 2.0GHz processor.
Club 3D Expands Lineup of Radeon HD 7000 Series
Club 3D has added the Radeon HD 7750 4096MB DDR3 and Radeon HD 7750 1024MB DDR3 graphic cards to its Radeon HD 7000 Series.
Google Buys Instagram's Rival, Snapseed
Google has just forked out an undisclosed amount for Snapseed's developers, Nik Software. Snapseed is a mobile photo-editing software, and they're also allegedly Instagram's biggest rival.
Panasonic Officially Announces Lumix G X 35-100mm f/2.8 Telephoto Lens for Micro Four Thirds
Panasonic officially announces the LUMIX G X VARIO 35-100mm F2.8 POWER O.I.S. telephoto zoom lens (35mm camera equivalent of 70-200mm) based on the Micro Four Thirds standard.
Huawei Outlines Vision for LTE in Asia Pacifc
Huawei today unveiled its "No-Edge" vision for the future of LTE at LTE Asia 2012.
SanDisk Announces ReadyCache Solution for Improved PC Performance
An easy-to-install SSD caching solution, it boosts a desktop computer's boot, shutdown, and application launch time, allowing for a more responsive computing experience, while utilizing the existing hard drive's storage.
AMD's Hondo APU will Only Support Windows 8 at Launch
AMD's new Hondo APU will only support Windows 8 at launch, according to The Inquirer who spoke to Mr. Steve Belt, corporate VP of ultra-low power products. AMD is forgoing support for the Android OS for now; however, it is possible to install Linux on devices powered by this new APU.


text:
Upcoming Movies
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The Latest Horror Movie News Served Fresh Daily Since 2005
Warm Bodies
Written by Herner Klenthur, September 2, 2012
After a zombie becomes involved with the girlfriend of one of his victims, their romance sets in motion a sequence of events that might transform the entire lifeless world.
Popular Galleries & Top Lists
Best & Worst Horror Movies of 2012
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[Trailer]From the Director of the 'The Collector' comes 'The Neighbor'
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Official Trailer for the 'Planet of the Sharks'
Negan and Tigers and The Kingdom Oh My! Check Out the Trailer for 'Walking Dead' Season 7
'Rocky Horror Picture Show' Gets a New Comic Con Trailer
FOX Releases Comic Con Trailer for 'The Exorcist' TV Series
Get Impaled by the Official Teaser Trailer for 'Pitchfork'
First Official Trailer for 'The Remains'
The Official 'Ice Sharks' Trailer Has Landed
New Official Photos from 'American Exorcism'


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Telephone & Addresses
(1 - 4 from 21
Siobhan McDermott
11954 Montauk NY
Siobhan McDermott
60563 Naperville IL
Siobhan McDermott (Age: 49)
10017 New York NY
Siobhan Mcdermott, 48, Arlington Heights, E Talbot St
View Siobhan's social profiles and photos on Facebook, MySpace, and +40 Networks.
Yellow Page contacts
Network Profiles
(1 - 4 from 70
(1 - 4 from 10
Seacoast roundup: Exeter golf places sixth in Div. I
05.10.2012 [Seacoastonline.com] - Berwick's top finishers were Emily Duchene (sixth, 23:38), Siobhan McDermott (ninth, 24:18), Claire Breger-Belsky (13th, 25:06), Lydia Waldo (15th, 25:29) and Mel Mait (16th, 25:30). Berwick will race next at Concord Academy on Wednesday. RESERVE
Girls lacrosse: Berwick girls finding their rhythm - Sports -...
SOUTH BERWICK, Maine — The Berwick Academy girls lacrosse team has proven it can come from behind. The Bulldogs just don't want it to become a habit.
lastFM: (Music-Of-V)
Age: 21, female, United Kingdom
BADMINTON - Independent.ie
Sligo Tennis Club represented Connacht in Division 3 with Captain Deirdre Lavin having guided her team through the Sligo Finals.The team is a mix of experience...
Business Profiles
(1 - 4 from 6
Siobhan McDermott | Glenbeigh Construction Ltd. | ZoomInfo.com
Siobhan McDermott is the Financial Controller for Glenbeigh Construction. Siobhan has over 15 years experience in financial and accoutns managment.
Siobhan Mcdermott - New York, New York - STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT...
