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- Dodge Ram 2002-2003 Customizable Dual Exhaust Kit
Dodge Ram 2002-2003 Customizable Dual Exhaust Kit
Product Description
Dodge Ram. All Wheel Bases. 6 or 8 cyl
Fits years 2002-2003
Our Kits will convert your single exhaust system to a dual exhaust system with a Performance muffler that will give your truck the look, sound and performance you have been searching for !! Our kits are fully customizable so you control how much you spend. Our kits are easy to install , Most jobs take 1 afternoon and basic hand tools . aluminized steel 2 -piece tail pipes make for easy installation. (They are will go around the Factor trailer hitch & spare so no tire removal is necessary.)
This includes a name brand performance muffler (of your choice) with Two prebent aluminized steel tail pipes. Fits regular, extended or quad cab trucks. Fits long or short beds.
This auction consists of the following:
Performance muffler (of your choice)
Two prebent, aluminized steel tailpipes. most trucks can choose between mandrel bent or wrinkle bend as well as 2.25" or 2.5"
Features mandrel bent tail pipes for higher flow !!!!
Clamps, Hangers, hardware & necessary adaptors includedMuffler options :Cherry Bomb ExtremeCherry Bomb Extreme mufflers Cherry Bomb Extreme mufflers feature a unique wing plate design that emphasizes exhaust flow over sound control. These 100 percent welded mufflers are constructed from aluminized steel and finished with a high-temperature gray coating for durability. Cherry Bomb Extreme mufflers are non-reversible due to their custom-tuned flow design and are intended for off-road and racing applications.Cherry Bomb Vortex mufflersCherry Bomb Vortex mufflers feature a patented flow divider design with high-temperature fiberglass packing that increases exhaust flow and adds an aggressive exhaust note. These are 100 percent welded, black aluminized steel mufflers. Cherry Bomb Vortex mufflers are perfect for adding a more aggressive sound to your car, truck, or SUV.Cherry Bomb Pro mufflersCherry Bomb Pro mufflers feature a unique wing plate design that improves your exhaust system's flow and sound characteristics. These 100 percent welded mufflers are constructed from aluminized steel and finished with a high-temperature gray coating for durability. Cherry Bomb Pro mufflers are non-reversible due to their custom-tuned flow design, and their standard body size allows them to work with most car and truck applications.40 series Flowmaster mufflersLooking for the most aggressive sound in the Flowmaster muffler line? Then take a look at these 40 series Flowmaster mufflers. Designed for use on street and strip vehicles, they take the sound waves produced in the exhaust, and cancel them against angled baffles built into the muffler case. This improves both horsepower and fuel economy. Best of all, these Flowmaster mufflers allow you to hear that cool Flowmaster tone inside of the vehicle, as well as outside of it. So, if you want more power and less noise, then you've gotta get these Flowmaster mufflers.Flowmaster Super 44 mufflersFlowmaster Super 44 mufflers offer distinct advantages over original 40 Series mufflers, while using the same technology as the Super 40 mufflers. The Super 44 mufflers deliver a deep, rich tone with an improved flow path radius, optimum internal flow, and sound control engineering, all created with Flowmaster's Delta Flow technology. The Super 44s are the most aggressive, deepest sounding, highest performing 4 in. case street mufflers that Flowmaster has ever built. These American-made, all-black mufflers exceed OEM specifications for use on street cars, race cars, and sport trucks. They are ideal when dynamic sound, torque, and horsepower improvements are demanded in a smaller high performance muffler. Their maximum performance and improved flow path will generate more torque and power than ever before! If you really want to hear your exhaust system inside as well as outside of your vehicle, then these Super 44 Flowmaster mufflers are for you.Super 40 Flowmaster mufflersThese Super 40 Flowmaster mufflers significantly outflow the older two-chamber mufflers. They help create even more horsepower with less interior noise and a deeper exterior sound. These mufflers feature a design patterned after Flowmaster's race mufflers, with a classic black case. These Flowmaster mufflers far exceed older models on Dyno tests. They create a beautiful hot rod sound, along with increased horsepower and gas mileage. So, if you want to get that hot rod sound and add some horsepower, then these Flowmaster mufflers have you covered.Flowmaster's 50 series Delta Flow mufflerFlowmaster's new 50 series Delta Flow mufflers are designed to produce a mellow, deep sound. They're milder on the outside of the vehicle than the 40 series mufflers, and significantly quieter on the inside. These mufflers combine the increased horsepower and torque you've come to expect from Delta Flow technology, with the performance sound and feel that Flowmaster is famous for.Flowmaster Super 10 series mufflersThese Flowmaster Super 10 series mufflers are intended for customers who desire the loudest and most aggressive sound they can find. They are manufactured from 16-gauge, MIG-welded 409 stainless steel and feature the same patented Delta Flow technology that is found in Flowmaster's other Super series mufflers to deliver maximum performance. The Flowmaster Super 10 series mufflers are intended only for off-road or race applications using mufflers.MagnaFlow XL 3 chamber mufflersMagnaFlow XL 3 chamber mufflers use a unique combination of large-diameter perforated tubing and strategically placed sound baffles to reduce unwanted resonance and help your engine create horsepower. The sound baffles tune the sound waves using calibrated tuning gate openings that allow portions of the waves to pass through. These tuned waves reflect off the back wall of the muffler and cancel out unwanted harsher sounds. The large-diameter perforated core eliminates the flow restrictions of a louvered-style core. A careful balance between perforation size/spacing and the baffle tuning gate makes for great 3-chamber performance mufflers.Flowsound 2 chamber mufflersThese mufflers will look and sound just like the more expensive competitor . They are constructed from the same 14 ga aluminized material but cost just a fraction as much .Flowsound 1 Chamber MufflersThese little guys are very loud , They sound just like the major competitors 1 chamber muffler but without the expense !
Product Reviews
Showing reviews 1-10 of 11 | Next
great product 3rd time I buy from them, all is good.
Posted by jr on 03/6/2016
Awesome product will buy again.
Good Kit for the Money / Room for Improvement
Posted by Mike G on 05/28/2015
Good materials, quality hangers, block nuts would be better than fender washers for the existing frame holes on a dodge. The drivers side pipe was not quite true when I clocked it with the stickers. A little tweaking took care of that. My kit was shipped with no mid pipe adapter luckily I had some old mufflers and pipe in my scrap bin. overall I am happy with the product.
Great Job
Posted by Unknown on 11/5/2014
... The delivery came in fast and everything fit together with ease. Great deal on a quality exhaust.
Can't beat this
Posted by Unknown on 09/11/2014
For the money this exhaust can not be beat. It fit exactly as it should. Everything was there and it sounds great. May buy another one for my sons truck!
great package !
Posted by dave on 09/10/2014
I love it. It took a couple hours to install and was simple My truck sounds boss !
I will defiantly do business with them again
decent exhaust at good price point
Posted by Corey on 09/6/2014
I was replacing a flowmaster American thunder kit that was beyond its years. I did not want to spend that kind if money for a kit that will rust out just as quick as any non stainless kit. So I looked for alternatives and found a customizable kit here. It bolted up nicely and sounds great. I didn't want a loud muffler and it's perfect. Quiet in the cab, good rumble outside.
2002 Dodge RAM 5.9ltr V8
Posted by Keith in the Adirondack mountains on 04/28/2014
Actually this exhaust kit is really good! Everything I needed to complete the install was there, and directions were complete and easy to follow. Truck sounds great! I wouldn't hesitate to do business with this company in the future. Thank you!
2003 dodge V-6--Sounds like a V-8 now!!
Posted by Paul on 02/11/2014
Fast shipping, detailed instructions and the video they show helped greatly.. after I installed the kit was not sure how it was going to sound with my v-6, but when I cranked it up was thoroughly impressed!! Like I said sounds like a v-8 (while going through a parking garage the other day, I gunned the engine and set off someone's car alarm)
Posted by Frankie on 10/8/2013
i must say you guys say 5-9 days shipping....i got mine in 4 days....very quick...Ty
The install went like it did in this video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0q4bWt3bmzE
very skeptical at first, but it went so well. it came with all hangers and clamps. The exhaust tips were beautiful and wrapped in a separate box.
i'm very happy to write this review!
P.S. The sound of the super 44 sounds AWESOME!!
Thanks for a great awesome sounding cat-back exhaust kit for my 2003 Dodge Ram 1500 Hemi!!
Frankie From Brooklyn
00 Dodge Ram Sport
Posted by PC on 09/6/2013
Picked up the dual 2.5" mandrel bend kit. Great quality kit, easy to follow instructions and fast shipping. Very happy with the sound, price and performance of the kit! Thanks guys.
