text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 21, 1982
|Filing date
|May 30, 1979
|Priority date
|Feb 26, 1979
|Publication number
|Joseph Goott
|Original Assignee
|Tropic Industries, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (95), Classifications (12), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 15,151, filed Feb. 26, 1979, now abandoned which, in turn, was a continuation of my application Ser. No. 808,954, filed June 22, 1977, and now abandoned.
The present invention is directed to a game using a novel combination of a Kento-type game and a form of game described in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,998,462, issued Dec. 21, 1976, which is played basically upon probabilities and, more particularly, a game of chance which utilizes the elements of Keno and poker and which can be played by one or more players or, for that matter, very many players at the same time.
The game of the present invention can be played by persons having detailed knowledge of poker but, at the same time, is enjoyable and readily understood by those who enjoy Keno as well as those who are only vaguely or not at all familiar with the game of poker. Even those who are not familiar with poker or Keno are able to play the game of the present invention intelligently because the odds of guessing successfully are printed on both the game board, as well as upon slips given to each player for each game. Moreover, players can make inconsistent plays, if they so desire, by virtue of the arrangement of the game surface and the manner in which the game is played.
The foregoing objects have been achieved in accordance with the present invention by providing a Keno-type apparatus and a game board which can either be hung in a room or a game table. As is well known in the game of Keno, twenty winning numbers are selected at random from a clear plastic bowl or a metal cage called a "goose" which contains eighty balls that are numbered from 1 through 80. All of the balls are mixed by an air current and 20 balls are blown one at a time into two "rabbit ears." Such machines are conventional and are manufactured, for example, by Tripp Plastics, in Reno, Nev. Other variations of this arrangement exist, but the foregoing is illustrative of the type of arrangement which is generally used. After the twenty balls are blown into the "rabbit ears," the results are displayed on one or more Keno boards which can be located in places where the selected numbers are prominently displayed on the boards.
With the present invention, instead of numbers 1 through 80 being provided on Keno balls in the "goose," 52 balls are present in the "goose" and each bears a representation of one of 52 cards in a conventional playing deck of cards used in poker. That is, each ball contains the representation of a suit (e.g. Heart) as well as a number of face card (e.g. 2, 3, 4 etc. or Jack. Queen or King). At the beginning of a game, the operator blows at random five balls from the "goose," where the fifty-two balls have been mixed or shuffled, into the "rabbit ears" in the order 1 through 5 to represent a dealer who normally places five cards face down from a deck of cards in dealing a poker hand. According to one embodiment of the present invention, prior to the five balls representing cards of a poker hand being blown into the "rabbit ears," each participant in the game can guess on slips whether each card is a high card (e.g., 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace) or a low card (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7). If, for example, five balls are blown into the rabbit ears, each participant will have the opportunity of guessing whether one or more of the five "cards" is a high card or a low card. Of course, the participants are not required to make any guesses for this purpose, although it is obviously expected that each participant having a slip will play in some aspect of the game during each "hand" that is dealt by the operator blowing the balls into the "rabbit ears" from the "goose."
Furthermore, prior to the five balls being blown into the "rabbit ears" to represent the number of cards in a poker deal, each game participant will have the opportunity of deciding, for example, by indicating on his or her slip if all of the cards in that hand are all red or all black or if all the cards in the hand are face cards (i.e., Jacks, Queens, and/or Kings). Furthermore, the participants likewise have the option of guessing, based upon the odds printed on the game board, whether the dealt hand will constitute all high cards (e.g., 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace), a pair of sixes or better, a pat seven or better (i.e., 7 or lower with no pairings), all low cards (e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7), two pairs, three of a king, a straight, a flush, and/or a full house.
Prior to the beginning of each game, the participants can also mark on their slips their guess for playing "pat hands," The players are informed of the dealer's odds against the chances of a player's being successful based upon the information on the board. According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the highest card in such a pat hand can be an "8" card and the remaining cards must be lower and unpaired. A "wheel," i.e., a straight of 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 is considered by the dealer to deserve the highest odds in playing "pat hands."
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the game can be played on a table without the use of slips by using chips or the like directly on the table at the particular spot or spots containing the card values or combinations upon which the player desires to guess for a particular hand.
These and further objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the following drawing which shows, for purposes of illustration only, several preferred embodiments of the present invention, and more particularly:
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the novel arrangement on the surface of the board upon which the game results are electrically displayed in a conventional manner and which arrangement is also printed on slips used by the game participants;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a conventional device for blowing the balls and thus constituting, in effect, a dealing of the cards in conjunction with the game board and the slips used by the participants for indicating their guesses; and
FIG. 3 shows one of the balls representing the two of Spades.
FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the novel game wherein a game table is used and, instead of slips, chips or the like are placed directly on the game table surface; and
FIG. 5 is a plan view of one of the game surfaces on the table shown in FIG. 4.
Referring now to the drawing and, in particular, to FIG. 1, numeral 10 designates generally a game board which is electrically operated in a conventional manner and which can be large enough, e.g. 3 feet high by about 4 feet wide, to be seen in a large room. The board, also designated by the numeral 10 in FIG. 2, is provided with markings for electrically displaying the results of the balls blown by a Keno-type "goose" schematically shown and designated generally by the numeral 40 in FIG. 2. On the board surface 10, there are five large numbers "1" through "5" to designate each of the five cards of a conventional poker hand which are blown up into "rabbit ears" 41 of the Keno-type goose 40 during the game. The "goose" 42 contains fifty-two balls 43 representing the thirteen cards of each suit (Hearts, Diamonds, Spades, and Clubs) conventionally used in the game of poker. A control panel permits the operator before the beginning of the game to randomly mix or "shuffle" the balls in the goose and then blow or "deal" five balls into the "rabbit ears" 41.
On one side of approximately the center line of the board surface 10 are provided two rows of boxes 11 and 17 with the box in each row aligned under each large number. One row 11 of five boxes (the boxes of which are designated only for the description purposes here by the numerals 12 through 16) is adjacent the word "HI." Similarly, the other row 17 of five boxes (the boxes of which are designated only for description purposes here by numerals 18 through 22) aligned with each large number and with the "HI" boxes is adjacent the word "Lo." The manner and sequence in which the players proceed to utilize these boxes will be described hereinbelow. However, it can be seen that the players have a choice for each card being dealt of calculating the chance of whether such card is a high card (i.e., 9, 10, Jack Queen, King, or Ace), or a low card (i.e., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7). In any event, the odds given for guessing whether such card is "HI" or "Lo" can also be stated in each of the boxes 12 through 16 and 18 through 22 as being 1 for 1.
On the other side of the imaginary center line of the game board 10 are provided a row 23 of boxes (designated only for purposes of description here by the numerals 24 through 29) where the players can guess the chance of the cards 1 through 5 dealt in a hand being all in red suits and/or high cards (9through Ace) and/or all face cards (Jacks, Queens, Kings), a pair of sixes or better, a pat 7 or better (no card higher than a seven and no pairings), and/or two pairs. Again, the odds on the correctness of any such guess can be stated in each of the appropriate boxes and may vary according to the mathematical probability of achieving such a hand. Likewise, there is also provided a row 30 of boxes (designated only for purposes of description here by the numerals 31 through 36) with a space for each player to guess if the card hand dealt by the Keno-type machine will contain cards all in black suits, and/or low cards (2 through 7), and/or three of a kind, and/or a straight, and/or a flush, and/or a full house, which terms are well-known in the game of poker and which are used here in the same sense. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the game board clearly shows that only for the two rows 11 and 17 of boxes, the players are clearly advised that "Aces Are High And 8 Is House Card In HI-Lo Only."
At the lower part of the game board (or, alternatively in another form or embodiment, arranged in the center of the game board between rows 17 and 23), a box 37 larger than the above-described rows of boxes is provided for "Pat Hands." In this box are contained the instructions and odds for the cards of a hand which constitute "Pat Hands." For example, for pat hands an Ace may be considered a "1." According to a present preferred embodiment of the game, prior to the beginning of the game, a player who desires to guess on the value of a "pat hand" in box 37 must specify on his or her slip whether, if the hand is a "pat hand," the hand will be any 8 or under, or any 7-6 or under, or any 7-5 or under, and so on. As will be readily appreciated, the odds for making a correct guess of any 8 or under will be less than a correct guess for any 7-6 or under and so on. A player who guesses that the cards "dealt" in the hand when displayed on the board 10 at game's end will comprise a 5, 4, 3, 2, and an Ace (also known as a "wheel"), does so on the basis of the displayed odds which are the highest odds in view of the probabilities against such a hand being dealt.
