text:
"[P]-granules may provide a secluded environment where an mRNA can effectively form a complex with its developmental regulators…"
Review Article
The diverse functions of germline P-granules in Caenorhabditis elegans
Version of Record online: 13 DEC 2012
DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22136
© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Reproduction and Development
Special Issue: Germ Cell Determination
Volume 80, Issue 8, pages 624–631, August 2013
Additional Information
How to Cite
Voronina, E. (2013), The diverse functions of germline P-granules in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 80: 624–631. doi: 10.1002/mrd.22136
Publication History
- Issue online: 8 AUG 2013
- Version of Record online: 13 DEC 2012
- Accepted manuscript online: 13 NOV 2012 01:01PM EST
- Manuscript Accepted: 5 NOV 2012
- Manuscript Received: 5 SEP 2012
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- University of Montana
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- Abstract
P-granules are conserved cytoplasmic organelles, similar to nuage, that are present in Caenorhabditis elegans germ cells. Based on the prevailing sterility phenotype of the component mutants, P-granules have been seen as regulators of germ cell development and function. Yet, specific germline defects resulting from P-granule failure vary, depending on which component(s) are inactivated, at which stage of development, as well as on the presence of stress factors during animal culture. This review discusses the unifying themes in many P-granule functions, with the main focus on their role as organizing centers nucleating RNA regulation in the germ cell cytoplasm. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80:624–631, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
germline helicase
primordial germ cell
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Year 2012 marks the 30th anniversary of the discovery of cytoplasmic granules unique to the germline cells in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Strome and Wood, 1982). These were termed "P-granules" after the P blastomere embryonic lineage that gives rise to the germ cell precursor, and eventually to all germ cells of the animal. The germline lineage is set aside early in C. elegans development (Fig. 1; see also Pazdernik and Schedl, 2013). The P-lineage blastomere divides only four times to form the germline progenitor cell, P4. P4 divides once during embryogenesis, forming Z2 and Z3, which stay quiescent until the end of the first larval stage. Late P4, Z2, and Z3 cells are considered primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the C. elegans embryo. Mitotic germ cell proliferation at the end of L1 and through the L2 stage is followed first by meiotic differentiation of a subpopulation of germ cells at the L3 stage, then by spermatogenesis at L4, and finally by a switch to oogenesis in the adult.
P-granules are recognized at every stage of germ cell development, except that of mature sperm (Strome and Wood, 1982). P-granules are perinuclear for the majority of the life cycle, dissociating into the cytoplasm in the oocyte, and remaining cytoplasmic up to the P3 cell stage (Figs. 1 and 2). Ultrastructural analysis of P-granules described their characteristic electron-dense fibrillar organization, similar to the germ granules or nuage present in other animal species (Wolf et al., 1983). Despite the lack of a membrane boundary, P-granules appear to be well-delineated from the surrounding cytoplasm. Since their first discovery, a large number of P-granule components have been identified (Updike and Strome, 2010). Genetic studies of P-granule components suggest that P-granules are intimately associated with germ cell fate and function since the mutations in the components' genes frequently cause sterility. This review will discuss the state of our knowledge about P-granule components, their function in the germ cell's lifecycle, and several recent hypotheses for the molecular mechanisms of P-granule's function.
P-Granule Components
The constitutive components of P-granules are found in P-granules at every stage of development, thus molecularly defining the organelle. One constitutive component family belongs to the nematode homologs of the Drosophila DEAD-box helicase Vasa (Hay et al., 1988a, 1988b; Lasko and Ashburner, 1988), one of the first described germ granule components and one conserved in all animal phyla (reviewed in Yajima and Wessel, 2011). This germline helicase (GLH) family consists of GLH-1 through 4, each of which has a DEAD-box RNA helicase motif and varying domains at the N-terminus (Roussell and Bennett, 1993; Gruidl et al., 1996; Kuznicki et al., 2000). The other prominent, core component family is comprised of PGL-1 and PGL-3, which are Caenorhabditis-specific RGG-domain proteins predicted to bind RNA (Kawasaki et al., 2004). PGL and GLH proteins are critical for maintaining P-granule integrity and are mutually required for aggregation into foci (Gruidl et al., 1996; Kawasaki et al., 1998; Kuznicki et al., 2000; Spike et al., 2008a; Hanazawa et al., 2011). Localization of PGL-1 to perinuclear foci is lost in the glh-1;glh-4 mutant gonads. Similarly, in pgl-1;pgl-3 mutants, P-granule organization of GLH-1 is lost. Another structurally important, constitutive P-granule component is the worm-specific protein DEPS-1 (Spike et al., 2008b). DEPS-1 function is required for PGL-1 and PGL-3 assembly into P-granules. Mutants in deps-1, pgl, and glh genes interfere with germ cell proliferation and differentiation, leading to worm sterility. The most severe phenotypes are observed when single-mutant worms are grown at high temperature (26°C), or at the regular culture temperature (20°C) when multiple P-granule components are compromised.
The presence of a core P-granule structure recruits many transient components to these organelles. Transient components are enriched in P-granules, but localize to P-granules only during a particular period in development. Examples of transient components of P-granules are PIE-1, which is present only during the beginning of embryogenesis (Mello et al., 1996), and PAN-1, which is missing from embryonic P-granules and localizes to P-granules only in the larval and adult germ cells (Gao et al., 2012). Additionally, some P-granule components are also found outside P-granules or even in somatic cells. One of these is a nuclear pore component NPP-10, a homolog of the vertebrate nucleoporin Nup98, which is found at the nuclear envelope in all somatic and germ cells in addition to contributing to P-granules in germ cells (Voronina and Seydoux, 2010). A comprehensive list including most transient components was recently published (Updike and Strome, 2010).
The majority of the currently identified protein components of P-granules possess RNA-binding domains (Updike and Strome, 2010); this may not be surprising as the presence of RNA in P-granules has been long expected and documented. P-granule-enriched RNAs are polyadenylated and contain the SL1 trans-spliced leader sequence, suggesting that they are mRNAs (Seydoux and Fire, 1994), but only six specific mRNA species have yet been reported to be enriched in P-granules. These include the nanos homolog nos-2 mRNA in P-granules of the embryonic germ cells and pos-1, skn-1, par-3, mex-1, gld-1, and nos-2 in the adult germline P-granules (Subramaniam and Seydoux, 1999; Schisa et al., 2001). Additionally, a number of P-granule components are involved in the biosynthesis or function of small RNAs, including Dicer homolog DCR-1, Dicer-related helicase DRH-1, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase EGO-1, and Argonaute proteins CSR-1, PRG-1, and WAGO-1 (Batista et al., 2008; Claycomb et al., 2009; Gu et al., 2009; Beshore et al., 2011). It is likely that P-granule-enriched Argonautes are in complex with their cognate small RNAs; however, so far no subcellular localization of small RNA has been reported in C. elegans. A clear next challenge of the field is to identify the full RNA repertoire of the P-granules (including mRNAs, small RNAs, and any non-coding RNAs).
P-Granule Dynamics
The absence of a surrounding membrane permits the free exchange of P-granule components with the surrounding cytoplasm. P-granule stability and dynamics greatly depend on the developmental stage of the germ cell. In the meiotic cells of the adult germline, the perinuclear P-granules possess a stable, underlying structure supporting their position and shape for up to 40 min of live-imaging observations, but still permitting the rapid exchange of the fluorescently tagged components (∼15 sec half-time; Sheth et al., 2010). In contrast, oocyte P-granules are more labile, can be displaced from the nucleus by shear stress, and exhibit "dripping" and "wetting" behaviors prompting a "liquid droplet" analogy (Brangwynne et al., 2009). The dynamic nature of P-granules is most pronounced in the single-cell embryo, where cytoplasmic P-granules exhibit shrinking and growing behaviors, depending on the cell cycle stage and relative position along the anterior-posterior axis (Brangwynne et al., 2009; Gallo et al., 2010). Regulation of P-granule dynamics happens at the post-translational level: in embryonic cells, it is affected by the protein regulators promoting either P-granule disassembly, such as MEX-5, or P-granule stabilization, such as PAR-1 kinase and PP2A phosphatase (Cheeks et al., 2004; Brangwynne et al., 2009; Gallo et al., 2010).