Get Info On Siobhan Mcdermott Who Works At STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONSULTING Management Consulting
Siobhan McDermott | Scottish Borders Council | ZoomInfo.com
View Siobhan McDermott's business profile at Scottish Borders Council and see work history, affiliations and more.
Siobhan McDermott | Strategic Management Consulting | ZoomInfo.com
Find business contact information for Siobhan McDermott, HARRIS RAND LUSK and see work history, affiliations and more.
Private Homepages
Practice Profile | Peter Daniel - Architect
Working as a sole Landscape practitioner, he has worked with Siobhan McDermott, and they have done a series of interpretation projects in the Scottish Borders ...
Founder Pai Skincare Limited. SIOBHAN MCDERMOTT. General Manager CI Feelunique.com. SUE PEART. Editor YOU magazine. TRACEY WOODWARD.
Siobhan McDermott Stats Berwick 2012-15
Siobhan McDermott Stats Berwick 2012-15
classmates: Siobhan Mcdermott
North Medford High School, Medford, OR, 1999-2003
classmates: Siobhan Mcdermott
Wilmington High School, Wilmington, DE, 1988-1992
Bad news
William McDERMOTT Obituary - Lakewood, OH | The Plain Dealer
McDERMOTT WILLIAM FRANCIS McDERMOTT, age 68. Dear father of ... and Kevin; loving grandfather of Tara and Billy Crowley, John, Lauren, Siobhan McDermott. Obituaries.
McDERMOTT v. COFFEE BEANERY LTD | FindLaw
Case opinion for NY Supreme Court, Appellate Division McDERMOTT v. COFFEE BEANERY LTD. Read the Court's full decision on FindLaw.
Siobhan McDermott is fundraising for Jersey Hospice Care
... of cycling?!! Page owner Siobhan McDermott ... By mobile internet Scan this code on your smartphone to go straight to Siobhan McDermott's page. Qr Code.
Siobhan McDermott is fundraising for Cancer Research UK
JustGiving - the easiest way to fundraise and donate to charity online
Books & Literature
Clinical Skills in Children's Nursing - Imelda Coyne, Fiona Timmins,...
Children's nurses require excellent clinical skills to provide high quality care to children and young people across a range of different ages. After the first...
Related Documents
Exploring for the future | The Housing Executive
Siobhan McDermott, from Lisanelly Regeneration Group which is part of the OHCN, explained: "We were keen to develop individual and ...
Siobhan McDermott v Coffee Beanery :: 2004 :: New York Appellate...
Siobhan McDermott v Coffee Beanery - 2004 NY Slip Op 04107
GK House launch Art Diversity Project | The Housing Executive
The GK House Community Garden has been a hub of activity in recent months, as members worked enthusiastically with artist Tim McCarthy to plan, design and work...
Becks' beard voted worst ever by Brit women. - Free Online Library
Free Online Library: Becks' beard voted worst ever by Brit women. by
Video & Audio
AVG's Siobhan McDermott gives parenting tips - YouTube
Co-author of Little Bird Siobhan McDermott in the video below gives some helpful advice to parents who are try to keep their children safe and educated. Lear...
Siobhan McDermott - YouTube
now wife in a very unique way. Tracey thought we were just going to ... Siobhan ...
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OBITUARIES - The Washington Post
... two daughters, Kerry Ann KonKolics of Parkton, Md., and Siobhan McDermott of New York; a sister, a brother and two grandchildren.
The Kate Effect: Princess has style the girls all want to copy |...
ROYAL beauty Princess Kate is the star most women want to look like.
Revealed... the beauty secrets women keep from their men | UK | News...
THE average woman hides eight beauty secrets from her partner, a study reveals.
Duchess of Cambridge steals the crown from Kate Moss as our new...
One in three beauty shoppers now admit to buying products all in the name of emulating Kate Middleton, not Moss, according to a new survey.
Reports & Statements
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Google Groups: can't get rid of worm!!!!
11.06.2003: Siobhan McDermott siobhan.mcderm...@nuigalway.ie microsoft public
pinterest.com: Siobhan McDermott on Pinterest
Profile Picture of Siobhan McDermott · Link to Facebook Account · Link to RSS Feed · 0 Boards · 4 Pins · 2 Likes · Comment · Repin Like. DISCO BOUQUET! yes.
