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Optically assisted transfection is emerging as a powerful and versatile method for the delivery of foreign therapeutic agents to cells at will. In particular the use of ultrashort pulse lasers has proved an important route to transiently permeating the cell membrane through a multiphoton process. Though optical transfection has been gaining wider usage to date, all incarnations of this technique have employed free space light beams. In this paper we demonstrate the first system to use fibre delivery for the optical transfection of cells. We engineer a standard optical fibre to generate an axicon tip with an enhanced intensity of the remote output field that delivers ultrashort (~800 fs) pulses without requiring the fibre to be placed in very close proximity to the cell sample. A theoretical model is also developed in order to predict the light propagation from axicon tipped and bare fibres, in both air and water environments. The model proves to be in good agreement with the experimental findings and can be used to establish the optimum fibre parameters for successful cellular transfection. We readily obtain efficiencies of up to 57 % which are comparable with free space transfection. This advance paves the way for optical transfection of tissue samples and endoscopic embodiments of this technique.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
1. Introduction
Laser initiated delivery of foreign DNA and therapeutic agents into living mammalian cells (laser-assisted cellular transfection) has proved to be a significant method for studying and elucidating basic cellular processes and genotypic changes inside cells. The ability to permeate the lipid cell membrane in a sterile and non invasive manner without compromising the cell viability would be a powerful tool especially in fields such as applied drug discovery and gene therapy.
Traditional transfection methods include the application of electrical pulses, direct cell microinjection as well as chemical techniques to transfer a gene of interest inside a cell. However, the invasive nature of these methods may raise associated problems concerning cell viability and delivery efficiency. In comparison to these methods, laser methods offer single cell selectivity and are sterile. Continuous wave lasers may be used for transfection [1] but in particular the use of tightly focused infrared femtosecond laser pulses has been the most powerful laser transfection technique to date. It leads to a sterile and ultra-precise technique for cellular transfection by means of creating a self-healing pore (photoporation) on the cell membrane [2–7].
Femtosecond photoporation is a highly localized effect due to the non-linear nature of the cell membrane-laser interaction solely within the focal region, leading to minimum collateral damage. In addition, it offers the ability for single cell transfection within a large cell population. Previous studies have successfully demonstrated femtosecond cellular transfection, using a tightly focused Gaussian laser beam [2–5, 7] as well as implementing a "non-diffracting" light beam which eliminates the need for precisely locating the cell membrane [8]. These studies have all been restricted to free space transfection. A significant step forward would be to implement this technology in a robust fibre geometry that has the potential compatibility with endoscopic techniques, microfludics and fibre multiplexing. By combining an optical fibre and endoscopic technology, fs-laser transfection may offer real advantages over standard techniques, especially the high efficiency and spatial selectivity to be used in vivo. In contrast, viral transfection and electroporation will very likely remain standard techniques in vitro, due to their ease of use and high throughput.
In this paper, we demonstrate the first fibre based transfection scheme and perform photoporation of chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by means of an axicon tipped optical fibre [9–11].
2. The axicon tipped optical fibre fabrication and theoretical modelling.
Optical fibres offer robust tools in research areas of biophotonics. They can be integrated into complex microfluidic environments as well as substituted for expensive optical setups, hence offering significant flexibility in performing a variety of demanding photoporation tasks. A key point that we address is the fact that the output of a standard optical fibre would be naturally divergent. This introduces a significant limitation to the available working distance between the fibre and cell sample because of the high intensity laser light needed for the multiphoton process to initiate cell transfection. One option to increase the intensity at a given distance from the fibre and so obtain a reasonable working distance, could be to use a microlens tipped fibre [10, 11]. However, the process of their manufacture can be highly complicated. As an alternative, selective chemical etching, when applied to the optical fibre, offers a very simple inexpensive route to obtain an intensity enhancement. Applying this method to a standard single mode optical fibre forms a conical lens (axicon) on the fibre facet. This is due to the differing etching rates of the core and the cladding of the fibre, since the slower etched fibre core is only gradually exposed to the solution [9]. The presence of an axicon on the fibre tip modifies the output such that the subsequent enhanced intensity is sufficient for multiphoton excitation. Considering the very small diameter of the Gaussian beam (~5 µm) illuminating the axicon tip, the axicon tipped fibre does not produce a Bessel mode, rather just an elongated focus. This results in successful cell transfection using the fibre at a relatively remote position to the cell sample, thereby obviating any potential physical contact between the tip and cell sample [8].
The fibre used in this experiment was a commercially available single mode fibre of mode field diameter 5.6 µm, cladding diameter 125 µm, and an operating wavelength of 830 nm (Thorlabs, P1-830A-FC-2). The fibre was chemically etched with a solution comprising hydrofluoric acid (HF, 48%-51%) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F, 40%). The volume ratio of NH4F to HF was 2.1:1 which provides an axicon cone angle of approximately 118°. The cleaved end of the fibre was immersed in the etching solution for 60 minutes at 23° room temperature and subsequently rinsed with water for 1 minute. The desired cladding and core diameter can be finely determined by controlling the etching time. The final cladding diameter was measured to be 65.8 µm which proved to be sufficient for achieving fibre stability inside the liquid environment of the cell sample.
The fibre output light was analyzed from a series of its lateral cross-sections obtained in both air and water medium by using either a long working distance objective (x100 MITUTOYO, Japan) or a water immersion objective (x60 Olympus UPlanSApo) respectively, in conjunction with a CCD camera (Basler piA640-210gm). Using a motorized actuator (Newport CMA-12) the fibre facet was displaced from the objective lens in steps of 1.25 µm and at each position an image of the beam cross-section was captured (see Fig. 1). For understanding and optimising the fibre properties we developed an algorithm based on the scalar and paraxial free-space propagation approach, where the field in the initial plane on the fibre facet (the fibre mode) is decomposed into a spectrum of plane-waves (spatial spectrum) by Fourier transformation. The spatial spectrum for any plane behind the fibre is obtained by assigning a correct phase shift to each of the plane wave components and the field is retrieved by inverse Fourier transformation. Since there is no azimuthal dependency on the geometry, we could efficiently use a Hankel transformation instead of Fourier transformation thus reducing the problem from 2-D to 1-D [12].
In the case of the axicon-tipped fibre, one can assume that the axicon tip is a thin high-index transparent element modifying only the wave-front of the field. However, we found that this approach does not produce sufficiently accurate data for sharper axicons. Therefore, the evaluation of the light propagation inside the axicon was done in a sequence of small axial steps. For each of the steps the field was split in two parts, inside and outside the axicon. Both components were propagated over the step size taking into account the refractive index of the corresponding medium. The composition of these two resulting fields was used as the initial field for the next step. This procedure is related to the Babinet's principle and naturally reducing the step size gives better results as the deviations caused by the refractive index difference gets smaller. We set the step size to be λ/20 as a good compromise between the approximation quality and the cumulative numerical error (rounding numbers) that grows with amount of steps in the computation.
Figures 1(a) and 1(b) show the theoretical and experimental results of the azimuthally averaged intensity profiles of the beam as a function of the distance from the fibre facet, in air and water respectively. The experimental findings are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Fig. 1.
Due to the fixed properties of the fibre, the only parameter that can be varied in the model is the axicon tip angle. As we shall explain later, there are strong experimental limitations in the working distance i.e. the distance between fibre end and the cell layer. Therefore it is important to know which axicon tip angle should be used to deliver the highest intensity at the given distance behind the fibre. The results of this study (see in Fig. 2(a) and 2(b)) indicate that with the increasing working distance, the optimal axicon tip angle grows, whilst the maximal attainable intensity falls. However in any experiment, one has to compromise the working distance (that based on the simulation should be as small as possible) with other factors such as the risk of contamination and physical contact between the cell and the fibre.
Figure 2(c) shows the comparison between the on-axis intensity produced by the manufactured fibre with an axicon-tip angle of 118° and the maximal attainable on-axis intensity from Fig. 2(b). It is clearly seen that optimizing the axicon-tip angle plays the most important role in the vicinity of the fibre facet, but further from the fibre it does not bring significant enhancement. Since the minimal practical working distance of the experiment was 13 µm, we concluded that the manufactured fibre brings sufficient field enhancement for performing cellular transfection. Using an axicon tip of about 75° would produce higher peak intensity at the specific distance of 13 µm, but the intensity will fall off much faster at this larger working distance when compared to that of the 118° axicon fibre (in other words, the elongation of the focus is shorter). Therefore choosing 118° for an axicon tip angle leads to a better performance over a wider selection of possible working distances. In addition, we remark that 118° was also chosen due to practical limitations of the fibre etching process for the present results and in future studies it would be worth exploring photoporation for a wider range of cone angles.
