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Nomination of Gilberto de Jesús to Serve as Chief Counsel for Advocacy at SBA Good News for America's Small Businesses
Miguel Ayala (202) 205-6420
WASHINGTON - Today, the White House announced that President Barack Obama intends to nominate Gilberto de Jesús to serve as Chief Counsel for Advocacy, an independent office at the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). SBA Administrator Maria Contreras-Sweet immediately announced her support for his nomination and called for his swift confirmation by the U.S. Senate. The Office of Advocacy advances the views and concerns of small business before Congress, the White House, the federal agencies, the federal courts and state policy makers as it pertains to regulatory challenges.
"Gilberto de Jesús has extensive experience in serving overall business concerns and his prior accomplishments will serve him well as Chief Counsel for Advocacy at SBA." Administrator Contreras-Sweet said. "As an independent office at the SBA, his work will be vital to achieving the overall mission of this agency, which is to grow the economic engine of our nation, small businesses. I look forward to working alongside Mr. de Jesús for America's entrepreneurs."
Gilberto de Jesús is currently a Senior Attorney in the Office of Communications Business Opportunities at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), a position he has held since 2009. From 2007 to 2008, Mr. de Jesús was a Senior Legislative Fellow in the Office of U.S. Senator Benjamin Cardin. Previously, Mr. de Jesús served as an Attorney Advisor with the FCC's Investigations & Hearings Division from 2000 to 2007. From 1999 to 2000, Mr. de Jesús served as a Consultant for the Maryland Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. Prior to that, he was Secretary of the Juvenile Justice Department of Maryland. From 1989 to 1997, he served at the Department of Justice as an Assistant U.S. Attorney and Legal Advisor to Federal and state prosecutors on issues of international law enforcement. He currently sits on the Board of Directors for the Baltimore Development Corporation as well as the University of Maryland Medical Systems. Mr. de Jesús received a B.A. from Columbia University and a J.D. from The George Washington University School of Law.
Administrator Contreras-Sweet also stated her thanks and commends the dedicated work of former Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Winslow Sargeant for advocating on behalf of America's
small businesses. "Over the past four years Dr. Sargeant has saved small businesses $17 billion in first-year regulatory costs and published more than 75 timely and actionable economic research reports," she stated.
The Chief Counsel for Advocacy holds an integral role at the SBA. An independent office, the Chief Counsel directs the Office of Advocacy's operations, which include conducting research on the U.S. small business sector, advocating for small businesses within the federal government's agencies and rulemaking processes, reaching out to regional and state small business advocates and policymakers, and fostering public awareness of small business contributions and concerns.
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Chromophobia – a fear of corruption or contamination through colour – has lurked within Western culture since ancient times. In Western culture, colour has often been reviled as foreign, feminine, infantile, vulgar, or else relegated to the realm of the superficial, the inessential, or the cosmetic.
In this broad-ranging lecture, artist and writer David Batchelor explores 19th- and 20th-century ideas about colour and its association with the Oriental and the exotic. He considers Delacroix's sensuous palette, the writings of Baudelaire, and his own artistic responses to this perceived Western ambivalence to colour.
Image above: David Batchelor, 'Magic Hour', 2004-07, 320 x 267 x 30cm. Installation view 'Light Show', Hayward Gallery, 2013 © the artist 2016, photo by Marcus J Leith, courtesy the artist, Ingleby Gallery, Edinburgh, and Galeria Leme, Sao Paulo.

subset: commoncrawl


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DRC home :: Events :: Feedback :: Wallpaper :: Advanced Search
DINWIDDIE, Va. - Results of round 2 eliminations in Top Fuel at the Hooters IHRA Drag Racing Series, 2nd annual ACDelco Nationals presented by Chevrolet:
Qua-Driver(Opp'nt)-RT-----ET---Speed-Rd-Qua-Driver(Opp'nt)-RT-----ET---Speed 3 Josh Starcher 4.825 300.60 Q 2 Clay Millican 4.818 299.66 (J OSTRANDER ) 0.538 5.192 246.62 E1 (D REED ) 0.508 5.022 274.61 0.526 5.466 202.09 E2 *****WINNER***** 0.509 4.993 298.34
5:42 PM This one went according to form, Millican once again with a softer
than usual setup (a 0.911 60-foot time) but a clean pass, good enough to get the
job done.
Qua-Driver(Opp'nt)-RT-----ET---Speed-Rd-Qua-Driver(Opp'nt)-RT-----ET---Speed 4 Paul Romine 4.900 289.94 Q 1 Bruce Litton 4.747 308.43 (L ALLISON ) 0.432 4.959 288.89 E1 (R DEAN ) 0.530 4.946 283.31 0.476 5.113 273.66 E2 *****WINNER***** 0.433 5.064 290.26
Good drag race, Litton with a psychic light and just a bit more than Romine the
rest of the way down the track to win by a couple car lengths. Romine sacrificed a
bullet chasing Litton, his engine eating itself on the top end and the shutdown
area, leaving a trail of oil behind it. It will be Millican and Litton in the
finals, Millican with lane choice.
IHRA: 10 Most Recent Entries [ top ]
Jul 18- IHRA Mopar Rocky Mountain Nationals presented by Good Vibrations Pro Results
Jul 17- IHRA Mopar Rocky Mountain Nationals presented by Good Vibrations Pro Qualifying Results
Jul 15- Complete Guide to the IHRA Mopar Rocky Mountain Nationals presented by Good Vibrations
Jul 12- IHRA Drag Racing Series Finale to be Held at US 131 Motorsports August 12 -13
Jun 27- IHRA Mopar Canadian Nationals Pro Results
Jun 27- IHRA Mopar Canadian Nationals Pro Qualifying Results
Jun 21- Point Standings following the President's Cup Nationals Fueled by Sunoco at Maryland
Jun 21- Rolling Mix Concrete Raceway Joins IHRA
Jun 21- IHRA President's Cup Nationals Fueled by Sunoco Results
Jun 18- IHRA President's Cup Nationals Fueled by Sunoco Qualifying Results


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- Miss Florida 2017 stripped of crown days after win - US Weekly
- Lindsay Lohan steps out amid relationship drama - TMZ
- Was Taylor Swift snubbed by the VMAs? - Gossip Cop
- Rachel Platten sings "Fight Song" with lots of stars - Just Jared Jr
- Farrah Abraham sizzles in a revealing bikini - Radar
- New pics from the Clooneys' Italian summer - Lainey Gossip
- Fox News snubs major DNC moment - The Hollywood Reporter
12 March 2013 at 1:04 PM
Eva Longoria: Laureus World Sports Awards 2013!
About this photo set: Eva Longoria strikes a pose as she attends the 2013 Laureus World Sports Awards held at the Theatro Municipal Do Rio de Janeiro on Monday (March 11) in Rio de Janeiro,… Read More Here
Photo #: 2829234
Posted to Bikini, Eva Longoria
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Conversational and warm. Greg has a very strong and smooth voice and an extremely quick turn around time.
English (North American)
North American
Middle Aged, Senior, Young Adult
Special Skills
Business, Documentaries, Internet, Movie Trailers, Radio, Telephone, Television, Videogames
I've done voice over acting for 7 years now. In that time I have grown immensely. My intuition for the direction of the copy has increased, along with my vocal range. This has led to amazing jobs and close relationships.
Sennheiser 416 into Golden Age Pre-73 MKII
Computer & Software
Intel i5 2500k, 16gb DDR3, Samsung 830 128gb & Backup, Silent Noctua Fans, Pro Tools.
Special Equipment
WhisperRoom Isolation Booth w/ OC703 fiberglass treatment.
Delivery Methods
Source Connect, email, YouSendIt. AIFF - WAV - MP3
Turnaround Time
2 hours
Service Description
High quality recordings - Quick Turnaround - Professional Service.
Greg has a very strong and smooth voice and an extremely quick turn around time. He has a great amount of versatility, if you are considering him for your project I definitely recommend him without any hesitation.Image Studios
-Aaron Randerson
Gregory was great to work with. It's nice to be able to send off a script and get back a great read on the first take.Less Films
-Eric Darnell
Very easy to work with. Had a great feel for the content.Thorn Television, Inc.
-Mark Thorn
Greg has been great to work with! He has provided me with several different versions of reads for my project and he goes the extra mile to satisfy. He definitely is a pro and wants for you to be happy with what you get. I would highly recommend him for your VO needs! Thanks for everything Greg!Hawkins Digital Media, LLC
-Casey Hawkins
Quick, helpful and reliable. Look forward to working with Greg again.Omnific Advertising, Inc.
-Jesse Springer
Client List
Royal Caribbean International
Taco Bell
Transworld Travels
Level Studios
Business Partners
Florida Medical Clinic
Connell Nissan, etc
Payment Terms
Hire GREGORY for voice-over work. Payment is made through Voices.com SurePay, an escrow service that guarantees your work is done to your satisfaction. Send payment securely by Visa, Mastercard or PayPal through Voices.com then download your files from the website.
Watch a video to see how to make a payment
Next Steps
To contact GREGORY DUNN about your project, request a quote today. We'll walk you through the process step-by-step. It's fast and easy.