By way of illustration only, the game board 10 can be about three feet high by about four feet wide and the box in each row of boxes can be about 3 inches by 3 inches. However, it should be clearly understood that these dimensions can be varied without departing from the present invention. The board also contains on the right-hand margin, a portion 38 which can be lit up to show when the game is "closed," i.e., is not in play. The left-hand margin 39 of the game board, on the other hand, contains a conventional means to sequentially light up the particular number of the game being played for control purposes. Each person who participates in this game will receive a slip 45, as shown in FIG. 2, bearing basically the same pattern shown on the game board surface 10 described above. For said control purposes, the slip may be previously or subsequently marked with the game number which must correspond to the results of the game number shown on the board. Likewise, although not absolutely critical, the basic pattern of the rows of boxes on the game board surface 10 can also be produced on a keyboard panel 46 of the Keno-type "goose" so that as the balls representing the cards are blown into the "rabbit ears," the machine operator can punch the appropriate button for the box in the panel 46 which is electrically connected in a conventional manner or electronically relayed over a telephone type cord to the game board 10 using, for example, rear screen projection for displaying the five cards selected and lamps to light up the appropriate boxes on the game board.
Prior to the game, each participant marks one or more slips with the desired guesses. The player need mark only one box or as many boxes as are desired, even if the guesses are inconsistent, with the exception of box 37 for "Pat Hands" where the player must specify the pat hand value or under. After the slips are collected, the machine operator activates the machine for shuffling or mixing the balls and thereafter blowing five of these balls into the rabbit ears corresponding to numerals 1 through 5 on the game board. As each of the five balls is blown, or alternatively after all of the five balls are blown, the cards are pictorially displayed in the box 47 beneath each of the numerals 1 through 5 in the order in which the balls were blown into the "rabbit ears." Depending upon the hand "dealt", the machine operator will by means of panel 46 activate and illuminate one or more of the appropriate boxes in rows 11, 17, 23, 30, and 37. Any player who has correctly guessed on the slip or slips with respect to one or more of the appropriate boxes is considered a winner and receives a number of chips or the like commensurate with the particular game odds.
The embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is played in the manner described above in connection with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 3. However, instead of using a surface 10 which is hung in a room and slips, the "goose" 42' can be located on a game table designated generally by the numeral 50 having one or more game surfaces thereon. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the game table 50 has two identical surface 51A, 51B upon which the results of a particular poker hand are displayed. Players can thus play upon either surface, such as the one shown in FIG. 5, and make their guesses by placing chips or the like in the particular area on the table surface in which the player is attempting to guess whether the card or cards in a particular poker hand selected by operation of the "goose" will have a certain value or will have a certain combination of values or will be of a certain suit or the like. The dealer blows the balls into the "rabbit ear" and then presses the appropriate display buttons, via conventional electronic means, to display the results, including combinations, upon the surface 51A, 51B so that winning guesses can be quickly ascertained.
While I have shown and described several embodiments of my invention, it is to be clearly understood that the same is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the particular odds shown in the drawings may be varied. Therefore, I do not wish to be limited to the details shown and described herein but intend to cover all such modifications as are encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 10, 1982
Owner name: TROPIC INDUSTRIES, INC A CORP OF UTAH
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:POKER-ALL KENO INC;REEL/FRAME:004032/0382
Effective date: 19820830


text:
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The Kyle flatware pattern features an attractive beaded trim design on the handle. Simple yet unique, it's a versatile pattern for blending with existing tabletop decoration.This Kyle dessert spoon is an excellent addition to any table setting. The detailed edge design on this spoon is a popular shape for any restaurant dining service. Constructed of 18/0 stainless steel, it's an easy-to-clean and dishwasher-safe dessert spoon. Used in formal and informal dining service, this dessert spoon is a must-have for serving ice cream and other dessert items on the menu!
These spoons are similar to the pattern of our everyday stainless and were purchased to replace spoons that had mysteriously disappeared. Although they are not an exact match they are close enough for everyday use. (Posted on 6/8/2008)
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to Tie Me Up by Doro Pesch. Please check back for more Doro Pesch lyrics.