Fig. 2.
3. Experimental procedure
Cell transfection was instigated by a femtosecond Ti: Sapphire laser emitting at 790 nm, with output pulse duration of ~100fs and a pulse repetition frequency of 80 MHz (Coherent, MIRA). At the exit of the axicon tipped fibre, the pulses undergo stretching due to non-linear phenomena occurring inside the fibre such as self-phase modulation (SPM) and group velocity dispersion (GVD), giving an overall pulse duration of approximately 800 fs, as measured using a home built autocorrelator [13].
The experimental setup used was built around a NIKON microscope (model TE-2000U) as shown in Fig. 3(a). A magnifying telescope (x1.6) expanded the incoming laser beam which was subsequently coupled to the 35 cm long axicon tipped fibre, using a fibre collimator (THORLABS, F810FC-780). The coupling efficiency of the fibre collimator-optical fibre system was 27%. The fibre output power was adjusted by means of a neutral density (N.D.) filter wheel appropriately placed in the beam path. During photoporation the average power of the beam was kept equal to 110 mW, with peak power per pulse equal to 1.3 kW. A mechanical shutter was positioned close to the laser output and controlled the time duration of the laser dosage on the cell membrane. Each cell was irradiated with three laser doses. The duration of each dose was experimentally determined to be 80 ms. The number of the laser doses was experimentally determined to be the most successful number of doses in conjunction with the dose duration of 80 ms. While irradiating the cells, a slight adjustment of the laser focus was taking place to ensure that we achieve maximum power delivery on the cell membrane. Three doses were used ensuring consistency of irradiation for all cells and indeed this is aligned with the number of doses used in previous work [8].
The fibre was mounted on a three axis (X-Y-Z) translation stage and was carefully inserted into the medium, as shown in Fig. 3(b). Due to restrictions imposed by the geometry of the hosting microscope, the fibre could not be accommodated vertically between the sample stage and the microscope condenser, as the imaging path was disrupted.
A protractor enabled the adjustment of the fibre orientation with respect to the lateral plane. When the fibre was positioned at angles below 50° with respect to the lateral plane, the beam could not reach the cell membrane and permit successful transfection. At a 60° angle, the laser beam could only reach and perforate the most rounded shaped cells, whereas the cells which appeared more flat remained out of reach. At angles of 80° and 90° the fibre obstructed the imaging path, hence preventing the direct observation of the photoporation process. The optimum angle for photoporation using an axicon tipped fibre was established to be 70° for all cells regardless of their shape. Additionally the minimum successful distance that was physically achieved between the fibre and the cells, without the fibre cladding coming in contact with the sample dish bottom was 13 µm. We note that reducing the fibre cladding diameter by use of the etching procedure brings a significant benefit here, since such a short working distance would not be possible with the original bare fibre using this geometry. Considering the limitations emerging from the positioning of the beam at 70 degrees with respect to the bottom of the dish, from geometric calculations the axial distance along the beam propagation that reaches the bottom of the sample is 13 µm. For a round cell we assume thickness of approximately 4 µm so we adjusted the z-actuator of the (x, y, z) translation stage by approximately 4 µm, in order to position the cell at 13 µm with respect to the fibre tip. When the cell is flat and we photoporate near the edge and assume a thickness of approximately 2 µm and as such we adjusted the z-actuator by 2 µm from its initial position.
The CHO cells were grown to sub-confluence in a 30 mm diameter glass-bottomed culture dish (made by the World Precision Instruments, Stevenage, UK) in 2ml of culturing cell media (MEM), in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% air at 37 °C. Prior to the experiment, the cell monolayer was washed twice with OptiMEM (Invitrogen) and the sample was bathed in 500 µl solution which comprised of 10 µl mitoDSRED plasmid (concentration 0.3 µg/µl) encoding a mitochondrially targeted Discoideum Red Fluorescent protein (BD Biosciences, Oxford, UK) and 490 µl of OptiMEM. No coverslip was used.
Fig. 3.
During laser irradiation no visual response was observed. After the laser treatment, the cell monolayer was bathed in 90% modified eagles medium (MEM) fortified with 10% foetal calf serum (FCS), 18 units/ml of penicillin, 18 µg/ml of streptomycin, 1.8 mM of L-Glutamine and the culture dish was returned in the incubator. 48 hours later, the sample was viewed under a fluorescent microscope, where successfully transfected cells expressed the red fluorescent protein.
5. Results
Figures 4(a) and 4(b) show the axicon tipped fibre inside the cell sample prior to photoporation and the successfully transfected fluorescent cells respectively. As in our previous studies, the transfection efficiency was defined as the number of cells expressing the correctly targeted red fluorescent protein, divided by the total number of cells that were laser treated in a particular area of interest. In order to monitor for potentially spontaneous transfected cells, each photoporated sample dish was accompanied by a control sample dish in which cells were cultured, bathed in plasmid DNA solution and experienced the fibre presence in the absence of laser radiation. In the course of this experiment we irradiated 6 sample dishes (N=6), and a total number of 150 cells. The number of spontaneously transfected cells varied between 0–3 cells for each sample dish. The average transfection efficiency was calculated ranged from 25% to 57% between the treated dishes which compares very well with data for free space transfection [4].
Fig. 4.
Photoporation was also attempted by means of a cleaved single mode fibre (Thorlabs, P1-830A-FC-2). The experimental setup was kept the same as in the case of the axicon tipped fibre, with the cleaved fibre inserted inside the sample dish at 70° with respect to the cell monolayer. The cladding diameter was 125 µm which determined the minimum distance between the fibre and the cells to be approximately 23 µm. As shown in Fig. 2(c), the beam intensity at 23 µm is significantly lower than that of the axicon tipped fibre; as expected no transfection was obtained using this type of fibre.
6. Summary
In conclusion, we have demonstrated optically assisted transfection of cells using an axicon tipped fibre with results that compare very favourably to free space transfection studies. This fibre is very simple to manufacture and allows for "remote" delivery of femtosecond light for transfection to a cell sample. Future studies could involve more sophisticated multiple fibre bundles that may treat larger numbers of cells in a single dose. Overall we envisage that this fibre technique will simplify this process of laser transfection and mean that one can implement this methodology readily on any microscope. The method decouples the observation by the microscope's optical system from the ultra-short pulse delivery. Additionally our technique paves the way for potential laser transfection of tissue samples and potential for incorporating a fibre within a microfluidic channel for transfecting cells within a flow.
We thank the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research council for funding. KD is Royal Society-Wolfson Merit Award holder.
References and links
1. L. Paterson, B. Agate, M. Comrie, R. Ferguson, T. K. Lake, J. E. Morris, A. E. Carruthers, C. T. A. Brown, W. Sibbett, P. E. Bryant, F. Gunn-Moore, A. C. Riches, and K. Dholakia, "Photoporation and cell transfection using a violet diode laser," Opt. Express 13, 595–600 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. U. K. Tirlapur and K. KonigTargeted transfection by femtosecond laser," Nature 418, 290–291 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. A. Vogel, J. Noack, G. Huttman, and G. Paltauf, "Mechanisms of femtosecond laser nanosurgery of cells and tissues," Appl. Phys. B 81, 1015–1047 (2005). [CrossRef]
4. D. Stevenson, B. Agate, X. Tsampoula, P. Fischer, C. T. A. Brown, W. Sibbett, A. Riches, F. Gunn-Moore, and K. Dholakia, "Femtosecond optical transfection of cells: viability and efficiency," Opt. Express 14, 7125–7133 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. J. Baumgart, W. Bintig, A. Ngezahayo, S. Willenbrock, H. Murua Escobar, W. Ertmer, H. Lubatschowski, and A. Heisterkamp, "Quantified femtosecond laser based opto-perforation of living GFSHR-17 and MTH53 a cells," Opt. Express 16, 3021–3031 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. V. Kohli, J. P. Acker, and A. Y. Elezzabi, "Reversible permeabilization using high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses: Applications to biopreservation," Biotechnol. Bioeng. 92, 889–899 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. V. Kohli, V. Robles, M. L. Cancela, J. P. Acker, A. J. Waskiewicz, and A. Y. Elezzabi, "An alternative method for delivering exogenous material into developing zebrafish embryos," Biotechnol. Bioeng. 98, 1230–1241 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. X. Tsampoula, V. Garces-Chavez, M. Comrie, D. J. Stevenson, B. Agate, C. T. A. Brown, F. Gunn-Moore, and K. Dholakia, "Femtosecond cellular transfection using a nondiffracting light beam," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 053902 (2007). [CrossRef]
9. S. K. Eah, W. Jhe, and Y. Arakawa, "Nearly diffraction-limited focusing of a fiber axicon microlens," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 4969–4971 (2003). [CrossRef]
10. G. Knoner, A. Ratnapala, T. A. Nieminen, C. J. Vale, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, "Optical force field mapping in microdevices," Lab on a Chip 6, 1545–1547 (2006). [CrossRef]
11. Z. H. Liu, C. K. Guo, J. Yang, and L. B. Yuan, "Tapered fiber optical tweezers for microscopic particle trapping: fabrication and application," Opt. Express 14, 12510–12516 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. T. Cizmar, Optical traps generated by non-traditional beams, (Masaryk University, Brno, 2006), pp. 127, Phd thesis.
