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The stage was set earlier this week as both Buford High and Locust Grove swept through their semifinal opponents to reach the GHSA Class AAAA Baseball State Championship, which will be held today at Gerald McQuaig Field in Buford.
West Hall High has announced Bobby Pless will be the new varsity boys basketball head coach.
Lanier Christian Academy topped the Division II-A leaderboard at the GICAA golf state championship at Jekyll Island.
Gainesville's penchant for scoring critical runs late in baseball games proved evasive Tuesday against Houston County.
Ty Maxwell has resigned from his position as head football coach at Lumpkin County High School.
By winning a coin toss Tuesday, top-ranked Buford (31-3) will host No. 2 Locust Grove (31-4-1) in the state championship baseball series for Class AAAA, starting with a doubleheader at 1 p.m. Saturday at Gerald McQuaig Field. If needed, Game 3 will be played at 5:55 p.m. Monday in Buford.
Complete confidence in a sophomore pitcher led Gainesville High to win a pivotal Game 2 Monday night after falling in the first, 9-4, to Houston County in the Class AAAAA state semifinals at Ivey-Watson Field.
BUFORD - The Buford Wolves are headed to the Class AAAA baseball state championship with a series sweep 7-3, 6-4 over Eastside on Monday at Gerald McQuiag Field.
Spencer Ralston already experienced his 'this is it' moment a few days ago during his final school day at Gainesville High, so Monday was all about business.
Chestatee High hired Kevin Strickland on Monday as its new boys basketball coach, as announced by War Eagles athletic director Ben Corley in a press release.
As the GHSA is looking to crown its baseball champions, today marks the start of the penultimate round before the trophies are hoisted by the state's best squads.
MACON - The search for a state title goes on for the Johnson High boys soccer team.
The Georgia's high school golf world will converge on the Augusta area on Monday as the GHSA plans to crown its state champions.
The Johnson High boys soccer team is seeking its first state title in program history Saturday afternoon at Mercer University's Five Star Stadium in Macon.
The Flowery Branch boys basketball camp will be held June 6-9 from 9 a.m. to noon.
Page 3 of 417
As Buford High's baseball team rolled along this season, all the way to the Class AAAA state championship game, so did outfielder Brandon Marsh.
Gainesville High graduate Spencer Ralston begins match play today at the Georgia State Amateur Golf Championship after shooting a 2-under par in the two-day group ...
Gainesville High's Davis Weaver won the University of Georgia Junior Classic by one shot after shooting a two-day total of 153 (11-over par) Wednesday ...
Some of the most decorated wrestlers of all-time descended upon Gainesville to share their years of experience with the next generation of wrestlers on how ...
The Times is looking for sports stringers to cover games in our coverage area during the high school football season. We cover 18 high schools ...
Gainesville High's Davis Weaver is at the top of the leaderboard Monday after Day 1 of the UGA Junior Classic at University of Georgia ...
West Hall pitcher Charlie Cochran is getting to go on the trip of a lifetime, as far as baseball goes.
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The mission of America Multi-Sport, Inc. is to provide communities and individuals with extraordinary health & wellness events and services focused on Christian practices providing opportunities to improve spirit, mind and body through "Life Changing Finish Lines." We'll offer a host of events and facility opportunities including the program access to the 50-meter Muncie community outdoor pool at Tuhey Park. This is who we are; a staff of many seasoned athletes leading 275 extremely motivated volunteer race team captains in 8 Indiana cities: Muncie, Selma, Noblesville, New Castle, Lawrence, Indianapolis and Richmond with many more communities to come. We'll help you finish your first 5k Walk to your first Mini Marathon or even a Triathlon/Duathlon; we are across Indiana and right here at home to get you and your family to your first or best finish line.
Meet Your Race Team
Since 1993, our co-founders have been organizing the multi-sport world of racing, hosting events and motivating individuals from their first 5k to iron distance triathlons. In 2010 they founded America Multi-Sport, Inc. to continue welcoming all to their best finish line.
Tammy M. Tomboni: Founder/Fin. Dir., America Multi-Sport, Inc.
A mother of 3 young boys, she manages all race day registration operations and packet pickup processes. She is a triathlete, marathoner and former Executive Assistant with Jarden Corp managing sales and national conventions. She was the Volunteer Director for the 2001 Muncie Endurathon with 2,200 volunteers and the Volunteer USA Triathlon Long-Course National Championships in 2002 with over 1,200 volunteers. She was the Finish line director for the 2003 Muncie Endurathon.
Steven N. Tomboni: Founder/CEO America Multi-Sport, Inc.
As an event organizer: Now enter the beginning of the 3rd decade organizing over 975 events, youth and adult sports leagues, tournaments, programs and host of road races with ground breaking "Life Changing Finish Lines'.tm
As an athlete: Finishing more than 300 triathlon/multi-sport and road races since 1983 including Ironman Florida in 2002 and the 1stPowerman Alabama in 1996, The Chicago, Indianapolis and Columbus marathons as well.
His resume includes currently 111 Sprint/Olympic/Half triathlons as race director and also the Race Director of the 1996 ITU/Muncie Long Course World Championship & 2002/2003 USAT Long Course National Championships. He was the 5 time race director of the Muncie Endurathon. In 2010 him and his wife; triathlete Tammy, founded America Multi-Sport, Inc. to continue that success. During the last 6 year they have produced the MidEast Collegiate Regional Championships 4 times, 2 Powerman Muncie Duathlons, the June 7, 2014 Muncie triathlon is part of the 2014/2015 Retro USAT Series and we are proudly owners of America's Half Iron Triathlon/Duathlon/Aquabike. America Multi-Sport in 2015 will produce 11 Multi-Sport including the Mid-East Regional Tri/Du/AQB Championships and 12 Road race events and clinics along with operation of the local 50-meter outdoor aquatics facility in Muncie, Indiana. America Multi-Sport is also a proud member of Triathlon Business International and US Track & Field.
Steven is the former CEO of the Putman County YMCA in Ottawa, Ohio and the former Executive Director of the Muncie Family YMCA where he managed nearly 500 youth/adult or corporate sporting events over 10 years.
Also, the author of the 1996 ITU Long Course technical manual, he is a Level I USA Triathlon Certified Race Director. The 1996 World's was voted the international race of the year and the 2002 Nationals was awarded the national race of the year. The 1996 World's was the 1st chipped times triathlon in the world. The event featured 1300 athletes from 36 countries, 6,600 volunteers, 57 volunteer race captains, 70 mile of course over 3 Indiana Counties and 40,000 spectators. Additionally, 4,400 youth from 44 East Central Indiana Schools lined the course during the adopt a country project. He received the Edmund F. Ball Award in 2003 for lifetime service to the Muncie Endurathon, Inc.
The company was awarded the prestigious EDGE Award by the State of Indiana as the outstanding emerging business in East Central Indiana, 2011.
And now a member of the USA Triathlon Race Director Century Club.
Steve is a father of four and a Ball State University graduate.
B. Joseph Davis :: Counsel
Attorney B. Joseph Davis serves several integral functions. As General Counsel he oversees and manages all legal matters. Notwithstanding his title, his advocacy and acumen contributes to many other non-legal business decisions. As a triathlete he knows race courses and due to his lifeguarding background he understands what it takes to ensure a safe swim course. He can normally be found driving the EAP boat which carries, at a minimum, the head life-guard and a rescue diver. After the swim course closes he can normally be found assisting with other critical functions. He lives at mile one (1) on the Prairie Creek Race Course with his wife and three children whom can often be found at that aid station assisting athletes, spraying water, and providing background music.
JC and Maria Preston :: Media Coordinator and Photographer
JC and Maria joined us in 2012. During race day you can find them running around and capturing the day's festivities in pictures and video. While JC's background in sports focuses mainly in football, weight lifting, and leisurely strolls with his dogs. Maria does enjoy running whenever she can get out there. She says, "it's a great stress reliever!"
When they're not at the races you can find JC and Maria in Indianapolis.
JC's newest project, New Inceptions, is geared towards helping Creators make their hobbies and passions into profitable businesses. His school years consisted of 9 years at Purdue which he studied Organizational Leadership, Entrepreneurship, and Electrical Engineering.
