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Many people try to stay fit and active by exercising. They may search for a local gym to start their workout routine. Although gym facilities are a great place to work out, the monthly membership fees can be quite costly. Gyms are only open for limited hours and can be crowded. In the busy world we live in, individuals have hectic schedules and dealing with crowds of people at the gym can make a lot of people uneasy.
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This post originally posted on self.com. To read the full article please CLICK HERE The elliptical is a mainstay in the gym for good reason: it's easy on the joints and provides a great cardio and total-body workout. But the elliptical can also get pretty boring and repetitive, too. Instead of spending a mindless 30 minutes on the elliptical machine, maximize your time by doing one of these eight workouts instead. Whether you're a beginner, looking for a high-intensity interval workout, or want to challenge different muscles groups, there's an elliptical workout for you. There's even one for those of you who love the treadmill! Booty WorkoutTarget glutes and hamstrings by playing with the incline on the elliptical. This elliptical...
* Sample post - could link out to other websites with attribution. This post originally posted on prevention.com. To read the full article please CLICK HERE A treadmill comes in handy for those dark, cold days when you can't gather up the motivation to walk or run outside. Using one seems simple enough, but you can still develop bad habits that can sabotage your results—and even lead to injury. Here are the 10 most common treadmill blunders and how to correct them:1. You wear the wrong shoes.This is not a good time to be vain—so when selecting your sneakers, go for function before style, says Michele Olson, PhD, CSCS, professor of exercise science at Auburn University. Look for shoes with extra padding...


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Kirk Spitzer
Originally published 07/22/2013
Kirk Spitzer: Shinzo Abe, The Wild Card
Kirk Spitzer is a Tokyo-based freelance writer and former defense correspondent for USA Today and CBS News. TOKYO — Japanese voters are almost certain to give Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) an overwhelming victory in upper house elections on July 21. The election so far has focused largely on economic recovery -- and for once there's hope on the horizon. Abe's aggressive program of monetary easing and government spending has begun to jolt the economy out of nearly two decades of deflation and stagnation. The prime minister, who's been operating with only the lower house of the Diet backing him, is looking to regain a majority in the upper house to help push through his "third arrow" of structural reforms....

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Posted by Tom
Mr. Disrud was an outstanding attorney for my divorce case. He fought for my rights as a man in the proceedings, always kept me informed of what was going on, and he was easily accessible to discuss my case. He was extremely professional, very knowledgeable about the law and what I needed to do to protect my children's and my rights. I would highly recommend Mr. Disrud for any divorce case.
Posted by Frances
Mr. Disrud is very experienced and knowledgeable. He helped me through. a very difficult case with my mom. He was very patient and he ecplaned9 everything. I highly recommend him.F
Posted by Chris
Jon handled my divorce which included issues with a child out of state. This was a somewhat complex case as it was an issue where certain aspects started while I was out of state (Texas resident but assigned/military outside Texas and then came back to Texas to finish divorce). Jon did a great job managing not only our side but also moving the other side along as it delayed and attempted to bring issues that were not warranted. None of this is easy or fast (the easy shouldn't be but I think everyone wishes the fast in court/legal was) because it involves a lot of emotions and two potentially differing opinions. I would highly recommend Jon to any person that sadly must go through a divorce.
Posted by a client
We had a hearing today and Jon could not wait for sentencing until April , 2015 he made the decision without asking my son what he wanted to do. He acted like judge and jury and basically hung my son out to try. He didn't stay for the sentencing just ran out of the court. The judge was still looking for him.
I am filing suit and a grivience with the starte of Texas ba; he should never be allowed to practice law ever .
Posted by a client
Jon promised to take care of me as a client and did nothing of the sort. Jon was supposed to be representing me for a divorce and waited so long to file contempt charges that by the time the court date came around we were all of the sudden in mediation and Jon never used the contempt charges that the wife was to appear before a judge on during the same week we went to mediation as leverage. Jon just sat back and let it all play out. At the end of mediation Jon and the mediation lawyer proceed to colabarate with each other to put a parenting facilitator and require me to pay for it all and all mediation cost. Look out because his wife will come in and try and get involved too. His wife came into his firm and took off wife my entire file and she is not a lawyer. Obviously anyone knows that this is illegal. Your best bet is to find a lawyer that can look you in the eye and be honest to you from the very beginning. I would not recommend Jon.
Posted by Betty
I contacted this office 1 year ago. I was quoted a price from the office n then he quoted me another price. I agreed to pay 1500 retainer as long as the contract was written in the agreed quoted price. This office took my money n I never heard from them again. I never received a contract. This office stole my money. When I call the staff hang up n my face. I have sent emails n faxes. No response. My x that my case was going to be with is dying. I have been asking for my money since it was taken. I needed him to represent my child support case. My kids are now n their second semester n college. Please find another attorney. This office will embarrass you n make your problems 10 times worse.
Posted by Anne
Jon did an annulment for me. There were no complications at all. I would highly recommend him to anyone who needs a straightforward person who knows the law and will tell you the facts. He will not lie to you about anything.
Posted by Scott
I am very disappointed in the service that was provided by Mr. disrud. My case was dismissed and Mr. Disrud never tried to contact me one time to let me know what was happening. I tried calling him many times several days in a row and was promised to get a call back never got one! I finally got a letter stating that my case was dismissed and all Mr. Disrud did was tell me that he could recommend another lawyer. The whole time I was with Mr. Disrud I never once met him
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Posted by Tony
I am shocked that Mr. Disrud would be given such a horrible review by the previous person; he has always been a good attorney for me. I used him for my divorce, child support etc. and never had a problem with him. I can't understand why the prior review would even state that he was "asleep" during the court hearing. First of all the Judge will not let you sleep in court; hello!!!! Don't be mad because you did not get your way; accept what the law is and move on.


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The star of Netflix's Marco Polo says that Asian-Americans are beginning to "hold Hollywood accountable" in casting decisions.
A shepherd in Arhangay, Mongolia chats on a cell phone while tending to his herd. (Evgeni Zotov/Flickr)
Our latest Weekly Rewind, featuring some of the best Asia-related content you may have missed from the past seven days.
Our latest Weekly Rewind, featuring some of the best Asia-related content from the past seven days that you may have missed.
Up-and-coming Chinese composers Sam Wu, Qin Yi, and Zulan made their U.S. debuts on Asia Society's stage with three eclectic works in Shanghai/New York: Future Histories.
"The implications of a vacuum of global leadership are enormous," says Eurasia Group president Ian Bremmer. "It's already playing out today." In-person appearance at Asia Society New York on June 24.
China scholars Elizabeth Economy and Zha Daojiong contrast U.S. and Chinese approaches to investment and development worldwide. Panel discussion at Asia Society New York this Thursday, January 9.
A year ago, Asia Society Executive Vice President Tom Nagorski offered his predictions on Asia for the year ahead. How many of them came true?
Jung Chang's new biography means to overturn received wisdom about a central figure in modern Chinese history. Author appearance at Asia Society New York on November 12.
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What we do: Eye Exams for glasses and contacts, diabetic exams, pediatric and school exams, treatment for dry and allergy eyes, eye infection and injuries. New patients are welcome.
What we say: "Every patient deserves outstanding individualized care from a friendly and knowledgeable staff," Dr. Cecil said. "Since not all eye problems present with noticeable symptoms, it is very important to have regularly scheduled eye examinations."
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All Comments (19)
If she was my girl, I'd never leave those titties alone! My wife has a nice pair of double F's and she has to run from me if I see her naked! LOL
She's Nadine Jansen. U'r welcome ;)
Che latteria.....VIVA LA FIGA....:-)
We need to see the rest of her, because she has a beautiful body under her cloths.
sicuramente il tavolo e strapulito!
Ecco un'altra meraviglia della natura che mi piacerebbe sposare.
