text:
Pediatric Mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
- Author: Nicholas John Bennett, MBBCh, PhD, MA(Cantab), FAAP; Chief Editor: Russell W Steele, MD more...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or human herpesvirus 4, is a gammaherpesvirus that infects more than 95% of the world's population. The most common manifestation of primary infection with this organism is acute infectious mononucleosis, a self-limited clinical syndrome that most frequently affects adolescents and young adults. Classic symptoms include sore throat, fever, and lymphadenopathy. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus in younger children is usually asymptomatic or mild. However, Epstein-Barr virus is also a human tumor virus, the first virus associated with human malignancy. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, especially in immunocompromised hosts, and is associated with various tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma.
See Clues in the Oral Cavity: Are You Missing the Diagnosis?, a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify the causes of abnormalities of the oral cavity.
Acute infectious mononucleosis was first described in the late 19th century as acute glandular fever, an illness consisting of lymphadenopathy, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, malaise, and abdominal discomfort in adolescents and young adults. In 1920, Sprunt and associates applied the name infectious mononucleosis to cases of spontaneously resolving acute leukemia associated with blastlike cells in the blood. Downey described the lymphocyte morphology in 1923. In 1932, Paul and Bunnell discovered that serum from symptomatic patients had antibodies that agglutinate the RBCs of unrelated species, the heterophile antibodies. This allowed enhanced diagnostic accuracy of infectious mononucleosis. The graph below demonstrates the antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus.
The search for the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis was unsuccessful for many years, partly because researchers did not appreciate that most primary infections are asymptomatic and that most adults are seropositive. In 1964, Epstein described the first human tumor virus when he found virus particles in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line.[1] Henle reported the relationship between acute infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus in 1968.[2] Subsequently, a large prospective study of students at Yale University firmly established Epstein-Barr virus as the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis.[3]
Humans are the only known reservoir of Epstein-Barr virus. Epstein-Barr virus is present in oropharyngeal secretions and is most commonly transmitted through saliva. After initial inoculation, the virus replicates in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Cell lysis is associated with a release of virions, with viral spread to contiguous structures, including salivary glands and oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues. Further viral replication results in viremia, with subsequent infection of the lymphoreticular system, including the liver, spleen, and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Host immune response to the viral infection includes CD8+ T lymphocytes with suppressor and cytotoxic functions, the characteristic atypical lymphocytes found in the peripheral blood. The T lymphocytes are cytotoxic to the Epstein-Barr virus–infected B cells and eventually reduce the number of Epstein-Barr virus–infected B lymphocytes to less than 1 per 106 circulating B cells.
Primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus is followed by latent infection, a characteristic of herpesviruses. After acute Epstein-Barr virus infection, latently infected lymphocytes and epithelial cells persist and are immortalized. In vivo, this allows perpetuation of infection, while, in vitro, immortalized cell lines are established. During latent infection, the virus is present in the lymphocytes and oropharyngeal epithelial cells as episomes in the nucleus. These episomes rarely integrate into the cell genome but do replicate with cell division and are passed to subsequent generations of cells. The rate of viral reactivation within the population of latently infected cells is low. Epithelial cells are the primary source of new virus in latently infected individuals, infecting B cells as they circulate through the oropharynx.
Two strains, labeled EBV-1 and EBV-2 (also known as type A and type B), are observed. Although the genes expressed during latent infection have some differences, the acute illnesses caused by the 2 strains are apparently identical. Both strains are prevalent throughout the world and can simultaneously infect the same person.
Knowledge of the structure of Epstein-Barr virus and of which proteins are expressed during different stages of its life cycle is required to understand the laboratory tests used to determine if an individual has primary acute, convalescent, latent, or reactivation infection. A mature infectious viral particle, which may be present in the cytoplasm of an epithelial cell, consists of a nucleoid, a capsid, and an envelope. The nucleoid contains linear double-stranded viral DNA. It is surrounded by the capsid, an icosahedral constructed of capsomers, which are tubular protein subunits. An envelope derived either from the outer membrane or the nuclear membrane of the host cell encloses the capsid and nucleoid (ie, the nucleocapsid). The envelope also contains viral proteins that were constructed and placed in the host cell membrane before viral assembly began.
To initiate cellular infection, a viral particle attaches via its major outer envelope glycoprotein (ie, gp350/220) to the Epstein-Barr virus receptor CD21 on a B lymphocyte. The binding site on epithelial cells also may be CD21, but this has not been confirmed. One in vitro model has shown EBV infection of CD21-negative polarized epithelial cells can occur with the assistance of EBV-infected memory B cells. Epstein-Barr virus is then internalized into cytoplasmic vesicles. After fusion of virus envelope with the vesicle membrane, the nucleocapsid is released into the cytoplasm. The nucleocapsid dissolves, the genome is transported to the cell nucleus, and the linear genome then circularizes, forming an episome. The cell may then proceed with either lytic infection with release of infectious virus or latent infection of the host cell. B lymphocytes with latent infection undergo growth transformation.
