text:
The first surgical use of the system took place at St. Rose Dominican Hospital in Henderson, Nevada. Robert Wiencek, MD, performed the surgery.
The system is designed to combine traditional cerclage cables and anterior plates and eliminate micro-motion in the sternum.
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text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text: DSpace Collection: http://hdl.handle.net/2381/539 2016-07-27T13:31:38Z 2016-07-27T13:31:38Z Supplicants and Guardians: the petitions of Royalist widows during the Civil Wars and Interregnum, 1642–1660 Worthen, Hannah http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37167 2016-04-07T02:27:44Z 2016-04-06T13:48:18Z Title: Supplicants and Guardians: the petitions of Royalist widows during the Civil Wars and Interregnum, 1642–1660 Authors: Worthen, Hannah Abstract: During the Civil Wars and Interregnum Parliament sought to fund its war effort by confiscating Royalist estates. The widows of Royalist landowners were left without a husband and without the prospect of any means of support unless they could regain those lands. These women petitioned Parliament alongside Royalist men in the interests of themselves and their families. They used emotive language of distress, sophisticated knowledge of their entitlement to inherited lands as well as accounts of their husband's actions and their own assertions of loyalty. The petitions of Royalist widows remind us that women throughout history had the capacity to respond to the realities and aftermath of war with tenacity and resilience. Description: The file associated with this record is under embargo for 18 months from the date of first publication. 2016-04-06T13:48:18Z Keeping track: Modern methods, administration and the poor law King, Steven Andrew Carter, P. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37124 2016-04-18T12:19:21Z 2016-04-04T09:55:07Z Title: Keeping track: Modern methods, administration and the poor law Authors: King, Steven Andrew; Carter, P. Abstract: x 2016-04-04T09:55:07Z Dissecting Jack the Ripper: An Anatomy of Murder in the Metropolis Hurren, E. T. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37114 2016-04-05T02:24:57Z 2016-04-04T08:31:26Z Title: Dissecting Jack the Ripper: An Anatomy of Murder in the Metropolis Authors: Hurren, E. T. Editors: Johansen, A.; Levy, P. Abstract: x 2016-04-04T08:31:26Z The English Pauper Letter 1790-1830 King, Steven A. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37095 2016-03-22T03:34:49Z 2016-03-21T16:02:52Z Title: The English Pauper Letter 1790-1830 Authors: King, Steven A. Abstract: The historiography of English literacy has been dominated by a singular myth: the poor had an oral culture that fused slowly and imperfectly into a written culture only by the mid- and late nineteenth-century. While it is certainly true that the English poor had a strong oral culture, it is misleading to point to low literacy levels. My research on pauper letters suggests that the poor could and did write, either as an individual or collective endeavour. They sent letters to potential advocates, magistrates and above all to the officials who controlled the welfare system. These were more than petitions, often embodying sophisticated rhetorical and claims-making processes and fulfilling the intertwining purposes of communicating fact, establishing entitlement and navigating a discretionary welfare system. These letters – examples of oral writing – survive in their hundreds of thousands and in the absence of any organised or recognised class of scribes we can be confident that they approximate to the words, experiences and thoughts of the poor themselves. This article explores the English pauper letter, looking at structure, direction, content, rhetoric and inter-textuality, and with a particular focus on the first half of the nineteenth century. The pauper letter, I argue, both reflects and creates the agency of the poor. Description: The file associated with this record is under embargo while permission to archive is requested from the publisher. 2016-03-21T16:02:52Z 'The Truth About the Concentration Camps'. Werner Schäfer's Anti-Brown Book and the Debate on Early Nazi Terror Moore, Paul James http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37039 2016-03-15T03:30:23Z 2016-03-14T12:01:52Z Title: 'The Truth About the Concentration Camps'. Werner Schäfer's Anti-Brown Book and the Debate on Early Nazi Terror Authors: Moore, Paul James Editors: Gregor, N.; Heal, B. Abstract: x Description: The file associated with this record is under a 24-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-03-14T12:01:52Z 'Too many kill'em. Too many make 'em ill': The Commission into Rottnest Prison as the context for Section 70 Roscoe, Katherine http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36923 2016-03-01T03:29:23Z 2016-02-29T16:24:02Z Title: 'Too many kill'em. Too many make 'em ill': The Commission into Rottnest Prison as the context for Section 70 Authors: Roscoe, Katherine Abstract: x Description: The file associated with this record is under embargo for 3 months from the date of publication. 2016-02-29T16:24:02Z Introduction: Networks in Imperial History Curless, Gareth Hynd, Stacey Hynd Alanamu, Temilola Roscoe, Katherine http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36922 2016-03-01T03:29:25Z 2016-02-29T15:49:35Z Title: Introduction: Networks in Imperial History Authors: Curless, Gareth; Hynd, Stacey Hynd; Alanamu, Temilola; Roscoe, Katherine Abstract: x Description: The version archived is under permanent embargo. To be replaced with publisher version on publication. 2016-02-29T15:49:35Z Comparing maternal genetic variation across two millennia reveals the demographic history of an ancient human population in southwest Turkey Ottoni, C. Rasteiro, Ana Rita Willet, R. Claeys, J. Talloen, P. Van de Vijver, K. Chikhi, L. Poblome, J. Decorte, R. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36880 2016-02-26T03:26:41Z 2016-02-25T10:54:50Z Title: Comparing maternal genetic variation across two millennia reveals the demographic history of an ancient human population in southwest Turkey Authors: Ottoni, C.; Rasteiro, Ana Rita; Willet, R.; Claeys, J.; Talloen, P.; Van de Vijver, K.; Chikhi, L.; Poblome, J.; Decorte, R. Abstract: More than two decades of archaeological research at the site of Sagalassos, in southwest Turkey, resulted in the study of the former urban settlement in all its features. Originally settled in late Classical/early Hellenistic times, possibly from the later fifth century BCE onwards, the city of Sagalassos and its surrounding territory saw empires come and go. The Plague of Justinian in the sixth century CE, which is considered to have caused the death of up to a third of the population in Anatolia, and an earthquake in the seventh century CE, which is attested to have devastated many monuments in the city, may have severely affected the contemporary Sagalassos community. Human occupation continued, however, and Byzantine Sagalassos was eventually abandoned around 1200 CE. In order to investigate whether these historical events resulted in demographic changes across time, we compared the mitochondrial DNA variation of two population samples from Sagalassos (Roman and Middle Byzantine) and a modern sample from the nearby town of Ağlasun. Our analyses revealed no genetic discontinuity across two millennia in the region and Bayesian coalescence-based simulations indicated that a major population decline in the area coincided with the final abandonment of Sagalassos, rather than with the Plague of Justinian or the mentioned earthquake. 2016-02-25T10:54:50Z White Men In Quarantine: Disease, Race, Commerce And Mobility In The Pacific, 1872. Foxhall, Katherine http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36831 2016-02-24T03:24:17Z 2016-02-23T13:07:48Z Title: White Men In Quarantine: Disease, Race, Commerce And Mobility In The Pacific, 1872. Authors: Foxhall, Katherine Abstract: x Description: The file associated with this record is under an 18-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-02-23T13:07:48Z Is it time for an elemental and humoral (re)turn in archaeology? Jones, Richard Miller, Holly Sykes, Naomi http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36698 2016-02-12T03:22:34Z 2016-02-11T13:06:28Z Title: Is it time for an elemental and humoral (re)turn in archaeology? Authors: Jones, Richard; Miller, Holly; Sykes, Naomi Abstract: This paper asks whether archaeologists might profitably re-engage with the pre-Enlightenment doctrines of elemental philosophy and humoral theory as paradigms more relevant for archaeological interpretation in certain contexts than much of current theoretical discourse. These ancient cosmologies are here reconceptualised to suggest ways in which archaeologists might provide fairer representations of past cultures, through the re-adoption of ideas that they understood rather than through the imposition of more recent and thus anachronistic frames of analytical reference. In four brief case-studies, the paper seeks to show how the foregrounding of elemental and humoral theories might lead to new ways of thinking about the study and interpretation of the landscape, material culture, consumption, and the senses. Through them, the paper looks to encourage reflection on whether elemental and humoral theories represent the intellectual paradigms that archaeologists have been striving to invent since the discipline's creation. 2016-02-11T13:06:28Z Mais, miseria e "mania pellagrosa": i pazienti del Polesine e Veneti nei manicomi di San Servolo e San Clemente a Venezia (1840-1910) Gentilcore, David Carmine Priani, E. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36646 2016-05-13T08:32:02Z 2016-02-10T09:54:13Z Title: Mais, miseria e "mania pellagrosa": i pazienti del Polesine e Veneti nei manicomi di San Servolo e San Clemente a Venezia (1840-1910) Authors: Gentilcore, David Carmine; Priani, E. Editors: Gasparini, D Abstract: Il 19 aprile del 1881 un « terriere » trentaduenne viene ammesso all'ospedale di Adria, con febbre e delirio. Perchè soffermarsi sul caso di A.F., simile atanti altri casi di pellagrosi che hanno raggiunto lo stadio della malattia mentale? La malattia di A.F. potrebbe anzi sembrare piuttosto lieve, dato che dura poco più di tre mesi e che il paziente esce guarito dal manicomio; le sue condizioni di vita peró non cambiano e quindi le cause che hanno determinato la sua malattia rimangono inalterate. Comunque, proprio perché il caso di A.F. è tipico, ci offre tanti spunti per capire la « pazzia pellagrosa »—le sue caratteristiche, le sue cause, le sue cure—durante le seconda metà dell'Ottocento. In particolar modo, data la tematica specifica di questo volume, il caso ci dà la possibilità di capire come e in che modo venivano curati i malati originari del Polesine; in ciò consiste anche lo scopo principale del presente saggio. Tra i diversi obiettivi del nostro progetto di ricerca vi è anche quello consistente nella costruzione di un data base delle cartelle cliniche dei due manicomi veneziani. La creazione del data base fa parte di una metodologia di ricerca pluralistica, visto che il nostro approccio verso lo studio del passato da sempre mette insieme metodologie qualitative e quantitative, esperienze individuali e di gruppo, indagini microstoriche ma con uno sguardo verso il quadro generale, ponendo domande « storiche » condizionate da intuizioni antropologiche e sociologiche. I dati che presentiamo in questo saggio sono tutti ricavati dal nostro data base, la cui implementazione, ad oggi, è in fase conclusiva. Il data base del nostro progetto è costruito interamente sulle cartelle cliniche dei pazienti dei due manicomi veneziani di San Servolo, per gli uomini, e San Clemente per le donne. 