The music reminds me of the music in Blake Stone
si chiama Nadine, se viene a darmi una mano a pulire a casa mia mi metto a gambe aperte di fronte a lei e mi sditalino
i would jizz all over her
I had sex last night and i cumed on the sofa! The point is that sex is my life and if you want to have sex with me call me i am michelle and i am 26 with a sexy ass pussy and tits!!!!
what a stupid video.
I would tie them up tight
wow das wär ja sogar ne effektive auto wäsche
i wanna marry with you, baby...
i would cum all over her tits and bang her so hard doggey style


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The regulation and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and glucocorticoids have been well conserved across vertebrate species. Glucocorticoids influence a wide range of physiological functions that include glucose regulation, metabolism, inflammatory control, as well as cardiovascular, reproductive, and neuronal effects. Some of these are relatively quick-acting non-genomic effects, but most are slower-acting genomic effects. Thus, any stimulus that affects HPA function has the potential to exert wide-ranging short-term and long-term effects on much of vertebrate physiology. Here, we review the effects of social isolation on the functioning of the HPA axis in social species, and on glucocorticoid physiology in social mammals in particular. Evidence indicates that objective and perceived social isolation alter HPA regulation, although the nature and direction of the HPA response differs among species and across age. The inconsistencies in the direction and nature of HPA effects have implications for drawing cross-species conclusions about the effects of social isolation, and are particularly problematic for understanding HPA-related physiological processes in humans. The animal and human data are incommensurate because, for example, animal studies of objective isolation have typically not been modeled on, or for comparability with, the subjective experience of isolation in humans. An animal model of human isolation must be taken more seriously if we want to advance our understanding of the mechanisms for the effects of objective and perceived isolation in humans.
All vertebrates possess a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis that mediates physiological and behavioral change and adaptation through its regulation of corticosteroid production and release (Denver, 2009; Schulkin, 2011). Indeed, the emergence of the vertebrate lineage some 500 million years ago coincided with, and may have been impelled by, the evolution of steroid-specific receptors (e.g., mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid) from an ancestral nuclear receptor gene already evident in arthropods (Baker et al., 2007; Laudet et al., 1992). The regulation and function of the HPA axis and glucocorticoids (GCs) have been well conserved across vertebrate species (Schulkin, 2011). Glucocorticoids influence a wide range of physiological functions that include glucose regulation, metabolism, inflammatory control, as well as cardiovascular, reproductive, and neuronal effects. Some of these are relatively quick-acting non-genomic effects (Borski, 2000), but most are mediated by slower-acting genomic effects. Up to 20 percent of the expressed genome in a tissue is susceptible to the direct and indirect influences of GCs, estrogens, and androgens (Chrousos, 2010). Thus, any stimulus that affects HPA function has the potential to exert wide-ranging short-term and long-term effects on much of vertebrate physiology.
The HPA axis is exquisitely sensitive to internal and external environmental perturbations, as would be expected from a system that plays a crucial role in modifying physiology and behavior to subserve energy, immune, and survival needs. In social species, the HPA contributes to physiological and behavioral mechanisms that support a superorganismal (i.e., group) structure that enhances survival of children and grandchildren (Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009; Cameron et al., 2009; Silk et al., 2009; Waynforth, 2011). Thus, in social species, social isolation is a potent stressor that often leads to increases in cortisol (Cacioppo, Hawkley, Norman, & Berntson, 2011). In contrast, in solitary species such as the mouse lemur, substantial increases in cortisol are elicited when typically solitary animals are socially housed (Perret & Predine, 1984). A similar difference has been shown in the increased cortical response to isolation in the highly social prairie vole pup versus the solitary montane vole pup (Shapiro & Insel, 1990). The regulation of HPA activity by the presence of some aspects of sociality has been reviewed previously (e.g., Blanchard et al., 2001; DeVries et al., 2003; Hennessy, Kaiser, & Sachser, 2009), but to date, research on the regulation of HPA activity in the absence of social others has not undergone a similar review. Here, we review the effects of social isolation on the functioning of the HPA axis in social species, and on glucocorticoid physiology in social mammals in particular. We include the effects on HPA functioning of perceived social isolation in humans. Perceived isolation is not synonymous with objective isolation. People can lead relatively solitary lives and still feel connected to others, and conversely, people can lead ostensibly rich social lives but feel disconnected and lonely nevertheless. Loneliness is defined as a distressing feeling that accompanies the perception that one's social needs are not being met by the quantity or especially the quality of one's social relationships (Peplau & Perlman, 1982). Its effects on HPA functioning are relevant in light of the fact that perceived isolation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, even after adjusting for objective isolation (Hawkley & Cacioppo, 2010; Luo et al., 2012).
How does social isolation pose a threat to social mammals? Social species are characterized by structured group living in which the survival of individuals is dependent on the safety and security afforded by a social group. Living on the social perimeter is dangerous. Without the ongoing nurturance and protection of parents, offspring do not survive to reproduce. Without the benefit of shared defense and protection afforded by a protective group, individual members are vulnerable to environmental threats and fall prey to faster and stronger predators. Without the social transmission of foraging skills, the challenges of finding food limit survival. Without sharing the effort of finding food, energy demands on the individual are vastly increased. Of course, individuals may cheat the group by seeking and securing the benefits without contributing to the costs. Nevertheless, individuals' survival and reproductive success are greatly enhanced in the group and may be terminally compromised in isolation.
Importantly, individuals may choose to be alone at times and will still feel connected to others. A securely attached infant does just this when he moves away from his mother to explore his surroundings but nevertheless feels as if he can depend on her when needed. Feeling isolated, however, is tantamount to being alone against one's choice or being among others whom one feels cannot be trusted. Accordingly, perceptions of social isolation increase the individual's attention to negative or threatening aspects of the social environment in humans (Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009), just as objective isolation does in non-human social species. In fact, loneliness, like objective isolation, is unlikely to exist without hypervigilance for social threat. Moreover, perceived isolation and its affective, cognitive, and behavioral sequelae activate the support of physiologically responsive systems (Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009; Hawkley & Cacioppo, 2010). Although the physiological ramifications may differ between objective and subjective isolation, the highly responsive HPA axis would be expected to register the threat of real or perceived isolation and alter physiology and behavior accordingly. We begin by reviewing the physiology and measurement of HPA functioning.
The HPA axis controls circulating GC levels through a cascade that starts with hypothalamic secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the paraventricular nucleus into the hypophyseal portal circulatory system, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Circulating ACTH, in turn, is the key regulator of adrenal secretion of GC hormones (cortisol in humans and most other mammals; corticosterone in rodents). CRH is secreted in a circadian, pulsatile fashion that is largest in the early morning hours. Diurnal variations in ACTH and cortisol follow suit, resulting in a typical diurnal cycle in which cortisol levels reach their peak shortly after awakening, decrease over the course of the day, and reach their nadir about three hours after sleep onset.
Glucocorticoid regulation is accomplished systemically via a negative feedback loop involving higher structures of the HPA axis whereby increases in circulating cortisol concentrations inhibit CRH secretion from the hypothalamus and diminish the production of ACTH in the pituitary gland by binding to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR and MR, respectively); both processes lead to a decrease in cortisol secretion from the adrenal gland. At the cellular level, cortisol production is controlled by the activity of local enzymes, particularly the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2). Whereas 11β-HSD1 converts the biologically inactive cortisone to active cortisol, 11β-HSD2 converts cortisol to inactive cortisone (Seckl & Walker, 2001).