13. F. Hache, T. J. Driscoll, M. Cavallari, and G. M. Gale, "Measurement of ultrashort pulse durations by interferometric autocorrelation: Influence of various parameters," Appl. Opt. 35, 3230–3236 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]


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PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (AP) - Haiti's prime minister says he wants more accountability from thousands of foreign charities in the impoverished country.
Jean-Max Bellerive tells reporters that many non-governmental organizations are duplicating services provided by the government
and officials should require charities to provide more information
about their activities.
He spoke Thursday at a meeting of officials discussing ways to speed up reconstruction from the January 2010 earthquake.
So many charities work in Haiti that the country has been called the Republic of NGOs. More came after the earthquake.
The government has long grumbled that it must compete for international aid with the NGOs.
Aid workers often say the government is corrupt and inefficient.
(Copyright 2011 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)

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Updated: August 29, 2003, 4:56 PM ETBy By Terry Brown | NBA Insider
Miami Heat: Pat Riley looks over his roster these days and doesn't see a Kareem Abdul- Jabbar, Patrick Ewing or Alonzo Mourning and realizes that he's got to change.
"I want to change things as to how we play the game over the years because we don't have, nor do too many other teams, have the dominating low- post presence that we had with [Alonzo Mourning] or San Antonio has with [Tim] Duncan, or Los Angeles has with [Shaquille O'Neal]," Riley told the Sun Sentinel. "We're attacking this thing differently."
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Uptown Cosmetic & Implant Dentistry, located in Houston, Texas, is proud to offer our patients two highly educated prosthodontists with over 50 years of experience combined. At Uptown Cosmetic & Implant Dentistry you will find a dental team committed to the highest quality dental care.
Uptown is a leader in providing patients with a full range of services from basic restorations to cosmetic makeovers and full mouth reconstructions. Our team of specialists is known for their exceptional dental implant treatment. We treat Houstonians suffering with missing and failing teeth. Whether you need a single dental implant, multiple implants or a full mouth restoration, our team can give you that beautiful smile you deserve, in most cases, in just one day.
We use leading edge technology to guarantee you'll get the results you want. Uptown Cosmetic and Implant Dentistry is one of the only dental implant centers in the Houston area with its own on-site zirconia lab. Zirconia is an advanced treatment option that looks exactly like natural teeth with the advantage that it is extremely strong and doesn't stain.
To assist more patients to achieve optimal oral health, 0ur office is conveniently located in Houston's prominent Uptown-Galleria Area.
We look forward to providing you with unparalleled, full-service dental care.
At Uptown, we do cosmetic dentistry. Cosmetic dentistry is the branch of dentistry that deals with improving the aesthetics or appearance as well as the function of teeth. Using various tools and techniques, the dentists at Uptown can improve teeth color, shape, alignment and many other factors that affect the overall appearance of a smile. Common procedures include teeth whitening, bonding, crowns, veneers, contouring, and implants.
Cosmetic dentists are significantly different than general dentists. General dentists tend to focus a lot more on the function of your teeth rather than the appearance. On the other hand, cosmetic dentists are artists when it comes to teeth and are very much concerned with the appearance of your teeth. When you get a dental prosthetic (teeth replacement), it should closely resemble natural teeth. Due to various factors, getting a tooth replacement to match a natural tooth is an involved process that requires a large amount of skill.
Teeth are not a single color; they vary in color across the structure. They also both reflect and allow light to pass through. These unique properties must be replicated when fabricating dental prosthetics. Our cosmetic dentists and lab technicians use a variety of techniques and materials to ensure that your dental prosthetics will appear indistinguishable from natural teeth.
Looking for Veneers?
If you aren't happy with your smile, veneers are the cosmetic dental solution you are looking for. Veneers are thin, yet durable porcelain shells that attach to the front surface of your teeth to conceal cosmetic flaws. They are an effective solution for teeth that are discolored, chipped, poorly shaped, or have gap issues. In the process, an impression of your tooth is taken and then a portion of your enamel is removed to make room for the veneer. A veneer that has been fabricated in our on-site lab is then attached to the tooth using a special plastic resin. Veneers are commonly used to achieve celebrity-like smiles.
Veneers can be made out of plastic resin or porcelain. Because of our commitment to high-quality, we only use porcelain veneers at Uptown. Porcelain veneers resist stains better than resin and more closely resemble natural teeth.
If you have failing or missing teeth, the answer is yes! Dental implants are the best teeth replacement option. Dental implants are a permanent solution for missing teeth. They are constructed of titanium or titanium alloys and are used to replace the root of a tooth. Once placed by a dental surgeon, the implants fuse to the jawbone through the process of osseointegration. A durable, zirconia crown that looks, feels and functions just like a natural tooth is then secured to the implant through a device called an abutment. Dental implants can be used to replace a single tooth, multiple teeth, or even a full upper or lower jaw.Why Should I Get Teeth Whitening?
The outer layer of your teeth, enamel, can become discolored by drinking coffee, tea, soda, and other dark drinks. Enamel contains pores that essentially trap the colors from what you eat and drink; this is what causes stains on teeth. These stains significantly take away from the appearance of your smile.
If you want a bright, white smile, teeth whitening helps to remove the stains on your enamel. Whitening is one of the most popular cosmetic dental procedures because it can greatly improve the look of your smile. At Uptown, we use a combination of in-office bleaching sessions and at-home treatments to help restore the white color of your teeth.
Before the teeth whitening procedure is performed, patients must take care of any cavities as the whitening solution can pass through the decayed areas and into the inner part of the tooth. Next, patients will have their teeth cleaned by a hygienist to remove the substances that build up and contribute to staining. In the teeth whitening procedure, a powerful gel is applied to the teeth and a specialized light is used to activate the gel and speed up the bleaching process.
Teeth play an important role in how you eat, speak, and look. If you are missing all of your teeth (edentulous), you are familiar with the difficulty missing teeth can cause. The All-On-4 Teeth-in-a-Day procedure can completely restore your missing teeth. You will feel like you have all of your natural teeth again. In the procedure, a custom denture, crafted in our on-site lab, is secured to four implants that are inserted into the jawbone. Because the implants fuse to the jawbone, your prosthetic teeth will not slip like traditional dentures. Patients will be able to enjoy replacement teeth that look, feel, and function just like natural teeth.
Unlike traditional dentures, the All-On-4 also helps to preserve the jawbone. Without stimulation from teeth roots, the jawbone slowly deteriorates. The implants used in the All-On-4 procedure function as teeth roots in that they provide stimulation for the jawbone. The All-On-4 not only restores your smile but also preserves your jawbone and facial structure.
The All-On-4 procedure utilizes special surgical methodologies that reduce treatment time. Before surgery, diagnostic imaging is used to create a 3D model that allows the dentist to plan precisely where each dental implant will be placed into the jawbone. This allows the dentist to safely administer the treatment as well as avoid time-consuming bone grafting surgery.
Uptown Cosmetic & Implant Dentistry offers more value than any other cosmetic dentistry practice in Houston. No other dental practice in the area boasts an on-site lab as well as two expert prosthodontists.