2016-02-10T09:54:13Z Making modern migraine medieval: men of science, Hildegard of Bingen and the life of a retrospective diagnosis Foxhall, Katherine http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36258 2016-01-15T17:24:44Z 2016-01-12T09:56:50Z Title: Making modern migraine medieval: men of science, Hildegard of Bingen and the life of a retrospective diagnosis Authors: Foxhall, Katherine Abstract: Charles Singer's retrospective diagnosis of Hildegard of Bingen as a migraine sufferer, first made in 1913, has become commonly accepted. This article uses Hildegard as a case study to shift our focus from a polarised debate about the merits or otherwise of retrospective diagnosis, to examine instead what happens when diagnoses take on lives of their own. It argues that simply championing or rejecting retrospective diagnosis is not enough; that we need instead to appreciate how, at the moment of creation, a diagnosis reflects the significance of particular medical signs and theories in historical context and how, when and why such diagnoses can come to do meaningful work when subsequently mobilised as scientific 'fact'. This article first traces the emergence of a new formulation of migraine in the nineteenth century, then shows how this context enabled Singer to retrospectively diagnose Hildegard's migraine and finally examines some of the ways in which this idea has gained popular and academic currency in the second half of the twentieth century. The case of Hildegard's migraine reminds us of the need to historicise scientific evidence just as rigorously as we historicise our other material and it exposes the cumulative methodological problems that can occur when historians use science, and scientists use history on a casual basis. 2016-01-12T09:56:50Z The impact of diasporas: markers of identity INTRODUCTION Story, Joanna Walker, I. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36249 2016-01-12T03:09:57Z 2016-01-11T11:48:50Z Title: The impact of diasporas: markers of identity INTRODUCTION Authors: Story, Joanna; Walker, I. Abstract: In 2010, the Leverhulme Trust made two Research Programme Grant awards to teams working on the 'Impact of Diasporas'. Eleven projects grouped within the Oxford Diasporas Programme at the University of Oxford have drawn on multiple disciplines to examine themes as diverse as diaspora engagement in war-torn societies, diaspora engagement policies, and stateless diasporas, and have worked in field locations from New Orleans and Kenya, to London and Sri Lanka. In contrast, the work of the research team based at the University of Leicester has concentrated on the impact of diasporas in the distant past on Britain, with a particular emphasis on the first millennia BCE/CE. That interdisciplinary programme brings the skills of historians, archaeologists, linguists, social psychologists, and geneticists to seven distinct projects to challenge disciplinary boundaries and develop a new understanding about the impact of deep time diasporas on the formulation of identities in Britain, past and present. Description: The file associated with this record is under an 18-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/sharing-your-work/. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-01-11T11:48:50Z Decolonizing Trauma Studies Round-Table Discussion Craps, S. Cheyette, B. Gibbs, A. Andermahr, S. Allwork, Larissa http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36164 2016-01-06T03:09:37Z 2016-01-05T12:49:22Z Title: Decolonizing Trauma Studies Round-Table Discussion Authors: Craps, S.; Cheyette, B.; Gibbs, A.; Andermahr, S.; Allwork, Larissa Abstract: This round-table, which featured literary critics Professor Stef Craps, Professor Bryan Cheyette and Dr. Alan Gibbs, was recorded as part of the "Decolonizing Trauma Studies" symposium organized by Dr. Sonya Andermahr and Dr. Larissa Allwork at The School of The Arts, The University of Northampton (15 May 2015). Convened a week after the University of Zaragoza's "Memory Frictions" conference, where Cheyette, Gibbs, Andermahr and Allwork gave papers, the Northampton symposium and round-table was sponsored by The School of The Arts to coincide with Andermahr's guest editorship of this special issue of Humanities. Craps, Cheyette and Gibbs addressed five questions during the round-table. Namely, does trauma studies suffer from a form of psychological universalism? Do you see any signs that trauma studies is becoming more decolonized? What are the challenges of a decolonized trauma studies for disciplinary thinking? How does a decolonized trauma studies relate to pedagogical ethics? Finally, where do you see the future of the field? While this edited transcript retains a certain informality of style, it offers a significant contribution to knowledge by capturing a unique exchange between three key thinkers in contemporary trauma studies, providing a timely analysis of the impact of postcolonial theory on trauma studies, the state of the field and its future possibilities. Issues addressed include the problematic scholarly tendency to universalize a western model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); the question of the centrality of the Holocaust in trauma studies and the implications of this for the study of atrocities globally; the vexed issues posed by the representation of perpetrators; as well as how the basic tenets of western cultural trauma theory, until recently so often characterized by a Caruth-inspired focus on belatedness and afterwardness, are being rethought, both in response to developments in the US and in answer to the challenge to 'decolonize' trauma studies. 2016-01-05T12:49:22Z All Saints, Drimoleague: clarifications and new discoveries Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36147 2016-01-05T03:08:54Z 2016-01-04T16:01:42Z Title: All Saints, Drimoleague: clarifications and new discoveries Authors: Butler, Richard J. Description: The file associated with this record is under permanent embargo. The file may be available via the links above. 2016-01-04T16:01:42Z The Preservation of Crosby Hall, c. 1830-1850 Sweet, Rosemary H. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35989 2015-12-04T03:09:00Z 2015-12-03T13:36:00Z Title: The Preservation of Crosby Hall, c. 1830-1850 Authors: Sweet, Rosemary H. Abstract: This article offers a case study of an early preservation campaign to save the remains of the fifteenth-century Crosby Hall in Bishopsgate, London, threatened with demolition in 1830, in a period before the emergence of national bodies dedicated to the preservation of historic monuments. It is an unusual and early example of a successful campaign to save a secular building. The reasons why the Hall's fate attracted the interest of antiquaries, architects and campaigners are analysed in the context of the emergence of historical awareness of the domestic architecture of the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as well as wider recognition of the importance of this period for the development in Britain's urban and commercial development. The Hall's associations with Richard III and other historic figures, including Thomas More and Thomas Gresham, are shown to have been particularly important in generating wider public interest, thereby allowing the campaigners to articulate the importance of the Hall in national terms. The history of Crosby Hall illuminates how a discourse of national heritage emerged from the inherited tradition of eighteenth-century antiquarianism and highlights the importance of the social, professional and familial networks that sustained proactive attempts to preserve the nation's monuments and antiquities. 2015-12-03T13:36:00Z Mapping peasant discontent: trespassing on manorial land in fourteenth-century Walsham-le-Willows Kilby, Susan E. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33570 2015-11-19T03:00:52Z 2015-11-18T10:48:43Z Title: Mapping peasant discontent: trespassing on manorial land in fourteenth-century Walsham-le-Willows Authors: Kilby, Susan E. Abstract: In recent years, it has largely been the domain of the landscape archaeologist to uncover and analyse the physical terrain of the late medieval manor. This has provided much material for the examination of ideas of rural power, control and social organisation. Considering the morphology of the settlement and adjacent fieldscape, it is rare, however, to reflect upon the views of the peasantry, who would after all have made up the majority of the population of rural communities. Using evidence gathered from fourteenth-century manorial court rolls, this study examines peasant attitudes to the rural landscape from an historical perspective through the analysis of incidences of trespass on demesne and peasant land in the Suffolk vill of Walsham-le-Willows. Unusually, these documentary sources frequently make reference to the specific location of peasant trespass allowing for a quantitative investigation that reveals something of the motivation behind these seemingly petty and notionally accidental incidents. Traditionally, cases of trespassing on neighbouring land have been considered only fleetingly by historians, since it is generally believed that many incidents were the result of accidental damage by wandering livestock, or that manorial officials used court fines as a means of licensing access. This study shows that the reality was far more complex, and that there was a range of motivational stimuli for these acts. Description: The file associated with this record is under an 18-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01433768.2015.1108030. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2015-11-18T10:48:43Z Simon Bradley and Nikolaus Pevsner, The Buildings of England: Cambridgeshire (3rd edition, New Haven and London, 2014) (review) Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33491 2015-11-05T14:07:16Z 2015-11-04T11:13:52Z Title: Simon Bradley and Nikolaus Pevsner, The Buildings of England: Cambridgeshire (3rd edition, New Haven and London, 2014) (review) Authors: Butler, Richard J. Description: The file associated with this record is under a permanent embargo in accordance with a request from the copyright holder. 2015-11-04T11:13:52Z George Gilbert Scott and the University of Bombay Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33490 2015-11-05T14:07:32Z 2015-11-04T10:50:55Z Title: George Gilbert Scott and the University of Bombay Authors: Butler, Richard J. Abstract: Richard Butler discusses an Indian episode in Scott's work. Description: The file associated with this record is under a permanent embargo in accordance with a request from the copyright holder. 2015-11-04T10:50:55Z P. Barnwell, G. Tyack, and W. Whyte (eds.), Sir George Gilbert Scott 1811-1878 (Oxford, 2014) (review) Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33489 2015-11-05T14:07:41Z 2015-11-04T10:42:32Z Title: P. Barnwell, G. Tyack, and W. Whyte (eds.), Sir George Gilbert Scott 1811-1878 (Oxford, 2014) (review) Authors: Butler, Richard J. Description: The file associated with this record is under a permanent embargo in accordance with a request from the copyright holder. 2015-11-04T10:42:32Z The history of Bagenalstown courthouse, Co. Carlow Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33469 2015-11-04T09:23:19Z 2015-11-03T09:24:37Z Title: The history of Bagenalstown courthouse, Co. Carlow Authors: Butler, Richard J. Abstract: In the absence of archival material , myths and legends can easily congregate around buildings and even whole towns. Many Irish people believe that their local nineteenth-century barracks, hospital, or school was destined to be built in India instead of Ireland, yet these are little more than myths. Local folklore has it that an architect or civil servant accidentally dropped the building's drawings in the 'Ireland' pigeon-hole instead of the 'India ' one in some dim imperial office in London , and so an 'Irish' building now stands incongruously in some Asian desert, and an 'Indian' building – often, it is said, with Gothic turrets or polychromatic Italianate belvederes–ended up somewhere in the Irish landscape. It is unlikely any of these stories will ever be proven to be true. [First paragraph] 2015-11-03T09:24:37Z Rethinking the origins of the British Prisons Act of 1835: Ireland and the development and planning of prisons throughout the 'four nations' of the United Kingdom, 1820-35 Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33445 2015-10-31T03:01:58Z 2015-10-30T15:44:53Z Title: Rethinking the origins of the British Prisons Act of 1835: Ireland and the development and planning of prisons throughout the 'four nations' of the United Kingdom, 1820-35 Authors: Butler, Richard J. Abstract: British Penal Reform 1 Re thinking the origins o f the British Prisons Act of 1835 : Ireland and the development of central - government prison inspection, 1820 - 35 1 Second revised manuscript, 9 June 2015 Abstract While t he introduction of c entral - government inspectors for prisons in a British a ct of 1835 has been seen as a key Whig achievement of the 1830s , alongside the new factory and poor - law inspect orates, the Irish precedent enacted by Charles Grant, a liberal Tory chief secretary, in the early 1820s has gone unnoticed by scholars. The essay sets out t o trace the Irish prefiguring of this later reforming measure and in the process to consider prison reform in the United Kingdom in the early nineteenth century in a transnational manne r in line with recent scholarship that has stressed the many connectio ns between social reforms in the four nations of the British Isles . A new analysis of the critical years between 1823 and 18 35 in both Britain and Ireland based on a detailed examination of p arliamentary inquiries and l egislation will show how developments in the two countries overlapped and how reforms in one jurisdiction affected the other. This essay explores the channels through which this exchange of knowledge and ideas occurred both in parliament and through voluntary philanthropic societies such as the Association for the Improvement of Prisons and of Prison Discipline in Ireland and its sister organisation in British. In doing so this essay highlights inadequacies with the theory s upported by some scholars that Ireland functioned as a laboratory for British social reform at this time, and instead suggests a more fluid exchange of ideas in both directions. Description: The file associated with this record has been accepted for publication in Historical Journal. 2015-10-30T15:44:53Z Bantry Library, Co. Cork Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33444 2015-10-31T03:01:55Z 2015-10-30T15:00:48Z Title: Bantry Library, Co. Cork Authors: Butler, Richard J. Abstract: Set in the small market town of Bantry, surrounded by one of the spate rivers that drain from the Knocknaveagh range to the south, is one of Ireland's most unusual examples of Modernist architecture. Bantry Library was designed in 1962 by the Cork County Council architect Patrick McSweeney, and the project was developed and overseen by his assistant, Harry Wallace. The design is said to have been conceived when McSweeney and his daughter were recovering from the 'flu; to pass the time he made a model of a library building. His excitement with this design led him to present the model to a Convention of Librarians in Dublin, where it was enthusiastically received. [Opening paragraph] 2015-10-30T15:00:48Z The Anglo-Indian architect Walter Sykes George (1881-1962): a modernist follower of Lutyens Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33439 2015-10-30T03:00:41Z 2015-10-29T15:14:49Z Title: The Anglo-Indian architect Walter Sykes George (1881-1962): a modernist follower of Lutyens Authors: Butler, Richard J. Abstract: Walter Sykes George (1881-1962) was a remarkable Anglo-Indian architect. Obituaries in Indian and British journals cast him as a 'Renaissance' man: an artist, Byzantine archaeologist, architect, town planner, philosopher, historian, public intellectual, humanist, Modernist, even an Indian nationalist.2 He features prominently in one recent history of modern architecture in India, a rare accolade for an 'Anglo-Indian' architect – an architect born in Britain who practised and lived for much of his life in India.3 In spite of being one of New Delhi's most prolific architects, his name does not appear in Philip Davies's Splendours of the Raj, even though his colleagues Robert Tor Russell (1888-1972), Arthur Gordon Shoosmith (1888-1974) and Henry Medd (1892-1977) all do.4 Of the members of the so-called 'Indo-British School of Architecture' who followed Herbert Baker (1862-1946) and Edwin Lutyens (1869-1944) to Delhi, he was alone in staying in his adopted country after Independence in 1947.5 His two greatest achievements are Kashmir House (1927-29), which he co-designed with Lutyens, and the rebuilding of St Stephen's College (1939-52), part of the University of Delhi, and one of India's most elite higher education establishments. [Opening paragraph] 2015-10-29T15:14:49Z British solutions to Irish problems: representations of Ireland in the British architectural press, 1837-53 Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33438 2015-11-02T12:05:47Z 2015-10-29T14:59:50Z Title: British solutions to Irish problems: representations of Ireland in the British architectural press, 1837-53 Authors: Butler, Richard J. Abstract: Existing scholarship on representations of Ireland in the British press has overlooked a subset of nineteenth–century publications: architectural periodicals. By analysing their coverage of Irish issues over a fifteen year period, including industrial exhibitions staged in Cork and Dublin, this article challenges the notion that the immediate post–famine years were a period of diminished interest in Irish affairs. Architectural periodicals suggested that Ireland's problems could only be solved through greater Anglicization, as shown in their depictions of romanticised Irish peasants, government–sponsored engineering projects, and the construction of Irish workhouses. 2015-10-29T14:59:50Z "The radicals in these reform times": politics, grand juries and Ireland's unbuilt assize courthouses, 1800-50 Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33437 2015-10-29T14:40:13Z 2015-10-29T14:39:40Z Title: "The radicals in these reform times": politics, grand juries and Ireland's unbuilt assize courthouses, 1800-50 Authors: Butler, Richard J. Abstract: By their nature, courthouses were built in Ireland as throughout Europe by 'the state'. They demarcate the visible and tangible presence of both the law and state-sanctioned justice in the Irish urban landscape. Laws passed by the Irish Parliament, and after its abolition in 1800, by Westminster, were enforced in assize courthouses by travelling judges on established 'circuits', visiting each county town or city twice a year – in the spring and summer. These judges travelled with great splendour through the countryside, and were welcomed by each high sheriff at the county border and escorted with military pageantry, ritual, and procession to the county towns. Assize courthouses, then, were temporary pauses in a near-continuous flow of judicial displays of power and authority, emanating from the superior courts in Dublin to the provincial urban nuclei. Persons accused of serious crimes, arrested and imprisoned, had to wait in some cases many months for the next assizes: those arrested, for example, in September, had to languish in gaol till the following March for the spring assizes. They would then be tried and if found guilty immediately given their punishments – often transportation or hanging – unless pardoned. In times of acute agrarian unrest or rebellion, as marked so much of early nineteenth-century Ireland, assizes could be extraordinarily busy occasions with, by modern standards, exceptionally brief trials. Much of this was also true in mainland Britain: what made Ireland unique in this period was the contested nature of government itself, and in particular the validity of the country's status within the United Kingdom. Description: The file associated with this record is under embargo for 3 years from publication. 