Showing reviews 1-10 of 11 | Next
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Washington, MOUSA
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|July 23, 2016, 02:16:06 PM
Want to Join our site? CLICK HERE
|Staff List
on: June 29, 2016, 05:46:38 PM
|Started by Benson1 - Last post by Gui961
well unless you want to only turn it to less than 6000rpm . you will need heavy dual spring. you wont strip or break a stud in a vanguard unless you have clearance problem . even the ec dual spring float at 8k ...
on: June 29, 2016, 04:03:38 PM
|Started by Benson1 - Last post by Benson1
I would say its between mild and wild deff not stock. Not concerned about price really just didn't wanna run the double spring I think it's over kill and I don't wanna be ripping out studs.
on: June 29, 2016, 03:07:30 PM
|Started by mrmowitall - Last post by mrmowitall
Cerro Gordo Speedway
809 S Washington St
Cerro Gordo, IL
(217) 519-2471
July 9-10, 2016
Saturday, July 9
Registration, Tech Inspection: 12 - 3 PM
Drivers Meeting: 3:15 PM
Practice: 3:30-5 PM
Heats: 5:30 PM
Racing: 7 PM
Sunday, July 10
Registration, Tech Inspection 9 - 11 AM
Drivers Meeting: 11:15 AM
Practice: 11:30-12:30 PM
Heats: 12:30-1:30 PM
Racing Features: 2 PM
Hotels: 10 miles away
Sleep Inn
3920 E. Hospitality Lane
Decatur, IL 62521
217) 872-7700
Baymont Inn
5100 Hickory Point Frontage Rd
Decatur, IL 62526
800) 337-0400
2370 S Mount Zion Rd
Decatur, IL 62521
(888) 293-5571
on: June 29, 2016, 05:11:04 AM
|Started by George Herrin - Last post by George Herrin
Good Morning everyone. Hopefully your all doing well. While you head out todaay here is something to ponder on.
What you perceive as a failure today may actually be a crucial step towards the success you seek. Never give up NEVER. .
Yall think about that and have a WONDERFUL DAY today!!!
on: June 28, 2016, 09:33:34 PM
|Started by Benson1 - Last post by Gui961
why a single spring. stock engine . mild or wild .
cheaper way is the ec kit. good for mild engine. you could use only the outter if the engine is mostly stock
on: June 28, 2016, 05:47:45 PM
|Started by Doubledee - Last post by damon.mosley57
Sent from my N9130 using Tapatalk
on: June 28, 2016, 03:45:15 PM
|Started by s.jenkins - Last post by s.jenkins
Thanks for the response Chavez and Mr. Herron
on: June 28, 2016, 02:46:25 PM
|Started by s.jenkins - Last post by BIG AL 202
Race and Event Announcements / USLMRA Races / Re: June 11-12, Gun Barrel City, TX, STA-BIL Series Weekend
on: June 28, 2016, 02:29:15 PM
|Started by mrmowitall - Last post by mrmowitall
STA-BIL Series Gun Barrel City, Texas Recap
By Angeline Robinson and Zoe Kaufman
Can we get a yee-haw?!
The USLMRA infiltrated the Lone Star State of Texas on June 11-12 weekend! We had our fabulously famous national staff on hand; Manny Torres, National Tech Director, Kerry Evans, USLMRA VP and Chief of scoring and timing, and Bruce Kaufman, Mr. Mow It All. We also had Zoe Kaufman, Adam (Bruce's nephew), and Angeline as support staff; taking pictures, conducting interviews, and helping out where we could. We had many of our own lawn stars at the track this weekend too. Some of Angelines own racers from South Carolina, Tommy Hartness, Drew Clabough, and Andy Clabough all made the trip to race, Derrick Robinson was unable to attend due to last minute work obligations. The OK Mower Racers came down from Oklahoma, Harold and Stephanie McDonald, and their awesome crew. Jason Murray and Doc MOW, Kenny Holder came in from Arkansas, and the Bennings, Larry (Teddy Bear) and his wife Jennifer came down from Kansas.
Of course, no lawn mower racing adventure in Texas would be complete without John Nelson, Sir Lawns A Lot, a USLMRA Hall of Famer and jokester extraordinaire!
John Nelson, or Sir-Lawns-A-Lot has been racing around a track since 2001. Beginning with IMOW and progressing to almost all of the classes. Lawns-A-Lot, and the late Charles Powell, Mr. Mowjangles who was president of the Lone Star Mower Racing Association, hit it off right away. Lawns-A-Lot became vice president of the chapter and together with Mowjangles were a mow-than-perfect team traveling all over the country. After the passing of Charles, John humbly took over the presidency.
John is now involved in mow things than just lawn mower racing. Hes a proud Texan and claims hes not a sitting on the couch kind of guy. Retired for four years he took on the project of constructing a piece of machinery called the Mow longer. Built from scratch from an old lawn mower that had been sitting in the garage, the Mow Longer is 14ft long. He chopped it up and put it back together and after six months the Mow Longer had 5 engines. Mr. Nelson uses the Mow Longer for promotional purposes to get the Lone Star Mower Racing Association name out there. Mr. Nelson drives the Mow Longer around on an open trailer and many people will pass by, roll down their windows and take pictures of it. Mr. Nelson says the thing that bugs him the most is when people say, There is such a thing as lawn mower racing?? Mr. Nelson is hoping to change that with the help of the Mow Longer. Its sure to be a success in Texas.
Angelines crew from South Carolina made the 14+-hour trip to Gun Barrel City, Texas to compete in this Sta-Bil 360 national race. The SC, crew decided to drive all night Thursday in an effort to arrive early Friday to rest before racing activities on Saturday and Sunday. The SC all arrived in the early morning hours of Friday morning.
Then came Saturday and Sunday; RACE DAYS! Now let's talk about some racing. The mower count was on the low side, but that was ok! We came to have fun, and to have new experiences, and we did just that! Although the mower count was low, racing was at an elevated high! Andy Clabough stole the show both days with wins in the GP class. Doc MOW, Kenny Holder held off his competitors both days in the CP class. Larry Benning was able to step his way into the winner's circle in the SP class both Saturday and Sunday. The I-Mow class was my favorites class of the weekend though. It was compiled of 3 ladies; these ladies battled their hearts out against one another all weekend, trading positions back and forth throughout all races! It was great to see the competitiveness brewing amongst the women. These ladies drive one another so hard on the track, but come off the track and hug; like they are sisters... WAIT!!! Two of them are sisters!!! Ada Parnell, eMOWji and Debbie Hobbs are in fact real life sisters. Holly Walker might as well be these two's adopted sister. All of these ladies speak so highly of one another on and off the track, it's awesome! Some of you men out there need to let these ladies show you a thing or two about sportsmanship. Holly Walker may not be Ada and Debbie's sister, but she is wife to Police Chief, Robert Walker. Both Holly and Chief Walker's racing mowers were decoratively themed to represent the chief's career in law enforcement. Chief Walker's mower went a touch above all others, though. He had blue and red flashing LED lights in his headlights! It was hilarious watching him "chase" Mr. MOWyagi down in the BP race on Sunday. It was like watching a real police chase, until Robert passed Mike for the win. The FXS class showed really good racing during both days, all three MOWchines seemed to be pretty equal in power, but Jason Murray would hold off Kenny Boyle and Drew Clabough to win both of those races. The FXT race was very exciting Saturday and Sunday, Scott Wilder inched out Andy Clabough, Kenny Holder, and Glenn Wilhelm all the while, popping monstrous wheelies on his mower! I've never seen any mower pull the front tires like Scott's did, he was in excess of 4 feet in the air at times! Needless to say, our first impression of Texas was FUN!!!
We are so blessed to add more members to our already abundant racing family, everyone was amazing there!
HUGE THANKS to Mr. MOWyagi, Michael Howell and his club, L.S.M.R.A. for hosting this national race at their track. Mike and his crew worked tirelessly on the racetrack to give us the best track they possibly could. They worked between the heats and mains, they worked between the slower classes and the faster classes to give the faster guys the best racing surface; these guys worked their tails off all weekend for us! Thank you all! Also, thanks to the volunteers at the Toys-4-Tots benefit that worked tirelessly to keep us fed from morning to night each day! Thank you to everyone who had a part in making this Texas race such a success! It was wonderful from beginning to end!
on: June 28, 2016, 01:22:51 PM
|Started by Sean1369 - Last post by BIG AL 202


text:
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text:
Pluggers by Gary Brookins
- November 10, 2012
- From Beginning
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Comments (6) (Please sign in to comment)
Pluggers have their own; they don't need to borrow one.
I used to be a caddy. So I would carry the bags for the golfers.
Yet while at work within a Weld Shop, it is easy enough to also borrow company time to work on Home Projects..
Regardless of myself being employed at a Manufacturing Plant as a Welder, I most certainly would not ever do such a thing..
A 94 year old contributor? PARTY ON MR. ART LEMKE OF RAMONA, CALIF! YOU REMIND ME OF MY DAD! BLESS YOU SIR!
This one goes in MY COLLECTION! :-)
I own two: one for light duty, and one for heavy duty. The heavy duty comes with tractor treads so you can pull/push heavy loads up stairs.
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Linspired: Jeremy Lin's Extraordinary Story of Faith and Resilience - eBook
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Product Information
|Format: DRM Protected ePub
Vendor: Zondervan
Publication Date: 2013
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Publisher's Description
Linspired reveals the remarkable journey of the ultimate underdog, Jeremy Lin, formerly of the New York Knicks, current superstar point guard of the Houston Rockets, and the first American-born player of Chinese/Taiwanese descent to play in the National Basketball Association.
In spite of being cut by two NBA teams before he signed with the Knicks, Lin always trusted that God had a plan for his life and his talents. In an interview with Mike Yorkey, Lin says, "I'm not exactly sure how it is all going to turn out, but I know for a fact that God has called me to be here now in the NBA.
After weeks of sitting at the end of the bench, a teammates injury finally placed Lin on the court. Since then, he has captivated sports fans throughout the world with his tremendous skill and humble response to all the acclaim.
Weighing in on this phenomenon are tenniss Michael Chang, the first notable Asian-American athlete, Lins pastor, Stephen Chen, and Pat Williams, senior vice president of the Orlando Magic. Other features include eight pages of full-color photos and in-depth interviews with Lin himself, as well as an entirely new chapter detailing Jeremys move to the Rockets.