By housing a lab on-site, Uptown is able to cut down costs for our patients as well as decrease treatment times. Many other dental practices have to order bridges, dentures, and other dental devices used in cosmetic procedures from an off-site lab. This results in a decrease in quality control and an increase in wait time. Since our lab is on-site, we are able to ensure that each dental apparatus is fabricated to the highest standards and will be a perfect fit for our patients in a timely manner.
If you are only having a single tooth replaced, it's important that the crown matches the color of your natural teeth. We perform tests in natural light and in a custom shade room to ensure that our patients receive dental restorations that beautifully compliment their natural teeth.
Our lab is fully staffed with experienced technicians who expertly craft veneers, dentures, bridges, and crowns that are virtually indistinguishable from natural teeth. The only difference is that these replacement teeth are not discolored, misshapen, chipped, decayed or aesthetically unappealing in any way. Our lab is also equipped to manufacture zirconia dental prosthetics. Zirconia is a durable material that looks exactly like natural teeth, but unlike natural teeth, it does not stain.
While it's possible to get basic cosmetic procedures performed by a general dentist, you may not get the results you want. On the other hand, Dr. Velasco and Dr. Gemp are prosthodontists who specialize in cosmetic and restorative dentistry.
Dr. Velasco was a general dentist for seven years before going on to study esthetic and implant dentistry. He continued his education further by entering into a prosthodontist program in Florida. After completing the program, Dr. Velasco taught courses on implant dentistry, dental bio-materials, and occlusion. He ran a cutting-edge dental practice in Austin for several years before establishing Uptown Cosmetic & Implant Dentistry in Houston, where he has now performed thousands of successful cosmetic dental procedures.
Dr. Gemp is a specialist in prosthodontics. After receiving his dental degree from the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Gemp went on to receive his certification in prosthodontics from the Houston Veterans Administration Medical Center. Since then, he has lectured and taught dental professionals worldwide about the techniques and mechanics of dental implants. Dr. Gemp is also well-versed in treating patients battling cancer.
When you choose Uptown, you are trusting the appearance of your smile and your oral health to dentists who have in-depth knowledge, specialized training, and extensive experience.
Prosthodontics is the area of dentistry that focuses on dental prostheses, artificial replacements used to restore intraoral defects such as missing teeth. There are less than 4,000 prosthodontists practicing in the United States compared to well over 100,000 general dentists. Prosthodontists are few and far between, and two of them call Uptown Cosmetic & Implant Dentistry home.
Prosthodontists must undergo three additional years of specialized training in an American Dental Association (ADA) accredited graduate education program. This specialized training enables them to manage complex dental restorations ranging from single-tooth replacement to traumatic injury rehabilitation.
If you are seeking a cosmetic or reconstructive dental procedure, it's best to consult a prosthodontist who can ensure that you get the smile that you've always wanted. Dr. Velasco and Dr. Gemp are the leading prosthodontists in Houston, TX. Reach out to us at Uptown Cosmetic & Implant Dentistry and let us know how we can help make you smile today.


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The Tree of Wooden Clogs
Deal of the Day: Select DC titles on Blu-ray and DVD
Save on featured DC Comics titles including all season 1s of The Flash, Arrow, and Gotham. This offer ends at 11:59:59 PM (PT) on July 25, 2016. Learn more
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Although it is a drama, the film has a strong documentary or ethnographic flavor, portraying the lives of the families, the seasons, the farm animals, country and town, courtship and marriage, and above all faith. The four families live in the same compound, and the plot revolves around events within the compound and the village -- enrolling a boy at school, the sickness of a family's cow, boy meets girl, an adoption, planting tomatoes, the illegal felling of a tree, the difficult circumstances of a widow, and an eviction.
Director Ermanno Olmi drew the members of the cast from Lombardy farm families. The effect of the localized events and the non-professional cast is to pull the viewer into the world of these families in a way few films do. The length of the film and its "slow" pace have a parallel effect -- to draw the viewer out of the fast pace of our modern life back into a time when lives moved to different and slower rhythms.
Many will wince, as I did, at the scene when a large hog is slaughtered. The pork that comes to us in wrapped supermarket packages distances us from the reality of farms and animals, and the film makes us confront it. (All of our great-grandparents knew the reality, and they might be surprised by how the scene discomforts their own descendants.) The scene shows Olmi's evenhandedness. Nostalgia for the past is balanced with a clear look at its hardships and cruelties.
The film's large theme is to show how the lives of these ordinary people were inseparable from their Catholic faith, evident in their prayers, conversations, and responses to their homely crises.Read more ›
Thomas Schaer, Veterinarian & Organic Farmer
Be forewarned ye vegetarians and lovers of animals. There is a very ( emphasis on VERY) descriptive slaughter of a pig and a duck...... (put me off bacon for a couple of days!).Not something one should let children see....!
However the review of two stars is not for the film itself but for the banal subtitles.....too few and far between that a chunk of the conversation is lost.Eventhough the producers might have chosen to omit certain segments of the dialogue, I genuinely feel that the charchter of the film is inevitably, to a certain degree, lost as well.
Secondly the DVD is PAL format. So unless you have a multi-system player, one can only use one's computer to watch this film. Why is a PAL system film being sold in North America? Search me...... and why is it region 0 (all regions)?
Two thumbs up for the fim....two thumbs down for this DVD release.........
Most Recent Customer Reviews
It takes a long time before the reason for the title becomes obvious. The film seems rather unfocused, although totally interesting.Published 1 month ago by Henry A. Ploegstra
Portrays a time in Italy when serfs were at the mercy of the landowners. A boy earns the right to go to school, and breaks one of his wooden clogs on the long walk. Read morePublished 6 months ago by Amazon Customer
WARNING: This Arrow Films disc is in PAL format and WILL NOT play on a U.S. DVD player. Don't pay any attention to what the specs say about "Zone 0" or "All... Read morePublished 8 months ago by Stage Door
I ordered this movie, along with many other Winners at Cannes. The description says it is formatted PAL for all regions, i.e., it will play in all DVD players. Not true! Read morePublished on July 25, 2014 by T. Simonson
This story gave me a realistic view of the kind of life my grandparents lived and all the hardships they encountered. Read morePublished on May 4, 2014 by Paula Trevisan
For me a masterpiece is a film to which I like to return once in a while ("Fanny and Alexander", "Persona", "Stalker", "Paris, Texas", "Death in... Read morePublished on March 8, 2014 by Yoselovich Boris


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This hotel is a Gem. It is near the station so no need for a taxi, the road is one way and quiet busy but we never heard any road noise. The staff were brilliant, both friendly and helpful. Our room was comfortable and clean, free wifi and sky TV although limited English channels, there is a small lounge and a small breakfast room/bar. The breakfast buffet is lovely and although the breakfast room is a bit small we never had to wait. The hotel is ideally situated for the centre of Florence and there are some nice restaurants nearby and reception staff will advise you. There is a bus stop 2 minutes from the hotel and you can get the number 12 bus to the Piazza Michelangelo which is a must for the view of Florence. I would recommend this hotel.