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Matchups for Monday, Jan. 14
All times Eastern.
Key: Opp. PPG = Points per game allowed to opponents. Opp. FGP = Field goal percentage allowed to opponents. RPG Diff. = The difference between team's rebounds per game and its opponents' rebounds per game.
Injury Report
Chucky Atkins, PG, Nuggets (sports hernia)
Brent Barry, SG, Spurs (calf)
Nene Hilario, PF/C, Nuggets (undisclosed)
Steve Blake, PG, Trail Blazers (calf)
Raymond Felton, PG, Bobcats (ankle)
Jason Kidd, PG, Nets (illness)
Andrei Kirilenko, PF, Jazz (back)
Vladimir Radmanovic, SF, Lakers (ankle)
Luke Ridnour, PG, SuperSonics (quadriceps)
Rajon Rondo, PG, Celtics (back)
Brandon Roy, SG, Trail Blazers (knee)
John Salmons, SG, Kings (illness)
Sasha Vujacic, PG/SG, Lakers (ankle)
Chris Wilcox, PF, SuperSonics (pinkie finger)
Start 'Em, Sit 'Em
Kirilenko is day-to-day for Utah with some inflammation. If he misses the game Monday, Milwaukee's Yi Jianlian is worth a start. Utah gives up a lot of points, and Yi might be a little too quick for Carlos Boozer and a little too big for anyone else Utah could use to defend him. Yi has been struggling lately, but this game could get him back on track. Make sure you have Kevin Martin starting for Sacramento. In his first game back from injury on Saturday, he scored 25 points in 28 minutes on only nine shots, so I think we can assume he is feeling fine. Dallas is a tough team, but Martin has proved he is an elite player. Of course, since he is returning from injury, we might see Martin's defense suffer a bit, so the Mavs' Jason Terry looks like a good start as well. If you're not starting Andrew Bynum every night at this point, it's probably a mistake. Even so, I'm expecting a particularly huge game out of Bynum against Seattle. He's coming off a tremendous performance against Milwaukee in which he had 25 points and a career-high 17 rebounds. He could eclipse even that against the Sonics, who don't seem to have enough of an inside presence to deal with both Bynum and Lamar Odom.
Waiver-Wire Pickups
The Bobcats are dealing with injuries to pretty much every guard in their rotation right now, and if either Felton or Jeff McInnis is forced to miss time, reserve guard Matt Carroll might get enough minutes to be the effective scorer he was last season, when he averaged double-figures in points and made almost two 3-pointers per game. The Nuggets don't defend very well on the perimeter, so the opportunity is there for Carroll on Monday. With Blake listed as questionable and the Blazers facing Kidd, Roy could see more time at the point. That could end up freeing up some more minutes for James Jones, who shot the lights out from everywhere on the floor over his past five games (56 percent on 3s and 88 percent from the line). I'm extremely intrigued by Philly's Thaddeus Young, who has put together a couple of good games recently, including 16 points each in road games against the Lakers and Raptors. Given his size and scoring ability, he's a bit similar to another rookie, the Clippers' Al Thornton, who put up excellent numbers in two consecutive games against the Spurs. The Spurs seem to have trouble dealing with bigger small forwards who can score (and muscle Bruce Bowen), so the matchup could be favorable for Young to show what he can do. If you are in a keeper league and Young is available, pick him up. If Philly makes a trade in the coming weeks, it could free up a lot of minutes for Young, who has enough talent to contribute on a regular basis.
Seth Landman is a fantasy basketball analyst for ESPN.com


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Hearing aids in Weaverville, NC
We found 14 hearing clinics with 46 reviews within 79.9 miles of Weaverville, NC.
Featured hearing professionals near you
Tracie Rice, AuD
Dr. Tracie Rice is a faculty member and the clinical audiologist at Western Carolina University. She (read more)
Davis Audiology
Kristin Davis, Au.D., FAAA
Dr. Kristin Davis earned her Masters degree in Audiology from Memphis State University and her (read more)
Sharon Riddle, Au.D.
Sharon completed both her undergraduate degree and her Master's in Audiology from East (read more)
Susan Valenti, AuD, FAAA
Dr. Susan Valenti is one of the licensed audiologist and director at Southern Hearing Center (read more)
Tara Bailey, HIS, DPM
Dr. Tara Bailey, DPM, HIS is the founder and hearing instrument specialist at Advanced Hearing (read more)
Carol Mathis, Master's in Audiology
Carol Mathis received her Bachelor's degree from Winthrop College and both of her Master's (read more)
Virginia Wright, AuD, CCC-A
Licensed doctor of audiology Virginia Wright provides audiology services for Greer and Spartanburg (read more)
Appalachian State University Communication Disorders Clinic
Mary Ruth Sizer, MA, CCC-A, FAAA
Mary Ruth Sizer is an experienced profession audiologist and clinical educator at the Appalachian (read more)
Jennifer Henson, M.S., CCC-A
Dr. Jennifer Henson is the licensed audiologist serving patients at Mountain Empire Hearing and (read more)
Alan Smith, Au.D., CCC-A
Dr. Smith graduated from the University of Florida with a Doctor of Audiology Degree and from (read more)
Additional professionals near you
Asheville Head Neck and Ear
View Clinic Details
Mark A. Kenzik, M.A. CCC- A
View Clinic Details
Salyer Hearing Center PLLC - Sylva
View Clinic Details
Bridgewater Balance & Hearing - Sev…
View Clinic Details


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Get The Look
Costume Preview: Backstage Pass
Posted in Fashion, Get The Look, New Stories We Love Tagged Backstage, Costumes, fashion Leave a comment
Out of the Shadows
Brighten up basic classic looks with colorful warm-ups.
Posted in Fashion, Get The Look Tagged Ballet, Ballet Hispanico, BHdos, Class, fashion, Style, warmups, winter Leave a comment
A Touch of Lace
Whether your look is dainty and feminine or '80s punk-rock, a little lace can go a long way toward glamorizing … More »
Posted in Get The Look, Style Lab Tagged Class, dancewear, fashion, Lace, leotards, Style Leave a comment
Shine On
Everyone loves playing with sparkly makeup—but it's easy to go overboard and end up covered in glitter! We asked makeup … More »
Posted in Beauty, Get The Look Tagged beauty, fashion, glitter, makeup, shimmer Leave a comment
Blunt bangs are adorable, but they're not always dance-friendly. Hair and makeup artist Chuck Jensen shows you three cute ways … More »
Posted in Beauty, Get The Look Tagged bangs, beauty, Hair, hairstyle, Style Leave a comment
The Dance Spirit Style-O-Matic
Want to spruce up your style this fall? We've gathered a bunch of great mix-and-match pieces to create fresh looks … More »
Posted in Fashion, Get The Look Tagged Back to School, fashion Leave a comment


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In our SQL-Server 2005 database, we have a table T_Groups.
T_Groups has, amongst other things, the fields ID (PK) and Name.
Now some idiot in our company used the name as key in a mapping table...
Which means now one may not alter a group name, because if one does, the mapping is gone...
Now, until this is resolved, I need to add a restriction to T_Groups, so one can't update the group's name.
Note that insert should still be possible, and an update that doesn't change the groupname should also be possible.
Also note that the user of the application & the developers have both dbo and sysadmin rights, so REVOKE/DENY won't work.
How can I do this with a trigger ?


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Arthouse Interactive
New York, NY 10018
Digital Marketing Intern
ArtHouse Interactive is currently seeking a Digital Marketing Intern to join our team for the Fall/Winter (mid-September through early December).
ArtHouse Interactive is a full-service agency that brings game-changing design to digital marketing. We are a team of digital strategists, media specialists and designers who believe that today's brands need more than an audience to succeed online; they need a following. We work with our clients to create online advertising and marketing content that is beautiful, strategic, and seamlessly built on their brand, converting users into active and engaged customers.
– Monitor online conversations for brands
– Support Social Media team in their campaigns as needed
– Proofread, fact check, and spell check all materials in development
– Assist with testing developmental online applications
– Research industry trends & upcoming technology
– List management
– Errands, deliveries, and runner duties
– Organizational skills a must
– Must be familiar with and active in mainstream social networking platforms including but not limited to Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, Foursquare
– Attention to meticulous detail
– Proficiency with Microsoft Office
– Team player, pro-active attitude
– Interest in / knowledge of theater (a plus but not a must)
– Previous experience in digital marketing/advertising a plus but not required
To apply, please submit a cover letter and resume with "INQ: ArtHouse Interactive Internship" in the subject line to firstname.lastname@example.com.
The internship requires a commitment of at least 3 days per week. A weekly stipend for travel/food reimbursement is provided. College credit may be arranged.


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Call us: 1.888.996.9890
Free Shipping to ANYWHERE in the Continental US
The Luxe Collection Split Head Sheet sets are designed to bring a little luxury and high thread count softness to your adjustable base bed. These sheets split 34" from the head of the mattress to allow for separate movement within an adjustable base bed. If you have questions about whether or not this sheet set is right for you, give us a call! 888.993.9890 We are always happy to help you find exactly what you need for your bed.
Machine wash warm or cold, dry low. We recommend removing promptly from dryer for less wrinkles and fabric care.
Give us a call at 888.996.9890 or submit the form below to request a price match. We will beat any competitors price by 110% of the difference. Our price match guarantee does not apply to open box, display merchandise, special purchases, promo offers, used, damaged or returned products. Qualifying decisions on our price match guarantee rest solely with Bedplanet.com


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My husband and I stayed 5 nights and had a very pleasant stay.
The front desk crew are so friendly( special thanks to Ms.Tammy) our room was spacious and clean, breakfast was fresh and service was very professional.
Great location, close to deerwood park( business center), st. John's town center ( 5 star shopping center of Jax) is less than 5 minutes drive.
Lots of restaurants, fine dining and bars, supermarket and convenient store, in a walking distance of hotel. Parking space is a available.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, TripOnline SA, Booking.com, Hilton Hotels, Orbitz, Hotwire, Hotels.com, Priceline, Travelocity and Odigeo so you can book your Hampton Inn & Suites Jacksonville South-St. Johns Town Center Area reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Hampton Inn And Suites Jacksonville-Southside Blvd-Deerwood Pk
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- Hampton Inn Jacksonville
- Jacksonville Hampton Inn