Systemic GC regulation is influenced by the degree of HPA axis sensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback. Glucocorticoid sensitivity at the level of the pituitary can be assessed by administering dexamethasone (i.e., the dexamethasone suppression test, DST), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid that inhibits cortisol through suppression of pituitary ACTH secretion. The degree of cortisol inhibition is in large part a function of the responsiveness of glucocorticoid receptors in the pituitary, although neurotransmitters and cytokines that affect HPA target tissues (Turnbull & Rivier, 1995) also contribute to the cortisol response to dexamethasone (Yehuda et al., 2003). Using a DST, glucocorticoid resistance is indicated by a reduction in the ability of dexamethasone to inhibit endogenous cortisol release.
Glucocorticoid sensitivity can also be assessed in individual tissues. Leukocytes, for example, possess glucocorticoid receptors that regulate a variety of functions, including proliferation, trafficking, and cytokine production. In vitro application of dexamethasone can be used to assess the sensitivity of leukocytes to the influence of GCs on these functions. Some research has indicated that GC sensitivity differs among target tissues (Ebrecht et al., 2000), but there is evidence that glucocorticoid sensitivity of the leukocyte is correlated with sensitivity at the pituitary (Lowy et al., 1988; Yehuda et al., 2003). In addition, leukocyte sensitivity to cortisol differs as a function of levels of cortisol. For instance, Sauer et al. (1995) found a positive correlation between in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to the mitogen, PHA (phytohemagglutinin), and degree of cortisol-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis in students under academic stress when cortisol levels were high. In contrast, this correlation was negative in the same students when not under academic stress and cortisol levels were lower. In other words, sensitivity of lymphocytes to the inhibitory effects of cortisol decreases with increased HPA activity. Effects consistent with this pattern of results were recently reported by Cohen et al. (2012), who found the expected positive correlation between cortisol levels and the circulating proportion of neutrophils relative to lymphocytes (a measure of glucocorticoid sensitivity) among non-stressed individuals, but found no correlation among those who had experienced a major stress (Cohen et al., 2012).
The direct effects of social isolation on basal activity of the HPA axis have been examined in a number of species (Table 1). In non-primate mammals, social isolation is associated with higher basal levels of plasma ACTH and/or corticosterone in some studies (Chida, Sudo, & Kubo, 2005; Dronjak et al., 2004; Ferland & Schrader, 2011; Kanitz et al., 2004; Perelló et al., 2006; Pournajafi-Nazarloo, et al., 2011; Ruscio et al, 2007; Weintraub, Singaravelu, & Bhatnagar, 2010), lower levels in other studies (Djordjevic et al., 2010; Hermes et al., 2005; Sánchez et al., 1998; Serra et al., 2005; Weintraub et al., 2010), and has been indistinguishable from levels in group-housed animals in yet other studies (Castro & Matt, 1997; Grippo, Cushing, & Carter, 2007; Grippo, Gerena, et al., 2007; Pournajafi-Nazarloo, et al., 2011; Scaccianoce et al., 2006; Stowe et al., 2005; Toth et al., 2011; Weiss et al., 2004; White et al., 1999). Inconsistent findings have been noted previously (Mason, 2000; Serra et al., 2007), and may be attributable to species differences and/or differences in the nature of the social isolation procedures, the age at which the animals were isolated, and the duration of their isolation. For instance, in socially monogamous female and male prairie voles, the effects of social isolation on corticosterone depend on chronicity of isolation. A single 1-hr period of isolation or 4 weeks of daily 1-hr periods of isolation resulted in significant increases in plasma corticosterone levels, but chronic isolation for 4 weeks did not affect plasma corticosterone levels (Pournajafi-Nazarloo, et al., 2011).
Serra et al. (2007) suggested that chronic isolation, even if it has no discernible effect on basal glucocorticoid levels, induces a "facilitatory trace" (Akana et al., 1992) that enhances HPA responsiveness to new stressors. Research has borne this out using acute stressors that range from immobilization, cold stress, acoustic startle, and foot shock, to induced cardiac arrest or stroke (e.g., Norman et al., 2010). Consistent with the idea of priming the HPA axis with chronic isolation, corticosterone responses to acute stress have been shown to be significantly larger in mice, rats, and hamsters subjected to long-term isolation (21 days to 18 weeks) compared to group-housed control animals (Detillion et al., 2004; Dronjak, et al., 2004; Ferland & Schrader, 2011; Grippo, Cushing, & Carter, 2007; Grippo, Gerena, et al., 2007; Hermes et al., 2005; Toth et al., 2011; Weintraub et al., 2010; Weiss, et al., 2004; Williams et al., 2009; but see decreased corticosterone responses in Djordjevic et al., 2010 and Sánchez et al., 1998). Social isolation has also been shown to increase cortisol responses to stress in larger domestic mammals such as pigs and cattle (Creel & Albright, 1988; Kanitz et al., 2009).
In non-human primate species, both acute and chronic isolation have been shown to increase levels of basal cortisol. Captive adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) responded to a brief 15-minute period of social isolation with significant increases in salivary cortisol (Cross, Pines, & Rogers, 2004). Similarly, marmosets (Callithrix kuhli) subjected to 11 hours of isolation exhibited increased cortisol (Smith & French, 1997). In Geoffroy's marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi), prolonged social isolation (6–20 weeks) in adulthood prior to cohabitation with an opposite sex partner increased cortisol levels and social proximity, and tended to increase allo-grooming behavior. Urinary cortisol levels remained consistently higher in previously isolated animals over the course of the 90-day cohabitation period than in the animals who had remained with their natal group prior to cohabitation (Smith, Birnie, & French, 2011). Juvenile rhesus monkeys subjected to four sequential 4-day separations from their mothers or peer groups exhibited significantly and persistently elevated levels of plasma cortisol (Higley, Suomi, & Linnoila, 1992). In contrast, squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) who had been subjected to repeated 4–6 hour bouts of isolation over a period of two months in early life (pre-weaning) showed significantly lower levels of cortisol at two and three years of age than their non-isolated counterparts (Levine & Mody, 2003). Similarly, rhesus monkeys isolated for one month at birth exhibited lower levels of cortisol (in hair) at puberty (2 and 3.5 yrs of age) than their non-isolated counterparts (Feng et al., 2011). The developmental timing of isolation is critical, however, and pre-weaning effects may differ systematically from post-weaning effects (e.g., Weiss et al., 2001), and effects measured years after the social isolation procedure may elicit a different pattern of effects than those measured immediately after isolation. In addition, non-human primate species differences in the nature of their social bonds may contribute to differences in the effects of social isolation as exemplified in, for instance, infants with attachment versus affiliative bonds (Hennessy, 1997) and adult animals with monogamous versus polygynous mating systems (Mendoza & Mason, 1986; Mendoza, Capitanio, & Mason, 2000).
Effective glucocorticoid feedback inhibition is critical to HPA regulation, and social isolation has been shown to influence these processes, as well. In rats, a 3-week period of isolation in early life followed by 2 weeks of group-rearing resulted in exaggerated recovery of corticosterone levels to below basal levels two hours after an acute restraint stress, indicating heightened negative feedback of the HPA axis in response to acute stress (Lukkes et al., 2009). In contrast, rats chronically isolated for 4 weeks in early life and not subjected to an acute stress exhibited impaired negative feedback regulation of HPA activity; a higher dose of dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) was needed to suppress corticosterone in isolated than in group-housed rats (Serra et al., 2005). Moreover, intracerebroventricular infusions of corticotrophin releasing factor increased plasma corticosterone levels to a greater degree in isolated than group-housed rats. Despite evidence of impaired negative feedback, isolated rats had lower basal levels of plasma ACTH, suggesting that ACTH regulation in these animals is more complicated and may involve other regulatory pathways (Serra et al., 2005).
