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I have been spending some time lately with the Michael A. Lofaro Edition of James Agee's novel A Death in the Family. The Lofaro was published earlier this year by The University of Tennessee Press, and is one of the most interesting scholarly editions of a work of fiction that I can recall. Lofaro is a professor of American literature and American and cultural studies at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville; his edition carries the subtitle "A Restoration of the Author's Text," which fairly describes its purpose.
Agee died before his novel could be published and editor/publisher David McDowell took charge over the book. As the novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the book has become a modern classic, one might suppose that an argument over its editor's acumen would be moot. After all, wrote McDowell in a note to the reader, he did so little:
This novel, upon which [Agee] had been working for many years, is presented here exactly as he wrote it. There has been no re-writing, and nothing has been eliminated except for a few cases of first-draft material which he later re-worked at greater length, and one section of seven odd pages which the editors were unable satisfactorily to fit into the body of the novel…. The title, like all the rest of the book, is James Agee's own.
Yet we learn from the 226 pages of back-matter that accompany this new edition that McDowell exaggerated his restraint. "The title," Lofaro writes on the first page of his commentary and notes, "is most likely one created by David McDowell. No evidence has yet been uncovered that would help determine Agee's intent regarding the title of the novel. He most often referred to it as 'the book.'"
I have no familiarity with Agee's papers, and would not question the veracity of Lofaro's counter-claim. (Though anyone who has done some digging through the linear feet of the literary archives of a late writer knows too well that while such troves do indeed offer the answers to burning questions, they often contain multiple, incompatible answers to those questions.) My only grumble with Lofaro is that we have to reach the 213th page of his scrupulous iteration of variants before we find a rather astonishing table:
|A Structural Comparison of the Restored and the McDowell Editions
|Restored Edition
|McDowell Edition
|Chapter I
|Earlier draft version used as first part of italicized flashback
|Chapter 2
|Earlier draft version used as second part of italicized flashback
|Chapter 3
|Earlier draft version used as third part of italicized flashback
|Chapter 4
|Used as italicized flashback
|Chapter 5
And so on…
|Chapter 21
|Chapter 3
|Chapter 22
|Chapter 4
|Chapter 23
|Chapter 24
|Chapter 6
And so on, through the end…
|Chapter 43
|Used as the second part of Chapter 19
|Chapter 44
|Used as the first part of Chapter 20, but McDowell never corrects the prayers mistakenly submitted to him by Father Flye
|Chapter 45
|Used as the second part of Chapter 20
The mind reels. From this simple table we learn that more than ten of Agee's original chapters were deleted, a brute fact incompatible with McDowell's claim that only "seven odd pages" of Agee's manuscript were cut. Readers of this magazine read four of those cut chapters last year, and they seem like anything but what one might call "first-draft material."
It would be time wasted to debate the disingenuousness of McDowell's "A note on this book." But we should still ask: to what end were McDowell's editorial acrobatics? That is the larger question that the Lofaro edition asks, and it's a useful question, particularly when not a few writers find themselves in the position of having their novels edited desultorily. Over the years a number of younger writers have confessed to me their frustration at seeing their manuscripts tidied but barely touched before flowing into type (just as any number of readers have asked, "Is anyone editing these things?"). Novels need good editors, editors of taste and vision, to reckon with the imperfections that the novel, in seeking its perfections, generates. The list of books that have been shaped by editors as much as their writers is long and interesting; the invocation of the name Max Perkins serves as flag and totem to the cause.
In the case of Agee's novel, we readers and amateurs of literature have a rare chance, if it suits us, to see just what an editor does or can do. And specifically, if one were to read the Lofaro Agee first and the McDowell Agee second a reader would be able to judge firsthand not just what, but how well, Agee's editor really did do, after all.
More from Wyatt Mason:
Conversation — October 2, 2015, 8:26 am
"By committing to the great emotional extremes demanded by Greek tragedy," says Bryan Doerries, author of The Theater of War, "the actors are in effect saying to the audience: 'If you want to match our emotional intensity, that would be fine.'"
From the October 2014 issue
From the February 2010 issue
In Havana, the past year has been marked by a parade of bold-faced names from the north — John Kerry reopening the United States Embassy; Andrew Cuomo bringing a delegation of American business leaders; celebrities ranging from Joe Torre, traveling on behalf of Major League Baseball to oversee an exhibition game between the Tampa Bay Rays and the Cuban national team, to Jimmy Buffett, said to be considering opening one of his Margaritaville restaurants there. All this culminated with a three-day trip in March by Barack Obama, the first American president to visit Cuba since Calvin Coolidge in 1928. But to those who know the city well, perhaps nothing said as much about the transformation of political relations between the United States and Cuba that began in December 2014 as a concert in the Tribuna Antiimperialista.
Estimated temperature of Hell, according to two Spanish physicists ' interpretation of the Bible:
Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago (Santiago, Spain)
The ecosystems around Chernobyl, Ukraine, are now healthier than they were before the nuclear disaster, though radiation levels are still too high for human habitation.
A TSA agent in Seattle was arrested for taking up-skirt photos of women in the airport, a Maryland police officer was arrested for taking up-skirt photos of an off-duty colleague, and the Georgia Court of Appeals ruled that taking up-skirt photos is legal in the state.
Subscribe to the Weekly Review newsletter. Don't worry, we won't sell your email address!
"Matt was happy enough to sustain himself on the detritus of a world he saw as careening toward self-destruction, and equally happy to scam a government he despised. 'I'm glad everyone's so wasteful,' he told me. 'It supports my lifestyle.'"


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World Map Finder, Map of La Unión. The best web resource for Map of La Unión. World Map Finder - helping you find your way.
La Unión
It is the capital city of the Department of its same name. It is the largest city in the department also with a population of almost 26,739 inhabitants. On January 16, 2005 the government of El Salvador started building a new port, in order to replace the old one. It will be able to hold more than double the cargo held by the current principal port of El Salvador at Acajutla.
The new port will be finished by November 2008. It will help to increase the growth in this side of the country. One half of the growth is located at the country's capital San Salvador, but a lot of commerce is also transferred to the nearer San Miguel, being also the largest city.

subset: commoncrawl


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Germany joins US in blaming Assad for attack
BERLIN (AP) — Germany has joined the United States and ten other members of the Group of 20 biggest economies in blaming the Syrian government for a chemical attack against civilians last month.
Germany had been the only European member of the G-20 not to co-sign a joint statement issued Friday at the end of the G20 meeting in St. Petersburg, Russia.
The statement calls for a strong international response against the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad but stops short of explicitly calling for military action against the Syrian government.
German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said Saturday in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius that Germany wanted to wait for European Union foreign ministers to agree on a common position before backing the statement.
Saving for the future
sponsored According to two 2015 surveys, 62 percent of Americans do not have enough savings to handle an unexpected emergency, much less any long-term plans.


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- Miss Florida 2017 stripped of crown days after win - US Weekly
- Lindsay Lohan steps out amid relationship drama - TMZ
- Was Taylor Swift snubbed by the VMAs? - Gossip Cop
- Rachel Platten sings "Fight Song" with lots of stars - Just Jared Jr
- Farrah Abraham sizzles in a revealing bikini - Radar
- New pics from the Clooneys' Italian summer - Lainey Gossip
- Fox News snubs major DNC moment - The Hollywood Reporter
01 August 2013 at 1:38 AM
Sophia Bush Hosts Do Something Awards in Different Dresses!