Author Bio
Mike Yorkey is the author, co-author, editor, or collaborator of one hundred books. He has written for The Los Angeles Times travel section, Skiing, Tennis Week, World Tennis, City Sports, and Racquet. He lives in Encinitas, California.


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Numerical and Experimental Study of a Concentrated Indentation Force on Polymer Matrix Composites
V. Antonucci[1][2], M. Esposito[1], R. Marzella[2], and M. Giordano[1][2]
[1]Institute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, CNR, Portici, NA, Italy
[2]Imast, Portici, NA, Italy
A quasi static indentation test on a laminate composite has been investigated numerically and experimentally. In particular, the test has been implemented by COMSOL Multiphysics® and optimizing the Finite Element and mesh. In addition, the numerical strain results have been validated by the comparison with the respective experimental deformation data that have been obtained by fiber Bragg ...
An Analysis of Plunger Temperature during Glass Parison Pressing
P. Ngankeu[1], and E. Gutierrez-Miravete[2]
[1]EMHART Glass Research Inc, Windsor, CT, USA
[2]Rensselaer at Hartford, Hartford, CT, USA
The press and blow (P&B) process is widely used to produce glass containers. While the P&B process has demonstrated to be capable of reducing container weight by as much as 33%, it can also induce the formation of micro-checks that weaken container strength. This paper presents a model of the heat transfer due to the intermittent contact of glass with the plunger during several pressing ...
Stress Distribution in Masonry Walls, Loaded in Plane, Simulated with COMSOL
A.T. Vermeltfoort, and J. van Schijndel
Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
The tensile strength of masonry is relatively low compared to its compressive strength and is affected by the direction of the joints and their filling. In masonry with modern thin layer mortar (joint thickness 3 to 5 mm) sometimes the head joints are left open. A total of 13 model-walls was built and for each model four general purpose mortar combinations and three thin layer mortar ...
Multiphysics Software Applications in Reverse Engineering
W. Wang[1], K. Genc[2]
[1]University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
[2]Simpleware, Exeter, United Kingdom
During the past decade reverse engineering has become a common and acceptable practice utilized by many aftermarket suppliers, and even original equipment manufacturers (OEM). This presentation focuses on the applications of multiphysics software such as COMSOL and Simpleware® in reinventing the design details and manufacturing processes of an existing part in the absence of the original design ...
A Numerical Study for Rubber Particles Collection Involved in New Thermoforming Composite Process Using COMSOL Multiphysics®
R. Carbone[1], V. Antonelli[2][3], A. Langella[1], and R. Marissen[3]
[1]Material and Production Engineering Department, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
[2]Institute of Lightweight Structures, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
[3]Design and Production of Composite Structure, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
This paper deal of the forming process applied to the thermoplastic composites. A new thermoforming process that uses rubber particles collection as flexible mould was presented and numerically modeled. A characterization of the rubber in particles form was previously performed to value the material parameters in the user-defined hyperelastic constitutive laws employed in the FEM (Finite Element ...
Structural Mechanics of Cooling Catheters
M. Pavelchak, J. Urcinas, and T. Merrill
Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
This paper describes the use of structural mechanics capabilities within COMSOL to explore new cooling catheter designs. Cooling catheters may be used to save ischemic tissue resulting from strokes or heart attacks. Typical guide catheters use metallic braiding to ensure torsional strength. Braiding, however, displaces space for flows and limits design options. To explore alternatives to ...
Modeling of Anisotropic Suede-like Material During the Thermoforming Process
G.Lelli[1], M. Pinsagli[1] , and E. di Maio[2]
[1]Alcantara S.p.A. (Application Development Center), Nera Montoro, Italy
[2]University of Naples "Federico II" (Department of Materials and Production Engineering), Naples, Italy
Physical and mechanical studies of Alcantara® have shown very pronounced anisotropic nonlinear features. Using constitutive equations borrowed from the modelling of biological tissues like tendons and/or arteries under the form of hyperelastic free-energy functions, a good representation of such mechanical features can be obtained. In particular, a combination between the optimization module ...
A Simplified Approach to the Contact in Thermo-mechanical Analysis of Refractory Linings
Y. Kaymak
VDEh Betriebsforschungsinstitut GmbH
Düsseldorf, Germany
The geometrical design and material choice for a refractory lining requires a good understanding of its thermo-mechanical behavior. Design engineers clearly need a tool for fast and efficient computation of thermo-mechanical state of refractory linings under various conditions. However, standard simulation models and their solutions suffer as the linings are composed of many refractory blocks in ...
Thermal Model for Single Discharge EDM Process Using COMSOL Multiphysics
K. Gajjar[1], U. Maradia[2], K. Wegener[2]
[1]Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India
[2]Institute for Process Tools and Manufacturing (IWF), Zurich, Switzerland
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-conventional process used for machining electrically conducting materials. In die sink-EDM, sparks are generated between tool and workpiece resulting in heating of both electrode surfaces and creating a melt pool of metal which leads to generation of new surfaces on cooling. Physical processes involved in electric discharge and material removal are ...
Numerically Closing the Loop of the Adaptive Optics Sensor: the Validation of the COMSOL Multiphysics® Simulation - new
C. Del Vecchio[1], R. Briguglio[1], A. Riccardi[1]
[1]National Institute for Astrophysics, Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Florence, Italy
As any other modelling of a physical behavior, the numerical simulation of the mechanical response of an adaptive secondary mirror requires that the results match the experimental data. Such an agreement was recently demonstrated for the local mirror stiffness of the LBT and VLT Deformable Mirrors; a reliable modeling is a good tool for the extrapolation of the missing optical data (spider ...


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PHOENIX -- Arizona State running back Loren Wade remains suspended from the team while the university's athletic department conducts an internal investigation of a possible NCAA violation involving the payment of Wade's utility bill.
The university is reviewing records within the athletic department to make sure there are no other potential offenses. School officials will then send a report to the Pacific-10
Conference for review. The conference's compliance committee is expected to recommend any punishment to the NCAA, which would make the final determination.
"There is nothing new to report," Mark Brand, assistant athletic director for media relations, said Thursday. The process "will take many months," Brand said.
Wade was suspended from the team two weeks ago when athletic department officials discovered that a compliance assistant in the school's compliance and recruitment department put her name on a line of credit to allow the running back to pay an overdue utility bill, said a source close to the investigation, speaking on the condition of anonymity. The money was to be repaid, the source said.
The Arizona Republic reported Thursday that Wade is also said to have borrowed the compliance officer's car.
The employee, Wendy Adams, was fired after the utility bill incident was discovered and confirmed.
Unless a more widespread problem is discovered, athletic department officials do not believe the case will result in the forfeiting of any games or other major penalty.
The 19th-ranked Sun Devils are 5-0, their best start since they went 11-0 in the 1996 regular season. The team is off this week and then plays No. 1 Southern California in Los Angeles on Oct. 16.
Wade, a sophomore, started the first three games. His replacement following the suspension, Randy Hill, was knocked out for the season with a knee injury against Oregon State two weeks ago.
Hakim Hill, playing with his broken right forearm in a cast, rushed for 134 yards in last Saturday's 28-13 victory at Oregon. He hopes to have the cast removed before the USC game.


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Tim Cook just became Nike's 'lead independent director'
Cook has served on Nike's board for more than a decade.
Timothy D. "Tim" Cook (born November 1, 1960) is the CEO of Apple. Cook joined Apple in March 1998 as SVP of Worldwide Operations and also served as EVP of Worldwide Sales and Operations and was COO until he was named the CEO of Apple on August 24, 2011, succeeding Steve Jobs, who died on October 5, 2011, from pancreatic cancer. Cook had previously served as acting CEO of Apple after Jobs began a medical leave in January 2011.
In early 2012, he was awarded compensation of 1 million shares, vesting in 2016 and 2021, by Apple's Board of Directors. As of 2012, Cook's total compensation package of $378 million makes him the highest paid CEO in the world.
Cook grew up in Robertsdale, Alabama, near Mobile. His father was a shipyard worker, while his mother was a homemaker. Cook graduated from high school at Robertsdale High School, earned a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Auburn University in 1982, and his M.B.A. from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business in 1988.
Cook spent...
Cook has served on Nike's board for more than a decade.
The tech giant handed out the gift to employees to mark its 30th year being associated with Pride weekend.
The Apple CEO may have more than just a passing interest in Bollywood.
The Apple CEO's post-disappointing-earnings-report charm offensive moves to Asia.
As Apple bets big on India, Tim Cook to visit the country for the first time as Apple CEO.
Apple is trying to be more sustainable. But by constantly rolling out new products, it's contributing to a consumerism that may be difficult to neutralize from a carbon standpoint.
Donald Trump disrupts Silicon Valley.
Speaking in front of the House Intelligence Committee on Thursay, Comey said the case raised big questions about security vs. privacy in the U.S.
Cook: "What is at stake here is: Can the government compel Apple to write software that we believe would make hundreds of millions of customers vulnerable around the world."
Tim Cook's first interview regarding the San Bernardino iPhone case will air on Wednesday on ABC News.
Tim Cook wants Apple to drop its All Writs Act requests and let the experts talk it out.
Wait, you haven't seen this statement everywhere? Weird, because Cook definitely said it. Yep. He did.
"Some have speculated that the federal government has been looking for a way to compel Apple to create this backdoor for years, and was just waiting for the right case to play their hand."
"The product is not you."
Donald Trump aimed his colorful line of political commentary on Wednesday at a new target: Apple.
Tim Cook posted an open letter to Apple customers Tuesday.