Lytic infection occurs early after primary inoculation. As a result of lytic infection in oral epithelial cells, Epstein-Barr virus can be found in the saliva for the first 12-18 months after acquisition. Thereafter, epithelial cells and lymphocytes are latently infected, with a few spontaneously converting, leading to viral replication, host cell lysis and death, and release of mature virions. Thus, the virus can be isolated from oral secretions of 20-30% of healthy latently infected individuals at any time.
During latent infection, cell proteins are expressed in 1 of 3 patterns. Type I latency, associated with Burkitt lymphoma, is characterized by expression of only Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNAs, Epstein-Barr early regions (EBERs), and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). Type II latency, associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is characterized by expression of 3 latent membrane proteins (LMP1, LMP2A, LMP2B), plus EBERs and EBNA1. Type III latency is a pattern generally only found in healthy cells with latent infection. All 3 latency patterns can be seen in healthy individuals because the association with neoplastic changes is not absolute. In addition to the EBERs and EBNA1 expressed in type I latency, other nuclear antigens (including EBNA2, EBNA3A, EBNA3B, EBNA3C, and LMP) are expressed in type III latency. As mentioned above, spontaneous reactivation can occur in latently infected cells, leading to viral shedding.
A Danish study used data from a cohort of 2,823,583 Danish children born between 1971 and 2011 to study familial aggregation of infectious mononucleosis (IM). The study found evidence of familial aggregation of IM that warrants genome-wide association studies on IM disease etiology, especially to examine commonalities with causal pathways in other Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases.[4]
United States
Epstein-Barr virus is not a reportable infection, and the exact frequency of symptomatic primary infection is not known. By age 5 years, approximately 50% of the US population is infected. During childhood, primary infection is usually asymptomatic or associated with mild elevation of liver function test findings. Epstein-Barr virus infection acquired during adolescence is asymptomatic or associated with the syndrome of acute infectious mononucleosis.
The incidence of acute infectious mononucleosis was approximately 45 cases per 100,000 population per year in the early 1970s, with the highest incidence in individuals aged 15-24 years. However, changes in economic status may have changed both the age of initial infection and the incidence of infectious mononucleosis since the large epidemiologic studies were completed. In lower socioeconomic groups, Epstein-Barr virus infection is more common, occurs at an earlier age, and is less likely to be associated with acute infectious mononucleosis.
Roommates of students with primary Epstein-Barr virus infection develop seroconversion at the same rate as the general population of college students.
Approximately 90% of the US population is infected with Epstein-Barr virus by age 25 years.
Epstein-Barr virus infection does not occur in epidemics and has relatively low transmissibility.
Epstein-Barr virus infection occurs with the same frequency and symptomatology in the developed nations of the world as in the United States.
Epstein-Barr virus is more frequently acquired in childhood in underdeveloped nations, and, therefore, the syndrome of acute infectious mononucleosis is unusual in these nations.
In Africa, the virus is associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma in the setting of co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum.[2]
High numbers of Epstein-Barr virus episomes are found in the cells of undifferentiated or poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This is the most common tumor in adult men in southern China and is also common in North American Inuits and North African whites.
Most primary Epstein-Barr virus infections are asymptomatic. It is perhaps the most common reason for fever of unknown origin in young children and can present with fever in isolation or in the context of lymphadenopathy, fatigue, or nonspecific malaise.
Death is unusual in immunocompetent patients with acute infectious mononucleosis but may occur due to neurologic complications, upper airway obstruction, or splenic rupture.
Epstein-Barr virus infection is linked with numerous tumors. Endemic Burkitt lymphoma, the most common tumor of childhood in Africa, is associated with Epstein-Barr virus and malaria. Infection with P falciparum malaria stimulates polyclonal B-cell proliferation with Epstein-Barr virus infection and impairs the T-lymphocyte response to Epstein-Barr virus, apparently contributing to tumor pathogenesis.
In Asia, Epstein-Barr virus infection is related to development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Predisposing factors include a diet rich in nitrosamines, salted fish, Chinese race, and the HLA-A2 haplotype. Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas are associated with Epstein-Barr virus, and evidence of the Epstein-Barr virus genome is demonstrable in many of these tumors.
Epstein-Barr virus is also associated with Hodgkin lymphoma, in which the Epstein-Barr virus genome is present in the Reed-Sternberg cell. The EBNA1 protein interferes with tumor growth factor–beta signaling by downregulating Smad2; this interference with tumor-suppressor functions may contribute to tumor formation.[5] In addition, the same protein may play a role in immune evasion via recruitment of regulatory T-helper cells.[6] The precise mechanism by which Epstein-Barr virus may contribute to tumor pathogenesis are uncertain; some authors suggest that interleukin-10 may be linked to immune evasion, whereas others suggest it is linked to recovery.
Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients who are immunocompromised is associated with several syndromes and proliferative disorders.
Individuals with Duncan syndrome (ie, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome) may develop fatal primary Epstein-Barr virus infection due to a defect in the immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (poor anti-EBNA responses). The defective gene is the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)–associated protein (SAP) and is found on the X chromosome. Boys with Duncan syndrome often develop fatal massive hepatitis, hemophagocytosis, or a disseminated lymphoproliferative disorder triggered by primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. The median age of presentation is 2.5 years, with a median survival of 33 days. Survivors of the initial infection develop B-cell lymphoma or hypogammaglobulinemia and usually die by age 10 years. In children with Duncan Syndrome, the paucity of normal class-switched mature B cells means the virus instead establishes itself in nonswitched memory B cells (as opposed to naive or transitional B cells).[7]
Other congenital immunodeficiencies are associated with the development of Epstein-Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative disorders. These include ataxia-telangiectasia, Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and common variable immunodeficiency.
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a potentially fatal lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus and monoclonal or polyclonal expansion of B cells. It occurs in patients after organ transplantation, particularly after heart transplantation, and usually responds to decreased immune suppression.
Epstein-Barr virus–associated lymphomas occur in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies (eg, after cancer chemotherapy). Unfortunately, these tumors do not respond to decreased immunosuppression.
In patients with AIDS, Epstein-Barr virus is associated with hairy leukoplakia, leiomyosarcoma, CNS lymphoma, and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis in children. However, only approximately one half of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Burkitt lymphomas contain Epstein-Barr virus genomes, which suggests a more complex interaction between chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immune system defects. Acyclovir has been shown to have some potential benefit in treating patients with AIDS-associated Epstein-Barr virus disease.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an immune activation syndrome that can be triggered by EBV infection, especially in immunocompromised patients. HLH can also be triggered by other infections,[8] and inherited HLH exists as well, which typically presents at a very young age.
HLH is characterized by multiorgan dysfunction and cytopenias, and laboratory findings that overlap with severe EBV infection and leukemia. Typical presentations are fever, hepatosplenomegaly, rash, and pancytopenia. Various laboratory findings are suggestive of HLH, including high ferritin, high triglycerides, and low fibrinogen, as well as cytopenia in at least 2 cell lines. The most specific serologic marker is high levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor. Low natural killer cell number and activity is also a sensitive marker for HLH.
Epstein-Barr virus infection has no racial predilection; however, HLA-A2 haplotypes, which are more common in people of Chinese origin, are associated with a predisposition for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The risk associated with HLA-A2 haplotypes is higher than any environmental risk posed by diet. First-generation US immigrants of Chinese origin have a higher risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.[9]
Large epidemiologic studies performed in the 1970s revealed that acute infectious mononucleosis was 30 times more likely to occur in whites than in African Americans. However, this correlated with lower social economic status and earlier asymptomatic infection in African Americans and, therefore, did not reflect a true racial difference.
The incidence of infectious mononucleosis is the same in men and women, although the peak incidence occurs 2 years earlier in females.
Postinfectious fatigue is more common in females.[10, 11]
Epstein-Barr virus infection usually occurs during infancy or childhood and remains latent through life.
In developed nations, infection may not occur until adolescence or adulthood, and approximately 50% of adolescents who acquire Epstein-Barr virus develop the infectious mononucleosis syndrome.
Acute infectious mononucleosis has been reported in middle-aged and elderly adults; these individuals are usually heterophile antibody negative.
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In Summer of Fire, it is 1988, and Yellowstone Park is on fire. Among the thousands of summer warriors battling to save America's crown jewel, is single mother Clare Chance. Having just watched her best friend, a fellow Texas firefighter, die in a roof collapse, she has fled to Montana to try and put the memory behind her. She's not the only one fighting personal demons as well as the fiery dragon threatening to consume the park. There's Chris Deering, a Vietnam veteran helicopter pilot, seeking his next adrenaline high and a good time that doesn't include his wife, and Ranger Steve Haywood, a man scarred by the loss of his wife and baby in a plane crash. They rally around Clare when tragedy strikes yet again, and she loses a young soldier to a firestorm. Three flawed, wounded people; one horrific blaze. Its tentacles are encircling the park, coming ever closer, threatening to cut them off. The landmark Old Faithful Inn and Park Headquarters at Mammoth are under siege, and now there's a helicopter down, missing, somewhere in the path of the conflagration. And Clare's daughter is on it. In Rain of Fire, geologist Kyle Stone watched her family die in the 1959 Hebgen Lake Earthquake near Yellowstone. Fighting a lifetime of fears, she is one of the scientists with a finger on Yellowstone's pulse. When a new hot spring appears overnight in the park and a noted naturalist is scalded to death, Kyle mounts an expedition into the Yellowstone backcountry to unravel the mystery. Accompanying her are Ranger Wyatt Ellison, former student and friend, and Dr. Nicholas Darden, volcanologist and former lover. More than just a volcano is heating up. Amid personal conflict, earthquakes uprooting the land, and poison gases killing wildlife, Kyle finds herself in the unenviable position of convincing park officials to evacuate Yellowstone before tens of thousands of people die. As the earth shudders, Kyle must defeat her darkest terror simply to survive. In Lake of Fire, Yellowstone National Park provides the setting for love and adventure as a young Indian attempts to hide his heritage and adopt the life of a businessman, while an heiress traveling from Chicago conceals her wealthy background. A twist of fate brings them together, and the revelation of both their secrets brings them even closer. Packed with excitement, the story follows the couple as they overcome jealousy and violence while fighting to survive in the wilderness.