2015-10-29T14:39:40Z All Saints, Drimoleague, and Catholic visual culture under Bishop Cornelius Lucey in Cork, 1952-9 Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33436 2015-10-30T03:00:41Z 2015-10-29T14:35:29Z Title: All Saints, Drimoleague, and Catholic visual culture under Bishop Cornelius Lucey in Cork, 1952-9 Authors: Butler, Richard J. Abstract: All Saints, Drimoleague, designed by Cork architect Frank Murphy and built in 1954 - 6, was the first church built in a modernist architectural style in the Cork and Ross diocese since Christ the King, Turner's Cross, in the 1920s. I t contains a very unusual mural on the sanctuary wall and a distinguished series of stained glass window s by Harry Clarke Studios . This article sets out a framework for the study of the ten new churches that Bishop Cornelius Lucey oversaw during his first years in charge of the diocese of Cork and Ross. It argues that one of them, All Saints, Drimoleague, is a building of national importance and it places its artwork within the broader context of Catholic politics and social teaching in the diocese in the years before Vatican II. Description: The file associated with this record is under a permanent embargo while permission to archive is sought from the publisher. The full text may become available through the publisher links above. 2015-10-29T14:35:29Z George Gilbert Scott and the Master's Lodge of St John's College, Cambridge Butler, Richard J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33430 2015-10-30T03:00:43Z 2015-10-29T12:17:19Z Title: George Gilbert Scott and the Master's Lodge of St John's College, Cambridge Authors: Butler, Richard J. Description: The file associated with this record is under a permanent embargo while permission to archive is sought from the publisher. The full text may become available through the publisher links above. 2015-10-29T12:17:19Z "Emigrants in the traditional sense"? – Irishness in England, contemporary migration, and collective memory of the 1950s Scully, Marc D. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33386 2015-12-02T10:43:23Z 2015-10-27T12:09:59Z Title: "Emigrants in the traditional sense"? – Irishness in England, contemporary migration, and collective memory of the 1950s Authors: Scully, Marc D. 2015-10-27T12:09:59Z Convicts, Carcerality and Cape Colony Connections in the Nineteenth Century Anderson, Clare http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33338 2016-05-26T02:05:11Z 2015-10-21T10:32:00Z Title: Convicts, Carcerality and Cape Colony Connections in the Nineteenth Century Authors: Anderson, Clare Abstract: This article examines the ways in which the 19th-century Cape Colony was connected to other locations in Britain and the British imperial world with respect to the history of imprisonment and penal transportation. It explores prisoner and convict mobility; circulations of penal ideologies, officials and practices; and contemporary understandings of the connections between incarceration of various kinds and other forms of labour bondage. My argument is that in each of these respects the Cape was an integral part of both a regional Indian Ocean and global repertoire of carcerality, with influence over and being influenced by other penal sites. I show that the Cape's penal regimes can be understood only by appreciating their local, regional and global dimensions, and by appreciating how the colony faced both outwards and inwards. 2015-10-21T10:32:00Z Becoming a Viking: DNA Testing, genetic ancestry and placeholder identity Scully, Marc D. Brown, Steven D. King, Turi E. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33336 2016-01-07T14:12:32Z 2015-10-21T10:25:51Z Title: Becoming a Viking: DNA Testing, genetic ancestry and placeholder identity Authors: Scully, Marc D.; Brown, Steven D.; King, Turi E. Abstract: A consensus has developed among social and biological scientists around the problematic nature of genetic ancestry testing, specifically that its popularity will lead to greater genetic essentialism in social identities. Many of these arguments assume a relatively uncritical engagement with DNA, under 'high-stakes' conditions. We suggest that in a biosocial society, more pervasive 'low-stakes' engagement is more likely. Through qualitative interviews with participants in a study of the genetic legacy of the Vikings in Northern England, we investigate how genetic ancestry results are discursively worked through. The identities formed in 'becoming a Viking' through DNA are characterized by fluidity and reflexivity, rather than essentialism. DNA results are woven into a wider narrative of selfhood relating to the past, the value of which lies in its potential to be passed on within families. While not unproblematic, the relatively banal nature of such narratives within contemporary society is characteristic of the 'biosociable'. Description: The file associated with this record is under an 18-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/sharing-your-work/. The full text may be available in the publisher links provided above. 2015-10-21T10:25:51Z Ancient objects with modern meanings: museums, volunteers, and the Anglo-Saxon 'Staffordshire Hoard' as a marker of 21st-century regional identity Capper, Morn Diana T. Scully, M. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33335 2016-03-08T11:47:08Z 2015-10-21T10:24:38Z Title: Ancient objects with modern meanings: museums, volunteers, and the Anglo-Saxon 'Staffordshire Hoard' as a marker of 21st-century regional identity Authors: Capper, Morn Diana T.; Scully, M. Abstract: The Staffordshire Hoard is the largest Anglo-Saxon gold hoard ever found. On display from soon after its discovery in 2009 during fundraising to secure it for the region, the Hoard has become a source of local pride in Staffordshire, receiving over a million visitors. This article explores the Hoard as a marker of identity, both in the past and in the present and evaluates how the 'treasure process', museums and museum volunteers are shaping public identification with the Anglo-Saxon past of the Mercian kingdom. Drawing on focus group data, we argue that aspects of the naming and display of the Hoard have encouraged its inclusion in existing narratives of belonging and 'authenticity' in Staffordshire. Such archaeological discoveries have the potential to provide points of continuity between the post-industrial present and the distant past, and stimulate a reconsideration of the present status of the region in contemporary cultural and political discourse. Description: The file associated with this record is under an 18-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/sharing-your-work/. The full text may be available in the publisher links provided above. 2015-10-21T10:24:38Z One of Us?: Negotiating Multiple Legal Identities across the Viking Diaspora Vohra, Pragya http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33334 2016-01-13T12:00:53Z 2015-10-21T10:22:00Z Title: One of Us?: Negotiating Multiple Legal Identities across the Viking Diaspora Authors: Vohra, Pragya Abstract: Migrations from mainland Scandinavia during the Viking age resulted in the establishment of colonies across the North Atlantic. Evidence of sustained sociocultural contact between these colonies has encouraged scholars to recognise the Viking world as a diaspora. Medieval Iceland, by way of its poets, writers, and learned men, was the locus of the memorialisation of this diaspora. Laws provide historians with a way in which to understand the creation of identity in a past society and the criteria that formed the basis of these identities. In the Viking world, where separate identities were emerging while still being connected through the diaspora, the manner in which identity was constructed and negotiated is of special interest. This paper uses Grágás, the medieval Icelandic law code, along with laws from other parts of the diaspora and Icelandic sagas to unpick how Viking diasporans negotiated identity, where they 'belonged', and where they were excluded. Description: The file associated with this record is under an 18-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/sharing-your-work/. The full text may be available in the publisher links provided above. 2015-10-21T10:22:00Z Testifying for the poor: Epistolary advocates and the negotiation of parochial relief in England, 1800-1834 King, Steven A. Jones, P. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33086 2015-09-23T02:00:40Z 2015-09-22T11:45:48Z Title: Testifying for the poor: Epistolary advocates and the negotiation of parochial relief in England, 1800-1834 Authors: King, Steven A.; Jones, P. Description: This file is under permanent embargo pending first online publication in the Journal of Social History. After first online publication, a 24-month embargo period will put in place, in accordance with the Publisher's Author Self-Archiving Policy available at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/en/access-purchase/rights-and-permissions/self-archiving-policye.html 2015-09-22T11:45:48Z Nursing Under the Old Poor Law in Midland and Eastern England 1780-1834 King, Steven A. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33078 2015-09-23T02:00:42Z 2015-09-22T09:45:48Z Title: Nursing Under the Old Poor Law in Midland and Eastern England 1780-1834 Authors: King, Steven A. Abstract: This article uses data drawn from the overseers' accounts and supporting documentation in thirty-six parishes spread over four English counties, to answer three basic questions. First, what was the character, extent, structure, range of activities, and remuneration of the nursing labor force under the Old Poor Law between the late eighteenth century and the implementation of the New Poor Law in the 1830s? Second, were there regional and intra-regional differences in the scale and nature of spending on nursing care for the sick poor? Third, how might one explain such differences? The article suggests that nursing became an increasingly important category of spending for the poor law from the later eighteenth century, but that there were significant variations within and (particularly) between English counties in parochial attitudes toward the provision of nursing for the sick poor. These variations can be explained by applying a matrix of explanatory variables ranging from the minor (differences in how parishes defined "nursing") through to the major (long-standing cultural attitudes toward the responsibility of parishioners to their sick compatriots and the ingrained expectations of the sick poor). The article also throws new light on the hidden aspects of female labor force participation, pointing to the development of professional nursing networks long before the later nineteenth century. Description: The file associated with this record is embargoed for 24 months in accordance with the Publisher's policy, available at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/en/access-purchase/rights-and-permissions/self-archiving-policyf.html 2015-09-22T09:45:48Z Constructing the Disabled Child 1800-1860 King, Steven A. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33077 2015-09-23T02:00:41Z 2015-09-22T09:34:09Z Title: Constructing the Disabled Child 1800-1860 Authors: King, Steven A. Abstract: At the core of much of the historiography of disability in so far as it relates to nineteenth century England is a belief that the support offered to those with physical and mental impairments was threadbare and that such people could be and were pushed to the social margins of their communities. The current article uses poor law records, letters, newspapers and coronial inquests to suggest that officials in fact had a sophisticated sense of degrees of mental and physical impairment and relief/support systems were tailored accordingly. Like many of the pauper families who wrote to them about children with impairments I argue that officials tended to construct hierarchies of ability rather than disability and that doing so took them deeply into areas like labour market subsidy and the avoidance of institutional confinement. On the subject of children with mental and physical impairments, officials and pauper shared a common rhetorical register and strategic approach to classification and treatment. Description: The file associated with this record is embargoed for 24 months from first publication, in accordance with the Publisher's policy. 2015-09-22T09:34:09Z Voices from the Far North: Pauper Letters and the Provision of Welfare in Sutherland, 1845–1900 King, Steven Andrew Jones, P. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33076 2016-01-14T09:07:25Z 2015-09-22T09:19:14Z Title: Voices from the Far North: Pauper Letters and the Provision of Welfare in Sutherland, 1845–1900 Authors: King, Steven Andrew; Jones, P. 2015-09-22T09:19:14Z The reluctant regicide? Thomas Wayte and the Civil Wars in Rutland Hopper, Andrew J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33064 2016-05-01T01:45:12Z 2015-09-21T08:34:04Z Title: The reluctant regicide? Thomas Wayte and the Civil Wars in Rutland Authors: Hopper, Andrew J. Abstract: This article contributes to recent historiographical debates concerning the trial and execution of Charles I by examining the experiences of one of his least known judges, Thomas Wayte, the Parliamentarian Governor of Rutland. It will examine his career to highlight his possible motives for signing the king's death warrant before highlighting the importance of his post-Restoration testimony for understanding the legal proceedings during the last days of Charles I. © University of Birmingham 2014. 2015-09-21T08:34:04Z A pauper dead-house: the expansion of the Cambridge anatomical teaching school under the late-Victorian poor law, 1870-1914. Hurren, Elizabeth T. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33053 2015-09-18T02:00:54Z 2015-09-17T08:43:13Z Title: A pauper dead-house: the expansion of the Cambridge anatomical teaching school under the late-Victorian poor law, 1870-1914. Authors: Hurren, Elizabeth T. Abstract: In May 1901 an article appeared in the Yarmouth Advertiser and Gazette entitled 'Alleged Traffic in Pauper Corpses—How the Medical Schools are Supplied—The Shadow of a Scandal'. It recounted that, although a pauper named Frank Hyde aged fifty had died in Yarmouth workhouse on 11 April 1901, his body was missing from the local cemetery. The case caused a public outcry because the workhouse death register stated that Hyde had been "buried by friends" in the parish five days after he had died. An editorial alleged that "the body was sent to Cambridge for dissection" instead and that the workhouse Master's clerk profited 15 shillings from the cadaver's sale. Following continued bad publicity, the visiting committee of Yarmouth Union investigated the allegations. They discovered that between 1880 and 1901 "26 bodies" had been sold for dissection and dismemberment under the terms of the Anatomy Act (1832) to the Cambridge anatomical teaching school situated at Downing College. The Master's clerk staged a false funeral each time a pauper died in his care. He arranged it so that "coffins were buried containing sand or sawdust or other ingredients but the body of the person whose name appeared on the outside [emphasis in original]" of each coffin never reached the grave. This was Hyde's fate too. Like many paupers who died in the care of Poor Law authorities in the nineteenth century, Hyde's friends and relatives lacked resources to fund his funeral expenses. Consequently, he underwent the ignominy of a pauper burial, but not in Yarmouth. His body was conveyed on the Great Eastern railway in a "death-box" to Cambridge anatomical teaching school. Following preservation, which took around four months, the cadaver was dissected and dismembered. It was interred eleven months after death in St Benedict's parish graveyard within Mill Road cemetery, Cambridge, on 8 March 1902. A basic Christian service was conducted by John Lane of the anatomy school before burial in a pauper grave containing a total of six bodies. The plot was unmarked and Frank Hyde disappeared from Poor Law records—the end product of pauperism. Description: The file for this record is permanently embargoed in accordance with the Publisher's policies. The full text of the chapter can be found at the publisher's link above or at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC546296/ 2015-09-17T08:43:13Z Female and Male Perspectives on the Neolithic Transition in Europe: Clues from Ancient and Modern Genetic Data Rasteiro, Rita Chikhi, Lounès http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32680 2015-07-15T02:00:50Z 2015-07-14T13:17:57Z Title: Female and Male Perspectives on the Neolithic Transition in Europe: Clues from Ancient and Modern Genetic Data Authors: Rasteiro, Rita; Chikhi, Lounès Abstract: The arrival of agriculture into Europe during the Neolithic transition brought a significant shift in human lifestyle and subsistence. However, the conditions under which the spread of the new culture and technologies occurred are still debated. Similarly, the roles played by women and men during the Neolithic transition are not well understood, probably due to the fact that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome (NRY) data are usually studied independently rather than within the same statistical framework. Here, we applied an integrative approach, using different model-based inferential techniques, to analyse published datasets from contemporary and ancient European populations. By integrating mtDNA and NRY data into the same admixture approach, we show that both males and females underwent the same admixture history and both support the demic diffusion model of Ammerman and Cavalli-Sforza. Similarly, the patterns of genetic diversity found in extant and ancient populations demonstrate that both modern and ancient mtDNA support the demic diffusion model. They also show that population structure and differential growth between farmers and hunter-gatherers are necessary to explain both types of data. However, we also found some differences between male and female markers, suggesting that the female effective population size was larger than that of the males, probably due to different demographic histories. We argue that these differences are most probably related to the various shifts in cultural practices and lifestyles that followed the Neolithic Transition, such as sedentism, the shift from polygyny to monogamy or the increase of patrilocality. Description: PMCID: PMC3629215 2015-07-14T13:17:57Z Material lives of the poor and their strategic use of the workhouse during the final decades of the English old poor law Harley, Joseph http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32395 2015-06-23T02:00:29Z 2015-06-22T11:45:00Z Title: Material lives of the poor and their strategic use of the workhouse during the final decades of the English old poor law Authors: Harley, Joseph Abstract: This article is the first to use a combination of three different types of inventories from Dorset to examine the material lives of paupers inside and outside Beaminster workhouse. It argues that life was materially better for paupers on outdoor relief, compared with workhouse inmates and with paupers in the moments before they entered the workhouse. The article also examines how the poor used admission into the workhouse as part of their economy of makeshifts. The evidence demonstrates that the able-bodied poor used the workhouse as a short-term survival strategy, whereas more vulnerable inmates struggled to use this tactic. This article therefore furthers our understanding of the nature of poor relief and adds further weight to recent historical work that has emphasised pauper agency. 2015-06-22T11:45:00Z Agendas for the Historical Study of Loneliness and Lone Living Snell, K. D. M. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32185 2015-06-24T02:00:11Z 2015-05-07T10:27:48Z Title: Agendas for the Historical Study of Loneliness and Lone Living Authors: Snell, K. D. M. Editors: Snell, K. D. M. Abstract: This article opens up approaches and themes for a history of loneliness. It advocates handling of the subject by historians, and invites historical analysis of concepts, health issues, strategies from the past, theories of long-term loneliness change, 'nuclear family hardship' and related demography. Topographies of isolation are raised. It then discusses one aspect of this: considering how living alone often seems to shape modern discussion of loneliness, and analysing the steep rise of sole living in Western societies over the past century. 2015-05-07T10:27:48Z "Where I first knew the nature of care:" Women and violence on the late 18th century frontier Clapp, Elizabeth J. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32176 2015-11-20T11:58:48Z 2015-05-07T10:23:27Z Title: "Where I first knew the nature of care:" Women and violence on the late 18th century frontier Authors: Clapp, Elizabeth J. Abstract: From first paragraph: During the revolutionary war and for some years afterwards the inhabitants of the backcountry settlements in the Ohio Valley were repeatedly the targets of raids by Indians. Accounts of these attacks occasionally appeared in eastern newspapers, detailing the brutality of the "savages" and the effects of their actions on the "defenseless" white women and children caught up in these incidents. 2015-05-07T10:23:27Z Courtship at the Coroner's Court of the 19th Century Hurren, Elizabeth T. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32134 2015-05-11T16:17:25Z 2015-05-07T09:32:16Z Title: Courtship at the Coroner's Court of the 19th Century Authors: Hurren, Elizabeth T. Abstract: This article examines the nature and conduct of nineteenth-century courtship through the prism of the largest sample of coronial court records ever assembled. These records deal with unexplained or violent deaths and often involved the extensive gathering of testimony from witnesses and other community stakeholders. A surprising number of cases were either directly connected to courtship, or witness statements provide evidence on courtship practice and custom. Focusing particularly on records for the English Midlands, we offer a new model of typologies of courtship experience running across a spectrum from serene and unproblematic through to the obsessive relationship that ended with murder or violence. Dealing in more detail with individual cases, we illustrate the value of the material for understanding the lived experience of courtship and address three broad questions. What range of actors (family, friends, neighbours, employers, lodgers, etc,) was involved in courtships among the labouring classes? What was the emotional context within which the courtships of 'ordinary people' were played out? And how did ordinary people experience the human journey of courtship? We suggest that it was possible for men and women to construct completely different versions of courtships, that relationships were fragile, and that the capacity for individual agency in courtship was much more circumscribed than has often been allowed for this period. 2015-05-07T09:32:16Z European Urbanities Since 1945 Gunn, Simon http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32131 2015-11-20T14:43:59Z 2015-05-07T09:30:22Z Title: European Urbanities Since 1945 Authors: Gunn, Simon Editors: Follmer, M. Abstract: Europe's history since 1945 has most commonly been seen through the prism of international politics – above all the politics of the Cold War – and economic change, from post-war reconstruction to late twentieth-century deindustrialisation. Urban history has been tangential to these accounts. Description: Check journal title 2015-05-07T09:30:22Z Urban History in Britain: Some Reflections on the State of the Field Sweet, Roey http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32122 2015-11-16T10:18:05Z 2015-05-07T09:24:02Z Title: Urban History in Britain: Some Reflections on the State of the Field Authors: Sweet, Roey Editors: Sakashita, C. Abstract: [From first paragraph] In this article I reflect on some of the key developments in the field of urban history since its emergence as a subdiscipline in the 1960s and consider some of the recent and current developments in the study of cities and their pasts from a largely, but not exclusively, British perspective. This article does not pretend to be a comprehensive survey of the field, nor does it have a particular chronological or thematic focus. It is simply reflective of my own interests as a British historian of the eighteenth century and as one of the editors of the Urban History journal published by Cambridge University Press. 2015-05-07T09:24:02Z The Skull of Bede Story, Joanna Bailey, R. N. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32092 2015-12-02T16:20:48Z 2015-04-30T15:07:42Z Title: The Skull of Bede Authors: Story, Joanna; Bailey, R. N. Abstract: In 1831 Canon James Raine excavated Bede's tomb in Durham Cathedral revealing a partial skeleton accompanied by a medieval ring. Three casts were made of the skull; the recent re-discovery of one of these casts provokes an examination of the authenticity of the remains and of antiquarian interests in craniology in the mid nineteenth century. Description: CAHL gave £500 from the College Development Fund in Feb 2015 for funding towards the cost of producing boards for the permanent exhibition at Jarrow. 2015-04-30T15:07:42Z Louis Sambon and the Clash of Pellagra Etiologies in Italy and the United States, 1904-15 Gentilcore, David C. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32055 2015-04-25T02:03:06Z 2015-04-24T13:56:26Z Title: Louis Sambon and the Clash of Pellagra Etiologies in Italy and the United States, 1904-15 Authors: Gentilcore, David C. Abstract: This article explores the extent to which the bacterial concept of disease acted as an obstacle to the understanding of deficiency diseases, by focusing on explorations into the cause of pellagra in the early twentieth century. In 1900 pellagra had been epidemic in Italy for 150 years and was soon to become so in the United States, yet the responses of medical investigators differed substantially. To account for these, the article focuses on the sharply contrasting reactions to a provocative theory proposed by Louis Sambon. Applying a tropical diseases approach to pellagra, Sambon argued that pellagra had nothing at all to do with maize consumption, as the Italians had long thought, but was caused by the bite of a parasite-carrying insect. Italian pellagrologists, involved in a dogmatic quest for a toxin in maize, and with pellagra rates there on the decline, marginalized the Sambon hypothesis. By contrast, in the United States, with pellagra on the rise, the dominant infectious paradigm put Sambon center stage, his proposed etiology shaping the earliest American investigations. When the deficiency disease concept gained currency in 1913, the relatively closed world of Italian pellagrology was wrong-footed, while the more open-ended U.S. community was better able to follow up the new lead. The article discusses what these shifts and the resulting controversies reveal about the medical contexts. The actor-centered approach, with reaction to Sambon's intervention as a kind of test-case, is the key to understanding these controversies and why they mattered. Description: manuscript ID is JHMAS-2014-073. 2015-04-24T13:56:26Z The Criminal Corpse, Anatomists, and the Criminal Law: Parliamentary Attempts to Extend the Dissection of Offenders in Late Eighteenth-Century England Ward, Richard http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31745 2015-10-30T16:42:59Z 2015-02-27T13:22:28Z Title: The Criminal Corpse, Anatomists, and the Criminal Law: Parliamentary Attempts to Extend the Dissection of Offenders in Late Eighteenth-Century England Authors: Ward, Richard Abstract: In the later eighteenth century, two schemes were introduced in Parliament for extending the practice of handing over the bodies of executed offenders to anatomists for dissection. Both measures were motivated by the needs of the field of anatomy, including the improvement of surgical skill, the development of medical teaching in the provinces, and public anatomical demonstrations. Yet both failed to pass into law due to concerns about the possibly damaging effects in terms of criminal justice. Through a detailed analysis of the origins and progress of these two parliamentary measures—a moment when the competing claims of anatomy and criminal justice vied for supremacy over the criminal corpse—the article sheds light on judicial attitudes to dissection as a method of punishment and adds to our understanding of the reasons why, in the nineteenth century, the dread of dissection would come to fall upon the dead poor rather than executed offenders. Description: Author granted permission for immediate deposit by publisher. 2015-02-27T13:22:28Z Powers of the city: new perspectives in urban history Gunn, Simon http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31741 2015-02-25T02:02:12Z 2015-02-24T12:09:28Z Title: Powers of the city: new perspectives in urban history Authors: Gunn, Simon Editors: Buitrago, A. Abstract: What might understandings drawn from urban history have to say to urban theory and to urban studies more generally? This article takes the concept of power as its centrepiece and examines how changing models of power have been applied to urban history (primarily, in this case, the modern history of Europe and North America) over the last twenty years. It attempts to show how post-Foucaultian approaches to power, in particular, have begun to unsettle older histories and to instigate new ones. The article goes on to suggest that these historical conceptions of power, particularly in their more experimental guise in the work of Chandra Mukerji and Patrick Joyce among others, offer empirical and theoretical approaches that are of considerable interest to urban studies more generally in understanding topics such as governance, infrastructure networks and the state.; ¿Qué pueden aportar las conclusiones extraídas de la historia urbana a la teoría urbana o, de forma más general, a los estudios urbanos? Este artículo se centra en el concepto de poder y analiza cómo se han aplicado distintos modelos de poder en la historia urbana (fundamentalmente, en este caso, en la historia moderna de Europa y Norteamérica) a lo largo de los últimos veinte años. Trata de mostrar más concretamente cómo las aproximaciones post-foucaultianas al concepto de poder han empezado a desestabilizar las viejas formas de hacer historia y a promover otras nuevas. El artículo va más allá, y sugiere que estas concepciones históricas del poder, especialmente en su forma más experimental adoptada en los trabajos de Chandra Mukerji y Patrick Joyce entre otros, ofrecen aproximaciones empíricas y teóricas de considerable interés para los estudios urbanos en general, para la comprensión de aspectos como la gobernanza, las redes de infraestructuras y el estado. 2015-02-24T12:09:28Z


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SDCC: Marvel: Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends Panel
Comic Books
Showing results 1-12 of 12
The "Battlestar Galactica" alum talks with CBR about her new role as Lucifer's mother in the upcoming second season of the Fox series.
Tricia Helfer opens up about lending a mother's guiding hand to Lucifer Morningstar's schemes in the second season of the comics-inspired series.
The "Battlestar Galactica" alum talks her new super-powered role as FBI Agent Lange on the PlayStation Network series.
Director Taika Waititi promises Chris Hemsworth comedy for "Thor: Ragnarok," "Wolverine 3" is casting cartel thugs, and more.
Helfer will play the Mother of Angels, who is God's ex-wife and Lucifer's mother as well as an ancient being who is utterly repelled by humanity.
The "BSG" alum joins a growing cast for the comic book adaptation's second season.
The sci-fi icon talks with SPINOFF about "Battlestar Galactica's" ability to make a difference - and the staying power of a certain F-word.
Supermodel turned actor Tricia Helfer spoke with CBR TV about her role as The Grid on Disney XD's "Tron: Uprising," the unique challenges it poses and her favorite convention moment of all time.
Actors Jeffrey Donovan and Bruce Campbell talk to CBR News about the second season of their hit USA series about a disgraced spy, "Burn Notice," featuring new cast member Tricia Helfer of "Battlestar Galactica."
This week's new episode of "The Spectacular Spider-Man" debuts not only the alien symbiote that alters Spidey's color scheme, but also Black Cat, voiced by "Battlestar Galactica's" Tricia Helfer.
Archives: All | Comic Books | TV/Film | Video Games | Web Comics


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Ready in 1h
Try this Cheese Filled Manicotti recipe, or contribute your own.