Tie Me Up Lyrics
Artist: Doro Pesch
Album: Machine II Machine
Black velvet, pale moonlight
What I touch is feeling hot... we heat it up
Dark shadows in motion
We melt and we never stop
Show me heaven and the end of the world
Fear no danger and invite the absurd
Be my temple where I pray for more
Be my mirror where I'm free to let go
Tie me up and make me scream out loud
Tie me up and tie me down
Tie me up, tie me inside out
Just turn me on and come around
In danger, in hunger
In something like a cage... we heat it up
Warm bleeding, soft screaming
I feel some human chain
Show me wicked toys and all there is
Fear no game I'm sure I will be pleased
Be my blood moving fast or slow
Take your time the end is up to you
I love it when you scream out loud
Tie me up, tie me up and down
Tie me up and make me scream out loud
Tie me up and tie me down
Tie me up, tie me inside out
Just turn me on and come around
Turn me on, turn me all night long
Tie me up and move along
Tie me up
Tie me up
Doro Pesch Lyrics
Doro Pesch Machine II Machine Lyrics
More Doro Pesch Music Lyrics:
Doro Pesch - Can't Stop Thinking About You Lyrics
Doro Pesch - Danke Lyrics
Doro Pesch - Do You Like It? Lyrics
Doro Pesch - Fur Immer Lyrics
Doro Pesch - Love Song Lyrics
Doro Pesch - Prisoner of Love Lyrics
Doro Pesch - Rock Before We Bleed Lyrics
Doro Pesch - Rock On Lyrics


text:
The 1980s television program MacGyver sparked interest in science. The National Academy of Engineering is hoping it can serve as inspiration to a new generation, and is sponsoring a contest for ideas for a show that would feature a female engineer in the lead role. UT students—male or female, engineer or not—are encouraged to enter.
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The decision to move a loved one into a nursing home or assisted living facility is often difficult—and made more stressful because of the expense. Matthew Harris, an assistant professor of economics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, has partnered with A Place for Mom, North America's largest senior referral service, to produce an assisted living price index and to further academic research on how individuals can make choices about residential long-term care.
UT Recycling Offers Express E-Waste Disposal
Ever wonder what happened to all those old, boxy desktop computers, or the big grey cell phones with telescoping antennae? UT Recycling offers a way for faculty and staff to recycle everyday office e-waste such as small batteries, printer cartridges, and broken or outdated electronics.
Facilities Services to Host Sustainability Workshop April 21
Looking for tips to help you adopt more sustainable practices at home and work? Facilities Services is hosting a campus workshop, "Facilities Fundamentals: Everyday Sustainability for Home & Work," from 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Tuesday, April 21, at the International House Great Room. The event is open to the public.
Cumberland Avenue Redesign Work Underway
A two-year City of Knoxville project to reconstruct the Cumberland Avenue corridor through campus is underway. Motorists should anticipate closed lanes from West Volunteer Boulevard to Twenty-First Street to allow for a one-block tapering of traffic.
UT Business Analytics Forum to Address Digital Marketing Issues
The Haslam College of Business will host business analytics authorities from across the country to its semi-annual Business Analytics Forum April 20–21 in the Carolyn P. Brown Memorial University Center, 1502 West Cumberland Avenue.
Lifepoint Hospitals CAO Receives Accomplished Alumnus Award
Mike Coggin, chief accounting officer of LifePoint Hospitals Inc., and a 1991 and 1992 graduate of UT's Haslam College of Business, returned to campus Tuesday to talk with students and receive an Accomplished Alumnus Award.
UT Student Earns Princeton in Asia Fellowship to Work at Myanmar Newspaper
R. J. Vogt, a Haslam Scholar and senior in the College Scholars program, has won a Princeton in Asia fellowship that will allow him to spend at least a year working at a bilingual newspaper in the country of Myanmar. Vogt, of Nashville will leave in August to work at the Myanmar Times, a weekly newspaper that is transitioning to a daily. He'll be living in Yangon, the city formerly known as Rangoon.
Knoxville Campus Employee Survey Results Show Broad Improvements
Employees of the Knoxville campus have improved their overall views about UT's compensation and benefits, the competency of supervisors, and confidence in senior leadership. These are just some of the broad improvements in the 2014 Employee Engagement Survey results for the Knoxville campus.


text:
Yes, it was most likely just a typo on his part; it's supposed to be "long long".
btw, is "log long" supposed to be "long long"? thought we were gonna use logarithms hehe.
Yes, it was supposed to be long long.
will correct it now.
Jump to content
i started programeing becouse i want to make games that ROCK
not games that are boreing ,
i started with C# and XNA Game Studio 2 ,it was fun but was not to last
becouse i didnt like the Limitations of XNA GS2 and hence have
UPGRADED to DirectX & C++ ,
Hope this wasent too Boreing .


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Narrow down the 154 results:
x The average starting price for a place to stay in Siem Reap is £33 per night.
