text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 14, 1999
|Filing date
|Aug 1, 1997
|Priority date
|Aug 7, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Melchiorre Bruccoleri, Marco Demicheli, Davide Demicheli, Giuseppe Patti
|Original Assignee
|Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (5), Classifications (11), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a precision servo-demodulator for providing the actuator which positions a read head of a rigid magnetic disc with the data necessary to maintain the correct alignment of the read/write head over the center of a track.
It is known that magnetic discs are recorded with concentric circular tracks each divided into sectors, with each sector being provided with a read/write field called a header containing information defining which of the various tracks the sector belongs to and which sector among the various track sectors, and other information. In order to be able to obtain a high track density, and therefore a high disc capacity, and to ensure that data is correctly written to and read from a track, it is necessary to control the position of the head on the track and correcting it if the head is not exactly aligned on the track center.
To this end, in the header field of each sector two short successions of sinusoidal signals, called "servo bursts" of equal amplitude are recorded, one on either side of the track center, over separate arcs of the header field. If, during the course of a subsequent reading, the read head is correctly positioned over the track center, the previously effected recording induces two identical signals in the read head when the two separate arcs of the header field are read. Otherwise, the two signals differ in amplitude and provide an indication of the displacement of the head from the center of the track. This indication is utilized by a control system to correct the position of the head, aligning it on the center of the track.
The known techniques for measuring the displacement of the head from the track center to compare between the two signals read from the servo recording are essentially of two types:
1) Peak detection: the peak, that is, the maximum value of the signals provided by the head upon reading each of the two servo bursts, is memorized and compared with the other. This recognition method has the advantage of requiring relatively simple sampling and memory circuits and of being independent of the timing signals which activate the sampling operation (which must be activated only for reading the two servo bursts, and not when the other data is read). A serious disadvantage of this method is the low immunity to noise and therefore low precision. In fact, a disturbance which causes an increase, even of a single signal peak, contributes its amplitude integrally to the detection of an erroneous amplitude value of the peak. It is to be noted that in the case of signals provided by a read head (generally through a preamplifier) with asymmetrical characteristics, as is the case when the read head is of magnetoresistive type, two identical sampling circuits are necessary, respectively, for the recognition of the maximum positive peak and the maximum negative peak, which is converted into a positive peak with a simple inversion of the connection of the input terminals. The sum of the two measurements provides the peak-to-peak amplitude of the signal.
2) Area detection: This technique is based on the measurement of the area of the rectified signal. Although conceptually very simple, this technique, which involves an integration of the signal over a predetermined time interval, requires complex and expensive circuits. Moreover, the measurement precision depends on the precision with which the integration time interval is defined. The advantage of this technique, which has a high immunity to noise, is that it does not require circuit duplication in the case of asymmetric signals, but this only partly compensates for the above-mentioned disadvantages.
What is desired is a technique which is constructionally simple with a high immunity to noise without being influenced by imprecisions in the timing signal.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a servo-demodulator which, while being constructionally simple, has a high immunity to noise without being influenced by imprecisions in the timing signal.
The present invention provides a servo-demodulator for a pair of successive alternating variable signals, generated by a magnetic disc read head and indicative of the position of the read head on a recorded track on the disc, the signals of the pair having a plurality of positive peaks and a plurality of negative peaks. The servo-demodulator comprises a pair of input terminals for receiving the alternating variable signals and a detector for detecting the positive peaks of the signals of the pair. The detector is connected to the pair of input terminals and includes a first sample and hold capacitor and a first normally open reset switch closed by a reset pulse. The servo-demodulator also includes a means connected to the pair of input terminals for generating a first signal, the assertion of which defines a periodic time window for sampling each of the positive peaks and a second signal, the assertion of which defines a second periodic time window separate from the sampling window, containing one of the negative peaks. The servo-demodulator further comprises a second sample and hold capacitor and a second normally open switch for connecting the second capacitor in parallel with the first capacitor when closed by an averaging command signal. The servo-demodulator further comprises logic control means connected to the means for generating the first and second signal for receiving the first signal, the logic control means being activated by an asserted external signal indicative of the generation by the head of one of the pair of alternate variable signals, to produce the reset pulse at its output upon assertion of the first signal and the averaging command signal coasserted with a first assertion of the first signal and with the assertions of the second signal subsequent to two preceding assertions of the first signal.
The present invention also provides a servo-demodulator for a pair of asymmetrical successive alternating variable signals generated by a read head of a magnetic disc and indicative of the position of the read head on a magnetic record track, the signals of the pair having a plurality of positive peaks and a plurality of negative peaks. The servo-demodulator comprises a first servo-demodulator, a second servo-demodulator wherein the variable signals are applied through the pair of input terminals with a signal inversion relative to the application of the signals to the input terminals of the first servo-demodulator, and a third, normally open, switch closed by a control pulse for averaging the averages, for connecting the second capacitor of the first and second servo-demodulators respectively in parallel with one another. The servo-demodulator further comprises a means for generating the command pulse when the external signal is deasserted.
The servo-demodulator comprises a signal peak detector and other circuits which together detect the amplitude of each of the different signal peaks and takes a weighted average.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become more clearly apparent from the following description, by way of non-limitative example, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the relative arrangement of a read head on a read/write track portion of a magnetic disc, showing the "servo bursts" which are read by the head and utilized to identify the position of the head in relation to the track center;
FIG. 2 is a Cartesian diagram schematically representing the amplitude of the pair of signals resulting from reading two "servo bursts" as a function of the offset of the head from the track center and the difference between the two signals;
FIG. 3 is a partial block circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of servo-demodulator in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of logic control for the servo-demodulator of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a timing diagram showing the functioning of the servo-demodulator of FIG. 3 and represents the level of the signals present at different circuit points;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a preferred servo-demodulator in accordance with the present invention, for use in particular with read heads of magnetoresistive type and for the demodulation of asymmetrical signals; and
FIG. 7 is an alternate embodiment of the servo-demodulator of FIG. 6.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a schematic view showing the relative disposition of a read head 1 on a read/write track 2 of a magnetic disc is illustrated.
For repetitive and reliable reading and writing of data, it is necessary that the read head be aligned on the track center 43. To identify the position of the read head on track 2, two short sequences of sinusoidal signals or "servo bursts" 3, 4 are pre-recorded on the disc, in the various header blocks of the track sectors, over separate arcs, respectively on one side and the other of the track center 43 at equal distances therefrom.
The recording of the two servo bursts 3, 4 involves the formation on the disc of two series of magnetic dipoles which for simplicity are also called BURST A and BURST B.
When, during its movement relative to the magnetic support, the read head 1 passes first over servo burst 3 and then over servo burst 4, two successive alternating variable electrical signals of sinusoidal form are induced in the head if the head is of inductive type, and being of only approximately sinusoidal form and asymmetrical if the head is of magnetoresistive type. The amplitude of the two signals depends on the position of the head with respect to track center 43.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the relationship of the amplitude of the signals resulting from reading two "servo bursts" to the offset (off-track) of head 1 to track center 43 will be described. It is evident that if read head 1 is centered on BURST A and therefore offset to the right with reference to FIG. 1, the amplitude of the read signal AA of BURST A is a maximum while the amplitude of signal AB read from BURST B is a minimum, practically nil. Correspondingly, if head 1 is centered on BURST B, the amplitude of the signal AA read from BURST A is a minimum while the amplitude of the signal AB read from BURST B is a maximum.
If the amplitude of the two signals, which are successive in time, is sampled, the difference between the two sampled amplitudes represented by diagram A-B of FIG. 2, provides an unequivocal indication of the offset of the head from track center 43 and can be used, preferably converted into a digital signal either before or after the subtraction operation, to control a servo actuator which correctly repositions head 1 on track center 43.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a partial block circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of a servo-demodulator in accordance with the invention, which measures the amplitude of the two signals with multiple peak sampling and weighted average of the samples, consequently obtaining a high immunity to noise and high measurement precision, will be illustrated.
The servo-demodulator comprises a peak detector 5, a differential comparator 6 with hysteresis, control logic 7, an electronic switch 8 and a capacitor 9. The servo-demodulator, supplied by a positive voltage +V (for example, 5 V normally used in data processing systems but which could be 3.6 or 3.3 V according to current trends) has two inputs IN+, IN-, to receive the signal generated by a read head 1, conveniently preamplified by a preamplifier 10 and available between two outputs OUT+, OUT-. Typically the output signal from the preamplifier 10 resulting from reading the servo bursts is a short sequence of sinusoidal waves with positive peaks alternating with negative peaks, of relatively high frequency of the order of 10-30 MHZ and peak-to-peak amplitude of the order of 10/400 mV. The distinction between positive and negative peaks is purely conventional and depends on which of the terminals OUT+ and OUT- is considered as the reference.
In the case of read heads of inductive type, the read signal is symmetrical and perfectly sinusoidal. On the other hand, in the case of read heads of magnetoresistive type, the alternating read signal is asymmetrical and only approximately sinusoidal: the amplitude of the conventionally positive peaks available as positive voltages measured between the terminal OUT-, assumed as reference, and the terminal OUT+ is, in absolute value, greater than the amplitude of the negative peaks, available as negative voltages between the terminal OUT- and the terminal OUT+ and obviously available as a positive voltage between the terminal OUT+ taken as reference, and the terminal OUT-.
The input terminals IN+, IN- are respectively connected to the output terminals OUT+ and OUT-. The signal present between the input terminals IN+, IN- is applied to the input of the differential comparator 6 with hysteresis as well as to the peak detector 5. The term differential comparator with hysteresis is intended to mean a differential comparator which asserts a signal CP on a first output when the voltage supplied to the inputs exceeds a first predetermined value and which asserts a signal CN on a second output when the voltage applied to the inputs is less than a second predetermined value, possibly also negative.
A differential comparator with hysteresis can be constructed by a pair of differential comparators to which the same signal is supplied at input: the first comparator to assert an output signal (CP) when the input signal exceeds a first predetermined value and the second comparator to assert an output signal (CN) when the input signal is less than a predetermined value.
The asserted signal (CP) at the output from comparator 6 defines a first time window during which the signal applied to the input of the comparator exceeds a first predetermined value, and in which there is therefore contained a positive signal peak, and the asserted signal CN defines a second time window, separate from the first, and with no temporal superimposition therewith, during which the signal applied to the input of the comparator is less than a second predetermined value, in turn lower than the first, and in which there is therefore contained a negative signal peak.
Peak detector 5 is constituted, in a known way, by a differential amplifier 11, a capacitor 12 and a capacitor discharge circuit comprising a discharge current limiter resistor 13 in series with a switch 14. Output 15 from amplifier 11 is connected to one terminal of capacitor 12. The other terminal of capacitor 12 is connected to a ground reference. Advantageously, differential amplifier 11 includes an output stage with a transistor 41 in open emitter configuration, the emitter of which is directly connected to capacitor 12. The collector of transistor 41 receives its power supply (possibly through a current limiting resistor) from the supply voltage +V. In this way, the base-emitter junction of the output stage itself performs the function of the blocking diode normally provided in conventional peak detectors, which prevents discharge of the peak sampling capacitor 12 when the voltage of the input signal decreases from the peak value.
Output 15 of differential amplifier 11 is also connected, through switch 8, to one terminal of capacitor 9. The other terminal of capacitor 9 is connected to the ground reference. The closure of switch 8 connects capacitor 9 in parallel with capacitor 12 between output 15 of amplifier 11 and the common ground. Electronic switches 8 and 14, which are normally open, are closed respectively by the assertion of two commands AVE and DISC generated by control logic 7. Switches 8 and 14, as well as control logic 7, are preferably constituted by MOS transistors made with CMOS technology.
Control logic 7 is essentially a state machine activated by an asserted SAMPLE signal, generated externally to the servo-demodulator by a control unit, which, when asserted, indicates the transit of the "servo bursts" under read head 1. Control logic 7, if enabled by assertion of the SAMPLE signal, evolves as a function of the signals CP and CN applied to its input, generating the reset pulse DISC while the signal CP is asserted and asserting the signal AVE a first time with a first assertion of the signal CP and subsequently with the assertions of the signal CN after two preceding assertions of the signal CP.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a preferred embodiment of control logic 7 is represented. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiment can be widely varied. Control logic 7 comprises a first D-type flip-flop 16 activated by a positive edge applied to the clock input, a second flip-flop 17 of the same type but activated by a negative edge applied to the clock input, logic AND gates 18, 19, 20, a logic OR gate 21 and an inverting delay element 121.
Flip-flops 16 and 17 are put in their reset state by the deasserted SAMPLE signal applied to the reset input and receive the signals CP and CN respectively at their clock inputs. Flip-flop 16 has its D input connected to the positive voltage source +V representative of logic level 1. The D input of flip-flop 17 is connected to the Q output of flip-flop 16, its own Q output being connected to one input of AND gate 18 and its inverting output Q being connected to one input of AND gate 20. AND gate 18 also receives the signal CN at one input. AND gate 20 also receives the SAMPLE and CP signal at one input.
The outputs of AND gates 18 and 20 are connected to the inputs of OR gate 21 at the output of which the signal AVE is available. AND gate 19 receives at its input the signals SAMPLE, CP and the output signal from the inverting delay element 121. The signal DISC is available at the output of AND gate 19. The inverting delay element 121 can be constituted by an odd number of inverters, such as inverters 22, 23, 24, connected in cascade to increase the delay time, or even, as shown in the drawing, by an odd number of inverters, connected in cascade, with an interposed RC network to introduce a further delay.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the demodulator of FIG. 3 and its control logic 7, shown in FIG. 4, is shown. Waveform IN+, IN- represents the input voltage applied to the demodulator consequent to reading a servo burst. Waveform SAMPLE represents the logic level of the SAMPLE signal, which can be asserted at any time upon recognition of a "servo burst" field and which is deasserted at the end of the reading of the servo burst field. Waveforms CP, CN, AVE, DISC respectively represent the logic level of the signals CP, CN, AVE, DISC. Finally, waveforms CA, CB represent the charge voltage on capacitors 12 and 9 respectively.
At time to, in a manner which can be entirely asynchronous with respect to the waveform of the input signal IN+, IN-, the signal SAMPLE is asserted, and at time t1, with the first rising edge of the signal CP, flip-flop 16 is set. Starting at the same time, since flip-flop 17 is still in reset, the signal AVE is asserted, which closes the switch 8. Starting at the same time, a short pulse DISC is also generated which controls the closure of switch 14 and causes at least partial discharge of capacitors 12 and 9. At the end of pulse DISC, both capacitors 12 and 9 charge to a voltage level substantially corresponding to the peak value of the positive half-wave applied to the input of the demodulator (multiplied by the gain of differential amplifier 11, which may be equal to 1). At time t2, with the deassertion of the signal CP, the signal AVE is deasserted, and switch 8 is opened. Capacitors 9 and 12, however, maintain the previously assumed charged state.
The subsequent assertion of the signal CN, which defines a time window in which a negative peak of the input signal to the decoder is contained, does not affect the state of control logic 7, but at time t3, when the voltage of the input signal at the decoder exceeds the predetermined lower threshold value of differential comparator 6, the signal CN is again deasserted and causes flip-flop 17 to set, AND gate 20 to be disabled, and AND gate 18 to be enabled. At time t4, when the voltage of the input signal to the decoder exceeds the predetermined upper threshold value of differential comparator 6, the signal CP is again asserted and defines the beginning of a new time window which contains a positive peak of the input signal. At time t4, a new DISC pulse is generated, which closes switch 14 and causes at least partial discharge of capacitor 12. Capacitor 9, on the other hand, retains the previously imposed charge state. At the end of the pulse DISC, capacitor 12 charges again to a voltage level corresponding to the voltage of the second positive peak of the input signal, and maintains this level until time t5.
At time t5, with a new assertion of the signal CN due to the decrease of the voltage of the input signal beyond the lower threshold of differential comparator 6, the signal AVE is also asserted for the whole of the time that CN is asserted. The assertion of AVE causes closure of switch 8 and obliges capacitors 12 and 9 to assume an equal charge voltage. Clearly, if V1A is the initial charge voltage of capacitor 12, V1B is the initial voltage of the charge of capacitor 9, and CA, CB are respectively the capacitance of capacitors 12 and 9, the capacitors assume a charge voltage:
which represents a weighted average of the two initial charge voltages. In particular, if CA=CB, the voltage V2A=V2B=(V1A+V1B)/2 represents the arithmetic mean of the two voltages. For this reason the signal AVE can be defined as an averaging operation activation signal or mean control signal.
At time t6, with deassertion of CN, switch 8 is opened, and with the assertion of CP at a subsequent time t7, capacitor 12 is discharged and then charged to the voltage corresponding to the voltage of a third voltage peak. The subsequent closure of switch 8 causes the two capacitors to assume a charge voltage which is the weighted average (as a function of CA and CB) of the last detected voltage peak and the weighted average of the voltage of the two preceding peaks. The process repeats indefinitely until the signal SAMPLE is deasserted. At this point, the voltage to which capacitor 9 is charged represents a weighted average of the amplitude of a plurality of positive peaks obtained with successive averaging operations.
If x is the number of peaks on which the averaging operation is performed and Van with n=1 . . . x the detected amplitude of the various peaks, Vbn the charge voltage accumulated in capacitor 9 after n charging operations, the resultant weighted average is given by ##EQU1##
With a demodulator or decoder of the type described in FIG. 3, if n>2, it is not possible to attribute different peak measurements the same weight. In particular, if CA=CB, the last peak measurement has a weight equal to the cumulative weight of all the preceding measurements. Notwithstanding this, it is evident that the possible imprecision in measurement of one of the peaks due to disturbances, even if it is the last peak, influences the cumulative measurement with a lower weight than that which it would have done with a single measurement. In other words, immunity to noise is significantly improved.
With a convenient choice of the ratio between CB and CA greater than 1, for example, equal to 2, 3 or more, and in relation to the number of peaks which contribute to the weighted averaging operation, it is possible to equalize to a large extent the weight of the various peaks in the averaging operation. Once the weighted averaging process has been completed, the charge voltage of capacitor 9 relating to the positive peaks of one of the servo burst signals, can be converted by an A/D convertor 25 with input buffer, stored, and compared with the charge voltage of capacitor 9 resulting from the subsequent execution of a weighted averaging process on the positive peaks of the other of the two servo burst signals, the difference between the two weighted averages being indicative of the offset of the head from the track center.
These operations can be performed in a conventional manner without time limitations imposed by the frequency of the servo burst signals, which would make the analog-to-digital conversion of the amplitude of the different sample peaks, their memorization and subsequent arithmetic averaging in real time, excessively complex and onerous. The demodulator of FIG. 3 performs a weighted average of only positive peaks.
A further increase in the precision, which is particularly advantageous if the signal read from the "servo bursts" is asymmetric (as occurs in the case of magnetostrictive read heads), can be achieved as shown in FIG. 6 with a duplication of the demodulator, one of the demodulators being dedicated to the measurement and weighted averaging of the amplitude of positive peaks, the other decoder being dedicated to the measurement and weighted averaging of the amplitude of negative peaks.
In FIG. 6, a first decoder 26, identical to that illustrated in FIG. 3, has its inputs IN+, IN- connected respectively to the outputs OUT+, OUT- of a read head. A second decoder 27, again identical to that illustrated in FIG. 3, has its inputs IN+, IN- connected respectively to the outputs OUT- and OUT+ of the read head, that is with an inversion of the input signal.
It is therefore evident that the identification of the positive and negative peaks being conventional and subordinated to whichever of the terminals OUT+, OUT- is assumed as reference, that the peaks, seen as negative by decoder 26, are seen and treated by decoder 27 as positive peaks while the peaks seen as positive by decoder 26 are seen and treated by decoder 27 as negative peaks.
To perform the averaging, which can be arithmetic, of the weighted averages of the positive and negative peaks respectively, it is sufficient to-provide an electronic switch 28 which connects in parallel output capacitors 29, 30 of the two decoders 26, 27 corresponding to capacitor 9 of FIG. 3.
The switch can be controlled, at the end of the process of forming the weighted average, by a pulse SM obtained, for example, from the SAMPLE signal, when this is deasserted, with a simple logic comprising an inverting element 31, a delay element 32 and an AND gate 33, the SAMPLE signal being input to the inputs of elements 31, 32 and the outputs of elements 31, 32 being connected to the inputs of AND gate 33 at the output of which the signal SM is available for control of switch 28.
As shown in FIG. 7, this embodiment can be simplified by forming two decoders 34, 35 in such a way that differential comparator 36 with hysteresis is common to both the decoders. The signals CP and CN at the output from the differential comparator are applied to the inputs of control logic 37 of the first decoder, exactly as in the case of FIG. 3, and to the inputs of control logic 38 of the second decoder with signal reversal.
In the same way, the + and - inputs of peak detector 39 of first decoder 34 are connected to the IN+, IN- inputs, respectively, of the decoder, while the + and - inputs of peak detector 40 of second decoder 35 are connected respectively to the IN- and IN+ inputs with signal reversal. It is therefore evident that the signal CN applied to control logic 38 is seen as a signal which defines a time window containing a positive peak, while correspondingly, a peak contained in this time window is seen and sampled by peak detector 40 as a positive peak.
The preceding description relates only to a preferred embodiment, and it is clear that many variants can be introduced.
For example, differential comparator 6 with hysteresis, in particular in the case when it is necessary to recognize peaks of a single type (positive or negative), can be a simple differential comparator with a single output, for the generation of only one of the signals CP and CN, the other signal being obtained from the first with a simple inversion, or with logic which ensures a time separation between the assertion intervals of the two signals.
Control logic 7, in relation to the possibility of using logic components in which an electrical state can be representative of a logic state, or its inverse, also lends itself to a multiple variety of modifications.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described in detail herein, along with certain variants thereof, many other varied embodiments that incorporate the teachings of the invention may be easily constructed by those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific form set forth herein, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as can be reasonably included within the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 26, 1980
|Apr 12, 1983
|Magnetic Peripherals Inc.
|Track centering servo pulse noise filter
|Feb 24, 1987
|May 23, 1989
|Konishiroku Photo Industries Co., Ltd.
|Dual head servo system and method for a magnetic disk
|Apr 18, 1994
|Jan 9, 1996
|Western Digital Corporation
|Disk drive having head positioning servo with improved servo read signal processing using median servo burst peak magnitudes
|Jun 5, 1997
|Sep 1, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and apparatus for servo pulse detection with high AC coupling and large pulse asymmetry
|Oct 24, 1986
|May 13, 1987
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Servo data demodulators
|Title not available
|Patent Abstract of Japan, of JP7201146 Head Positioning Control Device of Magnetic Disk Device and Method Thereor, Masahiko Aug. 4, 1995.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 24, 2000
|May 14, 2002
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Digital signal demodulation using weighted peak sample averaging
|Apr 1, 2000
|Nov 19, 2002
|Moeller Gmbh
|Input circuit for relatively high current AC signals to be monitored
|Oct 11, 2000
|Sep 9, 2003
|Seagate Technology Llc
|Method and apparatus for feedforward cancellation using a peak detector
|Oct 11, 2000
|Sep 30, 2003
|Seagate Technoogy Llc
|Method and apparatus for feedforward cancellation using a phase lock loop
|Mar 30, 2001
|Jan 13, 2004
|Seagate Technology Llc
|Robust servo demodulation filtering method
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 1, 1997
Owner name: SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS S.R.L., ITALY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BRUCCOLERI, MELCHIORRE;DEMICHELI, MARCO;DEMICHELI, DAVIDE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008662/0010
Effective date: 19970616
|Jul 25, 2000
|Certificate of correction
|May 20, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 18, 2004
Owner name: STMICROELECTRONICS S.R.L., ITALY
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS S.R.L.;REEL/FRAME:015361/0873
Effective date: 19980527
|Jun 4, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 18, 2011
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 14, 2011
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 31, 2012
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20111214