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Pakistan is collapsing into civil war, causing world leaders, pundits and assorted chickens, wusses, pussies and scaredy cats to start freaking out.
Why the freakness?
Outside observers are afraid the world is about to confront a nuclear nightmare. They're afraid Pakistan's super-violent, fundamentalist Taliban fighters might be able to get their hands on one of Pakistan's nuclear weapons.
Is it possible?
Yes. It's actually happened before.
In 1965, an organized crime group led by a man named Emilio Largo stole a French fighter jet loaded with two nuclear weapons.
Largo and his crew hid the weapons in an underwater cave in the Bahamas. Largo threatened to nuke Miami unless he received a sack of diamonds worth approximately $2 billion in today's money.
Largo was on the brink of bombing Miami, but was thwarted at the last minute by a heroic British government employee who not only found the nukes, but also killed Largo and stole his mega-hot girlfriend. …
Never mind. That's actually the plot of the James Bond movie Thunderball. The History Channel and Spike TV are right next to each on my cable. Sometimes I get confused.
But the bit about world leaders and scaredy cats freaking out is totally true.
Pakistan's Taliban fighters have advanced to within 100 miles of Pakistan's capital, Islamabad, and its military headquarters in Rawalpindi. There has also been heavy fighting between Taliban and government troops near at least two Pakistani nuclear facilities.
Pakistan's government swears to Gosh that their weapons and related nuclear materials are totally secure.
Unfortunately, the Pakistani government's nuclear promises are about as reassuring as former Democratic presidential candidate John Edwards' promise that he ain't his mistress's baby-daddy.
Pakistan has the second-most hellaciously bad track record on nuclear issues since atoms were invented. (I was about to write that Pakistan had the absolute worst nuclear track record. Then I remembered the U.S. actually nuked Japan.)
Do you recall the name A.Q. Khan? Khan is a scientist and father of the Pakistan's nuclear arsenal. After building Pakistan's nukes, he sold his plans and spare parts to other countries, including North Korea and Iran.
After the U.S. figured out what Khan was up to in 2003, Pakistan made him stop. But Pakistan never allowed Khan to be turned over to, or even questioned by, international investigators.
Pakistan's actions suggest it had something to hide — that perhaps Khan wasn't a rogue. Maybe top Pakistani were backing him for a cut of the money. We don't yet know, but none of the signs are reassuring.
To make matters worse, Pakistan has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. That means its nuclear facilities are not subject to inspection by the U.N.'s nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency.
National Public Radio reports the U.S. has given Pakistan $100 million to upgrade its nuclear safety equipment, but the U.S. has reportedly been unable to verify that the money was actually spent on securing nuclear weapons or facilities. Their nukes could be less secure than high school gym lockers and we wouldn't know it.
No one would be surprised if the money had been wasted. The Bush administration sent more than $10 billion to Pakistan in the aftermath of 9/11.
The money was supposed to help Pakistan fight its growing number of Islamic extremists, but much of it seems to have disappeared into people's pockets.
The rest of the loot seems to have been spent arming Pakistan for its on-again-off-again war with neighboring India (to which, by the way, the Bush administration sold nuclear reactors, even though India had never signed the NNPT, either).
Even if we could know for certain that Pakistan's leaders were working diligently to keep its nukes secure, there'd still be reason to worry. Many rank-and-file Pakistani soldiers sympathize with the Taliban.
Paki-nukes are made using highly enriched uranium, which makes them ideal for use in a crude nuclear device (aka a dirty bomb). If a disgruntled insider smuggles out just 25 pounds of such uranium, he'll have enough to build a bomb, dirty or otherwise.


text:
Web platform in Prolog - repost
This project was successfully completed by bfeliu for $84 USD in 6 days.Get free quotes for a project like this
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I've done a bit of work but I need help.
I will discuss details in private.
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- Times Online


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You missed it This great deal for Temple Mound Spiritual Wellness Center is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
Related Deals That You May Like
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Put Your Mind at Ease with a Two-Day Meditation and Mind Expansion Retreat, Plus Meals
75% recommendedin LivingSocial customer ratings
Learn to create a relaxed meditative state -- and reach higher states of consciousness -- with help from the Monroe Institute's patented Hemi-Sync audio technology at this Tarpon Springs wellness center:
• $121 ($243 value) for a two-day weekend meditation and mind expansion retreat
• Includes healthy catered lunches and all-day snacks and beverages
• Spend 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. meditating, stretching, and taking classes
Technology-Aided Meditation & More
The high-tech wireless audio system will allow you to choose your meditation location from the group area or the comfort of your own room should you choose to rent one for the weekend; the Hemi-Sync technology uses patented sound technology to produce transcendental states. In addition to lunch, snacks, and beverages the workshop includes course materials, a take-home meditation CD, a $200 voucher for most residential programs at the Monroe Institute, and a $50 voucher for future Temple Mound workshops.
PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON July 30, 2021
PROMOTIONAL VALUE EXPIRES ON February 22, 2014
Buy this Deal with confidence, because it's covered by the LivingSocial Good Deal Guarantee up to the Voucher Expiration DateSee Details »
the fine print
- Limit 1 per customer, up to 2 additional as gifts
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- Merchant cancellation/re-scheduling policy of 24 hours applies; voucher subject to forfeiture
- All services must be redeemed during a single visit by same customer
- Overnight accommodations and discounts are available on site - inquire directly with merchant.
- Other conditions apply
special delivery
shop unique gifts and deliver them with style
easy, flexible delivery
print it out, email it now, or schedule it for a later date--it's up to you
personalized email
Emailing your gift? Write a message, select a theme, and hit send. The price you paid will not be displayed in the email.
special printed voucher
Delivering the gift in person? Choose a theme, print it out, and pass it along to that special someone. It's that simple.
Deal Fine Print
Limit 1 per customer, up to 2 additional as gifts
• Appointments required and subject to availability
• Merchant cancellation/re-scheduling policy of 24 hours applies; voucher subject to forfeiture
• All services must be redeemed during a single visit by same customer
• Overnight accommodations and discounts are available on site - inquire directly with merchant.
• PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON July 30, 2021
• PROMOTIONAL VALUE EXPIRES ON February 22, 2014
• Cannot be combined with any other offer or promotion
• Tax and gratuity are not included
• Merchant is responsible for the quality of the products or services provided to you at redemption
• LivingSocial Terms and Conditions - https://www.livingsocial.com/terms