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I thought, instead of a boring FAQ like I used to have here, I'd tell you more about the reviewers. And then maybe follow it up with some FAQ at the end…who knows what might happen with this About page?… Continue Reading →
The Smith Forefront ($220) is a lightweight cycling helmet with Koroyd technology to provide additional impact protection. Koroyd? (Click link and engage sub-woofers). Koroyd is a thick honeycomb-looking sheet between the helmet and the head that is a series of thousands of… Continue Reading →
Yes, as a matter of fact July is National Bike Helmet Month at Gear Gals! The Troy Lee Designs A1 Reflex ($165) is a cycling helmet with a reinforced polycarbonate shell in-molded with an EPS liner. Bike helmets, believe it or… Continue Reading →
If July is beginning to feel like National Mountain Bike Shorts Month at Gear Gals it's because it probably is. We took the Troy Lee Designs Skyline short ($75), an enduro/all-mountain mountain bike short, out for some rides recently and… Continue Reading →
The POC Trabec Race MIPs ($230) is a cycling helmet with a MIPS (Multi-directional Impact Protection System) liner to provide additional impact protection. While I have no first-hand experience with how well it protects a head (intentionally testing impact protection… Continue Reading →
Once in a while, Gear Gals welcomes Guest Gear Guys to review products from a guy's perspective. Today's Guest Gear Guy is Brian, husband of Gear Gal Marie. Brian has been testing the Zoic Ether Camo ($90) mountain bike shorts… Continue Reading →
Gradually, more and more cycling accessories and gadgets are becoming booze-friendly. The Timbuk2 Sunset Handlebar bag ($79) is one of them—only it transports a bottle of wine which is (arguably) a lot classier than a six-pack of beer. If that… Continue Reading →
What a joy bike picnic'ing is with the Timbuk2 Sunset Rack Trunk ($110). All the stresses of life, the endless supply of inept douche canoe's that the Universe has strewn along the Gear Gal Marie Highway of Life, suddenly seem… Continue Reading →
The Sierra Designs Mobile Mummy 800 2-season ($359) is more like an 800 down-filled robe than a sleeping bag. But a sleeping bag it is, especially if you're not keen to getting out of a warm bag during the night… Continue Reading →
During errands yesterday in my LOWA San Luis GTX Lo ($200) I thought, "If I had been clocking the miles I walked in these suckers over the past four months, I could have walked the Leadville Trail 100 four times… Continue Reading →
Roadies and racing tools are all about the fitted lycra short. And that's great! (not really). But us mountain bikers need an alternative to looking like tools. The Pearl Izumi Elevate short ($90) is one such alternative. What I liked… Continue Reading →
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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|February 21, 2013 12:00 AM EST
SUNNYVALE, CA -- (Marketwire) -- 02/21/13 -- Juniper Networks (NYSE: JNPR), the industry leader in network innovation, today unveiled new security line cards for its market leading SRX5600 and 5800 Series Services Gateways that significantly improve performance and reliability for LTE mobile network operators. The new Juniper Networks® SRX Series line cards are the industry's only high-end security solutions that can provide mobile operators with zero downtime performance upgrades and scale to accommodate the exponential growth of network throughput.
As mobile operators shift to all IP-based networks, their infrastructures become increasingly exposed to advanced threats designed to steal information or impact service availability. Concurrently, the demand for online video and other services accessed through mobile devices will increase the amount of data traversing these networks 12 fold by 2018, according to the latest mobility report from Ericsson. These industry trends require mobile operators to deploy high-performance security solutions with carrier-grade reliability and scalability so they can confidently provide access to sensitive information traditionally not available on mobile devices.
News Highlights:
- Always-on, carrier-grade reliability - The SRX Series line cards are the only high-end security solution to deliver zero downtime performance upgrades through both in-service software and hardware upgrades, enabling service providers to provide uninterrupted service. Redundant components ensure carrier-class service levels are maintained.
- Simplicity and scalability at the speed of LTE - The SRX Series collapses the security gateway, firewall, switching, and routing layers onto a single platform, reducing operating expense and network complexity. The new line cards support up to 100 million concurrent sessions and up to 200 Gbps of firewall throughput with a single SRX Series Services Gateway.
- Investment protection - New Juniper Networks SRX Series line cards are compatible with current cards and chasses. Existing Juniper customers can use the same SRX5000 Series chassis to extend current investments while scaling to meet customer demands.
- Mobile-specific filters - The SRX Series was developed to be natively aware of mobile-specific protocols such as GTP and LTE-SCTP, resulting in firewall awareness that blocks the proliferation of attacks which leverage or embed such protocols.
Supporting Quotes:
Industry Analyst Quote:
"Juniper Networks is a proven leader in delivering high-performance firewalls to service providers and large enterprise markets. Infonetics Research has ranked Juniper as the global leader in high-end firewalls since the beginning of 2009. The new SRX5600 and SRX5800 line cards deliver mobile operators the carrier-grade capabilities and performance scalability needed to secure LTE deployments."
- Jeff Wilson, principal analyst, Infonetics Research
Partner Quote:
"Security is a critical ingredient in Nokia Siemens Networks' mobile portfolio as LTE networks expand. LTE requires a massive bandwidth increase and additional security requirements, so we need to be able to offer customers an effective solution that could scale on-demand and deliver carrier-grade reliability to ensure always-on service for many millions of subscribers. The Nokia Siemens Networks' market leadership in mobile security, combined with the inherent OpEx benefits and scalability realized with the SRX5800, will help us to offer an efficient and state of the art Security solution to our customers as they roll out their LTE services."
-Dror Nemirovsky, head of Packet Networks, Nokia Siemens Networks
Juniper Networks Quote:
"The massive influx of traffic that service providers face as they migrate to all IP-based LTE networks requires security technologies that provide strong protection without adversely impacting performance. Juniper's new SRX 5000 series line cards offer unprecedented scale for firewall, VPN and other security services, zero downtime for hardware and software upgrades and the ability for our existing customers to protect their current investment."
-Nawaf Bitar, senior vice president, Security Business Unit, Juniper Networks
Additional Resources:
- Rethinking LTE Networks blog by Mike Marcellin
- About SRX5600 and 5800 Series Services Gateways
- Juniper Networks Security Homepage
About Juniper Networks
Juniper Networks is in the business of network innovation. From devices to data centers, from consumers to cloud providers, Juniper Networks delivers the software, silicon and systems that transform the experience and economics of networking. Additional information can be found at Juniper Networks (www.juniper.net) or connect with Juniper on Twitter and Facebook.
Juniper Networks and Junos are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. The Juniper Networks and Junos logo are trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners.
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Media Relations:
Danielle Hamel
Juniper Networks
+1 408-936-7817
[email protected]
Investor Relations:
Lisa Hartman
Juniper Networks
+1 408-936-6123
[email protected]
You think you know what's in your data. But do you? Most organizations are now aware of the business intelligence represented by their data. Data science stands to take this to a level you never thought of – literally. The techniques of data science, when used with the capabilities of Big Data technologies, can make connections you had not yet imagined, helping you discover new insights and ask new questions of your data. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Sarbjit Sarkaria, data science team lead ...
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WebRTC is bringing significant change to the communications landscape that will bridge the worlds of web and telephony, making the Internet the new standard for communications. Cloud9 took the road less traveled and used WebRTC to create a downloadable enterprise-grade communications platform that is changing the communication dynamic in the financial sector. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Leo Papadopoulos, CTO of Cloud9, discussed the importance of WebRTC and how it enables companies to focus...
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Is your aging software platform suffering from technical debt while the market changes and demands new solutions at a faster clip? It's a bold move, but you might consider walking away from your core platform and starting fresh. ReadyTalk did exactly that. In his General Session at 19th Cloud Expo, Michael Chambliss, Head of Engineering at ReadyTalk, will discuss why and how ReadyTalk diverted from healthy revenue and over a decade of audio conferencing product development to start an innovati...
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Early adopters of IoT viewed it mainly as a different term for machine-to-machine connectivity or M2M. This is understandable since a prerequisite for any IoT solution is the ability to collect and aggregate device data, which is most often presented in a dashboard. The problem is that viewing data in a dashboard requires a human to interpret the results and take manual action, which doesn't scale to the needs of IoT.
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CenturyLink has announced that application server solutions from GENBAND are now available as part of CenturyLink's Networx contracts. The General Services Administration (GSA)'s Networx program includes the largest telecommunications contract vehicles ever awarded by the federal government. CenturyLink recently secured an extension through spring 2020 of its offerings available to federal government agencies via GSA's Networx Universal and Enterprise contracts. GENBAND's EXPERiUS™ Application...
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IoT generates lots of temporal data. But how do you unlock its value? You need to discover patterns that are repeatable in vast quantities of data, understand their meaning, and implement scalable monitoring across multiple data streams in order to monetize the discoveries and insights. Motif discovery and deep learning platforms are emerging to visualize sensor data, to search for patterns and to build application that can monitor real time streams efficiently. In his session at @ThingsExpo, ...
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Large scale deployments present unique planning challenges, system commissioning hurdles between IT and OT and demand careful system hand-off orchestration. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Jeff Smith, Senior Director and a founding member of Incenergy, will discuss some of the key tactics to ensure delivery success based on his experience of the last two years deploying Industrial IoT systems across four continents.
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There will be new vendors providing applications, middleware, and connected devices to support the thriving IoT ecosystem. This essentially means that electronic device manufacturers will also be in the software business. Many will be new to building embedded software or robust software. This creates an increased importance on software quality, particularly within the Industrial Internet of Things where business-critical applications are becoming dependent on products controlled by software. Qua...