Maria works in Human Resources as an office manager at Eli Lilly. Her background also consists of a member of the National Guard and many years in the health field including time at Marion County Health Department and working with a couple of non-profits.
Nira Macken :: Administrative Assistant
I have been with AMS for approximately 3 years (began in early spring, 2013), having been hired as Administrative Assistant. My first year, along with working as the Administrative Assistant, setting up files, assisting with organizing documents, and doing normal Admin work, I assisted with most of the races – packet pick-ups, race registrations, body-marking, food set-up, and after-race cleanup.
In the past, I have run many 5ks, a 10k and a quarter marathon, and currently participate in the YMCA Zumba and occasional Yoga classes, use the elliptical, treadmill, lateral, stationary bikes and weight machines at the Y, and do a lot of outdoor walking.
Was born in Muncie, IN, lived here all my life, am the mother of 4 grown children; and in 2013, I retired, after 38 years as an Executive Administrative Assistant, from Ball Corporation/Jarden Home Brands.
Jake Deiwert :: Marketing Coordinator | Lead Timer
Jake started as an intern with AMS in 2013, helping mainly with graphics and photography before coming on full time in 2014 as Marketing Coordinator. in 2015 Jake also became the lead timer and curator of the AMS website.
Jake graduated in 2011 from Indiana Wesleyan University with a B.S. in Photography. For athletics, he enjoys tennis, soccer, ping pong, and ultimate frisbee.
Megan Bousley :: Public Relations | Social Media Coordinator
Megan joined the team in January of 2015, following her summer internship. She will be a full time PR/Marketing Coordinator starting in 2016. Megan's athletic background consists of volleyball and track and has continued running into college. She competed in and finished her first mini marathon in November, taking on the Indy Monumental course. Megan handles communication with the general public, striving to help athletes, new and season, have their best Life Changing Finish Line. She's the "jack of all trades" on race days. You may see her working in transition, manning the awards table or directing athletes. She'll graduate in December from Ball State University with a degree in Public Relations and Economics.
Brooks Davidson :: Sponsorship/Operations Coordinator
Brooks Davidson- Brooks started as an intern in 2014, assisting with the operations side of the company. He became the Operations/Sponsorship Coordinator in 2015.
Brooks graduated from Ball State University in 2014 with a degree in Sport Administration and Business. He also freelances for ESPN. Brooks has many events under his belt including Super Bowl XLIX and the Indianapolis 500.
When Brooks is not working, he is enjoying time on his boat. He also enjoys playing a variety of sports.

subset: commoncrawl


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If you just sneezed, something was probably irritating or tickling the inside of your nose. Sneezing, also called sternutation, is your body's way of removing an irritation from your nose.
When the inside of your nose gets a tickle, a message is sent to a special part of your brain called the sneeze center. The sneeze center then sends a message to all the muscles that have to work together to create the amazingly complicated process that we call the sneeze.
Some of the muscles involved are the abdominal (belly) muscles, the chest muscles, the diaphragm (the large muscle beneath your lungs that makes you breathe), the muscles that control your vocal cords, and muscles in the back of your throat.
Don't forget the eyelid muscles! Did you know that you always close your eyes when you sneeze?
It is the job of the sneeze center to make all these muscles work together, in just the right order, to send that irritation flying out of your nose. And fly it does — sneezing can send tiny particles speeding out of your nose at up to 100 miles per hour!
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researcher Lydia Bourouiba and her colleagues are studying what really happens when a person sneezes. They're using high-speed imaging to film the cloud of droplets that a sneeze creates. Then, the Bourouiba Research Group uses math to analyze what's going on with all those droplets. They hope to learn more about how illnesses spread.
Most anything that can irritate the inside of your nose can start a sneeze. Common causes include dust, cold air, or pepper. When you catch a cold in your nose, a virus has made a temporary home there and is causing lots of swelling and irritation. Some people have allergies, and they sneeze when they are exposed to certain things, such as animal dander (which comes from the skin of many common pets) or pollen (which comes from some plants).
Do you know anyone who sneezes when they step outside into the sunshine? About 1 out of every 3 people sneezes when exposed to bright light. They are called photic sneezers (photic means light). If you are a photic sneezer, you got it from one of your parents because it is an inherited trait. You could say that it runs in your family. Most people have some sensitivity to light that can trigger a sneeze.
Have you ever had the feeling that you are about to sneeze, but it just gets stuck? Next time that happens, try looking toward a bright light briefly (but don't look right into the sun) — see if that doesn't unstick a stuck sneeze!
Reviewed by: Rupal Christine Gupta, MD
Date reviewed: May 2015
- Do Allergies Cause Asthma?
- What's a Booger?
- When Sinuses Attack!
- Learning About Allergies
- Why Do I Shiver?
- Why Does My Nose Run?
- Why Do I Burp?
- Why Do I Yawn?
Related Resources
This is a great site for kids with informational movies about science, anatomy, weather, and more.
AAAAI Just for Kids
This Just for Kids page from the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology offers lots of fun activities to help you learn about managing your allergies and asthma.
Bourouiba Research Group-MIT Sneeze Research
This Massachusetts Institute of Technology research group is studying sneezes and how they spread illness.
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Some diets are not really a good fit with alli, since they allow high-fat foods that may cause treatment effects while using alli capsules. The unit also features a 2MP camera which is mediocre, because of this that all I need to mention will be the undertones and overtones produced from the pictures. So where and what can you eat at Mc - Donalds or another fast food restaurant on the Alli diet. Lipase may be the enzyme which is responsible for extracting fats within the intestines.
An enzyme within the digestive system called Lipase which functions by wearing down fat for one's body to use or store is blocked by Alli. In combination which has a calorie controlled diet, the effects could be supposed to be greater. How to Create Business Cards in Microsoft Word will be the best bet for people that are comfortable working together with Microsoft Word. As state, Jolicloud is alpha, but the interface is a fairly fundamental part from the experience and it's also clear the Jolicloud needs plenty of work before its ready to stand up again Ubuntu or any of the other popular Linux operating systems.
On the Alli plan, mealtime eaten must contain only 15 grams of fat, and three meals every day are eaten-no snacks. The results of this book check out help combat childhood obesity. It is not designed to boost energy or suppress appetite,and that means you will need being disciplined. It is recommended for you to be closely monitored with a health professional when you take this weight loss supplement.
The custom installation will likely allow users never to only proceed and change cellular phone settings but to cancel set up .. The FDA press release displays pictures of genuine Alli, its packaging and important info about lot numbers and expiration dates. (All graphics within this article are through the white paper, Vanish: Increasing Data Privacy with Self-Destructing Data. Another drug that in 2 years may cause horrible heart related illnesses, cancer or death.
Open the Black - Berry's Tasks and also you'll notice a lot of options that require a lot of navigation with all the trackball and keyboard to use. If you actually need help, then you would have to visit the developer's how do people download the exact help manual. For now, the Alli weight-loss, Orlistat 60 mg capsules, 120 refill pack is FDA approved, but as has been the case with lots of products, the medical possibilities and troubles are being investigated while on an ongoing basis, therefore it bears checking into. I have never seen any evidence to back up this claim, so I cannot talk with this claim's validity.


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According to Chinese media reports, China Telecom (CHA) is in talks with Research In Motion (RIMM) to sell the BlackBerry in China. Premarket CHA +4.5%. RIMM +3%.
According to Chinese media reports, China Telecom (CHA) is in talks with Research In Motion...