Goodbye, Tim Cook's blurry photo, we hardly knew ye.
When you're Tim Cook, you can't just post a blurry Super Bowl photo on the Internet and get away with it.
The battle over "backdoors" for smartphone continues.
Apple has fears for law-abiding citizens.
Tim Cook, Jony Ive and other key Apple executives discuss a wide-ranging number of topics related to rumors, product design, and China.
Tim Cook's well known southern charm turns to Silicon Valley ice-in-his-veins when questions of Apple's taxes come into play.
Jeff Williams fills a number-two spot in the executive suite that has been vacant since Cook became CEO in 2011.
"It's so disheartening to see the intolerant discourse playing out in the news these days."
Apple CEO says its time to make coding part of grade school curriculum.
If you aren't sure how to start a conversation with someone with a disability, ask Siri.
Apple and Microsoft may now be on speaking terms, but they're certainly not best friends.
For a company that sells a lot of PCs, Apple has a pretty pessimistic outlook on the category.
Apple is not the only tech firm making big bets on renewable energy.
Apple TV will become available next Monday, Oct. 26
ABC exclusively obtained video footage of Jobs being a little warmer and fuzzier than some of the film's trailers make him out to be.
Four years after the passing of Steve Jobs, Apple executives pay tribute to his legacy.
Tech CEOs are making Stephen Colbert one of the few TV shows with a window on the Silicon Valley boom.


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Velocitor Boots - New for Summer 2013
The Velocitor Boot by Bates Footwear is performance driven with athletic styling and versatility. Featuring a lightweight leather and mesh upper, the exoskeleton design enhances comfort and flexibility while providing support while in motion. A cushioned EVA midsole adds medial support and a durable TPU toe bumper is scuff resistant. Check them out: http://www.batesfootwear.com/US/en/VelocitorBoots
Join the discussion
PoliceOne top 5
1 Prosecutors drop all remaining charges in Freddie Gray case
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4 Video: Cuffed suspect opens fire in back of cruiser, is killed by police


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Selenocysteine (Sec) is cotranslationally inserted into protein in response to UGA codons and is the 21st amino acid in the genetic code. However, the means by which Sec is synthesized in eukaryotes is not known. Herein, comparative genomics and experimental analyses revealed that the mammalian Sec synthase (SecS) is the previously identified pyridoxal phosphate-containing protein known as the soluble liver antigen. SecS required selenophosphate and O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec as substrates to generate selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec. Moreover, it was found that Sec was synthesized on the tRNA scaffold from selenide, ATP, and serine using tRNA[Ser]Sec, seryl-tRNA synthetase, O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase, selenophosphate synthetase, and SecS. By identifying the pathway of Sec biosynthesis in mammals, this study not only functionally characterized SecS but also assigned the function of the O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase. In addition, we found that selenophosphate synthetase 2 could synthesize monoselenophosphate in vitro but selenophosphate synthetase 1 could not. Conservation of the overall pathway of Sec biosynthesis suggests that this pathway is also active in other eukaryotes and archaea that synthesize selenoproteins.
Selenocysteine (Sec) is a selenium-containing amino acid that is cotranslationally inserted into protein and is recognized as the 21st amino acid in the genetic code [1–3]. Sec is incorporated into protein in all three lines of descent, eukaryota, archaea, and eubacteria, but unlike other amino acids, Sec synthesis occurs on its transfer RNA (tRNA), designated tRNA[Ser]Sec [4,5]. tRNA[Ser]Sec is initially aminoacylated with serine by seryl-tRNA synthetase and the seryl moiety provides the backbone for Sec synthesis. The biosynthesis of Sec was established in Escherichia coli in the early 1990s [6–8]. Bacterial Sec synthase (SecS) (E. coli selenocysteine synthase [SelA]) is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent protein that converts the serine attached to tRNA[Ser]Sec to Sec by initially removing the hydroxyl group from serine to form an aminoacrylyl intermediate. This intermediate serves as the acceptor for activated selenium, and when selenium is donated, selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec is formed. The active selenium donor in bacteria is synthesized from selenide and ATP by E. coli selenophosphate synthetase (SelD), and the product of the reaction has been identified as monoselenophosphate (SeP) [9].
A distant homolog of bacterial SelA (SelA-like) is present in some archaea but is not active as SecS [10], and it does not always co-occur in archaea with Sec insertion systems. In addition, no SelA sequences could be detected in eukaryotes. Although Sec insertion systems are different in bacteria from those in archaea and eukaryotes [11–13], several factors have been characterized in mammals that most certainly have a role in Sec biosynthesis. For example, the soluble liver antigen (SLA) was initially identified as a 48-kDa protein bound to Sec tRNA[Ser]Sec that was targeted by antibodies in patients with an autoimmune chronic hepatitis [14]. SLA was subsequently reported to exist as a separate family within a larger superfamily of diverse PLP-dependent transferases [15], and this protein has been proposed to function as the mammalian SecS (e.g., see [3,15–17]). Further evidence that SLA is involved in selenium metabolism is that it was found to occur in a protein complex with other factors involved in the biosynthesis of Sec and/or its insertion into protein [17,18]. In addition, a kinase that phosphorylated a minor seryl-tRNA was reported in 1970 [19] that was subsequently isolated, characterized, and found to specifically phosphorylate the seryl moiety on seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec [20]. The resulting phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec was proposed either as a candidate substrate for SecS (see [3,20] and references therein) or it served as a storage form [21] . Furthermore, two genes initially thought to have a role in selenophosphate synthesis, sps1 and sps2, have been reported in mammals [22–25], and the product of sps2 is a selenoprotein, SPS2 [22,24]. The Sec-to-Cys mutant form of SPS2 has low enzyme activity [22,24,26] and can complement SelD in Escherichia coli cells transfected with the mammalian mutant form [26]. Complementation of SelD− E. coli cells with SPS1 or SPS2 has suggested that SPS1 may have a role in recycling Sec via a selenium salvage system and SPS2 may be involved in the de novo synthesis of selenophosphate from selenide [27]. However, it should be noted that, to our knowledge, selenophosphate has never been shown to serve directly as the active selenium donor in Sec biosynthesis in eukaryotes.
Herein, we used a comparative genomics search and experimental analyses to show that SLA is the mammalian SecS. This protein belongs to a different family of PLP-containing enzymes and uses O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec rather than seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec as substrate. SecS dephosphorylates O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec and accepts the active selenium donor to yield selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec. We also demonstrated unequivocally that the selenium donor in eukaryotes is SeP by using this compound as a substrate in a reaction with SecS and phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec. Selenophosphate is indeed synthesized in mammals by SPS2, whereas the distant homolog of SelD in mammals, SPS1, did not synthesize the active selenium donor. Conservation of the overall pathway of Sec biosynthesis suggests that it is also active in other eukaryotes and archaea.
We analyzed completely sequenced genomes of eukaryotes and archaea for the occurrence of selenoproteins. Twenty-six eukaryotes and three archaea that had these proteins and 24 eukaryotes and 24 archaea that did not were identified. Comparative genomics studies were then carried out to identify genes that co-occur with selenoproteins in (1) eukaryotes (Table 1) and (2) archaea (Table 2). Each of the searches had known components of Sec insertion machinery as top candidates as well as an additional protein, herein designated as SecS. In mammals, SecS is also known as SLA. SLA was first detected as an autoimmune factor that coimmunoprecipitated tRNA[Ser]Sec from cell extracts in patients with autoimmune chronic hepatitis [14], and it also bound other Sec insertion components [17,18]. SecS formed a separate family within a larger superfamily of diverse PLP-dependent proteins and was previously suggested to convert a tRNA-bound serine to Sec [15]. We found that it occurred exclusively in both eukaryotes and archaea which had selenoproteins but was lacking in the other organisms examined (Figure 1 and Tables 1 and and2).2). These observations strongly suggested that SecS may be the missing SecS in eukaryotes and archaea. Based on the multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of SecS and other PLP-dependent proteins, including SelA, SelA-like, and SepCysS, it was clear that bacterial SelA and archaeal SelA-like proteins [10], on one hand, and SecS, on the other, belonged to completely different families of PLP-containing proteins (Figures 1 and and2),2), suggesting that their similar functions arose by convergent evolution. SecS was also distantly homologous to SepCysS, a protein recently found to synthesize cysteine from phosphoserine in some archaea [28] (Figures 1 and and2).2). After identifying a likely SecS candidate by comparative genomics analysis, we experimentally verified its function as described below.
To elucidate Sec biosynthesis in mammals, we initially examined the ability of tRNA[Ser]Sec, seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec, and O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec to bind to the recombinant mouse SecS (mSecS). The coprecipitated product was detected by Northern blotting (Figure 3A) and the amount of binding was quantitated (Figure 3B). O-Phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec bound more efficiently to mSecS than the other tRNA[Ser]Sec forms, while seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec bound least efficiently, suggesting that O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec may be a substrate for mSecS. It is not clear why tRNA[Ser]Sec binds to mSecS (see also [18]), albeit less efficiently than O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec. Seryl-tRNASer and tRNASer, however, did not manifest any binding to mSecS (unpublished data).