About this photo set: Sophia Bush is a bright yellow bombshell while speaking onstage at the 2013 Do Something Awards at Avalon on Wednesday (July 31) in Hollywood. The 31-year-old… Read More Here
Photo #: 2921257
Posted to 2013 Do Something Awards, Sophia Bush
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Rating the Big 12 expansion candidates' Twitter statements
Some schools show excitement, some play it casual, and some are simply hoping to be taken seriuously.
Some schools show excitement, some play it casual, and some are simply hoping to be taken seriuously.
Camp starts on Monday... twitter.com/coachcroninuc/…
Beat the heat & come inside to 5/3 Arena. Kids camp starts tomorrow! Sign up from 8-9 at the door or mickcroninbasketballcamps.com
The Basketball Tournament continues today with plenty of familiar faces from Colorado, Utah, Marquette, Bradley, Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. Games are on ESPN2 and ESPNU.
The first of four spots in the semifinals will be decided between The Untouchables (Brad Wanamaker and many Pittsburgh alumni) and City of Gods (DerMarr Johnson and college players from the D.C. area). Live on ESPN2/WatchESPN
Team FOE has strong ties to Kansas with booster Thomas Robinson, GM Markieff Morris and coach Marcus Morris. Tyshawn Taylor runs the backcourt. The KU alums face former Cincinnati stars James White and DerMarr Johnson. Live on ESPN3
The Big 12 is on the hunt for new members. There are legitimate contenders, such as BYU and Cincinnati, and there are hopefuls, wild cards and even a potential Power 5 defector.
With the game on the line, some players are better suited than others to have the ball in their hands. Each top-25 team has a player who should have the rock in the game's final seconds.
The Big 12 Conference announced on Tuesday that it will begin the process of reviewing expansion candidates. Multiple American Athletic Conference schools, along with BYU and Colorado State, have expressed interest in joining the conference so far. Expansion details
Former stars Marshall Henderson and Mike Bibby join alums from Syracuse, Kansas, Indiana, Marquette, Gonzaga, Florida, Cincinnati and more in the Super 16 field of The Basketball Tournament.
The former Bearcats star, drafted sixth overall by the Atlanta Hawks in 2000, scored 29 points as the City of Gods team, named for a Baltimore clothing store, advanced in The Basketball Tournament on Saturday morning with a 99-85 win over the Dubois Dream. The winning team in the Aug. 2 final receives $2 million. Tourney bracket
Most coaches are basketball lifers, but they have other interests, too. If the heads of each top 25 college basketball program weren't coaching, which lines of work would they pursue?
Some potential scheduling for early-season tournaments: Coaches have confirmed the Hall of Fame matchups Nov. 19-20 at the Mohegan Sun: Duke-Penn State, Cincinnati-URI; CBE Nov. 21-22 in Kansas City with Kansas-UAB, GW-Georgia; The Legends Classic isn't official yet but at least one coach expects it to be Notre Dame-Colorado, Texas-Northwestern Nov. 21-22 in Brooklyn; The 2K Classic in NYC hasn't been announced yet either but the matchups being discussed most were Marquette-Michigan, SMU-Pitt for the Nov. 17-18 games at MSG; The Men Who Speak Up Main Event in Las Vegas Nov. 21-23 has found its fourth team as Saint Louis coach Travis Ford confirmed the Billikens replaced Minnesota to join BYU, Alabama and Valparaiso. The matchups aren't available yet. And Maui Invitational organizer Dave Odom said the Maui bracket will be announced on July 19.
Memphis lured Tubby Smith away from Texas Tech, but will it be his last job? Can SMU's Tim Jankovich maintain momentum without Larry Brown? We rank the stability of all 11 AAC coaching jobs.
College basketball coaches across the country will hit the recruiting trail hard in July to target the Class of 2017's top prospects. Which players are the nation's top programs targeting?
Recap of which high-profile coaches saw which high-profile players on the Peach Jam's second day.
Some players just understand the game, see the floor better. One day you might see these guys pacing the sidelines instead of running the floor. Here are the future coaches on every top 25 team.
North Carolina coach Roy Williams is taking a page out of Willie Nelson's book. Kentucky's unapologetic program channeling Beyoncé? There's a song out there for every top-25 team.
The 2016 NBA draft is just one day away, but it's not too soon to identify future prospects. The next crop of NBA All-Stars will be playing college hoops next season for the nation's top teams.
The appetite for the next reality TV show seems to keep growing. So each top-25 college basketball team must have a candidate for that future show's star. Who's yours?
Freshmen can change the shape of nearly every top-25 college basketball roster, and next season's group is no different. Each top-25 team has a new player to get familiar with.
Cincinnati is known for being one of the toughest defensive teams in the country, but the Bearcats are focusing on the offensive end in 2017.
Mick Cronin has another squad that's physical and willing to do the dirty work at both ends to win. Expect Troy Caupain and Gary Clark to lead the Bearcats to another standout season. Revised Way-Too-Early Top 25
Duke and Cincinnati, 2016 NCAA tournament teams, highlight the eight-team field for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Tip-Off Tournament.
Northeast Conference Player of the Year Cane Broome has transferred to Cincinnati. He will have two seasons of eligibility with the Bearcats beginning in 2017-18.
|Trevor Moore
|Final Fours
|Tournament Record
|Championship Seasons
|1961, 1962
|Tournament Appearances


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Taken March 7/09 on a gorgeous day in Rome, Italy.
The Spanish Steps (Italian: Scalinata della Trinità dei Monti) are a set of steps in Rome, Italy, climbing a steep slope between the Piazza di Spagna at the base and Piazza Trinità dei Monti, dominated by the church of Trinità dei Monti. The Scalinata is the longest and widest staircase in Europe.
In the Piazza at the base is the Early Baroque fountain called Fontana della Barcaccia ("Fountain of the Old Boat"), built in 1627-29 and often credited to Pietro Bernini, father of a more famous son, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who is recently said to have collaborated on the decoration. The elder Bernini had been the pope's architect for the Acqua Vergine, since 1623. According to an unlikely legend, Pope Urban VIII had the fountain installed after he had been impressed by a boat brought here by a flood of the Tiber river.


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Skip to comments.UC Santa Barbara guide urges return to student radicalism
Posted on 10/10/2005 7:51:26 AM PDT by SmithL
SANTA BARBARA, Calif. - Leftist leaders at the University of California, Santa Barbara have begun distributing a profanity-sprinkled "Disorientation Guide" that calls for a return to the activist spirit of the 1960s.
The guide, which came out last week, features interviews with the college's "most politically active" professors, a directory of local liberal organizations and commentaries on subjects including feminism, corporate media, proper "queer" terminology and the value of blogs.
It also chronicles the history of UCSB activism, including the infamous 1970 burning of the Bank of America in Isla Vista.
"A lot of people have passion for certain issues, but never direct it to work on campus because UCSB has this reputation for being apathetic," said Tanya Paperny, one of eight current and former students who created the guide.
Critics lament its use of raw language and suggest it's inappropriate for some professors to help pay for printing costs.
Will Parrish, a former University of California, Santa Cruz student who brought the guide idea to Santa Barbara, defended the language.
"One of the things we were trying to do is appeal to students in a way that they don't think we're part of the establishment, or what we're doing is watered down in any way," he said.
Sociology professor Dick Flacks, who contributed to the guide, said he can donate what he wants when he wants.
Other colleges that have similar print or electronic guides include the University of California campuses at Santa Cruz and Berkeley as well as Stanford, Columbia and the University of Texas at Austin.
