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- //Home
- //Film
- //Blogs
- //Mixed Media
- //Kenneth Lonergan
- //Margaret
Kenneth Lonergan's Margaret has lived in purgatory for six years. The film, which is written and directed by Lonergan, who's past writing credits include Analyze This and Gangs of New York, and who's last directing foray was 2000's intimate and critically praised You Can Count on Me, a film that was nominated for an Oscar and won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize. After such an acclaimed directorial debut, hopes were high for Margaret, which was shot in 2005. The film stars a pre-Trueblood Anna Paquin, Mark Ruffalo, Matt Damon, and Matthew Broderick, and includes a brief, but scene-stealing appearance by Allison Janney. Even though filming took place six years ago, the film, produced by Fox Searchlight, has experienced massive delays in terms of actual release, and only hit screens in December of 2011 (the time lapse is most obvious in Matt Damon, who's skinny appearance is more reminiscent of his Good Will Hunting days than his macho turn in the Bourne series). It seems that the delays were due largely to Lonergan's insistence that the film be screened at a run time lasting about three hours. Fox Searchlight countered by stipulating that it clock in at no more than 150 minutes, which is the current timing for the movie. Lonergan maintained that the extended edition of the film, which was edited by film legend Martin Scorsese himself, who reportedly referred to the extended film as "a masterpiece", was the superlative version, and should therefore be shown to audiences.
Though a very long time in coming, the much-anticipated Margaret very recently made brief runs in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, greeting packed houses wherever it went. The film centers around Paquin's character, Lisa, who's plucky attitude is turned upside down after she inadvertently causes a bus driven by Ruffalo, to run a red light and kill a pedestrian (Janney). Lisa then must deal with the repercussions of the accident, and finds various ways to cope with her guilt, all while grappling with whether or not to out the driver for his carelessness. The film overall presents a stunning and sensitive portrayal of the grieving process, and the ripple effect that a shocking tragedy can have on those involved. Even given it's limited screening and release date dramatics, high profile film media outlets have hailed the film as note worthy, with Indiewire and Entertainment Weekly even going so far as to question why the film was not honored with an Oscar nod.
Check out the trailer for Margaret below, and look out for a screening of this hidden gem, or possibly even the extended Scorsese cut, at an (arthouse) theater near you
Michael Blume 'When I Get It Right' (EP stream) (premiere) // Music
Crystal Castles "Concrete" (Singles Going Steady) // Music
Big Top Heartbreak "My Breath Killed the Roses" (video) (premiere) // Music
Maggie Szabo "Touch The Ground" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Terribly Yours "Golden Age" (audio) (premiere) // Music
It's Not Easy Being Yellow
// Moving Pixels
"In which we consider the challenges of and the reasons for making the "wrong" color choice in Pokemon Go.READ the article


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I hear your Heart in yours Steve Really!!! Respect
I really loved the instrumentals in "But for the thirst". Thanks for visiting my page. Wishing you much success.
cool sound, thanks!
I'm enjoying your songs. Great work
Cool sound and writing!
Thx for becoming a fan.
You have good music here
Thanks for the fan!!! appreciate it. Enjoying your great music and flow right now! Got you back on all socials. Hit me back when you get a chance. All the best xx
wow you got some killer tunes there!!! keep up the excellent work!! greetings from iola 11 !!! we wish you all the best! cheers
Hi thank you for the great comment! Your tune really cool as well!
"Jungle Love" is such a cool tune!!! All the best! -Kevin

subset: commoncrawl


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FL Dept of Health in Pinellas - Public Health Preparedness Manager
- 727-507-4346
Mailing Address
8751 Ulmerton Road, STE 2000
Largo, FL 33771
Public Health Preparedness Surveillance
Surveillance at the Florida Department of Health in Pinellas County is organized and managed by the Epidemiology and Public Health Preparedness (PHP) programs. The goal of these activities is to make sure Pinellas County is aware of issues that may affect the health of the residents and visitors of Pinellas County. The sooner the threat to population's health is detected, the better the negative effects may be avoided and the better prepared we all will be to take action against a wide range of emergencies.
The Key Surveillance Activities below will give you an idea of the breadth and scope of the planning that your health department does in its effort to be fully prepared to assist the residents and visitors of Pinellas County.
Syndromic Surveillance
- syn·drome (sndrm) n.
- A group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, psychological disorder, or other abnormal condition.
- A complex of symptoms indicating the existence of an undesirable condition or quality or a distinctive or characteristic pattern of behavior.
- The Epi & PHP programs use syndromic surveillance to look for a slow-building bioterrorist attack or a trend in the health of the community.
FirstWatch™ Surveillance
- The PHP program monitors the software program that utilizes real-time information from 911 calls compared to defined patterns to determine if an unusual situation is occurring in the community.
- Some of the problem codes that are monitored are: Abdominal Pain/Problems, Breathing Problems, Sick Person (Specific Diagnosis), Unconscious/Fainting, Unknown Problem/Man Down, Carbon Monoxide/Inhalation/HazMat, and Standby HazMat Incident.
Food & Waterborne Illness Surveillance
- All incoming food/ waterborne illness complaints are investigated to determine if a food/ water source is a possible danger to the health of the community or if a bioterrorist event using a gastrointestinal illness has occurred.
- Food safety inspections are completed in conjunction with the following community partners:
- Department of Business and Professional Regulation
- Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
- Department of Business and Professional Regulation
- To report an illness due to food or water consumption, please call the Florida Department of Health in Pinellas County at (727) 507-4346.
HazMat Incident Surveillance
- PHP personnel are alerted whenever the HazMat Team is called out to investigate a possible bioterrorism incident. This allows for the tracking of the HazMat Team members in the event prophylaxis is warranted.
- PHP may also be alerted in this manner if a health question is needed in the field.
- To view active Emergency Response calls:
- PHP has worked on planning and preparedness for the BioWatch Program. The function of the BioWatch Program is to detect the release of pathogens into the air, which will then providing warning to the government and public health community of a potential bioterrorism event.
- Much about this program is protected under Department of Homeland Security rules.
Biological Detection System (BDS)
- PHP has worked on planning and preparedness for the Biological Detection System (BDS) Program for the United States Postal Service. The BDS includes a hood, designed to suck in air particles, which will be installed on the current mail-processing equipment. Testing will be done hourly wherein air particles from the mail are placed in sterile water to make a liquid sample. The sample is then inserted into a cartridge for a DNA analysis. If the test is positive for anthrax, an alarm will sound, and employees will be evacuated.
- The Health Department stores medication for the USPS employees in case of a positive Anthrax alarm.


