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The Party of PrincipleSmaller Government - Lower Taxes - More Freedom
A Press Release issued by the Libertarian Party
WASHINGTON - Libertarian Party (LP) Executive Director Wes Benedict spoke today about the presidential aspirations of Texas Governor Rick Perry.
Benedict's speech may be viewed online here.
A transcript of the speech follows:
WASHINGTON - On January 17, 2011, the Libertarian Party (LP) asked the 90,000 readers of its weekly email message to take a poll asking, "When will we know that Republicans successfully fooled the Tea Partiers?"
59% of respondents chose the option, "When they raise the debt limit without real spending cuts."
View the poll results here.
WASHINGTON - As Republicans and Democrats in Washington continue chewing the scenery in their 'Debt Limit Theater,' Libertarian Party Chair Mark Hinkle released the following statement today:
"Everything I've heard from Washington politicians about the debt limit is nonsense. I propose the simplest option: Do nothing. Don't raise the debt limit, period.
"None of the deals I've heard would do anything to cut federal spending. Some reduce the rate of growth a little bit, but I'm afraid that doesn't count.
WASHINGTON - Libertarian Party Chair Mark Hinkle release the following statement today:
"As I have watched this tabloid phone-hacking scandal unfold, I have been reminded about how delicate our privacy is, and how vulnerable we are to government intrusion into our lives.
"If it's so easy for journalists and private detectives to hack into our emails and phones, just think how much the government, with its much greater resources, can pry into our lives.
WASHINGTON - Libertarian Party Chair Mark Hinkle released the following statement today:
"A lot of people feel like Casey Anthony got off easy. I feel the same way about our members of Congress.
"These folks violate their solemn oath to uphold the Constitution on a daily basis. Most of them deserve to be kicked out of office for life -- but instead, they get praised by the media, by the special interests they cater to, and others. And of course, they get to enjoy cushy government jobs.
WASHINGTON - Libertarian Party Chair Mark Hinkle responded to President Obama's June 22 speech with the following comments today:
"President Obama's speech was disappointing, but not surprising. The withdrawals he announced are painfully inadequate. Obama's withdrawals, even if they are carried out as he described, will still leave about 70,000 American troops in Afghanistan, probably for years to come. The president is commander-in-chief of the military. He has the power to end the war now, and withdraw all American troops, and that's what he should do.
WASHINGTON - June 17, 2011 is the 40th anniversary of America's War on Drugs. Libertarian Party Chair Mark Hinkle issued the following statement today:
WASHINGTON - John Hospers, the Libertarian Party's first presidential nominee in 1972, died on June 12, 2011 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 93.
Hospers became the Libertarian Party's first nominee for U.S. President at its first national convention in Colorado on June 18, 1972. Hospers and his running mate, Tonie Nathan, each received one electoral vote in the 1972 election from Roger MacBride, a renegade elector in Virginia.
Hospers was a professor of philosophy at several universities, including the University of Southern California.
WASHINGTON - While supporting steps taken over the past several years to end the unequal treatment of gays in the area of marriage, Libertarians say a just society is one in which no law depends on one's sexual identity.
WASHINGTON - Libertarian Party Chair Mark Hinkle released the following statement today regarding the ongoing debate about the future of Medicare:
"Republican Paul Ryan's plan to 'privatize' Medicare is just rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic.
"If Congressman Ryan is so worried about the cost of Medicare, maybe he should not have voted for the huge Republican Medicare expansion in 2003.


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RushSun, May 5, 2013 - 7:30 PMVeterans United Home Loans Amphitheater at Virgini in Virginia Beach, VA
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This book lived up to every expectation i had. It has you hooked and sucked in with the first few pages. Amanda is learning to deal with life and learning to come to terms with everything without the one person that can heal her... Logan. Logan walked away from Amanda thinking and believing that he was doing the best thing for her.
Neither of them deal at all well without each other.
This story is so emotional, right from the start, how they deal with their struggles, their heartache, their anger, their pain is absolutely gut wrenching. Its a story of healing, growing, learning, friendship, love and most of all strength. This author writes this perfectly, you heart wrenches for these characters, i found my self with tears flowing without even noticing till i couldn't see through them, i found myself laughing, i found myself smiing and yelling.
i'd give this book ELEVENTY THREE STARS if i could !!!! I can't wait for the next in the series, so please Jay McLean cure my flat line and get my thump thump back !!!!
i have one more thing to say, if you haven't read this series yet WHY NOT??