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Manor Veterinary Centre - Cradley Heath128 Graingers Lane
Cradley Heath
We care for your Pet as if they were our own!
- We are an RCVS Accredited Practice.
- Our Halesowen Branch is an RCVS Accredited Veterinary Hospital and Emergency Service Clinic open 24/7, 365 days a year for whenever your pet needs us.
- Our Out of Hours Service is run by our own Vets and Nurses who are on site at all times.
- We have access to MRI, CT, Endoscopy, Digital Xrays and much more!
- We have Certificate Holders in Cardiology, Smal Animal Medicine, Small Animal Surgery, Orthopaedics and Zoo and Wildlife Medicine.
- We also have Exotic Pet Specialists to look after your furry, scaly or feathered friends.
Clinic reviews
5 Stars - 21-07-2016 - Robbie
All staff at manor Vets Cradley are very polite and friendly. Helen vet is super even though my cat hates coming.
5 Stars - 27-06-2016 - Rachael
We have been using manor Vets for 10 years and wouldn't go anywhere else.
5 Stars - 27-06-2016 - Lisa
It is very important to have confidence in your vet. Any query however big or small about my pets is always dealt with the greatest respect.
5 Stars - 09-06-2016 - Jean
I was very impressed with the puppy package for my new Labradoodle. The staff are all very caring and profession and most friendly and welcoming.
4.8 Stars - 08-05-2016 - Mr. Fellows
Another visit to Manor with George (miniature Schnauzer). This time an eye infection! The staff at Cradley Heath are always pleasant and helpful. Vet Lindsay was very caring and professional as always. George always enjoys the visit especially when there's a biscuit offered! Thanks again.