On the Net: http://www.sbdisorientation.org
Information from: Santa Barbara News-Press, http://www.newspress.com
Somehow, someway the universities have got to be cleansed, they are cesspools of hatred and anti-Americanism.
Isn't that the home of the fighting Banana Slugs?
I'm not really worried. Students/youth have a natural urge to rebel against authority. What the left doesn't understand is that at universities, the left is the "authority" that students will rebel against. Stuff like this literature will only make it worse for them.
Nope - you're thinking UC Santa Cruz (or, as the locals put it, "Uncle Charlie's Summer Camp").
Memo to freakjobs: the '60's are over.
How nostalgic...60s radicalism. And yet, like Frankenstein's monster or even Freddy Krueger, it refuses to die. Some children will be poisened, wasting decades of their lives in the freaky violent underground.
Being a college professor means never having to admit you were wrong.
Don't be angry (or envious) with the kids at UCSB just because they can surf Campus Point in the am before classes. I sure did - and managed to get a good education by hitting the library in the evenings.
Except for "Incense and Peppermints."
Really dug your gun range post, however. Seems like you're making a difference. Of course, a California republican is about as much a charicature as a California democrat, I might think. (visions of parolees with chips under the omnipresence of the goverment satellite tracking...)
Yep, I'm a UCSB grad. There was always the potential for distractions, but I managed to stay focused.
I attended the graduation of a friend's daughter there some years back and it was like being at a Communist Party rally. The young lady in question, whose parents are fine conservatives, was totally radicalized by her professors and peers and still spouts Marxist dogma. She's smart and will eventually figure things out, but what a waste! She's a reliable Rat vote for the next 10 years or so.
As in any competitive institution you HAVE to stay focused of your studies at UCSB or you will end up somewhere else. Many don't understand that the difference at UCSB is that you can go from work to fun quickly there (since the campus is on a beach), rather than spending time travelling to go do what all undergrads do - play a bit from time to time.
Sorry to hear about your friend's daughter - but that can happen anywhere. I do know that there are conservatives on campus and they are not holding their fire. The UCSB GOP club is hosting Ben Stein at a lecture this Thursday night. That ought to shake things up a tad!
Nope. The banana slugs are found much further north, in the Santa Cruz area.
Get more students to attend conversative colleges and universities.
I was there as a grad student, but there were 10 or so grad students in the program when I got there who had been there already as long as 10 years when I got there!!
Burning bank buildings, drinking and sex parties. One out of three.
Great news -- and a change from when I was there.
Take a look at http://www.sixteenseven.com/ucsbgop/.
Ping to 26!
Ventura and Santa Barbara County Ping!
(Let me know if you want on/off this list)
It's a work in progress, but we ARE making inroads. Heh. The kids are great and it is very rewarding to spend some time with them. I ran into one young friend of mine at the shoot who is in ROTC and spent his summer getting his jump wings at airborne school. Danny is a very serious young man and I count it a pleasure to know him. He had to leave early because he had color guard duty at the UCSB Men's soccer game that evening. Conservatives are there at UCSB and making a difference. Say a prayer for Danny sometime. He is likely going to Iraq when he graduates this year.
Great picture - thanks.
Yes it can, but I wish you'd been at that "graduation ceremony." It could have been taken from the Red Chinese sequence in the movie "The Red Violin." I'm glad to hear there are now some active conservatives on campus.
That graduation was what woke me up as a conservative and convinced me quiet disapproval wasn't going to do the job. It would take money -- mine! -- and as much political effort as I could put into stemming the stealthy subversion that's radicalized American campuses since the 1960s.
"It would take money -- mine! -- and as much political effort as I could put into stemming the stealthy subversion." I couldn't agree more. Conservatives can either send that check in to the Alumni Association for more of the same BS, OR they can get involved, and support on-campus conservatives directly. Campus conservative/Republican clubs can do a lot and working with the college kids is rewarding in and of itself.
An astute observation. You're very right.
I am one of the "hippie generation" who went to a "hippie" college in a "hippie" city. As a matter of fact, I was a hippie myself. (I got better.)
Over the years, as my hair got shorter and grayer, I have grown more and more impressed and pleased by the high levels of courtesy, respect and genuine politeness shown by my younger associates. They're a better group than my cohort was.
The only exceptions known to me are what Cartman called the "College Know-It-All Hippies." But I know from experience that most of these are losers who will spend the rest of their lives in dead-end jobs and locations provided they don't straighten up.
When one or two these leftist professors get snagged by some long arm there will be much wailing and gnashing of teeth.
But the others may get the message and shut up.
I also donate to organizations that stand up for ALL free speech on campus -- and sue universities that think only liberals have the right to speak up or have "special rights." One such is F.I.R.E. as well as David Horowitz's efforts toward an academic bill of rights.
F.I.R.E. recently took on "Cow" Poly at San Luis Obispo over a student's right to post material on a campus bulletin board and forced the administration to backtrack from a very unfair Leftist ruling.
Thanks for what you do. Organizations like FIRE do make a difference. Turns out I also have a degree from Cal Poly (SLO). I certainly sent President Baker a pointed note, rather than my usual check to the Alumni Association over the harrassment of Steve Hinkle. Glad Poly figured out that the First Amendment applies to them. Too bad it took so long. Poly is generally noted as a more conservative campus than UCSB, but they have some of the same leftist disease that infects most colleges and universities.
Me too. I was there in '78 & '79 and, even though the school still seemed stuck in a 60's time warp, the education was rigorous and the quarter system was pretty unforgiving.
I do remember that every quarter a new set of BMW's, complete with surfboards on the roof, would come into Isla Vista and I'd wonder just how long this new group would last.
The last time I visited UCSB was in the late 80's and it seemed to have changed a great deal. Entrance requirements had been significantly increased and many of the students I spoke with said the school was much more conservative than in years past. Del Playa was still the place to go on Saturday night but much of the party school image had been lost. IIRC, the Bank of America had been turned into a bar?!!
Gaucho ping (class of '90)
G-r-e-a-t.... they can create more little Joe Wilsons. Just what we need.
Now I'm getting nostalgic. I didn't see their canned presentation but I do remember being force fed a film called Don't Bank on America in some required social studies class. It romanticized the burning of the bank and martyred that poor kid who was shot and killed then.
I loved living there and had more fun than I should have. I spent a lot of time surfing, chasing skirts and playing on Del Playa. It's a wonder I was able to keep up with academics. UCSB, during those times, offered way too many temptations. I, still to this day, try and explain what Halloween was like in Isla Vista back then. Words never seem to paint an accurate picture of what went on there. Luckily, I have some photo's and articles from the Daily Nexus to help explain.
I left in early '80 and transferred to Berkeley. Big mistake. After two quarters there, I transfered again. This time to Cal Poly Pomona--as in where the hell is. This was a good move. Nothing to do in Pomona other than school work. The 60's never happened there and I was glad to be in a more conservative setting after my previous choices.
Always wanted to stay in SB, but the poor job market and housing costs were too much. Unbelievable what's happened there since. I hear the median price for a home is something like $1.6 million now. I do miss going to Fiesta and the Summer Solstice - if they still hold it.
I wonder if that guy who talked to flies still hangs out in the I.V. park? LOL
Do you remember the tunnel?
The Banal Beached out Bleached out Blonde's of UCSB
How well I know! I used to live in the SLO area with two Cal Poly English professors as neighbors. Both would have aced the KGB entry exam without cracking a book.