There's so much i want to know...
But I'll only ask one question!!!!
There is going to be more books right??
Honestly just read all JAY MCLEANS books.
You will NOT be disappointed!!!
4.5 stars!!
"You meant the world to me. And if you couldn't see that - then that's how I'll start. Every day I'll show you, and every day I'll prove to you just how much you meant to me. How much you still mean to me."
Jay McLean does it again with the continuation of Logan's story. This is again emotional, but Jay does do "emotional" really well. My heart broke for this couple. The book starts with Amanda just dealing with Logan's departure and she is not coping well. She is just living a mundane existence day to day and never really moves on. She just cannot comprehend how he could just up and leave without saying goodbye.
Logan, with the help of his dad has moved overseas to become an aide worker, working with people who are really having a torrid time and is a real eye opener for Logan. After working there for quite some time he soon comes to realise that he is still not happy and that he is not doing the right thing for himself. He needs Amanda and come hell or high water he is going to fight for her. All I could say was "about time!!"
"I don't need the world, Logan. I just need you."
This book was a book about self discovery and forgiveness. Logan needed to find himself before he could commit to Amanda. He may have gone about it the wrong way but at least the end result was the right one. He has some serious making up to do and Amanda needed to forgive him for his past transgressions before they could move on as a couple.
"I can't waste them, Logan. You're my person. I'll never run out of loves for you. Ever."
The heart to hearts that these two had were much needed, they needed to open up their lines of communication and once they were opened there was no stopping them.Read more ›
Most Recent Customer Reviews
I never read a series back to back as I find myself getting bored with the characters, plot lines etc but not with this series ! Read morePublished 3 months ago by Kelly O'connor
What a rocky time Logan and Amanda had to get their happy ending! I loved both their characters by the end of this book, after being frustrated with the way the last book ended,... Read morePublished 7 months ago by Gisele
I loved this series and i was really excited to find out that there's a fourth. Really enjoyable and one to definitely read!Published 8 months ago by Donna
4.5 Stars
More Than Him is the 3rd book in the more than series.
OK I will admit it I'm suffering from a serious case of the warm and fuzzies. Read more
I really did enjoy the 2 books that made up Logan and Amanda's story. They were both a trillion times better than book 1 of this series. Read morePublished 10 months ago by Lou
Loved this story so much. How two people can go throughout life with all that crap happening to them and come out like they did in the end. Fantastic story a must read.Published 10 months ago by Debz
lovely to see both sides of the story. Feel sorry for male character. Made me cry in a lot of places, but ultimately a happy ending all round.Published 14 months ago by Jennie Woodhead
Very good series each book and each character easy to feel a connectionPublished 15 months ago by Amazon Customer
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PRO Research
TeliaSonera Is Still A Good Dividend Investment
Power Hedge
Power Hedge
Fri, Jan. 29, 10:24 AM
- Economic problems in Eurasia are complicating a plan for TeliaSonera (OTCPK:TLSNY +1.6%) to sell out of networks there, chief Johan Dennelind says.
- "Macro is troublesome in many markets and you could argue the timing is wrong," Dennelind says. "But focusing efforts into the Nordic and Baltic markets is more important. We have to make sure we exit responsibly -- we are not running away and leave the keys on the table."
- The Swedish operator expressed an interest in selling out of the region -- and its Fintur co-owner Turkcell (TKC +2.9%) showed a strong interest in buying -- but the company says closing a sale may be tough.
- Other parties than Turkcell are interested in Fintur, though, which owns four operators in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Moldova.
- TeliaSonera already treats the Eurasian operations as "discontinued" in reports.
- Previously: Turkcell on the hunt for control of Eurasian operators (Sep. 18 2015)
Fri, Jan. 22, 10:48 AM
- Telenor (OTCPK:TELNY +3.7%) and TeliaSonera (OTCPK:TLSNY +3%) are moving into the second phase of Norway's 1800 MHz spectrum auction later this month.