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text: We will flying in to Portland ,renting a car, in mid August and travelling the coast, Columbia R Gorge, Mt Hood, , and anywhere else that is a must see in the area. We are not really interested in spending time in Portland. Couple, mid 60's, no kids. Need ideas for where to stay, raft trip, great sightseeing.


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Blue LED Underwater Boat Light, Each - Attwood
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Philly Soccer Blog: Union Prepares For DC UnitedKYW's Greg Orlandini and Philly Soccer Page writer Mike Servedio have a quick discussion as the Philadelphia Union have hit a little dip in their season.
Philly Soccer Blog: Rookie Fabian Herbers Discusses His Journey To Philadelphia UnionHis debut MLS goal was a spectacular one, and he is the guest this week on the KYW Philly Soccer Show.
2 Philadelphia Union Players With Local Ties Quickly Becoming Fan FavoritesTwo crucial contributors of that turnaround are local products on defense, Keegan Rosenberry and Ken Tribbett.
Soccer's Copa America Tournament Set To Begin In PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia hits the world soccer stage Thursday night with the arrival of Copa America play at Lincoln Financial Field.
Copa America Tournament Comes To PhillyUSA will take on Paraguay at 7:00 p.m. Saturday at Lincoln Financial Field.
Philly Soccer Show: Philadelphia Union Sit Atop Eastern ConferenceA bit of a break for the Philadelphia Union, but not for the KYW Philly Soccer Show.
Philly Soccer Show: Philadelphia Union Undefeated In Their Last 7The Philadelphia Union are back home after going undefeated on a short road trip.
Street Soccer USA Philadelphia Cup To Kick Off This WeekendThe Street Soccer USA Philadelphia Cup is coming to the iconic steps of the Philadelphia Art Museum this weekend.
Philly Soccer Show: Philadelphia Union Sits In 1st Place In Eastern ConferenceKYW's Greg Orlandini and CBS 3's Kevin Kinkead sit down with Dave Zeitlin, Union beat writer for mlssoccer.com.
Philly Soccer Show: Philadelphia Union's Keegan Rosenberry Talks Adjusting To MLS And MoreHe is one of the top rookies in MLS, and he is the guest on the KYW Philly Soccer Show.
Philly Soccer Show: Philadelphia Union Faces Test With LA GalaxyIt's a round table discussion as KYW's Greg Orlandini is joined by CBS 3's Kevin Kinkead and Philly Soccer Page's Mike Servedio.
Pontius Enjoying First Season With UnionAfter a 1-1 draw with San Jose last time out on Saturday, the Union sit at 4-3-1 this season.


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Human Brown Adipocyte Transplantation and In Vivo Metabolic Characterization
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AbstractObesity and its associated metabolic complications including diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent in the general population as well as in military personnel. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major site of energy expenditure through thermogenesis, which is mediated by the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1). Studies in animals over the last 30 years as well as recent data in humans strongly suggest that overweight and obese individuals have a low amount of BAT, and that increasing BAT by about 50 grams in obese patients would induce strong weight loss and improve metabolic status (including glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, and cardiovascular risk). The proposed studies aim to develop a prototype system for the transplantation of autologous brown adipocytes. We intend to demonstrate that a readily generated population of human brown adipocytes can be transplanted into an animal model of human obesity and insulin resistance, and that these cells can survive and produce significant improvements in glycemic control and body composition (e.g., body weight, fat mass).
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
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Pokémon GO has been released for Android and iOS in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, most of Europe, Canada, and Japan with more countries on the way soon! Need help learning Pokémon GO? Take a look at our Pokémon GO Player's Guides
Check BNN and Bulbanews for up-to-date Pokémon news and discuss it on the forums or in our IRC channel #bulbagarden on irc.systemnet.info.