text:
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|Dan Lewis <elderdanle...@gmail.com>
|Re: AOO always starts
|Tue, 15 May 2012 00:14:30 GMT
On Mon, 2012-05-14 at 18:53 -0400, James Knott wrote: > I recently installed AOO 3.4 on Windows 7. For some reason, it always > starts when I boot up the computer, despite "Load OpenOffice.org During > System Start-Up" not selected. > > Any ideas about how to stop it starting? > > tnx jk One thing I have noticed on my computer that is different from the OOo.3.3 is that AOO 3.4 has a Quickstarter for Linux. I very seldom shutdown or reboot my computer. But when I log out of one user's home directory to go to another, AOO opens. This happens every time I do this. Since this is the only change I have made, I believe that this may be the cause. Further proof: I disabled quickstarter, logged out, and logged back in. AOO did not start. --Dan --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
Fast Fixin' Chocolate Fudge
|Confectioners sugar
|32 Ounce (2 Packages Of 16 Ounce Each)
|Unsweetened cocoa
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Chopped nuts
|1 1⁄2 Cup (24 tbs)
|Vanilla extract
|2 Tablespoon
Set Power Select at HIGH.
In large microwave-safe bowl, mix sugar and cocoa.
Add milk and butter (do not stir).
Heat 4 1/2 to 6 minutes or until butter is melted; add nuts and vanilla, stirring until smooth.
Spread into well greased oblong baking dish; chill until firm.
Cut into squares to serve.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 6262 Calories from Fat 2947
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 234 g359.7%
Saturated Fat 117.7 g588.4%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 495.1 mg165%
Sodium 69.9 mg2.9%
Total Carbohydrates 1056 g352%
Dietary Fiber 95.2 g381%
Sugars 883 g
Protein 53 g106.3%
Vitamin A 114.8% Vitamin C
Calcium 18.2% Iron 0.44%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 20, 1999
|Filing date
|Jun 19, 1997
|Priority date
|Jun 19, 1997
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Michael L. Duffy, Mohammad J. Navabi
|Original Assignee
|Cypress Semiconductorcorp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (15), Classifications (9), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application may be related to co-pending application entitled "CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL) WITH LINEAR PARALLEL SAMPLING PHASE DETECTOR", Ser. No. 08/878,714 filed on Jun. 19, 1997 Attorney Docket Number 64,663-048 (CD97026), which is commonly owned by the assignee of the present invention, and hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to phase detection circuitry, and, more particularly, to a parallel sampling phase detector with linear output response for use, for example, in data recovery applications.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
There has been much investigation in the area of high bit rate transmitting/receiving circuitry, owing in no small part to the demand for increased bandwidth by the communications industry. In response, organizations such as the IEEE have proposed serial data communications standards with data rates in the Gigabit per second range. To eliminate the need for a separate conductor or optical fiber link carrying a companion clock signal, the above-noted serial communications standards generally call for the timing or clock information to be embedded in the data transmission itself. To insure proper transmission of timing information, it is conventional to require, in the data bitstream, a minimum number of transitions per unit time. To this end, various encoding schemes have been developed (e.g., 8B10B, which defines a 10-bit data word), that transmit a sufficient number of transitions to insure recovery of timing at the far end.
With this background, it has been conventional practice for high speed data recovery systems to use a high frequency voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) having a frequency substantially equal to the transmission bit rate (line bit rate). Conventional phase detectors, charge pump/loop filters, and VCOs are used to extract the embedded clock from the incoming data stream, and generate a "clean" clock signal operating at the incoming data bit rate. The "clean" clock is used to synchronize the sampling of the incoming data. The sampled data, which is recovered, conventionally, in a serial fashion (i.e., just like the incoming data stream), is then converted using a serial-to-parallel conversion circuit to produce an n-bit data word.
A problem with the foregoing approach, especially as the incoming data bit rate increases into the high frequency (e.g., greater than 1 Gigabit per second range) is that such a system requires a very high frequency VCO (producing a clock signal operating at the line bit rate), and an extremely fast phase detector. This results in relatively high power consumption. In some cases, the called-for bit rate is so high that it may be impractical to generate at all using some (e.g., standard CMOS) semiconductor processes. Moreover, to implement the serial-to-parallel conversion, fast shift registers must be used, which further increase the already relatively high power consumption.
Another approach in the art has been to use a VCO generating multiple phases, each at a frequency lower than the line bit rate, and use these VCO phases with multiple phase detectors. In this approach, fixed pulsewidth "pump up" and "pump down" control pulses are generated which, as is well known, are filtered and used to generate a control signal which varies the output frequency of the VCO. A disadvantage with this approach is that the fixed pulsewidth "pump up" and "pump down" signals result in an increased sensitivity to duty cycle distortion (i.e., a "dead zone" is caused by the fixed pulsewidths which do not provide a linear indication of the phase difference between the VCO clocks and the incoming data stream). In addition, use of the fixed pulsewidth "pump up" and "pump down" signals result in data dependent phase jitter.
Thus, there is a need to provide an improved system for phase detection and/or data recovery that minimizes one or more of the problems as described above.
The present invention provides a parallel phase detector architecture, and one advantage of that architecture is that a VCO output frequency may be reduced relative to the incoming data bit rate, which in turn reduces the power consumption. For example, according to the invention, a VCO frequency may be fVCO =bit rate/n, where n is equal to the number of phase detector stages used in the parallel architecture.
Particularly, in one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for detecting the phase of an input signal relative to an output signal is provided. The apparatus, in one embodiment, includes a plurality of phase detector circuits each coupled to receive the input signal. Importantly, each phase detector provides a phase difference signal proportional to a phase difference between the input signal and the output signal. The apparatus further includes means responsive to the phase difference signal for generating the output signal. In a preferred embodiment, the phase difference signal comprises "pump up" and "pump down" signals wherein one of the pump up signal and the pump down signal, for each phase detector circuit, has a variable pulsewidth to thereby provide a linear response. In the preferred embodiments, the output signal may include a plurality of phases each operating at a frequency lower than the line bit rate of the input signal. This architecture obviates the need for a single, high frequency VCO output signal. A device according to this aspect of the present invention therefore achieves low power consumption. The linear phase detectors substantially minimize sensitivity to duty cycle distortion as well as data dependent jitter.
In another aspect of the present invention, an improved phase detector is provided which has a linear output. The phase detector may be used during one phase of a multi-phase VCO output signal, such as established by an embodiment according to the first aspect of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the phase detector includes a D-type memory element, a function gate, and means for generating a pump down signal. The D-type memory element has an input terminal configured to receive an input signal, and an output terminal. The function gate has first and second input terminals, and an output terminal configured to generate a pump up signal. The first and second input terminals of the function gate are connected to the input and output terminals of the D-type memory element. The pulsewidth of, preferably, one of the pump up signal and the pump down signal is proportional to a phase difference between the input signal, which may be an incoming data signal, and the output signal, which may be generated from a multi-phase VCO. The pump down signal generating means is responsive to at least one of the pump up signal and the memory element output signal to generate the pump down signal.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to one skilled in the art from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings illustrating features of this invention by way of example, but not by way of limitation.
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram view of a parallel sampling phase detector according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a simplified, schematic and block diagram view of a linear phase detector in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram view illustrating one implementation of the summing circuit shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a simplified, schematic diagram view of one implementation of the VCO circuit illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a simplified, timing chart diagram view showing various signal waveforms associated with apparatus 10.
Before proceeding to a detailed description referenced to the drawings, an overview description of the architecture of the present invention will be set forth. The basic phase lock loop (PLL) architecture according to the present invention utilizes a multi-phase output VCO, and a plurality of linear output phase detectors operating in parallel. Each phase detector operates within a respective preselected "window" determined as a function of preselected ones of the plurality of phases of the VCO circuit (designated φ0 . . . , φ2n-1) where n is the number of phase detectors used in any particular design. Each phase of the VCO runs at a frequency that is reduced relative to the incoming data bit rate, namely fVCO =bit rate/n. Additionally, each phase detector generates a phase difference signal, preferably a pump up pulse, that has a variable pulsewidth that is proportional to the phase difference between the incoming data (i.e., specifically the timing information embedded in the incoming data stream), and the various phases of the VCO output, which are fed back to each of the linear phase detectors. Since the need for a single, high-frequency VCO output clock operating at the data bit rate has been eliminated, low power consumption is achieved. Moreover, since each of the phase detectors provides a linear phase response, sensitivity to duty cycle distortion and data dependent jitter are substantially minimized. Finally, since each phase detector also operates as a deserializer, the need for fast shift registers to perform a conventional serial-to-parallel conversion is also eliminated, thus further decreasing power consumption.
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference numerals are used to identify identical components in the various views, FIG. 1 shows a linear parallel sampling phase detector and deserializer apparatus 10 having a linear response in accordance with the present invention. Apparatus 10 may include a plurality of linear phase detectors and deserializers 121, 122, . . . , 12n, a summing circuit 14, a loop filter circuit 16, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 18, and an n-bit data register 20.
The following detailed description of apparatus will be made for a data recovery application. It should be understood, however, that the metes and bounds of the present invention are not so limited, the scope of the present invention limited only by the appended claims.
As indicated in the Background, the input data signal may have embedded therein timing information. For example, certain, standard line encoding schemes, such as 8B10B ensures a minimum transition density. Each phase detector 12n generates a phase difference signal, indicated in FIG. 1 as a pump up signal PUn, and a pump down signal PDn, that together define the phase difference signal. The phase difference signal is proportional to a phase difference between the timing information represented in the input data signal, and the timing information defined by one or more of the plurality of phases of a clock signal. The clock signal is provided by VCO 18, specifically illustrated as the plurality of VCO output phases or phase signals φ0, . . . , φ2n-1 of VCO 18.
The phase difference signals are summed by summing circuit 14, and the summed phase difference signals, specifically the sum of the pump-up signals, and the sum of the pump-down signals, are applied to loop filter circuit 16. Loop filter 16 develops a control signal, designated Scontrol, that has a magnitude indicative of the above-mentioned phase difference. The control signal Scontrol, as applied to VCO 18, varies the phase and frequency of the phases φ0, . . . φ2n-1 of VCO 18 so that they are substantially phase locked to the input data signal.
As mentioned above, in the preferred embodiment, each phase detector 121, 121 . . . , 12n operates according to its own control signal, preferably a "window" signal. Respective window signals (Wn--best shown in FIG. 2) are generated as a function of preselected ones of the phases of VCO 18, and is preferably active-high In the preferred embodiment, the window signal performs one function of enabling/disabling certain other components, and may therefore also be characterized as an enable signal. Each phase detector 12, 122 . . . , 12n generates a respective pump-up signal during the active state of its window signal, and, further, samples data during this active state. The sampled data signals, designated DS1, DS2, . . . , Dsn, are captured by data register 20, which holds each one of the sampled data signals to output, collectively, an n-bit parallel data word, where n equals the number of linear phase detectors.
In a constructed embodiment, five (5) linear phase detectors are provided (i.e., n=5). Thus there are, in this embodiment, ten (10) separate phases or output signals of VCO 18, designated φ0, φ1, φ2, . . . φ9 (best illustrated in FIG. 5).
The preferred embodiment, which has five linear phase detectors, is particularly suited for use in certain data communication schemes that employ ten-bit data words. However, the number of phase detectors may be varied to accommodate predetermined design objectives. For example, factors involved in selecting the number of phase detector stages include the die area consumed by the resulting design, the power savings realized by effectively reducing the frequency of the VCO output, and the complexity involved in reassembling the captured data word into the desired length data word. For example, for some applications, using only 2 phase detectors may not sufficiently lower the VCO output frequency to realize enough power savings, although this design does provide reduced die area usage (relative to the usage of a higher number of phase detectors). In addition, for n=2, there is some design complexity involved in "gluing" five (5) two-bit words together to make, for example, a ten-bit data word.
On the other hand, for n=10, the resulting apparatus may, in some applications, be deemed to consume too much die area (i.e., ten linear phase detectors 12n), although such an embodiment would have a fairly straightforward data word reassembly circuit, as well as reduced power savings due to a much reduced VCO output frequency of its multiple phases. To reiterate the principle behind the power savings realized by an embodiment according to the invention, the frequency of each one of the 2n phases of the VCO clock output is substantially equal to: fVCO =bit rate/n. Thus, as n increases, the frequency of the individual phases of the VCO output decreases, thus reducing the number of transitions, and, accordingly, power consumption.
FIG. 2 shows a preferred implementation of one of the linear phase detectors 12n. Any linear output phase detector may be used to implement an embodiment of the present invention. That is, any phase detector that provides an output that is proportional to or linearly corresponds to a phase difference between the input signal, and one or more phases of a clock signal (e.g., VCO output phases) may be used. For example, such a linear phase detect-or is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,459, entitled "SIGNAL DETECTION APPARATUS" issued to Hogge, Jr., and hereby incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, however, at least one, and most preferably each one of the linear phase detectors 12n comprises the circuit illustrated in FIG. 2.
Linear phase detector (LPD) 12n may include a first D-type memory element 22, a function gate, such as an exclusive OR (XOR) gate 24, a first means for conjunctively joining signals, such as an AND gate 26, and means 28 for generating a pump down signal PDn which comprises a second D-type memory element 30, a second conjunctively joining means, such as a second AND gate 32, and a third conjunctively joining means, such as a third AND gate 34.
D-type memory element 22, in a preferred embodiment, is a D-type latch 22 (as illustrated in FIG. 2). It should be appreciated that latch 22 is responsive to or sensitive to the pulse duration of Window signal Wn. However, in alternate embodiments, a D-type flip flop 22' (not shown) may also be used. A D-type flip flop 22' is, as well known, sensitive to or responsive to pulse transitions (e.g., edge triggered).
In addition, function gate, particularly XOR gate 24, is illustratively shown as having an enable input terminal. A logic high on the enable terminal enables gate 24 for output; however, a logic low applied thereto causes the output to, preferably, be generated in a logic low state.
The invention, in a preferred embodiment, couples a D-type latch 22 with an XOR gate 24 having an enable/disable input. Alternatively, in another embodiment, D-type latch 22 may be coupled with an XOR gate 24 without an enable/disable input terminal. In a further alternative embodiment, a D-type flip flop 22' may be coupled to a XOR gate having a disable/enable input terminal.
Each LPD 12 is configured to receive the input data signal. In addition, each LPD 12 receives preselected phases of the VCO 18 output. For the embodiment of the invention where the number of linear phase detectors is equal to five (5), the specific VCO phase applied to the clock inputs of detector 12i designated in FIG. 2 as CKO, CK7, CK4, CK2, and CK8, are set forth in Table 1 found below.
TABLE 1______________________________________Clock Routing for Five Parallel StagesStage CK0 CK2 CK4 CK7 CK8______________________________________1 φ0 φ2 φ4 φ7 φ82 φ2 φ4 φ6 φ9 φ03 φ4 φ6 φ8 φ1 φ24 φ6 φ8 φ0 φ3 φ45 φ8 φ0 φ2 φ5 φ6______________________________________
AND gate 26 may use clocks CK0 and CK7 to generate a window signal Wn. In the preferred embodiment where the circuit of FIG. 2 is used for all of the phase detectors, n window signals are generated. Each LPD 12n therefore generates a respective window signal W1, W2, . . . , Wn. The window signals have an inactive state, preferably a logic low level, and an active state, preferably a logic high level.