text:
The NationStates Community
WA Delegate: None.
Founder: The International Protector of The NationStates Community
Tags: Small and Puppet Storage.
The NationStates Community contains 9 nations, the 1,496th most in the world.
Today's World Census Report
The Longest Average Lifespans in The NationStates Community
Nations ranked highly have lower rates of preventable death, with their citizens enjoying longer average lifespans.
As a region, The NationStates Community is ranked 11,911th in the world for Longest Average Lifespans.
Regional Happenings
- : Do you even vape ceased to exist.
- : The Fellion Dominion of Vultro arrived from Balder.
- : Do you even vape arrived from Threedom.
- : The Dominion of Helliplex of the region The Federation of Atlantic Soveriegnties proposed constructing embassies.
- : The Allied States of Kissinger-Monroe of the region The Bar on the corner of every region proposed constructing embassies.
- : The Federation of Peamels departed this region for Mordor.
- : The Kingdom of Edains departed this region for Spiritus.
- : The Empire of Vanbergh departed this region for St Abbaddon.
- : The Dominion of Claws departed this region for Unity.
- : The Federation of Paulx departed this region for Mordor.
The NationStates Community Regional Message Board
And considering you starting moving your $hit around immediately, I'm thinking that you have the foregone conclusion already.
I'd be willing to found something for those that want to stick together. I'm always around in one way or another and won't disappear without telling anyone
I'm in. i'll send you a tg so you can find me.
The NationStates Community II is up and running! any who wishes to join from here is welcome, and we will try to carry on the traditions of TNSC as well as have some fun.
Also less prone to being raided AND we even have a pool!
Found some defenders to defend your region? (;
I will come back next time hehe.
Goodbye, have a nice day. Please take a complimentary TNSC Fridge Magnet and Keyring!
Great Chinese Socialist, why did you go back and suppress all those old RMB posts?