Advanced Generation series
The Advanced Generation series (Japanese: ポケットモンスター アドバンスジェネレーション Pocket Monsters Advanced Generation) is the second series of the Pokémon anime. It ran from November 21, 2002 to September 14, 2006 in Japan and from March 15, 2003 to March 3, 2007 in the United States.
In this series, Ash travels through the Hoenn region in an effort to compete in the Hoenn League there. He is joined not by Misty, who had been his continuous companion for the entirety of the original series, but May, a rookie Trainer from Petalburg City who at first merely wishes to travel. Eventually, she learns of Pokémon Contests and declares herself a Pokémon Coordinator, training to win Ribbons in Pokémon Contests so she can enter the Grand Festival. May's brother, Max, also travels with the group and helps map out routes to take using his PokéNav. However, Max is too young to have his own Pokémon. Brock, Ash's near-constant adviser, returns soon after the start of the series, while Misty makes two several-episode cameo appearances.
After Ash competes in the Hoenn League, Ash and Brock return to Kanto while May and Max return to Petalburg City. While on his way home to Pallet Town, Ash meets Scott, who after observing Ash's battle skills invites him to enter the Battle Frontier. He travels around Kanto in an effort to complete the Battle Frontier and is joined again by Brock, Max and May - who is now aiming to compete in the Kanto Grand Festival.
The Advanced Generation series saw a change in the formula followed by the original series, as well. While in Kanto and Johto, Ash encountered all three of those regions' starter Pokémon and caught each, in this series Ash's only capture of a starter was Treecko, while his friends, May and Brock, caught a Torchic and a Mudkip, respectively. Also, unlike when he traveled to the Orange Islands and Johto, Ash left behind all of his Pokémon at Professor Oak's, bringing only Pikachu. Another change was new clothing for Ash and Brock. No longer did Ash wear the hat he claimed to have sent in a million postcards for, but instead a completely different outfit. Misty also received a new outfit during her return appearances.
Dub seasons
When the Advanced Generation series came to be dubbed into English and other languages, it was divided up into four seasons:
- Pokémon: Advanced (AG001 - AG040)
- Pokémon: Advanced Challenge (AG041 - AG092)
- Pokémon: Advanced Battle (AG093 - AG145)
- Pokémon: Battle Frontier (AG146 - AG192)
Episodes in the Advanced Generation series are numbered with the prefix AG on Bulbapedia. For a complete episode listing, see the list of Advanced Generation series episodes.
- This is the only series in which Ash does not have a recurring rival throughout the series. The only rivals he had during the series met him shortly before the Ever Grande Conference.
- This is the second, and final series dubbed by 4Kids Entertainment, with the exception of Season 9.
In other languages
|寵物小精靈超世代 Chungmat Siujingling: Chiu Saidoi
|神奇寶貝超世代 Shénqíbǎobèi: Chāo Shìdài
|Pokémon AG
External links
- TV Tokyo (Japanese)
|This article is part of Project Anime, a Bulbapedia project that covers all aspects of the Pokémon anime.
- Pokémon GO Plus delayed to September: No longer set to be released in July
- Unova Classic Wi-Fi competition announced: Participants will receive Zen Mode Darmanitan
- Pokémon Ranger: Guardian Signs to be released on Wii U Virtual Console in Japan: To be ...
- Pokémon GO panel at SDCC reveals team leaders, more: Hanke teases undiscovered Easter eggs
- Pokémon GO now available in Hong Kong: Available for iOS, Android


text:
(the following doesn't quite scan, compared to the original. This is on purpose).
Take up the Liberal Mormon's burden, Send forth the best with degrees
Go risk your fates to excommunication, to serve your lessers' needs;
To wait in heavy harness, On un-nuanced folk and mild–
Your orthodox, hide-bound Mormons, Half-devil and half-child.
Take up the Liberal Mormon's burden, In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of Peterson And check his show of pride;
By open speech and academic, An hundred times made nuanced
To seek progressive profit, And work against the prophet
Continue reading


text:
Hotel Miro
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How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Suites
- Minbar in room
- Drycleaning onsite
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Breakfast Available
- Wireless internet connection in public areas
Photos of Hotel Miro
TravelPod Member ReviewsHotel Miro Bilbao
Modern, comfortable, cozy, very good service and close attention to details, staff very helpful. Very well situated within a few steps of the Guggenheim Museum and public transportation, walking distance to major shopping areas. Good breakfast buffet. Underground public parking across the street. Several tapa bars in the vicinity. Highly recommended for a stay in Bilbao.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
Historical Traveler Reviews Hotel Miro Bilbao
Overall value for money.