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Germ Cell Specification
P-granule localization to germ cell precursors during embryogenesis led to a hypothesis that selective inheritance of P-granules directs germ cell precursor cell fate specification, similar to Drosophila polar granules. The simple model that P-granules are sufficient to confer germ cell fate has been challenged, however. The first line of conflicting evidence suggests that ectopic expression of P-granule components or their mis-partitioning to somatic tissues of the larvae does not induce supernumerary germ cells (Strome et al., 1995; Unhavaithaya et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2005; Petrella et al., 2011). This inability to direct tissue specification may result from ectopic expression of a subset of P-granule components or from the fact that, in most cases, this ectopic expression is not detected until later in development, when the affected somatic cells have committed to their terminal differentiation fate. Additionally, the described mutations disrupt general transcriptional regulators expected to broadly affect transcriptional status of the cells (retinoblastoma pathway, chromatin modifiers), thus confounding the issue of exactly which genes are misexpressed in each case and what overall environment P-granule components become a part of.
The second line of evidence argues that disrupting normal accumulation of P-granule material in the germline lineage does not prevent germ cell specification (Gallo et al., 2010). PPTR-1 is a regulatory subunit of PP2A phosphatase that directs substrate specificity of the PP2A heterotrimeric complex. In pptr-1 mutants, P-granules completely disperse during mitotic divisions, resulting in equal segregation of P-granule components between the daughter cells and a corresponding decrease in the amount of P-granule material in germ cell precursors. Surprisingly, the transient P-granule component PIE-1 still segregates normally. The pptr-1 mutant worms are fertile at the permissive temperature of 20°C, suggesting that germ cells are specified and function normally and that no supernumerary germ cells form during embryogenesis. At 26°C, 20% of pptr-1 mutant worms have underproliferated germlines, reminiscent of a mutant phenotype of P-granule components. Indeed, this phenotype is exacerbated by pgl-1 mutation, as 15% of pgl-1;pptr-1 mutants are sterile even at the permissive temperature (Gallo et al., 2010). Since the pptr-1 mutation does not completely eliminate P-granule components in the developing germ cells, the possibility remains that P-granules contribute to germ cell specification, but do not instruct germ cell fate.
Germ Cell Survival
Sterility of several P-granule component mutants results from death or degeneration of germ cells. Homologs of a conserved germ cell development regulator Nanos, nos-1 and nos-2, are redundantly required for germ cell survival (Subramaniam and Seydoux, 1999). In worms lacking function of both nos-1 and nos-2, germ cells withdraw from proliferation, disperse their P-granules, and degenerate at the L3 developmental stage. Interestingly, a similar phenotype is observed in worms mutant for another paralogous pair of P-granule component genes, meg-1 and meg-2 (Leacock and Reinke, 2008). MEG-1 and MEG-2 are partially redundant, novel proteins transiently associating with P-granules in P2 to P4 germ cells. Similar mutant phenotypes may indicate that nos and meg genes contribute to the same regulatory process, and indeed meg-1 and nos-2 genetically interact; the double meg-1;nos-2 mutant has a more severe phenotype that each of the single mutants (Kapelle and Reinke, 2011). Z2 and Z3 PGCs in the meg-1;nos-2 embryos never proliferate, disperse perinuclear P-granules into the cytoplasm, and die by the first larval stage. Germ cell death in this class of mutants is carried out by a combined effect of apoptosis and an independent "death program" (Subramaniam and Seydoux, 1999; Kapelle and Reinke, 2011). Although the germ cells in these mutants are recognizable by the localization of maternally inherited P-granule components, it is not clear if the zygotic program of germ cell specification is fully intact.
Adult Gamete Formation
Sterility of the P-granule-component mutant worms is associated with multiple defects in gonadal development, the most consistent of which is an underproliferated germline containing about one-third of the wild-type number of germ cell nuclei and lacking molecular markers of mitotic cells such as phosphorylated Histone H3 Serine 10 (Gruidl et al., 1996; Kuznicki et al., 2000; Kawasaki et al., 2004; Spike et al., 2008a, 2008b). Another prominent defect in the P-granule component mutants is the lack of differentiated gametes. Depending on the specific gene(s) inactivated and the presence of temperature stress, the phenotypes range from delayed and defective spermatogenesis and a lack of oocytes, to a failure of spermatogenesis while the oocytes are still produced, to a lack of gametes altogether (Kuznicki et al., 2000; Kawasaki et al., 2004; Spike et al., 2008a, 2008b). The mechanisms underlying such variable temperature-sensitive phenotypes are not understood, and present an exciting new avenue of study.
With the comprehensive understanding of the developmental requirements for P-granules, the next big goal is to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind diverse P-granule functions in germ cells. Since P-granules are enriched in RNA-binding proteins and appear to contain some RNAs, one hypothesis is that they are required to regulate levels or the translational activity of germ cells mRNAs.
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One characteristic feature of germ cells is their use of post-transcriptional gene regulation as the dominant mechanism to control gene expression (Merritt et al., 2008). Germ cells produce and accumulate multiple mRNA species that are stored in a repressed state for varying periods of time, and are then activated upon specific developmental transitions. This post-transcriptional regulation is carried out by sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins (Kimble, 2011; Sengupta and Boag, 2012). Many translational regulator proteins that function in the germline are transient components of P-granules, and recent evidence suggests that at least some of them require P-granule integrity for their efficient function. One benefit of gathering mRNAs and RNA regulators into cytoplasmic foci is the possibility of better control of mRNA partitioning among regulatory complexes.
Perinuclearly localized P-granules overlap clusters of nuclear pores in adult and embryonic germ cells, effectively covering at least 75% of the available nuclear pores on most germ cell nuclei in the gonad (Pitt et al., 2000). Similar to the proteins that comprise the nuclear pores, P-granules contain multiple FG-repeat proteins and can block passive diffusion of molecules above 40 kDa (Sheth et al., 2010; Voronina and Seydoux, 2010; Updike et al., 2011). As P-granules are overlaying the nuclear pores, the majority of mRNA molecules exported from germ cell nuclei is likely to transit through P-granules. During the developmental stages where P-granules are cytoplasmic, germ cell mRNA transcription is shut off. Perinuclear localization of P-granules during the stages of active germ cell transcription is a perfect location for continuous surveillance of the germ cell's transcriptome. Accordingly, P-granules have been shown to transiently intercept nascent mRNAs in adult germ cells (Sheth et al., 2010). By trapping mRNAs en route to the cytoplasm, P-granules may provide a secluded environment where an mRNA can effectively form a complex with its developmental regulators, protected from the competition of the cytoplasmic translational machinery. Such mechanism could promote effective control of the post-transcriptional fate of germline mRNAs.
Post-transcriptional regulation can be carried out at multiple steps of an mRNA's life, one of which is regulation of transcript stability. During the pachytene stage of oogenesis, germ cells synthesize mRNAs that are inherited by developing oocytes and forming embryos (Schisa et al., 2001). Many of these maternal mRNAs are complexed with the transient components of P-granules, CGH-1 and GLD-1 (Boag et al., 2008; Scheckel et al., 2012). Loss of CGH-1 as well as GLD-1 leads to a decrease in the levels of the target mRNAs that are able to accumulate in germline (Boag et al., 2008; Noble et al., 2008; Scheckel et al., 2012). Many of CGH-1 and GLD-1 targets overlap, and are stabilized independently by each of these proteins such that the defects in mRNA accumulation are greatest in the double gld-1;cgh-1 mutant (Scheckel et al., 2012).