text:
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Other Names for this Disease
- Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Related Diseases
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.
[1] It is the most common type of cardiomyopathy and typically affects those aged 20 to 60.[2] The left ventricle of affected individuals becomes enlarged (dilated) and cannot pump blood to the body with as much force as a healthy heart can. The heart muscle also has difficulty contracting normally, which can lead to irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia), blood clots, or sudden death.[1][2] Over time, the heart becomes weaker and heart failure can occur.[2] While the cause of dilated cardiomyopathy is often unknown (idiopathic), some cases are acquired and roughly half are inherited or familial.[1][2] Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is most often inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Mutations in the TTN gene are found in approximately 20 percent of cases of familial dilated cardioyopathy.[3]Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle which primarily affects the heart's main pumping chamber, the left ventricle.
Last updated: 3/29/2013
- Dilated cardiomyopathy. MayClinic.com. September 2011; http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/dilated-cardiomyopathy/DS01029/METHOD=print&DSECTION=all. Accessed 9/29/2011.
- What is Cardiomyopathy?. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). January 2011; http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/types.html. Accessed 9/29/2011.
- Familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Genetic Home Reference. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/familial-dilated-cardiomyopathy. Accessed 6/4/2015.
GARD Video TutorialsLearn how to find information on treatment, research, specialists, and more.
Contact GARDContact a GARD Information Specialist with your questions about this condition.
On this page
Basic Information
- MayoClinic.com provides information about dilated cardiomyopathy. Click on the above link to access this information.
- MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
- The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has information on this topic. NHLBI is part of the National Institutes of Health and supports research, training, and education for the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases.
In Depth Information
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch's tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Dilated cardiomyopathy. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
Other Names for this Disease
- Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Related Diseases
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.


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The course aims to provide students with a knowledge of the major theoretical debates and ideological traditions within Politics, different and competing interpretations of the study of History and the opportunity to apply this learning through case-studies of aspects of social and political history.
At level 1 students focus upon the methodological traditions associated with political studies and the evolution of British politics and the competing traditions of historical explanation.
At level 2 there is the opportunity to study the principal political ideologies and the international community of political citizenship and co-operation and to study the history of political conflict in selected regions, including Ireland, Spain and aspects of the Second World War.
At level 3 students will study in greater depth the dominant schools and traditions in political theory and have a choice of other area studies and aspects of social history. Students will engage in a piece of independent study which typically involves the integration of theoretical and empirical material as a case-study or can take the form of a project in association with an external organisation.
The History and Politics subject teams have strong research traditions and have contributed successfully to successive Research Assessment Exercises. The majority of the modules offered are underpinned by the research of the tutors involved.
The School of Law, Social Sciences and Communications, in which History and Politics are based, has robust systems of student support, including the provision of `one to one' study skills and academic counselling support.
Comments from our External Examiner on provision:
For History:
"I have been impressed by the student assignments and module documents that I read. It is clear that the History degree programme at Wolverhampton is delivered by dedicated, hard-working and expert staff. As I have mentioned in previous reports, the use of source material in assessments is particularly impressive: images and artefacts are used very effectively as well as more traditional documentary material. Students evidently respond to these sources well in their written work. I have copied the use of online collections of sources in the assessment of some of my own modules ..... and feel that this approach encourages the kind of independence and critical thinking that is essential at degree level." ... (...)
"In my discussions with staff I have been impressed by their knowledge of individual students, and the obvious time and consideration that they give to all the undergraduates that they teach. The feedback provided to students is generally very clear and positive: students at all levels of ability are given explicit and helpful advice on how to improve their work".
"In my time here I have found the staff to be excellent in their teaching and subject knowledge, their assessment and their concern for the students".
A recent Politics graduate who is now a PhD student stated: `My time at Wolverhampton University as a student of Politics was a most constructive and enjoyable one both from an academic point of view, but also from a social and cultural perspective. Academically the modules offered me a first-class education delivered by very competent and dedicated lecturers.'
Students graduating in Politics and History have accessed the School's own Masters courses in cognate subjects, including the current Conflict Studies provision and the prior History MA. In recent years two History graduates of the School have successfully completed PhDs at Wolverhampton University. Teaching, archival work and local government are common destinations of graduates in these subject areas.
On the completion of the course, the student should be able to demonstrate:
2016 Entry
Other Requirements
Students must have studied a minimum of two years post GCSE level. However, it is expected that some applicants will be mature students with work experience, who wish to further their career development. These applicants will be processed through standard procedures, which may involve an interview as part of the process. Please see http://wlv.ac.uk/mature for further information.
Those who do not meet the entry requirements may be offered an alternative course.
|Full time
|Part time #
The University also offers a range of Bursaries and Scholarships in addition to other financial support packages
These fees are applicable for new entrants in 2016/7. If you have any queries regarding the fees listed please contact 01902 321137
These fees are for the current academic year only. Any subsequent years may be subject to an annual increase, usually in line with inflation.
# Undergraduate part-time fees for 50% rate of study
01902 32 22 22