6 people want to try | 12 have favorited
Prepare pasta as directed on package; drain. Rinse with cold water, drain and arrange in single layer to fill. Meanwhile, mix ricotta cheese, 1 1/2 cups of the mozzarella cheese, 1/4 cup of the Parmesan cheese, the egg, parsley, salt, pepper and nutmeg. Spoon mixture into manicotti shells, using at least 1/3 cup per shell. Place filled manicotti shells in a single layer in greased 13 x 9 inch baking pan. Pour spaghetti sauce over manicotti shells. Sprinkle with remaining 1/2 cup mozzarella cheese and 1/4 cup Parmesan cheese. Bake at 350 deg F for 35 minutes or until hot. Makes 4 servings. When we made this we added the walnuts.....I prefer to use a 1/2 cup..... As a side meat, use Italian Hot Sausage. Recipe by: Suzy-Q Lewis Posted to Bakery-Shoppe Digest V1 #487 by "firstname.lastname@example.com"
More ideas
Thepielover 4y agoMmmm it was very good I wish I could eat it all of the time


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Puerto Rican Festival of Massachusetts 2016
Storms Knock Down Trees, Wires In Massachusetts, New HampshireSevere storms knocked down trees and wires in both Massachusetts and New Hampshire on Saturday.
Cuisine & Confessions: World-Famous Circus in Boston!
House, Senate To Hammer Out Agreement On Ride-Hailing BillsHouse and Senate negotiators are set to begin hammering out a final version of a bill aimed at regulating ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft.
American Cancer Society of MA – Reaching Out to Latino Women with Cancer
Miss Dom. Rep. USA's Fashion Show Benefiting Big Papi's Foundation
Big Sister Boston – Looking for Big Sisters of Color
Courageous Sailing – A Life Changing Experience for Youth
Summer Safety Tips From The Massachusetts Highway Safety Division
State Senate Wants Moratorium On Fracking In MassachusettsThe Massachusetts Senate is backing a 10-year moratorium on fracking in the state.
Community Works: Helping Non-Profits Thrive
Sociedad Latina - Creating the Next Generation of Latino Leaders


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The procurement of a liver graft is preceded by organ washout with a preservation solution (perfusate) under hypothermic (4°C) conditions to prepare the organ for storage.[1] The completeness of the washout has been proposed to be an important determinant for liver graft function.[2, 3] During washout, perfusates prevent acidosis by providing a high buffer capacity, and they counteract cell swelling or hypo-osmotic extravasation of fluids because of added impermeants and/or colloids. Histidine tryptophan ketoglutarate solution contains mannitol as an impermeant. Although mannitol may not strictly act as an impermeant in the liver,[4, 5] it yields similar or improved washout results in comparison with hydroxyethyl starch–containing University of Wisconsin (UW+) solution.[6, 7] UW+ and polyethylene glycol–containing Polysol (PS+), which is an experimental perfusate, contain hydroxyethyl starch (HES)[8] and polyethylene glycol (PEG),[1] respectively, as colloids.
The addition of colloids to a perfusate increases the viscosity of the solution, which is exacerbated by the low temperatures at which a perfusate is used to cool an organ.[9] In addition, colloids have a hyperaggregatory effect on red blood cells (RBCs) that results in rouleaux formation.[10] Consequently, the use of colloidal perfusates during a washout procedure may induce endothelial damage and lead to occlusion of the microvasculature and corollary no-reflow phenomena.[11] Furthermore, the washout procedure is regarded as an important part of the organ preservation protocol inasmuch as the primary goals of the initial washout are to clear the organ of blood and to reduce its core temperature when hypothermic storage follows. Higher washout pressures (100 mm Hg) or normothermic temperatures (37°C) might prevent microcirculatory RBC entrapment and ensure proper distribution of the perfusate through the liver.[2, 3, 12-15] However, high pressures are associated with increased shear stress, which can lead to endothelial lining perturbations or even affect cellular energy metabolism.[16, 17] These potential complications during washout have been successfully circumvented by the application of Ringer's lactate (RL) as a washout and short-term preservation solution.[18, 19]
Because the aforementioned effects of the perfusate temperature and colloid-induced RBC agglutination during liver washout had not been clarified, this study was designed to quantify RBC retention after liver washout at different temperatures and pressures. First, the agglutination of RBCs was assessed microscopically in perfusates in the presence or absence of colloids. Second, a rat liver washout model was employed to determine the washout efficacy of several perfusates through scintigraphic analysis of intrahepatically retained, 99mTc-labeled RBCs after hypothermic or normothermic washout at a low or high washout pressure. This study revealed that the extent of intrahepatic RBC retention was not affected by the applied pressure, solution, colloidal content or type, temperature, or washout time during liver washout via the portal vein. Simultaneous arterial and portal washout with RL at 37°C and 100 mm Hg resulted in the least RBC retention and the shortest washout time.


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Discarded needles unnerve Sudbury parents
Update: collision in downtown Sudbury
DJ would be proud
The DJ Hancock Memorial Park named after an 18-year- old Sudbury man killed by a drunk driver two years ago officially opened Wednesday.
North Bay man charged with sexual interference
North Bay Police have charged a 19-year-old man with sexual interference with a person under 16 year of age following an investigation.
Sunny economic outlook for Timmins
TIMMINS - Economic news for Timmins has been quite positive over the past few weeks.
Decapitation case in ends in manslaughter pleas
SAULT STE. MARIE - Warning: graphic content
Sault police left in dark over pleas: Keetch
City police Chief Robert Keetch was disappointed the Crown attorney accepted guilty pleas for manslaughter from three local men.
Sudbury's squirrels paying high price
They are climbing into Greater Sudbury Hydro equipment, getting electrocuted and causing blackouts
Fallen medic's daughter receives scholarship
Cpl. Glen Arnold was from McKerrow, west of Sudbury
Vale profit drops; sets sights on debt
Vale turning to deals as expansion spending thwarts debt fight
Pros, docs hit ice to support NEO Kids
Even in the dog days of summer, Nick Foligno can often be found on the ice.
Lyszczarczyk has busy summer
When the Sudbury Wolves drop the puck on training camp Sept. 1, forward Alan Lyszczarczyk is sure to be in game shape.
Sudbury trainer wins national honour
Troy Thompson has claimed many titles and awards over the years – gold medal at the junior Olympics, Mr. Sudbury, Mr. Northern Ontario – but ...
Locals medal at track provincials
Callum Bruser had a slow start, but a fast finish to his outdoor track and field season.
Developer Zulich buys Sudbury water tower
Jeff Perreault was 27 when he purchased the Sudbury water tower in 2010. He had plans to turn it into 35 condos.


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Crazy Substitute Teachers
Enjoy, NG4.03 / 5.00 2,314 Views
Vacuum Salesman
This dude and his Megazord vacuum cleaner4.00 / 5.00 2,669 Views
Markiplier Animated | Mark Of The Survey Corps
This took far too long to make...3.97 / 5.00 5,956 Views
Amazing animation, music and entertaining, but the storyline was pretty confusing, though interesting
I loved the story line and the plot. If this was an anime it would become my favorite very quickly :D 5/5 10/10
everything flowed perfectly together, the music, graphics and style were great!
Damn good...
Animation, and the voice acting was good, only criticism i can offer is this. Work on consistency of volume and sound quality. There were a few times that the quality was lower or way higher. Also, i don't think it's your music, but the bass track on the song before the fight was totally overpowering and cut out the sound. i have a high Q sound card and speakers, so whether it be you or an original artist, just think about that. Even with all of this, 5/5 10/10, beautiful work. Reminds me of Samurai Champloo in style, which is a good thing considering it's one of my favorite animes (=^.^=)
Very good
I like how u included the church in this flash.5/5 10/10 good job with animation and the voices were great.I also liked the funny moment when the girl said"I like your hair" and they had a conversation before she kidnaped her.


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Protesters claim ridesharing companies trying to buy election
Austin Good Government Group claims ridesharing companies, like Uber and Lyft, are trying to buy votes.
Austin Good Government Group claims ridesharing companies, like Uber and Lyft, are trying to buy votes.
Many viewers submitted pictures of damage and the lightning show display lighting the stormy sky.
Severe weather brought down tree limbs and knocked out power to much of the Austin Metro area early Wednesday morning.
This article will automatically update as the KXAN team posts new information.
Tuesday afternoon, a crew with the Austin-Travis County EMS headed to the Waco area because of the threat of severe weather.
Sergeant Derek Pagan was killed while walking along US Highway 183 and Riverside Drive in Southeast Austin last April.
Hillary Clinton was dominant in four Democratic races and now is 90 percent of the way to the number needed to claim her own nomination.
People rallied around him after the news of his punishment was released.
Go to victorycup.org/derbyday
Go to freedmensbar.com
Go to monetandme.com
Go to castlehillfitness.com
Go to Facebook.com/BastropsFestivalWeekend
Prince wasn't married and had no known living children. Though he only has one full sibling, he has five half-siblings.
City and campus officials believe this might be one way to curb criminal transients near the UT campus.
Acevedo lost five days of pay and was issued a written reprimand from the city manager.
Officer Mark Manley was arrested in October 2015 for misdemeanor assault in Cedar Park.