When the window signal Wn is inactive (Logic "0"), the latch 22 is enabled (note the inverting enable input). Therefore, the data signal appearing on the Q-output terminal tracks the input data signal applied to the D-input data terminal. XOR gate 24, however, is disabled, having a logic low signal applied to its enable input terminal. It therefore generates a pump up signal PUn that is inactive, preferably a logic "0." Even were XOR 24 not forced low, the output of XOR 24 would nonetheless be low since both of its inputs (i.e., the D-input and the Q-output from latch 22) are permitted to track each other, and will thus be the same under most operating conditions, which generates a logic "0" output for an XOR function.
When the window signal Wn is active (logic "1"), however, latch 22 is disabled. Thus, the Q-output terminal is no longer allowed to track changes occurring in the input data signal. Specifically, the Q-output terminal maintains the logic state appearing on its D-input terminal when the window signal Wn transitioned to the active state. The window signal Wn is generated in an active state so as to begin roughly one-half bit period before the time for a transition of the input data signal, and to continue one-half bit period after such nominal data transition time. This assumes that apparatus is substantially phase locked to the incoming data. Of course, due to the random nature of data, no transition may in-fact occur in the input data signal between two adjacent bit periods. This is expected; however, VCO 18 is stable enough to maintain phase lock with the incoming data signal for a preselected period of time even without any timing information (i.e., transitions).
However, should a data transition occur (e.g., a "01" bit pattern or a "10" bit pattern), the pump up signal will be generated. Specifically, the two inputs to XOR gate 24 will differ during the active part of the window signal. Since the XOR gate 24 is enabled when the window signal is active, such occurrence will generate a pump-up signal PUn for the duration of the active state of the window signal Wn after the transition (of data). When the window signal Wn subsequently transitions to the inactive state, latch 22 will again be enabled so that the Q output can track the D input, thus terminating generation of the pump-up pulse PUn.
The sampled data signal DSn is stable curing the time when the window signal Wn is active, and thus may be captured by data register 20 using conventional means as a function of one of the phases of VCO 18.
To the extent that a data transition occurs at a time other than the precise middle ("eye") of the active window signal Wn, the resulting duration or pulsewidth of the pump up signal PUn will vary. Particularly, the PUn signal will be either elongated or foreshortened, relative to a one-half bit period pulsewidth. That is, when a phase difference between the input data signal and the window signal Wn is substantially zero the pulsewidth of the pump up signal PUn, in the preferred embodiment, will be approximately one-half bit period. This is because the input transition occurs at substantially the precise middle of the bit period. However, if the data transition occurs earlier than expected, then the pulsewidth of the PUn signal will be elongated; conversely, if the transition in the input data signal is deferred or otherwise occurs later than expected, then the pulsewidth of the pump up signal PUn will be foreshortened.
Pump down signal generating means 28 may generate, in the preferred embodiment, a fixed pulsewidth pump down signal PDn, most preferably having a pulsewidth of one-half bit period. As mentioned above, when the phase difference between the VCO output and the timing information embedded in the input data signal is substantially zero, the pump up signal PUn is also substantially equal to one-half bit period. As will be described in further detail below, the loop filter 16 employed in the preferred embodiment is responsive to a difference in the pulsewidth of the pump up signal relative to the pump down signal (for each phase detector 12n). Thus, at least one of the pump up and pump down signals may be controlled to vary according to the above-defined phase difference. This provides enough information to loop filter 16 to generate the control signal Scontrol. Most preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the pump up signal PUn is varied. However, the pump down signal PDn may be varied while keeping the pump up signal PUn constant. In another alternative embodiment, both the pump up and pump down signals may be varied to define a phase difference signal. However, varying both the PUn and PDn may require more complex circuitry; therefore, in the most preferred embodiment, the pump up signal is varied, while the pump down signal has a fixed pulsewidth.
Means 28, in the preferred embodiment, will only generate a pump down signal PDn when a corresponding pump up signal PUn has just previously been generated. This ensures that the proper balance of pump up and pump down signals are provided to loop filter circuit 16.
Means 28 operates to generate PDn as follows. Assume that D-type memory element, preferably D-type latch 30 has been reset (either during initial power up or due to the application of an active CK4 clock signal after the most recently generated pump down signal). In such case, the edge signal EDGEn (operating as a "gating" signal to AND gate 34) is a logic zero, thus driving the output of AND gate 34 to a logic low. Whenever a pump up signal PUn is generated, the logic high generated thereby enables latch 30, which causes a logic "1" to flow from the D-input to the Q-output. This logic "1" is applied to AND gate 34, thus enabling it for output. AND gate 34 generates a pulse signal Pn having, in the preferred embodiment, a pulsewidth substantially equal to one-half bit period. Thus, when the pulse signal Pn is generated, AND gate 34, already enabled by the EDGEn signal, simply passes the pulse signal Pn through to generate the fixed pulsewidth pump down signal PDn on an output terminal of gate 34. Subsequent to the generation of the pump down signal PDn, the CK4 clock signal (derived from one of the phases of VCO 18) resets latch 30, causing the EDGEn signal to again become a logic "0", thus disabling AND gate 34 from generating any further pulse down signals PDn (until again enabled by an active EDGEn). Note that means 28 is thus responsive to PUn to generate the PDn signal. In addition, a D-type flip flop 30' (not shown) may be substituted for latch 30 (in an alternate embodiment).
FIG. 3 shows a digital implementation of summing circuit 14, and which includes a pump up OR gate 36U and a pump down OR gate 36D. Since the respective pump up signals and pump down signals generated from each linear phase detector 12n preferably do not overlap (due to the non-overlapping nature of the respective window signals Wn), the relatively simple implementation illustrated in FIG. 3 suffices. Of course, the number of alternate implementations are limited only by the skill of those in the art.
Loop filter circuit 16 is well-known and conventional in the art, and may take any one of a plurality of known forms. Functionally, circuit 16 generates a control signal Scontrol that has a magnitude corresponding to the difference between the pulsewidths of the summed pump up signals ΣPU, and the summed pump down signals ΣPD. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,459 to Hogge, Jr. discloses a loop filter including long-term integrators substantially performing this function. Of course, there are alternatives that would function equally as well in one or more of the embodiments described herein.
FIG. 4 illustrates one implementation of VCO circuit 18 according to the present invention, and which includes a plurality of differential inverting elements 381, 382, 383, . . . 38n. The differential inverting elements 38n may be connected to form a ring oscillator. Ring oscillators are well known in the art, and any one of the plurality of known conventional ring oscillators may be used in the present invention. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 548,251 entitled "High-Frequency Clock Generator Using Lower Frequency Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator" describes one ring oscillator, and is hereby incorporated herein by reference. The control signal Scontrol is applied to each inverting element for adjusting its switching speed (i.e., input-to-output delay) which in turn changes the operating frequency of the ring. Positive and negative polarity taps associated with each inverting element 38n may be used to derive the various phases φ0, . . . , φ2n-1 used in the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
Register 20 may be configured to capture the sampled data signals DS1, DS2, . . . , DSn being sequentially generated by phase detectors 121, 122, . . . , 12n. Register 20 is also configured to output an n-bit parallel data word. In one embodiment, register 20 may comprise n flip flops (falling edge triggered) arranged to receive the sampled data signals, and further to receive an inverted version of the respective window signals associated with a corresponding phase detector. The inversion would provide a small delay so that latch 22 in each detector could stabilize its Q-output (i.e., DSn signal). Since each detector, in-effect, acts as a deserializer, there is no need for a fast shift register--only, for example, a plurality of flip flops defining register 20. It should be appreciated that the register is not required for operation of the invention--a serial output may be appropriate and/or desirable and/or required.
Referring now to FIG. 5, an overall description of the operation of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention will now be set forth. The description to appear hereinafter is for an embodiment including five (5) linear phase detectors 12. Since n=5, there are 10 phases or phase signals associated with the output of VCO 18, shown as φ0, φ1 . . . φ9 in FIG. 5. Each phase φn has a frequency equal to: bit rate/5. In addition, FIG. 5 shows the bit periods associated with the input data signal for exemplary data bits D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5.
FIG. 5 also shows the non-overlapping nature, in the active state, of window signals W1, W2, W3, and W4 (window signal W5 for the embodiment where n=5 is not shown for clarity).
When the VCO 18 output phases are substantially phase locked to the input data signal (i.e., the phase difference is substantially zero), then input signal transitions which may occur due to changing data will occur substantially in the exact center of the active part of the window signal Wn. For example, assume that a data transition occurs at a time to for the case where the phase error is substantially zero. This transition substantially coincides with certain edges of preselected ones of the output phases of VCO 18. Also, as shown in the trace of window signal W1, time to occurs substantially in the center of the active part of window signal W1. This causes phase detector 12 to generate a pump up signal PUn that has a pulsewidth substantially equal to one-half of a bit period. This is shown in the third trace from the bottom of FIG. 5.
However, assume that the input signal transition occurs, due to data changes, at an earlier time tearly relative to to by an amount Tearly. Then the generation of the pump up signal PU will commence earlier, thereby elongating the pulsewidth of the pump up signal. This is shown in the second trace from the bottom of FIG. 5.
Conversely, assume that the input signal transition occurs at a later time relative to to by an amount Tlate, namely at time tlate. Then the generation of the pump up signal will commence at a later time, thereby foreshortening the pulsewidth of the pump up signal PU. This is shown in the bottom trace of FIG. 5.
Accordingly, as shown in the bottom three traces in FIG. 5, the pulsewidth of the pump up signal varies in accordance with a phase difference between the input data signal and the VCO output clock (collectively). The specific circuitry of the illustrated embodiment varies the time when the pulse commences while maintaining fixed the time when the pulse stops; however, this feature is not limiting in nature, but only exemplary.
Since the pump down signal, in the preferred embodiment, is of a fixed pulsewidth, as shown in the fourth trace from the bottom in FIG. 5, the difference in pulsewidth between the pump up signal and pump down signals is proportional to the above-mentioned phase difference. This difference in pulsewidth will cause the magnitude of the control signal Scontrol generated by loop filter 16 to vary. The varying magnitude of the control signal Scontrol varies the output phase and frequency of the various phases of VCO 18.
In addition, in the most preferred embodiment, each of the phase detectors are configured to operate on a corresponding one of a plurality of consecutive bit positions of the input data signals. For example, FIG. 5 shows consecutive bit positions D0-D4, and in the preferred embodiment having 5 phase detectors, each phase detector operates on a respective bit. For example, phase detector 121 operates on D0, detector 122 on D1, detector 123 on D2, detector 124 on D3 and detector 125 on D4. The cycle is started over with the next group of consecutive bits (e.g., detector 121 operates on D5, etc.)
An embodiment according to one aspect of the invention defines a PLL architecture that utilizes a multi-phase output VCO, and a plurality of linear output phase detectors operating in parallel. Each phase detector operates according to its own preselected "window" determined as a function of preselected ones of the VCO phases. Each phase detector generates a phase difference signal, preferably a variable pulsewidth "pump up" pulse, that has a pulsewidth that is proportional to the phase difference between the incoming data, and the VCO output signals. Since the single, high-frequency VCO output clock has been eliminated, lower power consumption is achieved. Moreover, since each of the phase detectors provides a linear phase response, sensitivity to duty cycle distortion and data dependent jitter are substantially minimized.
In an embodiment according to another aspect of the present invention, a linear phase detector is provided that generates a phase difference signal that linearly corresponds to a phase difference between the input signal, and an output signal--namely, the output phases of the VCO). Specifically, a phase detector, according to this aspect of the invention, generates a pump up signal that has a variable pulsewidth, and a pump down signal having a fixed pulsewidth. A D-type memory element is combined with a function gate lo generate the pump up signal; however, the D-type memory element, and, optionally, the function gate is controlled (i.e., enabled/disabled) by a window signal. This "windowing" permits it to be employed in a parallel sampling phase detector system, such as in the first aspect of the invention.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it is well understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made in the invention without, departing from the spirit and scope thereof, which is limited only by the appended claims. For example, although many of the signals were described as being either active-low or active-high, it should be appreciated that complementary logic relative to that described herein is fully within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 10, 1980
|Mar 29, 1983
|Motorola, Inc.
|Linearized digital phase and frequency detector
|May 26, 1983
|Aug 13, 1985
|Rockwell International Corporation
|Signal detection apparatus
|Jun 12, 1987
|Sep 20, 1988
|Bell Communications Research, Inc.
|Phase and frequency detector circuits
|Jun 23, 1995
|Aug 20, 1996
|Electronics Research & Service Organization
|High-frequency clock generator using lower frequency voltage controlled ring oscillator
|Dec 11, 1995
|Mar 24, 1998
|Texas Instruments, Incorporated
|Half symbol delay calibration for phase window centering
|"A 0.8-μm CMOS 2.5 Gb/s Oversampling Receiver and Transmitter for Serial Links;" Chih-Kong Ken Yang and Mark A. Horowitz; Dec. 1996; 2015-2023.
|"A 0.8μm CMOS 2.5Gb/s Oversampled Receiver for Serial Links;" Chih-Kong Ken Yang, Mark A. Horowitz; Feb. 9, 1996; 200-201, 158-159, 410.
|"A 1.0625Gbps Transceiver with 2x-Oversampling and Transmit Signal Pre-Emphasis;" Alan Fiedler, Ross Mactaggart, James Welch, Shoba Krishnan; Feb. 7, 1997; 238-239, 186-187, 420.
|"A 1.25Gb/s, 460mW CMOS Transceiver for Serial Data Communication;" Dao-Long Chen, Michael O. Baker; Feb. 7, 1997; 242-243, 190-191, 422.
|A 0.8 m CMOS 2.5 Gb/s Oversampling Receiver and Transmitter for Serial Links; Chih Kong Ken Yang and Mark A. Horowitz; Dec. 1996; 2015 2023.
|A 0.8 m CMOS 2.5Gb/s Oversampled Receiver for Serial Links; Chih Kong Ken Yang, Mark A. Horowitz; Feb. 9, 1996; 200 201, 158 159, 410.
|A 1.0625Gbps Transceiver with 2x Oversampling and Transmit Signal Pre Emphasis; Alan Fiedler, Ross Mactaggart, James Welch, Shoba Krishnan; Feb. 7, 1997; 238 239, 186 187, 420.
|A 1.25Gb/s, 460mW CMOS Transceiver for Serial Data Communication; Dao Long Chen, Michael O. Baker; Feb. 7, 1997; 242 243, 190 191, 422.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 18, 1998
|Jun 6, 2000
|Cypress Semiconductor Corp.
|Phase detector
|Apr 29, 1999
|Jun 13, 2000
|Cypress Semiconductor Corp.
|Phase detector with extended linear range
|Jul 28, 1999
|Aug 8, 2000
|Cypress Semiconductor Corp.
|Phase detector with extended linear range
|May 7, 1999
|Oct 24, 2000
|Cypress Semiconductor Corp.
|Optimal delay controller
|Jan 28, 1998
|Apr 24, 2001
|Agere Systems Guardian Corp.
|Phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit containing a sampled phase detector with reduced jitter
|Jun 5, 2000
|May 1, 2001
|Cypress Semiconductor Corp.
|Phase detector
|Jan 15, 1998
|Dec 18, 2001
|Lsi Logic Corporation
|Serial data transceiver architecture and test method for measuring the amount of jitter within a serial data stream
|Feb 15, 2000
|Apr 23, 2002
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Circuitry to support a power/area efficient method for high-frequency pre-emphasis for chip to chip signaling
|Feb 15, 2000
|May 21, 2002
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Power/area efficient method for high-frequency pre-emphasis for chip to chip signaling
|Apr 17, 2001
|Sep 24, 2002
|Nec Corporation
|Jitter detecting circuit for detecting cycle-to-cycle jitter
|Dec 20, 2002
|Jun 7, 2005
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Voltage controlled oscillator
|Jun 28, 2005
|Jul 15, 2008
|Silicon Laboratories Inc.
|Linear phase detector and charge pump
|Mar 29, 2007
|Jun 1, 2010
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Fast lock circuit for a phase lock loop
|Apr 5, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Symmetrical range controller circuit and method
|Jun 28, 2005
|Jan 19, 2006
|Silicon Laboratories Inc.
|Linear phase detector and charge pump
|U.S. Classification
|327/12, 327/155, 327/9, 327/5
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 19, 1997
Owner name: CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NAVABI, MOHAMMAD;DUFFY, MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:008751/0913
Effective date: 19970617
|Nov 26, 2002
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|Jan 22, 2007
|Fee payment
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|Feb 21, 2011
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 20, 2011
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 11
|Jul 20, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Mar 21, 2015
Owner name: MORGAN STANLEY SENIOR FUNDING, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION;SPANSION LLC;REEL/FRAME:035240/0429
Effective date: 20150312