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Pull Up A Chair To Comfortable Living at Wilshire Towers Apartments in Bloomingdale, IL.
Enjoy breakfast in a bright kitchen with natural light and patio/balcony access. Generous, open living rooms offer options for a separate home office or formal dining area. Our large bedrooms are made for comfort and relaxation. Wilshire offers a beautiful community that provides excellent value, convenience and outstanding service. We're close to an array of shops, recreation and exercise centers. Major expressways and thoroughfares are within minutes. At Wilshire Towers, amenities, convenience and a park-like setting converge.
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Fashionable, functional and super comfortable, this Goode Rider™ Techie Seamless Jacket flatters your form as you ride. Slight ruching gives it a feminine touch. Unique gripper dots at the inside hem keep it in place as you move.
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This Arista® Double-Vented Schooling Vest is so comfortable and flattering that it's destined to see lots of use. Beautifully shaped for riding, it's made of light, four-way stretch technical material that keeps you cool. Mesh inserts in key areas only add to you comfort. Two-way front zipper, two zippered pockets and Arista logo.
A linked horseshoe quilting pattern gives the Goode Rider™ Sporty Jacket its distinctive look. Styled for the saddle, this lightweight riding jacket has a form flattering cut, two-way front zipper, reflective details and a removable drawstring hood. A slightly elongated and curved back panel offers great coverage.
A stylish and practical addition to your wardrobe, this Goode Rider™ Action Jacket keeps up with your active equestrian lifestyle. Its tailored fit and reflective details make it ideal for riding. Lightweight tech fleece and trendy nylon quilting keep you comfortable and looking great.


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All cheats, tips and news tagged: tencent
Zynga will shutter Empires & Allies, Dream Zoo, and Zynga City this quarter
Free-to-play Call of Duty in China gives copycats a run for their money
Facebook Game Face-off: The Hardest of the Core Round 2
Facebook Game Face-off: The Hardest of the Core Round 1
Robot Rising on Facebook: Destruction that's meant to be shared
Robot Rising is finally ready to show what Facebook games can do
A case for Robot Rising as the Reese's Cup of Facebook games
Robot Rising, or 'the next evolution in games on Facebook,' hits this fall
So close, yet so far: Call of Duty goes free-to-play ... in China
When Chinese zombies attack, you get new Plants vs Zombies games
The Sims Social is called 'Mo Ni Shi Guang' in China, launches today
CityVille earns two awards in China, builds over 63 million virtual homes
The Sims Social: EA, Tencent will make a Littlehaven in China
Zynga City, the Chinese CityVille, launches on Tencent platforms soon
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Sectors |
HONG KONG Jan 3 Hong Kong shares were set to start at a second successive 19-month high on Thursday, with China Overseas Land & Investment topping percentage gains among Hang Seng Index components after rising 2.3 percent.
The Hang Seng Index was set to open up 0.3 percent at 23,390.5, its highest intra-day level since June 1, 2011. The China Enterprises Index of the top Chinese listings in Hong Kong was indicated to start up 0.7 percent.
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Britain votes for Brexit
All the latest news and analysis as Britain votes to leave the European Union. Full Coverage


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Teradata acquires Big Data Partnership
Big Data Partnership has expertise in disruptive technologies, including Apache Hadoop and helps its clients discover how to become more data driven.
'Affordability will determine success for data players'
Data realizations have declined considerably in last one year and in future affordability and experience will determine success for data players says former Bharti Airtel CEO Sanjay Kapoor.
Government starts consultation for licence use of data it holds
According to government sources, users would not be required to apply for licence, per se, but adhere to terms and conditions of the proposed licence document.
Data mining to be on Power Ministry's app
The mines ministry will soon launch an app for real-time production data, mineral pricing and monitoring of mines.
IIP data not in sync with GDP data
India's industrial production shrank 0.8% in April after expanding for two months, dragged by a 3.1% decline in manufacturing output.
Government requests for Google data hits record high
The United States accounted for the largest share, with 12,523 requests, followed by Germany (7,491), France (4,174) and Britain (3,497).
Wall Street dragged down by weak data, Ford results
Ford's dismal forecast rattled the automobile market, with shares of General Motors falling 4 per cent and Fiat Chrysler 6 per cent.
Airtel cuts effective data rates for prepaid customers
Initial rate cuts are just for prepaid customers.
Over 50% of cloud services and corporate data stored in cloud is uncontrolled: Study
The study surveyed more than 3,400 practitioners worldwide to gain better understanding of key trends in data governance and security practices for cloud-based services.
British economy grows 0.6% in second quarter: Data
Britain's economic growth unexpectedly accelerated in the second quarter from the previous three months, official data showed Wednesday.
Airtel cuts effective data rates for prepaid customers
Initial rate cuts are just for prepaid customers that currently make up more than 90 per cent of subscriber bases, are considered more vulnerable to switching operators.
With data sovereignty, location isn't everything
"A recent Frost & Sullivan report found that 59 % of decision-makers in the region cite cloud computing as their main short-term priority".
Aditi Nayar, ICRA, on June WPI data
In a chat with ET Now , Aditi Nayar, Senior Economist, ICRA, shares her views on June WPI data.
Rupee drops 3 paise to 67.20/$ on mixed US data
The domestic currency had settled 3 paise higher at 67.17 in the previous session on dollar selling by banks and exporters.
Fork Media, Twitter join hands for data
Buzzerati will have access to first-party Twitter data, enabling the platform to aggregate audience demographics, determine trend analysis, consumer interests.
Oil edges lower ahead of US crude inventory data
Global benchmark Brent crude prices were down 5 cents at $46.61 a barrel at 0826 GMT. On Tuesday, the contract settled down 30 cents, or 0.6 per cent.
US to join Facebook data protection case in European Union
"The fact that the US government intervenes in this lawsuit, shows that we hit them from a relevant angle," Schrems said in a statement.
Airtel, Idea's data realisations likely to fall on lower rates
Bharti and Idea have not made any pricing changes in their 1 GB packs, which is the highest selling monthly data pack variant accounting for a minimum 65% .
Fitness trackers may allow hackers to access your personal data
The highest risk came from devices made by Runtastic, Striiv and Xiaomi, with seven to eight potential vulnerabilities out of 10.
Genpact partners with UpGrad for data analytics programme
Genpact will serve as UpGrads' 'knowledge partner' and the two will work closely to create case studies, guest lectures and other curriculum.
Walmart ties up with data analytics firm Plumb5
Walmart operates in India through 21 cash & carries wholesale stores under the brand name of Best Price Modern Wholesale stores.
Takata air bag data manipulation widespread, says Honda Motor Co
The audit for Takata was led by Brian O'Neill, the former president of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, a U.S. automotive testing group, Honda said.
F&O data hint foreign investors growing bullish on India
The build-up of bullish bets during the month is the highest since March 2015 and FPIs have been net buyers of stocks in 9 out of the 11 trading sessions.
Idea cuts rates by upto 67 per cent for big data packs
Its 2 GB data pack is now priced at just Rs 349, as against the earlier price of Rs 449, which will now fetch 3 GB of data.
Data war: Idea again slashes rates by up to 67 per cent
Idea said that the reduced tariff for pre-paid users have gone live across all Idea 4G and 3G provider circles, and postpaid roll-out is underway.
Sluggish data revenue big worry for us: Bharti Airtel's Gopal Vittal
The key objectives for Airtel for now will be boosting data penetration and accelerating data revenues without worrying too much about realisations.
Mines Ministry asks DAE to provide data for auction of mines
Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, unit of DAE, undertakes exploration, establishment and development of atomic minerals in the country.
Assocham proposes to set up National Data Bank
The proposal involves creation of a Central Co-ordination Committee, under guidance of National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS).
Brazil fines Facebook $11.6 million for refusing to surrender data from WhatsApp
WhatsApp is estimated to be used by 100 million Brazilians, making Brazil the second biggest user country after South Africa.
Wall St inches to another high on strong retail sales data
Retail sales rose more than expected in June as Americans bought motor vehicles and a variety of other goods, reinforcing views that economic growth picked up in the second quarter.
Yen slides as solid Chinese data bolsters risk sentiment
For the week, the dollar has jumped 5.6 percent against the yen, putting the greenback on track for its best weekly performance versus the yen since February 1999.
NIC entrusted with task of compiling school education data
To begin with, NIC will be involved in government's Shala Asmita Yojna (SAY) that will have a ready database of 25 crore schoolgoing children.
Airtel Africa 1Q net loss narrows sharply as data consumption grows
Mobile data revenue increased 31.2% to $154 million from a year earlier. Mobile data now represents 16.5% of total revenue compared with 12.9% in the same period a year ago.
Wall Street extends gains on robust manufacturing data
The S&P 500 and the Dow were on track for their best weekly gains since October, recovering sharply from a bruising selloff.
Indian Opera Mini users saved Rs 690 crore in data usage
Opera Mini's compression technology shrinks data by up to 90 per cent, helping users save data.
Sensex, Nifty50 turn green after June WPI data release
The S&P BSE Sensex gained over 50 points in afternoon trade as June wholesale inflation data was reported at 1.62 per cent as compared to 0.79 per cent in May. The NSE's Nifty50 was trading above its crucial level of 8,500 led by gains in PSU Banks, auto, private banks, and FMCG stocks.
Indian households spent the highest on vehicles: NSSO data
However, the difference between enterprise level consumption and domestic consumption came out in the the category getting the second largest budget share.
Growth in telecom business driven by data growth, smart cities showing traction: Anand Agarwal, Sterlite Technologies
"Our current order book is about Rs 2,100 crores and the bulk of the order book in terms of revenues is clearly towards the system integration projects."
Aircel invests in technologies to build on data business
Witnessing a 167% jump in the 3G subscriber base, Aircel is focussing its energies on making data more affordable and improving customer experience.
Airtel moves customer data on an open source platform
The platform is built on open source technology Apache Hadoop. Cloudera offers data management and analytics platform built on Apache Hadoop.
Bonds rally ahead of CPI data, RBI Governor announcement
Consumer prices in June are estimated to have risen 5.73 percent on an annual basis, according to a Reuters poll, a tad lower than May's 5.76 percent, which was the fastest pace since August 2014.
NDA government fudging data to project high growth: Digvijaya Singh
Asked for his views on US Department's observation that India's high growth rates may be overstated, the two-time Madhya Pradesh CM said, "I totally agree."
Data Bank project for registration of migrant workers in Kerala
He was replying to a motion of James Mathew in the house seeking necessary steps for registration of lakhs of migrant workers from others states in Kerala.
Government should clarify after US criticism on growth data: Yashwant Sinha
He said the discrepancy figure of a whopping Rs 1,40,000 crore in 2015-16 may have inflated the growth rate, noting that it stood at only Rs 30,000 crore a year ago.
OECD suspends monthly economic data release due to Brexit fallout
The Paris-based OECD publishes composite leading indicators designed to flag turning points in economic activity every month.
'Telcos' data revenues will double in two years to $11 billion'
"While the 3G/4G adoption has picked up with subscribers tripling over the past two years to 133 million, penetration is still low at mere 13 percent," it says.
China stocks close up after muted inflation data
The CSI300 index of the largest listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen rose 0.3 percent, to 3,203.33, while the Shanghai Composite Index gained 0.2 percent, to 2,994.92 points.
Rupee appreciates 25 paise to 67.11/$ on US jobs data
The US economy added 287,000 jobs in the public and private sectors in June, compared with 175,000 that economists had projected
Global cues, macro-data to steer Indian rupee
Future choppy sessions in the currency markets are expected on the final modalities of Britain's decision to exit from the EU (Brexit).