text:
See highlights of the 2-2 draw against Cittadella in Rovereto.
Coach Rolando Maran discusses the situation after the two friendlies in San Zeno di Montagna.
See highlights of the win over Virtus Vecomp.
The sixth and final report from Roberto De Bellis.
Roberto De Bellis talks about the ChievoVerona training programme.
Midfielder Nicola Rigoni speaks following today's match.
Coach Rolando Maran speaks following today's match.
#ChievoTop22 12-1 highlights.
Which is the best goal so far in Brentonico?
Roberto De Bellis takes us through the Gialloblù training programme.
A.C. Chievo Verona SRL
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Dec 2, 1997
|Filing date
|Apr 26, 1994
|Priority date
|Apr 28, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Edward J. Morton
|Original Assignee
|The University Of Surrey
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (24), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (50), Classifications (17), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to radiation detectors and in particular to large-area, two-dimensional, pixellated radiation detectors.
The invention has particular, though not exclusive application to such detectors used for medical imaging; for example, medical X-radiation imaging.
Pixellated radiation detectors usually comprise an array of radiation-sensitive elements layed out in two-dimensional fashion. Typically, the elements are arranged in rows and columns to form a regular array.
In one known example of such radiation detectors each element in the array comprises a reverse-biased photodiode coupled to a transistor. During signal integration, the transistor is held in a non-conducting state and an optical radiation signal derived from the incident radiation is allowed to discharge the bias applied across the photodiode. The signal is then readout by switching the transistor to its conducting state and recording the amount of charge required to restore the reverse bias across the photodiode. Such arrays are typically constructed from crystalline silicon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a - Si:H).
A radiation detector of this kind tends to be unsatisfactory in that the detector exhibits non-linear performance and saturation for large input signals, and leakage current in an a-Si:H sensor results in appreciable detected shot noise. Also, such radiation detectors suffer from image lag due to trapping sites in the semiconductor material.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a radiation detector comprising, first capacitive means including a two-dimensional array of discrete, charge-collection electrodes, second capacitive means including radiation conversion means, the second capacitive means being co-operable with the first capacitive means to cause charge to accumulate on said discrete, charge-collection electrodes according to the spatial distribution of intensity of radiation to which said radiation conversion means is exposed, and read-out means for outputting a signal representative of charge that accumulates on the discrete, charge collection electrodes of the first capacitive means.
The radiation detector has a dual-capacitive structure which serves to protect the read-out circuitry from exposure to relatively high electrical voltages associated with the operation of the radiation conversion means. Also, the structure of the radiation detector enables a relatively high frame rate imaging capability to be attained.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a radiation detector comprising, first capacitive means including a semiconductor substrate and a two-dimensional array of discrete, charge-collection electrodes formed on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate, each said charge-collection electrode forming part of a respective first capacitor,
second capacitive means comprising a second capacitor arranged in series with the first capacitors of the first capacitive means, the second capacitor comprising a layer of a radiation conversion material for converting radiation to which the layer is exposed into electrical charge and focussing means for focussing charge generated in the layer of radiation conversion material onto said discrete charge-collection electrodes, whereby charge accumulates on the charge-collection electrodes substantially according to the spatial distribution of the intensity of said radiation,
and read-out means for outputting a signal representative of charge that accumulates on the discrete, charge-collection electrodes.
Radiation detectors according to the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates diagrammatically a radiation detector according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 2(a) to 2(c) show the equivalent circuits of different implementations of the radiation converter shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows diagramatically the read-out circuitry of the radiation detector illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4a to 4d illustrate how the radiation detector is sequenced;
FIG. 5 is a simplified plan view of a group of four charge-collection electrodes in a radiation detector according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows a simplified cross-sectional view through part of the radiation detector shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 shows an idealised distribution of the potential minimum for electronic focussing in the radiation detector shown in FIGS. 5 and 6;
FIG. 8 is a simplified cross-sectional view through part of a radiation detector showing the radiation converter; and
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic illustration of an imaging system incorporating a radiation detector according to the invention.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the radiation detector includes a dual-capacitive structure comprising an array A of first capacitors 10 and a second capacitor 20, and further includes semiconductor read-out circuitry 30.
The second capacitor 20 incorporates a radiation converter 21. The form of radiation converter used will depend upon the particular application to which the radiation detector is being put. In this particular embodiment, the radiation detector is suitable for the detection of X-radiation with high resolution, and the radiation converter 21 comprises a flat plate electrode 22 made from a suitable radiation-transmissive material and an ionisation medium 23, which could be a solid, liquid or a gas, contained within an ionisation chamber (not shown).
The array A of first capacitors 10 is formed by a thin layer 11 of a dielectric material disposed between a planar electrode 12 and a two-dimensional array of discrete, charge-collection electrodes 13 arranged in rows and columns (of which only a single row is shown in FIG. 1). Each discrete electrode 13 forms part of a respective said first capacitor 10 in the array A.
In a typical embodiment, layer 11 might comprise a sheet of glass fibre composite forming part of a printed circuit board with metal pads forming the electrode array 13 and a ground plane forming the planar electrode 12.
As will be described in greater detail hereinafter, electrode 22 of the radiation converter presents a surface which is exposed to radiation being detected, and each discrete electrode 13 corresponds to a single pixel in the image of the detected radiation which is to be formed by the radiation detector.
Referring now to the equivalent circuits shown in FIGS. 2a-2c, electrode 22 is connected to an HT voltage source 40. The arrangement is such that each capacitor 10 is connected in series to capacitor 20. For clarity, FIGS. 2a-2c show only one of the capacitors 10 in the array A.
The HT voltage source 40 supplies a voltage VEHT to electrode 22 and creates a strong electric field Eo across the ionisation medium 23.
In operation of the radiation detector, incident radiation ionises the ionisation medium 23 creating electrons and positive ions, or in the case of a semiconductor, electrons and holes. These charges will drift in the direction of the applied electric field, Eo, to electrodes 13 and 22. When +VEHT is connected to electrode 22, electrons will drift to electrode 22 whereas the positive ions or holes are caused to drift to the discrete electrodes 13.
The charge which accumulates on the array of discrete electrodes 13 corresponds substantially to the spatial distribution of the intensity of incident radiation.
It is the function of the read-out circuitry 30 to output a signal representative of charge that has accumulated on electrodes 13, which signal can then be processed to generate a two-dimensional image representing the spatial distribution of intensity of the incident radiation. To that end, each electrode 13 is connected to a respective data line (D) via a respective semiconductor switch in the form of a field effect transistor (FET or JFET) 31 and an optional amplifier 32.
FIG. 2(a) shows the simplest implementation in which the amplifier 32 is omitted, whereas FIGS. 2(b) and 2(c) show more complex implementations in which the amplifier is included. Each amplifier 32 has an associated reset switch 33 and output multiplexer switch 34. FIG. 2(b) shows the arrangement for 8 voltage sensitive amplifier whereas FIG. 2(c) shows the arrangement for a current sensitive amplifier.
With the respective switch 31 open, each first capacitor 10 in array A integrates part of the total signal current isig (t). Since
isig (t)=i1 (t)+i2 (t), (1)
i1 (t) is the current flowing through the respective capacitor 10 at time t, and
i2 (t) is the current flowing through capacitor 20, then respective voltages V1, V2 are developed across each capacitor 10 and across capacitor 20 according to the expression ##EQU1## where ti is the time interval during which charge accumulates on the discrete electrodes 13 i.e. the integration period,
C1 is the capacitance of the first capacitors 10 and
C2 is the capacitance of the second capacitor 20.
The respective voltage V1 developed across each first capacitor 10 during the integration period is ti is proportional to the integrated intensity of radiation received at the corresponding pixel during that period. Accordingly, by reading out the voltages V1, an image of the intensity distribution of incident radiation can be derived.
In order to maximise the detected output signal, the current i2 flowing through the second capacitor 20 should be as small as is practicable. It follows from equation (2) above that,
i1 /i2 =-C1 /C2 (3)
and so the value of C1 should be much larger than the value of C2. Typically, the ratio of C2 :C1 should be in the range 5 to 10,000, and preferably in the range 100 to 10,000. This can be achieved by making layer 11 as thin as possible, and by forming the layer from a material which has a high dielectric constant.
Also, the time constant τ of the circuit formed by FET 31 in its off condition and by the first capacitors 10 should be large relative to the sum of the integration period ti and the read-out period tr whereby to reduce the possibility of signal loss caused by the first capacitors 10 discharging through FET 31.
The time constant τ is given by the expression
τ=Ro C1 (4)
where Ro is the resistance of FET 31 when it is off.
Accordingly, the optimum conditions prevail when the values of Ro and C1 are both large. It is also advantageous to reduce the read-out period tr of the detector.
As will now be explained, the switching condition of each FET 31 is so controlled as to determine the order in which the voltages V1 are read out from the first capacitors 10 in array A.
As shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c, the source of each FET 31 is connected to the associated discrete electrode 13, whereas the drain is connected to a respective data line D via the optional amplifier circuit 32.
FIG. 3 illustrates diagramatically how the read-out circuitry is arranged when, as described with reference to FIG. 2(a), the amplifier circuits 32 are omitted.
In this case, FETs 31 connected to electrodes 13 in the same row (ROW 1, say) have their gates connected to the same control line (C 1), and similarly, FETs connected to electrodes 13 in the same column (COL 1, say) have their drains connected to a common data line (D 1) which, in turn, is connected to a common processing circuit (PRO 1). With this arrangement, voltages V1 developed across the capacitors 10 in a selected row (ROW 1, say) can be read out by setting the control line (C 1) for that row HIGH and setting the other control lines (C 2, C 3 . . .) LOW. In this condition, the FETs in the selected row will all be closed, whereas all the other FETs, associated with the other, non-selected rows will be open. Therefore, the signals on the respective data lines D for the selected row will represent the voltages V1 developed across the respective capacitors 10 in that row and can be read out by external processing circuits PRO 1, PRO 2 . . . either sequentially, column-by-column, or simultaneously, in multiplex fashion.
This procedure is then repeated for the other rows in the array until the voltages V1 across all the capacitors 10 have been read out.
The external processing circuits PRO 1, PRO 2 . . . may be either current sensitive or voltage sensitive.
When amplifier circuits 32 are included, the read-out circuitry will be arranged differently. In this case, a global gate control signal GATE is applied simultaneously to all the FETs 31 in the array, whereas the reset switch 33 and the output multiplexer switch 34 associated with each amplifier 32 in the same row are controlled via a common multiplexer control line C. Output signals on the respective data lines D for a selected row are then read out column-by-column or in multiplex fashion, as before.
FIGS. 4(a) to 4(d) illustrate diagrammatically, by way of example, how the radiation detector is sequenced in order to accumulate charge in response to incident radiation and to read out the charge stored on the capacitors 10. There are four stages in each sequence, as follows:
Stage 1 (FIG. 4a)
The radiation beam is turned on and the FETs 31 are all opened such that each discrete electrode 13 is in effect floating from ground potential.
The incident radiation ionises the ionisation medium 22 of the radiation converter 21 causing, for example, positive ions (+) to accumulate on the discrete electrodes 13.
Stage 2 (FIG. 4b)
Momentarily before reading the charge stored on the electrodes 13, the reset switch 33 is opened.
Stage 3 (FIG. 4c)
The transistor 31 is then closed, thus allowing charge stored on the electrode to reach the external processing circuits, PRO1, PRO2 . . . The signal at the output of the processing circuit is proportional to the radiation intensity during the integration period.
Stage 4 (FIG. 4d)
By closing switch 33 the electrode 13 is connected to ground potential, thus resetting the pixel ready for the next integration period (stage 1).
Every pixel on the array is capable of storing charge at all points in the readout cycle, except in stage 4. Therefore, the detector may be used to accumulate a single image in which the radiation beam is turned on and off again within stage 1 only, or it may be operated in a continuous (cine) mode by continuously cycling the detector through the four stages in sequence with the beam being turned on continuously.
The dielectric layer 11 and at least some of the read-out circuitry 30 associated with the array A of first capacitor 10 may advantageously be fabricated from a common substrate of semiconductor material, such as hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) or polysilicon (p-Si). The discrete charge-collection electrodes 13 which, in effect, define the size and pitch of the pixels in the detector may be formed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate by evaporation, or any other suitable deposition technique, and, in one implementation, associated circuit components (e.g. FET 31) may be buried in the substrate material immediately below the respective electrode 13. The control lines C and GATE and data lines D which interconnect the circuit components extend out to adjacent edges of the substrate for connection to the associated processing circuitry. This configuration in which the circuit components are located beneath each pixel-defining electrode 13, has the advantage that the spacing between electrodes can be reduced significantly, with the result that the detector will be sensitive to radiation incident over more than 90% of the exposed detector area even though the pixels themselves may be relatively small, typically less than 100 μm across.
It is known that the resistance R of an a-Si:H FET is given by the expression
1/R=(W/L) μFE (VG -VT) CG (5)
where W and L are the width and the length respectively of the FET,
μFE is the carrier mobility,
VT is the threshold voltage,
VG is the gate voltage, where VG VT, and
CG is the gate capacitance.
When the FET is `closed` (i.e. the low resistance, `read-out` state), the above parameters might typically have values as follows:
μFE =0.5 cm-2 V-1 sec-1
CG =10-8 Fcm-2.
Applying these values to equation 5 above, the FET resistance Ron during read-out would be approximately 5MΩ.
In the case of a detector having a relatively small pixel size, 100 μm square, say and a dielectric layer 11 one micrometer thick, the capacitance C1 of each capacitor 10 would be 500 fF. Accordingly, the read-out time constant τR (=Ron �C1) for a pixel in the array would be about 2.5 μsec so that in the case of an array consisting of 2000 rows, the read-out period for the entire array would be about 25 msec, corresponding to a peak frame rate of 40 frames sec-1, this allowing a period of 5 τR to read-out data from all the pixels in a row. Higher frame rates than this could, of course, be achieved by increasing the ratio W/L of the FET, and/or by increasing the gate voltage VG.
A problem associated with electrical circuitry fabricated in semiconductor materials, such as a-Si:H is its susceptibility to electrical breakdown due to exposure to high electrical voltages.
However, the radiation detector described with reference to FIG. 1 has a number of beneficial features that are designed to protect the read-out circuitry from damage which it might otherwise suffer both during the integration stage, while electrical charge is accumulating on the discrete electrodes 13, and also during the read-out stage.
The semiconductor material in layer 11 has a high dielectric constant and so, because of the ratio of capacitances, protects the read-out circuitry 30 from electrical discharge that could occur in the radiation converter 21. In addition, optional back-to-back diodes (D1,D2) may be connected across each FET 31 to provide additional protection, preventing a build-up of large electrical signals in the event of detector flashover. The high resistivity of layer 11 also ensures low leakage current and so low shot noise at each pixel.
Furthermore, the voltage (VEHT -V1) developed across the capacitor 20 will generally be much larger than the voltage V1 developed across the capacitor 10 and this ensures that the voltage across the radiation converter 21 is maintained substantially constant, resulting in good signal linearity over a wide range of integrated input signal.
The radiation detector described with reference to FIG. 1 incorporates a radiation converter 21 in the form of an ionisation medium, and is suitable for the detection of X-radiation with high resolution. Good spatial resolution is obtained due to the high electric field Eo within the ionisation medium caused by the applied voltage VEHT. This field tends to confine charged particle motion to movement in a direction perpendicular to the plane of electrodes 13 and 22. Since positive ions typically have lower mobility than electrons in ionisation media, spatial resolution will usually be maximised when positive ions are caused to drift to electrode 13.
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention in which the dual capacitive structure is fabricated from hydrogenerated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), although polysilicon (p-Si) could alternatively be used. As in the case of the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, the dual capacitive structure comprises a two-dimensional array of first capacitors 10, each having a discrete charge-collection electrode 101 at which charge can accumulate, and a common, second capacitor 20 overlying, and connected in series with, the first capacitors 10.
FIG. 5 is a simplified plan view showing a group of four charge-collection electrodes 101 which form part of a larger two-dimensional array- Each electrode 101 forms part of a respective capacitor 10, and FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view through the radiation detector, taken on line A--A in FIG. 5, through only one of the capacitors 10.
Referring to FIG. 6, each capacitor 10 comprises a layer 102 of a-Si:H:N bearing a charge-collection electrode 101 on one surface S1, thereof, and a corresponding pixel electrode 103 at the opposite surface S2, directly below electrode 101. The pixel electrode is connected to ground potential.
Electrode 101 is connected to a data line D via a respective switching circuit comprising a field effect transistor 31 formed in layer 102 alongside the associated capacitor 10.
Each transistor 31 comprises a layer 131 of a-Si:H formed on surface S1 of layer 102 and regions 132,133 of n+ -type material (a-Si:H:n+) deposited on layer 131. Each such region 132,133 has a respective electrical contact; a contact 134 (the source electrode) connected to electrode 101 and a contact 135 (the drain electrode) connected to the respective data line D. The transistor 31 also has a gate electrode 136 formed at surface S2 of layer 102, this being connected to the respective control line C.
The second capacitor 20 of the dual capacitive structure comprises a layer 201 of intrinsic a-Si:H which overlies the discrete electrodes 101 and their associated field effect transistors 31, and a layer 202 of n+ -doped material (a-Si:H:n+) which is connected to a source of HT voltage and forms the top plate of the second capacitor 20.
A layer (not shown) of insulating material would also be provided to isolate the transistor and the data line from the layer 201.
In this embodiment, the radiation detector also comprises a layer 300 of a scintillator, caesium iodide (CsI) having a columnar structure. Layer 300 does not form part of the dual capacitive structure 10,20, but converts radiation that is to be detected (e.g. x-radiation or γ-radiation) to optical radiation, the intensity of optical radiation produced being dependent on the intensity of radiation to which layer 300 is exposed.
Optical radiation produced in this way, passes through layer 300 and into layer 201 of the second capacitor 20. Any spreading of the optical radiation in layer 300 is limited by the columnar, crystalline structure of the caesium iodide so that the spatial distribution of optical photons passing into layer 201 substantially matches the spatial distribution of the intensity of radiation to which layer 300 is exposed.
Individual photons entering layer 201 create electron-hole pairs in the semiconductor material of the layer. In this embodiment, holes will drift towards layer 202 formed of n+ -type material whereas electrons will drift towards a respective charge-collection electrode 101. In effect, the second capacitor 20 functions as a semiconductor drift chamber.
There is also provided on surface S1 a thin, narrow layer 203 of heavily-doped n+ -type material (a-Si:H:n+) which substantially surrounds each charge-collection 101 and its associated field effect transistor 31. Also, a layer 204 of heavily-doped p+ -type material (a-Si:H:p+) is deposited on each electrode 101. The spatial distribution of layers 203,204 is such as to create potential minima Pm within the second capacitor 20, as shown in idealised form in FIG. 7, so that charge (in this embodiment electrons) produced within layer 201 is constrained to move within a potential well and is thereby focussed onto the respective charge-collection electrode.
It will, of course, be appreciated that the polarities of layers 202,203 and 204 could be reversed in which case holes will drift towards the charge collection electrodes 101 and electrons will drift towards layer 202.
The structure described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 has significant attributes.
Each switching circuit (FET 31) is positioned alongside, and in substantially the same plane as, the associated capacitor 10. Accordingly, layer 102 can be made relatively thin, typically about 300 nm, and so each capacitor 10 will have a much larger capacitance than that of capacitor 20, giving high dynamic range and linearity. With this configuration, the area of each charge-collection electrode 101 must be reduced in size in order to accommodate the associated FET. Nevertheless, by means of electronic focussing, as described, the detector can still attain a high charge-collection efficiency (the detector can be made sensitive to radiation incident on approximately 100% of the exposed detector area), and also provides excellent cross-talk rejection between neighbouring pixels.
The charge which accumulates on electrodes 101 in each row can be read out as before by controlling the data and control lines D,C. As described with reference to FIG. 3, the pixels in each row can be read sequentially, column by column or simultaneously in mulitplex fashion.
The structure described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 can be fabricated using well known amorphous silicon processing techniques.
Typically, an aluminium film is deposited on a flat substrate, made from glass for example, and is etched to form the gate electrodes 136, the associated control lines C and the pixel electrodes 103.
A layer of amorphous silicon nitride (a-Si:H:N), typically 300 nm thick, is then deposited on the etched film, followed by a thin layer of intrinsic a-Si:H and then a thin layer of n+ -type material (a-Si:H:n+). The layers of a-Si:H and n+ -type material are then etched away photolithographically to form layers 131 and the source and drain regions 132,133 of the transistors 31. A second aluminum film is deposited over the etched semiconductor material and this is then etched away to form the charge-collection electrodes 101, the source and drain electrodes 134,135 and the data lines D. A plasma etch process is then used to remove extraneous n+ -type material in the channel of the transistor 31.
Further layers of n+ -type and p+ -type material are deposited and etched photolithographically to form layers 203,204 used for electronic focussing. The detector is then completed by depositing an approximately 2 μm thick layer of intrinsic a-Si:H (layer 201) followed by a thin layer of n+ -type material (layer 202) on which a contact electrode is deposited by electrodeposition, and finally a 300 μm thick layer of columnar caesium iodide is deposited by chemical deposition and/or silk screen printing (layer 300).
It will be appreciated that the structure described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 is highly adaptable in that the same semiconductor substrate incorporating an array of capacitors 10, and their associated field effect transistors, control and data lines can be used in conjunction with a wide range of different radiation converters.
In an alternative embodiment, layers 201, 202 and 300 in FIG. 6 could be replaced by a single layer of a radiation conversion material which converts radiation that is to be detected directly into electron-hole pairs. An example of an especially useful material for this purpose is cadmium telluride (CdTe) which can be used to detect X-radiation, γ-radiation, α- or β-particles.
Cadmium Telluride is deposited by electrodeposition and if an abundance of 113 Cd isotope is provided the resulting layer will be rendered sensitive to neutrons.
In a yet further embodiment, layers 201, 202 and 300 could be replaced by a liquid or gas or solid ionisation chamber similar to that described with reference to FIG. 1.
As will be appreciated from the described embodiments, the radiation detector provides a large-area, high resolution image well suited to medical imaging (e.g. X-radiation imaging). However, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to this application, and by suitable choice of radiation converter detectors according to the invention find a wide range of different imaging applications.
In another application of the invention, the radiation detector is used for 1 H3 autoradiography.
In this case, the radiation converter 20 comprises a thin photocathode evaporated onto the top surface of a microchannel plate. After labelling and electrophoresis, a gel under investigation is impregnated in a scintillation liquid before being placed on the photocathode of the radiation converter. β- particles emitted by the 1 H3 label cause the scintillation liquid to emit photons in the form of visible light which, in turn, liberate electrons from the photocathode. The photoelectrons enter the microchannel plate and are accelerated towards the array of charge-collection electrodes (13,101) where the negative charge accumulates. The electrodes (13,101) could be supported on a semiconductor substrate as described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7. The gain of the microchannel plate assists in enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector output signal.
As in the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, the capacitance C2 of the radiation converter is much less than that of capacitance C1, and so the latter is effective to protect the read-out circuitry 30 from high electrical voltage associated with the operation of the converter.
In another application of the invention, the radiation detector is used to image neutrons. 64 Gd158 is a stable nuclide with a natural abundance of -25% and a cross-section to thermal neutrons of 2.6�105 barns. It undergoes a (n, γ) reaction to produce 64 Gd157 (also a stable nuclide), with an energy of -7.9 MeV.
The reaction also produces low energy ≦41 keV Auger electrons. It is these Auger electrons which are used to form the neutron image using a radiation converter similar to that used for detecting the 1 H3 label described hereinbefore. However, in this instance, a thin scintillation layer would be applied directly to the photocathode instead of using a scintillation liquid. A layer of 64 Gd158 would overlie and protect the scintillation layer and photocathode.
A neutron detector of this kind could be used in combination with a low energy (≦500 keV) X-ray detector. Typically, the X-ray detector would have a radiation converter comprising an ionisation medium adapted for high resolution, similar to that described with reference to FIG. 1. It would be necessary to ensure that sensitivity to high energy (≦1 MeV) X-rays is low in order to reduce contamination from the Gd neutron converter. However, since the two converters are so closely linked it would be possible to generate "neutron contamination correction factors" to compensate for this effect.
In a yet further application of the invention, the radiation detector may be used for 16 S35 auto-radiography. 16 S35 emits β- particles with an energy of 168 keV capable of penetrating a thin sheet of metal, such as beryllium.
In this case, the radiation converter 21 may comprise a liquid ionisation chamber, filled with suitable ionisation liquid such as iso-octane and having a window made from a thin sheet of beryllium. By sealing the chamber it would be possible to apply some pressure to the beryllium window for cleaning without deforming the chamber too greatly. Preferably, however, a thin film of TEFLON polytetrafluoroethylene film (E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, Del.) or other tough plastics sheet would be stretched over the window to reduce operator damage, with little effect on detector sensitivity.
In order to increase the gain of the radiation converter, a wire multi-step avalanche stage or other high gain facility could be installed in the ionisation space of the ionisation chamber.
With a view to facilitating cleaning of the radiation converter, a solid ionisation medium such as a thick layer of a-Si:H or other amorphous semiconductor material could be used. Alternatively, an optically sensitive radiation converter as described hereinbefore for 1 H3 auto-radiography could be used.
As the above-described embodiments show, a radiation detector in accordance with the invention can be used to detect a range of different kinds of radiation including electromagnetic radiation (e.g. X-radiation, γ-radiation, optical radiation), charged particles (e.g. α-particles, β- particles), neutrons and also pressure waves and magnetic field.
In a further application of the invention, for imaging low energy α, β, X- and γ-radiation, the converter 23 could comprise a semiconducting polymer film using materials such as polypyrrole or polyaniline. In this case, the radiation could interact with the polymer which would allow signal transport to the charge collection electrodes. High atomic number elements could be added to the polymer substrate to improve the interaction probability of high energy X- and γ-rays. A further alternative would be to substitute polymer materials whose conductivity varies as a function of chemical concentration, thus forming a pixellated "electronic nose".
Accordingly, the radiation converter may take a variety of different forms depending upon the application to which the radiation detector is being put, including converters incorporating:
(a) group IV semiconductors (e.g. silicon and germanium in crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous form). These materials are useful for detecting α, β, γ, X-ray or optical radiation.
(b) compound semiconductors including GaAs, CdTe, HgI2, TlBr in crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous form. These materials are useful for detecting α, β, γ, X-ray or optical radiation.
(c) semiconducting polymers.
(d) amorphous selenium. This material is useful for detecting α, β, γ and X-ray.
(e) gas ion chambers (e.g. Ar, Xe, Kr gases either pure or mixed with suitable quench agents at room or high pressure). Such converters could be used to detect α, β, γ or X-radiation.
(f) gas proportional chambers (e.g. Ar, Xe, Kr gases with suitable quench agents). Such converters could be used to detect α, β, γ or X-ray.
(g) liquid ion chambers (e.g. pure alcohols). Such converters could be used to detect α, β, γ or X-ray.
(h) scintillators combined with photocathodes having an electron accelerating gap forming the dielectric of capacitor 20. A converter of this kind could be used to detect α, β, γ or X-radiation.
(i) scintillators irradiating semiconductor layers, where the semiconductor layer forms the capacitance C2.
Converters such as this could be used to detect α, β, γ or X-radiation.
(j) Metal foils with high neutron interaction cross-section in contact with a device of type (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i). Such converters could be used to detect neutrons.
(k) Piezo-electric material. This material is sensitive to pressure waves. The interacting wave causes a voltage change across the piezo-electric material which forms the conversion medium 20. This change in voltage causes a current to flow in C1 thereby generating the imaging signal.
(l) Semiconductor material operated as a Hall effect device. Such devices are sensitive to magnetic field. The generation of a Hall effect voltage across the semiconductor used as the conversion medium 20 causes a current to flow in C1 thereby generating the imaging signal. These alternative forms of radiation converter are represented diagrammatically by the component referenced RC in FIG. 8.
In almost every case, the radiation converter generates charged particles in response to incident radiation causing charge to accumulate on the charge-collection electrodes of capacitors 10, the resulting voltages V1 developed across capacitors 10 being read-out using read-out circuitry.
A particular advantage of the described radiation detectors is that while the radiation converter may have a variety of different forms, as described herein, the structure defining the capacitors 10 and the readout circuitry 30 with which the converter is used requires no significant modification. Accordingly, experimentation using different kinds of radiation converter is relatively straightforward.
The radiation detectors which have been described have the same general structure, namely an array of discrete electrodes each defining a respective pixel in the image that is to be formed and comprising part of a respective first capacitor, a second capacitor incorporating a radiation converter and read-out circuitry for reading out a signal representative of charge that accumulates on the discrete electrodes of the first capacitors in response to radiation detected by the radiation converter.
As already explained, a dual capacitive structure such as this is advantageous in that the capacitance of the first capacitor protects the readout circuitry from exposure to relatively high electrical voltages used in the operation of the radiation converter. Also, when applied to medical imaging, the radiation detector provides the combination of high spatial resolution (due to the quasi one-dimensional path of charge carriers generated in the radiation converter), and high quantum efficiency (due to the relatively large detector thickness possible compared to the scintillation phosphors used with X-ray film and other pixellated detectors).
Also, with an appropriate choice of radiation converter, the described radiation detectors provide a high frame rate imaging capability with little or no image lag. This cannot currently be achieved using known amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) detectors due to the number of trapping states in the a-Si:H itself. A radiation detector according to the invention may be incorporated in an imaging system, such as a medical X-radiation imaging system, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9.
The invention is applicable to large-area, two-dimensional, pixellated radiation detectors particularly, though not exclusively, for medical imaging e.g. medical X-radiation imaging.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 21, 1987
|Mar 7, 1989
|Panel for X-ray photography and method of manufacture
|Apr 25, 1985
|Dec 5, 1989
|Josef Kemmer
|Semiconductor element
|Mar 3, 1987
|May 15, 1990
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Radiation detecting device
|Feb 22, 1989
|Jul 31, 1990
|Photosensitive device and image detector including such a device, especially two-energy image detector
|Dec 6, 1989
|May 21, 1991
|Xerox Corporation
|Solid state radiation sensor array panel
|Apr 10, 1989
|Jun 11, 1991
|Xerox Corporation
|Precharging of the X-ray photoreceptor to eliminate the fatigue artifact
|Jan 8, 1990
|Aug 27, 1991
|General Imagining Corporation
|X-ray imaging system and solid state detector therefor
|Apr 8, 1991
|Jan 7, 1992
|The Regents Of The University Of Michigan
|Multi-element-amorphous-silicon-detector-array for real-time imaging and dosimetry of megavoltage photons and diagnostic X rays
|Jan 23, 1991
|Jul 21, 1992
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Sensor matrix
|Nov 30, 1990
|Oct 6, 1992
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Circuit arrangement for reading out sensors sensitive to light or x-rays
|Apr 21, 1989
|Nov 17, 1992
|The Regents Of The University Of Calif.
|Amorphous silicon radiation detectors
|Jun 28, 1991
|Nov 24, 1992
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company
|Element, device and associated method for capturing a latent radiographic image
|Jun 28, 1991
|Dec 1, 1992
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Method and apparatus for acquiring an electrical signal representing a radiographic image
|Aug 8, 1990
|Jan 26, 1993
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Solid state electromagnetic radiation detector fet array
|Jan 23, 1992
|Mar 30, 1993
|General Electric Company
|Radiation image detector with optical gain selenium photosensors
|Aug 27, 1991
|Jun 15, 1993
|General Imaging Corporation
|X-ray imaging system and solid state detector therefor
|Feb 20, 1992
|Oct 19, 1993
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Process for producing a large area solid state radiation detector
|Jun 1, 1992
|Apr 5, 1994
|Xerox Corporation
|Selenium alloy x-ray imaging member on transparent substrate
|Apr 7, 1993
|May 17, 1994
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Electronic method and apparatus for acquiring an X-ray image
|Dec 16, 1992
|Jun 7, 1994
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Method and apparatus for acquiring an X-ray image using a solid state device
|Apr 30, 1993
|Jul 19, 1994
|Eg&G Reticon Corporation
|Diode addressing structure for addressing an array of transducers
|Apr 7, 1993
|Jul 19, 1994
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Method and apparatus for acquiring an X-ray image using a thin film transistor array
|Dec 29, 1993
|Jan 10, 1995
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Large area X-ray imager and method of fabrication
|Apr 25, 1985
|Nov 7, 1985
|Josef Kemmer
|Large-surface low-capacity semi-conductor radiation detector
|Antonuk et al., "Development of Thin-Film, Flat-Panel Arrays for Diagnostic and Radiotherapy Imaging," Conference Proceedings of SPIE Medical Imaging VI, Newport Beach, CA (Feb., 1992).
|Antonuk et al., "Large Area, Flat-Panel a-Si:H Arrays for X-Ray Imaging," Physics of Medical Imaging, 1896, 18-29 (Feb., 1993).
|Antonuk et al., Development of Thin Film, Flat Panel Arrays for Diagnostic and Radiotherapy Imaging, Conference Proceedings of SPIE Medical Imaging VI, Newport Beach, CA (Feb., 1992).
|Antonuk et al., Large Area, Flat Panel a Si:H Arrays for X Ray Imaging, Physics of Medical Imaging, 1896, 18 29 (Feb., 1993).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 9, 1997
|Jan 19, 1999
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
|Charge collector structure for detecting radiation induced charge during integrated circuit processing
|Dec 17, 1997
|Dec 14, 1999
|The State Of Israel, Atomic Energy Commission Soreq Nuclear Research Center
|Technique for obtaining sub-pixel spatial resolution and corrected energy determination from room temperature solid state gamma and X-ray detectors with segmented readout
|Mar 30, 1998
|Feb 1, 2000
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|X-ray apparatus with sensor matrix
|Sep 22, 1998
|Dec 19, 2000
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Radiation detector, radiation detecting method and X-ray diagnosing apparatus with same radiation detector
|Aug 24, 1998
|May 1, 2001
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Image detection device
|Nov 19, 1999
|Dec 25, 2001
|Xcounter Ab
|X-ray detector unit with solid converter
|Jun 29, 1999
|Mar 5, 2002
|Ftni Inc.
|Direct conversion digital x-ray detector with inherent high voltage protection for static and dynamic imaging
|Sep 27, 2000
|Jan 28, 2003
|Shimadzu Corporation
|Radiation detector and radiation image taking device
|Dec 6, 1999
|Mar 4, 2003
|Shimadzu Corporation
|Radiation detecting apparatus
|Sep 8, 2000
|May 6, 2003
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Manufacturing method for two-dimensional image detectors and two-dimensional image detectors
|Dec 30, 1999
|May 27, 2003
|John C. Engdahl
|Radiation assisted electron emission device
|Dec 27, 2002
|Oct 28, 2003
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Manufacturing method for two-dimensional image detectors and two-dimensional image detectors
|Dec 27, 2002
|Nov 18, 2003
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Manufacturing method for two-dimensional image detectors and two-dimensional image detectors
|Jun 17, 1999
|Jan 3, 2006
|Ftni Inc.
|Indirect x-ray image detector for radiology
|Nov 12, 2004
|Feb 20, 2007
|Xcounter Ab
|Radiation detector
|Oct 24, 2003
|Nov 27, 2007
|Shimadzu Corporation
|Radiation detector and radiation imaging apparatus and method for producing radiation detector
|May 29, 2004
|Dec 16, 2008
|Gesellschaft f�r Schwerionenforschung mbH
|Dosimeter for the detection of high-energy neutron radiation
|Feb 23, 2010
|The University Of Toledo
|Hybrid window layer for photovoltaic cells
|Oct 4, 2005
|Apr 6, 2010
|Ftni Inc.
|Indirect x-ray image detector for radiology
|May 23, 2005
|Jul 6, 2010
|The University Of Toledo
|Integrated photoelectrochemical cell and system having a liquid electrolyte
|Dec 17, 2008
|Nov 2, 2010
|Commissariat � l'Energie Atomique
|Device for detecting electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation having an isotropic transfer layer
|Feb 1, 2011
|The University Of Toledo
|Hybrid window layer for photovoltaic cells
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|Material Innovations, Inc.
|Neutron detector
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|Material Innovations, Inc.
|Neutron detector
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|Oct 4, 2011
|The University Of Toledo
|Hybrid window layer for photovoltaic cells
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|Fujifilm Corporation
|Sensor panel and image detecting device
|Feb 5, 2013
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Radiation detection apparatus and radiographic imaging system
|Dec 9, 2014
|Oct 13, 2015
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|X-ray detector
|Jan 30, 2002
|Sep 5, 2002
|National Inst. Of Advanced Ind, Science And Tech.
|Polygon-type semiconductor detector for use in high-speed X-ray CT, and manufacturing method therefor
|Jun 4, 2001
|Feb 26, 2004
|William Eccleston
|Ionising radiation detector comprising polymer semiconductor material
|Oct 24, 2003
|May 20, 2004
|Satoshi Tokuda
|Radiation detector and radiation imaging apparatus and method for producing radiation detector
|Oct 29, 2003
|May 5, 2005
|Xunming Deng
|Hybrid window layer for photovoltaic cells
|May 23, 2005
|Sep 29, 2005
|The University Of Toledo
|Integrated photoelectrochemical cell and system having a liquid electrolyte
|Oct 4, 2005
|Feb 9, 2006
|Rougeot Henri M
|Indirect x-ray image detector for radiology
|Nov 12, 2004
|Apr 6, 2006
|Vladimir Peskov
|Radiation detector
|May 29, 2004
|Jun 29, 2006
|Gesellschaft Tur Schwerionentorschung Mbh
|Dosimeter for the detection of highly energy neutron radiation
|Dec 21, 2006
|Jun 28, 2007
|Koji Bessho
|Image sensor, controlling method of the same, x-ray detector and x-ray ct apparatus
|Sep 7, 2007
|Jan 3, 2008
|University Of Toledo
|Hybrid window layer for photovoltaic cells
|Oct 11, 2007
|Mar 27, 2008
|University Of Toledo
|Integrated photovoltaic-electrolysis cell
|Sep 7, 2007
|Jul 10, 2008
|University Of Toledo
|Hybrid window layer for photovoltaic cells
|Jun 19, 2007
|Dec 25, 2008
|Stephan Andrew C
|Neutron detector
|Sep 22, 2008
|Apr 2, 2009
|Fujifilm Corporation
|Sensor panel and image detecting device
|Dec 17, 2008
|Jul 2, 2009
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique
|Device for detecting electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation having an isotropic transfer layer
|Jan 7, 2010
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Radiation detection apparatus and radiographic imaging system
|Jan 28, 2010
|Stephan Andrew C
|Neutron detector
|Sep 30, 2009
|Jun 24, 2010
|Stephan Andrew C
|Neutron detector
|Nov 1, 2010
|Nov 22, 2012
|Jonathan Stephen Lapington
|Charge read-out structure for a photon / particle detector
|Dec 9, 2014
|Jun 25, 2015
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|X-ray detector
|Jun 4, 2001
|Dec 13, 2001
|The University Of Liverpool
|Ionising radiation detector comprising polymer semiconductor material
|Sep 23, 2005
|Apr 13, 2006
|Xcounter Ab
|A radiation detector for ionizing radiation with electron detecting and scintillating detecting means
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 30, 1995
Owner name: SURREY, THE UNIVERSITY OF, ENGLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MORTON, EDWARD J.;REEL/FRAME:007981/0418
Effective date: 19951023
|Jun 26, 2001
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 3, 2001
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 5, 2002
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20011202


