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Scholarship America's Dream Award is a renewable scholarship fund targeted toward completion. We surprised our first group of 12 Dream Award recipients with an announcement on Katie Couric's daytime talk show, Katie; the inaugural class of recipients earned more than $150,000 in scholarships.
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Scholarship America's blog, Success By Degrees, covers items of interest to parents, volunteers, educators and anyone interested in the big issues surrounding education, financial aid and postsecondary success. You'll find policy announcements, news releases and more, every week!

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College News
Pasan parte de su verano en España!
The Department of Modern Languages and Cultures has announced a brand new study abroad program for the summer of 2011. Fisher in Spain is a faculty-led program, provided by Seville's Geranios Language School, a Spanish private institution that has been organizing language immersion programs for almost 30 years.
The program will run from May 21 through June 17, 2011, and will include 20 class sessions, giving students the opportunity to earn seven college credits. But the learning opportunities do not end there. Students may choose to live with another student or live alone with a host family, and the hosts will incorporate the students into their daily lives.
Seville, the fourth largest city in Spain, is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. Students will also enjoy three weekend trips to Córdoba, Cádiz, Granada, and Costa de la Luz.
Courses offered include:
- A combination of LSPN 210: Spanish Culture and Civilization and LSPN 107, 207 or 307: Beginning, Intermediate or Advanced Spanish
- A combination of SOCI 190/GISP 680: Contemporary Issues in Spanish Society (taught in English) PLUS LSPN 107 P5: Beginning Spanish
"We think this program might be attractive for students from all majors, as you do not need to have any prior knowledge of Spanish to participate," said Dr. Francisco Plata, Assistant Professor of Spanish.
The total cost of the program is $6,495 and includes:
- Tuition, 7 college credits
- Full board
- Airfare from Rochester to Seville
- Comprehensive health insurance
- Books/class materials and Internet access
- Transportation to and from airport, and local transportation
- Afternoon activities and weekend trips
- Entry fees for museums and monuments
The application deadline is January 28, 2011, and requires a $1,295 deposit for airline reservations. For more information, please contact Dr. Terry May, Foreign Study Director, email@example.com or 385-8215.
Check out photos from Commencement 2016 on Flickr!
Latest College News Stories
- Pharmacy Students Earn 100 Percent Pass Rate on New York State Licensing Exam
- A Voice for the Community: Pharmacy Professor Serves on Advisory Board for Global HIV Vaccine Study
- Crews Install Cross on Kearney Hall Spire
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- Bob Ward to be Inducted into Red Wings Walk of Fame
- St. John Fisher College a "Great College to Work For"
- Fisher Breaks Ground on New Chapel
- Lavery Library Photos on Display at Museum of African American History


text: sexycazzy ( sexycazzy) wrote in _fandom_icons_, 2010-07-09 20:01:00 sexycazzy sexycazzy _fandom_icons_ 2010-07-09 20:01:00 Previous Share Next Icons - Stargate Universe & Stargate Atlantis Stargate Universe Icons (1-35 - "Pain" & 36-39 were entered for an icon contest)Stargate Atlantis Icons (various episodes, some icons were entered for various icon contests)Teaser: ( Icons are this way... )(ps.to mods, could I have a Stargate Universe tag please for tv show? thanks!) Tags: sci-fi, tv: stargate atlantis Post a new comment Error Anonymous comments are disabled in this journal We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post Anonymously switch LiveJournal Facebook Twitter OpenId Google MailRu VKontakte Anonymously default userpic Insert Bold Insert Italic Insert Underline Insert Strikethrough Insert Link Insert LJ User Insert Photo Insert Media Your reply will be screened Post a new comment Preview comment Help 0 comments Post a new comment 0 comments sebina wrote in _fandom_icons_: ←Glee icons shadedcolor wrote in _fandom_icons_: →challenge icons p.2


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Value Lodge - Gainesville
Value Lodge - Gainesville
Hotel Guest Rating: 5.0/10
2000 Southwest 13th Street
Gainesville, FL 32608
Hotel Freebies Available*
• Free Internet Available show dates
Value Lodge - Gainesville
The University of Florida is a 17-minute walk from ABC Motel Gainesville. It offers free Wi-Fi in public areas and cable TV in every room.The basic, traditionally decorated rooms are equipped with a desk and seating area. There is also a wake up service. Hairdryers are available upon request.The 24-hour front desk at this Gainesville motel offers fax and photocopying services. Guests can enjoy free parking during their stay.Florida Museum of Natural History and Butterfly Rainforest are 2 miles from Gainesville ABC Motel. Kanapaha Botanical Gardens is an 11-minute drive away. ...read more
Value Lodge - Gainesville Amenities
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Fax/photocopying
- Free WiFi
- Heating
- Laundry
- Non-smoking rooms
- Private parking
- Vending machine (drinks)
- Vending machine (snacks)
Hotel Information
Upon check-in photo identification and credit card is required. All special requests are subject to availability upon check-in. Special requests cannot be guaranteed and may incur additional charges. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply.
Hotel Guest Reviews of the Value Lodge - GainesvilleOur hotel ratings and reviews are from real hotel guests. Priceline.com ensures that its reviews are guests-only by proactively sending hotel surveys to customers after they've completed their hotel stays. In the post-stay surveys, priceline.com hotel customers are asked a number of questions about their stay and the hotel. On a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the best, the survey asks guests to rate their overall experience and specifically rate the hotel's cleanliness, staff and location. Priceline.com does not allow site visitors to post unsolicited hotel reviews.
Sort by: All Travelers | Business Traveler(4) | Solo Traveler(1) | Traveling as Couple(3) | Senior Traveler(1) | Group Traveler(1)
Steve from Decatur, GA
November 4, 2015
November 4, 2015
Reasonable rates for a weekend of use. Comfy mattress.
Showers were made for someone about 4 feet tall, sheets had stains and weren't changed while we were there, towels were super uncomfortable.
Thora from Gainesville, FL
June 15, 2015
June 15, 2015
The smell of the room and bathroom with hair peeling tub
Verified Hotel Guest from Bangalore, India
May 5, 2015
Group Traveler
May 5, 2015
Group Traveler
good value for money, rooms reasonably clean. TV was provided. There was even a second working TV in the room but more of a nuisance in terms of space rather than a plus point. Good location.
Two double beds for 4 people - room space somewhat cramped. Wireless did not work in the room - available only in reception.
Donna from Orlando, FL
March 17, 2015
March 17, 2015
Location was the only reason we picked this hotel
Credit card machine didn't work. Had to go to the lobby to get extra towels. Couldn't sleep on the sheets because they were stained and had cig holes. Smelled of mold. THIS PLACE SHOULD BE SHUT DOWN BY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH!!!
Verified Hotel Guest from Alabaster, AL
March 3, 2015
Business Traveler
March 3, 2015
Business Traveler
Incredibly rude front desk staff, and they over booked my room! They were not willing to offer any condolences just told to get out of the front office which i had to convince them to let me in because I am hearing impaired!
Verified Hotel Guest from Maryville, TN
February 24, 2015
Business Traveler
February 24, 2015
Business Traveler
Nice customer service
Location and how noisy it was every night.
Verified Hotel Guest from South Jordan, UT
January 11, 2015
Solo Traveler
January 11, 2015
Solo Traveler
I was hesitant to stay at this place after reading some of the horror-story reviews, but found it to be quite reasonable. Bed was clean and comfortable. Room was clean and without any egregious problems.
Could certainly use some renovations, but not a bad room if you're seeking a cheap place for the night.
Verified Hotel Guest from Longwood, FL
September 16, 2014
Senior Travelers
September 16, 2014
Senior Travelers
Great location for our purpose. Felt safe as it was well lite and parking lot was recently paved. Good price for Gator football night game weekend and didn't need a 2 nite stay.
AC wasn't working 100%. Seems the dial thermostat was stuck and kept it from getting cold, so it was a little bit uncomfortable. If we hadn't gotten in so, late, I would have asked them to look at it.
Shower could have been a lot cleaner.
Louis from Tallahassee, FL
September 15, 2014
Business Traveler
September 15, 2014
Business Traveler
Location. I expected old facilities- and that was the case. The room was very clean and was just right.
Ryan from Houston, TX
January 12, 2014
Business Traveler
January 12, 2014
Business Traveler
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
Reviews of Value Lodge - Gainesville
(1 - 10 of 10 reviews)
(1 - 10 of 10 reviews)
from $45
- Americas Best Value Inn - Gainesville from $54 (0.1mi)
- Days Inn Gainesville University (0.1mi)
- Florida Motel from $40 (0.3mi)
- Quality Inn University from $74 (0.3mi)
- Econo Lodge University Gainesville from $59 (0.4mi)
Most Popular Guest-Rated Hotels in Gainesville
- Residence Inn Gainesville I-75
- Homewood Suites Gainesville
- Hilton University Of Florida Conference Center Gainesville
Most Popular Business-Friendly Hotels in Gainesville
- Country Inn & Suites By Carlson, Gainesville, Fl
- Hilton Garden Inn Gainesville
- Homewood Suites Gainesville
Most Popular Family-Friendly Hotels in Gainesville
- Homewood Suites Gainesville
- Country Inn & Suites By Carlson, Gainesville, Fl
- Residence Inn Gainesville I-75


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- Anonym
- Tyskland, Mann, 41+
- Novise-nomade
- 3 Omtaler
Mein Zimmer war winzig, nicht sauber und das Personal war unfreundlich! Soweit nicht zu empfehlen.