Wat Bo Street, Banteay Chas Village Slor Kram CommuneOutstanding 100%
Wat Damnak Village Salakamreuk CommuneOutstanding 100%
#683 street. 63 (Sivutha), Vihear Chen Village, Svay Dongkum CommuneOutstanding 100%
#144, Taphul Village Svay DongkumOutstanding 100%
Bakheng Street Siem ReapOutstanding 97%
222 Sombaï Street SalaKamreuk VillageExcellent 94%
7 Makara St (High School Road) Wat DamnakExcellent 93%
#0658, Chongkaosou Village Slakram Commune,On Route #6Excellent 92%
ryepogee6 This is the best value for money hostel we have ever stayed! The hostel is excellent in all aspects. The beautifully designed hotel imbibed a feeling of a home-away-from-home atmosphere for us. The rooms are beautiful, clean and comfy. Breakfast was good. But what impressed us the most was the attitude and personality of the hotel staff. They were wonderful, friendly, courteous, and very helpful in attending to all our needs and to the tenants in general. They spoke very good English too. We had a blast from the day long tour the arranged for us with our Tuktuk driver, Mr. Long, and is now planning to visit Siem Reap again because of the wonderful experience we had! We would definitely, definitely stay here again and likewise would recommend this hotel to anyone who will be visiting Siem Reap! You won't regret it! :-)
Road No.26 Wat Bo SalakamreukExcellent 92%
davefoster Stayed at Siemreaprooms gh quite by accident as I was actually staying in the Fivestarangkor guesthouse that was previously run by the owner Phil, but the fivestar was totally flooded by typhoon Ketsana so Phil transferred us to this new place of his which he is calling Siemreaprooms guesthouse (he still did not have the new sign up when I left). Apart from the flooding disaster I could see why Phil was moving location. Siemreaprooms gh is much newer with nice bathrooms, very clean rooms, and with a nice living area at the front of the place (Phil had plans to do a bar and restaurant at the front but at the time I was there he had not got around to doing it yet). Overall: The location was fantastic, very clean, great value, needs more facilites but great service. Location: Location was fantastic, and it took me only 3 minutes to walk to the Old market and centre of town. Cleanliness: Very clean rooms, very clean reception and lobby area, linen very clean and bathrooms very clean. Value: I paid 8$ for a single fan room which I thought was excellent value for the location and service. Facilities: It did lack services such as restaurant and bar but then again it had just opened and I think it opened unexpectantly. Old market and pub street are so close so maybe I would probably not of used the restaurant even if they did have one. Service: The service was great, Phil was very helpful with great information, staff were helpful, Ty my tuk tuk driver was great and a good laugh. Friendly atmosphere as well. I would definitely recommend this place to friends.
Next to Angkor Night MarketExcellent 92%
No.108 Wat Svay Village Near Phsar Krom MarketExcellent 91%
Taphul Village, Svay Dangkum CentralExcellent 90%
0134 Phum Wat Bo Khum SalakomreukExcellent 90%
tine.aanes Nice room, nice price and really nice people who work here. Not far away from the central market and really nice rooms. It can be hot and you have to pay extra for aircon. They close the gate at 11.30 pm, but they always have someone near the gate if you're coming home late. They have a small nice restaurant with good food and nice price. I would stay here again!
Wat Bo streetExcellent 90%
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ZS Fund has acquired Amerijet Holdings, an operator of cargo aircraft under the name Amerijet International, along with logistics services subsidiary ITN Worldwide for an undisclosed sum.
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ATHENS, Greece -- Olena Kostevych of Ukraine won the gold
medal in women's 10-meter air pistol Sunday, needing a shoot-off to
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After 10 shots in the final round, and 40 shots in the
qualifying round, Kostevych and Sekaric were tied at 483.3, setting
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Then, in the bronze-medal shoot-off, Bulgaria's Maria Grozdeva
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Rebecca Snyder of Grand Junction, Colo., was the top American,
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Only the top eight after the qualifying round advance to the


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Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art
One of the museum's namesake bridge pavilions
|11 November 2011[1]
|600 Museum Way, Bentonville, Arkansas
|36°22′57″N 94°12′13″W / 36.3825°N 94.203611°WCoordinates: 36°22′57″N 94°12′13″W / 36.3825°N 94.203611°W
|American art
|Alice Walton
|Rod Bigelow
|Moshe Safdie
|Nearest car park
|Garage and surface lot on site (no charge)
Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is a museum of American art in Bentonville, Arkansas. The museum, founded by Alice Walton and designed by Moshe Safdie, officially opened on 11 November 2011. It offers free public admission.