Complications of the heart :) - neverSHOUTsibz [sibz_rampage] on...
Complications of the heart :) - Siobhan McDermott [neverSHOUTsibz] on Plurk.
Siobhan, Author at Students Without Borders
 Hi, my name is Siobhan McDermott and I am in my final year at the University of Guelph. The program that I am currently in is: Bachelor of Arts ...
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Siobhan Mcdermott - WikiName
Siobhan Mcdermott in WikiName. Who is Siobhan Mcdermott? Search results for Siobhan Mcdermott.
SIOBHAN MCDERMOTT, director at OMAGH COMMUNITY HOUSE , company...
SIOBHAN MCDERMOTT business informations. Free company director profile of SIOBHAN MCDERMOTT. CCDNI.com is free database information around company directors...
SIOBHAN MCDERMOTT Athlone, CO WESTMEATH,Tel:906498299,Unit 1...
SIOBHAN MCDERMOTT Athlone, CO WESTMEATH. Tel:906498299. Address:Unit 1 Daneswell Business Park, Athlone, CO WESTMEATH. Fax:906490620. SIOBHAN MCDERMOTT,...
Siobhan McDermott & Matthew Hastings - Wedding Registry - Medford -...
Siobhan McDermott and Matthew Hastings of Medford, OR have a wedding registry at MyRegistry.com. View all of the items on one universal gift list.
Siobhan McDermott's Library - Explore latest - 4Good
Alternatively, you can always email us directly at firstname.lastname@example.com. Start a Conversation Cancel. Siobhan McDermott. Joined 5 months ago ...
Siobhan McDermott | Seelio
Seelio lets you share your work with the world and build your online presence.
Siobhan McDermott
Siobhan McDermott. Jealous Reality TBBT (UPDATE) · jack_luvxx: January 6th, 2011. Current Mood: disappointed awful! Title: Jealous reality. Rating: PG
Siobhan McDermott (@siomac14) • Instagram photos and ...
See Instagram photos and videos from Siobhan McDermott (@siomac14)
Siobhan McDermott | Queen's University Belfast - Academia.edu
Academia.edu is a place to share and follow research.
Irish Mountain Running Association
Siobhan McDermott. Details · Results. Details. Results Recorded: 1. Current Enduro Points: 82.3. Maximum Enduro Points: 82.3. Races per Year. JavaScript is ...
Siobhan's Status Updates | Twii Social Network
Siobhan McDermott's on Twii. You can follow Siobhan McDermott on Twii now for free. Twii is a great place to share with friends and family.
Siobhan Mcdermott – siobhyy | Depop
Siobhan Mcdermott. @siobhyy. 71 Followers – Following 74. Follow. Siobhan Mcdermott is not selling anything yet. About · Blog · Support · Press · Jobs.
Siobhan McDermott - Copra
We are delighted to be members of Copra. It provides a supportive and nurturing channel in which premium retailers, suppliers and experts can interact in a
Your10 - Siobhan Mcdermott
A self-confessed sceptic when it comes big claims in beauty, Siobhan McDermott is a hard act to crack. With over 20 years in the industry, she"s seen it all so ...
Siobhan McDermott. Siobhan McDermott. Supported Projects; Susan Crawford The Vintage Shetland Project. Fashion & social history intertwine in the Vintage Shetland
The archaeology of the twelve tates of McKenna, c. 1591 | Siobhan...
By Siobhan McDermott in Landscape Archaeology and Early Modern Ireland.
About our Players | NORTH SHORE VIPERS
Siobhan McDermott - Berwick Academy Julia Mini - Berwick Academy Leah Heinze - Pingree School Jess Leone - Andover High School Kayla St. Pierre ...
Berwick Academy, South Berwick, Third Trimester Honor Roll,...
... Alicia Leavitt (Haverhill, Massachusetts); Drew Macdonald (Durham, New Hampshire); Siobhan McDermott (North Andover, Massachusetts); ...
Digital technologies in the beauty industry - raconteur.net
Mobile and digital technologies have had a major impact on the beauty industry and have created new buying habits and ways to share fashion
Construction Industry Federation - Entry Detail - Glenbeigh...