- Anonym
- Brasil, Kvinnelig, 31-40
- Globetrotter
- 28 Omtaler
The breakfast was'nt good. The toilet was awful, the flush was broken. The place is noisy because there's a hostel with parties all night long in front of the hotel. There's a lot of stairs and no elevator. When we fid the check out, tge person of the staff that was there didn't know how to call a taxi!
Hostelworld mobilapper
Bestill mens du er på farten med de nye mobilappene til Hostelworld.


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Time-Zone Processing with Asterisk, Part I
As convenient as it would be to have a reliable database of IP addresses mapped into the right time zones, there is still the problem of handling summer shifts in time. Plus, the estimate comes from a demonstration database that is not guaranteed to be accurate. Therefore, the AGI script is called from within an extension that is used to confirm the estimate or save a new one. For the confirmation step, I created an extension with the number *89 (because 8–9 is the numerical mapping of the letters T–Z). Just as with the previous program, some of the debugging statements are removed for brevity, but the full version is available from the LJ FTP site (see Resources).
This article shows the dial plan information entry in the Asterisk Expression Language (AEL). I started using AEL because it has better control structures and it is much easier to write structured code. For voice menus, the superior control structures in AEL allow much easier validation of input.
A call into the extension begins with a welcome announcement and a call to the script (shown previously) to estimate the time zone. All of the time-zone confirmation greetings are stored in the msg/tz subdirectory of the Asterisk sound library. Asterisk's SIPCHANINFO can be used to get SIP channel information. Specifically, the value of SIPCHANINFO(recvip) is the routable Internet address that the remote device used to register and, therefore, will work even if the remote device is behind a network address translator:
_*89 => { Answer; Playback(msg/tz/tz-wizard-welcome); Set(PEERIP=${SIPCHANINFO(recvip)}); // Geolocate as a first stab at time zone AGI(tz-lookup.pl,${PEERIP}); NoOp(TZ offset from script is ${TZ_OFFSET});
The script returns a guess at the time zone of the IP address used by the SIP peer in the TZ_OFFSET variable. However, the whole purpose of this call is to confirm the offset, so we proceed to a series of confirmation steps. The system starts by giving a confirmation of the time offset from the time in London and uses that to say the time. Asterisk keeps internal time as epoch time (the number of seconds past midnight on January 1, 1970 GMT) and converts it to local time for a given time zone. I am handling any adjustments to the time for summer months with a sledgehammer, which assumes that most of the countries I visit will be on roughly the same schedule as the UK and corrects any errors later in the validation step:
playoffset: Playback(msg/tz/tz-you-are-at); SayDigits(${TZ_OFFSET}); Playback(msg/tz/tz-hours-to-london); playtime: // London time keeps summer time Playback(msg/tz/tz-current-time-is); SayUnixTime($[${EPOCH}+${TZ_OFFSET}*60*60], Europe/London,A \'digits/at\' IMp);
Next, we ask the user to confirm whether the time is correct. The Read() application gets one digit from the user. AEL's switch statement is very handy for working with user input, because it can be used to set up a series of actions for a voice menu quite easily without extensive use of a forest of branching statements.In this case, the switch statement offers the option of a one-hour correction by entering the number 1, an arbitrary correction with the number 2 and an error statement that jumps back to the start of the time readout if anything else is pressed. The only catch in using goto within a switch statement in AEL is that due to the internal representation of the control structures, you must use a fully qualified goto, including the context, extension number and label. My internal extension context is from-internal, so gotos are prefaced with from-internal|*89:
Read(INPUT,msg/tz/tz-confirm-correct,1); switch (${INPUT}) { case 1: goto from-internal|*89|expiry; case 2: goto from-internal|*89|correction; default: Playback(msg/tz/tz-1-or-2-please); goto from-internal|*89|playoffset; };
At the correction label, there is a second option. I expect that summer-time errors will be common in actual use, so I added an expedited one-hour correction that can add or subtract an hour easily. The menu that handles the type of correction and the one-hour correction subroutine is available on the LJ FTP site. In structure, both are similar to the switch statement shown previously.
When I arrive in faraway locations, I am usually quite tired, and my ability to do mental arithmetic is substantially reduced from my capacity when fully functional. Rather than a voice menu to select a location, the menu prompts for the local clock time and computes the time-zone offset from the time in London. The basic algorithm is to obtain the 24-hour reference time in London with Asterisk's STRFTIME function and compute the offset from the time entered by the user. There's a possibility that the resulting offset will be too big or too small, so the script corrects for that:
gmtskew: Read(INPUT,msg/tz/tz-24-hour-prompt,4); Set(REMOTEHR=${INPUT:0:$[${LEN(${INPUT})}-2]}); Set(REFERENCEHR=${STRFTIME(${EPOCH}, Europe/London,%H)}); Set(TZ_OFFSET=$[${REMOTEHR}-${REFERENCEHR}]); // correct for too big/too small offsets if ( ${TZ_OFFSET} > 12 ) { Set(TZ_OFFSET=$[${TZ_OFFSET}-24] ); }; if ( ${TZ_OFFSET} < -12 ) { Set(TZ_OFFSET=$[${TZ_OFFSET}+24] ); }; Return;
When the user confirms the time offset, the changes are saved in the Asterisk database with the DB function. Part of saving the changes is to ask the user for how long the offset should be saved. This code prompts for the number of days, though that part of the code easily can be extended to ask for an expiration date and time. After determining the time when the offset expires, the offset is read back to the caller in both the time at the remote site, as well as the home location. (Note that my home location is US/Pacific; you will need to replace that with your own time zone.)
For record-keeping purposes, four variables are stored with the name of the extension that controls the offset. There is the actual offset, as well as a start time, expiration time and the IP address of the SIP peer. If the device is moved before the end of the offset, we want to re-confirm the time offset automatically:
expiry: Set(NOW=${EPOCH}); Set(CURRENT_OFFSET_TIME=$[ ${EPOCH} + ${TZ_OFFSET}*60*60 ]); Set(DB(tz/${PEERNAME}-TIMESKEW)=${TZ_OFFSET}); Set(DB(tz/${PEERNAME}-TIMESKEW_START)=${NOW}); Set(DB(tz/${PEERNAME}-TIMESKEW_ADDR)=${PEERIP}); Playback(msg/tz/tz-your-offset-of); SayDigits(${TZ_OFFSET}); Playback(msg/tz/tz-hours-relative-to-london); Playback(msg/tz/tz-confirm-time); SayUnixTime(${CURRENT_OFFSET_TIME}, Europe/London,A \'digits/at\' IMp); expiration-confirm: Read(TZ_DURATION,msg/tz/tz-days-active,2); expiration-readout: Set(DB(tz/${PEERNAME}-TIMESKEW_END)= $[${NOW}+24*60*60*${TZ_DURATION}]); Playback(msg/tz/tz-shift-active-for); SayDigits(${TZ_DURATION}); Playback(msg/tz/tz-days); Read(INPUT,msg/tz/1-if-right--2-if-wrong,1); switch (${INPUT}) { case 1: // Everything is OK, read out results NoOp(Go to result read-out); break; case 2: goto *89|expiration-confirm; default: Playback(msg/tz/tz-1-or-2-please); goto *89|expiration-readout; };
for accurate local time...
I'd recommend interfacing to the World Time Engine API.
You can check the timezone info that you're likely to get on the main website @ http://worldtimeengine.com.
It works a treat for one of our IVR services we've got running.
excellent article
Calling people across time zones might prove to be inconveniencing to the receiving party, especially if it's late at night or very early in the morning. This is an excellent article on how to make Asterisk redirect inbound callers to a message informing them that they are calling at inconvenient hours.
Very well written
I find this article to be very useful and I think more articles like this can help us go deeper into Asterisk.
i think so too
my thoughts ... a little bit more informations and i will be an "asterix-magican" :-) ok i´m far away from that but i´m willing to learn and linuxjournal is allways a good resource.
I hope linüx come number one
evden, i hope too :)
To Bruce Byfield: good article, thanks!
linux is good but ..
i hope not! there far to less software development to be number one.
Yes, Great article, I agree
Yes, Great article, I agree with this feature of asterisk seem cool, but I don't think it is very necessary.
A simpler suggestion
Very cool use of Asterisk, but I might suggest a much simpler way of dealing with the problem:
Turn your cell phone off when you don't want people to call you on it. I recently went to Spain and took my GSM cell phone with me, but when I wasn't using it, I turned it off. That way no random calls waking me up in the middle of the night! Sure, it's not as cool as setting up Asterisk to tell callers you're in a different timezone, but for most people it makes a lot more sense.
not while traveling
I want my family to be able to contact me *anytime* while I'm not at home or work. I'll tolerate the occasional wrong number, or mis-calculated time zone difference, rather than cut myself off from my loved ones.
or 2 numbers
Another answer to that is to have 2 numbers, an unlisted one for family and other close people, and a listed one for everybody else. Have them both go through your Asterisk server, and through to your real phone. Disable accepting calls from the listed one when it's not convenient.
You are absolutely right !
I agree with you that two numbers it's very good solutions, btw are there any cell phones with cover two sim cards at time?
Time-Zone Processing
Whether or not you agree with the method used to solve the original problem this solution does a great job of exploring what can be achieved by exploiting the AGI. Hopefully other readers will create equally alternative uses engaging the AGI. After all the purpose here is surely to expand the general awareness of what Asterisk can be made to do. Let's not knock someone down just because we don't agree with their reasoning for a given implementation.