Overview and founding[edit]
Alice Walton, the daughter of Walmart founder Sam Walton, spearheaded the Walton Family Foundation's involvement in developing Crystal Bridges. The museum's glass-and-wood design by architect Moshe Safdie and engineer Buro Happold features a series of pavilions nestled around two creek-fed ponds. The complex includes 217,000 square feet (20,200 m2) of galleries, several meeting and classroom spaces, a library, a sculpture garden, a gift shop designed by architect Marlon Blackwell, a restaurant and coffee bar, named Eleven after the day the museum opened "11/11/11".[2] Crystal Bridges also features a gathering space that can accommodate up to 300 people. Additionally, there are outdoor areas for concerts and public events, as well as extensive nature trails. It employs approximately 300 people, and is within walking distance of downtown Bentonville.[3]
The museum has amassed $488 million in assets as of August 2008, an amount that will increase as more pieces are continually added to the museum's collection.[4] It is the first major art museum (over $200 million endowment) to open in the United States since 1974. Over $317 million of the project's cost has been donated by Alice Walton.[4] A 2013 Forbes' ranking of the world's richest people placed the Wal-Mart heiress at No. 16, with an estimated net worth of $26.3 billion.[5]
In 2005, art historian John Wilmerding was hired for acquisition and advice on museum programming.[6] Wilmerding commented that Alice Walton "will not spend at any cost" and will do her "homework on almost every individual acquisition and will ask for paperwork on market comparables".[7] He stated that often when an artwork became available through a private sale Walton would state 'Wait, it will come to auction where we can get it at a better price,' and she was usually correct.[8] He also stated that the museum ranks at least in the top half dozen of American art museums. The museum's "quality and its range and depth already place it among one of the very best."[7]
Headlines were generated after delays in construction and considerably higher costs for the museum than originally proposed to the city of Bentonville, Arkansas led to concerns about the favorable tax exemptions granted to the museum from the state in 2005 to secure its construction.[9] Total tax losses to the state of Arkansas and the city of Bentonville are estimated at $17 million based on the financial disclosures given by the museum in the 2008 court case with Fisk University.[9] The total amount of tax loss is estimated to have become considerably higher since then, but may never be disclosed due to the museum's guarded financial practices, including its decision not to disclose the amount spent since 2008 to secure collections, major art pieces, and lesser known works.[10][better source needed] However, the museum's IRS Form 990-PF notes acquisitions of $43.6 million during 2008, $81.9 million during 2007, $97.3 million in 2006. Through 2008, the total art acquisitions were at least $222.8 million.[7]
Don Bacigalupi was appointed director of the museum in August 2009.[11] Previously, Robert G. Workman had served as director.[12] In early May 2011, the museum announced three endowments by the Walton Family Foundation totaling $800 million. These endowments were established for operating expenses, acquisitions and capital improvements. The operating endowment, totaling $350 million, is being used to contribute to the museum's base annual operating expenses expected to total between $16–20 million per year. The acquisition endowment, totaling $325 million, will be used to fund additions to the museum's permanent collection. The remaining $125 million will be used as a capital improvement endowment to fund future improvements to and maintenance of the museum.[13]
Collaboration with other museums and institutions[edit]
In the past few years, Crystal Bridges has been in the news for numerous arrangements and partnerships with other art museums to share collections.