text:
|From the Podium
Presidencies event: taking stock of progress made during the Bonn Climate Change
Conference - May 2016
26 May 2016
At the "Presidencies event: taking stock of progress made during the Bonn Climate Change Conference - May 2016," held on 26 May 2016, the COP 21/CMP11 Presidency represented by H.E. Ambassador Laurence Tubiana, and the incoming COP 22/CMP 12 Presidency represented by H.E. Ambassador Aziz Mekouar, together with the Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC, Chairs of the SBSTA, SBI and the Co-Chairs of the APA, provided information to Parties and non-Party stakeholders on the highlights of the work conducted so far, areas where coherence is needed, and what measures are proposed to enhance collaboration among the various bodies to achieve balance and comprehensiveness in the conduct of their work, including addressing linkages on issues that cut across various bodies. Views were invited from Parties on the progress made.
Ambassador Tubiana reminded participants that this was her last official engagement as the Presidency of COP 21/CMP 11. The Executive Secretary took the floor to extend her deepest appreciation to Ambassador Tubiana. Parties and observers in the room responded with a standing ovation as their expression of appreciation to her for her outstanding work in the lead up to and during the Paris Conference last year as well as her work this year as the high-level Champion of the Presidency, which she will be continuing.
Open-ended informal consultations by the incoming-Presidency of COP22/CMP12 on the
expectations for the Marrakech Conference
25 May 2016
13.15-14.45 CEST, Chamber Hall
The open-ended informal consultations by the incoming-Presidency of COP22/CMP12 on the expectations for the Marrakech Conference took place on Wednesday 25 May to solicit views from Parties and observers. Reassuring all participants that the Marrakech Conference would focus on producing concrete action and solutions with a view to ensuring successful implementation of the Paris Agreement, the incoming-Presidency underlined that it would fully respect the Party-driven process of the UNFCCC, guided by the principles of openness, transparency, and inclusiveness.
Opening remarks of the incoming-Presidency of COP 22/CMP 12 (275 kB)
|News of the Convention and Protocol Bodies
|Implementation Updates
Italy accepted Doha Amendment
Enforcement branch of the Compliance Committee, 28th meeting
20-21 June 2016
Documents and meeting information for the 28th meeting of the enforcement branch of the Compliance Committee are available online.
More information
View webcast (begins 20 June 2016)
Implementation Updates
|High-level champions corner
The high-level champions, Ms. Laurence Tubiana, French Ambassador for Climate Change and Ms.
Hakima El Haite, Minister Delegate to the Minister of Energy, Mines, Water and Environment of
Morocco, in charge of the Environment have published their global climate action roadmap
to boost cooperative action between governments, cities, regions, business, investors and
citizens to cut emissions rapidly and help vulnerable nations build their own clean energy,
sustainable futures.
At the same time, they launched a global consultation on the roadmap. Deadline for submissions of view is August, 1, 2016. They also published calendar of key events on climate action, the first of which was the First Alliances and Coalitions Global Forum, that was held in Rabat (Morocco), on 23 and 24 June, 2016. An aide memoire thereof (498 kB) has been published.