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text: Hillenbrand Company Profile (NYSE:HI) Analyst Ratings Earnings Estimates Dividends Insider Trades Headlines Social Company Profile Chart Analyst Ratings Consensus Ratings for Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI) (?) The ratings breakdown includes the most recent rating from each analyst that has rated the stock within the last twelve months. The ratings score is a calculation of the average number of sell, hold, buy and strong buy ratings (0-1.5 = Sell, 1.5-2.5 = Hold, 2.5-3.5 = Buy, >3.5 = Strong Buy). The consensus price target is a mean average of the most recent price target set by each analyst that has set a price target for the stock in the last twelve months.Ratings Breakdown: 1 Buy Rating(s)Consensus Rating:Buy (Score: 3.00)Consensus Price Target: N/A Analysts' Ratings History for Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI) Show: All Ratings For This Stock Only the Most Recent Rating From Each Brokerage DateFirmActionRatingPrice TargetActions8/28/2015Credit Suisse Group AGUpgradeNeutral -> Outperform 12/17/2014Haywood SecuritiesLower Price TargetBuyC$0.75 -> C$0.65 9/23/2014WunderlichInitiated CoverageBuy$40.00 (Data available from 7/30/2014 forward) Earnings Earnings History for Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI)DateQuarterConsensus EstimateActual EPSRevenue EstimateActual RevenueRelease LinkConference CallActions8/3/2016Q316$0.52$406.70 millionN/A 5/3/2016Q2$0.47$0.41$391.08 million$387.00 millionViewN/A 2/2/2016Q116$0.43$0.41$380.68 million$351.70 millionViewN/A 11/18/2015Q415$0.55$0.55$426.30 million$392.00 millionViewN/A 8/5/2015Q315$0.51$0.52$396.60 million$398.70 millionViewN/A 5/11/2015Q215$0.45$0.49$398.40 million$404.60 millionViewN/A 2/4/2015Q115$0.36$0.46$378.20 million$402.00 millionViewN/A 11/19/2014Q414$0.62$0.61$469.10 million$469.00 millionViewN/A 8/6/2014Q314$0.58$0.57$261.66 million$416.80 millionViewN/A 5/5/2014Q214$0.53$0.54$418.72 million$397.00 millionViewN/A 2/4/2014Q114$0.33$0.34$385.58 million$385.00 millionViewN/A 11/25/2013Q4$0.52$0.50$463.00 million$440.90 millionViewN/A 8/5/2013Q3 2013$0.45$0.48$423.80 million$409.00 millionViewN/A 5/2/2013Q2 2013$0.53$0.49$437.85 million$399.00 millionViewN/A 2/4/2013Q1 2013$0.37$0.41$281.10 million$305.20 millionViewN/A 11/26/20120.50$0.50$253.50 millionViewN/A 8/1/2012$0.35$0.37ViewN/A 5/7/2012$0.50$0.50ViewN/A 2/1/2012$0.36$0.50ViewN/A 11/28/2011$0.36$0.38ViewN/A 5/5/2011$0.51$0.53ViewN/A 2/2/2011$0.45$0.44ViewN/A (Data available from 1/1/2011 forward) Estimates Earnings Estimates for Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI)No earnings estimates for this company have been tracked by MarketBeat.com Dividends Current Dividend Information for Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI)Annual Dividend:$0.81Dividend Yield:2.50%Payout Ratio:53.29% (Based on Trailing 12 Months of Earnings) 39.13% (Based on Current Year Consensus EPS Estimate)36.32% (Based on Next Year Consensus EPS Estimate)Dividend Growth:1.30% (3 Year Average)Dividend History for Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI)AnnouncedPeriodAmountYieldEx-Dividend DateRecord DatePayable DateShare5/12/2016quarterlyC$0.202.63%6/14/20166/16/20166/30/2016 2/26/2016quarterlyC$0.202.88%3/15/20163/17/20163/31/2016 12/3/2015quarterlyC$0.202.66%12/15/201512/17/201512/31/2015 9/4/2015quarterlyC$0.203.07%9/14/20159/16/20159/30/2015 5/8/2015quarterlyC$0.202.77%6/12/20156/16/20156/30/2015 2/26/2015quarterlyC$0.202.54%3/13/20153/17/20153/31/2015 12/3/2014quarterlyC$0.202.45%12/15/201412/17/201412/31/2014 9/4/2014quarterlyC$0.202.42%9/12/20149/16/20149/30/2014 5/9/2014quarterlyC$0.202.56%6/12/20146/16/20146/30/2014 2/27/2014quarterlyC$0.202.65%3/13/20143/17/20143/31/2014 12/4/2013quarterlyC$0.202.79%12/13/201312/17/201312/31/2013 8/28/2013quarterlyC$0.203.12%9/12/20139/16/20139/30/2013 5/7/2013quarterlyC$0.203.18%6/12/20136/14/20136/28/2013 2/27/2013quarterlyC$0.203.16%3/13/20133/15/20133/29/2013 12/5/2012quarterlyC$0.2012/17/201212/31/2012 (Data available from 1/1/2013 forward) Insider Trades Insider Trading History for Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI)Transaction DateInsider NameTitleBuy/SellNumber of SharesAverage Share PriceTotal TransactionActions7/12/2016Christopher H TrainorSVPSell6,504C$32.00C$208,128.00 5/27/2016Joe Anthony RaverCEOSell31,610C$31.02C$980,542.20 3/31/2016Diane R BohmanSVPSell7,695C$30.00C$230,850.00 8/13/2015Kristina A CernigliaCFOSell3,300C$29.87C$98,571.00 7/17/2015David FennellDirectorBuy24,500C$0.11C$2,695.00 7/16/2015David FennellDirectorBuy56,000C$0.11C$6,160.00 6/23/2015David FennellDirectorBuy52,000C$0.16C$8,320.00 6/1/2015David FennellDirectorBuy138,000C$0.18C$24,150.00 5/29/2015David FennellDirectorBuy28,500C$0.19C$5,272.50 5/28/2015David FennellDirectorBuy64,000C$0.20C$12,480.00 5/26/2015David FennellDirectorBuy15,000C$0.20C$3,000.00 5/19/2015David FennellDirectorBuy5,000C$0.21C$1,025.00 5/4/2015David FennellDirectorBuy10,000C$0.21C$2,100.00 4/24/2015David FennellDirectorBuy4,500C$0.23C$1,012.50 3/19/2015Jan M SanterreVPSell3,438C$29.61C$101,799.18 3/13/2015Jan M SanterreVPSell3,254C$30.02C$97,685.08 3/10/2015Jan M SanterreVPSell54,868C$30.80C$1,689,934.40 12/22/2014Joe Anthony RaverCEOSell1,166C$33.26C$38,781.16 12/15/2014Thomas KehlSVPSell1,525C$31.22C$47,610.50 11/26/2014Kimberly K RyanSVPSell1,750C$33.03C$57,802.50 11/10/2014John R ZerkleVPSell30,235C$34.17C$1,033,129.95 10/29/2014John R ZerkleVPSell5,874C$34.00C$199,716.00 10/27/2014David FennellDirectorBuy5,000C$0.44C$2,200.00 9/18/2014Diane R BohmanSVPSell5,000C$33.12C$165,600.00 5/16/2014Scott GeorgeVPBuy1,000C$29.10C$29,100.00 3/18/2014John ZerkleVPSell25,242C$32.00C$807,744.00 3/6/2014Paul Douglas WilsonVPSell24,193C$31.04C$750,950.72 3/4/2014Diane BohmanSVPSell21,029C$30.90C$649,796.10 2/26/2014Thomas KehlSVPSell2,479C$30.05C$74,493.95 2/14/2014Diane BohmanSVPSell7,616C$29.90C$227,718.40 12/26/2013Cynthia LuccheseCFOSell49,419C$29.00C$1,433,151.00 12/26/2013Diane BohmanSVPSell3,808C$29.00C$110,432.00 12/19/2013Cynthia LuccheseCFOSell144,347C$28.61C$4,129,767.67 10/21/2013John R ZerkleVPSell9,283C$29.50C$273,848.50 9/19/2013Diane R BohmanSVPSell3,264C$27.79C$90,706.56 3/12/2013F Joseph LoughreyDirectorBuy12,000C$24.51C$294,120.00 2/14/2013Jan M SanterreVPSell13,491C$24.90C$335,925.90 12/13/2012James A HendersonDirectorBuy1,000C$21.25C$21,250.00 (Data available from 1/1/2013 forward) Headlines Latest Headlines for Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI)DateHeadline07/30/16 03:57 PMFest offers contests, good music and fun07/29/16 10:27 AMHillenbrand (HI) to Report Q3 Earnings: What's in Store? - 07/26/16 03:58 PMHillenbrand Schedules Third-Quarter 2016 Earnings Call for August 4, 2016 - [at noodls] - BATESVILLE, Ind., July 26, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Hillenbrand, Inc. (NYSE: HI) will hold a conference call and simultaneous webcast Thursday, August 4, 2016, at 8:00 a.m. ET. They will discuss the results ...07/22/16 07:21 AMHillenbrand Inc Common Stock (HI) Position Up in Latest Report from Clarkston Capital Partners LLC Last Quarter07/21/16 01:06 PMETF's with exposure to Hillenbrand, Inc. : July 21, 2016 - 07/18/16 02:50 PMHillenbrand, Inc. – Value Analysis (NYSE:HI) : July 18, 2016 - 07/14/16 04:35 PMSr VP, Chief Adm Officer of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI), Bohman Diane R, sells 9,576 shares worth $306,43207/13/16 04:48 PMSenior Vice President of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI), Trainor Christopher H, sells 6,504 shares worth $208,12807/11/16 08:49 AMHillenbrand, Inc. breached its 50 day moving average in a Bullish Manner : HI-US : July 11, 2016 - 07/03/16 08:52 AMFormer Bayer and Pharmacia Senior Executive Rolf A. Classon Joins the Sequana Medical AG Board as Chairman06/27/16 10:00 AMHillenbrand, Inc. breached its 50 day moving average in a Bearish Manner : HI-US : June 27, 2016 - 06/27/16 08:49 AMAnalysts Forecast 11% Gains Ahead For The Holdings of EZM06/25/16 04:08 PMHI Makes Notable Cross Below Critical Moving Average06/17/16 04:21 PMSherman House workers could total 10406/17/16 07:18 AMHillenbrand, Inc. breached its 50 day moving average in a Bearish Manner : HI-US : June 17, 2016 - 06/14/16 08:17 AMHillenbrand Stock Trades Ex-Dividend Tuesday (HI) - 06/04/16 07:05 AMIndiana, a great place to do business06/02/16 12:09 PMOption Seller Under Investigation By SEC - 06/02/16 07:11 AMArmstrong Spin-Off: Revenue Growth + Margin Expansion + Valuation Expansion = Huge Upside - First of all, the CEO of AFI, Don Meier, has extensive experience turning around companies at TPG (a major private equity company), Freescale Semiconductors, and Hillenbrand Industries. As such, he seems well suited for the job. The company has spent that ...06/01/16 05:51 AMHILLENBRAND, INC. Files SEC form 8-K, Regulation FD Disclosure, Financial Statements and Exhibits - 05/11/16 04:07 PMHillenbrand Declares Third Quarter Dividend of $0.2025 Per Share - [at noodls] - BATESVILLE, Ind., May 11, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- The board of directors of Hillenbrand, Inc. (NYSE: HI) has declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.2025 per share on the company's common stock. ...05/10/16 12:04 PMHILLENBRAND, INC. Financials - 05/09/16 02:25 PMETF's with exposure to Hillenbrand, Inc. : May 9, 2016 - 05/09/16 08:13 AMAccounts Payable Update From Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) - Investor Newswire - Accounts Payable Update From Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI)Investor NewswireAt the close of fiscal 2015-09-30, the accounts payable change forHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) was $-76.6 millions. For the quarter ended 2015-09-30 it came in at $-76.6 millions. For the fiscal ended 2015-09-30, the current deferred tax assets were $21.9 ...and more »05/06/16 09:31 AMHillenbrand, Inc. :HI-US: Earnings Analysis: Q2, 2016 By the Numbers - 05/05/16 08:23 AMHillenbrand Inc (HI) is Trading Lower on Unusual Volume for May 03 - Equities.com - Hillenbrand Inc (HI) is Trading Lower on Unusual Volume for May 03Equities.comHillenbrand Inc (HI) experienced unusually high volume on May. 03, as the stock lost 0.93% to a closing price of $29.99. The stock saw 415,778 shares trade hands over the course of the day on 2,683 trades. Given that the stock's average daily volume ...and more »05/05/16 08:23 AMHillenbrand Continues to Battle 'Market Headwinds' - Batesville-based Hillenbrand Inc. (NYSE: HI) is reporting second quarter net income of $26.1 million, compared to $30.7 million during the same period last year. The manufacturer recently closed on its $132 million acquisition of Red Valve Co. Inc., as ...05/04/16 12:40 PMEdited Transcript of HI earnings conference call or presentation 4-May-16 12:00pm GMT - 05/04/16 06:57 AMHillenbrand Inc.: Hillenbrand Reports Second Quarter Earnings with Continued Margin Improvement Despite Market ... - The Wall Street Transcript - Web Breaking NewsHillenbrand Inc.: Hillenbrand Reports Second Quarter Earnings with Continued Margin Improvement Despite Market ...The Wall Street TranscriptAs a result of continued utilization of the Hillenbrand Operating Model in pursuit of profitable growth, adjusted EBITDA margin of 14.8% in the quarter was 40 basis points higher than the prior year, driven by the addition of Abel and Red Valve ...Hillenbrand, Inc. (HI) Announces Earnings ResultsWeb Breaking NewsHillenbrand Posts Q2 EPS Beat, Misses on Revenue; Guides FY16 EPS In Line (NYSE:HI)Sonoran Weekly ReviewHillenbrand (HI) Releases Earnings Results, Misses Expectations By $-0.06 EPSMarket Digestall 4 news articles »05/04/16 06:57 AMShares now down at $29.99 Hillenbrand Reports Second Quarter… - Hillenbrand Inc Common Stock (NYSE:HI): Hillenbrand Reports Second Quarter Earnings with Continued Margin Improvement Despite Market Headwinds. The company is now down since yesterday's close of $30.27. The company announced a dividend which was paid on ...05/03/16 04:30 PMHillenbrand Reports Second Quarter Earnings with Continued Margin Improvement Despite Market Headwinds - [at noodls] - BATESVILLE, Ind., May 3, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Hillenbrand, Inc. (NYSE: HI) reported results today for the second quarter of fiscal 2016 that ended March 31, 2016. ... This is an abstract of the original ...05/03/16 04:24 PM5:24 pm Hillenbrand beats by $0.02; sees FY16 at low end of prior range - 05/03/16 06:07 AMQ2 2016 Hillenbrand Inc Earnings Release - After Market Close - 05/02/16 08:53 AMHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Basic Consolidated EPS At $1.7911 - Investor Newswire - Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Basic Consolidated EPS At $1.7911Investor NewswireThe basic EPS generating from continuing operations as announced by Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) for the period ended 2015-09-30 was $1.7911. For the quarter ended 2015-09-30, this number was $1.7911. For any specified firm's shares there are multiple ...and more »05/01/16 08:14 AMHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) ABR of 1.5 - Investor Newswire - Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) ABR of 1.5Investor NewswireAnalysts have a buy call on Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) stock. As of 2016-04-29, the stock has an ABR of 1.5. This rating comes on a scale of 1-5, where one makes a strong buy call, and 3 indicates Strong Sell. This ABR computation is done on basis of 2 ...and more »05/01/16 08:14 AMHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Accounts Payable Stood At $104.3 Millions For The Year - Investor Newswire - Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Accounts Payable Stood At $104.3 Millions For The YearInvestor NewswireHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) posted accounts payable of $104.3 millions for the fiscal year ended 2015-09-30. For the quarter ended 2015-09-30 accounts payable was $104.3 millions. The difference in accounts payable of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) at the ...and more »04/30/16 08:27 AMHillenbrand Inc (HI) is Trading Lower on Unusual Volume for April 28 - Equities.com - Hillenbrand Inc (HI) is Trading Lower on Unusual Volume for April 28Equities.comHillenbrand Inc (HI) experienced unusually high volume on Apr. 28, as the stock lost 0.49% to a closing price of $30.51. The stock saw 826,533 shares trade hands over the course of the day on 1,644 trades. Given that the stock's average daily volume ...and more »04/29/16 10:27 AMHillenbrand (HI) to Report Q2 Earnings: What's in Store? - 04/27/16 04:46 PMHillenbrand Schedules Second-Quarter 2016 Earnings Call for May 4, 2016 - [at noodls] - BATESVILLE, Ind., April 27, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Hillenbrand, Inc. (NYSE: HI) will hold a conference call and simultaneous webcast Wednesday, May 4, 2016, at 8:00 a.m. ET. They will discuss the results ...04/23/16 08:48 AMUpgrades And Downgrades For Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) - Risers & Fallers - Upgrades And Downgrades For Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI)Risers & FallersRecently stock market analysts have updated their consensus ratings on shares of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI). The latest broker reports which are currently outstanding on Friday 22nd of April state 0 analysts have a rating of "strong buy", 0 analysts ...04/22/16 08:38 AMHillenbrand Wins Award for Acquisition of ABEL Pumps - [at noodls] - BATESVILLE, Ind., April 22, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Hillenbrand, Inc. (NYSE: HI) received the M&A Advisor's 2016 Award for Cross Border Regional Deal of the Year. The award was given for Hillenbrand's95 million ...04/21/16 09:31 AMHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Reported Basic Consolidated EPS Of $1.7911 - Investor Newswire - Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Reported Basic Consolidated EPS Of $1.7911Investor NewswireHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) posted net basic EPS of $1.76 for the annual period closed 2015–0-9-30. For the quarter, this basic net EPS came at $1.76 for the quarter closed 2015–0-9-30. The average basic shares outstanding for the fiscal ended 2015–0-9 ...and more »04/20/16 09:51 AMBroker Roundup For Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) - Share Trading News - Broker Roundup For Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI)Share Trading News08/28/2015 – Hillenbrand Inc was upgraded to "outperform" by analysts at Credit Suisse. 09/23/2014 – Wunderlich began new coverage on Hillenbrand Inc giving the company a "buy" rating. They now have a USD 40 price target on the stock. 05/15/2014 ...04/12/16 12:25 PMSales Of $1614.1 Is Expected For Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) - Investor Newswire - Sales Of $1614.1 Is Expected For Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI)Investor NewswireThe mean of the annual revenue estimate of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) is $1614.1 and the median is $1614.1 as anticipated by 1 analysts for the period ended 3. The highest estimate is set at $1614.1 while lowest projection stands at $1614.1. The ...04/12/16 12:25 PMCan Shares Of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Hit $40? - Investor Newswire - Can Shares Of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Hit $40?Investor NewswireHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) has a total of 1 Strong Buy advice and 0 Strong Sell calls as of 2016-04-12. One month earlier, the total count of strong buy recommendations was 1 and strong sell was 0. The mean analyst rating was 1.5. A month earlier, the ...and more »04/12/16 12:25 PMHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) ABR At 1.5 - Investor Newswire - Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) ABR At 1.5Investor NewswireBrokerages maintain a strong outlook on Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) shares. Based on the Zacks poll results, as of 2016-04-12, the stock has an ABR of 1.5 rating. This number highlights the scoring on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 implies Strong Buy and 5 ...and more »04/12/16 12:25 PMBroker Changes For Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) - Risers & Fallers - Broker Changes For Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI)Risers & FallersRecently stock market analysts have updated their consensus ratings on shares of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI). The latest broker reports which are currently outstanding on Tuesday 12th of April state 1 analyst has a rating of "strong buy", 2 analysts "buy ...04/12/16 12:25 PMHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI)'s 52-Week Price Target At $37.33 - Investor Newswire - Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI)'s 52-Week Price Target At $37.33Investor NewswireThomson Reuters completed its industry survey and following that it has given a 52-week price estimate of $37.33 to Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) stock. It is the average of the price estimates given by the brokerages during First Call survey. Last year ...and more »04/12/16 12:25 PMHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) 50-Day Moving Average At $28.70 - Investor Newswire - Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) 50-Day Moving Average At $28.70Investor NewswireThe technical analysis of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) stock highlights that it is trading $0.00 points away +0.01% from its 50-day MA of $28.70. Further it is trading $0.27 or +0.94% away its 200-day MA of $28.43. After considering the last trading ...and more »04/09/16 11:50 AMHillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Latest Broker Views - Risers & Fallers - Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI) Latest Broker ViewsRisers & FallersA number of investment brokers have recently updated their price targets on shares of Hillenbrand