Fax : (01) 8227009. Email : email@example.com. Website: http://www.gcon.ie. Contact: Ms Siobhan McDermott. Role: Financial Controller. Member No.
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Jakarta expat Community for Jakarta expats
InterNations worldwide » Indonesia expats » Jakarta expats
Henrik Olsen
Living in Jakarta, from Norway
"I was amazed how many other members in Jakarta share the same interests as me. And some of them come from Norway, too ! "
Megan Turner
Living in Jakarta, from USA
"It's a really helpful site: Via InterNations, we found an international playgroup for our kids (6 and 8 years old) here in Jakarta."
InterNations - a trusted Network & Guide for Expats in Jakarta
- Build up valuable contacts with like-minded Jakarta expats
- Find reliable information and trustworthy tips about the expat life in Jakarta
- Join top-class InterNations events to meet fellow expatriates in town
Our Friendly Community of Expats in Jakarta Welcomes You!
Selamat datang, and a warm welcome to our expat community in Jakarta, the rich and vibrant capital city of Indonesia. As an exclusive network for expatriates around the globe, InterNations is your platform to navigate the adventures and challenges of relocating to this thriving Southeast Asian city. We offer a wide variety of resources to make adapting to life in Jakarta as easy and pleasurable as possible. We're a growing community, so please feel free to contribute to this section with your own recommendations and experiences! When you join InterNations, you'll find answers to a range of key concerns, such as how to adapt to Jakarta's conservative culture, where the best places to live are, and how to get the best out of Jakarta's healthcare system. We pride ourselves on facilitating a friendly, inclusive expat community at InterNations, and our members are always happy to offer advice and support for any issues you may be facing. Our goal is not simply to connect you to your fellow travelers, but to help you to integrate fully into the Indonesian way of life. A fascinating and multi-faceted city, Jakarta offers everything from the bustling traditional markets of Pasar Baru and Pasar Tanah Abang to the sleek modern shopping malls of Plaza Indonesia and Senayan City, plus a rich and diverse nightlife and nearby national parks housing some of Indonesia's most distinctive flora and fauna.
Curious to explore other communities in Asia & Oceania, e.g. our chapter for Riyadh Expatriates? Or you might think of stopping by at our Expats Amsterdam community on your next weekend trip.
Our Services for Jakarta Expatriates
Jakarta Expat Guide
Read Up on Expat Life in Jakarta
A sprawling metropolis housing over 12 million people, Jakarta is a colorful and multifaceted city with a great deal to recommend to the adventurous expat. Traditional Indonesian culture routinely rubs shoulders with Western-style shopping malls and nightclubs, making for a uniquely blended experience. Many expats who settle in the city initially move here for work-related reasons — Indonesia is South Eastern Asia's largest economy and as such Jakarta is one of the main business hubs of the region. As a nation rich in natural resources, mining and agriculture play a large role in the Indonesian economy, but electronics, manufacturing, and mechanical engineering are also big business — alongside tourism and service delivery. The sheer scale and activity of this city can be a little intimidating at first, but once you settle into the rhythm of Jakarta, you'll find it to be a fascinating and rewarding place to live.
Build Your Expat Network in Jakarta with InterNations!
InterNations is a unique community that is built on the principles of trust, respect, and friendly exchange between members, creating a safe platform for you to interact with fellow expats, both online and in real life. Feel free to ask questions and share your experiences of all aspects of life in Jakarta, from finding suitable accommodation to getting around the different parts of the city. If you're looking to meet new people, Jakarta's sizeable expat community means there are many opportunities for socializing, including voluntary work with local charities, sports and leisure activities, and outdoor adventures in nearby areas such as Mount Galunggung and Ujung Kulon National Park. Don't forget to check out InterNations' special social events, where expats will have the chance to gather together to share their stories over delicious food and drinks with live entertainment, special discounts, and more!
Also take a look at our network for Expatriates Khobar (Eastern Prov to experience InterNations all over the globe. Or you could take a peek at our community for Beijing Expat instead!