Will give it above average because of the room size and the really wonderful staff. Having booked direct and asked for a double room non-smoking it was disappointing to find that the request was ignored. We did eventually get the double room which was a smoker and had that odour that only us non-smokers seem to hate. A minimilist hotel taken to the extreme. The bar was featureless and without any atmosphere but the breakfast area was fine and the breakfast itself very good. The Spa and Gym areas though small were also good and could compete with those offered by much more expensive hotels. Location was very good but Bilbao is a walking town and everywhere is close. The city itself was quiet but the shopping was good and the people warm and friendly. Dont go for the night life. The Guggenheim museum is a must if only for the building itself but check what is being shown. Overall value for money.
Wonderful hotel - one of the best
This place is gorgeous - both the public spaces and the rooms. And the staff is friendly and helpful. This is a boutique / designer hotel without the attitude. Great gym - complete with apples, mineral water and granola bars. Speaking of food, the meals available at the bar are ample and relatively inexpensive. This place is a cut above! We hated to leave.
We love the Miro, Wonderful, Fantastic, the Best!!!
What a pleasure to stay at the Miro, it had a wonderful atmosphere.
Minimilistic in an oppulent way, great rooms, amazing sexy bathrooms. The best breakfasts in all of Spain. Spa was lovely and a great place to unwind and chill. Excellent location, and friendly helpful staff. WE LOVE THE MIRO!! Last but not least, all for a fantastic price of 121euros per night. A pure pleasure to stay at the Miro.
I would definitely stay here again!
What a wonderful hotel! Nice, clean, modern...and in a great location. We had a full view of the Guggenheim from our window and only had a 15 minute walk to the old city. The staff were also very friendly and helpful.
Sleep in style facing the Guggenheim
The hotel: On the same road of the Guggenheim, facing the river, strategically situated among Bilbao's architectural gem and the museum of arts. Great staff, fluent in english, excellent room service and informative consierge. They can arrange anything from a bullfight to the best dinner in Bilbao for you.
The people: Stylish business travellers and tourists from all over the world. Couples in their 30's.
The ambience: Minimalistic with a japanese flair.
The pros: Beautiful rooms in white with subtle red details, sofisticated lighting and immense windows on the Guggenheim and the city below. Nice cosy beds, rooms on the front have great views, flat screen TV and DVD player in room, stylish bathrobes and great bath accessories. Although it doesn't look much at first, the best buffet breakfast in town and the absolute best cappuccino I had in a hotel in Spain. In the basement, hydrojet (small) pools, hammam and sauna. Hotel is not really child-friendly (to the relief of childless couples). Last but not least, their prices! This hotel is really value for money.
The cons: The standard rooms have a small bath (only with shower cabin). The sauna, hammam and jacuzzis in the basement are separate for men and women (if empty, personnel tolerates couples though).
Great Hotel
What a treat this was...The Miro hotel is superb...everything from a great room with a smashing view of the museum to the friendliest staff, nothing was too much to ask of them, infact we were very impressed with our whole visit to Bilbao. I personally loved the shopping (being a woman)...great shops at great prices. If you like walking you'll love it there, we could have walked all day and not seen the same thing twice, the old quarter is fab lots of little hidden streets and alleys with yet more great shops and bars. We will come back again for sure...
Great little gem
We had a great stay at the Miro in August 2004.
From the minute we arrived (early in the morning) until we left, the staff was friendly, helpful & attentive. We arrived early, so they immediately asked if we needed coffee and had our suite ready.
Suite was large, comfortable and had great views of the Guggenheim - which was just a couple blocks walk away.
A bit of a walk to the nearest subway station...but easy to get around. Take the subway to the outer stations (about 30 min. ride) for some great beaches.
The jacuzzi/whirlpool in the spa at the Miro was an absolutely wonderful spot to relax at the end of the day.
I adored the Miro Hotel
The Miro Hotel in Bilbao had beautiful rooms, wonderful service, great location (just across from the Guggenheim Museum), superb food and an attractive spa.
Best hotel staff ever
Funky boutique hotel in a good location 1 min from the Guggenheim, and a nice walk to the Old Town, city centre, galleries and museums.
Service was the great surprise for me too, with all staff from recption to the bar staff dispalying a wonderful friendly nature, nothing was too much bother; late night food, excellent restaurant tips, football tickets, planning walks and sights etc., and the best (potent) vodka limon in town.
Lovely, modern hotel
The Miro is a fairly new, small hotel almost opposite the Guggenheim in Bilbao. It's a very modern looking hotel - minimilist decor and very comfortable. One of the best aspects was the abosoloutely lovely staff - extremely friendly, couldn't do enough to help which was slightly unexpected given the style of the hotel. For some reason modern, trendy places seem to think it their duty to employ haughty staff. But not here. Very comfortable and quiet, I stayed in a standard twin room which had a weekend rate of 155 Euros. The breakfast was fab - but not included. It was 12 Euros. There's a small gym and jacuzzi in the basement and a bar - it's probably the only place that I've been served a gin and tonic in a pint glass! It was my first trip to Bilbao so I have no other hotel expereinces to compare this one to - but it was really a nice hotel.