text:
Revolving Door
Who's coming and who's going. Tell us about your job move! Receive the Revolving Door Newsletter with expert analysis by email twice a week.
June 30, 2014: Kristen Hamilton has been named news director at KHQA in Quincy, Ill. She had been content manager at WXIN in Indianapolis. (TVSpy)


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XCOM: Enemy Unknown characters "look like GI Joes"
In this new XCOM: Enemy Unknown developer diary, art director Greg Foertsch shares some of the Firaxis team's unusual vision and inspirations for the strategy-hybrid's future world.
Foertsch mentions that his intention isn't to make characters look like real soldiers so much as action figures.
XCOM: Enemy Unknown is a tactical combat game in the same vein as the original 1990's releases, as opposed to 2K Marin's shooter, simply titled XCOM. In development by the team behind Civilization, Enemy Unknown has drawn keen attention from the PC elite, but is on its way to consoles as well, possibly later this year.
Thanks, Blue's News.
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Accused should be given reasonable time to plead guilty: Madras HC
Madurai: It was imperative for trial courts to
explain to an accused the offences under which he or she is
booked and give reasonable time to plead guilty or not guilty
when he or she appeared in court in response to summons or
produced by police, the Madras High Court has held.
The observation was made by Justice KBK Vasuki while
setting aside the conviction as well as the punishment imposed
on a married couple by Tiruvallur Judicial Magistrate on March
14, 2007 on the basis of their supposed confession on the same
day in a case registered under Sec.75 (Penalty for drunkenness
or riotous or indecent behaviour) of the Madras Police Act.
In their revision petition, the couple contended they were
sentenced without even being produced before the Magistrate.
Also, neither the case document was provided to them nor an
opportunity given to engage a lawyer to argue the case
registered by police.
The case was registered by the Pattambiram Police in
Chennai outskirts on a complaint lodged by a woman, who was
"inimical" to them due to some dispute, the petitioners said.
Allowing the petition, Justice Vasuki said "In this case,
the couple were not given time. The serious allegations raised
on the side of the learned counsel for the Petitioners has
full force of law and the entire proceedings are liable to be
vitiated for violation of Sec 251 (Magistrate to state
Substance of offence to the accused) of the Code of Criminal
The Judge remitted the case back to the Magistrate for
retrial which should be concluded in three months.
She also set aside the penalty of Rs.500 imposed on the
two petitioners as well as the order to undergo simplement
imprisonment of two weeks in case of failure to pay the fine
and ordered refund of the amount.
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Most boomers' parents didn't grow up with cars as their ultimate status symbol. A lot of them had to interrupt their joyriding days in order to save the world from war. And the generation that followed us cared more about fancy technology than something on four wheels.
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To help our readers navigate the coming year in higher education, University Business proudly presents Outlook 2015. In-depth stories cover the major trends impacting administration and management, enrollment and retention, finance, facilities, technology, and teaching and learning. We interviewed administrators and other experts in each of these topics to capture their predictions about what 's on the horizon for colleges and universities.
Beginning in 2016, when prospective students to the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (Ind.) submit their SAT scores and transcripts, they'll be asked to take a personality quiz to help the school determine who has the right stuff to succeed.
"I've always felt there's something missing in admissions, something that we can do better," says Jim Goecker, vice president of enrollment management and strategic communication.
The often-used businesses term "right-sizing" has in recent years become common in higher education. Though sometimes used as a euphemism for "downsizing," it more rightly refers to an effort to optimize enrollment, human resources, programs and facilities—in other words, fixed costs.
There are a host of factors that should go into the analysis when an institution is attempting to match demand with its capacity to meet that demand.
The number of Americans age 18 to 21, the traditional college age, has decreased by nearly 700,000 since 2011—from 18.1 to 17.4 million—according to research from the University of Virginia. With this decline, many colleges could turn to older non-first-time students to maintain enrollment numbers and financial goals.
At the end of the 2014 Little League World Series star pitcher Mo'ne Davis got the call of her life. Mo'ne is only in 8th grade but already she has new learning and earning options. Head Coach of the University of Connecticut women's basketball team Geno Auriemma acknowledged the 13 year old's athletic prowess with a congratulatory phone call. A few days later Auriemma was hit with a recruiting violation – go figure. "That's the world that we live in" said Geno Auriemma in response to the NCAA ruling. It is indeed.
Recruiting students from outside the U.S. can have big pay-offs when interest in this group is at an all-time high. A recent report shows enrollment of international students at U.S. colleges and universities increased by seven percent to a record high of 819,644 students in the 2012-13 academic year.
Colleges and universities of all types and sizes are planning new investments in virtually all areas of operations as economic recovery entrenches itself in higher education, according to a University Business survey of campus leaders.
Have net price calculators, merit scholarships and tuition discounts rendered sticker price meaningless? Not according to numerous surveys on the topic.
The findings of three separate surveys over the past two years on the topic of cost and decision to apply suggest that students and parents give strong consideration to advertised price. A 2012 studentPOLL survey, a joint venture between the College Board and Art & Science Group, reported that more than one-half of families ruled out colleges based on sticker price alone.
Financial aid is in a state of flux, but an institution's size and selectivity offer clues to what kind of student assistance gets prioritized.
Some public flagships and less-selective private schools are using increased merit aid to lure higher achievers from more prestigious private schools, while some highly selective colleges and universities are phasing out merit aid as they give more need-based assistance to bring lower-income students to campus.
Colleges and universities are ramping up services for international freshmen and sophomores as administrators increasingly look abroad to further diversify their campuses and to expand enrollment with students who pay full tuition.
Admissions officers: Would more students enroll if you could bring your campus and its top-flight learning spaces along on recruiting trips?
That technology—powered by YouVisit.com's online campus tours and a virtual reality headset called the OculusRift—is just over the horizon, now being tested by a small group of institutions.
Historically, Western Michigan University's 12 on-staff recruiters could visit as many as 40 or 50 high schools in a week and collect up to 1,000 paper cards filled with prospective students' contact information. Due to poor handwriting or other errors, not all the information was entered accurately. Then, five weeks could pass before students received any kind of follow-up communication from the university.
Although managing enrollment efforts has never been easy, it was not that long ago when the traditional funnel was somewhat predictable.
As an admissions counselor in my early days, I could easily work backward to set goals for my territory, starting with my goal for the number of enrolled students. I then used historical data and three-year trends to forecast the number of admits, applicants and inquiries needed from my territory to achieve the goal.
A decline in high school graduates and students applying to more institutions are what one expert sees as the two main reasons more colleges and universities are struggling to meet their admission yield targets.
The average yield rate among four-year colleges and universities fell from 42.9 percent in 2009 to 36.9 percent in 2012, according to the National Association for College Admission Counseling's "State of College Admission 2013" report.
Five years after the Great Recession's official end, higher ed endowments and fundraising are finally recovering, but there is no rising financial tide that's lifting all boats—especially smaller ones that depend heavily on tuition.