- The two came out as winners in the first phase, which lasted 83 rounds and drew 877.98M krone (about $103.3M). Now they'll have until next Thursday to submit bids for specific locations in the band. Telenor had secured 20 megahertz while TeliaSonera secured 5 megahertz.
- TeliaSonera (which operates in Norway under the NetCom brand) and Telenor launched LTE services in the country in 2012, and offer them through the 800 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2.6 GHz bands.
- Previously: TeliaSonera, Ericsson working on 5G testbed for Sweden, Estonia by 2018 (Jan. 22 2016)
Fri, Jan. 22, 10:29 AM
- TeliaSonera (OTCPK:TLSNY +2.7%) is working toward a launch of 5G networks in Sweden and Estonia by 2018, developing use cases along with Ericsson (ERIC +6%) for the next-gen network.
- The companies are working both on Internet of Things (Iot) applications as well as person-to-person communications.
- "Stockholm and Tallinn are two of the most connected cities in the world and now we'll take them to the next level," says TeliaSonera CEO Johan Dennelind.
- The companies pointed to e-health and connected cars as key applications for the new technologies, along with better network performance.
Nov. 25, 2015, 6:55 PM
- While VimpelCom (VIP +6.8%) got a boost today on news that it may be close to settling with the U.S. in an Uzbekistan corruption probe, TeliaSonera (OTCPK:TLSNY +2.2%) may be facing a bigger headache as the U.S. looks to extend the probe into other markets, according to Swedish daily Svenska Dagbladet.
- Danske Bank analysts think the company could now be facing compensation claims of 15B kronor ($1.72B), triple what they had expected before.
- The probe is reportedly widening to TeliaSonera's activities in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan, and even Nepal.
- Other companies besides VimpelCom and TeliaSonera -- Mobile TeleSystems (NYSE:MBT) and Telenor (OTCPK:TELNY) -- are linked to dealings with Takilant, the company tied to Gulnara Karimova, daughter of Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov.
Oct. 15, 2015, 2:51 PM
- TeliaSonera (OTCPK:TLSNY) is off 5.3% in U.S. trading as Muddy Waters goes short, claiming that information withheld from investors will have an impact on the shares and the company's credit profile.
- The Swedish provider has been withdrawing from Eurasia even as U.S. prosecutors probe whether the company was tied to criminal corruption in Uzbekistan. Its CEO Lars Nyberg resigned in 2013 amid criticism of the company's Uzbekistan investment.
- "While TeliaSonera has provided some transparency into its misdeeds in Uzbekistan, it has not made public the likelihood that the company's other Eurasian and Nepal operations suffer from similar problems, and on a massive scale," Muddy Waters writes.
- Payments in Uzbekistan exceeding $380M might be the "tip of the iceberg," they write. "We estimate – perhaps conservatively – that TeliaSonera could have made corrupt payments throughout its Eurasia and Nepal operations that exceed SEK 17B ($2.1B). In addition, TeliaSonera is potentially obligated to make additional payment to a problematic partner in Azerbaijan of up to SEK 7.6B ($934.5M)."
- Muddy Waters open letter to TeliaSonera
- Previously: U.S. telecom probe seeking to seize $1B in European assets (Aug. 13 2015)
Sep. 18, 2015, 8:08 PM
- Turkcell (TKC -1%) is in the market to buy out the rest of some Eurasian assets from Sweden's TeliaSonera (OTCPK:TLSNY -2.2%), which is refocusing on Europe.
- The Turkish carrier says it's working to take control of Fintur, which owns four mobile operators in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Moldova. Turkcell has a 41.45% interest in Fintur, and TeliaSonera the other 58.55%.
- Correspondingly, the four operators operate as units of TeliaSonera with its branding style.
- Turkcell has pointed to its Ukrainian spread -- it bought out its partner in Ukraine's Astelit in June -- as a model for more regional cross-border expansion.
- Previously: Turkcell up as JPMorgan get bullish on Turkish telecom (Sep. 17 2015)
- Previously: Turkcell names CEO for Ukraine unit (Sep. 16 2015)
Sep. 11, 2015, 11:41 AM
- Sweden's TeliaSonera (OTCPK:TLSNY +0.1%) and Norway's Telenor (OTCPK:TELNY -1.7%) have abandoned a merger of operations in Denmark amid strict opposition from EU regulators -- the first such opposition after a couple of years of mobile consolidation.