Parents should tell junior and sis, I'm not paying for schools that are anti-American and anti-capitalist. I'm not paying tuition for Colorado (Ward Churchill) or Columbia (anti-Semitism) etc. etc. etc...... The education business would eventually meet consumer demand.
Federal subsidies to universities and colleges should be completely eliminated. Let the education business compete for students without Federal government help. Congress, of course, is not likely to cut welfare payments to higher education, unless voters get busy and rattle the politicians'cages.
Great picture! Do you go to the UCSB GOP meetings regularly? Let me know the next time you are going and I'll try to meet you there. I'm a UCSB alumnus as well and a member of their club.
My mom is a Cal Poly graduate and my family lived in SLO in 1969-70 when she finished up her masters degree. It was Cowboys vs. Hippies on campus at Poly then (and the Cowboys had the numbers then). Not now apparently.
We should get together and go to the meeting sometime. Regular Meetings are Tuesdays in Girvetz 1116 at 8:00pm.
SPECIAL NOTE to you Freepers who are local to the SB Ventura area - the UCSB Republicans have scheduled Ben Stein Thursday, October 13, 2005 in Corwin Pavillion at 8 pm. Ben Stein will be speaking on the hot seat issue of military recruiting and patriotism.
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The Rocky® Timberwolf 800 insulated field boot gives you dependable outdoor protection with a full-grain leather and nylon upper and a GORE-TEX® waterproof-breathable membrane. It comes equipped with a football cleat-inspired, exclusive Rocky Vibram® Pro Hunter outsole for exceptional traction, and 800 grams of Thinsulate™ Ultra Insulation to ensure warmth in any climate.
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- Waterproof and breathable GORE-TEX® fabric
- 800 grams of Thinsulate Ultra insulation for warmth
- Dual-density lightweight exclusive Vibram® Pro Hunter cleated outsole for optimal traction
- Style: RKYO005
- Rocky
Country of Origin: Dominican RepublicWeb ID: 22314016
Customer Reviews:
Rated 2.8 out of 5�by 48 reviewers.
Rated 1 out of 5�by sampy Not what I expected I bought these boots around the first of the year but didn't get a chance to wear them until the middle of February. I read the reviews after I bought them and wasn't very happy with what I read. I have owned several pair of Rocky boots in the past and have been more than pleased with them so I figured there's no way these boots could be rated so poorly. Well I guess the poor reviews were correct. They weren't comfortable at all the first four or five times I wore them so I didn't leave them on long. In April turkey season was getting ready to start so I got my Rocky timber wolf boots out and decided I'd bought them for hunting so I might as well wear them. I walked about 300 yards from my house to the timber on my farm I was going to hunt and noticed the boots started to seem really loose but my laces were still tied. I then noticed both boots had come apart at the seam in the back above my heel. I was kinda hoping to wear these more than a half a dozen times. Guess not. April 29, 2016
Rated 5 out of 5�by bobsled Great Boots I've had these boots for 3 years. Have used them for pheasant hunting, deer hunting, turkey hunting and hiking difficult terrain. They are grippy, warm, light and sturdy. Haven't experienced any problems with them. The soles are starting to wear down now because of use and soon I'll be buying another pair. April 6, 2016
Rated 5 out of 5�by BoyWonder Excellent Product received in a timely manner and no defects March 22, 2016
Rated 1 out of 5�by Canoer93 Horrible boots Only had them for 2 months. The back rubber has torn now. I'm gonna try and get my money back. Warranty should be good for a year. March 17, 2016
Rated 1 out of 5�by Ropeguru Garbage boots... I would give negative stars if I could. As others have posted, the line along the back of the boot where the rubber meets the fabric is completely splitting. Doesn't appear to be a stitch issue but a poor quality rubber. I contacted the Rocky and they would not help as these boots are made specifically for Dick's. Boo to Dick's and I will not be buying your products any longer!!! March 5, 2016
Rated 1 out of 5�by rocko do not buy seam rips from boot. lasted one month will return. February 18, 2016
Rated 3 out of 5�by Hunter55 Just Ok This is the second pair of these boots that I've owened. The fit and feel are really good however both pairs I've had the back of the boot where the rubber meets the leather have broke out way before the boots where worn out. February 14, 2016
Rated 1 out of 5�by marc FALL APART!!!!!! This boot has got to be the worst boot ever! I purchased these boots in Oct 2015 for a hunting trip. Here it is January and since I dont have the receipt I cant take them back. They are horrible, the quality is cheap. Had I went to Walmart the boot would have at least lasted me a year. February 5, 2016
Rated 1 out of 5�by Boo Poor Quality Boot! I owned the a pair of Rocky Timberwolf boots for 6 years. The sole is the only thing that ever wore out. Probably the best pair of boots I will ever own. Got the new version of the same boot and within 3 weeks the middle part of the back of the boot started separating at the leather. Poorly made. I should have read the reviews for these boots before purchasing. Rocky boots are not what they used to be. Just purchased another brand with 1000g of thinsulate. So far a great boot. I'll never buy Rockys again! February 4, 2016
Rated 1 out of 5�by BigRay Fell Apart QUICK! Bought a pair of these on Black Friday for half off. After only 5 days of use noticed the black heel patch had ripped right across the top on left boot. Returned with no issues for another pair that weekend. Exact same issue in exact same timeframe only this time both boots tore. Total junk. Lots of other reviews stating same problem. Stay away!! Should have learned my lesson 2 years ago when I purchased similar Rocky insulated boots for winter wear and the whole strip with the hooks tore off one side of boot. No more Rocky boots for me....ever. February 2, 2016


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AIO Pro v1.1 gimble programming
Hi guys I have a flamewheel clone with AIO pro v1.1 controller and gps. Its running, I believe, the Mega Pirate software. I have the mission planner on my pc and have manage to successfully connect to the pc etc. All the Alt/ Pos hold is working great and flying is no problem. Despite one crash I am immensly enjoying this aspect of the hobby and want to use the quad as an airial photography platform with my GoPro.
I have recently added a camera gimble and legs to the quad and currently have a 6 ch RX with the gimble servos plugged into the control board but not working. I do have an 8 ch RX that I could use if necessary.
My questions revolve around the capability and the setup of the AIO pro with regards to controlling the gimble. i bought the quad ready built and set up and am at a loss as to where to start.
Q1. Can the AIOPro provide compensation for tilt/ roll to the camera while still allowing for control of where the camera is pointing from the TX? Basically I'd like to use the flap switch to give me a straight ahead, 45* and straight down setting while the board provides compensation for flight movements. I see no reason to have any control of the gimble in roll and so would just want flight control compensation.
Q2. Can someone point me in the right direction for setting this up? Do I need to use the 8ch Rx? Is there a tutorial or could someone walk me through the steps?
Q3. Should I be wary of using the Wifi capability of the GoPro to send previews back to an ipad for filming? Wifi uses 2.4ghz right? Is interferance going to be an issue?
Sorry its quite an involved and long winded but your help is greatly appreciated.
Sorry, I can't help much with your Q1, but I would suggest that you will probably also want a limited amount of manual control in roll. I have a Y6 with KK2 board and find that when hovering in anything other than a direct headwind, the whole copter is tilted into wind, as is the gimbal. I find that I need to level it with the radio as best I can, there's Photoshop for the rest!
As for your Q3, I'd suggest a full range check before flying will give you your answer.
Actually that a great point about hovering in a cros wind, hadnt thought of that so it looks like I need that too! Thanks
As for the range check - yeah will do that, I think I'll also check with turning on the wifi first as well as turning on after connecting the TX and RX. Not sure if it'll make a difference but might as well do it both ways just in case.