In 2006, the museum partnered with the National Gallery of Art in an attempt to purchase Thomas Eakins' The Gross Clinic from Thomas Jefferson University. Under the terms of the agreement, the two museums agreed to pay a record $68 million, but the university gave Philadelphia 45 days to match the offer. The Philadelphia Museum of Art and Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts agreed to collectively match the offer and the painting remained in Philadelphia. The purchase forced both museums to sell some of their best Eakins pieces including Cowboy Singing and the The Cello Player.[14] In April 2007, Crystal Bridges acquired another Eakins belonging to Thomas Jefferson University entitled Portrait of Professor Benjamin H. Rand for an estimated $20 million.[15]
Walton held talks with Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, Virginia in spring of 2007. The college was exploring selling part of the Maier Museum of Art's collection, but voted instead to sell select items from the collection at Christie's.[16]
In 2006, Fisk University agreed to sell a 50% stake in a 101 piece Stieglitz collection to Crystal Bridges for $30 million. The collection was donated to the university by Georgia O'Keeffe in 1949. This agreement became tied up in a legal battle between Fisk and the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in New Mexico,[17] but the museum withdrew its lawsuit. The Tennessee Attorney General attempted unsuccessfully to stop the sale. In October 2010, a judge ruled that a 50% stake in the collection could be sold to Crystal Bridges if modifications to the contract were made so that Fisk University could not lose its interest in the collection, nor could the joint venture holding ownership of the collection between Fisk University and Crystal Bridges be based in Delaware (or outside Tennessee Courts). The modified agreement would allow the works to stay at Fisk University until 2013 and then begin a two-year rotation with Crystal Bridges.[18] In April 2012, the Tennessee Supreme Court upheld a lower court decision to allow the sale to move forward. A few months later on 2 August, The Davidson County Chancery Court approval a Final Agreed Order that establish joint ownership between Fisk and Crystal Bridges through the newly established Stieglitz Art Collection, LLC. The operating agreement required Fisk to set aside $3.9 million of the $30 million sale proceeds to be used to establish a fund for the care and maintenance of the collection at the Carl Van Vechten Gallery at Fisk.[19][20] The court dispute cost Fisk $5.8 million in legal fees.[21]
Since 2012, Crystal Bridges has participated in a four-year collaboration with the musée du Louvre in Paris, High Museum of Art in Atlanta, and the Terra Foundation for American Art. The resulting exhibitions are called American Encounters and feature works from the collections of all four partners. Each year, for the length of the collaboration, the museums develop the exhibition around a theme, such as portraiture. American Encounters has been seen in Paris, Bentonville, and Atlanta.
Permanent collection[edit]
The museum's permanent collection features American art from the Colonial era to contemporary work. All of the featured artists are United States citizens, though some spent most of their art careers in Europe. Notable works include a Charles Willson Peale portrait of George Washington as well as paintings by George Bellows, Jasper Cropsey, Asher Durand, Thomas Eakins, Marsden Hartley, Winslow Homer, Eastman Johnson, Charles Bird King, John LaFarge, Stuart Davis, Romare Bearden, Norman Rockwell, Mary McCleary, Agnes Pelton, and Walton Ford. Also included are works by Chuck Close, Jasper Johns, Alfred Maurer, Jackson Pollock and Tom Wesselman.[8][22] Two works, Richard Caton Woodville's War News from Mexico and Arthur Fitzwilliam Tait's The Life of a Hunter: A Tight Fix were included in American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765–1915, a traveling exhibition organized by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[23] The Woodville painting was deaccessioned by the National Academy of Design, and was purchased in 1994 by Detroit collector Richard Manoogian. The piece was later purchased in 2004 by Crystal Bridges.[24]
In May 2005, the museum purchased a coveted Asher B. Durand landscape entitled Kindred Spirits from the New York Public Library for more than $35 million in a sealed auction.[25] In September 2012, the museum announced the acquisition of a major 1960 painting by Mark Rothko entitled No. 210/No. 211 (Orange). The abstract expressionist painting had been in a private Swiss collection since the 1960s and had only been shown in public twice.[26]
Sculpture also figures prominently in the collection, on view in interior galleries and along outdoor sculpture trails. Sculptors represented in the permanent collection include Paul Manship, Roxy Paine, Mark di Suvero, and James Turrell.