- That consolidation happened under then-Competition Commissioner Joaquin Almunia, who was succeeded by Margrethe Vestager last November.
- "What we were looking at were very serious concerns," said Vestager about the Danish market. "To me it was necessary to have a fourth mobile operator." She said there shouldn't be conclusions drawn about the UK and Italy, however, where similar deals could reduce the number of national operators to three each.
- TeliaSonera and Telenor faced a relatively easier tie-up in Denmark operationally, as the two already share a network, but also thus had fewer options for divestment to satisfy regulators.
- Shares in Danish market leader TDC fell 7.7% in Copenhagen, and are down 8.2% in OTC trading (OTCPK:TDCAF).
Aug. 13, 2015, 6:28 PM
- U.S. prosecutors are pursuing the seizure of $1B in assets tied to a criminal corruption probe of Uzbekistan, to which they've linked foreign telecoms VimpelCom (VIP -1.9%), Mobile TeleSystems (MBT -2.5%) and TeliaSonera (OTCPK:TLSNY +1.4%).
- Authorities think the firms (based in the Netherlands, Russia and Sweden respectively) sent hundreds of millions of dollars to business controlled by Gulnara Karimova, daughter to Uzbek President Islam Karimov, to secure wireless spectrum there.
- The U.S. is asking European banks to assist in grabbing the funds, part of a recently more aggressive push against foreign corruption by the U.S. -- which has jurisdiction with regard to VimpelCom and MTS since they trade on U.S. exchanges.
- TeliaSonera delisted about 10 years ago, but could be involved if its deals used the U.S. financial system. Its CEO Lars Nyberg resigned in 2013 amid criticism of the company's Uzbekistan investment.
- Earlier this year in the same probe, the U.S. pursued seizing some $300M in accounts in Ireland, Belgium and Luxembourg. Authorities think Gulnara Karimova is the beneficial owner of the $1B they're seeking.
Company Description
Sector: Technology
Industry: Telecom Services - Domestic
Country: Sweden
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CHESTER, Pa. – Coach Gene Allen of the Atlantic City High School boys basketball team saw a familiar sight Saturday night.
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Agreement restricts police role in Denver schools
DENVER (AP) – Amid a chorus of recent announcements that schools nationwide are adding police officers or enhancing security measures, a new agreement between schools and police in Denver stands out.
Signed Tuesday, the contract limits the role of police officers in schools, in response to concerns that schools were relying too heavily on officers to handle minor disciplinary problems.
School safety has been a hot topic in Colorado since the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School, which left 12 students, a teacher and two gunmen dead. The state adopted strict zero-tolerance policies in the wake of that shooting, referring students to law enforcement automatically for offenses such as trying to break up a fight or carrying a fake gun onto campus.
Those policies were relaxed last year by state lawmakers, who worried that too many students were being sent to the criminal justice system and facing unnecessary interruptions to their education.
Similar concerns prompted the new agreement in Denver. One Denver student, Tori Ortiz, said on a conference call Tuesday that she had seen students ticketed or escorted out of class by police officers for indiscretions as small as talking in class or talking back to a teacher. The culture in the schools, she said, was one of criminalizing young people.
"There were using police to deal with discipline matters rather than what they're really in the school to deal with, which is safety matters," said Jason Sinocruz, a staff attorney for the Advancement Project, a Washington, D.C.-based civil rights organization that helped with the Denver agreement.
Ortiz is a member of Padres y Jovenes Unidos, a grassroots group of parents and students that led the charge for the new guidelines.
"There were too many cases of students being sent to a court for stuff that should have been handled in schools," said Ricardo Martinez, co-director of the group.
The new agreement makes a distinction between disciplinary issues and crimes, and requires officers to treat these cases differently.
The deal also provides guidelines for reporting problems to principals and parents, advises officers on how to deal with students who have disabilities, mandates regular community meetings and sets annual training requirements for officers working in schools.
The contract does not reduce the number of officers in schools _ currently 15 distributed among 17 campuses _ but explicitly outlines their role and emphasizes the use of "restorative approaches," rather than ticketing or court referrals, for dealing with minor disciplinary problems.
There was no formal opposition to the agreement.