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Hi everyone,
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Location:United States - San Diego Department:Sales Management Description Alert Logic, the leader in security and compliance solutions for the cloud, provides Security-as-a-Service for on-premises, cloud, and hybrid infrastructures, delivering deep security insight and6/19/2016 San Diego, CA Save This Job
Finance San Jose, CA, United States About MapR: At MapR, we provide the industry's only converged data platform that integrates the power of Hadoop and Spark with global event streaming, real-time database capabilities, and enterprise storage, enabling customers to harness6/22/2016 San Jose, CA Save This Job


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A ship carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the United States became the first LNG carrier to pass through the enlarged Panama Canal on Monday.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection has created a dedicated team to monitor violations of coastwise shipping rules as supporters tout the Jones Act's homeland security benefits.
Major freight railroads in the United States employed 152,426 workers as of the middle of June 2016, down 0.2 percent from the previous month and 11.55 percent year-over-year, according to data from the Surface Transportation Board.
Registration takes less than 1 minute.
Former Macy's distribution center manager Rudy Rampertab pleaded guilty in the U.S. District Court in Cincinnati to one count each of mail fraud and money laundering.
The proposed change would give NVOs and import buyers the ability to directly transmit the Importer Security Filing, which is expected to improve security and eliminate confusion over who should file.
The third-party logistics company is closing a distribution center in southeast Memphis, which will result in the largest lay off announced by any company in the Memphis metro area so far this year.


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Film Series: Friday Talking Pictures - 'Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser'
Above: Promotional graphic for the film, "Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser"
Join us on November 16th starting at 2:30pm for the Friday Talking Pictures Film Series, featuring a post-film discussion lead by guest speaker Professor Pierre Désir. This week the film, "Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser" starring Thelonious Monk, John Coltrane and Jimmy Cleveland will be played.
About the Film:
A documentary film about the life of pianist and jazz great Thelonious Monk. Features live performances by Monk and his band, and interviews with friends and family about the offbeat genius.
For more information and additional films, visit http://www.sandiegolibrary.org/
Location: Central Library Auditorium 820 E Street, San Diego, CA 92101 Google Map


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Do you have a personal story that you would like to tell us regarding Social Security, Medicare, or any other issue relating to aging services and programs? If so, please use the form below to share it with us. We might be able to use it on our website or for a media interview. In some cases, we might contact you to see if you are available to tell your story in person during an event on Capitol Hill or in your local area. We will contact you if we decide to use your information. Thank you.
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Sign up to receive National Committee updates on Social Security and Medicare.
Two Party Platforms –Two Starkly Different Views on Social Security
The Democratic Platform released today clearly shows that the differences between how the Democratic and Republican parties will approach the future of Social Security couldn't be starker. The GOP platform promises to consider all benefit cut options, refuses to lift the payroll tax cap and suggests sending Americans' earned benefits to Wall Street through privatization. The Democratic Party platform, on the other hand, offers the strongest statement on strengthening Social Security seen in decades.
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Prudential would like to play dress up with every member of your organization. From uniforms to career apparel, Prudential Overall Supply rents, sells, and leases workwear to those in food service, health care, manufacturing, and the government. The company also rents and sells industrial-grade products (entrance and logo mats) and janitorial supplies – more... (dust mops, paper towels, and cleansers). In addition to its products, Prudential offers industrial cleaning and laundering services. The company operates about 25 branches in the US, more than half of which are located in California, and sells its products online and through catalogs. Prudential has been family owned and operated since its founding in 1932.
Prudential reported revenues of some $142 million in 2011.
The company stretched further into the west in 2012 by acquiring Denver-based Denver Service Center, which supplies cleanroom laundry services to Colorado's largest hi-tech companies. – less


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MELBOURNE, Australia -- Australia's Scott Draper and
Samantha Stosur won the Australian Open mixed doubles title Sunday,
beating Kevin Ullyett of Zimbabwe and Liezel Huber of South Africa
6-2, 2-6, 7-6 (6).
Draper and Stosur teamed at the last minute after her original
partner withdrew.
"I thought of Scott and I'm really glad he said yes," Stosur
Draper, also a pro golfer, had to juggle sports over the past
four days, playing in his first pro golf event Friday morning and
winning his mixed doubles semifinal Friday afternoon. He missed the
cut in the Victoria Open with rounds of 79 and 74.
"It's been interesting," Draper said. "We've got a Grand Slam
title now and no one can take that away from us."
Draper, who qualified for his Australasian PGA Tour card in
December, is hoping for a start in next week's Heineken Classic at
nearby Royal Melbourne, but might have to qualify Monday. Ernie
Els, Greg Norman, Colin Montgomerie and Adam Scott are entered.
"Scott's having a bit of a blinder -- he's one of the luckiest
guys in the world, to be able to go out in the morning and play
golf and then come out in the afternoon and win a Grand Slam
title," Ullyett said. "He's the envy of the male population."
On Saturday, Ullyett and Wayne Black won their second Grand Slam
doubles title, beating Americans Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan 6-4, 6-4.
In the junior finals Sunday, second-seeded American Donald Young
beat top-seeded Kim Sun-yong of South Korea 6-2, 6-4, and
top-seeded Victoria Azarenka of Belarus defeated 12th-seeded Agnes
Szavay of Hungary 6-2, 6-2.