text:
Thank you for your interest in a position at Mount Sunapee Resort. Please review the available positions, if any, listed on this page.
For all positions - Must be available full-time or part-time. Many positions may require holiday & weekend work schedules. Strong guest service and communication skills required.
We are now accepting applications for the League of NH Craftsmen's Fair, August 6-14.
All applicants should be prepared to present 2 forms of legal work ID if hired.
Apply Now! Complete an online application or stop by our Administration Office in the Spruce Lodge for an application Mon–Fri, 9am-4pm. (EOE)
We have an immediate opening for a small engine mechanic to perform daily maintenance on a variety of equipment. If you are handy at repairing lawn mowers, snow blowers, snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles we want you! There will also be an opportunity to learn how to maintain and repair trucks, busses, grooming vehicles and more.
Qualified applicants must have a high school diploma or equivalent, their own tools and tool box, strong mechanical skills, ability to work in a fast-paced environment and perform effectively in all types of weather. Applicants must have a valid driver's license and be able to lift 75lbs. Prior mechanical experience with diesel and gas vehicles is a plus.
This is a full-time year-round position with benefits including 401k, Medical, Dental, Disability, and Vision Insurance, Vacation/Sick Time/Personal Time, Flex Plan, Skiing and Adventure Park privileges, and more!
Only one (1) application per person per season is needed. If you require updates to your application, please email your changes to email@example.com
All applicable fields must be completed when submitting the application. When submitting a resume in addition to the application, it is necessary to also complete the employment portion. Please do not say "refer to resume" in this section. Thank you.
Please note, due to federal and state employment regulations, applicants must be 14 years of age or older.
If you would like to be a part of our team, please fill out an Online Application for Employment or stop by the Administration Office Mon – Fri, 9am to 4pm (EOE). Applicants should be prepared to present 2 forms of legal work ID, if hired. Youth Workers must have proper work certification and permission.
Visit Okemo's website for more job opportunities.