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Pressure Vessel
Germanischer Lloyd Gains Approval
In time for the effects of the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 97/23/EC, Germanischer Lloyd (GL) has been accredited by the Central Authority of the Laender for Safety (ZLS) and approved by the EU Commission as a notified body with the identification number 0098. This new certification allows GL to provide services required by the Pressure Equipment Directive, such as design and type examination, material appraisal, quality system certification, and product inspection and testing. The Directive 97/23/EC governs the placing on the common European market of pressure vessels, steam boilers, piping, and valves and safety devices.
OMEGA Introduces Digital Temperature Transmitters
Omega's new PRTXB and PRTXAL series are 2-wire transmitters that provide 4 to 20 mA signal representing temperature linearized. This product features a 316 Stainless Steel RTD Probe that capture minimum and maximum readings. Selectable units and an auto shutoff time feature is available for battery powered models (PRTXB and PRTXBL). Units with alarm outputs are available too. Ideal for Food Processing, Automotive-Engine Testing, HVAC, Lab Use, water bath temperature monitoring
Subsea 7 Completes First Autonomous Inspection Vehicle
Subsea 7, a provider of seabed-to-surface engineering, construction and services, announced that it has completed the design and build of the first commercial AIV, a technology which has the potential to revolutionise Life-of-Field projects. Subsea 7 has an ambitious plan to develop a series of Autonomous Inspection Vehicles (AIV), initially capable of general visual inspection, through to fully capable work-class sized intervention vehicles
Ocean Works Helps Increase VENUS Ocean Observatory Capability
OceanWorks International has produced the SIIM-375, a mini-Node variant of the Subsea Instrument Interface Module (SIIM) for the VENUS observatory. VENUS, the coastal network of the Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) Observatory, is a cabled undersea laboratory for ocean researchers and explorers. VENUS delivers real time information from seafloor instruments via fibre optic cables to the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada
Gulf Island Fab Reports Q1 2014 Revenue Increase
Houston headquartered Gulf Island Fabrication, Inc. reported net income of $3.5 million ($0.24 earnings per share) on revenue of $134.7 million for its first quarter ended March 31, 2014, compared to net income of $2.8 million ($0.19 earnings per share) on revenue of $150.4 million for the first quarter ended March 31, 2013. The company had a revenue backlog of $271.4 million and a labor backlog of approximately 2.5 million man-hours at March 31, 2014
RINA Group Widens Gas Sector Services
International classification, certification and engineering group RINA said it has widened its services to the global gas industry. While its traditional classification society arm RINA Services has recently approved a new Compressed Natural Gas carrier to aid the exploitation of marginal fields, the groups' engineering arm, D'Appolonia, is delivering geotechnical, social and environmental services to the Mozambique LNG development.
Now the Carousel Ship
Technical proposals for the shipment of natural gas under compression rather than in the refrigerated, liquefied state have surfaced from time to time over the years, but have received a lukewarm response from the marine industry. The considerable cost of the shipboard containment methodology has been a major stumbling block. Now, a Canadian engineering contractor has come up with an altogether more economic solution to the cargo carrying needs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
TNG: Talleres Navales Del Golfo
Talleres Navales del Golfo (TNG) shipyard at Veracruz, Mexico was originally developed as a new construction facility, but the shipyard has successfully transferred to ship repair facility with an emphasis on steelwork repair contracts. As a result of recent success in repair operations, the shipyard is currently embarking on a major development and restructuring of the shipyard, with a view to rationalizing the facilities and expanding its repair capabilities.
American Sensor Technologies Achieves ATEX Certification
American Sensor Technologies, Inc. (AST) has achieved ATEX certification of its Explosion Proof Pressure Transmitters for Class I Zone 0 Exd hazardous locations. The added approvals enhance the ability for equipment manufacturers to specify AST pressure transducers as the sensors can now operate in both North America and Europe. AST Explosion Proof Pressure Transducers are commonly used in upstream and offshore applications where safety, reliability and performance are crucial
ESAB Weldcloud for Higher Productivity
Secure, robust, flexible, scalable and future-proof, the new ESAB WeldCloud online data management platform works with ESAB's Aristo Mig semi-automatic, Aristo Mig 5000iR robotic and LAF/TAF sub arc welding systems. Users can purchase these systems WeldCloud-ready, and ESAB can retrofit most existing systems with a communication module. Much more than data recording systems, Weld Cloud integrates with other customer systems (ERP, MDM, MRP, QA, etc
Filipino Fishermen Still Blocked from Scarborough Shoal
China's coastguard has prevented Filipino boats from fishing around the hotly contested Scarborough Shoal, Philippine officials said on Friday, after Beijing kept a promise to ignore a court ruling voiding its vast South China Sea claims.
Ecospeed Demonstrator Vessel on Display
Shipowners, shipbuilders and representatives from the Green Award Foundation attended the first in a series of planned 'roadshows' Subsea Industries has initiated to demonstrate the zero environmental impact and simplicity of cleaning hulls protected with its Ecospeed hard coating
MOL Signs Long-Term Charter with Uruguayan JV for FSRU
Japanese shipping company Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, has, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Lakler S.A., agreed to conclude a charter contract with Gas Sayago, for a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) project in Montevideo, Uruguay.
No Clues on Hanjin's Financial Health
Cash-strapped Hanjin Shipping Co. sources say that the negotiations with tonnage providers for lower rates are undergoing, but wouldn't say much else. According to Korea Herald, the country's No.1 shipping line has come under growing pressure from its creditors to secure more money
Negative Outlook for Global Shipping Industry: Moody's
Moody's Japan K.K. says that its outlook for the global shipping industry over the next 12-18 months is negative. "The negative outlook reflects our expectation that earnings will worsen, with freight rates likely to remain depressed amid ample supply," says Mariko Semetko
VIDEO: WinGD X-DF Engine Powered Chem Tanker Passes Test
The first dual-fuel two-stroke engine employing the low-pressure X-DF gas admission technology developed by Winterthur Gas & Diesel (WinGD) passed the final milestone in its evolution from a technical concept to commercial operation as a marine main engine.
MAN Turbochargers Round Millennium Mark
ECOCHARGE principle drives improved engine performance through two-stage turbocharging. MAN Diesel & Turbo has delivered its 1,000th turbocharger to two-stage turbocharged applications, the company announced. MAN has a long history in two-stage turbocharging and first
Demand, Bunker Pricing Spurs Asia Dry Bulk-Capesize Rates
Owners asking $1 per tonne more on Australia-China rates; Panamax rates climb to two-month high, but remain under pressure. Freight rates for large capesize dry cargo ships on key Asian routes could continue to firm next week on higher cargo volumes and bunker prices
Tanker Fleet Grows by 203 Units Last Year
The tanker fleet has grown over the past twelve months by another 203 units amounting to 21.9 million dwt, says Gibson's Mid-Year Review of Weekly Tanker Market Report. This follows a period of very limited fleet growth (across all but the MR sector) following a period of
TGS Provides Second Quarter Update
Based on preliminary reporting from operating units, TGS management expects net revenues for the second quarter of 2016 to be approximately USD 114 million. Multi-client investments for the second quarter are expected to be approximately USD 62 million.
Energy Doldrums Force Boskalis to Cut Fleet, Staff
Dutch offshore engineer Boskalis said it was cutting 650 jobs worldwide and culling 24 vessels in response to what it called drastic changes in the company's outlook caused by low energy and commodity prices. The job cuts, including 150 Dutch employees
Interest in RBS' Greek Shipping Unit Cools Post-Brexit Vote
The Royal Bank of Scotland is facing setbacks over a proposed sale of its Greek ship finance business, with potential suitors backing off, partly due to the British vote to leave the European Union, sources told Reuters. Britain's June 23 vote has raised the risk of recession and earnings
Interest in RBS Greek Shipping Unit Cools after Brexit Vote
Royal Bank of Scotland is facing setbacks over a proposed sale of its Greek ship finance business, with potential suitors backing off, partly because of the British vote to leave the European Union, sources told Reuters. Britain's June 23 vote has raised the risk of recession and earnings
Moody's confirms Teekay's B3 CFR; Changes Outlook to Stable
Moody's Investors Service confirmed the ratings of Teekay Corporation ("Teekay", or "Parent"): Corporate Family Rating ("CFR") at B3 and senior unsecured debt rating at Caa1. Concurrently, Moody's upgraded the Speculative Grade Liquidity rating to SGL-3
Energy Efficiency is Impacted by Choices Made Throughout a Vessel's Lifecycle
Investments in energy efficiency improvements offer cruise and ferry and merchant vessel operators an opportunity to reduce operating costs and emissions while building a more sustainable brand image, says Wärtsilä Corporation.