To assess whether the phosphate moiety on O-phosphoseryl-tRNA may be removed by mSecS to generate an intermediate that serves as an acceptor for the active selenium donor, the 32P-labeled form of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec was incubated with mSecS (Figure 3C). mSecS removed the phosphoryl moiety from O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec (see lane 2). Interestingly, SelA was also capable of dephosphorylating O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec (lane 3). Neither mSPS2-Cys [mouse selenophosphate synthetase 2 containing an Sec (UGA)-to-Cys (UGC) mutation] nor SelD appeared to have any effect on O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec (lanes 4 and 5). The dephosphorylation of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec by mSecS and SelA is further considered below. However, it should be noted that the data in Figure 3 strongly suggest that the dephosphorylated product is not seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec as the product binds efficiently to mSecS but seryl-tRNA does not (Figure 3B).
We next identified the active selenium donor by assessing whether mSPS1 and mSPS2-Cys synthesized SeP. 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis of the products of the mSPS2-Cys–catalyzed reaction manifested a signal at +23.2 ppm, albeit weakly (Figure 4A1), that corresponded to SeP [9,29]. Since the mSPS2 used in this experiment was a Sec-to-Cys mutant and might not be expected to generate SeP efficiently, we cloned SPS2 from Caenorhabditis elegans, which naturally contains Cys in place of Sec at the presumed active site of SPS2 [13]. C. elegans SPS2 clearly generated a signal at +23.2 ppm (Figure 4A2). As expected, SeP was also formed in the presence of E. coli SelD, selenide, and ATP (Figure 4A3) [9,29]. However, no signal at +23.2 ppm was observed when mSPS1 replaced mSPS2-Cys or SelD in the reaction, indicating that mSPS1 did not synthesize SeP (Figure 4A4).
As the peak at +23.2 ppm was relatively weak in the product analysis of mSPS2-Cys (Figure 4A1), the ordinate and abscissa of the area between 15 and 30 ppm were expanded as shown in Figure 4B. Clearly, there was a peak at +23.2 ppm corresponding to SeP, demonstrating that mSPS2-Cys produced SeP. The signal for SeP was also evident with C. elegans SPS2 and with SelD, but mSPS1 did not produce this signal.
To further examine the hydrolysis of ATP by mSPS2-Cys, C. elegans SPS2, SelD, and mSPS1, each component was incubated with [α-32P]ATP with and without selenide (Figure 4C). Hydrolysis of ATP to AMP was largely dependent on the presence of selenide with the three enzymes, mSPS2-Cys, C. elegans SPS2, and SelD, that produced SeP (see above), and all three hydrolyzed ATP to ADP independently of selenide. Although mSPS1 hydrolyzed ATP to ADP and apparently only slightly to AMP, this degradation was independent of selenium. These data provide further evidence that mSPS1 cannot synthesize SeP from selenide.
Previous studies analyzing Sec biosynthesis did not utilize SeP to assess whether this compound served directly as the active selenium donor. We therefore examined the ability of SeP to donate selenium directly in Sec biosynthesis. Sec was indeed synthesized when SeP [9,29] was added in the reaction with O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec and mSecS (Figure 5A). This observation confirms unequivocally that SeP is the active donor of selenium in Sec biosynthesis and that SecS is the missing SecS. Control assays demonstrated that Sec was not formed when SeP was omitted from the reaction, when seryl-tRNA was used in place of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec, or when another protein, thioredoxin (Trx), was substituted for mSecS in the reaction. As expected, a reaction consisting of SelA, seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec, and SeP also synthesized Sec (Figure 5A). O-Phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec could also serve as a substrate and replace seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec in reactions with SelA and SeP, thus using the dephosphorylated product as an acceptor for activated selenium to synthesize selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec.
Sec was also synthesized on tRNA[Ser]Sec when O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec was incubated with mSecS, mSPS2-Cys, ATP, and selenide (Figure 5B). Control reactions demonstrated that Sec was not formed when selenide was omitted from the reaction, when seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec was used in place of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec, or when Trx was substituted for mSecS (Figure 5B). SelA would substitute for mSecS when the substrate was seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec or O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec.
As expected, SelD could substitute for mSPS2-Cys in synthesizing SeP and generating similar amounts of Sec as mSPS2-Cys in reactions with mSecS (unpublished data), and those reactions in Figure 5B were dependent on ATP as well as selenide wherein Sec was generated (unpublished data).
Serine, alanine, and pyruvate were recovered from reactions with SelA using either seryl- or O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec as substrates, wherein alanine and pyruvate were likely the deacylated, degraded products of the intermediate, aminoacrylyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec [7] (Figures 5A and and5B).5B). In reactions with mSecS using O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec as substrate, only a small amount of phosphoserine and a peak that comigrated with pyruvate were recovered as deacylated products, suggesting that pyruvate was, similar to the bacterial case, the deacylated, degraded product of the intermediate in Sec biosynthesis in eukaryotes. However, the amount of pyruvate recovered in reactions that were coupled with SeP synthesis by selenophosphate synthetase was lower (Figure 5B) than in reactions in which SeP was supplied directly as substrate (Figure 5A). Use of HSe− in these reactions required the addition of high levels of dithiothreitol (DTT) which were inhibitory to Sec synthesis (unpublished data), and apparently the intermediate that formed pyruvate as a deacylated product was unstable under these conditions. The intermediates in reactions with SelA [7] and mSecS are further considered in Discussion.
We also examined the rate of Sec synthesis with O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec and SeP as substrates in the presence of mSecS (Figure 5C). As the substrate, O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec, was labeled with [3H]serine and the deacylated products, O-phosphoserine, Sec and the degraded intermediate, pyruvate, migrated separately in the chromatographic system used in Figure 5A; the amounts of each could be assessed during the course of the reaction. Dephosphorylation occurred rapidly and appeared to be near completion in about 10 min. Sec synthesis increased rapidly during the initial 10 min and then appeared to proceed more slowly until completion at about 40 min. The approximate initial rate was 0.28 pmol Sec/min/pmol mSecS. Likewise, the intermediate formed rapidly during the initial stages of the reaction and then decreased over the remainder of the experiment.
In this work, we defined the pathway of Sec biosynthesis in eukaryotes. In order to carry out Sec biosynthesis, we functionally characterized two previously known enzymes, selenophosphate synthetase [22,23,25] and O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase [20], as well as establishing the function of SLA [14] as the eukaryotic SecS. All these enzymes were found to be required for in vitro biosynthesis of Sec, and the implications of these findings are discussed below.
The active selenium donor in bacteria is SeP [9,29] and it is synthesized from selenide and ATP by selenophosphate synthetase, also known as SelD [7,30]. Two homologs of bacterial SelD, designated SPS1 and SPS2, are present in mammals [22–25]. Interestingly, SPS2 is a selenoprotein. Direct roles of SPS1 and SPS2 in mammals have not been tested, but it was suggested that SPS2 supports the use of selenite, whereas SPS1 depends on a selenium salvage system when examined in E. coli [27]. Our results clearly demonstrate that SPS2 makes the active selenium donor, SeP, for the biosynthesis of Sec.
We recently identified the gene that phosphorylates seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec and characterized the gene product, O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec [20]. However, the precise role of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec was not determined. The current results showed that O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec is the substrate of SecS, and therefore O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase is involved in the Sec biosynthesis pathway.
What is the intermediate produced by mSecS? Most certainly the dephosphorylated product of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec cannot be seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec (Figure 3A). The intermediate could possibly be aminoacrylyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec (dehydroalanyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec) which could yield pyruvate on hydrolysis. The facts that the intermediate generated by SelA is aminoacrylyl-tRNA[Ser}Sec and that mSecS contains pyridoxal phosphate suggest that the Schiff base intermediate of aminoacrylyl-tRNA[Ser}Sec postulated for Sec synthesis in prokaryotes [7] is analogous to that formed in eukaryotes. However, it proved possible to trap the proposed aminoacrylyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec by reduction with KBH4 leading to the formation of alanine on hydrolysis in the prokaryotic, but not eukaryotic, case. This result may be due to differences between the enzyme to which the aminoacrylyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec is bound; that is, reduction can occur before hydrolysis in the prokaryotic, but not eukaryotic, case. Nevertheless, identification of the intermediate in Sec biosynthesis in eukaryotes must await further study.
The biosynthesis of Sec in eukaryotes is shown in Figure 6. tRNA[Ser]Sec is aminoacylated by seryl-tRNA synthetase and the seryl moiety is phosphorylated by O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase to form O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec [20]. O-Phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec is a substrate for SecS which replaces the phosphoryl moiety of phosphoserine, derived from the selenium donor, SeP, to yield Sec. SeP is synthesized by SPS2 in the ATP-dependent reaction. SecS does not use seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec as a substrate (Figure 5A and and5B).5B). Although no enzyme comparable to O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase has been identified in E. coli, it is of interest to note that SelA can utilize O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec as a substrate. The major difference between the Sec biosynthetic pathway characterized herein and that in eubacteria is the extra step in the synthesis of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec which serves as a substrate for SecS. In E. coli, seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec serves directly as the substrate for SelA [7]. The occurrence of SecS exclusively in selenoprotein-containing organisms in eukaryotes and archaea (Tables 1 and and2)2) indicates that the SecS-based pathway also operates in other animals, lower eukaryotes, and archaea where the Sec machinery occurs [3]. Considering the difficulties with identification of other components of Sec biosynthesis and insertion machinery (e.g., SBP2, EFsec), SecS might become the most characteristic feature of the Sec trait in eukaryotes and archaea.