text:
Current Event:
Certification Workshop for the E-D-Profile
Berlin, 28.06. - 01.07.2016:
Decoding Stages of Personality Development
One certification each year
Certification-Workshops for the Ego-Development-Profile
In 2016 we offer our next certification seminar for consultants, coaches and HR-Professionals who want to use the E-D-Profile™ in their own work. This four day seminar will be held in German (help can be given by the lecturer, who can easily translate difficult aspects in English for non native speakers who wish to attend). You will learn how developmental stages show up in life and how you can use this for coaching, leadership development as well as management diagnostics.
Flyer "Decoding stages of personality development."
Berlin, 28.06. – 01.07.2016 for download (PDF)
This certification workshop we will be held in an old mansion, 40 minutes away from Brandenburg Gate: the Wannsee-Forum ist located at the Lake Pohle. Bright halls, a shady terrace and a huge garden with lake access will offer us a relaxed atmosphere for an intense journey into the development of the self. Our workshop is designed for:
- Coaches
- HR Professionals
- Organisational Development consultants
The Ego-Development-Profile will give you and your clients an additional benefit supplementing traditional personality instruments like the MBTI or DISG. It gives you a precise assessment about the current stage of personality development, stage specific irritabilities and constraints and can offer valuable clues for further growth.
We are interested in experienced consultants, HR representatives, coaches and managers who will use the Ego-Development-Profile in a responsible manner. Because working with this topic places some demands for us as consultants. If you are interested in applying this developmental approach in your work we look forward to hearing from you.