Inc (NYSE:HI). According to the latest broker reports outstanding on Friday 8th of April, 1 analyst has a rating of "strong buy", 2 analysts "buy", 1 ... Social About Hillenbrand Hillenbrand, Inc. is a global diversified industrial company that makes and sells business-to-business products and services for a variety of industries. The Company has two segments: the Process Equipment Group and Batesville. The Process Equipment Group has multiple brands of process and material handling equipment and systems serving a variety of industries worldwide. The Process Equipment Group product portfolio includes products and services for compounding, extrusion, and material handling; crushing and sizing, and screening and separating. Batesville is engaged in the North American death care industry, where it has been designing, manufacturing, distributing, and selling funeral service products and solutions. Industry, Sector and Symbol: Sector: Consumer Staples Industry: Diversified Machinery Sub-Industry: Specialized Consumer Services Exchange: NYSE Symbol: HI CUSIP: 43157110 Key Metrics: Previous Close: $32.3550 Day Moving Average: $30.99200 Day Moving Average: $29.37P/E Ratio: 21.28P/E Growth: 1.22Market Cap: $2.04BBeta: 1.21Current Year EPS Consensus Estimate: $2.07 EPSNext Year EPS Consensus Estimate: $2.23 EPS Additional Links: View HI on Google FinanceView HI on Yahoo FinanceView HI's Company Profile on ReutersSearch for Hillenbrand Inc. on Google Hillenbrand (NYSE:HI) Chart for Saturday, July, 30, 2016


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 29, 1995
|Filing date
|Jul 9, 1993
|Priority date
|Nov 20, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Paul A. Hoisington, Edward R. Moynihan, David W. Gailus
|Original Assignee
|Spectra, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (59), Classifications (20), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 07/615,893, filed on Nov. 20, 1990, U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,315.
This invention relates to ink jet heads having piezoelectric transducers for use in ink jet systems and, more particularly, to a new and improved ink jet head having a thin-film piezoelectric transducer.
In certain ink jet systems, the ink jet head contains ink chambers in which one wall or wall portion is provided by a plate-like piezoelectric element which moves laterally so as to expand or contract the volume of the chamber in response to electrical signals. Heretofore, such plate-like piezoelectric transducers have consisted of a continuous sheet of piezoelectric material forming the transducers for a series of adjacent ink jet chambers, as described, for example, in the Fischbeck et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,584,590, or of individual plate-like piezoelectric elements disposed adjacent to each ink jet chamber, as disclosed, for example, in the Cruz-Uribe et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,595. Moreover, as described in the Cruz-Uribe et al. patent, the individual transducers may, for example, be formed by etching to remove material from a single continuous sheet of piezoelectric material, leaving separate discrete transducers. Such conventional sheet-form piezoelectric materials are made, for example, by shaping green material into sheet form and firing, and they have a minimum thickness of about 3-5 mils (75-125 microns).
Because the extent of bending of a piezoelectric sheet material for a given applied voltage application is inversely proportional to the thickness of the sheet, the use of transducers having a minimum thickness of about 5 mils (125 microns) requires an ink chamber with a relatively large piezoelectric wall area in order to eject an ink drop of specific size, such as 80 picoliters. As a result of the large chamber wall area requirement, correspondingly large chamber size and orifice spacing, as well as ink jet head size, are required.
Sheet piezoelectric materials have further innate disadvantages in manufacturability. The materials tend to be fragile, which makes processing expensive. In addition, the sheet material must be bonded to at least one other part, which is generally a demanding process.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved ink jet head which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
Another object of the invention is to provide an ink jet head having a piezoelectric transducer which is capable of larger deflection for a given voltage than prior art transducers.
A further object of the invention is to provide an ink jet head having a plurality of ink jet chambers in a closely-spaced array and corresponding orifices with smaller spacing than conventional ink jet heads.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an ink jet head having a piezoelectric transducer of reduced thickness so as to provide increased bending for a given voltage application.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide an ink jet head having a chamber-forming semiconductor transducer substrate which enables integration of electronic components for operation of the ink jet head.
An additional object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for making an ink jet head in a simple and convenient manner to provide improved characteristics.
These and other objects of the invention are attained by forming one or more electrodes on a substrate, forming a thin film of piezoelectric material on the electrode, and forming one or more electrodes on the opposite surface of the thin film of piezoelectric material. Preferably, the substrate is an etchable material and a portion of the substrate is removed by etching to produce an ink jet chamber for which the electroded piezoelectric thin-film material forms one wall portion. In a preferred embodiment, an array of adjacent ink jet chambers is formed in a semiconductor substrate containing integrated circuit components and the thin film of piezoelectric material provides the transducers for all of the ink jet chambers, an orifice plate being affixed to the opposite side of the substrate to provide an orifice for each ink jet chamber.
Preferably, the etchable substrate is a silicon substrate of the type used in preparing integrated circuit chips, and the circuitry and components used to actuate the piezoelectric elements, such as drive pulse switches and memory elements, are formed on the surface of the substrate in accordance with the usual semiconductor integrated circuit processing techniques. Similarly, the electrodes for both sides of the thin-film piezoelectric layer are preferably applied in accordance with semiconductor integrated circuit technology using, for example, a photoresist material to define the electrode patterns for opposite surfaces of the transducer prior to and after deposition of the thin-film piezoelectric material.
In order to provide a thin-film layer of piezoelectric material having sufficient strength to eject ink in response to application of the desired potential while avoiding cracking of the film during preparation or subsequent thereto, the film is preferably formed by depositing one or more layers of piezoelectric material using conventional thin-film techniques, such as sol-gel, sputtering or vapor deposition. In order to create a desirable small, uniform grain structure in the piezoelectric layer, the film is preferably fired and annealed with a rapid thermal annealing technique.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from a reading of the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGS. 1(a)-1(f) are schematic cross-sectional illustrations showing the successive stages in a typical process for preparing a thin-film piezoelectric transducer and ink jet chamber in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a representative circuit arrangement for controlling the operation of an ink jet head and containing electrodes formed on one surface of a semiconductor substrate for a thin-film piezoelectric transducer;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing an ink jet chamber with a thin-film piezoelectric transducer in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; and
FIGS. 4-6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the invention.
A typical process for preparing an ink jet head having ink chambers with a thin-film piezoelectric transducer in accordance with the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1(a)-1(f). In FIG. 1(a), an etchable semiconductor substrate 10, such as an N-type silicon substrate wafer with a [1,1,0] crystal orientation having a thickness of about 6 mils (150 microns) is first oxidized in steam at 1000� C. in the usual manner to form a 2500Å thick silicon oxide layer 11 which will act as a dielectric and an etch barrier. For use as an ink chamber plate in a hot melt ink jet head, silicon provides desirable mechanical, electrical and thermal properties and is a highly suitable substrate for thin-film deposition and photoresist processes. It also permits the incorporation of suitable system control components on the same substrate by integrated circuit techniques as described hereinafter. To enable etching of the substrate a [1,1,0] crystal orientation is desirable.
Thereafter, a layer 12 of conductive material about 0.2 micron thick is applied to the silicon oxide layer. The conductive layer 12 may be a sputtered or a vacuum-evaporated aluminum, nickel, chromium or platinum layer or an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer deposited by a conventional sol gel process.
As shown in FIG. 1(b), a conventional photoresist layer 13, spin-coated on the conductive layer 12, is exposed by ultraviolet rays 14 through a mask 15 and developed to harden the resist layer 12 in selected regions 16 in accordance with a conductor pattern which is to be provided on one side of the piezoelectric layer. The unhardened photoresist is removed, the exposed metal layer 12 is etched in the usual manner, and the photoresist is stripped off, leaving a conductive electrode pattern 17 on the layer 11, as shown in FIG. 1(c).