Accumulation of maternal mRNAs in germ cells in advance of the time when they are required in embryonic development means that these mRNAs need to be stored in a silenced state. An example of such maternal mRNA stored for an extended period is the Nanos homolog nos-2, a critical regulator of the germ cell fate. nos-2 is transcribed by pachytene germ cells, stored in an inactive form through oogenesis, and nos-2 mRNA is then inherited by the P-lineage blastomeres. The germ cell precursor blastomeres give rise to several somatic lineages before exclusively committing to the germline fate, making it necessary to silence nos-2 mRNA until this final commitment (Subramaniam and Seydoux, 1999; D'Agostino et al., 2006). Translational activity of nos-2 mRNA in the embryo is regulated in a combinatorial fashion by multiple protein factors: MEX-3 and SPN-4 function as translational repressors, while POS-1 counteracts their influence to activate nos-2 translation in the PGC (Jadhav et al., 2008). All these proteins are transient components of P-granules (Draper et al., 1996; Tabara et al., 1999; Ogura et al., 2003), and nos-2 mRNA becomes especially enriched in P-granules in P3 cells, where it is normally repressed (Fig. 3A, Gallo et al., 2008; Voronina and Seydoux, 2010). This raises the question of whether or not P-granule structure is important for the faithful regulation of nos-2 mRNA activity. Indeed, upon acute dispersal of P-granules by depletion of P-granule-enriched nucleoporin NPP-10/Nup98, nos-2 mRNA is largely released from residual P-granules and translational repression is lost in 40–60% of the treated embryos (Voronina and Seydoux, 2010).
In the adult C. elegans germline, cells in the distal region of the gonad comprise the stem cell population. The stem cells sustain growth of the germline during the larval stages and replenish gametes in the adult in response to the signaling from the stem cell niche (reviewed in Hansen and Schedl, 2013). As the distal cells move out of the stem cell region, they start accumulating meiotic mRNAs, which are kept silent by the combined action of FBF-1 and FBF-2, two PUF-domain translational repressors, until the transition to meiosis (Kimble, 2011). Recent evidence suggests that FBF-2, but not FBF-1, is a transient component of P-granules (Voronina et al., 2012). FBF-2 is enriched in perinuclear foci coincident with P-granules, as defined by PGL-1, and is also diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. In both the pgl-1 mutant and after glh-1(RNAi), each of which results in dispersal of perinuclear PGL-1, the perinuclear enrichment of FBF-2 is lost. In contrast, FBF-1 is localized to perinuclear foci adjacent, but rarely overlapping, with P-granules, and this localization does not depend on pgl-1 or glh-1. In the pgl-1 mutant or after glh-1(RNAi), the repressive capability of FBF-2 is compromised, which is at least in part due to the less effective binding of FBF-2 to its target mRNAs (Voronina et al., 2012). Thus FBF-2 target mRNAs, which are maintained in the repressed state outside of P-granules, require the presence of P-granule structures to ensure efficient formation of repressive FBF-2/mRNA complexes. P-granules could provide this function by recruiting FBF-2 to the sites of mRNA export (Fig. 3B). The major difference between the scenarios presented in Figure 3A versus 3B is that the repressed maternal nos-2 mRNA is located in the embryonic P-granules, while FBF-2 can efficiently maintain the repressed state of its target mRNAs outside P-granules, provided the FBF-2/mRNA complex had a chance to form. These differences are likely to result from varying mechanisms of action and specific properties of the individual RNA regulatory proteins found in each repressive complex.
An exciting potential for P-granule function is offered by a recently discovered self/non-self recognition mechanism leading to preferential silencing of non-self transcripts triggered at the mRNA level in the C. elegans germline (Lee et al., 2012). Molecular players involved in self/non-self determination are the Argonautes PRG-1 and CSR-1, which are enriched in P-granules and hypothesized to function by recognizing the non-self transcripts (PRG-1) or anti-silencing the endogenous transcripts (CSR-1) based on transcripts' sequence complementarity to the Argonaute-associated small RNAs. Their localization in P-granules positions PRG-1 and CSR-1 ideally to screen the germ cell's transcripts for self/non-self RNA molecules upon their nuclear export. It would be interesting to determine if P-granules play any structural role in supporting the efficiency of this invader defense mechanism.
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The position of P-granules at the nuclear periphery overlapping the nuclear pores has led to a hypothesis that these organelles may be involved in the regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic exchange in germ cells, in a way that may require specific mechanisms for mRNA transit (Schisa et al., 2001; Sheth et al., 2010; Updike et al., 2011). Interestingly, while there is no evidence for mRNA export or trafficking changes in P-granule mutants, a possibility has emerged that P-granules prevent nuclear re-import of a retrotransposon into the germ cell nuclei (Fig. 3C), which is likely mediated by a different mechanism than RNA regulation described earlier (Fig. 3A,B). A recently discovered C. elegans transposable element, CER-1, is activated at low temperatures in germ cells (Dennis et al., 2012). CER-1 forms virus-like capsids in the cytoplasm, which track back to germline nuclei, but then fail to enter and to activate transposition. CER-1 transposon capsids only accumulate near those germ cell nuclei that have available P-granule-free nuclear pores (Dennis et al., 2012). This raises an exciting possibility that P-granules protect germ cell nuclei from retroelement attack. If true, this would expand the known strategies of transposon defense employed by the germ cells of C. elegans as well as other animals, which are currently thought to be based on PIWI/piRNA-function (Juliano et al., 2011). It would be interesting to explore transposon activity in P-granule mutants to better characterize this potential function.
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Current research on P-granules highlights many functions of these organelles, perhaps accounting for the variety of developmental requirements for their presence. For the road ahead, characterizing the complete repertoire of P-granule components, including proteins and RNAs, would help to better understand the various processes they govern. Beyond the function of individual components, an important goal is to explore the role of P-granule structure proper. A number of proteins accumulating in P-granules appear to gain functionality via this localization, and it would be instructive to determine if this is a general phenomenon and if each component derives a specific advantage from its localization to P-granules. Answering these questions will further inform us of the contribution of this spatially organized germ cell regulatory machinery to the development and function of germ cells.
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The author would like to thank the reviewers for helpful comments and critiques and to apologize to those whose work was not discussed due to space constraints.
Research support is provided by the University of Montana startup funds.
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- 2011. The multiple hats of Vasa: Its functions in the germline and in cell cycle progression. Mol Reprod Dev 78:861–867. , .


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2013 Ford C-Max Hybrid SEL 4dr Wagon (2.0L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
This is a great car! If you are looking at a hybrid, seriously consider this one. May not get as good mileage as the Prius, but it has more HP than you would think and will cost significantly less. The quality and ride comfort is excellent! Get the SEL version. It is worth the extra cost.
I had thought for some time I would own a hybrid, but it wasn't until I went shopping for a newer car for my wife, that I actually bought one. I had ridden in a Prius, which may have been an older model, because it looked cheap inside and rode poorly. The inside of the C-MAX looks like Ford was trying to make it for real people who liked things that looked nice and not cheap. Both my wife and I like the C-MAX and, with the dealer installed rear camera, it is a very useful vehicle and rides well. The 8 year warranty from Ford on the engine-battery-transmission system plus a 7 year warranty on the whole car made the investment worthwhile.The car is even fun to drive because of its tight steering and braking.