text:
RavensView in iTunes
To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music.
Just prior to changing their name to the Kinks, the Kinks were known as the Ravens, a group which got as far as recording some demos in late 1963. During 1963, the band, which included Ray Davies, Dave Davies, and Pete Quaife, went through various names, including the Ray Davies Quartet, the Pete Quaife Band, and the Bo Weevils before becoming the Ravens. They also went through drummers Mickey Willett and John Stewart before finding Mick Avory through an ad in Melody Maker. The Ravens merit an entry of their own in a discographical database because some of their tracks have surfaced on disc. In late 1963, according to Jon Savage's The Kinks: The Official Biography, they recorded five demo songs: Slim Harpo's "Got Love If You Want It," the Coasters' "I'm a Hog for You, Baby," the Ray Davies original "It's All Right," and the Dave Davies originals "One Fine Day" and "I Believed You." Only "It's All Right" and "Got Love If You Want It" would be officially re-recorded by the Kinks (for the B-side of "You Really Got Me" and their first LP respectively). The Kinks did not release "One Fine Day," but it was covered by obscure singer Shel Naylor. Three tracks credited to the Ravens showed up on the obscure 1997 various-artists CD English Freakbeat, Vol. 3. The liner notes, without any convincing supporting evidence, say that "Ray, apparently, wasn't even in the group when they cut these demos." That's odd, considering that it sounds a heck of a lot like Ray singing lead vocals, and because the acoustic folk ballad "This I Know" (not previously documented as having been demoed by the Ravens) sounds a great deal like the folky Kinks tunes he wrote in the mid-'60s. As the competent cover of "I'm a Hog for You, Baby" and the Merseybeat-ish "I Believed You" were previously written about as having been recorded in late 1963, the versions here are presumably from that Ravens demo. ~ Richie Unterberger
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text:
20.2 cu. ft. All-Freezer with 4 Adjustable Wire Shelves, 6 Fixed Door Racks, Mechanical Dial Control, Automatic Defrost, Keyed Door Lock and Energy Star Qualified
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32 Inch All-Freezer with 18.6 cu. ft. Capacity, Adjustable Glass Shelves, 7 Door Bins, 2 Storage Baskets, Digital Control Panel, Smudge Proof Stainless Steel, Sabbath Mode, Frost Free Operation and Ice Maker
32 Inch Built-in All Freezer with 18.6 cu. ft. Capacity, 2 Glass Shelves, 4 Adjustable Door Bins, LED Lighting, IQ-Touch Electronic Controls and Automatic Ice Maker
34 Inch Upright Freezer with 20.5 cu. ft. of Capacity, Adjustable Glass Shelves, SpaceWise Organization System, Automatic Defrost, Power-On Indicator Light, Door Lock, Star-K Certified Energy and Star Rated
18 Inch Built-in Fully Flush Freezer Column with 8.5 cu. ft. Capacity, Metal Freezer Shelves, Internal Ice Maker, LED Sidewall Theater Lighting, Full Extension Drawers and Accepts Custom Panels
17.7 cu. ft. All-Freezer with 4 Adjustable Wire Shelves, 6 Door Bins, Interior Light, Free-O-Frost System, Built-in Rollers, Deepfreeze Technology and Fast Freeze
24 Inch Outdoor Undercounter Freezer with 3 Adjustable Chrome Shelves, Automatic Defrost, Exterior Digital Thermostat, LED Lighting and Reversible Door Hinge
16.6 cu. ft. All-Freezer with 3 Adjustable Wire Shelves, 5 Door Bins, Frost-Free Operation, ArcticLock Thick Insulated Walls and Energy Star Qualified
16.63 cu. ft. Upright Freezer with 4 Wire Shelves, 2 SpaceWise Adjustable Baskets, Color-Coordinated Clips, Pop-Out Lock Key and Power-On Indicator Light
Frigidaire Commercial 17.9 Cu. Ft. Upright Freezer with Adjustable Wire Shelves, Locking Caster Wheels, Interior Lighting, Manual Temperature Control and Automatic Defrost
20.53 cu. ft. Upright Freezer with 4 Wire Shelves, 2 SpaceWise Adjustable Baskets, Color-Coordinated Clips, Pop-Out Lock Key and Power-On Indicator Light
24 Inch Undercounter Freezer with Adjustable Chrome Shelves, Door/Temperature Alarms, Temperature Memory Function, Recessed LED Light and Commercially Approved
18 Inch Undercounter Freezer with 2.7 cu. ft. Capacity, 4 Wire Shelves, Frost-Free Defrost, Digital Thermostat, Door Lock and Reversible Door Swing
24 Inch Built-in Undercounter Freezer with 4.8 cu. ft. Capacity, 2 Full-Extension Freezer Shelves, Automatic Defrost, Digital Controls and Optional Stacking Kit
18 Inch Built-in Fully Flush Freezer Column with 8.4 cu. ft. Capacity, External Ice/Water Dispenser, LED Sidewall Theater Lighting, Full Extension Drawers and Accepts Custom Panels
13.8 cu. ft. Upright Freezer with 3 Wire Shelves, 1 Air Flow Trivet, 5 Door Bins, LED Lighting, Power-On Light and Mechanical Temperature Controls
15.7 cu. ft. All-Freezer with 3 Adjustable Wire Shelves, 5 Door Bins, Fast Freeze, Free-O-Frost System, Deepfreeze Technology and Low-Impact Freezing
18.0 cu. ft. All Freezer with 4 Adjustable Glass Shelves, Electronic Temperature Control, Fast Freeze, 4 Door Bins, Interior LED Lighting, Temperature Alarm and Frost-Free Defrost: Stainless Steel
30 Inch Integrated All-Freezer Column with 15 cu. ft. Capacity, Adjustable Wire Shelves, Door Shelves, Storage Drawers, Water Filtration System, Automatic Icemaker, LED Lighting, Star-K Certified and Energy Star Rated
Built-in All-Freezer with 18.6 cu. ft. of Capacity, 2 Cantilever Glass Shelves, 3 Full-Width Baskets, 4 Adjustable Door Bins, PureAdvantage Air Filter, Theater LED Lighting and Star-K Certified
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text:
There's something about tasting food in a new country that's a little like magic. Like the essence of that country transformed into the meal before you with the sole purpose of making you understand the place and its people.
There's something about tasting food in a new country that's a little like magic. Like the essence of that country transformed into the meal before you with the sole purpose of making you understand the place and its people.
Because you don't want to be the person putting people off because you unknowingly crossed your chopsticks.
Roundups and reviews aren't always your best bet for finding places to eat when you travel. More often than not, the locals have the scoop on places you won't find in print.
Eating might be one of my greatest loves—new food, home food, strange food (I recently ate a termite in Belize)—I'll take it all. Happily. But eating local food, to me, is the truest way to a country's soul. In China, what did it for me was the dumplings.
Not that you can really claim to know a city after spending 24 hours there, but sometimes that's all the time you've got to see it. And although it doesn't seem like much, you can really handle business in a day if you do it right. Here's how I spent one perfect day in Shanghai.
Travel is my cure-all elixir. The magic potion that restores almost everything to goodness. I love more than anything just to breathe the air of new places. And traveling solo usually best does the trick. Why? It's simple, really.
For someone from Trinidad, making pastelles is either a daunting task they hope someone else will undertake and send them some, or a yearly tradition where family gathers to press, wrap and eat the Christmastime treats.
I refuse to travel somewhere new and leave without understanding even an ounce of the culture, so I did my best to squeeze the real Ethiopia in when I went to the capital city of Addis Ababa for a textile trade show.
Whenever I flee New York City for a weekend, slowing down is the primary goal, finding good food a very close second. Turns out, Maine is great for both. Even if you don't live for lobster (the crustacean is so prevalent here, that even McDonalds serves up a seasonal McLobster sandwich), America's northeasternmost sea-loving state is never short on charm—and York is one town there that does charm best.
I'm not exactly sure what it is about travel products that make me the kind of excited that comes with Christmas, but I could test, try and talk about adventure paraphernalia all day long. But let's face it, everything can't make it on every trip or I'd be going completely against my endless advocacy for packing light. There are however, a handful of things that I always pack for a trip—my version of the essentials.