A thin film 18 of lead zirconium titanate (PZT) piezoelectric material is applied to the electroded substrate 10 by the sol gel process described, for example, in the publication entitled "Preparation of Pb(ZrTi)O3 Thin Films by Sol Gel Processing: Electrical, Optical, and Electro-Optic Properties" by Yi, Wu and Sayer in the Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 64, No. 5, 1 Sep. 1988, pp. 2717-2724. While the PZT film strength increases with increasing thickness, the magnitude of the PZT bending in response to a given applied voltage decreases with increasing thickness, as described above. Accordingly, the film thickness should be the minimum necessary to withstand the stresses applied to the film during ink jet operation. For ink jet systems having orifice and ink chamber sizes in the general range described herein, and using inks having operating viscosities in the range of about 1-40 cps, the PZT film should have a thickness in the range of about 1-25 microns, preferably about 2-10 microns, and, desirably, about 3-5 microns. If the film thickness is greater than a few microns, the film is preferably prepared by depositing it in several layers, each from 0.1 to 5 microns thick depending on the sol-gel solution used, to avoid cracking of the film and to assure a small perovskite grain size.
The coated substrate is then fired at about 600� C. to create a solution of the PZT components, cooled, and finally annealed. Preferably, rapid thermal annealing is used to reduce the cycle time and to assure a small, uniform grain structure necessary for good mechanical performance. This may be accomplished by heating the coated substrate at a rate of about 100� C. per second to approximately 600� C. and maintaining it at that temperature for about 10 seconds, after which the coated substrate is cooled to room temperature in about 30 seconds by inert gas circulation. This provides a uniform, small PZT grain size of about 0.3 microns.
The PZT film 18 is then coated with another layer 19 of conductive material, such as aluminum, nickel, chromium, platinum or ITO, and, as illustrated in FIG. 1(d), a photoresist layer 20 is coated on the conductive layer and then exposed to ultraviolet rays 21 through a mask 22 and developed to produce hardened regions 23. Thereafter, the unhardened photoresist is removed and the exposed portion of the conductive layer 19 is etched to provide a pattern of electrodes on the upper side of the PZT film 18 corresponding to the hardened regions 23. The resulting upper electrode pattern 24 is shown in FIG. 1(e). Following formation of the electrode pattern 24, a protective layer 25 of polyimide material is spin-coated on the top surface of the PZT layer to protect that layer and the electrode pattern.
In certain transducer arrangements with interdigitated electrodes, as described in the copending Hoisington et al. application Ser. No. 07/615,898, filed Nov. 20, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,202,703 electrodes are required on only one surface of the piezoelectric film. In such cases, the step of forming electrode patterns on one side of the film may be eliminated.
In order to produce the ink chambers which are to be acted upon by the PZT layer, the opposite side of the silicon substrate 10 is coated with a photoresist layer 26 and exposed to ultraviolet light rays 27 through a mask 28 and developed to provide a pattern of hardened photoresist regions 29. The unhardened photoresist is then removed and the exposed silicon is etched down to the silicon oxide layer 11 to produce a pattern of ink chamber cavities 30, as shown in FIG. 1(f).
After the ink chambers 30 have been formed, the polyimide coating 25 on the top surface is removed by etching at locations where electrical contacts are to be made to the top electrodes, and both the polyimide layer and the PZT film are etched away in locations where contacts to the bottom electrodes are desired. Gold is then sputtered through a mask onto these locations so that wire bonds or pressure contacts may be used for electrical connections and an orifice plate is bonded to the lower surface of the substrate 10 to close the ink chambers and provide an orifice for each chamber in the usual manner. By appropriate energization of the electrode patterns 17 and 24, the thin-film piezoelectric transducer layer 18 may be selectively deformed in each chamber 30 in the usual manner so as to eject ink from the chamber through the corresponding orifice.
FIG. 2 illustrates schematically a representative conductor pattern applied to the upper surface of a coated substrate to energize the electrode patterns 24 opposite each of the ink chambers 30. In the top plan view shown in FIG. 2, the elongated shape of each of the ink chambers 30 in the underlying substrate is illustrated in dotted outline as are the orifices 31, which are centrally positioned with respect to each ink chamber, and two ink supply apertures 32, one at each end of each ink chamber, which are connected to an ink supply (not shown).
In the schematic representation of a typical embodiment shown in FIG. 2, selected electrodes in each of the patterns 24 are connected through corresponding conductors 33, 34, 35 and 36 to appropriate contact regions 37 aligned adjacent to the edges of the substrate 10 and exposed to permit bonding of wires or engagement by pressure contacts. A corresponding conductor pattern is provided beneath the PZT layer to supply potential to the underlying electrode patterns 17 (which are not illustrated in FIG. 2) from appropriate contact regions 37.
If the substrate 10 is a silicon wafer of the type used in semiconductor processing, various ink jet system control components may be provided on the same substrate using conventional semiconductor integrated circuit processing technology. Such components may include a transducer drive unit 38 containing conventional switches and other electronic components required to supply the appropriate electrical pulses to actuate the transducer elements, a nonvolatile memory unit 39 containing semiconductor storage elements to store information relating, for example, to calibration of the ink jet head to provide appropriate firing times and pulse amplitudes for the ink jet system in which it is used, a temperature-sensing and control unit 40 and a related thin-film heating element 41 to detect and maintain the correct temperature for proper operation of the ink jet head, and a drop counter 42 to count drops of each type of ink ejected by the ink jet head and provide a warning or shut-off signal when an ink supply is nearly depleted.
In a typical ink jet system utilizing thin-film piezoelectric transducers of the type described herein, a single silicon substrate may be formed with a series of adjacent ink chambers approximately 3.34 mm long, 0.17 mm wide and 0.15 mm deep and spaced by about 0.13 mm so as to provide a spacing between adjacent orifices of about 0.3 mm. With this arrangement, a 300-line per inch (11.8-line per mm) image can be obtained by orienting the angle of the aligned orifices at 33.7� to the scan direction. Moreover, a silicon substrate containing 48 ink jets with associated drivers, memory and temperature-control circuitry can be provided on a single chip measuring about 10 mm by 15 mm.
In an alternative structure illustrated in the enlarged view of FIG. 3, a silicon substrate 10 having an orifice plate 43 affixed to the lower surface to provide an orifice 31 for each chamber 30 is coated on the upper surface with a thin metal barrier layer 44 of platinum, nickel or the like about 0.2 microns thick and a dielectric layer 45 of aluminum oxide, also about 0.2 microns thick, is applied over the metal barrier layer. Thereafter, the electrode patterns and the PZT film 18 are applied in the manner described above with respect to FIG. 1. With this arrangement, the PZT film is effectively protected from attack by constituents of the ink contained in the chamber 30.
Moreover, the thin-film piezoelectric transducer described herein need not be combined with a silicon substrate which is etched to form the ink chambers. Instead, if desired, after the thin-film transducer and associated electrodes have been prepared in the manner described herein, the upper surface of the assembly may be affixed to another substrate having the desired ink chamber pattern and the silicon substrate may be etched away. With this arrangement as shown in FIG. 4, the thin-film PZT 18 may be further protected by an optional intervening membrane or other flexible support member 50 interposed between the PZT film 18 and the new substrate 51 containing the ink chambers. In addition, if the silicon substrate is removed entirely, two thin-film PZT transducer layers 52 and 53 may be mounted on opposite sides of a membrane 54, which is then mounted on another substrate 55 containing the desired ink jet chamber pattern as shown in FIG. 5, thereby increasing the ejection pressure available for a given applied voltage. As another alternative, multiple layers of thin-film PZT transducer 56 and associated electrode patterns 57 may be applied in succession to the same substrate 58 to produce increased displacement of the transducer for a given applied voltage as shown in FIG. 6.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, many modifications and variations therein will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, all such variations and modifications are included within the intended scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 4, 1979
|Oct 20, 1981
|Xerox Corporation
|Ink jet method and apparatus using a thin film piezoelectric excitor for drop generation with spherical and cylindrical fluid chambers
|Nov 2, 1979
|Jan 19, 1982
|Dataproducts Corporation
|Impulse jet head using etched silicon
|Jun 29, 1981
|Dec 25, 1984
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Three electrode piezoelectric ceramic resonator
|May 20, 1985
|Apr 22, 1986
|Xerox Corporation
|Shear mode transducer for drop-on-demand liquid ejector
|Nov 4, 1985
|May 26, 1987
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Stimulator for inkjet printer
|Nov 6, 1985
|Jul 14, 1987
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Impulse ink jet print head and method of making same
|Feb 29, 1988
|Apr 25, 1989
|Spectra, Inc.
|Shear mode transducer for ink jet systems
|Dec 2, 1988
|Nov 26, 1991
|Spectra-Physics, Inc.
|Method of determining useful life of cartridge for an ink jet printer
|Dec 9, 1991
|Dec 29, 1992
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Ink jet substrate including plural temperature sensors and heaters
|Nov 20, 1990
|Apr 13, 1993
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|Piezoelectric transducers for ink jet systems
|Title not available
|Lonis, Robert A.; "Storage of Operating Parameters in Memory Integral with Printhead", Xerox Disclosure Journal; vol. 8, No. 6 Nov./Dec. 1983; p. 503.