TripAdvisor Reviews Hotel Miro Bilbao
Travel Blogs from Bilbao
Arriving in Basque Territory. Bilbao!
... I found this quite fascinating and I even spent 4 hours exploring this famous museum.
After Guggenheim, I decided to do what I normally do, which was getting lost in this wonderful city, which at some point I literally did got lost, as I lost my map while sunbathing in Do�a Casilda park, so with no directions and not knowing where to go, I decided to walk around the city till I found something familiar. I ended up near the bull ring of Bilbao, which ...
Day 5 - Pamplona to Bilbao
... build. The art in the museum was something else. One room was full of huge steel curves walls, many were spirals - you walked into the center and out again, but the way the light was, and the accoustics were interesting. Another room was HUGE and contained about 20 paintings of giant heads of women smiling. There were a couple of Andy Warhol works, one gallery where there was a huge kitchen, I guess that's what it was, cabinets made ...
Northern Spain
... like plateau and then wound through the hills up to the lakes. It got noticeably colder the higher I went and by the time I got there the light was so poor there was nothing more to do but eat and find somewhere to sleep for the night.
The night was cold. Even wearing all of my clothes inside my sleeping bag I found it difficult to sleep. But none of that mattered when the sun started to come up, as the sight of sunrise on ...
Grandma in Bilbao Spain
We left the Arcachon Bay, France last night on a dinner cruise and arrived in Bilbao early this morning. It has been looking like rain all morning so everyone was a little slow to get up and get going.
My grandmother came aboard this afternoon. She's always wanted to visit this part of Spain so she flew over several days ago and has been visiting a few of the cities not on the yachts itinerary. She spent the night in Bilbao, and this morning the crew ...
Setting out for the walk
... and tried to walk around with our other six bags but it was too hot and the bags too heavy. We tried to log onto a wifi site without success and very frustrating. It was also 30 degrees which didn't help.
I sat and read some more while Danny went in a profitless search of an internet caf�.
We returned to the bus station with its milling, smoking, Kiss fans in town for the concert and waited for Kate, our guide, to arrive which she ...


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Jewish Family & Life (JFL Media), February 2009
Topic: Communal Responsibility, Homelessness, Leadership, Government
Name of Publication: Sh'ma: A Journal of Jewish Ideas
Editor: Berrin, Susan
Volume/Issue: 39/657
Page Number(s): 20
Genre: Article
Coverage: United States
Language: English
Copyright Holder: Publisher
Copyright Information: Download for personal use, freely distribute link
Bibliographic Information:
Montgomery, Jacob. Responsibility. Sh'ma: A Journal of Jewish Ideas. Jewish Family & Life (JFL Media). February 2009: 20. http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=6312
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Piliin ang iyong wika. Kaya naming mag-Filipino at magsalita sa 41 iba pang wika.
Pinakamadalas gamitin ng mga tao sa Pilipinas
Lahat ng wika
119 review
This all-suite San Antonio hotel is off Interstate 10 and is 6 miles from San Antonio International Airport. This hotel offers an airport shuttle and free Wi-Fi in every suite.
"I've stayed at this particular hotel many time…reat experience. I would definitely recommend it."
319 review
Offering a convenient location near San Antonio International Airport, this hotel features a free 24-hour shuttle service to the airport and local businesses.
"I liked everything pretty much, staff was great th…m was clean and of course the cookies were great."
289 review
Located in San Antonio, Texas, this hotel is 11 miles from Seaworld and Lackland Air Force Base. It features an outdoor pool and guest rooms with free Wi-Fi.
"Clean nice hotel, excellent value vs. money, it wa… Pool was good too, breakfast was rich as well."
101 review
Providing spacious one and 2 room suites, furnished with full kitchens and all the comforts of home, this San Antonio hotel is moments from popular points of interest, including SeaWorld.
"Everything was great friendly staff clean facility…ids and I didn't want to leave great job guys"
313 review
Less than 3 km from Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme park in San Antonio, Texas, this hotel offers a free hot breakfast every morning and comfortable guestrooms.
"The room was comfortable and staff very friendly and helpful."
875 review
Located on the beautiful Riverwalk in the heart of San Antonio city centre, this hotel is a short stroll from popular area attractions and features an outdoor pool.
"Great location, close to everything but without all the noise and crowds."
536 review
Only 1 mile from the historic Alamo, this San Antonio hotel features an outdoor pool and free Wi-Fi. Each guest room is equipped with cable TV and a DVD player.
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This Inn is located less than a 5 minutes' drive from the San Antonio International Airport. Fully non-smoking guest rooms include free WiFi.