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05/31/2016 | Geostationary Es'hail-2 Satellite Set to Launch this Year
Launch of the geostationary Es'hail-2 satellite into orbit is planned for December 2016.
Learn More
02/22/2016 | Fox-1E (RadFxSat-2) Selected for Participation in NASA's CubeSat Launch Initiative
RadFxSat-2, the Space Radiation Effects CubeSat — also known as Fox-1E — has been selected to participate in NASA's CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI).
Learn More
12/15/2015 | AO-85 Slow Scan TV Image Likely a Prank, Not a Test
A Slow Scan TV (SSTV) image that a Brazilian radio amateur reported receiving on December 13 from Fox-1A (AO-85) was most likely a prank, not any sort of official test of the satellite's SSTV capabilities. AMSAT Vice President for Engineering Jerry Bux...
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10/27/2015 | UKube-1, the UK Space Agency's First National Spacecraft, Completes its Mission
UKube-1, the UK Space Agency's first national spacecraft, has now completed its nominal mission following more than 14 months of operation. Although the USKA-supported mission phase has ended, discussions are underway with AMSAT-UK about the possibilit...
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01/12/2015 | Shin'en 2 Designated as Fuji Oscar 82
The Shin'en 2 spacecraft has been designated as Fuji Oscar 82.
Learn More
09/01/2014 | 73 on 73 Award Period Now Underway
The 73 on 73 Award period began on September 1.
Learn More
01/28/2011 | ARISSat-1 Blasts Off
The new AMSAT ARISSat-1 satellite is on its way to the International Space Station
Learn More
10/22/2009 | SumbandilaSat Now OSCAR 67
The South African Amateur Radio satellite SumbandilaSat has been officially designated SumbandilaSat-OSCAR 67, or simply OSCAR 67. Last weekend, the satellite was successfully activated and tested with a number of contacts
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These bedrooms are classic for a reason: their popularity. Classic bedrooms are neutrally decorated and offer a wide range of amenities and creature comforts including fine cotton sheets, flat screen TVs and free WiFi.
Bedrooms may vary from the one shown. If a specific bedroom is desired please speak to a member of the team.
At a glance
- Located in the Classic wing
- Hypnos Lansdowne cashmere mattress for a great night's sleep
- Complimentary WiFi
- Finest quality toiletries produced exclusively by Gilchrist and Soames
- Air-conditioning
In room services & amenities
Room details
Located in Classic wing
Views are of the outdoor swimming pool or youthful beech orchard
Accessible bedrooms are available on request
Room service 24 hours a day
Turn down
Wake up call
External arrangements can be organised with a local dry cleaning company, 24hr turnaround time
Beds & bedding
Hypnos Lansdowne cashmere mattress for a great night's sleep
Sumptuously snug duvets
Finest fibre pillows made exclusively for Hand Picked Hotels
Bed throws and a selection of cushions
37" / 42" flat screen TV with Freeview and SKY Sports
DVD and CD player and complimentary use of the hotel's movie selection
Complimentary WiFi and broadband socket
Media hub to connect devices to TV
Iron and ironing board
Hospitality tray offering a selection of fairtrade teas, coffees, hot chocolate and biscuits
Still and sparkling water
Fresh milk
In-room digital safe
Air conditioning / heating
Selection of lifestyle magazines
Full length dressing mirror
Clothes brush
Trouser press
Hair dryer
Hand Picked bathrobes (available to purchase)
Amenity kit
Look out for the do not disturb forest animal in your bedroom on arrival, these are also available for purchase from reception on departure
Fixtures & fittings
Bedside light
Luggage rack
Interior lit wardrobe
Desk with reading lamp
Seating area and coffee table
Blackout curtains
Vanity mirror
Bath with in-built rain shower
Towel rail
Finest quality toiletries produced exclusively by Gilchrist and Soames
Quality cotton hand towel, bath sheet, face cloth and bath mat


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Honey... Honey... Lion!by Jan Brett
View All Available Formats & Editions
The African plains provide a stunning environment for Jan Brett's latest animal adventure. For as long as anyone can remember, the honeyguide bird and the African honey badger have been partners when it comes to honey:Honeyguide finds the honeycomb, Badger breaks it open, and they share the sweetness inside.
But this day, Badger keeps all the honey for
The African plains provide a stunning environment for Jan Brett's latest animal adventure. For as long as anyone can remember, the honeyguide bird and the African honey badger have been partners when it comes to honey:Honeyguide finds the honeycomb, Badger breaks it open, and they share the sweetness inside.
But this day, Badger keeps all the honey for himself. Foolish Badger!
In no time, Honeyguide leads Badger on a fast chase. Badger thinks it's for honey; but Honeyguide has a surprise waiting for her greedy friend.
As they swim across a pond, push through a thicket of reeds, leap over a huge anthill, a menagerie of exotic animals passes the news along in a kind of animal Bush Telegraph. Finally Badger faces a lift-the-flap page, revealing the twist that teaches Badger a lesson. Can you guess who's under that flap?
Honey . . . Honey . . . Lion! will surely become a family favorite for readers of all ages.
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9780147513526
- Publisher:
- Penguin Young Readers Group
- Publication date:
- 05/15/2014
- Edition description:
- Reprint
- Pages:
- 32
- Sales rank:
- 267,528
- Product dimensions:
- 8.80(w) x 10.80(h) x 0.20(d)
- Lexile:
- 710L (what's this?)
- Age Range:
- 4 - 8 Years
Meet the Author
Jan Brett and her husband, Joe, have visited Botswana three times. Their guide, Ali Tiego, told them the true story of the honeyguide, and then the legend—if you don't share the honey, the next time the honeyguide will lead you to a lion! "Ali taught us that large cats could be hiding anywhere, especially under the candle pod acacia," Jan says. "In Tswana, the language of Botswana, this shrub is called 'the house of the lion.'"
How does news travel without any telephones? "It's a bush telegraph, we were told. Ali is always listening to the sounds. The yelp of a jackal or a guinea hen's cackle spells out a whole story—if you know how to listen."
You can visit Jan Brett at www.janbrett.com
Customer Reviews
Average Review:
and post it to your social network
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See all customer reviews >
The book I read was Reluctantly Alice. This book was by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. This book was mainly about a girl named Alice, in the beginning of the book she starts Junior High and finds it very difficult, because it's like a whole new world for her. Her boyfriend is ignoring her a lot and in a way they kind of break up, because they both have troubles of their own, but are still best friends throught the book. But Alice's mother died when she was a very little girl and sometimes has that a mother can only answer, and that kills her a lot. During the first month or so Alice is actully enjoying junior high and with a positive attitude. Until she gets on the wrong side of the bully at schol, and, well I don't want to give to much information, you will just have to find out for yourself. What i liked about this book was just the fact that it was a really good book, the conflict really interested me, because I also loved the topic. The author used a happy and most of the time scared voices because of the bully, and Alice always with her friends. The author didn't use a lot of challenging words so it's an easy read. The characters seemed real because the author was very good at explaing the characters. I am very used to reading this authors book, because I have read all the Alicfe book, but overall I liked this authors writing style. I liked the ending of this book, it ends with Alice, her brother and her dad, being the three musketeers, and always sticking up for eachother. I would recommend this book to anyone who is going to start Junior High, and also for girls, because its's more of a girls book then boys, I know that a lot of girls would ebjoy it. In conclusion I really liked this book, and hope others' will to.