text:
A coworker (who is very new to Java) stopped in today and asked what seemed like a very simple question. Unfortunately, I did an absolutely horrible job of trying to explain it to him. He had a book that had a little code that looked like this:
class XCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
XCopy x = new XCopy(); // 1
public void doIt() {
// Some code...
He was confused on line 1. What he wanted to know was why a new instance of XCopy could be created within the definition of the class XCopy. He thought this would have given some sort of a forward referencing error. After all, we hadn't yet finished declaring what the class XCopy was, so how could we create one?
I certainly know that this is valid code but, when I tried to explain it to him, I found myself stumbling over the answer and I'm afraid I left him more confused than when he started. I'd like to hear some other explanations of why this works.
Any thoughts? Why can you instantiate an instance of a class within the definition of the class, itself?


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Vegetables all done
Continue blanching and shocking vegetables until you've added everything you've going to add.
Please note: pretty much all vegetables are blanched for 1-2 minutes, but starchy things like potatoes should be cooked until tender (about 10-15 minutes).
I have used the following vegetables, all locally grown:
- Sweet Onions - Willow Pond Farm, Brentwood NH
- Garlic - Leeks and Bounds, North Hampton NH
- Carrots - Wild Roots Farm
- Broccoli - Leeks and Bounds, North Hampton NH
- Summer Squash - Stonewall Farm, Nottingham NH
- Zucchini - Back River farm, Dover NH
- Red New Potatoes - Heron Pond Farm
17,863 views
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1 comment
Taken on July 25, 2007


text:
After Disturbing New Allegations Against Johnny Manziel, Will The NFL Finally Act?
CREDIT: Scott Eklund, AP
Just days before Super Bowl 50, domestic violence is once again in the NFL spotlight due to another round of disturbing allegations against lame-duck Cleveland quarterback Johnny Manziel.
Manziel's ex-girlfriend Colleen Crowley told police that Manziel "told her 'shut up or I'll kill us both' after forcing her into a car, hitting her, and dragging her by the hair," according to a report by WFAA in Dallas on Thursday. Initial reports of the incident, which occurred last Friday, surfaced on Saturday.
Dallas and Fort Worth police have both declined to press charges, citing a lack of cooperation by Crowley as one of the reasons, but according to WFAA, she is "afraid for her safety and has drafted an order of protection to be presented to a Tarrant County district court judge." Manziel has denied the claims to TMZ. However, the reported details paint a horrifying picture:
Sources say while in his hotel room, the two of them argued over another girl. Crowley told police she tried to leave the room, but that Manziel wouldn't let her.
Crowley told police Manziel "restrained" in some manner and "led" her down a back stairway to the valet area.
"I was crying and begged the valet, 'Please don't let him take me. I'm scared for my life!'" she told police. The valet reportedly told her, "I don't know what to do" and let Manziel leave with her.
Sources say Manziel then drove her about a half-mile to her car, which was parked near the Concrete Cowboy bar off Cedar Springs Road. She claims she jumped out of the car and tried to hide from Manziel, but he found her in some nearby bushes.
"He grabbed me by my hair and threw me back into the car and got back in himself," she reportedly told police. "He hit me with his open hand on my left ear for jumping out of the car. I realized immediately that I could not hear out of that ear, and I still cannot today, two days later."
If this sounds familiar, well, that's because it is. Last October in Ohio, the police were called to the scene of a roadside fight between Manziel and Crowley. In that case, Crowley told officers that Manziel "pushed her head against the glass of the car" and "hit her a couple of times in the car." She could also be overheard on dash-cam footage saying she was "in fear for my life." There were photos of fresh abrasions on Crowley's arm, but police said it couldn't be determined whether Manziel did this to "knowingly cause physical harm to her" or if it was Manziel trying to keep her "safe from exiting the vehicle." Police closed the investigation at the scene and Crowley left with Manziel.
The NFL investigated the incident in October and cleared Manziel because there was "insufficient basis on which to take disciplinary action."
In the fall of 2014, after the video of Baltimore Ravens running back Ray Rice knocking out his fiance in the Atlantic City casino elevator was released to the public, the NFL revamped its domestic violence policies and committed millions of dollars to helping victims and raising awareness of the issue. Among the revamped policies, the league established a protocol for independent investigations of domestic violence and sexual assault allegations, since law enforcement does not always do an adequate job handling these issues.
READ MORE: After Ray Rice, The NFL Pledged Millions To Fight Domestic Violence. Here's How The Money Was Spent.
Over the past two years, the league has continuously touted initiatives to educate players and teams about domestic violence, but the rhetoric used to describe Manziel's alleged abusive behavior by some associated with the league is concerning. Last October in Cleveland, there were reports that the Browns were concerned about the "sometimes turbulent nature" of the relationship between Manziel and Crowley, and were hoping they would break up.
This week, Hall of Famer Deion Sanders, who is employed by the league-owned NFL Network, echoed that victim-blaming conceit when he told reporters that Crowley was Manziel's biggest problem.
"Because he feels as though this game don't love him, the people in this game don't love him, so the only thing that he associates with love is that thing that's really inflicting a lot of pain on him and that's his girlfriend," Sanders said. "His last two issues have been with her. Take away that and what you got?"
Spreading the message that a woman is responsible for the domestic violence she provokes is dangerous and down-right inexcusable. Plus, it's clear that Manziel has issues that go far beyond Crowley. On Friday, his long-time agent announced that he had dropped Manziel as a client, stating that "it has become painfully obvious that his future rests solely in his own hands."
Manziel's father told reporters in Dallas on Friday that his son had declined to enter rehab twice in the past two weeks. "I truly believe if they can't get him help, he won't live to see his 24th birthday," he said.
This Sunday, right before the start of the third quarter, the NFL will air a PSA from No More, a public awareness campaign designed to engage bystanders around ending domestic violence and sexual assault. This particular ad is about how to recognize when a friend might be in danger. "Jake is in one of his moods. I should prob not go out," one girl texts. "Again?" her friend asks. According to Finn Partners, the PR firm behind No More, the NFL donated the air time and paid for production costs — a continuation of a partnership that began after the Ray Rice video.
Unfortunately, up until this point at least, nobody in the NFL has said "no more" to Manziel, and the former Texas A&M star has continued to harm both himself and Crowley.
After the incident last October, the Browns actually promoted Manziel to starting quarterback. He but was then benched weeks later when pictures emerged of the 23-year-old partying during his bye weekend. Manziel went to rehab last year for what was reportedly a substance abuse issue. He was caught partying a few other times during the season, but only sat out a few games before being named starter once again.
However, it's now being reported that Cleveland will release him from his contract in March, when the new NFL year officially begins. But there are rumors that the Dallas Cowboys, an organization that gave alleged domestic abuser Greg Hardy a second chance, are interested in the 2013 first-round draft pick. The NFL has stated that it is aware of the most recent allegations, and is conducting its own investigation.
On Friday, a Texas judge ordered a protective order requiring Manziel to stay at least 500 feet away from Crowley's home and workplace for the next two years. The judge said "there's reason to believe family violence occurred."
WFAA is reporting that Crowley has now given a statement to the Dallas PD and wants the district attorney to press charges.
The Dallas PD subsequently announced that it is opening an investigation into the incident last weekend.


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3 Reviews
We really enjoyed these Egg Rolls with the combintion of different peppers. Loved the oyster sauce marinade. I did leave out a few things, like the broccoli and bean sprouts. Also left out the Chinese Five Spice powder as I don't like it. I used napa cabbage which we love in egg rolls. We cut the recipe down for the two of us and served with our Sweet and Sour Sauce. Thanks for sharing this great recipe. It does make a lot. Made for PAC Fall 2012.


text:
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|Starring: Andy San Dimas, Coco Velvett, Draven Star
|Stashed: 6 times
|Studio: N/A
|From scene: LA Pink, Scene 6
|Length: 1:34
|Created Mar 21, 2011
|Tags: sloppy, cum swap, kissing, tattoos, Punk, plays with cum, hd
|Rated 1 times


text:
Click here to print the obituary below
George Scott(1928 - 2013)
George R. Scott
LAFAYETTE - George R. Scott was born November 22, 1928 in Natchitoches, Louisiana and died at home in the loving care of his family on Friday, October 25, 2013 of complications from a stroke.