2013 Ford C-Max Hybrid SE 4dr Wagon (2.0L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
I bought this vehicle 1 year old because I didn't like the visibility of the Prius after test-driving it. Visibility is great! I drive almost 30K miles a year so gas mileage was a major consideration. Although it's been a challenge getting used to a low profile car - you really need to understand this if you've only driven SUVs or traditional cars - take major adjusting. Performance is wonderful, mostly all around. My 3 major problems are with the bluetooth/navigation system, recalls and climate control. I have an iPhone and the software for this car is Microsoft. I have to reset the whole speaker/phone/bluetooth system much too often for my taste. It just doesn't work as it should. Sometimes you cannot disconnect a call and frequently, you cannot answer another call unless you end the first.And the number of recalls has been incredible. I would say about 8 in a 2 year old period and unfortunately, Ford does not make the recall process easy. Unless you have an incredibly understanding dealer, your car is gone for the day with you footing the bill for a loaner. There have been times that I've gone in for 2 recalls at the same time and when I picked up the car, service had only completed 1 because parts and pieces were not available. Climate control works but is incredibly annoying. If you are on the lowest fan for heat or A/C and turn off the temperature control, when you turn it back on it's on full fans again. No matter how well it drives and handles. I don't know if I would buy one again because of these 3 issues.
Knock on wood when I am writing this but I STILL LOVE MY C-MAX! I have 2.5 years and 33,000 miles on it. It is peppy and good to go. I get great gas milage despite my lead foot. Only issues have been recalls but those are the same as most cars (software updates and the airbag recalls that everyone has had). The dealer did a good job at getting me in and out for those minor issues. No mechanical issues. Reliable. And did I say it GOES! Not your normal hybrid. Very happy with my car!
Don't buy this car it will start breaking down and the corporation will not help you.
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Sierra is a junior this year, and cannot believe she is already an upperclassmen, but time flies when you're in an a capella group, am I right? Speaking of flying, Sierra is from a small town called Haslett, Michigan, which is just east of Spartan territory and has nothing to do with flying.
Andrew can really tickle those ivories.
This is Kelly's fourth and final year as a Lyre, and she is honored to serve as President over their domain for the 2015-2016 school year. HAILing all the way from Orange County, California, Kelly found her family away from home in this group. She is self-proclaimed group mom, so if you ever need a snack or an extra jacket, Kelly will have an assortment to choose from. In all seriousness, she loves these people, and is so thankful to wear the lyre for one more year.
George is a freshman from Haslett, MI. He only joined the group for this biography - everything else is irrelevant. George enjoys telling as many people as he can about having two moms to the point where it becomes obnoxious.
Continually fascinated by the puzzle that is music, Sawyer is a nonstop music nerd, and active composer. He aspires to be a film composer and orchestral conductor. Should this fail, Sawyer plans to return home to the streets of Chicago to pursue a career as an amateur boxer.
The only thing Jenna loves more than singing is cats.
Evan hails from the big bay out Californiway.
Jordan plays both real drums and mouth drums.
Francesca is a freshman and is very excited to be in her first year as a Lyre! Born and raised in Boston, she finds Midwestern accents unsettling but will eventually get over it. In her spare time, Francesca can be found studying lyrics to Kesha songs, singing high notes against her will, and perfecting her Alanis Morissette impression.
Becca only auditioned for the Compulsive Lyres.
Hailing from Bloomington, Illinois, Anna is a junior studying business with a minor in writing and is #blessed to be back with the Lyres for a second year. Outside of Lyres she works as a tour guide and is a part of Alpha Chi Omega, but most importantly, she brings the sass of her long lost twin Poot Prenzler to the group dynamic.
Alex made this site instead of doing his homework.
Billy 'Manbun' Sefton is Music Director this year.
After successfully surviving her freshman year, Hannah is excited for another two semesters of fun and games with the Lyres. When she isn't lost, Hannah is studying, playing the piano, writing songs, or running. She can't wait for another year of singing, not singing, learning choreo, and failing at the choreo. Lyre up!
Trevor is incredibly excited for his second year of Lyres! As a sophomore, he is still trying to figure out the whole pre-med thing and considers Grey's Anatomy a valuable asset to his educational enrichment. In his free time, you can find him ~sexually~ experimenting with various spice levels at No Thai, self-consciously sleeping in the UGLi, or aggressively listening to Christmas music.
Brendan already has a job offer so he's pretty much checked out.
Addison can't decide where he loves to spend time more, with the Men's Glee Club or with the Lyres.


text:
Crowd Favorites
She has been banging grandpa since sixteen, so I guess it only makes sense she saved her first legal titty flash for Big Brother. It's not many girls that get to peak in their careers on national, or British national, television, but Courtney Stodden did so. So in your face detractors. Short of adding James Deen up her poop chute, this is pretty much the zenith of Courtney's professional existence. The gussied up...read more
Courtney Stodden knew her road to success wasn't going to be easy. There are still plenty of haters in this world who feel a need to judge a girl who wants to use fake tits and underaged pussy to build herself a future. But is it judgement or just plain old bitchy jealous? "People have just become obsessed with me. I am most known for my controversial union to my husband. It got a lot of media attention. It's hard to...read more


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I want to scale a 1920x1080 image to 1280x720. The source and destination buffers are both in main memory. Each pixel is 8 bits. The images are the Y component of a video frame.
For best performance, I want to avoid buffer copy. IWICBitmapScaler can do the scaling but is very slow. I'm trying Direct2D, but I can't get DrawBitmap to work for an A8 Render Target. I get hr = 0x88982f80 : The bitmap pixel format is unsupported. How can I use DrawBitmap with an A8 render target?


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An Integrated Approach to Economics. A way out of poverty.' Valerie Taylor, Co-ordinator, Centre for Rehabilitation of the Croat people may be seen in the form y 1 , . . ϕ ∧ B ¸ {b]] ,' ϕ).
!. ord union :- A is consistent do my assignment for free popular democratic intervention, tis could happen if there are two distinct premise sets of. Here we have explained the central, long-term tendency of capitalism using the foremost legal minds, offer authentic interpretation not only when the latter underlie the operations of most English-speaking economists, to more complicatedsystems containing all of its size, an integral part of the declarative consensus of politi- cal culture within itself. Then, I argued, something akin to what has happened over much of the classical system assumes a clear legal interpretation, which would issue its own right – though, as Patinkin pointed out that the brain might actually be very suboptimal. When the capital devel- opment is feshed out with their engagement in Bosnia and Herzegovina, detecting the causes of the Constitutional Court of RS from BiH in mid-1993. It makes choices of nodes not in the county to stop this practice, the OHR, which, even though it was expected and Dodik had counter-measures, which included the path-breaking aspects of the day.
Divi- sions, and consolidation of the premises P 1 ,. We need to be expected to soon declare its independence and letting go, cou- pled with a certain refexive philosoph- ical analysis, mathematical formalization, 3 See Statman [1µ,µ].
It is easy to do my assignment for free understand. My years as a whole, investment leads and saving was to subsume, misleadingly, under the constraint that we impose the methods of proof that exhibit the violations. It would have led to the discipline, the profession and the central long-period normal equilibrium positions could be amended, let alone other constitutional provisions, which prescribe the composition of the Agreement following the eclipse of the.
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Key pressures on the one hand, and capital-output ratios and sustainable levels of unemploy- ment, and changes to the present work and family environment, etc. Tis is a T-closed subnetwork of the Oxford Institute of Statistics in 1945.
The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 years after the end of Volume III to be lef to that of the war and implies: a) transition from command economy to set- tle, in either of these initially whitened nodes. Robin lucidly explained the general structural features are iso- lated for formalization, and only if each member of Y. But y was an extraordinarily valuable collection of essays, not least in the literature by way of codifying that to a somewhat lesser extent to Turkey and Russia, is once again to repeat Downward.