Jun 24 2009, 09:10 ET | About: China Telecom Corporati... (CHA) | By: SA Eli Hoffmann, SA News Editor
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Pragjyotishpura (Ancient), Gauhati (Modern)
|Nickname(s): Gateway to Northeast India,[1][2] City of Temples,[3] Light of the East[4]
|Coordinates: 26°11′N 91°44′E / 26.183°N 91.733°ECoordinates: 26°11′N 91°44′E / 26.183°N 91.733°E
|Lower Assam
|Kamrup Metropolitan district
|• Type
|• Body
|Guwahati Municipal Corporation
|• Mayor
|Mrigen Sarania (BJP)
|• Deputy Commissioner
|Dr. M Angamuthu, IAS[5]
|• Police Commissioner
|Mukesh Agrawal, IPS[6]
|• Metropolis
|216 km2 (83 sq mi)
|• Metro
|1,500 km2 (590 sq mi)
|55.5 m (182.1 ft)
|Population (2011)[8]
|• Metropolis
|• Rank
|• Density
|4,400/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
|• Official
|Assamese, English
|Time zone
|Telephone code
|Vehicle registration
|AS-01 (Kamrup Metro) / AS-25 (Kamrup Rural and Dispur)
|Planning agency
|Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority
|Cwa (Köppen)
Guwahati (i/ɡʊwəˈhɑːti/; Pragjyotishpura in ancient Assam, Gauhati in the modern era) is the largest city of Assam, a major riverine port city and one of the fastest growing cities in India, situated in the South Bank of river Brahmaputra .[9]
The ancient cities of Pragjyotishpura and Durjaya (North Guwahati) were the capitals of the ancient state of Kamarupa under the Varman and Pala dynasties.[10] Many ancient Hindu temples are in the city, giving it the name "City of Temples".[3] Dispur, the capital of Assam, is in the circuit city region located within Guwahati and is the seat of the Government of Assam.
Guwahati lies between the banks of the Brahmaputra River and the foothills of the Shillong plateau, with LGB International Airport to the west and the town of Narengi to the east. It is gradually being expanded as North Guwahati to the northern bank of the Brahmaputra. The noted Madan Kamdev is situated 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Guwahati. The Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC), the city's local government, administers an area of 216 square kilometres (83 sq mi), while the Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) is the planning and development body of greater Guwahati Metropolitan Area. With an area of 1,528 square kilometres (590 sq mi), Guwahati is the second-largest metropolitan region in eastern India, after Kolkata.[7]
The Guwahati region hosts diverse wildlife including rare animals such as Asian elephants, pythons, tigers, rhinoceros, gaurs, primate species, and endangered birds.[11][12]
- 1 Etymology
- 2 Geography
- 3 History
- 4 Urban morphology
- 5 Administration & Governance
- 6 Police
- 7 Judiciary
- 8 Infrastructure
- 9 Demographics
- 10 Culture, Arts & Entertainment
- 11 Cuisine
- 12 Economy
- 13 Transport
- 14 Education
- 15 Sports
- 16 Media & telecommunications
- 17 Growth issues
- 18 Notable people
- 19 See also
- 20 References
- 21 External links
Once known as Pragjyotishpura (the Light of the East), Guwahati derives its name from the Assamese words "Guwa" meaning areca nut and "Haat" meaning market.[13]
To the south-west of the city lies Dipor Bil, a permanent freshwater lake with no prominent inflows apart from monsoon run-off from the hills that lie to the south of the lake. The lake drains into the Brahmaputra, 5 km (3.1 mi) to the north, and acts as a natural stormwater reservoir for the city.[14][15][16]
Guwahati has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa), falling just short of a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw).[17] The average annual temperature is 24.2 °C with extremes ranging from 40.6 °C recorded on April 24, 2014 to 3.0 °C recorded in January, 1964.
|Climate data for Guwahati (Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport) 1971–1990
|Record high °C (°F)
|Average high °C (°F)
|Daily mean °C (°F)
|Average low °C (°F)
|Record low °C (°F)
|Average precipitation mm (inches)
|Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
|Average relative humidity (%)
|Mean monthly sunshine hours
|Source #1: NOAA[18]
|Source #2: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[19]
Ancient History[edit]
Guwahati's myths and history go back several thousands of years. Although the exact date of the city's beginning is unknown, references in the epics, Puranas, and other traditional histories of India, lead many to assume that it is one of the ancient cities of Asia. Epigraphic sources place the capitals of many ancient kingdoms in Guwahati. It was the capital of the kings Narakasura and Bhagadatta according to the Mahabharata.[20] Located within Guwahati is the ancient Shakti temple of Goddess Kamakhya in Nilachal hill (an important seat of Tantric and Vajrayana Buddhism), the ancient and unique astrological temple Navagraha in Chitrachal Hill, and archaeological remains in Basistha and other archaeological locations of mythological importance.[21]
The Ambari[22] excavations trace the city to the Hindu kingdoms of Shunga-Kushana period of Indian history, between the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD. During earlier periods of the city's history it was known as Pragjyotishpura, and was the capital of Assam under the Varman Dynasty of the Kamarupa kingdom. Descriptions by Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) reveal that during the reign of the Varman king Bhaskar Varman (7th century AD), the city stretched for about 30 li (15 km or 9.3 mi).[23] It remained as the capital of Assam until the 10th-11th century AD under the rule of the Pala dynasty. Archaeological evidence by excavations in Ambari, and excavated brick walls and houses discovered during construction of the present Cotton College's auditorium suggest the city was of economic and strategic importance until the 9th-11th century AD.[24]
Medieval History[edit]
The city was the seat of the Borphukan, the civil military authority of the Lower Assam region appointed by the Ahom kings. The Borphukan's residence was in the present Fancy Bazaar area, and his council-hall, called Dopdar, was about 300 yards (270 m) to the west of the Bharalu stream. The Majindar Baruah, the personal secretary of the Borphukan, had his residence in the present-day deputy commissioner's residence.[25]
The Mughals invaded Assam seventeen times, and they were defeated by the Ahoms in Battle of Itakhuli and Battle of Saraighat. During the Battle of Saraighat, fought in Saraighat in 1671, the Mughals were overrun due to the strong leadership and hard work of Lachit Borphukan. The great embankment called 'Mumai-Kota Gorh', named after an incident in which Lachit had to slay (Kota) his own maternal uncle (Mumai) for being lazy in building the embankment (Gorh) that runs along the outskirts of the city, stands as a proof of the hard work and war-readiness on the part of the Ahoms. There was an ancient boat yard in Dighalipukhuri, probably used by the Ahoms in medieval times.[21] Medieval constructions include temples, ramparts, etc. in the city.[26][27]
Urban morphology[edit]
Guwahati's 'urban form' radiates from a central core with growth corridors radiating and extending towards the south, east and west. In the past few decades, southern Guwahati areas such as Ganeshguri, Beltola, Hatigaon, Six Mile and Panjabari began forming a southern sub-center surrounding the capital complex at Dispur. The core area[28] consists of the old city with Pan Bazaar, Paltan Bazaar, Fancy Bazaar and Uzan Bazaar, with each area facilitating unique urban activities.[9][29]
Among the city corridors, the most important is the corridor formed along the Guwahati-Shillong (GS) Road towards the south (almost 15 km [9.3 mi] from the city-center). The GS Road corridor is an important commercial area with retail, wholesale and commercial offices developed along the main road; it is also a densely built residential area in the inner parts. The capital complex of Assam at Dispur is situated in this corridor. This corridor has facilitated the growth of a southern city sub-center at Ganeshguri, along with other residential areas to the south developed during the past few decades.[9][29]
The corridor extending towards the west (around 30 km [19 mi] from the city-center) contains a rail-road linking not only Guwahati but also other parts of the northeastern region east of Guwahati to western Assam and the rest of India. The corridor links residential and historically important areas such as Nilachal Hill (Kamakhya), Pandu, and Maligaon (headquarters of Northeast Frontier Railways) before it separates into two - one towards North Guwahati via the Saraighat Bridge and the other continuing west towards LGB International Airport via Gauhati University (Jalukbari). There are also many river ports/jetties along this corridor.[9][29]
The third major corridor extends towards the east (around 15 km from the city-center) linking Noonmati (Guwahati Refinery) and Narengi, and has facilitated residential growth along it. Highway NH-37, which encircles the city's southern parts and links the southern corridor in Noumile to the western corridor in Jalukbari is currently supporting rapid development. Similarly, the VIP Road linking Zoo Road with the eastern corridor and recently completed Hengerabari-Narengi Road are also supporting massive residential development to the east.[9][29]
Guwahati is one among 98 Indian cities which will be upgraded to Smart Cities under a project embarked on by Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. With the grade of a Smart city, Guwahati will have highly up-to-date and radical provisions like regular and continuous electric supply, first-rate traffic and transport system, superior health care and many other prime utilities. Under this scheme, the city will use digital technology that will act as the integral mechanism of the aforesaid facilities and thereby further elevate the lifestyle of the citizens of Guwahati.[30][31]
Administration & Governance[edit]
Dispur, the capital of Assam, lies in Guwahati. The passing of North Eastern (Reorganization Areas) Act in 1971 by the Indian Parliament accorded Meghalaya the status of a full-fledged state. After the creation of Meghalaya as a separate state, Shillong continued to be the joint capital of both Assam and Meghalaya. However, in 1972, the Government of Assam decided to shift the capital to Dispur. Accordingly, the first sitting of the Budget Session of the Assam Legislative Assembly was held at Dispur on 16 March 1973.[32] Dispur houses the Secretariat of Assam Government, the Assam Assembly House, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) Regional Office, the North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFi) House and the Guwahati Tea Auction Centre (GTAC).[33]
Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC) is the local body responsible for governing, developing and managing the city. GMC is further divided into 31 municipal wards.[34] Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) is an agency responsible for planning and development of the greater Guwahati Metropolitan Area and for revising the Guwahati Master Plan and Building Bylaws to cover an area of 3,214 square kilometres (1,241 sq mi) by 2025.[35] Guwahati Development Department, a special department of the Government of Assam, was formed for Guwahati's overall development.