Other InterNations Communities in Indonesia
Click on the map to find communities worldwide:
Join the World's Number One Expat Community
Make the most of your stay abroad!Join now, it's free


text: This painting of three Mallard ducks sitting on a river bank was produced in 2010 on canvas, using oils. The painting is done to a size of 12″ × 16″, and based on two old photographs of the same duck sitting on a river bank, combined in to one composition and art worked up. I think these were the first Mallard ducks I painted. The light of the sky reflecting on the water helps to create a tonal contrast in the painting and enhance the outline of the main duck.


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Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, Stavanger
Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, Stavanger
Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, Stavanger
Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, Stavanger
Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, Stavanger
Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, Stavanger
Hotel near Old Stavanger combines charm with modern comfort
Only 15 minutes from the airport, this hotel stands in Stavanger city center near the train station and harbor area. A convenient airport bus stops in front of the accommodation. Top cultural attractions like the Old Town are just steps away, and fjords, mountains and North Sea beaches are just a few minutes' drive outside the city. All 215 rooms and suites boast upscale amenities like a pillow menu and Free high-speed, wireless Internet. Enjoy breakfast, lunch or dinner at the sunny Atrium Restaurant or savor Norwegian cuisine at the 26 North Restaurant & Social Club. Home to the city's only child-friendly hotel swimming pool, the on-site Royal Spa also includes a fitness center, sauna, and Jacuzzi. Featuring 4 meeting rooms, the hotel can host Stavanger conferences and receptions of up 100 guests. The Radisson Blu Royal Hotel is a non-smoking property.
Current Weather
At a Glance
Local Attractions
Wander the cobblestone streets of Old Town, home to charming historical architecture and to exciting shopping and dining options.
Relax in Style
A total of 3 distinctive room styles await you at the Radisson Blu with each accommodation featuring Free high-speed, wireless Internet access.
Room Service
Enjoy a quite meal anytime with 24-hour room service.
Restaurants in Stavanger
Taste Norwegian dishes at 26 North Restaurant & Social Club and enjoy the Super Breakfast Buffet in the sunny Atrium restaurant.
Royal Spa
Enjoy a soak in the Jacuzzi, unwind in the spacious relaxation area or go for a swim in the pool.
Family-friendly Services
Kids love our child-friendly pool while parents appreciate the children's specials at the restaurant.
For peace of mind and added convenience, take advantage of our underground parking garage.
Productive Meetings
Host events of up to 100 guests inside our 4 meeting rooms.
Stay fit! Discover our dedicated running and cycling routes while staying with us.#BluRoutes
Hotel Video
View an introductory video of the Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, Stavanger.READ MORE
Virtual Tour
Step inside with our virtual tour of the Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, Stavanger.READ MORE
Gift Card
Treat someone to the perfect gift for those special occasions. The Radisson Blu Gift Card is easy to use and valid for 2 years.Read more about Gift Cards
Enjoy more points, more partners and more places with Club Carlson – the global hotel rewards program from the Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group.Read More


text:
The Harddrive of my Laptop crashed, so now i want to install a clean new copy of Windows Vista (on a new HDD ), i cant run the old System to make a Backup of the Mails like Outlook Help wants me to do, i only have a Bakup of the Files of the old System, so the files that Outlook stores it's Data in /Users/Me/AppData/Local/.. , how can i restore the Mails to the new Installation? Will it work if i just copy the old files to the new system?
As you surmised, the basic steps involve moving Outlook's OSTs/PSTs over. The following articles are too long to quote/rewrite in their entirety, so I'm just going to provide links here:


text:
The Town of Hardwick is an Equal Opportunity Employer and Provider.
Town Superintendent of Water Pollution Control Facilities
The Town of Hardwick is seeking a Superintendent for the Town's Water Pollution Control Facilities.
The Superintendent will work under the direction of a three member Board of Sewer Commissioners and will be responsible for all regulatory compliance, sampling and reporting, budgeting, purchasing and alternating weekend coverage.
The position requires a high school diploma, a minimum MA grade 5C wastewater treatment plant operator's license, a valid driver's license and at least three years of supervisory experience.
Salary range: $55,500- $72,500 depending on qualifications
To apply send resume and cover letter to: Hardwick Sewer Commissioners, Box 575, Gilbertville, MA 01031.
Quabbin Regional School District Committee
The Hardwick Board of Selectmen is accepting letters from registered voters interested in serving on the Quabbin Regional School District Committee.
The person so appointed shall perform the duties of the office until the next annual town election.