Juvenile squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) individually housed for seven days exhibited morning levels of cortisol that were 32% higher than levels when the same animals were housed in groups (Lyons, Ha, & Levine, 1995; see also, Lyons et al., 1999). ACTH levels, on the other hand, were significantly lower when animals were individually housed than when group housed. Dexamethasone was administered to suppress secretion of endogenous ACTH, and was followed the next morning with a bolus injection of ACTH to assess adrenal responsiveness. Results revealed that individually housed monkeys exhibited a significantly larger and longer-lasting increase in cortisol than monkeys consistently housed in groups. Together, the results indicate that increased morning cortisol in isolated monkeys is due to enhanced adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, and low basal ACTH levels suggest effective glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of pituitary ACTH (Lyons et al., 1995). Similarly, in pre-weaning squirrel monkeys, periodic removal of animals from the natal group enhanced cortisol-induced suppression of ACTH in response to CRF injection (Lyons et al., 2000). However, in adult and juvenile baboons (Papio cynocephalus), relative social isolation (i.e., negative deviations from median values on a composite measure of social connectedness) was associated with elevated levels of basal cortisol and tended to be associated with dexamethasone resistance (Sapolsky, Alberts, & Altmann, 1997). Glucocorticoid resistance differences between squirrel monkeys and baboons may be attributable to differences in the age of the animals (juvenile monkeys vs. adult and juvenile baboons), but may also reflect species differences. Unique features of HPA physiology in the squirrel monkey relative to the baboon and other Old World primates include exceedingly high but non-pathological levels of cortisol and low affinity GRs for cortisol (Reynolds et al., 1999).
In humans, researchers typically operationalize objective social isolation in terms of extent; social network size is a common index of degree of isolation. In healthy middle-aged men and women from the Whitehall II cohort, social isolation was assessed by summing the number of close persons in participants' social networks. Socially isolated individuals—those who had fewer close persons in their network—exhibited a larger cortisol awakening response and greater total cortisol output over the course of a day (Grant, Hamer, & Steptoe, 2009).
A study conducted several decades ago indirectly tested the effect of relative social isolation on HPA activity by assigning socially inactive elderly adults in a senior citizen apartment to a social activation program (social events, special interest groups) and comparing the neuroendocrine effects with those observed in a control group of socially inactive residents on another floor of the building. In comparison with the residents in the social activation program, residents in the control group showed a significant decrease in height over a 6-month period as well as a decrease in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and an increase in plasma cortisol at the 3-month follow-up (Arnetz et al., 1983). The height finding is particularly interesting in light of the adverse effect of cortisol on bone mineral density and bone loss with age (Dennison et al., 1999).
Studies of subjective isolation provide another window on the effects of isolation on HPA function. In young adults, loneliness has been associated with increased levels of early morning and late night cortisol (Pressman et al., 2005) and, if chronic, with elevated daily cortisol output (Cacioppo et al., 2000). Trait loneliness has also been associated with a flattened diurnal cortisol rhythm, whereas daily variations in feelings of loneliness have been associated with the cortisol awakening response; the greater the feeling of loneliness on the prior day, the larger the increase in salivary cortisol during the 30 minutes post-awakening the following morning (Doane & Adam, 2010). A larger cortisol awakening response has also been observed in middle-aged and older adults, prospectively as a function of prior day's feelings of loneliness (Adam et al., 2006) and in association with trait levels of loneliness (Steptoe et al., 2004).
To date, only one study of loneliness differences in sensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback has been reported. This recent research has employed a novel functional measure of glucocorticoid insensitivity that is based on the logic that exposure to glucocorticoids alters the distribution of leukocytes in circulation. Namely, cortisol stimulates an increase in circulating concentrations of neutrophils and a decrease in concentrations of lymphocytes and monocytes such that the greater the exposure to cortisol the greater should be the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) or monocytes (NMR). In a study of approximately 1,500 older Taiwanese adults, loneliness was associated with an attenuation of the relationship between overnight urinary cortisol levels (an integrative measure of HPA activity during the hours prior to blood collection) and the NLR and NMR, indicating resistance of the leukocytes to cortisol (Cole, 2008).
The exaggerated effect of acute stress on HPA activity in socially isolated animals has implications for processes regulated by glucocorticoids. For instance, corticosterone responses to acute stress in socially isolated animals affect neuronal activity. Whereas running induced hippocampal neurogenesis in group housed rats, it suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis in individually housed rats, an effect that was attributable to larger corticosterone responses to the additional stress of handling and injection in isolated relative to group-housed runners (Stranahan et al., 2006).
In addition, increased cortisol in isolated animals influences immune processes. In vitro assays of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed a dose-dependent cortisol resistance in pigs at 7, 21, and 35 days of age after a single 4-hr period of postnatal social isolation relative to control animals (Tuchscherer et al., 2010). On the other hand, the cortisol response to peripheral LPS after repeated social isolation (i.e., 2 hours daily from Days 3 to 11), did not differ from that seen in control piglets (Tuchscherer et al., 2004). Immobilization stress resulted in increased cortisol and impaired wound healing in individually housed but not pair-housed hamsters. In isolated hamsters, removal of cortisol via adrenalectomy abolished the effect of stress on wound healing, and blocking of the cortisol stress response via treatment with oxytocin facilitated wound healing. Conversely, treating the pair-housed hamsters with an oxytocin antagonist delayed wound healing (Detillion et al., 2004). The wound healing effects in this study are consistent with the known immunosuppressive effects of cortisol and also indicate that species-typical sociality buffers HPA activity through the actions of the prototypical social bonding hormone, oxytocin. Thus, social isolation produces exaggerated HPA responses while simultaneously diminishing the potency of HPA-buffering effects of sociality. It is notable in this context that, in humans, prolonged isolation from parents during childhood is associated with diminished central sensitivity to the dampening effects of oxytocin on cortisol secretion in adult men (Meinlschmidt & Heim, 2007).
Loneliness has been associated with impaired cellular and humoral immunity. In lonely relative to nonlonely nonpsychotic psychiatric patients, elevations in urinary levels of cortisol were accompanied by lower natural killer cell activity and poorer T-lymphocyte response to mitogen stimulation (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1984a, Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1984b), consistent with the known immunosuppressive effects of cortisol. In response to acute stress, however, loneliness has been associated with a larger natural killer cell response (Steptoe et al., 2004). Other studies have shown that reactivation of latent herpes virus (Glaser et al., 1985) and Epstein-Barr virus (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1984c) is greater in lonely than nonlonely individuals, effects that are consistent with glucocorticoid immunosuppression of cellular control of latent virus. Humoral responses to an influenza vaccine also differ as a function of loneliness: greater loneliness was associated with a smaller antibody response to Fluzone vaccine (Pressman et al., 2005). Although cortisol levels were also elevated in lonely individuals, cortisol was not found to mediate the effect of loneliness on antibody response.
The primary upstream determinant of circulating levels of glucocorticoids involves the regulation of the expression of genes that control the synthesis of hypothalamic CRH, pituitary ACTH, adrenal corticosterone (cortisol in humans), and the corticoid receptors. These genes are within reach of the influence of social isolation. In the study of prairie voles mentioned above (Pournajafi-Nazarloo et al., 2011), a single 1-hr period of isolation or 4 weeks of daily 1-hr periods of isolation resulted in increased CRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and increased CRH-R1 (corticotrophin releasing hormone-receptor 1) mRNA expression in the pituitary. Chronic isolation for 4 weeks, on the other hand, had no effect on hypothalamic or pituitary CRH or CRH-R1 mRNA (Pournajafi-Nazarloo et al., 2011; but see Pan et al., 2009). These results are consistent with elevated corticosterone levels observed in acutely isolated animals and unchanged corticosterone levels in chronically isolated animals relative to pair-housed animals. Similarly, in rats, neither corticosterone levels nor hippocampal MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) and GR mRNA expression differed between chronically isolated and control animals (Weiss et al., 2004).