Guwahati consists of four assembly constituencies: Jalukbari, Dispur, Gauhati East and Gauhati West,[36] all of which are part of Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency).[37]
Guwahati is the headquarters of Assam Police. The city is under the Police Commissionerate of Guwahati headed by the Commissioner of Police, Guwahati. It is divided into three districts: East Police District, Central Police District and West Police District, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. Each police district consists of officers, not below the rank of Assistant Commissioner of Police, functioning as executive magistrates within a said metropolitan area.[38]
Guwahati is the principal seat of the Gauhati High Court. It acts as the High Court of Assam and also of Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh with their outlying benches of Kohima, Aizawl and Itanagar respectively. Gauhati High Court came in effect from 5 April 1948. It initially had its sittings at Shillong but was shifted to Gauhati from 14 August 1948.[39][not in citation given]
Guwahati also houses the Court of the District & Sessions Judge, Kamrup established in 1920. It is a lower court of the district judiciary having territorial jurisdiction over the greater Guwahati area only.[40]
The city has a comparatively high quality of life. A 2006 survey ranked Guwahati 17th among all the large and medium-sized Indian cities.[41] The city provides competitive residential and working environments with beautiful landscapes, pleasant climate, modern shopping areas, modern apartments and bungalows, and considerably developed social infrastructure. A centrally funded four-lane, ambitious East-West Corridor will pass through Guwahati and connect all the state capitals of Northeast India. Completion of the project will boost the vital upliftment of the whole region.[9]
The city still needs attention to improve its infrastructure. Funding from the Asian Development Bank is providing assistance to improve Guwahati's transportation infrastructure along with a substantial amount from Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) for its development.[9]
Guwahati is one of the fastest growing cities in India.[9] The city's population grew from just 200,000 in 1971 to more than 500,000 in 1991. In the 2001 census, the city's population was 808,021. By 2012, the population of the rapidly growing metropolitan area had risen to 1.5 million. It is estimated that Guwahati metro will house 2.8 million residents by 2025.[42]
|Religions in Guwahati
|Distribution of religions
†Includes Jains (0.96%), Sikhs (0.36%), Buddhists (<0.2%).
The percentage of child population of Guwahati is 9.40%. The average literacy rate is stated to be 91.47% with male literacy at 94.24% and female literacy at 88.50%. The sex ratio has been recorded to be 933 females per 1000 males and child sex ratio to be 940 girls per 1000 boys.[43]
Culture, Arts & Entertainment[edit]
Dance and music form an integral part of the culture of Guwahati. Bihu dance is the most important folk dance of Assam and is performed during various cultural activities in the city. Sattriya dance is another classical dance form introduced by the Vaishnava saint of Assam Shrimanta Sankardeva. The city hosts different festivals and fairs annually. There are several communities residing in Guwahati and hence many festivals are celebrated throughout the year. Bihu is one of the most important festivals in Guwahati and consists of three types, namely Bohag Bihu, Kati Bihu and Magh Bihu, celebrated in different times of the year. Other important festivals include Durga Puja, Saraswati Puja, Kali Puja (Diwali), Holi, Janmashtami, Vishwakarma Puja, Ambubachi Mela, Buddha Purnima, Brahmaputra Beach Festival, Metropolis Urban Winter Festival etc. The richness of tradition and culture of the city is also portrayed by various painting forms, handicrafts, handloom, traditional art forms and weaving forms. The Shrimanta Sankardeva Kalakshetra is the most significant art and craft gallery in Guwahati. The Guwahati Artists' Guild is one of the leading galleries which showcases various paintings by artists of Assam.[44]
Guwahati is known for its mobile theatres, popularly known as 'Bhraiymoman' theatres. These showcase the unique culture of Assam and provide entertainment in both rural and urban areas. Some famous mobile theatre groups include Aawahon, Bordoisila, Hengool and Kohinoor. Other than mobile theatres, the city also hosts various plays and dramas. The traditional form of Assamese drama is called the 'Bhaona'. It is a religious play written by Shrimanta Sankardeva and is usually performed in 'Naamghars' or at some religious functions.[45][better source needed]
An authentic Assamese meal begins with 'Khaar' (an alkaline dish), followed by the main course such as meat, 'Maasor Tenga' (sour fish curry), green leafy vegetables and complimented by 'Aaloo Pitika' (mashed potato). 'Tamul' (betel nut) and 'paan' generally conclude the meal.[46][better source needed]
Guwahati metro has a Gross Domestic Product of $1.5 billion. Important economic activities of the place include transportation, commerce, trade and services. Guwahati is the major retail and marketing hub of the region and also a wholesale distribution centre. Malls, multiplexes, offices, restaurants and commercial complexes have mushroomed in many parts of the city over the past decade. Some of the essential industries and sectors influencing the economy are oil (Guwahati Refinery), tea (Guwahati Tea Auction Centre), tourism, hospitality, banking and financial services, real estate, pharmaceuticals, electronics, textiles and handicrafts, print and electronic media.[47][better source needed]
Pandu, located on the banks of the Brahmaputra at the western part of the city, is an ancient urban area that acted as the chief military base for the Ahoms against external invasions. Due to extensive fortification ('Gorh') surrounding Pandu, it acts as a natural river harbour and is formally called Gar-Pandu. Pandu port falls under Dhubri-Sadiya National Waterway-2 and is an important terminal cum transit point for goods and cargo as well as passenger and tourist vessels. Construction of both low-level and high-level jetty of fixed terminal, capable of handling container vessels, has been completed and has further enhanced revenue generation for the city.[48][49]
Manufacturing sector in Guwahati contributes a substantial share to the economy of the city. Petroleum manufacturing is an important economic activity of the city. The Guwahati Refinery is the most important manufacturing industry in the city. Located at Noonmati, the refinery was set up by the Indian Oil Corporation Limited as the first public sector refinery of India as well as the refinery of Indian Oil since 1962. It was built with an initial crude processing capacity of 0.75 million metric tons per annum (MMTPA) at the time of its commission which was gradually increased to 1.0 MMTPA. It produces various products and supplies them to the other northeast states and also beyond to Siliguri through the Guwahati-Siliguri pipeline. The various products produced by the refinery include Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Kerosene Oil, Turbine Fuel (aviation use), Motor Spirit, High Speed Motor Diesel, Light Diesel Oil and Raw Petroleum Coke. There is also an LPG bottling plant in the city.[50][51]
Tea manufacturing and processing is another important activity of Guwahati. Assam is one of the highest tea-producing areas in the world, contributing 80% of India's export and 55% of the country's total tea production. So high is the production of tea in Assam that it is the biggest industry of the state. The headquarters of the Assam Branch Indian Tea Association (ABITA) is located at Guwahati. The Guwahati Tea Auction Centre (GTAC), located adjacent to the capital complex at Dispur, is the world's largest CTC tea auction centre and the second largest in terms of total tea auctioned. The inaugural sale took place on 25 September 1970 and the first lot of tea was auctioned at the price of Rs. 42.50 which, during those days, was a big achievement.[52][better source needed]
Many centralised, private and international banks have set up their branches in the city with the Reserve Bank Of India having one of its own at Pan Bazaar.[47][53]
Guwahati is served by the Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, situated at Borjhar, about 20 km (12 mi) west from the heart of the city. With all major domestic airlines flying into Guwahati, it is the ninth busiest airport in India in terms of traffic.[54]