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Featuring an onsite 24-hour IHOP restaurant, this Texas hotel is directly off Interstate 10 and is 8.4 km from San Antonio city centre.
"Breakfast included, its next to IHOP, and it was e… anywhere from there, it is well located i think."
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Multimedia Tools and Applications
, Volume 51, Issue 3, pp 997-1011
First online:
Camera calibration using court models for real-time augmenting soccer scenes
- Tahar battikhAffiliated withEcole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de Tunis
- , Imed JabriAffiliated withEcole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de Tunis Email author
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
In this paper, we present a procedure to estimate the position, orientation and focal length of a camera in a soccer field. These parameters are then used in real-time overlay of graphics on a soccer pitch. The method uses court model composed by arcs and lines. A means of automatically initializing the tracking process is also presented which uses Hough transform with a combination of a non-linear least squares optimization method. For the tracking of camera parameters, two cases arise: the center of the pitch and the 18 m area. A combination of automatic court model recognition with the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) algorithm is also used.
KeywordsSport video processing Camera calibration Pose estimation Model-based video analysis Computer vision KLT Hough transform
Reference tools
- Title
- Camera calibration using court models for real-time augmenting soccer scenes
- Journal
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Volume 51, Issue 3 , pp 997-1011
- Cover Date
- 2011-02
- 10.1007/s11042-009-0434-1
- Print ISSN
- 1380-7501
- Online ISSN
- 1573-7721
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Sport video processing
- Camera calibration
- Pose estimation
- Model-based video analysis
- Computer vision
- Hough transform
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Tahar battikh (1)
- Imed Jabri (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia


text:
If this isn't already in the game, I would like to see them bring back the Demon Arm in some form, perhaps a skill rune effect that only lasts for a short duration, that acts as a short range melee attack or knockback. I know they toyed aroud with the idea of having a Demon Arm as part of a permanent feature, but felt it read to melee for this class. But I still think it's a cool idea, and a rune seems like a perfect way to implement it. I'm going to attempt to make a melee DH if there are enough skills that allow this. :)
Anyone else have any interesting ideas?
Anyone else have any interesting ideas?
Edited by Picaboo on 8/25/2011 12:44 PM PDT


text:
After struggling to crack the lineup with the Washington Capitals under new coach Adam Oates, veteran defenseman Roman Hamrlik is embracing his new opportunity with the New York Rangers.
The Rangers claimed the 38-year-old veteran off waivers from Washington Wednesday, a move that was discussed even before Marc Staal suffered a gruesome eye injury Tuesday night.
"Happy, excited, anxious to play," said Hamrlik about learning he'd be joining the Rangers. "This is a really good team, one of the best goaltending [teams] in league. They have some great defensemen who can skate and move the puck, lots of speed up front. I think this team is a Stanley Cup contender."
Hamrlik said he did not want to dwell on the past, but admitted he was frustrated by his limited role with the Caps this season. Before being waived, Hamrlik played in only four games under Oates.
"There's been lots of changes over the summer with the coaching staff in Washington. I wish ... they would've could'e given me a little more of a chance to play hockey but it's in the past and I'm looking more ahead," Hamrlik said. "It is what it is."
Should Hamrlik play tonight he'll be thrown right into the midst of a division rivalry that he knows all about. Hamrlik spent four years with the Islanders from 2000-2004 and said he had lots of good memories about the Isles-Rangers match-ups.
"It's huge," Hamrlik said. "Always the guys are pumped up and the excitement ... the fans really enjoy it. It should be fun."
• • •
Brad Richards will miss his second straight game Thursday night as he recovers from a nasty hit Sunday delivered by Buffalo's Patrick Kaleta. Kaleta received a five-game suspension for the play, which sent Richards face-first into the boards and writhing in pain on the ice.
How did he feel about the suspension?
"I don't know what's appropriate, I just hope someone doesn't have to have a broken neck and get carried off by a stretcher for that to sink in, that that's jut a crazy play," Richards said.
After the hit, Richards and his teammates blasted Kaleta for what they felt was a dirty play.
"We learned that in Pee Wee. You see someone's numbers and you just don't do that," Richards said. "Hopefully, something worse doesn't have to happen [so] we have to make a point out of it."
Richards said he is "feeling better" each day but that he is being careful not to set himself back until he is fully ready to return.


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InP and SiGe technologies are both attractive for design of circuits operating at 40 GB/s and beyond. In this paper, we describe a fully differential SiGe transimpedance amplifier (TIA) suitable for differential phase-shift keying applications. The TIA exhibits 49 dB-Ω transimpedance, greater than 50-GHz bandwidth, and input-referred current noise less than 30 pA/√Hz. For comparison, we have also developed a similar TIA in an InP double-heterostructure bipolar transistor technology. The InP TIA had 48 dB-Ω transimpedance and 49-GHz bandwidth.