|Lonis, Robert A.; Storage of Operating Parameters in Memory Integral with Printhead , Xerox Disclosure Journal; vol. 8, No. 6 Nov./Dec. 1983; p. 503.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 10, 1995
|Nov 25, 1997
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|Perovskite thin-film ink jet transducer
|Mar 31, 1994
|Apr 21, 1998
|Compaq Computer Corporation
|Ink jet printhead with built in filter structure
|Apr 19, 1996
|May 19, 1998
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head with pressure chambers arranged along a 112 lattice orientation in a single-crystal silicon substrate
|Nov 22, 1995
|May 26, 1998
|Francotyp-Postalia Ag & Co.
|Module assembly for an ink-jet printer
|Nov 8, 1995
|Dec 15, 1998
|Francotyp-Postalia Gmbh
|Arrangement for an ink-jet printer head composed of individual ink printer modules
|Feb 4, 1998
|Apr 18, 2000
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Piezoelectric device, actuator using the same, and ink-jet recording head
|Oct 24, 1996
|Oct 3, 2000
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Print head constructions for reduced electrostatic interaction between printed droplets
|Jul 11, 1996
|Dec 12, 2000
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Laminated ink-jet recording head, a process for production thereof and a printer equipped with the recording head
|Feb 21, 1997
|Apr 3, 2001
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink-jet recording head, ink-jet recording apparatus using the same, and method for producing ink-jet recording head
|Sep 15, 1998
|Apr 3, 2001
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Micro device, ink-jet printing head, method of manufacturing them and ink-jet recording device
|Apr 23, 1998
|Aug 7, 2001
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Liquid jetting apparatus having a piezoelectric drive element directly bonded to a casing
|Apr 22, 1999
|Jan 1, 2002
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Method for producing ink-jet recording head
|Jan 23, 2001
|May 7, 2002
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Micro device, ink-jet printing head, method of manufacturing them and ink-jet recording device
|Jan 28, 1999
|Jun 11, 2002
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head and manufacturing method therefor
|Sep 1, 1998
|Aug 13, 2002
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Ink leakage detecting apparatus
|Jan 24, 1997
|Aug 26, 2003
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element and electrode patterned with same shape and without pattern shift therebetween
|Nov 15, 2001
|Sep 16, 2003
|Spectra, Inc.
|Oriented piezoelectric film
|Dec 9, 2002
|Mar 8, 2005
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Manufacturing method for an ink jet recording head
|Nov 27, 2002
|Dec 6, 2005
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.
|Array of ultrasound transducers
|Jul 3, 2002
|May 30, 2006
|Dimatix, Inc.
|Printhead having a thin pre-fired piezoelectric layer
|Jun 15, 2001
|Oct 17, 2006
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Process of manufacturing a piezoelectric element
|Aug 29, 2005
|Dec 4, 2007
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.
|Printhead having a thin pre-fired piezoelectric layer
|Jun 26, 2003
|Apr 8, 2008
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element and electrode patterned with same shape and without pattern shift therebetween
|Apr 30, 2007
|Nov 25, 2008
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Piezoelectric element, piezoelectric actuator, and ink jet recording head
|Dec 20, 2005
|Dec 23, 2008
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Micromachined fluid ejectors using piezoelectric actuation
|Jan 30, 2006
|Sep 15, 2009
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Piezolelectric inkjet printhead having temperature sensor and method of making the same
|Sep 6, 2006
|Nov 17, 2009
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Structure of piezoelectric element and liquid discharge recording head, and method of manufacture therefor
|Jul 7, 2006
|Mar 9, 2010
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element and electrode patterned with same shape and without pattern shift therebetween
|Aug 24, 2007
|Nov 9, 2010
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Method of manufacturing an ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element
|Dec 14, 2010
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element and electrode patterned with same shape and without pattern shift therebetween
|Mar 15, 2011
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Multi-layer monolithic fluid ejectors using piezoelectric actuation
|Aug 2, 2011
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.
|Ejection of drops having variable drop size from an ink jet printer
|Apr 24, 2012
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.
|Printhead having impedance features
|Jan 29, 2013
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Method of forming micromachined fluid ejectors using piezoelectric actuation
|Jun 11, 2013
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.
|High frequency droplet ejection device and method
|Apr 12, 2006
|Jul 23, 2013
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.
|Fluid droplet ejection devices and methods
|Dec 2, 2008
|Jul 23, 2013
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.
|Piezoelectric ink jet module with seal
|Oct 30, 2009
|Mar 11, 2014
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Piezoelectric actuator having embedded electrodes
|Dec 29, 2005
|Apr 29, 2014
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.
|Ink jet printing
|Mar 10, 2014
|Jul 5, 2016
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc.
|Ink jet printing
|Jun 15, 2001
|Jun 20, 2002
|Kiyotaka Wasa
|Structure of piezoelectric element and liquid discharge recording head, and method of manufacture therefor
|Nov 27, 2002
|Jul 31, 2003
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.
|Array of ultrasound transducers
|Dec 9, 2002
|Aug 7, 2003
|Takao Nishikawa
|Ink jet recording head
|Jun 26, 2003
|May 6, 2004
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element and electrode patterned with same shape and without pattern shift therebetween
|Jan 30, 2006
|Aug 3, 2006
|Hong Young-Ki
|Piezoelectric inkjet printhead having temperature sensor and method of making the same
|Jul 7, 2006
|Jan 18, 2007
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element and electrode patterned with same shape and without pattern shift therebetween
|Oct 24, 2006
|May 10, 2007
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element and electrode patterned with same shape and without pattern shift therebetween
|Dec 20, 2005
|Jun 21, 2007
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Micromachined fluid ejectors using piezoelectric actuation
|Apr 30, 2007
|Nov 15, 2007
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Piezoelectric element, piezoelectric actuator, and ink jet recording head
|Aug 24, 2007
|Jan 3, 2008
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element and electrode patterned with same shape and without pattern shift there between
|Nov 19, 2008
|Mar 19, 2009
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Method of forming micromachined fluid ejectors using piezoelectric actuation
|Nov 19, 2008
|Mar 19, 2009
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Multi-layer monolithic fluid ejectors using piezoelectric actuation
|Dec 2, 2008
|Mar 26, 2009
|Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc., A Delaware Corporation
|Piezoelectric ink jet module with seal
|Jun 28, 2012
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Printing element substrate, printhead, and printhead manufacturing method
|Nov 9, 2012
|Aug 5, 2014
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Method of manufacturing an ink jet recording head having piezoelectric element
|Jan 24, 1997
|Jul 30, 1997
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink jet recording head and manufacturing method therefor
|Feb 21, 1997
|Aug 27, 1997
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Ink-jet recording head, ink-jet recording apparatus using the same, and method for producing ink-jet recording head
|Sep 17, 1998
|Mar 24, 1999
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Micro device
|Jun 20, 2001
|Jun 13, 2007
|Wasa Kiyotaka
|Method of manufacturing a structure of piezoelectric element and a liquid discharge recording head
|U.S. Classification
|347/68, 310/328
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 12, 1995
|Certificate of correction
|Feb 26, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 23, 1999
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Feb 27, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 19, 2003
Owner name: SPECTRA, INC., NEW HAMPSHIRE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SPECTRA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014210/0151
Effective date: 19960531
|Feb 28, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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No Man's Sky: Dutch-based company claims Hello Games used patented superformula to create game
Jul 20, 2016 | 27 Comments
The Neverwinter name is a storied one in both RPG and video gaming history. That's why Cryptic Studios have a lot to prove with this outing for the franchise, though from what we've seen so far, the gamer looks like a ton of fun. According to Cryptic, they're working with Wizards of the Coast to craft new content while staying true to the Neverwinter universe. Judging from this most recent action-packed trailer, they're doing a hell of a job. Check it out!


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The Starman Omnibus, Volume 4
The Starman Omnibus, Volume 4
DC Comics, Hardcover, 9781401225964, 432pp.
Publication Date: February 23, 2010
The acclaimed series STARMAN, starring a Gen-X super hero from the 1990s, is re-presented in high quality format, featuring spectacular art by Eisner Award winner Tony Harris.
In this volume, Starman stands shoulder to shoulder with heroes including DC's Captain Marvel, Batman and many others.
First, in a story set in the 1940s, Ted Knight, the original Starman, works with Captain Marvel and Bulletman to clear himself of espionage charges.
Then, back in the 1990s, young Jack Knight, the new Starman, must capture the deadly Doctor Phosphorous before embarking on a mission into space to find lost hero Will Payton. And in a never-before-collected story, Starman teams up with Batman and Hellboy to rescue his father, Ted Knight, from neo-Nazis who have tapped into a mystical power source.
James Robinson is the David Florence Professor of Government at Harvard University. He is the co-author, with Daron Acemoglu, of the book Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, published by Cambridge University Press in 2006, which was awarded the 2007 Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award by the American Political Science Association for 'the best book published in the United States during the prior year on government, politics, or international affairs'. He edited the book Natural Experiments in History with the geographer and ecologist Jared Diamond in 2010. His most recent book, also written with Daron Acemoglu, is entitled Why Nations Fail and was declared one of the ten best books of 2012 by the Washington Post and is already being translated into 23 languages, including Arabic and Mongolian. His main research interests are in political economy, comparative economic development, and economic history with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.


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Officials in the New York City parks department and the Los Angeles schools have decided to forgo crumb rubber in artificial turf. The two cities will use alternative materials, such as coated grains of sand, as the cushion layer beneath the synthetic grass. According to Synthetic Turf Council President Rick Doyle, concern over crumb rubber "isn't founded on science."
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you are viewing a single comment's thread.
Blah blah blah.