Although other school districts have established similar _ though usually less formal _ guidelines, Denver may be unique in its timing. School safety announcements since the December shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Connecticut typically have been about schools adding officers or adopting zero-tolerance policies. One school district south of Denver, for example, recently invited police officers on patrol to write their arrest reports from school parking lots.
But supporters of the agreement believe restricting police authority will make schools safer than simply adding more officers.
"When you are not locking up students for minor offenses, you will find students will then develop a positive outlook on your police on campus," said Steve Teske, a juvenile court judge in Clayton County, Ga., who led an effort there that established a similar policy in 2004. "When that happens, kids begin to open up and share information that police need to hear that can prevent the guns and drugs and other things coming onto campus."
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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text:
They call it the Roster of the Ridiculous, a list including a dirty dozen of the crazy - and disgusting - pieces of marine debris collected during annual Jersey Shore beach cleanups.
So on Thursday, as the Sandy Hook-based environmental advocacy group Clean Ocean Action invited thousands of volunteers to come out for its 29th annual spring Beach Sweeps on April 26, the group highlighted some of past years' "finds" from Raritan Bay down to Cape May.
Plastics and cigarette filters account for most of the debris, but over the years, the slew of odd items littering the beach has included a Port-a-Potty, refrigerators, grave markers, rubber alligators, a large rubber fish, a life-size plastic policeman, the head of a Yoda doll from Star Wars, a shopping cart, and a variety of intact fresh fruit, including a watermelon.


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The Logician and the Engineer: How George Boole and Claude Shannon Created the Information Age Hardcover – Oct 28 2012
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Product Description
"Meshing logic problems with the stories of two extraordinary men--Victorian philosopher-mathematician George Boole and twentieth-century information theorist Claude Shannon--Paul Nahin fashions a tale of innovation and discovery. . . . Alongside a gripping account of how Shannon built on Boole's work, Nahin explores others key to the technological revolution, from Georg Cantor to Alan Turing."--Nature
"Part biography, part history, and part a review of basic information theory, the book does an excellent job of fitting these interlocking elements together. Nahin's work is best suited to students and faculty in electrical engineering, mathematics, and information science. It is also recommended for anyone with an interest in the history of information technology."--William Baer, Library Journal
"The reader is taken on a journey from the development of some abstract mathematical ideas through a nearly ubiquitous application of those ideas within the modern world with so many embedded digital computers. . . . I enjoyed the discussion of Claude Shannon. In the history of the computer and development of the internet and World Wide Web, his ideas and contributions are too often overlooked. He is one of my heroes and I believe that everyone that reads this book will come to the same conclusion."--Charles Ashbacher, MAA Reviews
"Paul J. Nahin really knows how to tell a good story. The Logician and the Engineer in part is the biography of two very important persons in computer history, George Boole and Claude Shannon, but there's more; this book encompasses a wide range of computer history and computer design, and there are logic puzzles and brainteasers throughout. George Boole, a pure mathematician, and Claude Shannon, a practical electrical engineer, never met as they were born a hundred years apart. . . . The Logician and the Engineer will be enjoyed by budding computer scientists, engineers and more experienced readers. The Logician and the Engineer is truly a gem."--Robert Schaefer, New York Journal of Books
"A short but fairly detailed exploration of the genesis of Boolean logic and Shannon's information theory. . . . [G]ood background reading for anyone studying electronics or computer science."--Christine Evans-Pughe, Engineering & Technology
"Although the book is technical, it is always easily understandable for anyone (for those who need it, some basic rules for electrical circuits are collected in a short appendix). It is not only understandable but also pleasantly bantering and at occasions even facetious."--A. Bultheel, European Mathematical Society
"Most valuable to this reviewer, and likely to many potential readers, is the closing chapter, aptly titled Beyond Boole and Shannon. Here is provided an introduction to quantum computing and its logic, possibly portending the future of computers, yet unmistakably bearing the footprints of the two early pioneers. It is an unexpected yet fitting conclusion to this thoroughly enjoyable read."--Ronald E. Prather, Mathematical Reviews Clippings