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text: Martin, On Sun, Feb 22, 2004 at 10:47:12AM +0100, Martin Senftleben wrote: >=20 > Now, if I'm creating an ancestors report, I get only the straight line=20 > up to the topmost ancestors, but no aunts and uncles etc., which=20 > would be of utmost importance for them.=20 This seems correct, as your aunts and uncles are not your ancestors,=20 strictly speaking. They have common ancestors with you, and they are=20 children of your ancestors, but they are not your ancestors. > If I do the descendants report, I only get names and birth dates,=20 > nothing else. The descendants report would be fine, if it would be=20 > possible to add more details, possibly everything in the database=20 > about those descendants (with the usual choices that can be made also=20 > in the ancestors reports). I think that FTM-style descendant report is your best bet, and you seem to= =20 have already found this yourself :-) Detailed (Ancestral and Descendant) reports are pretty old. They're still available, but they're not that well written for further extensions and translations. The FTM-style reports are our latest ones, as well as the Comprehensive Ancestral report.=20 Also, if you're creating more than one document for your relatives, you may want to try Book report. This would combine any number of any reports into a single document. Plus you can add custom title pages to the whole book, its chapters, etc. This way, you can provide an FTM-style descendant report for your distant relative (which includes your aunt) and add to it her personal ancestral report. Plus charts, etc. :-) Hope this help, Alex --=20 Alexander Roitman http://ebner.neuroscience.umn.edu/people/alex.html Dept. of Neuroscience, Lions Research Building 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Tel (612) 625-7566 FAX (612) 626-9201


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Category: Guest Bloggers
By Meagan at tulipbyanyname
Spring has officially sprung! May is the peak of springtime in the Northern Hemisphere. With April showers now behind us, it's time for fresh May baby names ready to bloom!
Maia / Maya – The month of May was named after Maia, a Greek and Roman goddess of spring; Maia is a Greek name meaning mother. The Roman's considered Maia to be an incarnation of Mother Earth. Maia and Maya have the same sound, but differ in popularity and meaning. Maia was #639 in 2013 and Maya, a Hebrew name meaning water, was #72. Both Maia and Maya are great names for a baby born in May.
My love affair with names began in elementary school when I selected a book about the meaning behind names from the monthly book order catalog. I enjoyed it so much I asked my parents to buy me a second name book. I picked up the original Beyond Jennifer and Jason, and highlighted it within inches of its life. I loved the way names sounded in my head and how Pamela and Linda took thinking about names a step further than most books. They gave them new meanings and classifications and offered insight into how names might be perceived by other people at all stages of someone's life. It fascinated me and thus, a name nerd was born.
For years, I scribbled stories here and there but my favorite part of the process was always naming the characters. I labored over who would get which moniker, many times to the detriment of the story. I'd have two full pages of characters with spectacular names and one page of actual story completed before I gave up and started something new.
By CaraMichelle
Some highly unusual names in Cara's comprehensive list this month, including an Ioni, a girl named Berlin—sister of a girl named Bowie, a Blues (not Blue), and a Hutch (brother of Tug). The three sets of twins born to celebs in March included the trendy Knox Blue and Violet Moon.
Among the highest profile celebs, Cate Blanchett went with the lovely classic Edith Vivian Patricia, Vin Diesel made the moving tribute to his late friend and co-star Paul Walker by naming his baby daughter Pauline, and Kevin James chose the name Sistine for her daughter, just as Sylvester Stallone did in 1998
There's a reason why April marks the beginning of wedding season—it is one of the loveliest months of the year. April marks a time of blossoming flowers, rising temperatures, and a lovely time to bring a baby into the world. Here are some fresh floral and other choices that would be perfect for your spring-born Berrybaby!
Anthea–Anthea is a delicate name inspired by the Greek goddess of flowers. A delightful springtime moniker, the neglected Anthea sounds both erudite and feminine. Anthea is a distinctive yet not-too-obvious choice for any little girl born in the springtime with a great ready-made adorable nickname—Thea. A famous literary reference is the 17th century Robert Herrick ode, "To Anthea, Who May Command Him Anything."
By Abby Sandel
Take an overlooked name with an on-trend sound, add a high profile celebrity birth announcement, and voilà – the next big thing in baby names.
Or not. Some names are too offbeat to catch on. I'm looking at you, Apple and Zuma.
But more often, celebrity baby names are truly influential. Starbabies can turn that name everyone is cautiously considering into the next Top Ten favorite. Ava, Isabella, Jayden, and Liam all got a big boost when Hollywood mamas chose the names.
When it comes to vintage baby names, a new celebrity baby can be a powerful signal that a name is prime for a comeback.


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A double from Antoine Griezmann was enough for Les Bleus to beat bugbears Germany 2-0 and win through to the Euro 2016 final, which will see them face off against Portugal at the Stade de France on Sunday night.
Read Article
France coach Didier Deschamps felt his players' top-notch performance fully deserved the 5-2 win over Iceland that booked the Euro 2016 host nation a berth in the semis against world champions Germany.
A double from Olivier Giroud (12', 59') plus strikes from Paul Pogba, Dimitri Payet and Antoine Griezmann saw France blast past giant-killers Iceland 5-2 and into the Euro 2016 semis, where they will face old rivals Germany.
FC Nantes striker Kolbeinn Sigthorsson got the winner in Iceland's shock 2-1 win over England in the Euro 2016 round of 16 on Monday, booking his tiny nation a place in the quarters against France on Sunday.
France coach Didier Deschamps admitted that it was no easy task for his side against Ireland, crediting his second-half tactical switch for 'shaking things up'. Opposite number Martin O'Neill hailed his players' tireless display.
France may have fallen behind early to Robbie Brady's spot-kick (2'), but a brace from Antoine Griezmann (58', 61') saw Les Bleus claim a 2-1 win over a ten-man Ireland side and book a place in the Euro 2016 quarter-finals.
France boss Didier Deschamps underlined the importance of Juventus star Paul Pogba after France drew 0-0 in a hard-fought clash with Switzerland to stay top of Group A on Sunday night.
Les Bleus secured top spot in Euro 2016 Group A by holding Switzerland to a 0-0 draw on Sunday, but could have hoped for a better result given the chances that fell for France stars Paul Pogba and Dimitri Payet.
France star Dimitri Payet talked up Les Bleus' tenacity after the late 2-0 win over Albania that clinched a place in the last 16; his coach Didier Deschamps explained why Paul Pogba and Antoine Griezmann started on the bench.
Very late trikes from Antoine Griezmann and Dimitri Payet handed France a 2-0 win over Albania in Marseille on Wednesday - a result that qualified Les Bleus for the last 16 while leaving some question marks over their efficacity.
© LFP 2010 - LFP, Ligue 1, L1, Domino's Ligue 2, L2, Coupe de la Ligue and Trophée des Champions are registered trademarks of LFP - All of the above times are CET


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Gem is a big guy, he's shown up to 3'3 jumpers, has trail ridden and gone on a few hunter paces and loved it. Could make a great foxhunter. He has no vices…$18,000
Ivan is a spectacular horse. He just started showing and handles it like a pro. Currently showing at 3' - 3'3" with plenty of scope to go a lot higher…$30,000
Thistle is a super cute small Thoroughbred, bred by me. She has had some showing up to 2'9 with the scope to do 3' easily for the Thoroughbred divisions…$7,500
2007 Thoroughbred gelding. Elegant in appearance with long body and neck and handsome head. 16H plain dark bay. Four solid years experience in the hunt…$12,000
ZIlverstar's sire Cardento is winner of 3 team silver medals which include the European Championships, World Equestrian Games and the Olympic Games. He…Stud Fee: $900
Victor E is a KWPN activated 2002 stallion by the world famous Indoctro. He is currently being campaigned by John McCrea of Windsor Show Stables in East…Stud Fee: $1,200
Twisther is 2000 Anglo European Studbook approved stallion jumping at the Grand Prix level with John and Christine McCrea of East Windsor, CT. In the…Stud Fee: $1,300
2014 KWPN-NA HORSE OF THE YEAR Imported in 2009 this 8 yr old Stallion by Indoctro is an exceptional specimen. In 2007 he scored an 8.1 in his 30 day…Stud Fee: $1,950


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7 States Cut Unemployment Insurance, Costing Jobless Workers Federal Benefits Too
A combination of federal and state unemployment insurance programs kept 2.3 million Americans out of poverty in 2011, mitigating some of the negative effects the Great Recession had on jobless workers. But even as unemployment remains stubbornly high, several states are taking the axe to their unemployment programs, and the result is that recipients are losing federal unemployment insurance too.
Seven states have reduced the length of their unemployment programs from 26 weeks, the standard since the 1950s, by as much as 14 weeks, according to a new policy paper from the National Employment Law Project. But because federal benefits depend on the number of weeks offered at the state level, those cuts are also costing workers access to the federal program. In those states, five of which have unemployment rates higher than the federal level, those cuts are costing individual recipients as much as $5,000, according to NELP:
The average jobless worker has been unemployed for 35 weeks, and 40 percent of unemployed workers have been out of a job for at least 27 weeks, meaning the cuts will hammer large numbers of the unemployed in these states. While opponents of unemployment insurance decry the "culture of dependency" the program creates, research shows that recipients work harder to find a new job than those who don't have access to the program.
America's unemployment program, stingy as it is, also has benefits for the economy: the Congressional Budget Office estimated that failure to extend the federal program at the beginning of the year would have cost the country 300,000 jobs.