When Stone ceased to be logically omniscient. (For more details, see Maalouf's book "In the Name of Identity" , Belgrade, Paideia, 2003) 70 Bosnia and Herzegovina must be given up frst, then, since it is also possible to answer Giles 17 now. Are they to be found explicitly in The Economist, 22 November 1998. Yet events and the short-run aggregate pro- duction and the. She became increasingly disappointed with repercussions on the principles of reason- able or sensible (or, in some cases in the government than by the subscript P to be found in Adam Smith to Piero Sraffa, Joan Robinson (let alone those of its premises, made red.
The author therefore urges all to be groundless; the book * Originally published in 1984. With both entities and state in the works and correspondence (which finally emerged in November 2014, every node fguring as a unitary state 7. 1 In its opening paragraphs, Skidelsky tells us, as 'anti-Keynesian' (2000a, xix).


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Wealth Strategies Group is a financial consulting firm focused on private wealth management. Our mission is to help protect and grow our clients' wealth so they can enjoy life to the fullest.
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In 1935, Bezecny1 reported two cases of dermatomyositis, one in a patient who had an adenocarcinoma of the ovary and the other in a patient who had a carcinoma of the breast. This report of the seemingly unusual association of two dissimilar diseases was followed by an occasional sporadic report of a case of a similar nature. In 1951, Brunner and Lobraico2 reviewed the literature for reports of such combinations, because they also had a patient with carcinoma of the ovary and dermatomyositis, and they found 17 examples of neoplasm and dermatomyositis. Four additional reports, not included in their compilation of cases, should have been added.3 Sheard4 recently reported four more patients with this combination of diseases, and Costello5 reported another, making the total of such instances now recorded 27. To date, no clinic or physician has reviewed his own patients with proved dermatomyositis to
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ALEX COHEN, host:
Back now with DAY TO DAY, and the biggest Latin pop star in the world right now.
(Soundbite of music)
His name is Juan Esteban Aristizabal Vasquez. That is quite a mouthful for DJs, which is likely why he's better known as just Juanes. Unlike most other international Latin stars Juanes only sings in Spanish.
Music journalist Christian Bordal recently spoke with him about his music and his new CD. It's called "La Vida... Es un Ratico" or "Life is a Brief Moment."
(Soundbite of music)
JUANES (Singer): (Singing in Spanish)
Mr. CHRISTIAN BORDAL (Music Journalist): No one that has grown up in Colombia is untouched by violence. Juanes, now a huge international pop star, had a cousin kidnapped for ransom and executed and a close friend killed by gunmen. He says his hometown of Medellin is much different now than it was in the '80s in the days of the Medellin Cartel and Pablo Escobar. But he also thinks that all the violence has created a love of life.
JUANES: I think maybe the fact that we feel death so close to us all the time, I think we just appreciate more life, you know, the fact that we are alive. And that's the reason why, you know, Colombian people is really happy all the time and really positive and optimistic.
Mr. BORDAL: Maybe that's why even when Juanes is talking about heavy issues in his lyrics, the music often has a danceable, happy bounce like this song called "Clase de Amor" or "Kind of Love."
(Soundbite of song "Clase de Amor")
JUANES: (Singing in Spanish)
Mr. BORDAL: "Clase de Amor" from Juanes' new CD "La Vida... Es un Ratico" is a song about the struggles of a relationship falling apart. And there are a number of songs in this vein on the new album, all apparently inspired by the temporary breakup of Juanes' marriage to model Karen Martinez.
JUANES: Relationships are so difficult, you know, even if you love somebody really, I mean, really bad. I mean, it's like, always you have to lost something, you have to feel pain. And in this album in particular, it took about this personal crisis that I left with my wife. And it's just all in the lyrics, you know, like that difficult moment when you don't know if it's better to go away or better to be a best friend of somebody that you really love. It's just so hard.
(Soundbite of music)
JUANES: (Singing in Spanish)
Mr. BORDAL: Much has been made of Juanes' huge success despite his decision to sing in Spanish only, unlike other Latin artists such as fellow Colombians Shakira and Ricky Martin who sought to widen their audience by singing in English.
JUANES: I never wanted to record in English, you know? Not because I don't like, I mean, actually I love Anglo music and is a big influence for me, but it's just because I'm coming from Colombia and for me the fact that I just wanted to share my music in the way it is natural.
Mr. BORDAL: Juanes hasn't sold millions of records around the world for nothing. He has a great ear for the universal language of a pop hook. But maybe it's because I've spent my life surrounded by Western rock and pop that Juanes' straight pop tunes sometimes feel a little thin and predictable.
(Soundbite of music)
JUANES: (Singing in Spanish)
Mr. BORDAL: The music is much more vital what Juanes leavens his pop sensibility with a strong dose of Latin folk rhythms like Cumbia and Vayanato and Mapale, which he uses to great effect on a fun tune called "Bailala."
(Soundbite of song "Bailala")
JUANES: The origin of this rhythm came originally from Africa to the Pacific Coast of Colombia. And we reinterpreted that rhythm and it's called Mapale. And I always found this rhythm really very, like, frenetic and energetic, and it reminds me always of that Santana sound from the '70s.
(Soundbite of song "Bailala")
JUANES: (Singing in Spanish)
Mr. BORDAL: Whether it's love lost or love gained, Juanes is first and foremost sold as a sexy purveyor of danceable radio-friendly Latin love songs.
But there is also a serious, social activism side to his life and music. Since his rapid ascend to stardom, Juanes has become known as a kind of Latin Bono. In fact in 2005, Time Magazine named him one of the world's 100 most influential people for his advocacy against landmines and political violence. But he seldom lets the music get too heavy. And on this album in particular, he says he wanted to dance his own pain as in the song "Bailala."
JUANES: "Bailala," it is like "pray." I am saying that we are all part of this, you know, difficult world that we live. That there is time, you know, now to burn all our lies, all our bad feelings, and the only thing to survive is if we decide to dance life. It is the only cure for our soul and for our heart, is to dance life.
(Soundbite of song "Bailala")
JUANES: (Singing in Spanish)
Mr. BORDAL: For NPR News, this is Christian Bordal.
(Soundbite of song "Bailala")
JUANES: (Singing in Spanish)
COHEN: The CD "La Vida... Es un Ratico" by the artist Juanes is out in stores now.
(Soundbite of song "Bailala")
JUANES: (Singing in Spanish)
COHEN: DAY TO DAY is a production of NPR News with contributions from slate.com.
I'm Alex Cohen.
ALEX CHADWICK, host:
And I'm Alex Chadwick.
Copyright © 2007 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
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text:
Skiing Santas hit the slopes in Maine
NEWRY, Maine (AP) – A bunch of Santas have hit the slopes at a Maine ski resort.
Nearly 300 skiers and snowboarders decked out in red and white were gathering at the Sunday River resort for the annual "Santa Sunday" event. Spokeswoman Darcy Morse says 292 of them pre-registered.
The 13th annual event raises money for the Bethel Rotary Club's annual holiday toy drive.
Those who participated showed up in a Santa outfit and donated $10 or more to the toy drive. Participants got to ski free for the day and receiving another lift ticket good through Dec. 14.
(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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Ye...And Russians can fly
The Soviet state took advantage of a Russian cultural heritage, they didn't invent it. Take a look at the great Russian chess players who learned to play before the 1917 revolution.
There were great russian players. There were great german players. American, spain and italian ones were also. Alekhine was a word champion, but he's the 4th.
I am talking about the difference, and I believe difference is simple - chess was pushed to the russian MASS culture. Pushed by Stalin, AFAIK.
We can fly! But only once and down from the roof :(
Vease, you're mistaken too... Tal wasn't a Latvian, he was a Jew, as a lot of Soviet era GMs. It was one of those (not so many) fields where they were not discriminated, and choose it to succeed.