In domestic piglets, social isolation-induced changes in gene expression were consistent with accomplishing effective negative feedback at the level of the hippocampus and hypothalamus, primary central feedback target regions. Specifically, a single 4-hour period of social isolation on day 7 or day 21 of life was sufficient to upregulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in hypothalamus, and to upregulate 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression in hypothalamus and hippocampus compared to expression changes in control animals (Kanitz, et al., 2009). In contrast, in piglets briefly isolated for 15 min just prior to euthanasia compared with expression in non-isolated animals, frontal cortex showed decreased expression, and hippocampus showed no change in expression, of genes for GR and MR and the dehydrogenases, 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 (Poletto et al., 2006). Study differences in the effects of isolation may be attributable in part to the duration of isolation and in part to the areas of the brain examined for gene expression changes. In non-human primates, a study of marmosets isolated for 30–120 minutes at one month of age and tested at adolescence showed modestly reduced hippocampal expression of mRNA for mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, but no change in these RNA's in hypothalamus or prefrontal cortex (Arabadzisz et al., 2010).
As was noted above, the function of GCs has been well conserved in social mammals. For instance, in non-human animals, prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids reduces birthweight and causes permanent hypertension, hyperglycemia, and increased HPA activity; in humans, low birthweight infants have higher levels of glucocorticoids and this increase in HPA activity precedes the development of high blood pressure, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperlipidemia (Seckl & Meaney, 2004). These health conditions all have a substantial inflammatory component. This commonality lends import to recent findings linking perceived isolation with a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile (Cole et al., 2007, 2011). Specifically, genome-wide microarray analyses revealed significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and bioinformatic indication of activated NF-κB transcription factor) and downregulation of anti-inflammatory markers (e.g., bioinformatic indications of reduced transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor) in lonely relative to socially connected middle and older-age adults (Cole et al., 2007, 2011).
There are two major pathways through which we hypothesize loneliness might affect NF-κB and inflammatory signaling more broadly. One involves direct effects of loneliness-related increases in sympathetic nervous system/beta-adrenergic signaling in increasing the basal activation level of NF-κB (Bierhaus et al., 2003) and other pro-inflammatory transcription factors (e.g., Cole et al., 2010), effects that are independent of any change in GR function. The second pathway involves loneliness-related reductions in basal activity of the anti-inflammatory GR transcription factor, and the resulting permissive de-repression of basal NF-κB and other pro-inflammatory transcription factors to establish a new basal homeostatic set-point involving increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes (as reviewed in De Bosscher, Vanden Berghe, & Haegeman, 2006). In this scenario, loneliness-related changes in physiologic function are hypothesized to lead to reduced functional activity of the GR, and a resulting increase in basal inflammatory set-point of the NF-κB transcription factor that it inhibits. These processes signify influences on HPA functioning that may explain increased risk of inflammatory disease in chronically lonely individuals.
The responsivity of the HPA axis to the perturbation of social isolation is apparent across a range of social mammals. Social isolation represents a survival threat to social species, and physiology has been sculpted to mount an appropriate response. Increased levels of glucocorticoids mobilize energy and dampen inflammation in a presumably adaptive fashion. These effects are particularly evident in response to acute periods of social isolation and to additional acute stress in animals already dealing with the stress of isolation. In humans, perceived isolation is a painful stimulus that has been posited to be adaptive (Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009) because it motivates the formation and nurture of social connections, connections that help regulate physiology and ensure survival. However, when the need for social connections is not satisfied and the pain of isolation persists, HPA dysregulation is more likely to ensue. In human and non-human animals, chronic isolation alters HPA functioning and regulation in ways that are less easily interpreted as adaptive. Instead, chronic isolation has been associated with changes in gene expression and an increased likelihood of glucocorticoid resistance, outcomes that heighten risk for inflammatory processes, reduced immune responses, and disease.
Reduced immune responses and impaired wound healing may seem maladaptive given that an isolated animal is more vulnerable to attack from conspecifics or predators. Evolution should arguably have favored isolation-induced immune enhancement. Such an argument was forwarded by Cole et al. (2011), where perceived social isolation, a circumstance that would be expected to increase risk of bacterial infection through its association with increased hostility and social conflict, was associated with a gene transcription profile that favored innate antibacterial and T-helper 2 adaptive immune responses over antiviral and T-helper 1 immune responses. In contrast, for socially connected individuals in socially affine conditions, an environment that would be expected to increase risk of viral infection, the transcriptional profile favored innate antiviral over antibacterial immune responses.
The principle of shifting the immune response toward anticipated bacterial threats may hold, but additional factors superimposed on social isolation may take precedence and determine the observed immune response. Specifically, data indicate that impairment in the early inflammatory response, during which infection is controlled, is attributable to acute or chronic stress, not social isolation per se, in both human and animal models of wound healing (DeVries et al., 2007; Vileikyte, 2007). For instance, isolation alone was insufficient to alter wound healing rates in hamsters (Detillion et al., 2004). Only isolated animals subjected to restraint stress exhibited impaired wound healing relative to isolated-no stress and paired-stress or paired no-stress animals. In humans, a meta-analytic review of 22 studies concluded that stress (operationalized as stress appraisals, life events, chronic stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms) was significantly associated with impaired wound healing (Walburn et al., 2009). Notably, the two studies that included a measure of perceived social isolation or loneliness failed to find an association with wound healing and found, instead, that perceived stress (Ebrecht et al., 2004) or dysphoria (Bosch et al., 2007) were associated with impaired wound healing in these same subjects.
Cortisol appears responsible for dampening the inflammatory response that characterizes early stages of wound healing (Padgett, Marucha, & Sheridan, 1998). In the hamster study by Detillion et al. (2004), isolated animals exhibited a significantly higher cortisol response to restraint stress than pair-housed animals. This should not be surprising given that restraint stress (i.e., physical immobilization) is a very significant condition for any animal, much less an already vulnerable socially isolated animal. Thus, even if social isolation inclines the immune system toward an antibacterial response, the addition of a stress like immobilization could arguably be expected to divert the vulnerable isolated animal's energy (including glucocorticoids) toward heightened vigilance, trying to find the group, etc., rather than to wound healing. Additional stress may be the proverbial straw that breaks the socially isolated animal's immune system, at least in early stages of the inflammatory response.
Isolation-induced HPA dysregulation may manifest differently at different ages, a phenomenon that can perhaps be best understood in evolutionary terms. Social isolation may represent a different survival challenge to an infant or pre-weaning animal than it does to a sexually mature or aged animal. To a human infant or pre-weaning animal, survival requires not only a reliable caregiver but also protection against the adverse consequences of elevated glucocorticoids on the developing central nervous system (Sapolsky & Meaney, 1986). This may explain the hyporesponsiveness of pre-weaning animals and human infants to stress (Gunnar & Donzella, 2001; Sapolsky & Meaney, 1986), a phenomenon that has been postulated to buffer the HPA axis and ensure its healthy development. Good mothering, defined in rats as frequent and regular licking and grooming, effectively protects the infant brain by maintaining low glucocorticoid levels in the infant (Meaney, 2001), illustrating the importance of the quality of the parental connection for the survival and neural protection of offspring.
Post-weaning and sexually mature animals, on the other hand, are confronted with survival challenges that emphasize heightened HPA sensitivity to environmental input as this may determine their reproductive strategies (Ruscio et al., 2007). Physiological trade-offs between the reproductive and immune systems are common (Martin, Weil, & Nelson, 2008), and sexual maturity would be expected to differentially influence the primacy of immunity versus reproduction. In broad evolutionary terms, the threat to survival posed by social isolation should, in a post-weaning sexually immature animal, preferentially shift energy to immune defenses to preserve its own survival to reproductive age. In contrast, evolutionary pressures would be expected to have primed an isolated sexually mature animal to preferentially shift energy to accelerated and intensified reproductive efforts before it's too late to perpetuate one's genes. These scenarios are supported by our argument that the pain of social isolation motivates individuals to return to their social group where they will find safety and enhanced likelihood of survival, and where reproductive activity is most likely to occur. Importantly, increased glucocorticoid output that accompanies social isolation does not necessarily inhibit reproduction. Recent research has shown that although stress-related cytokines such as TNF-alpha activate the HPA and inhibit the HPG (hypothalamic pituitary gonadal) axis, glucocorticoids protect activity of the HPG. Specifically, GCs inhibit COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in the brain, thus inhibiting PG synthesis and protecting the secretion of luteinizing hormone, a key reproductive hormone released by the pituitary (Matsuwaki et al., 2006). In the context of social isolation, increased glucocorticoid output provides the energy to accomplish immune and reproductive goals.