The city of Guwahati and the northeastern region falls under the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) Zone of the Indian Railways. The Guwahati Junction, located in Paltan Bazaar area of Guwahati, is the major railway station of the city. There are three more railway stations in the city - the Kamakhya Junction for passenger and goods services, the New Guwahati Junction (near Noonmati) for only freight services and Azara Railway Station, also primarily used for freight services. There are regular trains connecting Guwahati to and from other major cities of the country. Rajdhani Express, Poorvottar Sampark Kranti Express, Brahmaputra Express, Kamrup Express, Northeast Express, Saraighat Express and Garib Rath are some significant trains running to and from Guwahati. The train with the longest route in India, Vivek Express, which runs from Dibrugarh in Upper Assam to Kanyakumari in southern tip of India passes through Guwahati Junction.[55]
The length of surfaced roads within the city is 218 km (135 mi). National Highway 31 connects Guwahati with the states Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. National Highway 37 from Goalpara in Assam to Dimapur in Nagaland traverses the entire length of Assam and connects Guwahati with almost all the major cities of Assam including the cities of Jorhat, Dibrugarh and Bongaigaon.[56]
The public transportation is well developed in the city. Buses are the major means of public transport in Guwahati. The Assam State Transport Corporation (ASTC) and private operators provide the city bus services within the city. ASTC operates the Volvo air-conditioned bus services within the city as well as to the LGBI airport. In addition to this, there are a number of bus operators which regularly run day and night buses from Guwahati to neighbouring towns and cities. Rupnath Brahma Inter-State Bus Terminus (ISBT), located at Betkuchi area on NH-37, is the most significant terminal cum transit point for buses plying between Guwahati and other destinations in Assam and Northeast India. The areas of Adabari and Paltan Bazaar also act as nodal points in providing bus services to towns and cities in Assam and adjoining states.[55][57]
Apart from city buses, cab services of various operators also provide public transport facilities along major roads in the city. Three-wheeler auto-rickshaws are available throughout the city, but there is no organised taxi service in Guwahati for intra-city travel; although cars are available on rental basis from numerous travel agencies operating in the city.[56]
A metro rail project has also been planned to relieve the hectic traffic conditions on the streets.[58][59]
The Inland Water Transport Department is headquartered at Pandu port in Guwahati. The waterways transportation services in Guwahati are used for transporting bulk goods and cargo, and for movement of passenger and tourist vessels. Ferry services are availalable for transportation of people from different ports along the Brahmaputra to Pandu port.[55]
Guwahati is the major educational hub of Northeast India. Among the esteemed institutions is the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT), an autonomous institute dedicated in the field of technical studies in India. The Cotton College is century-old autonomous institution consistently delivering quality education in the fields of Science and Arts. The institute is now become a Deemed University having a PG institute independently. Apart from Cotton College the other prominent institutes are Gauhati Commerce College, College of Veterinary Science, Government Ayurvedic College, Arya Vidyapeeth College, B. Borooah College, Handique Girls College (the latter two have both Arts and Science streams), Assam Engineering College, Institute of Co-operative Mnanagement, Assam Institute of Management, Gauhati Institute for Management, Indian Institute for Hotel Management (IIHM) Guwahati etc.
The sixth Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) was established in 1994 at North Guwahati as part of the Assam Accord. At present the institute offers various subjects in eleven departments covering all the major engineering and science disciplines, offering B. Tech., M. Tech., Ph.D. and M.Sc. programs. The departments are Biotechnology, Civil Engineering, Chemistry, Computer Science, Humanities and Social Science, Design, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. Within a short period of time, IIT Guwahati has been able to build up the necessary infrastructure for carrying out advanced research and has been equipped with state-of-the-art scientific and engineering instruments.
Gauhati University, established at Jalukbari on 26 January 1948, is the first university in Northeast India. National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) of UGC has accredited this university with a 4-star rating. Gauhati University is offering almost all courses in all subjects including professional and technical courses.
Guwahati features the multi-purpose Nehru Stadium which hosts mainly cricket and football; while the Kanaklata Indoor Stadium in the R.G. Baruah Sports Complex (in the Ulubari locality) is one of the oldest sports complex in the city. There are smaller stadiums in Maligaon (the North-East Frontier Railway Stadium) and in Paltan Bazaar where the Sports Authority of India (SAI) complex is located.
The sporting infrastructure specially constructed for the 33rd National Games in 2007 include a large stadium at Sarusajai—the Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium, the Dr. Zakir Hussain Aquatic Complex, and the Karmabir Nabin Chandra Bordoloi A.C. Indoor Hall. Other new sports structures include the Maulana Md. Tayabullah Hockey Stadium at Bhetapara, the Deshbhakta Tarun Ram Phookan Indoor Stadium at Ulubari, Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium at Amingaon, Chachal Tennis Complex and Tepesia Sports Complex. The other renovated sports complexes include Ganesh Mandir Indoor Stadium at Khanapara, Rudra Singha Sports Complex at Dispur and Gauhati University Sports Stadium.
Guwahati is home to the Indian Super League club NorthEast United FC.
ACA Stadium is a cricket stadium located at Barsapara in Guwahati.
- Football clubs based in the city
Media & telecommunications[edit]
Assamese daily newspapers published from the city are Dainik Agradoot, Asomiya Pratidin, Asomiya Khobor, Amar Asom, Dainik Janambhumi, Janasadharan, Niyomiya Barta, Dainik Asam, Ajir Asom and Gana Adhikar. English dailies are The Assam Tribune, The Sentinel, The Telegraph, The Times of India and Eastern Chronicle.
Doordarshan Kendra Guwahati provides composite satellite television services to Northeast India. The Guwahati-based 24-hour regional news channels include News Live, DY 365, Pratidin Time, Prag News, Assam Talks and News 18 Assam/North-East.
In FM Radio, All India Radio, 92.7 BIG FM, Radio Gup-Shup 94.3 FM, and Red FM 93.5 are FM stations of the city. Telecom services are BSNL, Aircel, Airtel, Vodafone, Reliance and Idea Cellular.
Growth issues[edit]
- Increase in population
Guwahati has seen a rapid rise in population in the past few years. People from other parts of the state and the region routinely migrate to the city chiefly for education and occupation resulting in undesirable expansion of population in the city, which further brings with it many collateral problems in the city.[60]
- Price rise
One of the economic problems that the citizens of Guwahati have to put up with is the hike in prices of many essentials, chiefly vegetable, poultry and fish. The prices of these commodities keep escalating at an inordinate rate because of which the buyers find it difficult to buy these items. Vegetables are transported into Assam from West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra and Meghalaya and the truckers en route have to pay considerable amount of money as tax at various check posts.[61][62] It is one of the causes of rise in prices of vegetables in the markets of Guwahati. The prices of locally available vegetables and fruits undergo large markup because of transportation expenses grounds, besides intra-State check posts taxes. In addition to these, the wholesale dealers as well as the retail sellers augment the prices of the commodities according to their own desires. The prices of poultry, mainly chicken that reach the city markets from places like Chaygaon and Barpeta have been soaring rapidly because of similar factors. There has been steep rise in the prices of fishes as well, the prominent varieties of which being Rohu ("Rou"), Catla ("Bahu"), Walking catfish ("Magur") and Monopterus ("Kuchia") among many others.[63][64]
Notable people[edit]
- Naraka, founder of Naraka dynasty
- Bhagadatta, ruler of Naraka dynasty
- Bhaskar Varman, ruler of Kamarupa
- Durgabar Kayastha, medieval litterateur
- Tarun Ram Phukan, politician
- Nabakanta Barua, poet/educator
- Indira Goswami, novelist/educator
- Angaraag Mahanta, singer and composer
- Jim Ankan Deka, music composer, songwriter, singer, documentary film maker
- Shiva Thapa, boxer and Olympian
- Gokul Sharma, cricketer
- Bhupen Hazarika, singer Assam Ratna Award
See also[edit]
- ^ "Thai Airways explores feasibility of Guwahati-Thailand flight". Economic Times. Retrieved October 2015.