"Nahin has had the very good idea of connecting the very different worlds and times of Boole, Shannon, and others to demonstrate that a little Victorian algebra can turn out to be very useful. Readers will also learn about Turing machines, quantum computing, and other more futuristic topics."--Robert E. O'Malley, Jr., SIAM Review
"The exposition is clear and does not assume any prior knowledge except elementary mathematics and a few basic facts from physics. I recommend this well-written book to all readers interested in the history of computer science, as well as those who are curious about the fundamental principles of digital computing."--Antonín Slavík, Zentralblatt MATH
"[T]his is a useful and often interesting introduction to the life and work of two intellectual giants who are largely unknown to the general public."--Gareth and Mary Jones, London Mathematical Society Newsletter
"The problems are varied and indeed intriguing, and the solutions are delightful."--Mathematics Magazine
"This book is not light reading. It would be excellent for advanced high school juniors or seniors with a strong interest in computer science as well as mathematics."--Tom Ottinger, Mathematics Teacher
From the Back Cover
"In this book, Nahin brings to life the immense practical outcomes of deep theoretical ideas. Too often, technological advances are seen as isolated inventions and the underlying mathematical and scientific infrastructure goes unappreciated. By following the story of George Boole and Claude Shannon with a lively historical style, and a futuristic extension to quantum computing, Nahin makes the connection of theory and practice into something vivid and compelling."--Andrew Hodges, author of Alan Turing: The Enigma
"From electromechanical relays to quantum computing, Nahin takes us on a delightful exploration of Boolean logic and the careers of George Boole and Claude Shannon. This is a superb book for anyone who wants to understand how that gigahertz chip in their favorite electronic doohickey really works."--Lawrence Weinstein, author of Guesstimation 2.0: Solving Today's Problems on the Back of a Napkin
"Written with the skill and ability that we have come to expect from Paul Nahin, The Logician and the Engineer is an interesting and informative account of the history of formal logic, the lives of its two great investigators, and the applications of Boolean algebra in electronic computation."--Chuck Adler, St. Mary's CollegeSee all Product Description
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Top Customer Reviews
There's none of it.
This is a book on electrical circuit design, by a professor of electrical engineering and mathematics. It is a textbook for the enthusiastic student entering the field. Nahin is clearly far more at ease in formulas than in narrative. The ubiquitous exclamation points and overuse of italics are vivid testament to that. The biography reader will be lost after the first formula is built. This book is about the math, not the people.
But as such, there is nothing wrong with this book. It is clear, organized, inviting, and easy to digest if you are interested in the subject matter. But let's be clear - the subject matter is circuit design, not Boole and Shannon. After chapter three, Boole barely gets mentioned at all, while Shannon pops up here and there because of a relevant paper (and the occasional joke). But these appearances are as scientific references, not biographical events or descriptions.
Ironically, Nahin ends the book with the story of The Language Clarifier, a black box used to interpret legalese so that mere mortals could comprehend what the fatheads (his term) had written. If only the publishers had been required to use it, this book might not be so misleading.
Most Helpful Customer Reviews on Amazon.com (beta)
There's none of it.
This is a book on electrical circuit design, by a professor of electrical engineering and mathematics. It is a textbook for the enthusiastic student entering the field. Nahin is clearly far more at ease in formulas than in narrative. The ubiquitous exclamation points and overuse of italics are vivid testament to that. The biography reader will be lost after the first formula is built. This book is about the math, not the people.
But as such, there is nothing wrong with this book. It is clear, organized, inviting, and easy to digest if you are interested in the subject matter. But let's be clear - the subject matter is circuit design, not Boole and Shannon. After chapter three, Boole barely gets mentioned at all, while Shannon pops up here and there because of a relevant paper (and the occasional joke). But these appearances are as scientific references, not biographical events or descriptions.
Ironically, Nahin ends the book with the story of The Language Clarifier, a black box used to interpret legalese so that mere mortals could comprehend what the fatheads (his term) had written. If only the publishers had been required to use it, this book might not be so misleading.