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Citation: Morris CE, Bardin M, Kinkel LL, Moury B, Nicot PC, Sands DC (2009) Expanding the Paradigms of Plant Pathogen Life History and Evolution of Parasitic Fitness beyond Agricultural Boundaries. PLoS Pathog 5(12): e1000693. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000693
Editor: Glenn F. Rall, The Fox Chase Cancer Center, United States of America
Published: December 24, 2009
Copyright: © 2009 Morris et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: We acknowledge the USDA Microbial Observatories grant 2006-35319-17445 for support to LLK and support from INRA's Department "Santé des Plantes et Environnement" to CEM, MB and PCN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
How do pathogens, whether they parasitize plants or animals, acquire virulence to new hosts and resistance to the arms we deploy to control disease? The significance of these questions for microbiology and for society at large can be illustrated by the recent worldwide efforts to track and limit the emergence of human transmissible strains of swine and avian influenza virus and of multidrug-resistant lines of human pathogenic bacteria, and to restrain the spread of Ug99, a strain of stem rust of wheat. Recent research in medical epidemiology has elucidated the impact of pathogen ecology in environmental reservoirs on the evolution of novel or enhanced pathogen virulence. In contrast, the evolution of virulence in plant pathogens has been investigated from a predominantly agro-centric perspective, and has focused overwhelmingly on evolutionary forces related to interactions with the primary plant host. Here, we argue that current concepts from the field of medical epidemiology regarding mechanisms that lead to acquisition of novel virulence, biocide resistance, and enhanced pathogenic fitness can serve as an important foundation for novel hypotheses about the evolution of plant pathogens. We present numerous examples of virulence traits in plant pathogenic microorganisms that also have a function in their survival and growth in nonagricultural and nonplant habitats. Based on this evidence, we make an appeal to expand concepts of the life history of plant pathogens and the drivers of pathogen evolution beyond the current agro-centric perspective.
Paradigms of Evolution of Virulence in Human "Environmental Pathogens"
The classification of diseases in terms of their epidemiology is a useful starting point for a comparison of plant and human pathogens [1]. In medical epidemiology, anthroponoses are diseases transmitted among humans that have no other known reservoirs for multiplication. Typhoid fever, smallpox, and certain venereal diseases are examples. Zoonoses, such as rabies, lyme disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and avian and swine influenzas, are transmitted to humans from living animals. Sapronoses are diseases transmitted to humans from environmental reservoirs where the pathogen thrives saprophytically. These habitats include soil, water, and decaying plant and animal matter. Examples include Legionnaire's disease, cholera, aspergillosis, and the emerging epidemics of melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei). Human pathogens with saprophytic phases or residing in environmental reservoirs are also referred to as "environmental pathogens" [2]–[6].
Studies of virulence factors of human pathogens in environmental reservoirs have begun to reveal the importance of alternate hosts, of dual-use virulence factors, and in general of how environmental habitats can select for traits that confer enhanced fitness as human pathogens. For example, interactions with microbial eukaryotes seem to have led to the acquisition of traits useful for pathogenicity to mammalian cells. Numerous environmental pathogens, including Cryptococcus neoformans, Legionella spp., Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycobacterium avium, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Francisella tularensis, might have acquired virulence traits via their resistance to predation by amoebae. This resistance, associated with the ability to grow inside the amoebae—which are essentially alternate hosts—has likely led to the selection of traits conferring survival in macrophages [7]. Resistance to macrophages involves the capacity of the bacteria to resist or debilitate the macrophage's phagosomes and to multiply in the cytoplasm. Many of the traits essential for virulence to humans likewise seem to play roles in adaption to the environments where the organisms are saprophytes (Table 1). These traits have dual roles in environmental and parasitic fitness and are thus referred to as "dual-use traits". Melanins, siderophores, and the capacity to form biofilms are among the frequently cited examples. C. neoformans provides one of the richest examples of dual-use traits. This fungus, frequently found in soils that contain high levels of bird guano and in association with certain plants, causes meningoencephalitis. A nonexhaustive list of its dual-use traits includes capsule formation and production of melanin, laccase, phospholipase, proteases, and ureases [8]. In the environment these traits contribute to survival and in human hosts they contribute to the capacity of C. neoformans to avoid host resistance mechanisms and to attack host tissue. Microbial efflux pumps have also evolved dual uses. These transport systems are used for managing toxic compounds in the environment of the microorganism and can have a broad spectra of activity leading to multidrug resistance among environmental microorganisms [9]. Human activities resulting in the disposal of a wide range of chemical products into the environment, including household cleaners that contain the broad spectrum antimicrobial triclosan, may be inadvertently exacerbating the abundance of multidrug-resistant bacteria [10].
Virulence of environmental pathogens has been described as a set of cards, or a diverse set of attributes acquired as a function of the life history of a pathogen and its adaptation to different environments [3],[8]. It is becoming increasingly clear that evolutionary forces outside the context of human–pathogen interactions are responsible for the acquisition and maintenance of some virulence factors [11]. Genomics and phylogenetics are revealing the evolutionary link between, for example, commensal strains of Escherichia coli and modern pathogens such as enterohaemorrhagic strains of this species (such as O157). The mechanisms proposed to explain how these commensals have become pathogens are grounded in their ecology and life histories, culminating in the notion of ecological evolution ("eco-evo") [11]. The eco-evo approach to understanding the emergence of pathogens gives credence, from the perspective of genomics, to evolutionary and adaptive scenarios that are surmised from a thorough understanding of the ecology and life history of pathogens.
Links between Plant Pathogenicity, Adaptation to Biotic and Chemical Stress, and Key Vital Functions
At present, epidemiological classifications of plant diseases are based on the interaction of the pathogen and the host (biotrophic or necrotrophic, obligate or facultative), on the number of cycles of propagule production (mono- and polycyclic diseases), on the importance of latency in symptom expression, and on the role of vectors, but there is no formalized equivalent of "sapronoses". Nevertheless, numerous plant pathogens are present in diverse nonagricultural habitats or survive saprophytically in agricultural contexts. These include a range of bacteria, fungi, and stable viruses (a nonexhaustive list of examples is presented in Table 2). A striking characteristic of many of the virulence factors of these plant pathogens is that they are linked to—or are in themselves—traits critical to adaptation to the nonplant environment, as will be illustrated below. This provides a compelling reason to adopt a holistic view of the life history and evolution of plant pathogens, to move beyond the traditional borders of agriculture and the presumed "primary" plant host. Adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, within or outside of agricultural habitats, likely plays as important a role in the evolution of parasitic fitness of plant pathogens as it does for human pathogens.
As illustrated above, traits that confer fitness in response to biotic and abiotic environmental stress can have dual-use as virulence factors in human pathogens. Toxins and toxin transport systems (including efflux pumps, in particular) are among the common adaptations for antagonizing and defending against the co-inhabitants of a habitat. In plant pathogens, the transport systems for toxins and antimicrobials can have broad spectrum activity, leading to resistance to agricultural fungicides and also contributing to virulence [12]. Genes coding for wide spectrum efflux pumps are present in the chromosomes of all living organisms [9]. The efflux pump BcAtrB of Botrytis cinerea confers resistance to antimicrobials produced by soil and plant microflora (2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and phenazine antibiotics) [13],[14] and also to the fungicide fenpiclonil and the plant defensive phytoalexin resveratrol [15]. The transporter ABC1 from Magnaporthe grisea protects the fungus against azole fungicides and the rice phytoalexin sakuranetin [12]. Numerous plant pathogenic bacteria, including Erwinia amylovora, Dickeya spp. (formerly the multiple biovars of E. chrysanthemi), and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, also produce efflux pumps that are involved in their resistance to plant antimicrobials (reviewed by Martinez et al. [9]). Toxins themselves can have a broad spectrum of action. For example, mycotoxins, well known for their human and animal toxicity, have broad spectrum activity and are thought to have evolved as a defense against predators (nematodes) and antagonists (other microorganisms) [16]. One family of these, the trichothecenes, contributes significantly to the virulence of many Gibberella (Fusarium) species [17].