text:
NJ man admits to cocaine saleApril 10,2014WHITE RIVER JUNCTION A reputed member of the Jersey Boys drug gang was released from jail Tuesday night with credit for time served after pleading guilty to selling cocaine last year in Springfield.
Joseph Black Atkinson, 19, entered his plea in White River Junction criminal court in exchange for a one-year sentence.
In February 2013 a woman told police that Atkinson and two other teenagers from New Jersey barged into her house, took a safe with more than $4,000 in it, and forced her at gunpoint to give them a ride to Springfield.
Much of the case against Atkinson and the other two was thrown out when a judge suppressed large parts of the evidence from the traffic stop in which they were arrested and the subsequent police investigation.
The charge remaining in Atkinsons plea deal involved selling $100 worth of crack cocaine to a police informant in Springfield.MORE IN This Just In
Police say a too-quick reaction to a GPS system's directions sent a Toyota Corolla... Full Story To our readers: This morning we had an issue that has prevented timely delivery of... Full Story
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Hotels near Postal Museum
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Trending now in Willemstad
- Most bookedThe Plaza Hotel Curacao and Casino
126 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The photos on the website are misleading .Staff very helpful ,hotel and rooms run down Roaches and leaks when it rains . My luggage and clothes got wet"
A Traveller, Sep 2015, US
93 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We travelled all the way to Curacao from the UK for a special occasion, and the Kura Hulanda way exceeded our expectations. Such a beautiful, lovingly restored place - part of what's earnt Willemstad UNESCO World Heritage status. It's laid out more along the lines of a village than a hotel, with ..."
A Traveller, May 2016, GB
58 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Brand new Non-Smoking hotel. For business or vacations. Its adjacent to parking building and shopping area. Everything located at walking distance. The area is covered with free wifi. You can walk around while dining or shopping and be connected at all time. Very convenient. The price compared to..."
A Traveller, Mar 2016, US
40 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Hotel staff was super friendly and accommodating. Went the extra mile to make sure our stay was exactly what we expected. Would highly recommend and definitely would stay again. "
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
38 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Nice hotel close to city center. Just a few steps down the alley and you're right smack in the center of shopping area and close to Brion Plein. Room was a bit musty, perhaps it had been closed up for a few days. Would be good to air out the unit before guest arrival if it had been closed up an..."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, US
30 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The staff was very friendly compared to the whole island who tends to be not that great in customer service. Our first room, the a/c was not working well, so we went downstairs to tell them about it and they immediately switched us to another room with a full functioning a/c and a little bit more..."
A Traveller, Nov 2015, US
29 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"good, right in the middle of Willemstad, easy to get around, shops Restaurants had a wonderful stay"
A Traveller, Apr 2016, US
21 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The staff staff was friendly and accommodating. Hotel is located in the center of downtown with great views of the harbour, and an easy walk to the fort, restaurants and shopping. Wi-Fi signal is strong and reliable and free parking conveniently across the street. The photos are probably old or p..."
A Traveller, Mar 2016, US
- Pelikaan HotelNo Guest Reviews yet
12 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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My email is<, firstname.lastname@example.com>
My mother is from DHALL FAMILY ,
Tara Wati/Vidya Wati d/of Sh Gian Chand Dhall of Lahore
working then with Railways
Dear Mr Vijay Talwar,
Many thanks for letting me know more about your family. I would add, as this web site, we visit not daily, unless some notes are directed to me on my email ID, by heritage.com. So would appreciate if U could keep responding on email, as and when U are happy to do so, to get my prompt attention.
One great thing I noticed, that my Grand Father was also at Lahore Station and he worked as Station master, and there is one great story behind it, which I will narate, or possibly see some of my Grand pa stories on my blogs.
I have copied all my conversation today on email also to U.
One of my blogs there is story of Train guard at Lahore Railway Station:
Arun Talwar
Dear Mr Vijay Talwar,
Many thanks for your email, and lettimg me know, names of your ancestors, parents, grand parents and so on. You may like to add up your monther side also, this was not in practice in earlier times, but good idea to include them. It makes tree more relavent, when I send U my web site.
As I am writing to you, its been great last week, when I happen to chat another Talwar family settled in Sweden on skype. Letter writing to around the world, and one such great reply came from Mrs V Talwar, married to German family and is settled in USA, with lot of details of her family and that there forfathers had been in Raja Ranjit Singh army. And that story is there with me also, as my parents told me. Yesterday I chatted with family carrying our surname (21 Yrs old ) who have settled in Kabul, and that they are 3 brothers. I could not get more details, as he was at his work place, for them (Friday is holiday), compared to all we have Sunday off.
I would appreciate, if you could take a bit of time at your leisure, to update the Generation Family Tree (Attached) as many names you could add/ or remember with any memories you may have for your parents/grand parents, or stories told to you. Any dates if U do not remember, place year of birth etc etc. Further for sister Tara (maiden name, which family she came) Talwar. The tree, can be updated to present generation/your grand children etc.
I would love to talk to you sooner as per your busy schedule on any week ends, once I have with me updated form.
Please also let me know, where you are settled and give me your contact details etc, along with email ID for us to correspond. This will also help me to send you my Genealogy Talwar web site, although still in infancy.
Arun Talwar, Eml:firstname.lastname@example.com, Skype ID, talwar1948, Contact no: 64 21 180 3962.
I would appreciate if U could send me your email ID, and contact details, I will try to call you over week end. I am not well, but if all goes well, will do so. Also its very easier to communicate on email as I see daily.You can see my web site, which has names, provided by you for your family.
Best Wishes to you and your family.
64 21 180 3962
Is there anyone out there who has connections to or information about the Sandford family of India? Leslie Harrison Sandford married Dorothy Young born 1900? I have quite a lot of information on the Youngs but very little on the Sandford family. Please help if you can,
do you know anything aboit an Elespt yopung who had son to a thomas kerr.
cheers margarita
Hi there
i am new to this site
i have uploaded my ged com ..
i have just over 45/000 in it . the tree is mainly the Dutch Burgher genealogies of Ceylon and their beginnings..
Also there are families from India England Europe and beyond
Hope to hear from you
laura foenander
I am researching family members that lived in india at the turn of the 20th century.
I am trying to find information about the following people
Leonora Browne who was a doctor
Isabel Browne
Sarah May Brown was a nurse married with no children
Charles Browne was a doctor 1890-1956
Chralotte Katheleen Browne 1878-1956 married Edmund Hussey and was a teacher
Grace Ethel Browne
Ada Violetta Browne 1884-1965 married Charles Vivian Browne She died in the UK
The Brownes used to be called Friis but changed their surname at an unknown date