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OSI-Approved Open Source (38)
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- Artistic License 2.0 (2)
- GNU Library or Lesser General Public License version 3.0 (2)
- Apache Software License (1)
- Artistic License (1)
- Common Development and Distribution License (1)
- Fair License (1)
- Mozilla Public License 1.1 (1)
- Qt Public License (1)
- zlib/libpng License (1)
- Creative Commons Attribution License (4)
- Public Domain (2)
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( pro ping )pinger network alert monitor
Pinger alert, STATICTICAL TABLES, send EMAILs or SMS by SMS GATEWAY10 weekly downloads
3D Slicer
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A simple php shop script
Very simple php mysql shopping cart script with minimal features. This project aims to release the most simple shopping cart php mysql script ever. With literally no bells and whistles features at all.
APPX BANG! Business Application Software
appx-BANG! (Business Applications Next Generation) customizable financial accounting and distribution applications for business use. Graphical, client-server, Internet enabled, scalable (General Ledger, Payables, Receivables, Payroll, Inventory, & more)2 weekly downloads
Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA)
simulated annealing optimization and importance-sampling13 weekly downloads
AgED - Analysis given Experimental Data1 weekly downloads
American Football League Manager
Description: Create a web based (PHP/Java/TCL/Perl) application to support managment of a PeeWee or School football leagues. Including support of multiple user interfaces: HEAD OFFICE: staffing, scheduling, teams, team rosters, player and team stat5 weekly downloads
Android Script Creator
Create\Open Android update-script, Fast and Easily.279 weekly downloads
Automated Security Tools
Automated Security Tools (autosec) aims to provide automatic tools which network administrators may use to help check and test the security of their network.1 weekly downloads
CMME, Content Management Made Easy is an open source web content management system that aims to be easy to use and doesn't have many requirements. CMME is file based, no database needed. For a user, CMME works a lot like a wiki.1 weekly downloads
Celtic Legends
A classic turn-based strategy game.1 weekly downloads
Chippy is a free and open source adventure game in development where the player controls an AI agent named "Chippy", a small robotic chip that takes control of enemy robots and uses their abilities to fight other robots and solve puzzles.
Cicerone Information Portal
Cicerone is a multi-platform, multi-server, multi-database, web-based corporate information system like no other. Completely web-driven and accessible through any 4.x web browser, Cicerone allows your company to create and maintain information on the fly1 weekly downloads
CryptoPy is a pure python implmentation of cryptographic algorithms and applications. The algorithms are developed for readability more than speed. The collection now includes IEEE 802.11i specific algorithms that generated the test vectors for 802.11i.4 weekly downloads
A Deformable Medical Image Registration Toolbox1 weekly downloads
The DesignCMS system is designed specifically for graphic designers who do not have the time or inclination to learn server side scripting such as ASP, and who need to provide professional content management to completely non-technical end users
Dominion MUD
A fantasy based multi-user role-playing game. This server should run on all unices, it has been tested on Linux, Solaris, SunOS, DG/UX and HP/UX. There is no client, the standard telnet will do. It is based on CircleMUD 3.0.3 weekly downloads
Dzcomm RS-232 API
Dzcomm is an RS-232 API for as many OS / platforms as we can achieve. Originally designed to work on DOS alongside the allegro games programming library it can now work work alongside it as well as independently of it and works on some unixes as well.15 weekly downloads
ECDSA Signing interface
A cross platform implementation of ECDSA (elliptic curve digital signature algorithm) interface to the aSuretee Token.1 weekly downloads
ECLiPSe CLP
ECLiPSe Constraint Logic Programming System113 weekly downloads
Eddie acts as a high availability WAN and LAN clustering tool for web servers (including Apache). It provides load balancing at two levels (DNS and LAN), failover redundancy, and admission control to maintain quality of service levels.1 weekly downloads
Oracle Call Interface (OCI) binding for Erlang
Exclaim! allows you to share anything with anyone.
File Synchronizing Tool
A file sync tool to synchronize folder pairs on one machine or between two hosts.1 weekly downloads
Software Tool for Processing and Analysis of Propagating Channel Measu1 weekly downloads


text:
Chris Tucker Reaches Settlement in Alleged Blackmail Scheme
John Monopoly & FakeshoreDrive Present The Go Ill Major Label A&R Showcase
HHW's unique celebrity weekly-format and 26x frequency have made it the #1 news and entertainment source for young adults.
Copyright © 2014 Hip Hop Global Media, LLC.
All Rights Reserved.


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Today Across the U.S.
Today, millions of Americans are on a diet. Tomorrow, most will fail. But at Ignite, we guarantee success!
If you have a shallow dug well, and you have less than 1 foot of water, you really don't hav…
24 Hour Heating and Cooling, LLC is an Arizona-based HVAC company that has been creating safe,


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Discover a selection of top forums best lineage on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums best lineage and meet other fans of best lineage. Then, why don't you create your own forum of best lineage ?
OldSchooL Lineage 2 clan official forum
free, forum, dont, fool, oldschool


text: AdChoices Terms of Use Privacy Policy Hide VIDEO Men's Lifestyle Parrot AR. Drone 2.0: CES 2013 Video Parrot AR. Drone 2.0: CES 2013 Video The Parrot AR. Drone 2.0 AskMen Editors January 10, 2013 Share Tweet 0 Shares At CES 2013 the most incredible of gadgets make their first appearances, AskMen talks to Julien Galou of AR Drone to check out their latest crazy gadget. Check out the wireless electric charging Rolls Royce. Tech Gadgets technology apps Comments Share your opinion Your name More Like This Men's Lifestyle Vuforia: Augmented Reality For An Entirely Different Experience Live At CES 2013 Read More Tech News 6 Apps You Should Be Downloading Right Now Read More Tech News Facebook's New Plan To Control Your Smartphone Read More Top 10 Check Out Sirius XM's Crazy New App Read More Top 10 Better Man The Galaxy S4 Launches Tonight Read More Entertainment and Celebrities Tiger Woods' Comeback, Angry Birds Space & More! Read More Around the Web Special Features Special Feature The Ultimate Guide To Hooking Up Online Read More Guy Gear The Best Watches Under $500 Read More


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Welcome to Our Caring Community
We are here to support you in awakening your greatest potentials. We have many classes every day, and a shop with everything you need to support your journey.
We believe in the classical yoga tradition and its holistic approach to healing and awakening on every level.
Most of our classes are suitable for all levels of fitness and experience, and will help you to build and sustain a strong athletic foundation.
Our yoga systems are designed to create a balanced structural integrity and mobility in the bones, joints, and muscles while supporting healing and wellness in every system of your body.
Nurturing connection to your true spirit by helping you to create your best body, clearest mind, and kindest heart.
Today's Classes
About Be Evolution Yoga
Welcome to our warm community! We focus primarily on traditional hot yoga classes (our hot room is maintained between 100°-106°, depending on seasonal weather conditions) that are suitable for people of all levels of condition and experience. Our athletic, therapeutic, and aligned classes are led by our crew of truly caring and attentive teachers. We love to meet you wherever you're at, connecting you to your deepest strengths while supporting the therapeutic healing and balancing of your body / mind. In our not-hot room, we have melty Yin Yoga and Restorative classes to help you unwind and release. We'd love to walk the path of yoga with you and look forward to seeing you in class!
Events / Workshops
I never believe testimonials so I absolutely cannot believe I am writing one that I can tell you, if I were reading it, would think it was written with some ulterior motive. But every word is true… So here goes. I began hot yoga almost three years ago when a physical therapist told me after months of treatment that he could do no more to help me regain full mobility in my shoulder which had been frozen for at least two...
Current Promotions
Benefits of Yoga
- Reduces stress and tension
- Increases vitality, energy, and relaxation
- Increases blood circulation
- Keeps joints healthy
I started coming a month ago and haven't stopped since. It is an Awsome Experience each time!!! Thank You for offering such a great opportunity to better our Souls and Physical beings.


text:
Omphacite—a mineral under pressure!
Version of Record online: 15 MAR 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2451.2012.00830.x
© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, The Geologists' Association & The Geological Society of London
Geology Today
Volume 28, Issue 2, pages 71–75, March/April 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
McNamara, D. D. (2012), Omphacite—a mineral under pressure!. Geology Today, 28: 71–75. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2451.2012.00830.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 15 MAR 2012
- Version of Record online: 15 MAR 2012
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
The mineral omphacite is one of the primary constituents of eclogite facies (high pressure, high temperature) rocks. It commonly acts as the framework supporting mineral in eclogite facies rocks found in subduction and collision zones. As such this mineral is under pressure, from geologists, to provide insights into how eclogite facies rocks deform and metamorphically evolve. These insights, which are a key factor in omphacite studies, have implications for our understanding of the processes operating throughout the evolution of mountain building events.


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RT KETCHIKAN(KTN) to MEDFORD(MFR)
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Strong price pressure could join the list of problems facing PC component suppliers, who are already struggling to deal with slumping volumes. Digitimes reports Taiwanese notebook contract manufacturers want component vendors to "lower their quotes for 2013" in order to offset the profit hit caused by declining system ASPs and lower utilization rates. DRAM prices have already tumbled, and Goldman argued yesterday Intel's ASPs are vulnerable.
Strong price pressure could join the list of problems facing PC component suppliers, who are...
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Taxpayers Don't Stand a Chance is an in-depth case study on the perennial election battleground State of Ohio, including a microanalysis of Ohio's political landscape. It describes how Ohio went from being an economic and political leader to a national laggard. As shown by specific examples, Ohio's fall occurred because the political system puts entrenched interests ahead of taxpayers, and politicians spend precious resources on the wrong issues or make things worse. With the news media's failure to give equal coverage to conservative ideas and to expose government excesses, voters are unable to make informed decisions. The political and journalistic failures stop key economic reforms from being implemented, make it impossible for Ohioans to prevent higher taxes, and keep Ohio indentured to labor unions. These failures are not just occurring in Ohio but are happening in states and localities everywhere. In Taxpayers Don't Stand a Chance, Matt Mayer lays out major reforms aimed at giving taxpayers everywhere a chance to fight back and win.
Matt A. Mayer is the President of Provisum Strategies which provides strategic and tactical political and policy advice to public and private-sector clients. He also serves as President of Opportunity Ohio, as a Visiting Fellow with The Heritage Foundation, and as a Research Fellow at the Oklahoma Council of Public Affairs. He previously served as President of the Buckeye Institute for Public Policy Solutions, Ohio's top free market think tank.
Policy Analyst, Western Hemisphere
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A book event co-hosted by ADF InternationalIn the second edition of his book Censored – How European Hate Speech Laws are Threatening Freedom of Speech, — Read more
Co-hosted by the National Review Institute College students today face a university environment that is largely hostile to the principles of a free society. University administrators — Read more
Co-hosted by the GI Film FestivalChaplain Justin David Roberts served 6 years active duty as an Army Chaplain. Before he left the Army in 2015 — Read more
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