Adaptation to biotic stress also implicates systems for the detection or inhibition of arms of aggression used by co-inhabitants. Recent work on fungi suggests that systems to detect enzymes that degrade fungal cell walls are also deployed as virulence factors. Lysin motifs (LysMs) are carbohydrate-binding protein modules that have been found in mammalian and plant pathogenic fungi as well as in saprophytes [18]. Bolton et al. [19] demonstrated that the LysM protein Ecp6 acts as a virulence factor in the plant pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvum. As virulence factors they may suppress host defenses by sequestrating chitin oligosaccharides that are known to act as elicitors of plant defense responses [19] and also as activators of host immune responses in mammals [20]. de Jonge and Thomma [18] suggest that these proteins may also have a role in the protection of saprophytic fungi against chitinase-secreting competitor microbes or mycoparasites.
Protection against abiotic stress can involve molecules that have also become virulence factors. Siderophores [21]–[23] and various pigments including melanins [24] are virulence factors in some human pathogens. Siderophores contribute to resistance to oxidative stress and sequestering iron when it is rare in the environment. In the plant pathogens Alternaria brassicicola, Cochliobolus spp., Fusarium graminearum [25], and M. grisea [26], siderophores or their precursors are virulence factors. Melanins offer protection from extreme temperatures, UV radiation, and antimicrobials. In the plant pathogens M. grisea and Colletotrichum spp., melanins are also virulence factors via their essential role in the formation of tissue-penetration structures such as appressoria [17]. In many cases, toxins and siderophores are produced by nonribosomal peptide synthase or polyketide synthase pathways. These pathways, widely distributed in the microbial world, are highly adaptable and have given rise to a wide range of compounds with a plethora of activities, including many of pharmaceutical importance [27]. HC-toxin of Cochliobilus carbonum, victorin in C. victoriae, and T-toxin in C. heterostrophus are products of these pathways [28]. The key virulence factor of Streptomyces spp., thaxtomin [29], and the multitude of host-specific and nonspecific toxins in Pseudomonas syringae pathovars [30] are also produced by these pathways.
The capacity to detect changes in conditions of the abiotic environment has also become part of the virulence factors of some plant pathogens. For example, to detect changes in environmental conditions, organisms exploit two-component histidine kinase complexes. These are key elements of the machinery for signal sensing, allowing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants to adapt to changing environments. In the plant pathogen B. cinerea, one of its multiple histidine kinases, BOS1, not only mediates osmosensitivity and resistance to fungicides, but is also essential for formation of macroconidia and expression of virulence [31].
Recognition and understanding of the full complexity of the life history of plant pathogens will enhance our capacity to evaluate the diversity and intensity of environmental stresses that microorganisms face and will contribute novel hypotheses concerning the role of environmental stresses in the evolution of pathogenicity. Stress is considered to play an important role in adaptive evolution in general, in particular via its effect on mutation rates [32]. For certain fungi and bacteria, including plant pathogens, stress increases the activity of transposable elements [33]–[35] and induces the SOS response and other systems involved in the modification or repair of DNA [32]. Mutations can target the ensemble of the microbial genome. However, it has been suggested that adaptation of bacteria to multiple stresses can lead, in particular, to the acquisition of virulence factors and to the emergence of pathogenic variants [36].
Adaptation to specific habitats—which involves adapting to a particular ensemble of biotic and abiotic parameters—could also influence the evolution of parasitic fitness. Available examples focus on soil-borne and rhizosphere microorganisms. The rhizosphere is a dynamic soup whose chemistry changes as plants grow, die, and degrade. Chemicals in the rhizosphere are food substrates and means of communication, antagonism, and collaboration among microorganisms, among plants, and between plants and microorganisms. To decompose dead plant material and recycle carbon, microorganisms have developed a range of cell wall–degrading enzymes, without which our planet would be quite encumbered by the accumulation of tissue from dead plants. Pectolytic, cellulolytic, and lignolytic enzymes are also well-known pathogenicity factors [37]–[39]. To hone the efficiency of these enzymes in planta, pectinolytic fungi are adept at modulating the surrounding pH. Alternaria, Penicillium, Fusarium spp., and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum also exploit these pH changes to enhance the action of these enzymes as virulence factors [40]. Streptomyces spp. are considered quintessential soil inhabitants. Their ability to degrade biopolymers, including cellulose and chitin, contributes greatly to nutrient cycling, and their vast array of antimicrobials contributes to survival and microbial communication in soil [29]. Some Streptomyces species are pathogenic to root crops and to potatoes in particular. A recently discovered virulence factor in Streptomyces, a saponinase homologue [29], may be the result of adaptation to the rhizosphere. Saponins are plant glycosides that contribute to resistance against fungi and insect herbivores. Bacteria, and especially Gram-positive bacteria, can also be sensitive. Saponins are also exuded from the roots of some plant species where they have allelopathic as well as antimicrobial activity [41],[42].
Key vital functions, housekeeping functions, and basic life cycle processes should also be considered for their potential to give rise to pathogenicity factors. Traits fundamental to fitness and survival in general can confer or enhance pathogenic fitness. In plant pathogenic bacteria these include flagella, motility, lipo- and exo- polysaccharides, O-antigens, fimbriae, mechanisms for iron acquisition and for quorum sensing, toxin production, cell wall–degrading enzymes, and resistance to oxidative stress [43]. Motility, for example, is essential to dispersal and for attaining new resources. In Ralstonia solanacearum it is also essential for early stages of plant invasion and colonization during pathogenesis [44]. In the fungus Aschochyta rabiei, kinesins that are essential for polarized growth and transport of organelles are suspected to be a virulence factor [45]. An F-box protein of Giberrella zeae has been reported to be involved in sexual reproduction and in pathogenicity [46]. The enzymes that allow fungi to detoxify compounds resulting from plant defense mechanisms are probably also simply means of acquiring nutrients [47]. For example, detoxification of tomatine in tomatoes by Septoria lycopercici and by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is achieved by the deployment of glycosyl hydrolases by these fungi; Gaeumannomyces graminis detoxifies avenacins in oats via a beta-glucosidase [28]. Another example of adaptation of basic cellular functions into pathogenicity factors concerns elicitins. Elicitins are part of one of the most highly conserved protein families in the Phytophthora genus and are widespread throughout Phytophthora species. Elicitins of P. infestans induce hypersensitivity in plants. Recent work from Jiang and colleagues [48] suggests that a primary function of elicitins is the acquisition of sterols from the environment.