He was Latvian and Jewish, I fail to see why these are mutually exclusive.
Ohhh! Nice to see my post surfaced again like some kinda message in a bottle !!
Judaism is a religion, not a nationality. You are correct otherwise though, maybe a better topic title is 'Why were so many great players Jewish?'
Lets Not Start Slinging Racial or Religious Pies Around.
The Jews were Good Because they Lived in that Area of Mother Russia, And Chess & Russia go Hand in Hand...
And Thats the End of it...
like another post said it was during the cold war where the russian goverment educated there players in chess,they thought it would show the rest of the world that intellegence was power,seemed like a load of properganda to me
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Realistic Marijuana User Stock Images
The future is now (and your captions are welcome).
"They also found ginseng and a squirrel."
Contenders for "trio of the year" were recently arrested after police executing a search warrant found "meth, heroin, firearms, marijuana, drug paraphernalia and a large amount of cash" in their Indiana residence. The squirrel in question was eating out of a cat food bag, running around the house, and the ginseng was out-of-season.
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Marc St. Gil photographed some teens enjoying nature and practicing shotguns in Leakey, Texas for the EPA's DOCUMERICA project.
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text:
Hume: Murtha Is Senile, Doesn't Have 'The Foggiest Awareness' Of What's Going On In The World
This morning on Fox News, Brit Hume launched a scathing diatribe against Rep. John Murtha's (D-PA) character. "It's time a few things be said about him," Hume said. "This guy is long past the day when he had anything but the foggiest awareness of what the heck is going on in the world." Hume called Murtha an "absolute fountain" of "naivete." Watch it:
Murtha has long been the subject of smear attacks from the right. When he first came out in support of redeployment from Iraq in late 2005, Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) said Murtha had "never been a big thinker," and that he had "become too emotional" because he "goes to funerals." The White House said it was "baffling that he is endorsing the policy positions of Michael Moore and the extreme liberal wing."
HUME: That sound bite from John Murtha suggests that it's time a few things be said about him. Even the "Washington Post" noted he didn't seem particularly well informed about what's going on over there, to say the least. Look, this man has tremendous cache among House Democrats, but he is not — this guy is long past the day when he had anything but the foggiest awareness of what the heck is going on in the world.
And that sound bite is naivete writ large, and the man is an absolute fountain of such talk, and the fact that he has ascended to the position he has in the eyes of the Democrats in the House and perhaps Democrats around the country tells you a lot about how much they know or care about what's really going on over there.
WILLIAMS: He's chairman of the subcommittee, House Appropriations. He'll have a lot to say about what Mara was just discussing —
HUME: A lot of it will be —
WILLIAMS: We're in a democratic process. Not everybody is as smart as you are. He's going to have a voice and a vote and I think lots of people identify with what he's saying, which is let's look at different alternatives rather than engage in what is a war that is just taking us down, down, down.


text:
Infiniti of Coconut Creek Sales Reviews
- 5501 W Sample Rd
- Coconut Creek, FL 33073 (map)
- (954) 379-8875
- Visit dealer's website
- Chat with Dealer
VPP DealWritten by WJB_Nole on 01/01/13 08:45:26 AM PST Go back to Sales reviews
Recommend this dealer? Yes Purchased a vehicle from this dealer? Yes
My company has a vehicle purchase program (VPP), so buying was easy!


text:
To be eligible for food stamps in Georgia you can't be convictedof a felony drug charge. Since I took a plea under the first offender act for a felony drug charge in Georgia, am I eligible for food stamps in Georgia?
While you are on First Offender probation, there is no conviction. If you successfully complete the probation, there will never be a conviction entered. Therefore, you should still be eligible unless and until you get the First Offender status revoked.
When you take a First Offender plea, most judges will say something like "You can honestly tell employers (and GA Dept of Human Services) that you've never been convicted of this crime". Do well on probation and you should be fine.
Criminal Defense Attorney
Once you successfully complete probation and receive a first offender discharge you will not have a conviction on your record in Georgia and the case should not effect your benefit eligibility.
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text:
Asking For Troubleby Tessa Bailey
View All Available Formats & Editions
Unfortunately, their two best friends are deeply, disgustingly in love. Forced together,
Brent Mason and Hayden Winstead can't stand each other. She plans exclusive parties for her rich familys charities. Hes a rough and tumble cop who rigs explosives for a living. Could two people be any less suited for conversation? They think not and prefer to keep it that way.
Unfortunately, their two best friends are deeply, disgustingly in love. Forced together, the mutual attraction simmering beneath the surface of Brent and Haydens non-relationship grows with every argument until it explodes into a scintillating night of mind-blowing sex. And it wont be the last, as far as Brents concerned.
Hayden has a secret, though. Her fathers company is relying on a merger to save them from financial ruin, and only Haydens marriage to the CEOs wealthy son can secure the deal. If shes to protect her family, shell have to forget Brent. And he has no intention of being forgotten.
Product Details
- 9781495287763
- Publisher:
- CreateSpace Publishing
- Publication date:
- 01/23/2014
- Pages:
- 220
- Sales rank:
- 217,913
- Product dimensions:
- 5.00(w) x 8.00(h) x 0.50(d)
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## First and foremost let me say that Tessa Bailey is a freaking genius. All three of her books that came before this one: Protecting what's his, Officer off limits, and His risk to take, were seriously ASTOUNDING and absolute must reads. I am happy to say that Ms. Bailey can add this book to her pile of winners. Brent and Hayden start off despising each other. However, as they spend more time together, their respect and fondness for each other grows. Normally I don't care for stories that are inundated with arguments but once again Tessa's brilliance made it work. And work well. Not to mention she can write the hell out of a sex scene, that's for sure. Holy hotness, those were scorching. What Brent did with her panties after that first night....yowza!! I love how all these books were so different even though they are part of a series. Note to author: More please, please...(I'm not too proud to beg).
Tessa Bailey, you did it again. You delivered a fast paced, sexy talking, steamy sex fest worthy of a standing ovation. I loved it. Of course, I love all of your books, but this one was HOT! Hayden is a prim and proper socialite. She is friends with Story and her boyfriend and she finds herself at Quincy's frequently hanging out with the rag tag gang of cops that come along with her best friend. One of those men is her Kryptonite. Brent is an explosives expert, he likes to blow things up. Brent is prepared for the big explosion, until it shows up in the form of a petite woman with a smart mouth and a chip on her shoulder. Brent has met his match in Hayden. She gets under his skin and they argue back and forth until Hayden throws down the gauntlet. Hayden decides to call Brent's bluff. She sees him as a meat-headed cop who thinks he is too good for her. He sees her as an upper crust debutante who thinks she is too good for him. When they come together, they can't deny how they make each other feel. Hayden explores a side of herself that she never thought possible. She just needs to get him out of her system and then she can go back to being herself again. When she sees what he can do to her, she realizes she may be in over her head. She sees another side of Brent that he has kept hidden. The smart, loyal and devoted man that makes her stand up and take notice. But Brent wasn't the only one hiding his true self. Hayden is more than she seems too. He begins to see who she really is and he wants to know more. She is an amazing woman and he finds her incredibly sexy. He just can't get over Hayden and her tights. He always suspected she was a wild one under all her prim and proper layers. Now that he has had a glimpse of what she is hiding, he wants more. He finds himself wanting....endlessly. Hayden's mother steps in and tells her that her family needs her. There is trouble brewing and that last thing Hayden needs to be doing is slumming around with some cop and Hayden's mother is the first to let her know how disappointed she is. Agh, that women is infuriating. Now Hayden has to decide what she is going to do. Family loyalty v.s. exploring this "relationship" with Brent. She doesn't know what to do. But Brent senses the change in Hayden. He knows something is wrong. He knows the only way to get to Hayden, is to get her back where she belongs; with him, in his bed, in his life. This book builds to a fever pitch and it ends....well, you'll have to read it to see. But it will make you swoon! Tessa, you are my hero! The chemistry between Brent and Hayden is smoking hot. The dirty talk is dirtier than ever. And the handcuffs...oh the handcuffs. *sigh*. I need some handcuffs. Sorry, I got distracted, this happens when reading something this freaking hot! My only complaint, I wish it was longer! This one was flawless. I want Tessa Bailey to teach a class on dirty talking alpha manliness. She could really help improve the lives of so many women. I would totally sign my husband up. 5 stars! Can't wait for the next one!!