[α-32P]ATP and [γ-32P]ATP (specific activity, approximately 6,000 Ci/mmol) and Hybond N+ nylon membranes were purchased from Amersham (http://www.amersham.com), 3H-serine (specific activity, 29.5 Ci/mmol) and 14C-pyruvate (specific activity, 19 mCi/mM) were from Perkin Elmer (http://www.perkinelmer.com), Ni-NTA agarose was from Qiagen (http://www.stratagene.com), and pfu polymerase and pBluescript II were from Stratagene (http://www.stratagene.com). pET32b vector (encoding the 109–amino acid thioredoxin with a His-tag) and BL21(DE3) competent cells were obtained from Novagen (EMD Biosciences, http://www.emdbiosciences.com), alkaline phosphatase from New England Biolabs (http://www.neb.com), T7 RiboMAX Express Large Scale RNA Production System and 3M filter paper from Whatman (http://www.whatman.com), and unlabeled amino acids, PEI TLC plates, and selenocystine from Sigma (http://www.signaaldrich.com). [(CH3)3SiO]3PSe was chemically synthesized [31]. All other reagents were commercial products of the highest grade available.
A total of 50 completely or nearly completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes (Table S1) were analyzed for occurrence of selenoproteins by TBLASTN using the set of all known selenoproteins. Twenty-six organisms were found to contain selenoproteins and 24 organisms lacked these proteins. In organisms lacking selenoproteins, the Sec insertion machinery was also missing. To identify proteins with phylogenetic profiles corresponding to selenoproteins, annotated genes in D. melanogaster were used as a query dataset. BLAST homology analyses were used to scan genomic databases using the following criteria: E-value less than 1e−06 and length of the conserved region greater than 50 amino acids. Genes present in any of the organisms lacking selenoproteins were dismissed. The remaining genes were searched against selenoprotein-containing organisms to determine their occurrences. Top candidate genes were included in Table 1; they were present in 80% of selenoprotein-containing eukaryotes. These candidates were further manually analyzed for possible function.
A similar search strategy was carried out in archaea. A total of 27 archaeal genomes (Table S1), including three selenoprotein-containing organisms (M. jannaschii, M. maripaludis, and M. kandleri), were analyzed for gene occurrence using all annotated genes in M. jannaschii. Top candidate genes are included in Table 2; these proteins were present in all three selenoprotein-containing archaea and absent in other completed archaeal genomes. We used ClustalW to generate multiple sequence alignment. Phylogenetic trees were built with PHYLIP programs.
The coding regions of E. coli selA and selD, mouse secS, sps2, sps1, and C. elegans sps2 genes were amplified from BL21 genomic DNA or mouse liver cDNA or C. elegans total cDNA using pfu polymerase, respectively [20]. The resulting product was cloned into the pET32b vector at the NdeI-XhoI cloning sites in which the vector contained a His-tag immediately downstream of, and in frame with, the open reading frame. The Sec TGA codon in sps2 was mutated to a Cys TGC codon using a site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene), and the resulting gene product was designated mSPS2-Cys. The cDNA constructs were confirmed by sequencing and transformed into BL21(DE3) cells. Expression and purification of each protein were carried out as described [20]. For mSecS and SelA expression and purification, 1 nM PLP was added in the LB medium during expression and 5 μM PLP was added in the elution buffer during purification. The proteins were dialyzed against 1× TBS for 2 h and stored at −20 °C in 50% glycerol before use.
Native tRNA[Ser]Sec was purified and aminoacylated with serine and the seryl moiety phosphorylated as described [20]. Then 200 ng of purified mSecS containing a His-tag on its C-terminal was added in a total volume of 100 μl solution (20 mM Tris-HCl [pH 7.4], 0.01 mM EGTA, 1 mM DTT, 10 mM MgCl2, and 5 μg of yeast tRNA) and approximately 50 ng of purified tRNA[Ser]Sec (with either serine or phosphoserine attached, or no amino acid) added, and the reaction was incubated for 30 min at room temperature. Anti-His agarose (10 μl) was added to pull down mSecS. After washing three times with 1 ml of 1× TBS/0.1% Tween, the agarose was suspended in 40 μl of TBE-urea loading buffer (90 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8.3], 64.6 mM boric acid, 2.5 mM EDTA, 3.5 M urea), and 5 μl of each sample was loaded onto a 15% TBE-urea gel. After electrophoresis and transfer of the RNA to a nylon membrane, RNA was detected by Northern blotting with the Sec tRNA probe [20]. Of each binding reaction, 2 μl had been removed immediately after the incubation period and electrophoresed along with the reaction samples for analysis by Northern blotting that served as a loading control.
Native tRNA[Ser]Sec was aminoacylated with serine and phosphorylated with [γ-32P]ATP using O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase as described [20]. The 32P-labeled O-phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec was added to a 10-μl reaction mixture containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 20 mM DTT, 10 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2 and 1 μg of each purified protein. Reactions were carried out for 30 min at 37 °C. Following incubation, the tRNA was deacylated by adding an equal volume of 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and incubating at 37 °C for 45 min. Reactions were then spotted onto 3M paper (Whatman), placed in a TLC chamber, and chromatographed for 8 h using a mixture of butanol/acetic acid/water (12:3:5). The chromatogram was then exposed to a PhosphorImager screen.
ATP hydrolysis assays were carried out in a volume of 10 μl with 40 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 20 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 μCi of [α-32P]ATP, and 10 mM DTT and either with or without 0.25 mM selenide. After adding 0.3 mg/ml final concentration of each selenophosphate synthetase protein, reactions were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h under anaerobic conditions. Then 0.5 μl of each reaction was loaded onto PEI TLC plates, the plates were run in 0.8 M LiCl, and the developed TLC plates were exposed to a PhosphorImager screen. For NMR analysis, ATP hydrolysis reactions were carried out under anaerobic conditions in 3-mm NMR tubes in a total volume of 200 μl with 2 mM ATP instead of [α-32P]ATP. NMR tubes were sealed and incubated at 37 °C for 4 h prior to 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis [9].
Synthetic Sec tRNA was used in all biosynthetic reactions. Synthesis, purification, and aminoacylation of Sec tRNA were carried out as described [20]. All of the reactions were set up under anaerobic conditions before chromatographic analysis. For Sec biosynthesis, the selenium donor SeP was either generated from selenide by using mSPS2-Cys or hydrolyzed from chemically synthesized [(CH3)3SiO]3PSe [31]. For generating the selenium donor with mSPS2-Cys, a 10-μl reaction containing 50 mM NH4HCO3 (pH 7.6), 10 mM DTT, 2 mM MgCl2, 2 mM KCl, 2 mM ATP, and 2 μg of mSPS2-Cys with or without 1 mM selenide was preincubated at 37 °C for 1 h. The mSPS2-Cys reaction was added to 10 μl containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.0), 20 mM DTT, 10 mM MgCl2, 2 μM PLP, 1.0 μg of purified mSecS, and approximately 5 μg (about 30,000 cpm) of either O-phospho-[3H]seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec or [3H]seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec and, in a positive control reaction, SelA in place of mSecS, and in a negative control reaction, thioredoxin (with a His-tag) in place of mSecS. Reactions were incubated at 37 °C for 2 h and then heated at 75 °C for 5 min, aminoacyl-tRNAs were deacylated [20], and 1 μl of an unlabeled amino acid mix (containing 12.5 mM concentration each of serine, O-phosphoserine, Sec, and alanine in 50 mM of KBH4) was added. Each reaction, along with several control lanes containing unlabeled amino acids and 14C-pyruvate, was chromatographed on Whatman 3M filter paper (45 × 60 cm) in ethanol/acetic acid/water (12:3:5) for 16 to 20 h. Then 1.0-cm strips were cut out of the dried chromatogram and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. The locations of each amino acid were determined by staining the lanes with unlabeled amino acids in 0.3% ninhydrin in acetone or by cutting out 1.0-cm strips of lanes with 14C-pyruvate and counting in a liquid scintillation counter. For direct use of SeP as a selenium donor, reactions contained the same components as above except 1 mM SeP was used in place of mSPS2-Cys reaction solutions and DTT was omitted from the mSecS reactions, since we found that the activity of mSecS is higher without DTT. SeP was generated by hydrolysis of 20 mM chemically synthesized [(CH3)3SiO]3PSe [31]. Reactions were incubated and analyzed as above.
For measurement of the SecS synthesis rate, reactions were carried out in a total volume of 10 μl of 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.0), with 10 mM MgCl2, 10 mM KCl, 0.2 mM SeP, and 4 μg (approximately 120 pmol) of O-phospho-[3H]seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec. Reactions were initiated by adding 2 μg (approximately 35 pmol) of mSecS and were stopped at specific time points between 0 and 80 min by boiling for 2 min and then deacylating and counting as described above.
GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank) accession numbers for the sequences used in this paper are Homo sapiens (SecS_HS), Q9HD40; Mus musculus (SecS_MM), Q6P6M7; Drosophila melanogaster (SecS_DM), NP_649556; C. elegans (SecS_CE), Q18953; Methanococcus jannaschii (SecS_MJ), Q58027; Methanopyrus kandleri (SecS_MK), Q8TXK0. SelA sequences: Escherichia coli (SelA_EC), BAE77702; Geobacter sulfurreducens (SelA_GS), P61736. SelA-like sequences: Methanococcus jannaschii (SelA-like_MJ), Q57622; Methanopyrus kandleri (SelA-like_MK), AAM01835; E. coli selA, M64177; selD, M30184; mouse secS, AL049338; sps2, NM_009266; sps1, NM_175400; and C. elegans sps2, NM_070203. The numbers for other PLP-containing proteins are Methanococcus jannaschii Sep-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase (SepCysS_MJ), Q59072; Medicago truncatula Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase (COG1982_MT), ABE83138.1; Archaeoglobus fulgidus glutamate decarboxylase (COG0076_AF), O28275; and Thermococcus kodakarensis glycine/serine hydroxymethyltransferase (COG0112_TK), 05JF06.