Toward New Paradigms about the Evolution of Plant Pathogenicity: The Roles of Dual-Use Traits and Exaptation
How can we make sense of the processes that have led to the wide variety of pathogenicity factors in plant pathogens and that continue to drive the evolution of pathogens? Bacterial plant pathogens are particularly illustrative of the differences in suites of secretion systems [43],[49],[50],[51] and of effectors [50],[51],[52],[53],[54],[55] among members of different genera, species, or strains of the same species that attack plants. Effectors are proteins secreted by plant pathogens that modulate plant defense reactions, thereby enabling the pathogen to colonize the plant tissues. It is tempting to wonder if the effectors and secretion systems have critical roles in fitness elsewhere other than in association with the host plant. The examples listed above that describe traits that play roles in both environmental fitness and virulence to plants provide a compelling incentive to expand our paradigms concerning the forces that drive evolution of plant pathogenicity. The evolutionary forces that have been described to date for plant pathogens [56] need to be extended beyond the current agro-centric paradigm.
To expand this paradigm we propose that the life cycles and life histories of plant pathogens be reconsidered. Studies of pathogen ecology, evolution, and life history should include the full range of habitats and reservoirs these organisms can inhabit. This in turn will permit testing a range of novel hypotheses about the role of ecological contexts—other than direct interaction with host plants—as forces of evolution. In Table 3 we propose some such hypotheses. For example, rates of mutation and of transposition of insertion sequences or of transposable elements including phages might be different when a microorganism inhabits nonagricultural habitats (biofilms, lake water, or inert surfaces exposed to UV, for example) than when it colonizes plants. The consequences of these mutations for pathogenicity might in turn be markedly different than for fitness in nonagricultural habitats. Likewise, the formation of spores or aggregates that can be released into the air and their survival over long distances might be highly influenced by the nature of the reservoir that the pathogen colonizes, resulting in direct effects of habitat on gene flow. Furthermore, the biotic and abiotic stresses endured in nonagricultural habitats might exert positive selection for adaptive survival traits that have dual-use as virulence factors as illustrated in the examples above. These questions are clearly pertinent for pathogens that are not obligate biotrophs. However, the complexity of the biotic and abiotic environment perceived by obligate biotrophs during colonization of plants (powdery mildews on leaf surfaces inhabited by other microorganisms, for example) or during their dissemination (survival in air or in association with vectors) are also likely to exert selection independent of that due to the host plant genotype per se. These are only some of the ways in which environmental parameters other than the host plant are expected to have a marked influence on the diversification of plant pathogens.
If nonagricultural environments can foster the evolution of traits that contribute to pathogen virulence, other scenarios are also probable where i) crop plants foster the emergence of traits antagonistic to survival outside of agricultural contexts ii) or nonagricultural environments foster the emergence of traits that are detrimental to pathogen virulence in crops. Understanding the prevalence and significance of alternative habitats to pathogen life history is crucial to determining the broad costs of virulence for pathogen fitness. The cost of virulence in terms of fitness in association with plants has been explored extensively for several obligate parasites such as rusts and powdery mildews. Work by Thrall and Burdon [57] has shown clear fitness tradeoffs between pathogen aggressiveness (capacity to induce intense disease symptoms) and dissemination (via intense spore production). For nonobligate pathogens we do not know the cost of fitness outside of agricultural habitats. The interplay between evolutionary forces and habitat has not been explored for plant pathogens and might be a key feature in the emergence of certain diseases.
By expanding our paradigms concerning pathogen life history and the selective forces that drive plant pathogen evolution, we will enhance our understanding of how pathogens survive in the absence of hosts, how and where new pathotypes are likely to emerge, and the significance of natural habitats to agricultural epidemics. Insights will come from fundamental research to identify the mechanisms that drive the evolution of pathogenic traits and to explore the ecological significance of pathogenic traits to microbial fitness apart from the plant host. Distinguishing the role of adaptation sensu stricto in the emergence of plant pathogenicity relative to that of exaptation [58], the useful cooptation of phenotypes that have arisen under natural selection due to forces unrelated to interaction with the primary host plant, will yield critical insight into how plant pathogens evolve independently of agricultural practices. A more complete understanding of the forces that drive plant pathogen evolution will be critical to enhancing and diversifying sustainable disease control strategies, and will improve prediction of the conditions that support the emergence of novel pathogens.
We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and for the suggestion of additional materials to incorporate into the text. We also thank Dr. Melodie Putnam (Oregon State University, United States of America) for useful discussions about the ecology of bacterial plant pathogens.
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Drift is a 15hh sooty buckskin quarter horse x Arabian gelding. We've used him for everything from eventing to reining, but haven't shown him. He's got…SOLD
Bill pulls single or double , stand for farrier, stands to be clipped, stands to mount, no problems in water, no problems with dogs. If you are looking…SOLD
Burton is very laid back and easy to handle. He is practically bombproof! We have yet to see him spook! Great on trails, could be a husband horse. …SOLD
Advanced and sound beautiful grey mare for sale. She is trained to drive. It is unknown if she is trained to ride. Picks up all feet for farrier and…SOLD
14.2 Hands 9 years old Broke to ride for confident rider. Gorgeous registered American Paint Horse Association mare. Registered name is Claire Topped…SOLD
http://www.allbreedpedigree.com/tempest+amaya Gorgeous correct built palomino mare. She's broke to ride and does very well. She could finish out in ANY…SOLD
April is a very sweet girl she wants to please she is started she can lope the pattern she just needs some more miles she is 6 years old she is a sorrel…SOLD
I have sold this stud colt but I have several other horses for sale. Please look at my other horses I have for sale. I have a sorrel stallion colt that…SOLD


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The best movies ever
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Titanic (1997)
A seventeen-year-old aristocrat falls in love with a kind, but poor artist aboard the luxurious, ill-fated R.M.S. Titanic. (194 mins.)
Director: James Cameron
Stars: Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, Billy Zane, Kathy Bates
Stand by Me (1986)
After the death of a friend, a writer recounts a boyhood journey to find the body of a missing boy. (89 mins.)
Director: Rob Reiner
Stars: Wil Wheaton, River Phoenix, Corey Feldman, Jerry O'Connell
The Breakfast Club (1985)
Five high school students, all different stereotypes, meet in detention, where they pour their hearts out to each other, and discover how they have a lot more in common than they thought. (97 mins.)
Director: John Hughes
Stars: Emilio Estevez, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, Ally Sheedy
Thelma & Louise (1991)
An Arkansas waitress and a housewife shoot a rapist and take off in a '66 Thunderbird. (130 mins.)
Director: Ridley Scott
Stars: Susan Sarandon, Geena Davis, Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen
Walk the Line (2005)
A chronicle of country music legend Johnny Cash's life, from his early days on an Arkansas cotton farm to his rise to fame with Sun Records in Memphis, where he recorded alongside Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins. (136 mins.)
Director: James Mangold
Bonnie and Clyde (1967)
A somewhat romanticized account of the career of the notoriously violent bank robbing couple and their gang. (111 mins.)
Director: Arthur Penn
The Seven Year Itch (1955)
When his family goes away for the summer, a so far faithful husband is tempted by a beautiful neighbor. (105 mins.)
Director: Billy Wilder
Stars: Marilyn Monroe, Tom Ewell, Evelyn Keyes, Sonny Tufts
Gone with the Wind (1939)
A manipulative Southern belle carries on a turbulent affair with a blockade runner during the American Civil War. (238 mins.)
Director: Victor Fleming
Stars: Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, Thomas Mitchell, Barbara O'Neil
A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
Disturbed Blanche DuBois moves in with her sister in New Orleans and is tormented by her brutish brother-in-law while her reality crumbles around her. (122 mins.)
Director: Elia Kazan
Stars: Vivien Leigh, Marlon Brando, Kim Hunter, Karl Malden
The Wizard of Oz (1939)
Dorothy Gale is swept away to a magical land in a tornado and embarks on a quest to see the Wizard who can help her return home. (102 mins.)