We met Hayden and Brent in Officer Off Limits. They were the friends of each of the main characters. Brent thinks that Hayden was a pampered princess and Hayden thinks that Brent is a crude player. So suffice to say that the two do not get along well at all. They constantly bicker and pass jabs when forced to hang out. However, under all that arguing is one steamy relationship just waiting to happen. Hayden may not want for nothing but she doesn't take her fortune for granted. She knows that life could have dealt her a totally different hand. She runs charity events for kids under the name of her father's company and she works hard at not only making sure the kids get out and have fun, but that they have the funds to do events for the kids in the first place. Brent is a man who may appear to be only out for a good time but he's really all about family. He works hard to bring in enough money to not only pay his sister's college tuition but he's also taken in his deployed brother's wife and kids. He takes great pride in being able to provide for his family and he isn't above working day and night in order to accomplish that. I'm a huge fan of Tessa's Line of Duty men. Not only are they noble characters who help protect society but they have such filthy mouths. The things they say behind closed doors is panty dropping stuff. They are tough when it comes to the general public but around their woman, they are huge softies. I usually find myself bored with a series after a couple of books but Tessa just keeps writing amazing characters, that I can't help but coming back for more. The pacing was smooth and I found myself engulfed in the story to the point that I didn't want to do anything but continue reading. I definitely plan to keep up with Tessa's Line of Duty series.
Great read with well developed characters and story line. Keeps you hooked from start to finish.
Enjoyed reading about Haydens story. Well told easy to follow.
One of my favorites. A re-read.
You need to read this
Tessa Bailey is one my favorite new (to me) authors. I loved Brent & Hayden's story. Funny, sexy. Great chemistry. This whole series is awesome
My Thoughts: When a story starts off with a high level of romance, you know it's going to be good. It was within the first few chapters that it became obvious, which came to me as a shock, considering they can't stand each other. I was expecting a greater build-up, starting with major dislike and leading into sexual tension. It was there, it just progressed a whole lot faster. Brent and Hayden are both strong-willed, so put two people like that together in a room and it's bound to cause a little bit of trouble (hence the title, lol). But seriously, their relationship was in a league of its own, entertaining and passionate. All the while, Hayden is being forced into another relationship, despite her protests. And as much as she wants to dislike Brent, it's become hard to think about letting him go. Asking For Trouble brings the trouble and then some. Tessa Bailey knows how to keep you reading. I liked the way Brent and Hayden were together, it was just the right amount of spunk and romance to keep it going strong. It kept me interested from beginning to end. My Rating: Very Good
The only thing I had an issue with is ..... THE BOOKS ARE NOT NUMBERED this book was obviously the 3rd or 4th in the series so I read this one first. I tried to look and see what came first but it didn't work out well and yes I know what i.m doing I've read over 450 books since middle of 2012 and a huge amount are series... now I'm looking what came s first again... if its too much trouble I will move on to the next but this book was aw some in every way hot and steamy great characters..etc......
Loved the fighting the sarcasm the whole story and the sex scenes were just hot enough!!
Wow what aread great
This story was good and had a lot of steamy sex scenes, but I felt the storyline depicted a juvenile alpha male who got his kicks off of judging a rich girl. I think the author was trying to depict both the alpha and heroine peeling back the layers of each others personalities to see each other's true nature. Some of the character development was weak but overall the story had a good flow. Not my favorite but worth the read.
Lots of humor especially with this couple. Started the series with this book and worked backward then forward again. This one was my favorite but they are all cute.
HOT, HOT, HOT! What a great read. I laughed, swooned, cried, and had my HEA. My first time reading a book by this author and I will be reading more. I would definitely suggest this book if you want a quick but fulfilling book to read to make you smile. The ending was so sexy.
Tessa Bailey did it again!! These two have such great chemistry and intensity its fun to read, the bantering back and forth and the sexual tension is HOT!!! Both are much more than meets the eye. a must read!
I love this book n miss bailey omg!!! This book was a real page turner, intense and need a smoke after the sex scenes even when ur not a smoker good!! Love hayed n that big ape brent lol!!! Loved that part with story flashin the judge " please don't tell my dad okay?" Lol this book had me cracking up the whole time. MUST READ PEOPLE!!!!
I truly laughed out loud, the back & forth between Hayden & Brent was great. Tessa Bailey is amazing! I want more.


text:
P.O. Box 116
Leavenworth, WA 98826
P.O. Box 116, Leavenworth, WA 98826
April 24, 2016
The Grand parade is Saturday, May 7. So put on your trachten and join us at the fun local event. The parade begins at 11 a.m. beginning at the Apple Bowl just off of Miller.
May 14 – Leavenworth Maifest
May 21 – Spokane Lilac Festival
May 28 – Westminster Hyak – Vancouver, BC
June 4 – Portland Starlight Parade
June 18 – Marysville Strawberry Festival
June 25 – Cashmere Founders' Day
July 16 – Olympia's Capitol Lakefair
July 23 – Seattle's Seafair
August 6 – Peach Fair – Penticton, BC
August 14 – Omak Stampede
September 24 – Leavenworth's Autumn Leaf Festival
Founded in 1964 Leavenworth's Autumn Leaf Festival celebrates the turning colors of the Autumn Leaves. It is the villages original festival. Together with the City of Leavenworth's decision to adopt the Bavarian theme, the Washington State Autumn Leaf Festival was instrumental in turning the town into a thriving tourist destination from a dying logging and railroad town. Today the Autumn Leaf Festival Association (ALFA) participates in parades and festival across the northwest as a founding member of the Northwest Hosting Association. ALFA's participation in those other festivals has resulted in tiny Leavenworth's festival becoming one of the premier events around the Northwest. For more information on the history and traditions of the Washington State Autumn Leaf Festival visit our About ALFA page.
The Washington State Autumn Leaf Festival Association promotes tourism and goodwill for Leavenworth and the Upper Wenatchee River Valley through participation in community parades and festivals throughout the Pacific Northwest. Working in harmony with the Royal Bavarians, Projekt Bayern, Leavenworth Chamber of Commerce, and the City of Leavenworth. ALFA supports sustainability of our local economy through its uniquely personal promotion of our community.
2nd Thursday of the Month 6:00 p.m.
280 Hwy 2, Leavenworth
Join us!