Should you trust a book about logic when itself contains muddled reasoning? I found one section of this book where the author apparently did not read what he wrote. In section 8.1 p 139 ff the author is explaining 'states' with the classic example problem of the two adults and two children on one side of a river, with a boat that holds only one adult or two children, the problem being how to get everyone over to the other side when anyone can row. Fair enough, he shows 10 'states' where everyone ends up safely on the other side of the river. But then, writing that sometimes we want the two children to be left on the original side of the river with the boat, and not to end up across the river, because they are running a 'transportation service,' he makes the embarrassing error of writing that we now need an additional eleventh 'state' to get the children back to the original side leaving the two adults across the river. But the children were already on the original side of the river with the boat at 'state' number 9, and the two adults were safely across the river! This is clearly not simply a typo. The author leaves no doubt that he was not paying attention to his own writing when he directs us to note that the same 'state' never occurs twice. But 'state' 9 is exactly the same as the 11th 'state' he says we now need!
It is clear this book was scarcely edited or proofread and (probably) written in a hurry.
in several ways.
Its first deficiency is that Nahin has relatively little to say
about the putative subjects of his book, filling in with a
congeries of topics of interest to himself. In spite of the
book's sub-title -- "How George Boole and Claude Shannon Created
the Information Age" -- Boole and Shannon are minor actors in
this book. Of its more than 220 pages, one 24-page chapter
provides brief biographies of Boole and Shannon, and another
chapter of the same length discusses Boolean algebra. The bulk of
the book, however, is given over to digital circuit-design,
probability, Turing machines, logic puzzles, and speculations
about future computers.
The reader gets a warning of strange things to come in Chapter 1,
entitled "What You Need to Know to Read This Book." The chapter
focuses heavily, and weirdly, on potentiometers, ending with a
demonstration of the parabolic shape of the resistance-function
of two ganged potentiometers. Oddly for an electrical engineer,
Nahin states that the term "rheostat" is "a rather old-fashioned
word" for a potentiometer. Potentiometers and rheostats are
actually quite different devices. Although both are three-
terminal variable resistors, a potentiometer is a voltage-divider
that uses all three terminals, whereas a rheostat uses two
terminals (the slider and one other terminal) to control current
by connecting a variable resistance in series with the load.
A second deficiency of this book is its pervasive carelessness.
An example is the section-title, "The Mathematician," that begins
the chapter on Boole and Shannon -- even though Boole is called
"The Logician" in the book's title. This carelessness is also
exhibited by misspellings such as "Pierce," "Goldstein," and
"Baggage." These are readily interpreted by readers interested in
computers and logic. More likely to cause confusion is his
reference to "the 1940 Alfred Nobel Prize" awarded to Shannon.
This prize is named after Alfred Noble, not the famous Swede.
The rest of my comments concern a final deficiency of this book:
its shaky grasp of Boolean algebra and the work of Boole and
Nahin's chapter on Boolean algebra is particularly muddled. In
the section, "Boole's Algebra of Sets," he announces that Boole
"used our inclusive-or + symbol for his exclusive-or." Boole's +
is not, however, exclusive-or. Boole invented two algebras in his
"Laws of Thought." In the first, the sum x+x has no meaning; the
addends must be disjoint. In the second algebra, x+x=2x. In the
section of this chapter entitled "Propositional Calculus," Nahin
defines a proposition, discusses some propositional operations,
and then announces that he's really been talking about Boolean
algebra: "There is nothing more to Boolean algebra than what I've
already told you." Later in this section he asserts, "Boolean
variables can have just one of two values (0 or 1). So, to
confirm an identity, all we have to do is examine, one by one,
all the possible combinations of variable values (a finite
number)." Unlike propositions, however, Boolean variables can
have values other than 0 or 1. Some examples are a subset of a
set, a divisor of 30, and a'+b. It is indeed true that one need
only consider the values 0 and 1 to verify an identity (this
property is confirmed by the Lowenheim-Muller Verification
Theorem), but not because a Boolean algebra is necessarily two-
Nahin is enthusiastic about Shannon's "famous epiphany of
marrying Boolean algebra with electrical switching circuits" in
his 1938 paper, "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching
Circuits" -- but seems not to have read the paper. Rather than
Boolean algebra, Shannon's analysis is based on propositional
logic. (Shannon mentions Boole as an historical figure, but does
not cite Boole, or any work on Boolean algebra, in his
references.) In a further misunderstanding of the paper, Nahin
reverses Shannon's association of series and parallel connections
with logical "or" and logical "and," respectively.
Anyone buying this book to learn "How George Boole and Claude
Shannon Created the Information Age" will be disappointed.
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