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If booking your tour within 24 hours of the tour date, please call On Location Tours directly to confirm your tour after purchasing. Number- (212) 683-2027.
Experience Real-Life Film Settings With the NYC TV & Movie Tour
Get ready to experience some movie and television magic in the city that never sleeps. The NYC TV & Movie Tour will take you through some of the most iconic locations in film and television history. You will have the thrilling experience of getting up close and personal with countless TV and movie settings, allowing you to see first-hand where the action has taken place. Your fabulous guided tour will be enthusiastically led by local actors, so come prepared to have fun and sing some of your favorite theme songs!
Tour Attractions
Head over to Times Square, where countless movies have been filmed such as Birdman, the flash mob sequence in Friends with Benefits, a performance of "New York, New York" by the cast of Glee, and scenes from the hit series Girls and the new HBO series Vinyl. Make your way to the Tribeca, where you can conjure up some old-school memories by catching a glimpse of the FDNY Hook & Ladder 8, also known as the Ghostbusters' Firehouse.
Relive some of your most cherished memories by visiting Macy's In Herald Square, where holiday movie magic was made in classics like Miracle on 34th Street and Elf. Take a tour through Greenwich Village, SoHo, and the Meatpacking District, where you'll see the Standard Hotel which houses the Boom Boom Room, that you'll recognize from Gossip Girl and The High Line. This area also features The High Line, a location used in Hitch and Louie. Ride by Bryant Park and the Bank of American Tower to see locations from Trainwreck, Marvel's Jessica Jones and TV Land's Younger.
Your tour will take you to iconic Central Park South and Fabulous Fifth Avenue, where you will see the Plaza Hotel, a landmark featured in several films including American Hustle, The Great Gatsby, Bride Wars, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, and American Hustle. You can also check out the Plaza's Oak Room Bar, which has been featured in several Woody Allen films and Hitchcock's North by Northwest. Snap a photo of the Pulitzer Fountain, which was replicated for the opening credits of Friends, and don't miss out on browsing the amazing collection of jewelry at Tiffany & Co., famous for its appearance in Breakfast at Tiffany's and New Year's Eve.
Book a Tour Today!
Don't miss out on this exciting opportunity to see the settings of your favorite TV shows and films come to life! Book your NYC TV & Movie Tour today!
Tour Length:
3 Hours
Departure Location:
51st Street & Broadway (in front of Ellen's Stardust Diner)
Departure Time:
Daily at 10:00 am. Additional tour on Thursdays and Sundays at 1:30pm.
Voucher Information:
After your online purchase you will be redirected to a page with your voucher. An order confirmation, with a link to your online voucher, will also be e-mailed to you within two hours of completing your purchase. Redeem at any of the visitor center locations listed on the voucher. At the visitor center, simply show your voucher on your mobile phone or bring a printed copy.


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The money question: Utah tries to make sense of sequestration
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News
SALT LAKE CITY — Politics and money.
That's the real definition of "sequester" which is scheduled to kick in Friday and would result in $85 billion in reductions to discretionary federal spending this fiscal year.
It differs from The Fiscal Cliff because the cuts to future federal spending would play out month by month through September. But the rhetoric and political posturing is already 100 percent underway as the sequester is described as Draconian, catastrophic, an economic End of Days that will plunge the country into dire financial straits.
There are only a couple of certainties that emerge from the morass of information that surrounds sequestration: It will have an impact, no one knows for sure what that impact will be or how long it will last, and a whole lot of people and agencies are trying to prepare for the unknown.
Utah Gov. Gary Herbert, who said Utah may see a $550 million hit in federal monies, spent Friday in Washington meeting with other members of the National Governors Association on the threats of sequestration and what it will mean to the individual state budgets.
Critics of the spending reductions — special interest groups and the federal agencies themselves are jockeying to paint a grim scenario of impacts that will visit the lives of every American family before the budget blood-letting is over — should it happen.
The Office of the Press Secretary at the White House warned of 70,000 children being "kicked" off the rolls of Head Start programs across the country, seniors going without four million Meals on Wheels deliveries and a food safety program idled to such an extent that the public would be at risk to food-borne illness.
Other disastrous effects are detailed to happen if Congress and President Barack Obama can't get over their budget disagreements and act to avert the cuts — which represent just shy of 2.4 percent of the overall spending for 2013, according to numbers released by the Congressional Budget Office.
The spending reductions would leave mostly intact big programs like Social Security and Medicaid and would not touch welfare or food stamp programs. Medicare is facing a 2 percent reduction, or $9.9 billion — mostly through provider payments — and the other $28.7 billion in cuts are across the board at all manner of agencies.
Sequestration and Utah
In Utah, most agree the biggest threat would play out at Hill Air Force Base. For the more than 11,000 civilian employees potentially impacted there, it means furloughs of 22 days — one day per week — as the defense budget shoulders its $42.7 billion share of the cut, or 7.9 percent of its budget.
The civilian workforce has already been told what to expect if the spending cuts come through.
"We are talking about a 20 percent cut in pay with families who are already struggling who are going to be struggling more," said Troy Tingey, a 29-year employee at the base.
Tingey is president of Local 1592 of the American Federation of Government Employees, a civilian union representing more than 3,000 workers at Hill.
"They're worried about mortgage payments being completed, auto insurance being made, taking the family out to the movie or to dinner."
One worker stands to lose $384 a paycheck, while others are at risk to drop $450 a pay period.
"People are freaked out," the worker said. "And people in the community don't realize the ripple effect of no longer going to businesses that are near the base."
Tingey said if the furloughs happen, it would be preferable to have them unfold in one big block in September so the public would realize the full effect of a civilian shut-down.
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by Ben Kersey, The Verge
Most parents opt for a low-tech way to walk their children to the bus stop every morning, but Paul Wallich instead dreamed of building a drone that would follow his son on the 400 meter journey....
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Nik Peachey's curator insight, May 31, 1:30 AM
This is a great video channel on YouTube that has loads of short animated and entertaining videos about a wide range of topics. Great for exploiting as learning content in online courses.
elearning at eCampus ULg's curator insight, May 31, 4:26 AM
Nice resources for any one who needs crash courses :-)
Character Minutes's curator insight, June 29, 11:33 AM
Some new data out there plus a good reminder of what we know will students!
Lon Woodbury's curator insight, May 30, 9:56 AM
Obviously, in education, we are going to have to change both the content and way we educate our young. Are we getting with these changes in our schools fast enough? -Lon
Ivon Prefontaine's curator insight, May 21, 9:18 AM
This might be true if the only motives are extrinsic. But, what if learning were the motive? What if students enjoyed coming to school and learning? What if teachers were able to share their passion with others in meaningful and uplifting ways?
Peter Rettig's curator insight, April 15, 8:15 PM
Yes and we are glad that we raised our children bi-lingual right from the start - against much advice to the contrary...