Competing interests. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author contributions. XMX, BAC, VNG, and DLH conceived and designed the experiments. XMX, BAC, YZ, and KS performed the experiments. XMX, BAC, HM, YZ, RSG, MJB, VNG, and DLH analyzed the data. XMX, BAC, RSG, MJB, VNG, and DLH wrote the paper.
Funding. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, and Center for Cancer Research and by grants GM065204, GM061603, and CA080946 to VNG; grants DK47320 and DK52963 to MJB and grant CA-41108 (NIH Colon Cancer Prevention Program Project) to RSG.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Three Songs I Can't Wait to See Kenny Chesney Perform This Weekend!
If I had to choose three songs that I was most excited to see him perform it would be these.
If I had to choose three songs that I was most excited to see him perform it would be these.
Andrew Zimmern from the Bizarre Foods show has eaten just about everything from every culture. I love this guy! But eating cooked human meat...
This was a first for me, my friend said that he had brought Ice Cream camping and I was thinking, that's not the easiest to keep frozen. Then I found out it wasn't frozen at all.
Now you can Uber and Pokemon Go. They are now offering Pokemon Go Uber rides. Not sure this is a good thing. Isn't the point to exercise?
Another great weekend in Montana! This time I ventured out of town about 3 hours to go camping. It was a wet weekend as far as Saturday went but I still had a blast.
This weekend while out in the woods , with my buddy who works in the woods for a living, I learned how to make simple fire starter that is handy in many situations or needs. This is good to make on your next camping trip to have handy.
Every time Luke Bryan steps on stage, fans can expect an unforgettable moment. It could be his hot dance moves, it could be him bringing some adorable little girl on stage to sing or it could be him taking a three-foot step on a two-foot catwalk. The man is someone you can't take your eyes off of. Here are 10 reasons why.
Hundreds of cyclists celebrate opening of Bitterroot Trail from Hamilton to Missoula
It must have been pretty tough for the best man to hand the groom the ring while hanging upside-down.
Maybe any vehicle is a strange one for a naked getaway. I've never given it much thought.
Rob Natelson Weighs in on Comments by Ruth Bader GInsburg About Donald Trump
Bitterroot to Missoula Biking rail Completed


text: Hotel is located right across from Conesus Lake, and conveniently located close to Beach Park and less than 10 miles from SUNY Geneseo College. Hotel features an on site restaurant and lounge. Hotel is centrally located near many area restaurants and area attractions, along with several wineries. Letchworth State Park is just 20 miles away, and the city of Rochester is just 30 miles. 100.00 fee for guests smoking in guest rooms. Pet accommodations:20.00 USD per pet, per night. Pet limit: 2 pet per room up to maximum of 50 pounds.


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Sharpe's Prey (Sharpe Series #5)by Bernard Cornwell, Patrick Tull
View All Available Formats & Editions
He plans to leave the army, when the Honorable John Lavisser persuades him to join him on a secret mission to Copenhagen. Sharpe's missionto
The year is 1807 and Richard Sharpe's career in the British army seems to have come to a dead end. Following a victory in Sharpe's Trafalgar, he is loveless and destitute, relegated to the menial task of quartermaster.
He plans to leave the army, when the Honorable John Lavisser persuades him to join him on a secret mission to Copenhagen. Sharpe's missionto deliver a bribeis right up his alley, but when he arrives in Denmark he finds that his errand is much more serious. French agaents are everywhere and in the thick of enemy spies and fierce battle action, Richard Sharpe must once again prove his courage and determination.
About the Author:
Bernard Cornwell is the author of the acclaimed and bestselling Richard Sharpe series; The Nathaniel Starbuck Chronicles, set during the American Civil War; Stonehenge 2000 B.C.: A Novel, and, most recently, The Archer's Tale. He lives with his wife in Cape Cod, MA.
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9781402518645
- Publisher:
- Recorded Books, LLC
- Publication date:
- 01/01/2002
- Series:
- Sharpe Series, #5
- Edition description:
- Unabridged
Read an Excerpt
Chapter One
Captain Henry Willsen of His Majesty's Dirty Half Hundred, more formally the 50th Regiment of West Kent, parried his opponent's saber. He did it hurriedly. His right hand was low so that his saber's blade was raised in the position known to the fencing masters as the quarte basse and the knowledgeable spectators thought the parry was feeble. A surprised murmur sounded, for Willsen was good. Very good. He had been attacking, but it was apparent he had been slow to see his taller opponent's counter and now he was in disorganized retreat. The taller man pressed, swatting the quarte basse aside and lunging so that Willsen skittered backward, his slippers squeaking with a staccato judder on the wooden floor which was liberally scattered with French chalk. The very sound of the slippers on the chalked wood denoted panic. The sabers clashed harshly again, the taller man stamped forward, his blade flickering, clanging, reaching, and Willsen was countering in apparent desperation until, so fast that those watching could scarce follow his blade's quick movement, he stepped to one side and riposted at his opponent's cheek. There seemed little power in the riposte, for its force all came from Willsen's wrist rather than from his full arm, but the saber's edge still struck the taller man with such might that he lost his balance. He swayed, right arm flailing, and Willsen gently touched his weapon's point to his opponent's chest so that he toppled to the floor.
"Enough!" the Master-at-Arms called.
"God's teeth." The fallen man swept his blade at Willsen's ankles in a fit of pique. The blow was easily blocked and Willsen just walkedaway.
I said enough, my lord!" the Master-at-Arms shouted angrily.
"How the devil did you do that, Willsen?" Lord Marsden pulled off the padded leather helmet with its wire visor that had protected his face. I had you on your damned ass!"
Willsen, who had planned the whole passage of the fight from the moment he made a deliberately soft quarte basse, bowed. "Perhaps I was just fortunate, my lord?"
"Don't patronize me, man," Lord Marsden snapped as he climbed to his feet. "What was it?"
"Your disengagement from the sixte was slow, my lord."
"The devil it was," Lord Marsden growled. fie was proud of his ability with foil or saber, yet he knew Willsen had bested him easily by feigning a squeaking retreat. His lordship scowled, then realized he was being ungracious and so, tucking the saber under his arm, held out a hand. "You're quick, Willsen, damned quick."
The handful of spectators applauded the show of sportsmanship. They were in Horace Jackson's Hall of Arms, an establishment on London's Jermyn Street where wealthy men could learn the arts of pugilism, fencing and pistol shooting. The hall was a high bare room lined with racks of swords and sabers, smelling of tobacco and liniment, and decorated with prints of prize fighters, mastiffs and racehorses. The only women in the. place served drinks and food, or else worked in the small rooms above the hall where the beds were soft and the prices high.
Willsen pulled off his helmet and ran a hand through his long fair hair. He bowed to his beaten opponent, then carried both sabers to the weapon rack at the side of the hall where a tall, very thin and extraordinarily handsome captain in the red coat and blue facings of the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards was waiting. The guardsman, a stranger to Willsen, tossed away a half-smoked cigar as Willsen approached, "You fooled him," the Captain said cheerfully.
Willsen frowned at the stranger's impertinence, but he answered politely enough. Willsen, after all, was an employee in Horace Jackson's Hall and the Guards Captain, judging by the elegant cut of his expensive uniform, was a patron. The sort of patron, moreover, who could not wait to prove himself against the celebrated Henry Willsen. "I fooled him?" Willsen asked. "How?"
"The quarte basse," the guardsman said, "you made it soft, am I right?"
Willsen was impressed at the guardsman's acuity, but did not betray it. "Perhaps I was just fortunate?" he suggested. He was being modest, for he had the reputation of being the finest swordsman in the Dirty Half Hundred, probably in the whole army and maybe in the entire country, but he belittled his ability, just as he shrugged off those who reckoned he was the best pistol shot in Kent. A soldier, Willsen liked to say, should be a master of his arms and so he practiced assiduously and prayed that one day his skill would be useful in the service of his country. Until that time came he earned his captain's pay and, because that was not sufficient to support a wife, child and mess bill, he taught fencing and pistol-shooting in Horace Jackson's Hall of Arms. Jackson, an old pugilist with a mashed face, wanted Willsen to leave the army and join the establishment fulltime, but Willsen liked being a soldier. It gave him a position in British society. It might not be a high place, but it was honorable.
"There's no such thing as luck," the guardsman said, only now he spoke in Danish, "not when you're fighting."
Willsen had been turning away, but the change of language made him look back to the golden-haired Guards Captain. His first careless impression had been one of privileged youth, but he now saw that the guardsman was probably in his early thirties and had a cynical, knowing cast to his devil-may-care good looks. This was a man, Willsen thought, who would be at home in a palace or at a prizefight. A formidable man too, and one who was of peculiar importance to Willsen, who now offered the guardsman a half-bow. "You, sir," he said respectfully, "must be Major the Honorable John Lavisser...Sharpe's Prey. Copyright © by Bernard Cornwell. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Available now wherever books are sold.
Meet the Author
BERNARD CORNWELL is the author of the acclaimed New York Times bestselling Saxon Tales series, which includes The Last Kingdom, The Pale Horseman, Lords of the North, Sword Song, The Burning Land, Death of Kings, The Pagan Lord, and, most recently, The Empty Throne, and which serves as the basis for the BBC America series The Last Kingdom. He lives with his wife on Cape Cod and in Charleston, South Carolina.