Cortisol is in itself incapable of adverse or advantageous effects; only binding to the receptor enables its functional consequences. This places a premium on understanding regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor, and isolation-induced changes in gene expression in humans and non-human primates appear to be a promising avenue of future research. Additional research is needed to determine the extent to which social isolation acts directly on upstream HPA-related gene expression and indirectly through, for example, proinflammatory cytokines that influence glucocorticoid gene expression directly or indirectly through their activation of the NF-κB transcriptional pathway. Functional assessments to evaluate the extent to which changes in gene expression are reflected in protein production (e.g., GR's) will help elucidate a possible mechanism for enhanced morbidity and mortality risk in isolated individuals. In this regard, GR subtypes could be quantified to evaluate the effect on glucocorticoid resistance of imbalances in the ratio of GRα to GRβ GRα is the active form responsible for initiating glucocorticoid effects, whereas inactive GRβ competes with GRα for the binding of glucocorticoid response element, thus inhibiting GR actions (Barnes & Adcock, 2009).
Our review of the research linking social isolation and HPA functioning revealed some consistency within species and across some animal species. As is shown in Table 1, however, inconsistencies are also evident in the direction and nature of HPA effects within and across species. These inconsistencies have implications for drawing cross-species conclusions about the effects of social isolation, and are particularly problematic for understanding HPA-related physiological processes in humans. The animal and human data are incommensurate because, for example, animal studies of objective isolation have typically not been modeled on, or for comparability with, the subjective experience of isolation in humans. An animal model of human isolation must be taken more seriously if we want to advance our understanding of the mechanisms for the effects of objective and perceived isolation in humans. A model of isolation in animals that is conceptually equivalent to perceived isolation in humans is not sufficient, of course. Measurements (type, timing) have to be expanded to see whether and how the animal model is relevant for humans. For instance, research in humans has tended to find an association between loneliness and an increased cortisol response to awakening and/or a flatter diurnal slope, but research in animals has focused on basal glucocorticoid levels or stress responses. Do isolated animals exhibit an elevated cortisol awakening response? Does the cortisol awakening response represent anticipated demands of the environment as has been suggested by human research (Adam et al., 2006)? Cortisol measurement in humans needs to be considered more carefully as well. Publications are littered with inconsistencies at least in part because researchers employ different cortisol parameters (morning levels, awakening response, evening levels, diurnal slope, area under the curve, plasma vs. saliva, etc.) or choose to report only those parameters that have significant associations with the predictor or outcome of interest. Careful selection and comprehensive reporting of cortisol parameters are important considerations to facilitate cross-species and cross-study comparisons.
Of course, to capitalize on an animal model, research in humans must be informed by animal findings and reciprocate in parallel fashion to ensure the integrity of the model. For instance, research in animals could identify behavioral phenotypes that distinguish between animals that could be construed as lonely or not, and, in parallel, research in humans could generate, as nearly as possible, an equivalent behavioral phenotype in humans that does not rely solely on explicit self-reports of isolation or loneliness. If the human behavioral phenotype of loneliness exhibits a similar pattern of correlations with outcomes as is exhibited with self-reported loneliness, this may permit greater comparability of findings across animal and human phenotypes.
Finally, the matchless advantage of an animal model of human isolation is the capacity to conduct invasive experimental studies that provide inroads into mechanisms for the effects of isolation on HPA activity and its diverse consequences in humans AND animals. One of the mechanistic questions of interest is the extent to which social isolation has a direct effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression, including expression of genes in the glucocorticoid receptor family, and an indirect effect on gene expression through the effects of social isolation on circulating glucocorticoids and other neuroendocrine and immune signals. Beyond gene expression, a mechanistic question of interest is how, when, and in which tissue(s) altered gene expression is translated into changes in functional proteins. HPA activity has the potential to exert wide-ranging short-term and long-term effects on much of vertebrate physiology. The potential health implications for humans are substantial. We challenge researchers to undertake both animal and human studies with heightened attention to the development of a unified model of social isolation, the integration of findings across species, and the specification of boundary conditions that account for differences among species.
This research was supported by the National Institute on Aging (R01-AG036433 to L.C. Hawkley, and R01-AG033590 and R01-AG034052 to J. T. Cacioppo); the National Cancer Institute (R01-CA116778 to S. W. Cole), and the National Institute on Health (P51 RR000169 to the California National Primate Research Center [J.P. Capitanio]).
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\lee-VEE-oh Zhawn Charles\
Livio Philippe Jean-Charles
Position: Forward ▪ Shoots: Right
Height: 6-9 ▪ Weight: 217 lbs.
Born: November 8, 1993 in Cayenne, French Guiana
Draft: San Antonio Spurs, 1st round (28th pick, 28th overall), 2013 NBA Draft
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Lowe London has released a new television spot for John Lewis, a Christmas ad that sees a pile of gifts from the store piled up and then lit to cast a shadow of the pressies' intended recipient against the wall. The spot is elegantly shot but instead of making me want to rush to John Lewis, it immediately made me think of the work of YBA artists Tim Noble & Sue Webster, who famously created Dirty White Trash (With Gulls) in 1998, amongst other artworks incorporating the use of shadows.
Tim Noble & Sue Webster, Dirty White Trash (With Gulls), 1998
Ed Morris, executive creative director at Lowe, agrees that Noble & Webster came up when discussing the concept for the ad, although states that the idea of shadow casting was already on the table before their work was discussed, and in fact that he was equally inspired by the May Annual cover of Creative Review, shot by photographer Dan Tobin Smith.
Dan Tobin Smith's Annual cover for the May issue of CR
"Bizarrely, it wasn't inspired by [Noble & Webster]," he says. "We did look at their work, but discovered that their art isn't an actual cast of the objects in front of it – their images are constructed by a projection above and the whole thing is an illusion. Some people will say, 'no that's bullshit, they just looked at the work'. But it's a slightly different thing even if overall there's a strong similarity."
One of Lowe's poster ads for the John Lewis Christmas campaign, shot by Nadav Kander
Another shadow work by Noble & Webster
The shadow in Lowe's ad is genuine, and the spot required rigorous rehearsal by dancers to correctly film in one take. This devotion to accuracy, whatever the cost, is a trait witnessed before when art and advertising have collided, most notably in Cog (widely believed to be inspired by Fischli & Weiss' The Way Things Go), where over 600 takes were done to get it right.
In spite of this difference, however, the striking visual similarities between the ad and the artworks beg the question of whether, when the artworks were brought to light, a new direction couldn't or shouldn't have been taken. Instead, as it is, I am left with the feeling that the agency is falling back on a technicality and that, once again, the campaign is a case of advertising being a bit too literally "influenced" by art, without offering the artists anything in exchange.
Creative Review contacted Tim Noble & Sue Webster to ask what they thought about Lowe's John Lewis campaign, and they offered this concise response: "We don't like it."


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These little containers are perfect for my Lunchbag.
These are not big enough for standard food storage in the fridge, but I knew that when I bought them. I wanted small glass containers for individual size servings of home made ice cream and frozen yogurt and these are perfect for that use! Just the right size for ONE serving.