text:
•January 1, 1970
Celebrity, television, film and music photos
Celebrity, television, film and music photos
Brandon's Mom: "Of course I'm being sarcastic," Trump said in an interview with "Fox & Friends" on Thursday morning. "You have 33,000 emails deleted, and the real problem is what was said on the emails from the Democratic National Committee." If Mr. Trump believed that was the real problem then that's what he should have said. People are not mind readers, and while he holds everyone else to a high standard in their verbal communications he excuses himself from the same and is dismissive about his own inflammatory rhetoric. It has become extremely disconcerting that there are so many stupid people in this country that have actually bought in to Donald Trump.


text:
An.S.'s Profile
.dot By An.S. is the first collection of Belgian jewelry designer An Stevens.
An.S. has worked at different studios in Antwerp and Hasselt where she learned the craft of jewelry making.
Now she has the knowledge and confidence to make and sell her own collection.
The pieces of this bright, colorful collection are perfect for women who don't think jewelry has to be understated.
- Female
- Born on February 9
- Joined September 16, 2010


text:
Skip to comments.How to email NCCI -- company that confiscated American Flags of Employees
Posted on 09/17/2001 6:08:07 AM PDT by topher
NCCI Holdings on the National Day of Prayer (Friday, September 14, 2001) confiscated the flags of 10 employees -- claiming that the display of the American flag would "offend other employees".
If you want to give a piece of your mind, and perhaps share some very high resolution JPEG or BMP images of the destruction last week, here are some email addresses:
Public Relations
I will not hurt my feelings if you crash their email server or fill up their disks...
email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com;email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com;
The Drudgereport was still carrying this article this morning (courtesy Palm Beach news).
I sent pictures of Arlington National Cemetary to the CEO.
What you find is that NCCI now encourages display of flags at employee workstations and will provide one to any employee who asks for one. This horse's behind is backpedaling at 100mph to try and avoid being covered up in the maelstrom of fecal material that is headed his way.
OK but does that idiot CEO still have a job?
I wouldn't want him running a company in which I have any investment!
You're right! Let's email them and tell them!
They finally understand. ;-)
Apology to their employees and to the American People.
Some errors in judgement are way more egregious than others, and this horse's ass made a doozy.
OK let's not have him fired, but the highest position I would approve is mail boy.
Ha ha ha ha ha ha
Do you really think they are responding to email?
Would you? after such an embarrassing faux pas during a painful national crisis?
BTW, I did send them an email when I first heard the story (and it did not come back).
But, I didn't think you would respond to my comment either. ;-)
"User Vincent_Donnelly (email@example.com) not listed in public Name & Address Book."
800 622 4123
In God We Trust.....Semper Fi
I would really like to know if this is a Saudi company or not. It sounds like the company compiles data on American citizens.
I would like to see people put pressure on Harvard to send this money to the victims of the tragedy. Also can we find out why Harvard accepted this money in the first place?
Phone: 561-893-1000
Fax: 561-917-7025
The link you provided sent me to www.ncci.com.sa/ They seem to be two different companies with different names but share the letters NCCI.
That's what's so great about freerepublic, all we care about is the truth, and shoving it down leftist's throats.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
Yuriy Zubarev
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Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez announced in a Twitter message early on Monday that he had returned home to Venezuela following his cancer surgery in Cuba.
"We have arrived again to the Venezuelan motherland," Chavez wrote.
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Ailing Chavez returns to Venezuela
President Hugo Chavez returns to Venezuela after more than two months of treatment in Cuba triggering street celebrations by supporters.
"Thank you God. Thank you my beloved people. We will continue my treatment here."
As recently as Saturday, Venezuelan Information Minister Ernesto Villegas said a respiratory problem persisted and made it difficult for Chavez to talk, although the president remained "conscious, with full intellectual functions and in close touch with his government team".
Chavez had been fitted with a breathing tube in his throat, making it hard for him to speak.