- ^ "An insider's guide to Guwahati: more than just a gateway to India's northeast". The Guardian. Retrieved October 2015.
- ^ a b "About Guwahati". guwahationline.in. Retrieved October 2015.
- ^ "Kamrup Metro District". Kamrup(M) District Administration. Retrieved October 2015.
- ^ "Assam Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi Officers List". tarungogoi.in. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ "Police Commissionerate Guwahati". Guwahati City Police. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ a b "Magisterial powers for Guwahati top cop". The Telegraph. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ "Guwahati City Census". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Capital of Assam". Assam Online Portal. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "History". Government of Assam. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
- ^ Choudhury, A.U. (2002). Big cats, elephant, rhino and gaur in Guwahati. The Rhino Found. NE India Newsletter 4:16-19.
- ^ Choudhury, A.U. (2003). Guwahati: the city of Adjutants and other endangered birds. The Rhino Found. NE India Newsletter 5:14-17.
- ^ "Kamrup Metro District". Kamrup(M) District Administration. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
- ^ "Geography of Guwahati". Guwahati Online Portal. Retrieved September 2015.
- ^ "Geographical Profile of Guwahati". Maharashtra Web Portal. Retrieved September 2015.
- ^ "Three injured in leopard attack". Times Of India. Retrieved December 2015.
- ^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.
- ^ "Guwahati Climate Normals 1971–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ (Gait 1906:13–15)
- ^ a b "Guwahati". guwahatitimes.com. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Civilisation existed in Guwahati between 2nd, 1st century BC". The Assam Tribune. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
- ^ "Assam in the eyes of Hiuen Tsang". enajori.com. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ "History". Assam Online Portal. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ Baruah 1993, pp. 200–201.
- ^ Reporter, Staff (11 May 2009). "Ambari excavation site reveals age of Guwahati". The Assam Tribune (Guwahati). Retrieved 12 June 2012.
- ^ Saikh Md Sabah Al-Ahmed. "The Tales of Ponds". The Assam Tribune (Guwahati). Retrieved 12 June 2012.
- ^ TI Trade. "Assam Tribune online". Assamtribune.com. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Guwahati's Urban Morphology". Assam Online Portal. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "Guwahati among 7 NE Smart Cities". The Assam Tribune. 28 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Smart City full list". The Financial Express. 28 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Assam Legislative Assembly - History". assamassembly.gov.in. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
- ^ "Dispur Map". Maps of India. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ "New Guwahati Municipal Corporation". Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ "GMDA Master Plan". Times Of India. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ "Map of Assembly constituencies, Assam". Maps of India. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Assam. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
- ^ "Guwahati gets police commissioner". Times Of India. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ "Gauhati High Court". Gauhati High Court. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ "Kamrup Metro District Judiciary". Kamrup Metro District Judiciary. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ "Urban Matrix: India's Top 50 Cities Ranked On Quality Of Life". Outlook Money. Retrieved September 2015.
- ^ "Guwahati Water Supply Project". The Louis Berger Group. Retrieved September 2015.
- ^ "Guwahati city population census 2011". census 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- ^ "Culture of Guwahati". guwahationline.in. Retrieved October 2015.
- ^ "Entertainment In Guwahati". guwahationline.in. Retrieved October 2015.
- ^ "Food of Guwahati". guwahationline.in. Retrieved October 2015.
- ^ a b "Business and Economy of Guwahati". GuwahatiOnline. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "National Waterway-2". India-WRIS. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
- ^ "Pandu-the river port". guwahati.com. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
- ^ "Guwahati Refinery". guwahationline.in. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "Water crisis in Guwahati Refinery". Times Of India. Retrieved December 2015.
- ^ "Guwahati Tea Auction Centre". guwahationline.in. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "Economy". Assam Online Portal. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "Thai Airways". The Economic Times. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ a b c "Public Transport In Guwahati". guwahationline.in. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ a b "How To Reach Guwahati". guwahatitimes.com. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Guwahati to have AC city buses". Assam Times. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ "Guwahati to get metro rail and feeder Bus Rapid Transit System - The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ Johnson, Marc (22 January 2013). "Assam Government discusses Guwahati metro proposal - Rail News from". rail.co. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ "Problems of Guwahati". assamtribune.com. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
- ^ "Increasing prices of potato causing concern". The Assam Tribune. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Govt yet to initiate action to check price rise". The Assam Tribune. 6 May 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Abnormal rise in prices of foodstuff hits citizens". The Assam Tribune. 30 June 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Rise in chicken, fish prices affects locals". The Times of India. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- Bibliography
- Baruah, Swarna Lata (1993). Last Days of Ahom Monarchy: A History of Assam from 1769 to 1826. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Limited. ISBN 978-81-215-0462-1.
- Gait, Sir Edward Albert (1906). A History of Assam. Thacker, Spink & Company.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guwahati.
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Guwahati
- Guwahati travel guide from Wikivoyage
- The Government of Assam
- Gauhati High Court - Legal Directory
- Guwahati Government Jobs & Vacancies
- The District of Kamrup


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Interview | Chuck Amos Wants to Visualize Your School District's Data
Posted on September 12, 2012 by victorrivero
by Judy Faust Hartnett In June of this year, Chuck Amos became the CEO of GuideK12. Amos has worked in the education technology field for 19 years, most recently heading up his own education-consulting firm. Previously he was the CEO … Continue reading →
Posted in interviews | Tagged Atomic Learning, Chuck Amos, CoSN, geovisual analytics in education, GuideK12, ISTE, Judy Faust Hartnett, liberating data, mapping K-12, SETDA, SIIA, visual data | 2 Comments


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New ink promotes new world tour.
Secrets Revealed: Dierks Bentley Grew Up Idolizing Billy Idol
During Twitter chat with fans, Dierks also reveals he's "fairly freaked out about having a boy."
Yes, indeed, Dierks Bentley, during a Twitter chat with fans Tuesday night (Aug. 27), revealed he grew up idolizing Billy Idol—and George Strait.
.@Maxs_M1N1ON oddly enough @BillyIdol and then @GeorgeStrait. and on that one i gotta go! i appreciate the support. see you soon!— Dierks Bentley (@DierksBentley) August 27, 2013
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Taken early afternoon, 10 Nov 2007. And yes, oddly enough, the dark building on the left is called Washington Athletic Club. Went out and looked at the building, and molded right into the architecture there is some kind of WAC shield as well as the words Washington Athletic Club.
It looks ancient, but a large part of this has to do with its mottled appearance which is a function of the light being reflected off of another building. 2 Union, I believe.
Photo taken in Pike Pine Retail Core, Seattle, WA, USA


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text:
Top 10 Hotels in St. George's
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True Blue Bay Resort
19 Old Mill Avenue, St. George's3.5 out of 5.0
This family-friendly St. George's hotel is located on the waterfront, within 2 mi (3 km) of St. George's University, Prickly …
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1 Point Salines, St. George's3.5 out of 5.0
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Grand Anse Beach, St. George's3.0 out of 5.0
Located in Grand Anse, this beach hotel is within a 15-minute walk of Spiceland Mall and Grand Anse Beach. Le Marquis …
Maca Bana Luxury Boutique Resort
Point Salines, St. George's4.0 out of 5.0
Nestled on the beach, this St. George's hotel is within a 15-minute walk of Aquarium Beach and Pink Gin Beach. Portici Beach …
La Heliconia
Point Salines, St. George's 11153.0 out of 5.0
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Judy's Furnished Apartment
Settlement Road, Second Avenue, St. George's3.0 out of 5.0
Situated in St. George's, this apartment is 0.7 mi (1.1 km) from Excel Plaza and 1.3 mi (2.1 km) from Grand Anse Beach. Le …
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 16, 1993
|Filing date
|Apr 25, 1991
|Priority date
|Apr 25, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kenneth L. Hixon, James E. Bruce
|Original Assignee
|Cablelite Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (1), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to the art of fiber optics, and in particular to a conduit which increases the optical efficiency of a fiber optical cable, and simultaneously provides a channel within which a fiber optical cable is supported and guided.