Funeral services will be held on Tuesday, October 29, 2013 at an 11:00 AM Mass of Christian Burial in La Chapelle de Martin & Castille in Lafayette.
Giftbearers will be Joey and Ginger Songné. Readers are Joey Songné and Cliff Johnson.
Interment will be held on Wednesday, October 30, 2013 at 2:00 PM in Centuries Memorial Park Cemetery, 8801 Mansfield Road, Shreveport, LA 71108.
George was the oldest of eleven children born to George T. and Argerine Hicks Scott. He left home at an early age to work and help support the family while still completing high school.
"Scotty" and his lifelong friend, Billy Wingfield moved to Shreveport in 1949 where Billy introduced Scotty to Aline Smith. They fell in love and married September 17, 1950, settling in Shreveport. George served in the United States Army during the
Korean conflict
where his qualities of industry, leadership and integrity were recognized and rewarded.
Upon his discharge, they returned to Shreveport where George resumed working as a lineman for Southern Bell. During his 34 years with the company, he advanced into management and found his niche, marketing. In 1974, he was transferred to Lafayette to be the marketing manager, a position he held until his retirement in 1993. He then began his own company, Scott Wire and Cable that he operated until 2011, in the later years partnering with Joey Songné. Throughout his career, George mentored many young people and had a positive influence on them.
George was a respected member of the business communities of Shreveport and Lafayette, known for his hard work, commitment, square dealing. He served his community through his membership in the Knights of Columbus, the Telephone Pioneers of America and the
Rotary Club
George and Aline raised five children. He was a great father, teaching through word, example, and humor, cherishing his children, his grandchildren and great grandchildren. George was committed to his wife and family, took care of his mother and kept strong ties with his sisters and brothers and their families.
George was an avid golfer and ardent fan of LSU football and baseball. He supported the Ragin' Cajuns. He and Aline traveled extensively, exploring America, its wonders and its golf courses, often with close friends, including "the Bouree Bunch." He and Aline enjoyed river cruises in Europe and the U.S. and exploring Italy and Greece.
George made friends with ease and kept them for life. He was appreciated for his storytelling and for the great sense of humor that marks the Scott clan (when they get together, they laugh). He was a good neighbor and friend to many. He will be sorely missed, but remembered always.
George's parents and sister Barbara LeDoux preceded him in death.
George is survived by his wife of 63 years Aline Smith Scott; his daughters and their husbands: Alicia and Cliff Johnson of Ringgold, Susan Scott and Rob Ryland of Shreveport, Ellen Scott and Steve Jones of Shreveport; his sons and their wives: Mark and Mary Jane Scott of Brandon, Mississippi, and Paul and Susan Scott of Thousand Oaks, California; grandchildren: David Johnson, Jeni Bogan, Zach and Lauren Scott, Kate and Liz Ryland, Madeline Scott, Stevie, Sarah and Melissa Jones; great grandchildren: Paige, CheyAnn, Christian, Jakob, Summer, Kailyn and Paxton.
Also survived by his sisters, Elaine Hendricks, Patricia Gregory, Kathleen Gregory, Sandra Hebert, Diane Huse, Linda Fontenot, Sara Long; brothers Kenny and Roger Scott; brothers in law and sisters in law and nieces and nephews and many good friends and neighbors.
Pallbearers will be George's sons, sons in law, and grandsons.
The family requests that visitation be observed in Martin & Castille's DOWNTOWN location on Monday from 5:00 PM to 8:00 PM and on Tuesday from 8:00 AM until time of service.
A Rosary will be prayed Monday at 7:00 PM in Martin & Castille Funeral Home by Deacon Jay Bergeron.
Special thanks for the loving care provided by CNA Lisa of Hospice Compassus and all the Home Instead sitters, especially Janice, Monica and Suellen, and the many friends who continue to offer support and compassion to us.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests memorials in George's name to St Jude's Hospital or Miles Perret Cancer Center and asks for Masses to be offered in his memory.
View the obituary and guestbook online at
Martin & Castille-DOWNTOWN-330 St. Landry St., Lafayette, LA 70506, 337-234-2311
Funeral Home
Martin & Castille
330 Saint Landry Street
Lafayette, LA 70506
Published in the The Advertiser on Oct. 27, 2013


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In 1502, at the request of the Turkish sultan, Leonardo da Vinci came up with the design for a stone bridge that would cross the Golden Horn [...]. With a span of some 240 meters, it would have been the longest bridge in the world—if it had been built. Now, more than 500 years after the sultan rejected da Vinci's design, a team of students and volunteers in the Finnish town of Juuka are in the process of constructing a scale model of the original drawing—out of ice. — history.com
Related stories in the Archinect news:Gaudí's uncompleted masterpiece will finally be finished—in iceIceCave Iceland is a city in the glacierFrank Gehry designs "Icehenge" desk for Inland Steel in Chicago View full entry »
There's an interesting construction/excavation project going on over in Iceland right now: an artificial tunnel and cave complex being dug into the Langjökull Glacier.
When complete, the publicly accessible infra-glacial facility "will consist of numerous nooks and dens which will house exhibitions, information, restaurants and even a small chapel for those who would like to marry deep within an ice cap." — bldgblog.blogspot.com
A group of students at the Eindhoven University of Technology are trying to build a new, temporary version of the monumental church well before then, but with some notable differences. At just over 123 feet tall, their Sagrada Familia will be a 1:4 model of the original. It will be erected on a site in Finland, almost 2,000 miles north of Barcelona. It will take them three weeks to build it this winter, rather than a century. And instead of stone, it will be constructed out of ice. — qz.com
Several blocks around the World Trade Center and the Battery Park Underpass were shut down Wednesday due to reports of ice falling from the tower. [...]
Dangerous blocks of ice have been cascading down from 1 World Trade Center intermittently for the past two weeks, leading to several road closures and panic among pedestrians. — nydailynews.com
This is a story about a desk — not any desk, mind you, but a startling, Frank Gehry-designed security desk in the lobby of the Inland Steel Building, one of Chicago's great mid-20th century high-rises.
The U-shaped desk is best described as a piece of furniture that's been elevated to the level of art, or is simply an emblem of excess. — articles.chicagotribune.com
Warming Huts: An Art + Architecture Competition on Ice has unveiled the five winning projects of its 2013 edition. Like in previous winters, the selected huts will be built in early January on site and placed on the Assiniboine Credit Union River Trail in Winnipeg, Canada - the longest naturally frozen skating trail in the world. — bustler.net
Czech firm mjölk architekti has shared with us their fascinating proposal "POLAR HEN" which was - under the title "ICE PILLOWS" - just recently named one of the five winners in the internationally acclaimed Warming Huts v.2011, An Art +Architecture Competition on Ice (...with one of the other four winners being Frank Gehry!).
For only one winter, the five winning huts will be created and placed on the frozen Assiniboine River in Winnipeg, Manitoba. — bustler.net
Mongolia is to launch one of the world's biggest ice-making experiments later this month in an attempt to combat the adverse affects of global warming and the urban heat island effect.
The geoengineering trial, that is being funded by the Ulan Bator government, aims to "store" freezing winter temperatures in a giant block of ice that will help to cool and water the city as it slowly melts during the summer. — guardian.co.uk
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text:
End Of Sumer Dance Mix
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Aug 26, 2007 | 4:35 PM EDT
- File Info
- Song
- 6 min 11 sec
- Score
- 4.36 / 5.00
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You may not use this work for commercial purposes without making specific arrangements with the artist UNLESS your work is a web-based game or animation, in which case you may use this freely.
- Score:
- Rated 4.36 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 23,884 Plays | 2,240 Downloads
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- Genres:
- Electronic - Trance
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Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
really good beats mate love this stuff...takes me back to when i first started listening to techno keep up the sick mixing
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This song blows my mind.
I actually signed up on newgrounds just to write this review:
I honestly cannot find a single flaw in this song.. From the steady beat of the bass to the amazing... (i'm not exactly an expert on the different parts of a song...) ...everything else, I just can't help to rave out to this song every time I hear it. Now that I think of it, I'm going to totally call it: this is my favorite dance song. done. only one more thing: moar like this! the people demand it!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I like this song so much that i just might have to download
Rated 5 / 5 stars
just splendid
i could not believe what i heard. this song is absolutely splendid i love it so much. i might as well download it into my ipod because i just dont know what to say. this is one of the greatest peices on music ive heard.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This is soo a own!!!
Awsome , Keep on