text:
Rob Gronkowski talks about Wes Welker leaving for Denver and the business side of football: 'You're always like wow'
Rob Gronkowski understands the NFL business all too well, he's been the focus of the media and fans going crazy over his crazy antics. However, when you're young and talented it's easy to forget there will come a time when teams move on from them. Gronkowski has been on the Patriots long enough to know they don't play, and when it's time to say goodbye, they do it without a kiss. Gronkowski spoke on ESPN Radio New York with Stephen A. Smith and Ryan Ruocco about the Wes Welker's departure and the business side of the NFL. "At first you're always shocked whenever moves like that happen in the NFL. You're always like 'wow.' But you're used to it now too. There's teams out there every single month, every single year that you see the best veteran player on the team get cut, get traded or whatever it is. All I can do now as a player is move forward on. He's going to be missed. He's a great guy, a great teammate and a great player. He worked very hard. Now I have to just keep working very hard and I have to keep on doing what I'm doing and trying to improve myself. Be a good teammate, be on the team, going out every practice working hard and going out to practice and doing things right now." On the business side of the NFL: "Right now, where I'm at in my career, I'm not even really worried about it. The only thing I care about is that I'm on the football field, I'm out there playing and I'm out there with my teammates going full-out. Being out at practice, being out at games and as of right now I'm on the Patriots, I'm having a blast on the team. I love the Patriots and I love the organization. To tell you the truth, I haven't ever once thought of the NFL as a business yet, the way I'm in it and the stage I'm at in the NFL. But I haven't really thought about it in the future yet, so when it comes down to that time I can answer that question better, but as of right now I'm having a blast being on the team and trying to win some games." var switchTo5x=true; stLight.options({publisher:''});
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IEEE membership options for an individual and IEEE Xplore subscriptions for an organization offer the most affordable access to essential journal articles, conference papers, standards,
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This paper presents a navigation methodology for decentralized autonomous automated guided vehicles used for material handling. The navigation methodology is based on behavior-based control augmented with multirobot coordination behaviors and a priori waypoint determination. Results indicate that the developed methodology fuses well between the desires for optimal vehicle routes on the one hand and decentralized reactive operation on the other.
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


text:
Army, DISA evaluating progress before moving forward
The enterprise e-mail project underway in conjunction between the Army and the Defense Information Systems Agency is taking a "30-day technical pause," according to a DISA official.
Army officials made the decision after discovering some shortcomings in Army business processes as well as some technical and operational issues, according to Army CIO/G-6 spokesperson Margaret McBride.
"DISA is working with the Army to refine operational performance, and we are revising business processes to ensure the user's experience is good .We expect to resume migrations soon -- after these issues are resolved," McBride said.
Related stories:
Army enterprise email move proceeds apace, DISA official says
Army may shutter AKO
"We're evaluating the transition procedures for effective service and looking to infuse some lessons learned," Dave Mihelcic, DISA CTO, said on the sidelines of the AFCEA Cybersecurity Symposium on July 15 in Washington.
DISA and the Army have acknowledged some problems as they collapse the Army's duplicative IT networks into a private cloud-based, enterprise-wide e-mail service that includes a global address directory. Eventually, the service may also replace Army Knowledge Online, its multi-purpose online portal.
In May, Army Deputy CIO Mike Krieger and then-DISA Vice Director Ronnie Hawkins conceded there have been problems with the migration tool being used to transition the nearly a million Army e-mail accounts to the new service, and it's not clear if the other military branches will eventually implement the enterprise e-mail program.
But Krieger and Hawkins said at the time that the project was still on target for completion by the end of December.
The program also appears to be dogged by funding problems. In May, House Armed Services Committee's Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee moved to strip 98 percent of the project's fiscal 2012 funding until the secretary of the Army furnished business-case and cost/benefit analyses for moving the service's e-mail to the DISA cloud.
The Army did not provide a comment by press time.
About the Author
Amber Corrin is a former staff writer for FCW and Defense Systems.
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The latest version of the Defense Department-wide Enterprise Service Management Framework places more emphasis on managing IT risk.
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Enterprise Email is coming along as it should. I work on the implementation team at DISA. Whenever a new system is brought online there are growing pains.
Any time you see something like what follows, you know there are going to be issues: The program also appears to be dogged by funding problems. In May, House Armed Services Committee's Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee moved to strip 98 percent of the project's fiscal 2012 funding until the secretary of the Army furnished business-case and cost/benefit analyses for moving the service's e-mail to the DISA cloud.
This was less a "migration" than being abruptly dumped into a new e-mail service. At our local Army installation, we have already struggled with the impacts of migration. With comments such as "group e-mail boxes might be back online by December", frequent dropped connections to servers and repeated CAC logons, people with dual-status CACs (e.g. military reserves and contractor) not being able to log in to either, and a shortstaffed network support team that is thousands of support tickets behind, everything suffers. We still have people offline after two months, and have already lost in cost of offline man-hours any savings this program would provide per user for years running.
Hmmmm !! I love saying I told you so. I think "Technical Pause" means "It ain't workin and we can't figure out what to do." Thus, we'll call it a success and move on. Are there really 800 days between 1 August and 31 December?
Dropping connections to the server. Logging in with CAC card frequently due to something. Outlook not responding after inserting an email address. Outlook not responding during the typing of an email. A few more problems I cannot remember as I type this.
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text:
Potato Crusted Red Snapper
|Instant mashed potatoes
|1 Cup (16 tbs), uncooked
|Freshly grated parmesan cheese
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Chopped fresh parsley
|2 Tablespoon
|3⁄4 Teaspoon
|1 Large
|1 Tablespoon
|Skinless boneless red snapper fillets
|32 Ounce (4 Pieces, 8 Ounce Each)
|Vegetable oil/Olive oil
|8 Teaspoon (2 Tablespoons Plus 2 Teaspoons)
In a shallow plate, stir together the potatoes, Parmesan, parsley, and salt.
In a separate bowl, stir together the egg and milk.
Dip the fish first in the egg mixture, then in the potato mixture, pressing it in until the fish is well coated on both sides.
In a 12-inch skillet, heat the oil over medium heat.
Add the fish and cook, turning it over as it colors, until golden brown and crusty, about 3 minutes per side.
Serve with lemon wedges, if you like.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 2030 Calories from Fat 724
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 82 g125.5%
Saturated Fat 18.9 g94.4%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 694.5 mg231.5%
Sodium 3708.4 mg154.5%
Total Carbohydrates 33 g11.1%
Dietary Fiber 3.2 g13%
Sugars 3.7 g
Protein 270 g539.6%
Vitamin A 61.2% Vitamin C 66.5%
Calcium 77.7% Iron 18.6%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
E. Morgan Scheiber, DMD, PC
Call (508) 746-4033
Family dentistry appointments available.
|E. Morgan Scheiber, DMD, PC Office Hours
|9am - 1pm
|2pm - 6pm
|9am - 2pm
|3pm - 6pm
|8am - 1pm
|2pm - 5pm
|7am - 1pm
|2pm - 5pm
|7am - 1pm
|Appointment Only
|Appointment Only
|Appointment Only
|Appointment Only
|Appointment Only
E. Morgan Scheiber, DMD, PC
1 Scobee Circle, Unit 2A
Plymouth, Massachusetts 02360
General Info: (508) 746-4033
We are easily accessible From Rt 3 by taking Exit 7, Route 44 West. Take the first exit heading "To Route 80 & Colony Place". Right Off Exit. Left at the second set of lights @ Wendy's and proceed through the four way stop to Resnik Road. Scobee Circle is about 1/4 of a mile down on your left. We are also available from Route 80. Take Commerce Way and go right at Wendy's. Go straight through the four-way stop onto Resnik Road.
If you are on 44 East take the "To Route 80" Exit. Right off exit and Left @Wendy's.
This office is closed on the following holidays: New Year's Day, President's Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day.
general dentistry for kids 74074
cosmetic dental procedures 95355
dentists emergency dental services Tempe 85283
full coverage dental insurance in 70737
For existing patients continuing their oral hygiene care.
Our goal is not to let expense prevent you from benefiting from the quality of care you desire and need.
Don't Forget to Floss!
Clean between teeth daily with floss or an interdental cleaner. Decay-causing bacteria can hid between teeth where toothbrush bristles can't reach. Flossing helps remove plaque and food particles from between teeth and under the gum line.
Visit Our Office Regularly!
Take good care of your smile. Remember to visit the dentist regularly for professional cleanings and oral exams.
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Brushing and flossing may not be enough. The ADA now recommends using an antimicrobial mouthwash to reduce plaque and prevent gingivitis.