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Your mum ever make you watch Casablanca? Ours too. We're glad we did though, cos now we know a bit about the Europy-African awesomeness of Morocco.
Morocco has been overwhelming hapless travellers for centuries. For out-of-towners, the cities are hard to navigate, seemingly encrypted by some of the best cypher since WW2.
Oh yes, Morocco can be a formidable opponent at times, but there's a reason so many keep travelling back for more: culinary rewards, cultural riches, musical magic and electric experiences await the folk that make the journey.
Buck the system and join a Geckos tour to receive a bounty of local wisdom, designed to maximise your time and minimise your hassles.
You'll get to visit Berber villages in the High Atlas Mountains, sway across Saharan dunes atop a camel, skulk around Fes' impressive medina and chill in Essaouria's cafes. All this can be yours.
Join us in Morocco for the win.
Our Morocco trips
11 Days From $798
Hang in Casablanca before a homestay in Moulay Idriss, see lots of cool old stuff in...
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Arrive in Casablanca then head on to Meknes and Fes. Next up is Midelt, Merzouga and...
Morocco tour reviews
Our Morocco trips score an average of 4.81 out of 5 based on 64 reviews in the last year.
Essential Morocco, June 2016
Matthew Ryan
Overall great company to do a tour with. The tour guide was great. Price was reasonable. Accomodation was good.vWould do another tour with Geckos for sure
Review submitted 06 Jul 2016
Essential Morocco, June 2016
Colleen Cherry
Morocco was a great cultural experience with some amazing scenery and beautiful mosques. The Sahara desert was beyond incredible and a once in a lifetime experience. Do the tipping kitty and make life easier!
Review submitted 05 Jul 2016
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text:
I help my wife with her blog, that mostly consists of posts, so I didn't notice this before. The SEO comments are not showing up under the content on pages. Is this normal behavior or did I mess something up? I am about to make some changes that I was planning to implement on pages, but if SEO facebook comments will not be shown there I will use posts instead, although I'd prefer using pages.
Here is an example
Thanks in advance


text:
Apple could more than double its sales by 2015 to $200 billion, Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster said in a note to clients -- as reported by "MobileBeat" (http://venturebeat.com/2010/12/02/apple-analyst-200-billion-prediction/?...).
According to his projections, this would come mainly on the growth of iPhone sales, from a forecast of 36 million in 2010 to 185 million in 2015. The iOS will share a large part of the market with Google's rival Android operating system, squeezing out smaller players like BlackBerry and Symbian, and should have more than a quarter of the smartphone market by 2015, says Munster.
He...| Read more »


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Sewing Stores in:
We specialize in Handbags, Bridal Accessories, Gift Bags and Stationary. From made-to-order to ready-to-wear, ours is the only boutique of its kind!
I've purchased several handbags from Manisha at Sunisha Designs, and they are well-made, affordable, one-of-a-kind, not to mention beautiful! There are so many different designs to choose from, and you can have Manisha personalize your handbag she creates just for you, or she may already have one that's perfect. First rate!
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I.A.M. Resumes - Life is all about exploration, creativity, and embracing new experience levels while working towards being all that we can be. Thank you for the connection.By on June 03, 2012
Thank you so much for connecting with us on Merchant Circle! www.rutlandguttering.comBy on September 12, 2011
Best wishes for great networking. Please contact Flowers From the Rainflorist at (954) 741-8900 or www.flowersfromtherainflorist.com if there is anything that we can do for you.By on August 13, 2011


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...I have been tutoring math through College Algebra although I have taken classes beyond that. I can also tutor the chemistry class for nurses (Introduction to Chemistry), and Elementary Spanish. **As far as geometry tutoring, I CAN NOT do proofs, but everything else is welcomed. I also do ASVAB and TEAS tutoring for the MATH section only.Algebra is my specialty!
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...I have a good deal of writing resources. I have taken college level Math classes. I got over 700 on each individual SAT I took.
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I am a retired math teacher with 25 years experience teaching basic math, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, pre-calculus and first semester calculus. I have also taught SAT prep and study skills. My experience has been mainly in public schools in San Diego, Boston, and Chicago, but I have also taug...
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I am a retired university professor, and I have thirty years of experience teaching math and science at the college level. This includes courses in basic calculus, introductory physics, numerical methods, quantum theory of molecules and solids, and computational physics. I also have experience in tutoring in high school math and science, including SAT and AP preparation.
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In 1860, the Old Tabernacle was reconstructed, followed in 1861 by a further remodeling that added an extension to the west that became housing for the organ. Brigham Young ordered a unique feature to the building with the addition, a dome roof that appears to have been a prototype for the ultimate fully domed building that is familiar to today's Utahns and many visitors. President Young may have used the remodel to experiment with principles of sound, which ultimately made the Temple Square Tabernacle an acoustical marvel, Henrichsen said.
The remake of the Old Tabernacle was followed in short order — a year later, in fact — by plans for a newer, larger replacement. Original plans for the building did not place the organ at the front of the hall, but revisions were made to build seating for a choir and to accommodate an enormous new organ that President Young asked Ridges to design.
The project, even with several people involved, took more than 10 years. In 1863, Ridges went to Boston to purchase materials related to the project and returned to Utah Territory with an enlarged vision of what the new organ should look like. He visited the Boston Music Hall and its organ, which had been designed and manufactured in Germany. It was undoubtedly the finest then in America and the country's first concert organ.
Could LDS craftsmen replicate such a fine instrument in the frontier West, still isolated from the rest of the country?
They could, and they did.
Photographs of the Boston organ, now located in Metheun, Mass., and the Salt Lake Tabernacle organ show unmistakable likenesses in the arrangement of the visible pipes and in the ornate carved casings of both instruments.
One of the important chapters in the evolution of a world-class organ in Utah Territory was the arrival of a musician to match the instrument.
Joseph Daynes, a musical prodigy, came across the plains in 1862 in the company of a harmonium. He was among those expected to walk but could sometimes cadge a ride on a wagon by playing a tune for its owners. When Brigham Young heard young Daynes, then 11 years old, play, he exclaimed, "We have found our Tabernacle organist." Daynes was, in fact, the primary organist for more than 30 years. His compositions added to the catalog of beloved church music.
The Tabernacle organ was and remains a drawing card for multitudes of visitors to Utah. Its towering pipes soon became a recognized icon, more a symbol of the church even than the Salt Lake Temple, which was still in the building stages long after the organ had become a magnet for visitors.
"People were amazed to find an organ of its stature among those 'pagan Mormons,'" Henrichsen said. "And they still come. They feel the music."
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Braintree is a small town located in the County of Norfolk in the U.S. State of Masachussetts. It is a part of the Greater Boston Area and compromises a total area of about 15 sq. miles. There are a large number of companies that provide employment to the local residents like Haemonetics, Greater Media, Top Source LLC and many other small enterprises.The transportation sector is quite advanced in the area with adequate number of highways and rail transpot facilities. There are about three high schools in the region. Some other interesting points are the birthplace of General Sylvanus Thayer and the Plaza of South Shore. These places attract local touristsround the year. Some prominent residents are Jeremy Adams, John Adams and Henry Adams.

Governor Cuomo Launches $5 Billion Clean Energy Fund To Grow New York's Clean Energy Economy
Clean Energy Fund will advance solar, wind, energy efficiency and other clean tech industries to spur economic development and reduce harmful emissions (New York, NY) Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced the New York State Public Service Commission's approval of a 10-year, $5 billion Clean Energy Fund to accelerate the growth of New York's clean energy economy, address climate change,..


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Top Definition
dance someone does when trying to put on their jacket and have one of the arms on but cant grab other one.
i was in such a rush this morning i did a jacket dance for 30 seconds
by ghbstntbnt May 09, 2009
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