We had looked in stores for this storage set and was not able to find it. We had looked for several weeks. I looked online and there it was! I ordered it and it arrived in a short time. Now we have what we wanted and know where to go when looking next time.
I love these little cups for portion control and ease to cover up and protect food. I prefer to microwave in glass and avoid plastics. The ease from oven or microwave to frig or freezer in very convenient. Great snack cups too!
The bowls and lids are well-made and feel sturdy. I love that these bowls can be used in the freezer, fridge, microwave, and even the oven -- way more versatile than plastic, plus no worries about pitting or odors!
Nice quality in both the bowls and covers. Covers are sturdy and seal very well (takes a little effort to get them off). Seem quite durable and are a nice size for desserts or in my case, cat food servings.
These are a great replacement for my plastic containers that are used for leftovers. Leftovers can be reheated without worrying whether they will melt or discolor the container. Lids are tight, too.
I'm very pleased what a great value, plus your can freeze and of course oven or mirco. I had a hard time finding this product. I'm glad that I had order over the internet.
handy for small amounts of leftovers can be difficult to take off lid...probably due to small size was dissapointed that the lids stained so easily from food (tomato, especially)


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Cherry, almond and herb salad is the perfect complement to grilled dishes.
Ingrid bakes a traditional rosca de reyes, or Three Kings fruitcake.
Michael uses a traditional Italian fruitcake, panettonne, in his stuffing.
Bobby serves his Cinnamon-Mascarpone Pancakes with cherries and hazelnuts.
Sunny's cornbread upside down cake is a Southern take on an old favorite.
Michael mixes a pitcher of Manhattans with an Italian twist.
The Bing Cherry blends cherry and citrus notes in a winning combination.
Debi Mazar, Gabriele Corcos & family pull together to create a great meal.
Kelsey's Cherry Lime Vanilla Glacier re-creates a favorite childhood treat.
G takes a shine to a pair of sweet cocktails made with flavored moonshine.
Get Cooking Channel on your TV.


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Wonderful helper,
Verified Purchase(What's this?)
I was little hesitant to buy this, I thought it could one of another those things they have created that looks good but it's not that great... well, I was wrong, it's actually VERY good. I have a golden retriever with lots of hair, so I can see hair floating around the house every time it's sunny outside. I love my dog, but I need to be very patient with the hair all over my place. This FURminator has been really helpful, I brush her twice a week and I'm impress with the amount of hair I get. I'm quite happy with this.
Review Details
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Location: Michigan
Top Reviewer Ranking: 743,581


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ALPHARETTA, Ga. -- Cambia Security, Inc. today announced that its security policy enforcement software, Cambia CM, now includes prescriptive asset configuration policies and reports specific to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI). With these integrated policies, Cambia CM helps companies achieve compliance faster by automating the assessment of network asset configurations with specific elements of PCI.
Because Cambia's agentless software runs continuously, organizations can constantly monitor the compliance of network assets with key PCI requirements. This capability, coupled with Cambia CM's robust PCI reporting, helps companies reduce the staff time required to prepare for a PCI audit or assessment and to maintain desired asset configurations.
"The addition of PCI-specific policies into Cambia CM is a cornerstone of our PCI Protection Program," said Mark Wood, vice president of product management and marketing at Cambia. "These policies, along with Cambia CM's ability to continuously monitor assets for changes that could cause security risk or policy deviation, give companies stronger security and a dramatic reduction in PCI audit preparation time."
The cybersecurity profession struggles to retain women (figures range from 10 to 20 percent). It's particularly worrisome for an industry with a rapidly growing number of vacant positions.
So why does the shortage of women continue to be worse in security than in other IT sectors? How can men in infosec be better allies for women; and how can women be better allies for one another? What is the industry doing to fix the problem -- what's working, and what isn't?
Is this really a problem at all? Are the low numbers simply an indication that women do not want to be in cybersecurity, and is it possible that more women will never want to be in cybersecurity? How many women would we need to see in the industry to declare success?
Join Dark Reading senior editor Sara Peters and guests Angela Knox of Cloudmark, Barrett Sellers of Arbor Networks, Regina Wallace-Jones of Facebook, Steve Christey Coley of MITRE, and Chris Roosenraad of M3AAWG on Wednesday, July 13 at 1 p.m. Eastern Time to discuss all this and more.


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Dr. Charles Stanley is senior pastor of First Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. He is the author of numerous books, including The Blessings of Brokenness and other titles in the popular A Touch of His . . . devotional series. His popular radio and TV program In Touch is heard and seen worldwide.
The Charles F. Stanley Life Principles Bibleby Thomas Nelson
View All Available Formats & Editions
The Charles F. Stanley Life Principles Bible delivers Stanley's cherished values to benefit every Christian in their life's pursuits. The Charles F. Stanley Life Principles Bible communicates the life principles Dr. Stanley has gleaned from the Word through his years of Bible teaching and pastoral ministry. The result is a Bible overflowing with/i>/b>/i>
The Charles F. Stanley Life Principles Bible delivers Stanley's cherished values to benefit every Christian in their life's pursuits. The Charles F. Stanley Life Principles Bible communicates the life principles Dr. Stanley has gleaned from the Word through his years of Bible teaching and pastoral ministry. The result is a Bible overflowing with practical articles, notes, and sidebars that help readers understand what the Bible has to say about life's most important questions.
Features include:
- 30 Life Principles, with articles throughout the Bible
- Life Lessons
- Life Examples from the people of the Bible
- "Answers to Life's Questions" articles
- God's Promises for Life index to get into the Scripture Book Introductions
- "What the Bible Says About" articles
- Concordance
- New American Standard Bible Updated Edition
Product Details
- 9780785256779
- Publisher:
- Nelson, Thomas, Inc.
- Publication date:
- 11/11/2005
- Pages:
- 1824
- Product dimensions:
- 9.42(w) x 6.46(h) x 1.51(d)
Meet the Author
Customer Reviews
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The Charles F. Stanley Life Principles Bible based on 0 ratings. 19 reviews.
I'm very disappointed with this purchase from a navigation standpoint. The content is excellent, however navigating around this Bible is frustrating! When viewing the contents, this Bible continually defaults to the book of Revelation. It is also necessary to keep it locked in a larger font so that you don't inadvertently get the wrong chapter when you choose from the chapter list (numbers separated by vertical lines) in any given book. In addition, when I choose to use the slide bar feature in order to easily jump from one chapter to another, the indicator box reads REVELATION or CONCORDANCE no matter where I slide it. The page numbers seem to be accurate, but I expect to be able to see what book I'm sliding to so I can jump around as much as my studies require (especially with Beth Moore studies since she points to supporting passages throughout the entire Bible). Because of these two "glitches", I would not recommend this product. I expected it to be free of problems as noticeable as these for the amount of money I paid for it. If an update to fix these issues becomes available, I would be able to recommend it without hesitation.
This Bible is an excellent resource to help Christians find answers to their everyday situations. I listen to Dr. Stanley on AM 570 radio at 7:00 am on Monday through Friday mornings. I also watch him on Sunday mornings channel 5 from 7:30 - 8:30 am. His message is always biblically based. I bought this Bible as a wedding gift for my friends son and daughter inlaw. I would recommend this Bible to everyone.
This is a good e-bible but the navigation is bad. The bible opens in the book of Rev when it should open to the table of contents. Plus you do not have a back and/or forward buttons. So you will need to go to the table of contents to find your former place in the bible. I hope they make these adjustments. Overall, this is a good e-bible.
I love Charles Stanley's Life Principles Bible. He make everything so concise and refers you to other chapter verses to make everything even clearer
A little sloew sometimes but i like this bible
Love charles stanley.


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Mofos pussy-fingering VIDEOS (785)
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Public Pick Ups
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Steve Clemons
Revolving Door
Who's coming and who's going. Tell us about your job move! Receive the Revolving Door Newsletter with expert analysis by email twice a week.