Director: Victor Fleming
Stars: Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger, Bert Lahr
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953)
Showgirls Lorelei Lee and Dorothy Shaw travel to Paris, pursued by a private detective hired by the disapproving father of Lorelei's fiancé to keep an eye on her, as well as a rich, enamored old man and many other doting admirers. (91 mins.)
Director: Howard Hawks
Stars: Jane Russell, Marilyn Monroe, Charles Coburn, Elliott Reid
Risky Business (1983)
A Chicago teenager is looking for fun at home while his parents are away, but the situation quickly gets out of hand. (99 mins.)
Director: Paul Brickman
A Time to Kill (1996)
A young lawyer defends a black man accused of murdering two men who raped his 10-year-old daughter, sparking a rebirth of the K.K.K. (149 mins.)
Director: Joel Schumacher
Pretty in Pink (1986)
A poor girl must choose between the affections of her doting childhood sweetheart and a rich but sensitive playboy. (96 mins.)
Director: Howard Deutch
Stars: Molly Ringwald, Jon Cryer, Harry Dean Stanton, Annie Potts
How to Marry a Millionaire (1953)
Three women set out to find eligible millionaires to marry, but find true love in the process. (95 mins.)
Director: Jean Negulesco
Stars: Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable, Lauren Bacall, David Wayne
The Godfather (1972)
The aging patriarch of an organized crime dynasty transfers control of his clandestine empire to his reluctant son. (175 mins.)
Director: Francis Ford Coppola
Stars: Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Caan, Diane Keaton
Pulp Fiction (1994)
The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. (154 mins.)
Director: Quentin Tarantino
Chinatown (1974)
A private detective hired to expose an adulterer finds himself caught up in a web of deceit, corruption and murder. (130 mins.)
Director: Roman Polanski
Stars: Jack Nicholson, Faye Dunaway, John Huston, Perry Lopez
Speed (1994)
A young cop must prevent a bomb exploding aboard a city bus by keeping its speed above 50 mph. (116 mins.)
Director: Jan de Bont
Stars: Keanu Reeves, Dennis Hopper, Sandra Bullock, Joe Morton
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. (133 mins.)
Director: Milos Forman
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958)
Brick, an alcoholic ex-football player, drinks his days away and resists the affections of his wife, Maggie. His reunion with his father, Big Daddy, who is dying of cancer, jogs a host of memories and revelations for both father and son. (108 mins.)
Director: Richard Brooks
Stars: Elizabeth Taylor, Paul Newman, Burl Ives, Jack Carson
Giant (1956)
Sprawling epic covering the life of a Texas cattle rancher and his family and associates. (201 mins.)
Director: George Stevens
Stars: Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, James Dean, Carroll Baker
All About Eve (1950)
An ingenue insinuates herself into the company of an established but aging stage actress and her circle of theater friends. (138 mins.)
Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Stars: Bette Davis, Anne Baxter, George Sanders, Celeste Holm
While You Were Sleeping (1995)
A ticket-collecting romantic pretends to be engaged to an unconscious man but can't fool his brother. (103 mins.)
Director: Jon Turteltaub
Stars: Sandra Bullock, Bill Pullman, Peter Gallagher, Peter Boyle
What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962)
A former child star torments her paraplegic sister in their decaying Hollywood mansion. (134 mins.)
Director: Robert Aldrich
Stars: Bette Davis, Joan Crawford, Victor Buono, Wesley Addy
East of Eden (1955)
A wilful young man contends against his brother for the attention of their religious father while reconnecting with his estranged mother and falling for his brother's girlfriend. (115 mins.)
Director: Elia Kazan
Stars: James Dean, Raymond Massey, Julie Harris, Burl Ives
Pretty Woman (1990)
A man in a legal but hurtful business needs an escort for some social events, and hires a beautiful prostitute he meets... only to fall in love. (119 mins.)
Director: Garry Marshall
Scream (1996)
Sidney, attempting to cope with her mother's mysterious murder, and her horror movie-obsessed friends are stalked by an unknown killer who seems to have a hard time letting the past go. (111 mins.)
Director: Wes Craven
Stars: Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, David Arquette, Skeet Ulrich
Big Daddy (1999)
A lazy law school grad adopts a kid to impress his girlfriend, but everything doesn't go as planned and he becomes the unlikely foster father. (93 mins.)
Director: Dennis Dugan
Stars: Adam Sandler, Joey Lauren Adams, Jon Stewart, Cole Sprouse
Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
A rebellious young man with a troubled past comes to a new town, finding friends and enemies. (111 mins.)
Director: Nicholas Ray
Stars: James Dean, Natalie Wood, Sal Mineo, Jim Backus
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. (118 mins.)
Director: Jonathan Demme
The Accused (1988)
After a young woman suffers a brutal rape in a bar one night, a prosecutor assists in bringing the perpetrators to justice, including the ones who encouraged and cheered on the attack. (111 mins.)
Director: Jonathan Kaplan
Stars: Kelly McGillis, Jodie Foster, Bernie Coulson, Leo Rossi
Elf (2003)
After inadvertently wreaking havoc on the elf community due to his ungainly size, a man raised as an elf at the North Pole is sent to the U.S. in search of his true identity. (97 mins.)
Director: Jon Favreau
Stars: Will Ferrell, James Caan, Bob Newhart, Zooey Deschanel
Running on Empty (1988)
The eldest son of a fugitive family comes of age and wants to live a life of his own. (116 mins.)
Director: Sidney Lumet
Stars: River Phoenix, Christine Lahti, Judd Hirsch, Jonas Abry
Jerry Maguire (1996)
When a sports agent has a moral epiphany and is fired for expressing it, he decides to put his new philosophy to the test as an independent with the only athlete who stays with him. (139 mins.)
Director: Cameron Crowe
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)
A couple's attitudes are challenged when their daughter introduces them to her African American fiancé. (108 mins.)
Director: Stanley Kramer


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209 E Baldwin Rd
Panama City, FL 32405
209 E Baldwin Rd
Panama City, FL 32405
613 N 9th Plz
Panama City, FL 32404
346 Kraft Ave
Panama City, FL 32401
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2903 W 21st St
Panama City, FL 32405
6807 John Pitts Rd
Panama City, FL 32404
4010 Thomas Dr Unit 103
Panama City, FL 32408-7306, Bay County
2735 Orlando Rd
Panama City, FL 32405
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20531 Ring Rd
Fountain, FL 32466, Bay County
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Panama City, FL 32405
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Panama City, FL 32405, Bay County
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Panama City, FL 32408
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Our database shows there are 385 registered Sex Offender or Predators in Bay County, FL, a ratio of 22.40 Sex Offender or Predators per 10,000 residents. This is higher than the national average of 15.01 Sex Offender or Predators per 10,000 residents. Records indicate there are 17,368 incarcerated Sex Offender or Predators in Florida, as well as 1,768 offenders whose location is unknown in Florida due to the Sex Offender or Predators being transient or their address being unmappable.
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Suggestions on how to make this restoration better
Started Apr 20, 2012 | Discussions thread
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emufdi • Junior Member • Posts: 26
Re: Suggestions on how to make this restoration better
In reply to Chuck_D • Apr 20, 2012
The biggest problem seems to be the rampant overexposure but since you're working on a scan I don't see how you can do anything about that.
What type of sharpening have you already tried?
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Width: 2.7 cm
An all-time favourite accessory, belts form an integral part of dressing. This signature leather belt from Wrangler is all set to pump up your style. Pair it with semi-formals.
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