The true natural of the Progressive Collectivist.
Brutish, angry, emotional and ignorant and it does not care. Yet does believe they are born to rule others due to special occult insight - they insist is science when it clearly is just primitive religion.
Talk about Global Warming without addressing the rise of Asia. Mindless at ever level.
Here on an American natural gas board with a solution it does not want.
Glenn:And this has what to do with LINE?
Now that is just about the type of bright response we all expect from you.
"Blah blah blah."
Maybe below this will help you with a better understanding of why there is such a big shift toward those very profitable oilier plays like the bakken & the hogshooter and others from the natural gas plays since late 2011.
This below was written when natural gas was just a little higher than now but the numbers are close enough to be used with the present price for OIL & for natural Gas to illustrate their point.
One barrel of crude oil has about six times the energy content of a thousand cubic feet of natural gas.
With the natural gas price at about $4/Mcf and WTI at $86/bbl, crude oil was trading at an energy-equivalent price advantage of 3.58 in mid-April.
While finding costs are higher in the Bakken (approximately $13 according to Brigham Exploration Company) versus $7–$10 in the natural gas shale plays, operators in the Bakken enjoy a $73/boe price advantage compared to about $14/boe for the shale gas operators.
This price advantage has left the Bakken operators feeling smug and shale gas operators looking for oil shale opportunities, since the technologies of horizontal drilling and multistage fracturing can be applied to advantage for either gas or oil."
Sentiment: Strong Buy


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The Complete Course for BeginnersSpecially written by experienced teachers, this easy to use and completely up-to-date course provides a step-by-step approach to spoken and written Irish with no prior knowledge of the language required. What makes Colloquial Irish your best choice in personal language learning? emphasis on the language of East Connemara, with a clear pronunciation guide and an appendix on dialectal differences
$0.99This carefully crafted ebook: "The Dead (A Novella)" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents. Considered as one of the greatest short stories in the Western Canon, James Joyce's complex narrative "The Dead", explores the intricate issues of identity and power through the lens of language, patriarchy, and imperialism. These issues are directly tied to the
Fframwaith sefydlu i'r sector gofal cymdeithasolMae'r cyfnod sefydlu yn cyflwyno staff i ymarfer gofal cymdeithasol ac felly mae'n berthnasol i'r holl staff sy'n gweithio ym maes gofal cymdeithasol. Mae Fframwaith Sefydlu Gofal Cymdeithasol Cymru (Fframwaith) yn sicrhau bod yna ddealltwriaeth gyffredin o'r cyfnod sefydlu ym maes gofal cymdeithasol yng Nghymru. Mae'r Fframwaith yn nodi'r canlyniadau dysgu y dylai gweithwyr newydd eu cyflawni yn
Complete Welsh Beginner to Intermediate Course
Learn to read, write, speak and understand a new language with Teach YourselfAre you looking for a complete course in Welsh which takes you effortlessly from beginner to confident speaker? Whether you are starting from scratch, or are just out of practice, Complete Welsh will guarantee success!Now fully updated to make your language learning experience fun and interactive. You can still rely on the benefits of a top language teacher and our years of teaching experience,
Being the Adventures of a Small Snail (and an Even Smaller Ant)Avon the snail has never had an adventure. And adventure, he has heard, is the key to a happy life. So with his new friend Edward the ant, Avon sets out on a journey to find the excitement his life has been missing. This modern fable is filled with funny--and profound--insights about the meaning of things . . . great and small.
Essential Welsh Grammar: Teach YourselfEssential Welsh Grammar will help you get more out of your study of Welsh. Essential Welsh Grammar is an up-to-date introduction to Welsh grammar. You don't need to know a lot about grammar before you start. Everything is explained simply and there are lots of examples to illustrate each point. Unlike more traditional grammars, Essential Welsh Grammar is structured so that you can look up language
Short Stories of Padraig Pearse: The Easter Rising Hero of 1916Pádraic Pearse, who played a prominent part in the 1916 rebellion, declared Ireland a Republic from the steps of the General Post Office in Dublin. He was executed, along with the other leaders, for his part in the Rising. But he was a gentle warrior at heart. These five stories show us that Pearse was a man of deep understanding with immense human awareness of the way of life of the average
Seanfhocail: Irish Proverbs & Sayings: More than 250 with translations to ponder and enjoy!Ireland, the land of saints and scholars, has always been prized for its folk wisdom. Here are over 250 "seanfhocail" (literally, old words) - proverbs and sayings - with their translations, that still resonate today. They remind us that "Ní féidir an sheanfhocail a shárú" (You can't beat an old saying); "An té a bhíonn siúlach, bíonn sé scéalach (He who has travelled has knowledge); and
$58.49This new edition of Colloquial Arabic of the Gulf has been revised and updated to make learning this variety of Arabic easier and more enjoyable than ever before. Specially written by an expert for self-study and classroom use, the course offers you a step-by-step approach to spoken Arabic of the Gulf, together with an introduction to reading signs, business cards, advertisements and other realia
Intermediate Irish: A Grammar and WorkbookIntermediate Irish is a jargon-free workbook examining the most commonly used grammatical structures within the Irish language. Focusing on the repeated use of grammatical patterns, the Grammar develops an understanding of the structures presented, making the forms familiar and automatic for learners. This user-friendly workbook includes: terminology introduced and explained with multiple


text:
Sochi 2014
Associated Press
Austria's Matthias Mayer beats Bode Miller, Askel Lund Svindal in Olympic downhill
Matthias Mayer grew up in Austria admiring plenty of Alpine skiers, from his medal-winning dad, to all-time great Hermann Maier, to a couple of guys he races against... Read more »
Russian protest rejected after men's skiathlon
The Russian cross-country skiing team lodged an unsuccessful protest against the results of the men's 30-kilometer skiathlon Sunday at the Olympics, saying Maxim... Read more »
Norwegian strong in Nordic combined training
Haavard Klemetsen of Norway finished first in two of three ski jumping sessions Sunday, the opening day of Nordic combined training for the individual Gundersen normal... Read more »
Russia's Kuzmina defends Olympic title in biathlon sprint
Anastasiya Kuzmina won the Olympic gold medal in the women's 7.5-kilometer sprint Sunday, defending her title from the Vancouver Games four years ago. Read more »
A battle for the soul of snowboarding: Olympic halfpipe could decide future of the sport
Behind all those dangerous double corks and flashy frontside 1080s, a battle for the soul of snowboarding is playing out at the Olympics. Read more »
Russians, Swiss win Olympic women's hockey openers
The Russian women's hockey team awakened in time to preserve its chances of reaching the medal round. Read more »
Fans shun Sochi over bombs, bureaucracy, big bucks
When Sven Kramer wins Olympic gold, he likes to celebrate by communing with the Dutch fans who worship him. Four years ago at the Vancouver Games, 3,000 packed a... Read more »
Russia wins 1st gold of Sochi with team figure skating; US takes third
Russia won its first gold medal of the Sochi Olympics on Sunday, taking the new team figure skating event even before the ice dancers finished up. Read more »
Bode Miller skis to 8th in men's downhill, blames changing conditions
This was supposed to be Bode Miller's coronation, his chance at history, his moment. Read more »
Switzerland's Cologna wins men's 30K skiathlon at Sochi Olympics
No one knew quite what to expect from Dario Cologna at these Olympics. It did not take long for the Swiss cross-country skier to provide an emphatic answer. Read more »
Germany's Loch wins 2nd gold in Olympic luge
Furiously fast and fluid, Felix Loch is an Olympic gold medalist again. Read more »
Kamil Stoch wins men's normal hill gold at Sochi
Kamil Stoch of Poland made his first Olympic medal a gold one, winning the men's normal hill individual ski jump at the Sochi Games on Sunday after a stunning... Read more »
Italy's Christof Innerhofer celebrates silver as if it were gold
Christof Innerhofer couldn't stop celebrating after he secured the silver medal in the Olympic downhill Sunday. Read more »
Park City's Sarah Hendrickson is hurting at the Sochi Games
Questions about Sarah Hendrickson's right knee were supposedly answered a few weeks ago when it was confirmed she'd compete at the Sochi Games in the first women's ski... Read more »
Park City resident Sage Kotsenburg wins Sochi's first gold medal in snowboard slopestyle
Sage Kotsenburg grabbed the first gold medal of the Sochi Olympics with a run that left the 20-year-old American slopestyle snowboarder stunned in disbelief. Read more »
Family, friends gather to celebrate Utahn's gold medal win
Friends and family of Sage Kotsenburg gathered Saturday to watch the snowboarder's gold medal win at the Sochi Olympics. Read more »
American Hannah Kearney comes up short in bid to make history but still earns Olympic bronze
U.S. skier Hannah Kearney earns bronze in Saturday night's mogul competition. Canadian Justine Dufour-Lapointe, who won gold, and her sister Chloe, who finished with... Read more »
Top photos from Day 1 of the Sochi Winter Olympic Games
The first full day of the Sochi Games was an action-packed one — no matter how you look at it. Check out the best photos of the day from the Associated Press. Read more »
Utah resident Seamus O'Connor finishes 17th for Ireland in inaugural Olympic slopestyle competition
Ireland's Seamus O'Connor, who's lived and trained in Park City for the last five years, finished 17th in Saturday's historic slopestyle event at the... Read more »
Both Utah bobsledders will compete in two-man at 2014 Olympics — just not on the same team
Utahns Steven Holcomb and Christopher Fogt will compete in two-man bobsled for the United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics — just not as a team. Read more »
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