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Splendid absolutely splendid, as I've grown accustome to expect from Master Cornwell
You feel the battle going on around you.
A nice change of pace for our loveable rogue. We get to see him righting some wrongs from his past in old blighty. Then we see him facing a foe that he is in a moral quandry about fighting. He is more spy than soldier and faces off against a very worthy female adversary. A very nice history lesson about a subject that I had never heard of. All in all, a superior entry into the sharpe chronicles!
When Bernard Cornwell wrote Sharpe¿s Rifles over two decades ago, it is obvious he did not intend to add novels before the peninsular campaign. Now there are four, with the most recent being Sharp¿s Prey, a story of the British 1807 bombardment of Copenhagen with Richard Sharp serving as a spy. The story starts off slowly, with an explanation of Sharpe¿s experiences between Sharpe¿s Trafalgar and the current novel, his financial difficulties, the horror of London in 1807, and the introduction of the prey. It is not until we get half way into the book that the traditional Sharp appears, the battleground Sharp, although for the most part the spy Sharp. There is even a love interest. Some of the supporting cast comes from Sharpe¿s Trafalgar, but most are unique to this effort¿and they are well drawn and interesting. Unfortunately, they must disappear, as the remaining history between Sharp¿s Prey and Sharpe¿s Rifles is Wellington in Portugal, most likely Cornwell¿s next Sharpe story. As always, Cornwell is a superb wordsmith. His descriptions of Copenhagen are real, and, from time to time, there are sentences that summarize a character¿that say all there is to say about the character in shorthand. My only complaint is Sharpe¿s nemesis is not as evil as others are in the series¿I can almost like and understand this one.


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Phil Twyford
|Phil Twyford
|Member of the New Zealand Parliament
for Labour Te Atatū
|Assumed office
|Personal details
|New Zealander
|Political party
Philip Stoner Twyford (born 4 May 1963), known as Phil Twyford, is a politician from New Zealand and a member of the Labour Party. He has been a member of parliament since 2008. He is the Labour Party MP for Te Atatū.
Early years[edit]
Twyford was born in 1963.[1] His middle name, Stoner, is the maiden name of his mother.[1][2] He is the founder director of Oxfam New Zealand.[3]
Member of Parliament[edit]
|Parliament of New Zealand
|Te Atatū
|2014 – present
|Te Atatū
Twyford stood for election in the North Shore electorate at the 2005 and 2008 elections. He placed second both times but in 2008 he was elected as a list MP.
Twyford was appointed Labour's spokesperson for Disarmament and Arms Control, Auckland Issues, and associate spokesperson for Foreign Affairs - Development Assistance by Labour leader Phil Goff.
In 2009, Twyford's Local Government (Protection of Auckland Assets) Amendment Bill was drawn from the member's ballot, but failed to pass its first reading.[4] Twyford promoted the bill because of concerns that the reorganisation of Auckland's local governance by National and Act into a "Supercity" unity was partially to allow the sell-off of public assets, a claim his opponents claimed was "scaremongering".[5] Twyford continues to be involved in the matter of Auckland's local government reorganisation, and is a Labour representative on the select committee on the associated Auckland Law Reform bill.[6]
In September 2010, his Depleted Uranium (Prohibition) Bill,[7] which would ban depleted uranium weapons and armour from New Zealand,[8][9] was drawn from the member's ballot.[10] It was debated in June 2012, and failed to advance on a tied vote.[11]
Twyford is currently Labour Spokesperson for Housing and Auckland Issues, and Associate Spokesperson for the Environment. He is also a member of the Transport and Industrial Relations Committee.[12]
Political views[edit]
In his maiden speech to Parliament, Twyford expressed support for a New Zealand republic.[13]
- ^ a b Gower, Patrick (14 January 2009). "New voices: Sam Lotu-Iiga, Phil Twyford and David Garrett". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "New Zealand Hansard - Members Sworn [Volume:651;Page:2]". New Zealand Parliament.
- ^ Roughan, John (9 October 2008). "A word with... Phil Twyford". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- ^ "Local Government (Protection of Auckland Assets) Amendment Bill". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
- ^ "Labour's Auckland Assets Bill Defeated In Parliament". Guide2.co.nz, with NZPA material. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
- ^ "Select Committee - Auckland Governance Legislation". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
- ^ John McSoriley, Local Government (Protection of Auckland Assets) Amendment Bill 2009, Bills Digest No 1972 Parliamentary Library, Wellington (Retrieved 23 December 2012)
- ^ "Kiwi MP submits Members Bill calling for depleted uranium ban". International Coalition to Ban Uranium Weapons. 2009-11-19. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
- ^ Phil Twyford (2009-11-18). "I can smell the (depleted) uranium on your breath". Red Alert. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
- ^ "Depleted Uranium (Prohibition) Bill". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
- ^ Kate Shuttleworth (2012-06-28). "Uranium weapons deal rejected after one MP down". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
- ^ New Zealand Parliament - Phil Twyford MP
- ^ "Head of State Referenda Bill — First Reading". Hansard. 21 April 2010.


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Mon., May 13, 2013 5:00am
Military: Robins Exercises Will Slow Traffic
Traffic could be slower than normal around Robins Air Force Base this week. The military says exercises are beginning Monday to test readiness and emergency response at the central Georgia installation. Officials will evaluate the base's response to natural and manmade threats.
Full Story
Wed., December 7, 2011 10:41am
Georgia Nets 'Mock' City
The property will become a mock city used for emergency field exercises.
Tue., November 22, 2011 3:47am
Perry Gets First Responder Training Center
A training center for first responders to disasters is planned for Perry. Officials say the facility will provide training for natural disasters and terrorist attacks and could be operating within nine months. It is expected to bring at least 100 jobs to the community.


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- Sewing Escape Retreats
ScrapBusters: Two-Handed Pot Holder
Today in our ScrapBusters Series, we're cooking up a great kitchen project. Hot pads are perfect for scraps because they are small, simple shapes that cry out for mixing and matching. We 'stretched' our possibilities by making a long, two-handed version. Kind of like those 'idiot mittens' you used to have as a kid; one mitten on the each end of a string running through the arms of your coat. However, we didn't think 'idiot hot pads' sounded very good. I don't know about you, but I always set down my pot holders on opposite sides of the kitchen so when I need both to pull something out of the oven or off the stove, I never seem to have two within reach. Problem solved, and a very pretty solution to boot!
ScrapBusters: Binky Leash and Bag
Summer seems like the prefect time to pull up some projects that will make the most of all those pretty pieces in your scrap bag, bin or box. This week's ScrapBusters Series brings you five great little-bit-o-fabric ideas, starting with today's perfect baby gift bundle of two binkys on their own little leashes and a matching drawstring carry bag. This project is at the very Tip-Top of the Cutie-Pie Ranking & Rave Scale. For those of you unfamiliar with the C.P.R.R.S., a project's ranking consists of the combined number and volume of "Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhs" generated at baby showers. It's an independent ranking, so don't even try to find it on Google.
Summer Fun: Outdoor Padded Roll-up Cushion
Around these parts, Summer is prime time for outdoor concerts. Seating for these events is usually just the grassy slopes of a natural amphitheater. You gotta bring something to sit on. A blanket is often too big and rather bulky to pack in. Instead, try this lightly padded, roll-up cushion in two great outdoor fabrics. It's filled with foam, which your bottom will like, and the outdoor fabric is weather and water resistant, which your white summer pants will like.
Sewing 101: How To Read A Fabric Bolt
When you walk into a fabric store, you'll notice that most fabric is wrapped around cardboard bolts that stand upright on shelves. What you may not notice is that at the end each bolt is a label that provides important information about the fabric. If you want 100% cotton, read the label so you don't accidentally come home with a poly-cotton blend. But, there's a lot more good information on that little label...
Travel Accessories: Fleece Lined Shoe Bag
Travel Accessories: Cosmetics & Toiletries Case
I love travel size toiletries. I think this may date back to my days of playing with Barbie® dolls and trolls. Everything was so little and cute. In fact, most things are more adorable in a mini size: people, puppies, muffins... and little bottles of shampoo, deodorant and lotion. Our Travel Tidy Cosmetics and Toiletries bag is the perfect size to fit all those tiny bottles and jars and more. We used one of the four lovely laminates from Anna Maria's Loulouthi collection as our inside fabric choice so if anything leaks, it can be quickly wiped clean and won't bleed through to the pretty exterior fabric.
Fun In The Sun: Terry Towel Coverup & Matching Beach Pillow
Back in the day, your 'beach towel' was simply a ratty bath towel that had seen better days and which Mom allowed you to drag outside. Today's beach towels are colorful terry cloth works of art in jumbo sizes. We used one to make our simple summer beach wrap. A clever cut allows you to make optimum use of the towel's bound edges, and leaves you the perfect scrap to create a matching pillow. To add a splash of summer fun, we braided three colors of polka dot knit to create the wrap's wonderful ties. It's all super quick to make, so you can be lounging by the shore in style before all the good spots are gone.
Travel Accessories: Satin Lined Sleep Mask
Project made from your scrap stash: gentle on your wallet. Soft padded mask lined with satin: gentle on the eyes. No slip headband to keep it in place: gentle to the hair. Blocking out the world while you travel: gentle to your soul. The pretty piping that curves around the entire edge of our sleep mask adds a special zing of style, but does also make this a slightly more intermediate project. You could leave out this step to make it faster and easier.