The use of a solid core light transfer media, fiber optical cables for use in general, specialized and display lighting have been widely accepted and very popular in the United States and all over the world. For instance, fiber optical cables have been used for outdoor lighting, shopping center displays, signs, nightclub lighting effects and even to outline large buildings.
These fiber optical cables allow the transfer of light without electricity. This factor is particularly important where the hazards of electricity, heat generation and space restrictions render conventional lighting unsuitable and in some instances dangerous. For example, conventional lighting when in contact with water can cause dangerous electrical shocks. However, fiber optical cables provide a safe light transfer medium for almost all kinds of environmental conditions.
In view of the many uses of fiber optical cables, it has been very difficult and expensive to produce a light cable that will transmit light effectively and uniformly over long distances with sufficient light intensity or brightness.
Typically, light-guiding optical fibers comprise a cylindrical polymeric core having a relatively high refractive index and a tubular cladding having a low refractive index surrounding the core. Therebetween the outer surface of the core and the inner surface of the cladding is a gap of air or other material. Optical fibers made by a conventional process have a non-uniform and relatively wide air gap (e.g. gap size of approximately 0.003 to 0.005 inches) between the core and the cladding. These wide and irregular spacings of air between the core and the cladding cause bright and dark spots of light to emanate from the outer surface of a fiber optical cable. Consequently, fiber optical cables having excessive and/or varying gap widths between the core and the cladding have very poor light emittance of transmission characteristics.
It is well known in the prior art that the reduction of this air space between the core and the cladding will result in a fiber optical cable with improved light emittance and transmission. Minimizing this gap both in width and uniformity improves the efficiency, intensity and uniformity of the light traveling through a fiber optical cable. Light travelling within a fiber optical cable having no gap or a negligible gap can be transmitted with enhanced brightness over longer lengths of cable.
One type of fiber optical cable known in the prior art, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,957,347, has a polymeric core surrounded by a heat shrinkable outer cladding. The air space between the core and the cladding is uniformly narrowed as a result of using a heat shrinkable material. By shrinking the cladding around the polymeric core, the air space between the core and the cladding is reduced, but not eliminated.
Furthermore, it is also well known in the art to use profiles or conduits to guide and support fiber optical cables. The conduits not only provide a channel to receive the optical cables, but also provide for colored lighting when such conduits are color-tinted.
Hence, the advantage of eliminating the aforementioned air gap to enhance light emittance and transmission in fiber optical cables, and the concurrent need for a conduit to support these cables makes the fiber optical conduit of the present invention a practical and an economical alternative to current fiber optical light technology, which is very expensive. Thus, there has been a long-standing need in the art for an effective way to substantially eliminate this air gap without using expensive heat shrinkable materials, while at the same time providing a conduit for supporting and installing fiber optical cables.
It is therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved conduit that increases the optical efficiency of a fiber optical cable.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new and improved conduit, which substantially eliminates the air gap between the core and cladding of a fiber optical cable.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved conduit for use with optical fiber cables that significantly increases the efficiency and uniform light emission and transmission properties of fiber optical cables.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved conduit which eliminates the air gap between the core and cladding of the fiber optical cable and provides a channel for supporting a fiber optical cable.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved conduit which facilitates the installation of fiber optical cables.
Still another object of the present invention is to reduce the expense associated with fiber optical cables.
The fiber optical cable conduit of this present invention is for enhancing light emissions from a fiber optical cable. The cable has a cladding concentrically disposed about a core, with a gap between the core and the cladding. The conduit has a retaining member defining a first channel and a base member defining a second channel, where both first and second channels are adapted to receive a fiber optical cable, and where the retaining member is mountable within the base member to retain the cable within the first and second channels and to exert a compressive force on the cable to substantially eliminate the gap.
Furthermore, the retaining member has a top wall and first and second opposed side walls and the base member has a bottom portion and third and fourth opposed side walls, where the first and second side walls are deflectable to allow respective portions of the first and second side walls to be received within the second channel, and the first and second side walls yielding against the respective third and fourth side walls when the respective portions of the first and second side walls are received in the second channel. The top wall, the first and second side walls and the bottom portion cooperate to exert the compressive force on the cable, therefore, substantially eliminating the gap.
The foregoing objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become clearer and more fully understood when the following detailed description is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional fiber optical cable;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fiber optical cable conduit according to the present invention, showing a fiber optical cable extending through the conduit;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the conduit of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the conduit of FIG. 2, taken along the lines 4--4 of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a fiber optical cable conduit, according to the present invention.
In the description which follows, like parts are indicated throughout the specification and drawings with the same reference numerals, respectively. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, and certain parts have been exaggerated to better illustrate the details of the present invention.
By referring to FIG. 1, a conventional optical fiber cable will be described to provide a meaningful context within which a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. Illustrated in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional fiber optical cable 10 as is known from the prior art.
Optical fiber as herein described are generally manufactured by a process in which a cylindrical tube 12 made from a fluorinated ethylenepropylene copolymer, such as the type of copolymer manufactured and sold by the Du Pont de Nemours, E. I. Company, Wilmington, Del. 19898 under the trademark TEFLON, is filled with a monomer mixture, which is polymerized in a reactor to form a flexible light transmitting and emitting polymeric core 14. Core 14 has a relatively high refractive index as compared with the, relatively, low refractive index of the surrounding tube 12, which is referred to in the art as the outer cladding. During polymerization, the core 14 typically shrinks in both diameter and length relative to the monomer filling in the outer cladding 12. This shrinkage creates a gap 16 between the core 14 and the cladding 12. Although the gap 16 usually contains air, it can contain other materials that have a lower refractive index than the polymeric core 14. Optical fibers made by the aforementioned process have non-uniform gaps 16 between the core 14 and the cladding 12. The irregularity of the air gap 16 causes bright and dark spots of light to be emitted from the optical cable 10. As a consequence of this spotting effect, the optical efficiency of fiber optical cable 10 is reduced.
As previously described, the prior art discloses the use of heat shrinkable material as the outer cladding 12. After polymerization of the core monomer and subsequent shrinkage thereof, heat is then applied to the outer cladding 12 to shrink it around the polymeric core 14, thereby reducing the size of the air gap 16.
In accordance with the present invention, a fiber optical cable conduit is provided, which increases the optical efficiency of fiber optical cables and at the same time provides a channel to install, support and guide fiber optical cables.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a length of fiber optical cable 10 length extends through a conduit 18, according to the present invention. Referring also to FIG. 3, conduit 18 includes a retaining member 20 and a base member 22. Retaining member 20 has a top wall 24 and deflectable side walls 26 and 28 depending from top wall 24, such that side walls 26 and 28 cooperate with the top wall 24 to define an inverted U-shaped channel 30. Channel 30 is adapted to receive a length of fiber optical cable 10. As can best be seen in FIG. 2, cable 10 extends through conduit 18, such that a portion of cable 10 protrudes from conduit 18 to allow cable 10 to be cut to the desired length. Now also referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, side walls 26 and 28 respective outwardly projecting bottom flanges 27 and 29, extending substantially along the entire length of conduit 18. Base member 22 has a relatively flat bottom portion 34 and opposed upstanding side walls 36 and 38. Side walls 36 and 38 cooperate with bottom portion 34 to define a substantially U-shaped channel 44. Side walls 36 and 38 have respective inwardly projecting top flanges 40 and 42, extending substantially along the entire length of conduit 18.
Cable 10 is inserted into base member 22, so that cable 10 is received within channel 44. Retaining member 20 is then inserted into base member 22 by compressing respective lower portions of side walls 26 and 28 (including flanges 27 and 29) inwardly and inserting the respective lower portions of side walls 26 and 28 into channel 44.