Letters of interest may be submitted to:
Board of Selectmen
P.O. Box 575
Gilbertville, MA 01031


text:
Can altruism stabilise international climate agreements?
We study the impact of altruism on the stability of international climate agreements. We consider the standard two-stage game for the analysis of international environmental agreements where countries announce their participation at the first stage and abatement levels are chosen at the second stage. We modify the game to consider altruism in the participation decision, i.e. countries consider, to a certain extent, the net benefits for other countries in their decisions. We study two types of altruism: impartial altruism, where countries show a concern for all other countries, and community altruism, where the concern extends only to coalition partners. We use the stability of coalitions model (STACO) to illustrate the impacts of both types of altruism on the stability of a climate agreement. We find that a limited degree of altruism is sufficient to stabilise the Grand Coalition such that a globally efficient climate policy can emerge while in the absence of altruism only a fraction of countries would join a climate agreement and the benefits of cooperation would largely remain unexploited. Our results indicate how moving beyond national interests can support the success of international climate agreements.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Volume (Year): 81 (2012)
Issue (Month): C ()
Pages: 112-120
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolecon
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Meet Sherlock! This handsome young fellow was originally surrendered to the Care Center in Dec 2014 due to the NYCHA ban, and was adopted shortly after. He was recently returned again when his caregivers no longer had the time to care for a pet (?)...his notes state he is friendly, come see for yourself and help Sherlock find his forever home
Sherlock is located at the Brooklyn Animal Care ...
Jul 27 -
New York City :
Brooklyn - Dogs & puppies
Beautiful Purebred Boxer Puppies for sale, taking deposits now, they're 6 wks old. Born 6/13. Mom & dad on premises. UKC registered. Tails & Few claws done. Will all be Vet checked & first shots this week. Nice mix of fawn, Brindle & a white male. If interested please or have any questions feel free to contact me at 401- 332-0032.
Jul 23 -
Rhode Island :
Warwick - Dogs & puppies
A volunteer writes: Attention Boxer lovers! Bolo shows all the telltale signs of being a Boxer mix– his tail never stops wagging, he's very eager to please, and you look away for one second only to find him rolling over for play time. He also has the characteristic folded-over ears, white paws and chest, and white diamond on his back. Bolo is very friendly and energetic, loves to give kisses ...
Jul 22 -
New York City :
Brooklyn - Dogs & puppies
I have 10 American bulldog Boxer mix puppies they will be ready to go now they will be dewormed first set of needles and vet checked.we have 6 males and 4 females . Last photo is with daddy he's our boxer . Mom is the bulldog both mom and dad are here and you can meet them both .
TEXT ONLY PLEASE, they cost 500 $ each,They are cute and lovely male and female available now, TEXT Your email ...
Jun 27 -
Brattleboro :
Rutland - Dogs & puppies
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


text:
Interested in Lancaster?
We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for Lancaster each week.
Topics include Dining Scene, United States: For Foreign Visitors & more!
Lancaster County is located in Southeastern Pennsylvania, about equal distance from Harrisburg, Philadelphia, and Gettysburg. There is a lot to do all year round in Lancaster!
In the fall, nothing beats the bountiful tastes and sights during harvest season. As you explore the landscape, you can't miss the plentiful orchards and farms, find fresh produce and other delicacies at local farmers markets or road side stands. Enjoy corn mazes and harvest festivals.
In the spring you can head outside to soak up the warmer weather. Hit the local art festivals in downtown Lancaster, or head to Clipper Magazine Stadium as the Barnstormers go to bat for a brand new season! Grab your sneakers for a bike or hike, and get outside to enjoy the fresh blooming flowers.
Fun for all ages abounds in Lancaster during the summer months. Children of all ages will enjoy fun in the sun at Dutch Wonderland Family Amusement Park and Hershey Park, plus railroad and farm activities. There are lots of festivals and firework displays to enjoy throughout the summer!
In the winter months, celebrate the holidays with amusement park activities, visits with Santa, twinkling lights, small town festivities, sleigh rides, candlelight tours, and much, much more! Escape from the winter chill in the cozy shops and restaurants, explore a historical attraction, or enjoy a musical or theatrical performance. Plus, check off your gift list at local outlets, furniture and quilt shops, art galleries, and more!