June 3, 2011: Steve Clemons has been named editor-in-chief of AtlanticLIVE and Washington editor-at-large at The Atlantic. He had been senior fellow, American Strategy Program at New America Foundation. (FBNY)


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- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
- Get the latest on Dr. Dre's arrest - TMZ
- Despite rumors, Eddie Murphy's daughter is not pregnant - Gossip Cop
- The Vampire Diaries star Michael Trevino steps out for a good cause - Just Jared Jr
- Are Blac Chyna and Kylie Jenner on good terms? - Radar
- Blue Ivy is just as stylish as her mom Beyonce! - Lainey Gossip
- This Narcos star confirms he's not coming back for another season of the show - The Hollywood Reporter
24 December 2013 at 11:21 AM
Dianna Agron Supports Glee's Amber Riley at Holiday Concert!
About this photo set: Dianna Agron wears a black coat over a blue dress while leaving the Roxy Theatre on Monday evening (December 23) in West Hollywood, Calif. The 27-year-old actress… Read More Here
Photo #: 3017048
Posted to Dianna Agron
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text: New Yorkers Are Too Immature for MoMaJeff Neumann4/16/10 5:46amFiled to: NoodzArtmuseum of modern artMomaMarina abramovic90EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Some visitors to Marina Abramovic's "The Artist is Present" exhibit, which features live nude models, have been kicked out of the Museum of Modern Art for groping. And some models are creeped out: "It can be a little sketchy." [NYP]Reply90 repliesLeave a reply


text: The Securities and Exchange Commission issued a Wells notice to Standard & Poor's regarding ratings on a collateralized debt obligation. The SEC's warning is the first of its kind against a credit rating agency related to the global financial crisis. The CDO, called Delphinus CDO 2007-1, was also rated by Moody's Investors Service and Fitch Ratings, but neither has received a Wells notice.


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(March 5, 2010)--At 10 a.m., Wednesday, March 10, UTSA will take another step in its growth to Tier One status with the dedication of the $82.5 million, 145,440-square-foot Applied Engineering and Technology (AET) Building. The dedication, which is free and open to the public, will be at the outdoor plaza between the AET and Biosciences buildings on the Main Campus.
Special guests at the dedication will include Francisco Cigarroa, chancellor of the University of Texas System; Bartell Zachry, chairman of Zachry Holdings; and state Sen. Judith Zaffirini.
"The Applied Engineering and Technology Building is a dream come true for UTSA and our students," said UTSA President Ricardo Romo. "As UTSA continues to evolve into a Tier One research university, technologically advanced facilities like the AET Building are crucial in supporting collaboration between students and faculty in both the laboratory and the classroom."
The AET Building was designed to support world-class research and teaching in science and engineering. The four-floor facility includes 87 faculty offices, 36 laboratories, five classrooms and collaborative study niches. The ground floor includes classroom and laboratory space. Faculty from the College of Engineering's biomedical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, electrical and computer engineering, and mechanical engineering departments will primarily occupy laboratory and office space on the first and second floors. The College of Sciences' Department of Physics and Astronomy will occupy the third floor.
Ultra-modern features characterize UTSA's new research building. In student study areas, whiteboards on wheels serve as privacy screens while enabling group discussions. Department meeting spaces are equipped with Internet-ready smart boards that can be hooked up to laptops and used to record and recall discussion notes. Classrooms feature glass fronts, contemporary furniture and advanced digital equipment. The building's laboratory stools were chosen because they provide the least amount of physical strain to researchers, who often work at laboratory benches for hours on end.
The AET Building also houses UTSA's first satellite library. The bookless library was designed with engineering and science students in mind. On the building's paseo level, the 2,200-square-foot facility is near laboratories and classrooms and features moveable dividers to create spaces for collaborative and individual study. The satellite library has digital monitors and whiteboards to aid group projects, along with 12 computer stations and librarians to assist students in finding information they need. There will be tours of the satellite library after the AET Building dedication ceremony. The library facility will be fully equipped and open for business by the end of April.
The AET Building was designed by San Antonio architectural firm Garza-Bomberger, engineered by Austin-based HMG and Associates and constructed by general contractor Walbridge/Bartlett Cocke. Additionally, UTSA alumni in engineering and architecture worked on the project, which was funded by the Permanent University Fund and tuition revenue bonds.
>> To learn more about the UTSA Applied Engineering and Technology Building or to schedule a behind-the-scenes tour of the building, contact Christi Fish at 210-458-7584.
Event parking
Exit Interstate 10 at UTSA Boulevard (west) and turn right into the UTSA Main Campus on Edward Ximenez Avenue. Parking will be available on the right in lot 6, adjacent to the Applied Engineering and Technology and Biosciences buildings and South Parking Garage.
The UTSA Interactive Technology Experience Center camps are for curious youth who are interested in STEM and related topics. This week, campers will study environmental science, robotics and computer science.
UTSA Main Campus
In four sessions of this weeklong day camp for 9 to 13-year-olds, campers will participate in indoor and outdoor activities while exploring ancient technologies from around the world and the new technologies archaeologists are using to discover them.
UTSA Center for Archaeological Research, Main Campus
Campers will investigate how museums use artifacts, oral histories, and research to unravel stories about our past.
UTSA Institute of Texan Cultures
UTSA Math faculty prepare participants for success in their future math courses.
UTSA Main Campus
Staff can help campers improve their technical skills and knowledge of the game while having fun.
Tennis Courts, UTSA Main Campus
An opening reception is being held for the exhibit "Girl's Eye View" which was produced by students who documented life on San Antonio's East Side with photography, poetry and film.
UTSA Institute of Texan Cultures
Experience a very different summer camp! The UTSA East Asia Institute is teaching kids Japanese through language, culture, art, crafts, music, cooking and more. For kids age 6-12. For more details, email email@example.com.
Main Building (MB 1.126), Main Campus
7 to 12 year-olds will explore Mayan Culture in a three-day sessions, concluding at the Witte museum, where campers will have the chance to see the new "Maya: Hidden Worlds Revealed" exhibit.
UTSA Center for Archaeological Research, Main Campus
Other Calendars
» UTSA Events | » Academic | » Institute of Texan Cultures
The University of Texas at San Antonio is dedicated to the advancement of knowledge through research and discovery, teaching and learning, community engagement and public service. As an institution of access and excellence, UTSA embraces multicultural traditions and serves as a center for intellectual and creative resources as well as a catalyst for socioeconomic development and the commercialization of intellectual property - for Texas, the nation and the world.
To be a premier public research university, providing access to educational excellence and preparing citizen leaders for the global environment.
We encourage an environment of dialogue and discovery, where integrity, excellence, inclusiveness, respect, collaboration and innovation are fostered.


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Looking for jobs in Leeds? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Leeds jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
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Ex-fire chief remembered
Ex-fire chief Ross Huffer was remembered at a ceremony on March 2, 2014, at the Nesconset fire house. Huffer was on duty as a first responder when he suffered a heart attack on Feb. 27, 2014. He was a 48-year veteran of the Nesconset Fire Department and won the medal of valor for saving a mans life in the 1980s. (Credit: Stringer News Service)
Cancer survivors' problem inspires a solution Bellone gives distinguished service medal to woman competing in Olympics Southold students developing a love of gardening North Massapequa house fire kills 1 at scene, pedestrian injured in nearby accident involving responders Suffolk DA: 14 arrested in drug bust Still feeling the pain at anniversary of TWA Flight 800 Pro-police rally held in Selden Black Lives Matter marches held in East Hampton, Bridgehampton Latino Long Islanders protest Rep. Zeldin How to explore East End like a local Nun from LI reported missing in Austria Surveillance video shows car crashing into Patchogue restaurant