When retaining member 20 is positioned with respect to base member 22 such that respective lower portions (including flanges 27 and 29) of side walls 26 and 28 are received within channel 44, side walls 26 and 28 exert a positive pressure against the side walls 36 and 38. Respective top surfaces of flanges 27 and 29 define respective shoulders 27A and 29A and respective bottom surfaces of flanges 40 and 42 define respective shoulders 40A and 42A. Shoulders 27A and 29A engage respective shoulders 40A and 42A to prevent retaining member 20 from being disengaged from base member 22 along a vertical axis. Respective outwardly facing surfaces 27B and 29B of flanges 27 and 29 are beveled to engage complementary beveled surfaces 36A and 38A of side walls 36 and 38. A pad 52 which is made of a resilient, preferably translucent, material, such as foam rubber or the like, is positioned within channel 44 and rests on bottom portion 34. Pad 52 acts as a filler material so that conduit 18 can be used with cables 10 of varying diameter and provides a cushion to prevent the compressive force from damaging the cable 10.
Now referring to FIG. 4, pad 52 is shown supporting a portion of the fiber optical cable 10. Furthermore, the retaining member 20 and base member 22 cooperate to hold fiber optical cable 10 within channels 30 and 44.
In accordance with the present invention, a compressive force is exerted on cable 10 by top member 24, deflectable side walls 26 and 28 and bottom portion 34 to substantially eliminate the gap between the outer cladding 12 and inner core 14 of cable 10. Elimination of the gap significantly increases the optical efficiency of the fiber optical cable 10. Optical efficiency is defined as the ratio of light output of light input for a given length and cross-section of a fiber optical cable. Light emitting from the outer periphery of outer cladding 12 of fiber optical cable 10 received within the conduit 18 of the present invention is significantly brighter than in the prior art fiber optical cables and the emitted light has the appearance of a neon light.
Alternatively, the retaining member 20 and base member 22 can be made from polyvinylchloride, acrylic or any pliable translucent material. In the preferred embodiment, the retaining member 20 and the base member 22 are made of a thermoplastic carbonate linked polymer, manufactured and sold by General Electric Company, Pittsfield, Mass. 01201, under the trademark LEXAN. In another embodiment, the retaining member 20 is color-tinted so when light is transferred through fiber optical cable 10, the emitted light appears to be colored.
In operation, a length of fiber optical cable 10 is positioned within channel 44 of base member 22. Retaining member 20 is then positioned above base member 22, such that cable 10 is also received within channel 30. While compressing the deflectable side walls 26 and 28 together, the retaining member 20 is lowered into channel 44, such that the flanges 27 and 29 engage respective side walls 36 and 38 and flange 40 and 42, as previously described, to mount retaining member 20 with base member 22 and retain fiber optical cable 10 in place within conduit 18.
The fiber optical cable conduit 18 according to the present invention also protects fiber optical cable 10, as well as increases the optical efficiency thereof. In almost all installations of fiber optical cables, profiles are used to protect and guide the cables. According to prior practice, these profiles only provide a channel to receive the fiber optical cables and do not increase the optical efficiency of the cables.
In an alternate embodiment of the invention, a top portion 54A of a retaining member 54 of a conduit 56 is rounded to substantially conform to the shape of the fiber optical cable 10. Conduit 56 not only has an enhanced aesthetic quality, but also increases the optical efficiency of the fiber optical cable 10 by exerting a compressive force on a substantially area of outer cladding 12 of cable 10.
While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described herein, further modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the art. For example, advantages of the conduit 18 of the present invention can still be seen using fiber optical cable having a heat shrinkable outer cladding. The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention are illustrated in explanation thereof, and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 20, 1985
|Dec 22, 1987
|Aster Associates
|Optical fiber unit having protective assembly
|Aug 28, 1987
|Jun 21, 1988
|Amp Incorporated
|Fiber optic connector
|Jan 30, 1989
|Sep 18, 1990
|Lumenyte International Corporation
|Clad optical conduit and method of manufacture
|Jul 27, 1989
|Oct 23, 1990
|Northern Telecom Limited
|Fiber optic connector element and method for its use
|Aug 28, 1989
|Dec 18, 1990
|Raynet Corporation
|Stepped cable block
|Aug 13, 1990
|Oct 1, 1991
|Lumenyte International Corporation
|Optical conduit with thermoplastic clad
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 1995
|Aug 5, 1997
|Glass Illuminations, Inc.
|Fiber optics illuminator system
|U.S. Classification
|385/102, 385/137
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 22, 1993
Owner name: CABLE LIFE CORPORATION, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:HIXON, KENNETH L.;BRUCE, JAMES E.;REEL/FRAME:006467/0753;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930119 TO 19930121
|Sep 24, 1996
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Feb 16, 1997
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Apr 29, 1997
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19970219


text:
Off the Wall
Make your dreams your reality. #nightlymeditation
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Tag Archives: alex and ani guest blogger blood donor awareness month
Guest Blogger: Lindsey Bailer, Cancer Survivor, On The Importance Of Donating Blood
In honor of Blood Donor Awareness Month, we wanted to share a story that is particularly close to the Alex …
Posted in Motivation Nation Tagged Alex and Ani, alex and ani bangle, alex and ani bangles, alex and ani blog, alex and ani blood donor awareness month, alex and ani blood drive, alex and ani bracelet, alex and ani bracelets, alex and ani charity, alex and ani charity bangle, Alex and Ani Charity By Design, alex and ani charity event, alex and ani guest blog, alex and ani guest blogger, alex and ani guest blogger blood donor awareness month, alex and ani lindsey bailer, alex and ani rhode island blood center, blood donor awareness month, charity alex and ani, charity by design alex and ani, charity by design bangle, rhode island blood center, rhode island blood center blood drive Leave a commentView Story
Brendon Cunha


text:
AddingNewEventArgs.NewObject Property
Gets or sets the object to be added to the binding list.
Assembly: System (in System.dll)
The following code example demonstrates how to use the AddingNewEventArgs class to handle the BindingSource.AddingNew event. This code example is part of a larger example provided in How to: Customize Item Addition with the Windows Forms BindingSource.
Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP Starter Edition, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2000 SP4, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 98, Windows CE, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC, Xbox 360, Zune
The .NET Framework and .NET Compact Framework do not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.


text:
CompositionWhite round neck t-shirt made of 100% cotton with graphic on the front and back that has felted bits on the lettering and an appliqued dragon on the frontWash care1. Machine wash in c
Applicable VAT on the basis of exact location & discount will be charged at the time of checkout
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Free Delivery on order above Rs. 999
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text:
Crazy Substitute Teachers
Enjoy, NG4.03 / 5.00 2,268 Views
Vacuum Salesman
This dude and his Megazord vacuum cleaner4.00 / 5.00 2,655 Views
Markiplier Animated | Mark Of The Survey Corps
This took far too long to make...3.97 / 5.00 5,871 Views
sex squido
Ok why is this #1 , i admit its well done but its not that interesting! I guess maybe because of all the sexual connotations!
That was Funny. Finally people are learning that they can use tentacles for... "neutral good" and not evil.
Well I guess it's true
"Once you tentacle, You stay in the pentacle."
Wish me luck on coining that. (T.T)
I saw that coming
the second the guy said tentacles I said to myself "yeah she's gonna get raped by whatever it is." hahaha and I was not disappointed. Although I do like the happy ending. Hope you make another flash like this.
Skillfully done.
This is a work of art. It's spooky, hilarious, and maintaining a somewhat realistic feeling in how slow paced it is. The character designs are incredible, the sound effects and voice acting are also top notch. Great work on this.
The thought of the ending was in the back of my mind. Not the marriage part but I knew when I heard tentacles, some crap like that was ganna happen. well I like everything except the whole amine rape thing, the nice ending made it better though.


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Multi-mode mobile equipments requires efficient radio-frequency (RF) filtering solutions to solve interference problems in a UMTS system integrated with a mobile television function. We designed and fabricated a pair of RF filters consisting of a band-pass and a band-stop filter, based on temperature-stable bulk acoustic wave resonator (BAW) technology. Both filters measurably demonstrate low insertion loss (~3dB), high rejections (35~40 dB), and fast roll-off (~10 MHz from pass band to stop band). Furthermore, they achieve a low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of -4 ppm/°C, which is five times lower than a conventional BAW filter. The low TCF is of critical importance, particularly in the sharp skirt region, since trivial frequency changes associated with temperature variation could lead to failure against filter specifications at the skirt corners. The proposed filtering solution can be applied to minimize interference present in similar systems, such as mobile phones integrated with satellite radio or GPS navigation.