Select auction results by date for items in the collection (including buyer's premium) are:
- Green River, Wyoming by Thomas Moran, purchased 5 December 2002 for $2.9245 million[27]
- George Washington by Charles Willson Peale, purchased 18 May 2004 for $6.1675 million[28]
- Robert Louis Stevenson and his wife by John Singer Sargent, purchased 19 May 2004 for $8.8 million[29]
- Orca Bates by Jamie Wyeth, purchased 19 May 2004 for $360,000.[30]
- Portrait of Anne Page by Dennis Miller Bunker, purchased 1 December 2004 for $3.592 million[31]
- A French Music Hall by Everett Shinn, purchased 1 December 2004 for $7.848 million[32]
- The Indian and the Lily by George de Forest Brush, purchased 1 December 2004 for $4.824 million[33]
- The Studio by George Bellows, purchased 1 December 2004 for $2.472 million[34]
- Spring by Winslow Homer, purchased 1 December 2004 for $2.024 million[35]
- Ottoe Half Chief, Husband of Eagle of Delight by Charles Bird King, purchased 1 December 2004 for $1.352 million[36]
- Wai-Kee-Chai, Sanky Chief, Crouching Eagle by Charles Bird King, purchased 1 December 2004 for $792,000[37]
- Portrait of Carolus Duran by John Singer Sargent, purchased 2 December 2004 for $724,300[38]
- Sick Puppy by Norman Rockwell, purchased 2 December 2004 for $511,500[39][40]
- George Washington (The Constable-Hamilton Portrait) by Gilbert Stuart, purchased 30 November 2005 for $8.136 million[41]
- Mrs. Theodore Atkinson, Jr. by John Singleton Copley, purchased 30 November 2005 for $3.376 million[42]
- Marquis de Lafayette by Samuel F. B. Morse, purchased 30 November 2005 for $1.36 million[43]
- Winter Scene in Brooklyn by Francis Guy, purchased 30 November 2005 for $1.024 million[44]
- Rose Garden by Maria Oakey Dewing, purchased 24 May 2006 for $2.032 million[45]
- The Lantern Bearers by Maxfield Parrish, purchased 25 May 2006 for $4.272 million[46]
- Dr. William Smith by Gilbert Stuart, purchased 23 May 2007 for $1.888 million[47]
- Still Life with Stretcher, Mirror, Bowl of Fruit by Roy Lichtenstein, purchased 20 June 2007 for £4.052 million (US$8.055 million - based on 20 June 2007 exchange rates)[48]
- Homage to the Square: Joy by Josef Albers, purchased 14 November 2007 for $1.497 million[49]
- View of Mount Etna by Thomas Cole, purchased 29 November 2007 for $541,000[50]
- Cupid and Psyche by Benjamin West, purchased 28 January 2009 for $458,500 [51]
- Our Town by Kerry James Marshall, purchased 13 May 2009 for $782,500[52]
- Supine Woman by Wayne Thiebaud, purchased 12 November 2009 for $1.818 million[53]
- Portrait of a Girl and Her Dog in a Grape Arbor by Susan Catherine Moore Waters purchased 7 March 2010 for $41,475[54]
- Portrait of Martha Graham by Marisol Escobar, purchased 13 May 2010 for $116,500[55]
- Dolly Parton by Andy Warhol, purchased 14 May 2010 for $914,500[56]
- Standing Explosion (Red) by Roy Lichtenstein, purchased 14 May 2010 for $722,500[57]
- The Return of the Gleaner by Winslow Homer, purchased 19 May 2010 for $2.2105 million[58]
- Trinity by Adolph Gottlieb, purchased 11 May 2011 for $1.1425 million[59][60]
- Hammer and Sickle by Andy Warhol, purchase 13 November 2012 for $3.4425 million[61][62]
- Untitled, 1989 (Bernstein 89 24) by Donald Judd, purchased 14 November 2012 for $10.1625 million[62][63]
- Blackwell's Island by Edward Hopper, purchased 23 May 2013 for $19.1638 million [64]
- Coca-Cola [3] by Andy Warhol, purchased 12 November 2013 for $57.3 million [65]
- Flag by Jasper Johns, purchased 11 November 2014 for $36.005 million [66]
- No. 21 (Red, Brown, Black and Orange) by Mark Rothko, purchased 11 November 2014 for $44.965 million [67]
- Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1 by Georgia O'Keeffe, purchased 20 November 2014 for $44.405 million [68]
In January 2014 Crystal Bridge acquired the Bachman Wilson House by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The New Jersey house was dismantled and relocated to Bentonville.[69][70]
Selected works in the museum collection by chronologic order[edit]
Portrait of George Washington (The Constable-Hamilton Portrait, 1797) by Gilbert Stuart
Cupid and Psyche (1808) by Benjamin West
Winter Scene in Brooklyn (c.1817-1820) by Francis Guy
Samuel Beals Thomas, with His Wife, Sarah Kellogg Thomas, and Their Two Daughters, Abigail and Pauline (1830) by Edward Dalton Marchant
View of Mount Etna (1843–44) by Thomas Cole
War News from Mexico (1848) by Richard Caton Woodville
The Good Shepherd (1848) by Thomas Cole
Kindred Spirits (1849) by Asher B. Durand
Portrait of Professor Benjamin Rand (1874) by Thomas Eakins
The Reader (1877) by Mary Cassatt
Indian Encampment, Late Afternoon (1878) by Albert Bierstadt
Robert Louis Stevenson and His Wife (1885) by John Singer Sargent
The Art Student: Portrait of James Wright (circa 1890) by Thomas Eakins
World's Columbian Exposition (1894) by Theodore Robinson
The Lantern Bearers (1908) by Maxfield Parrish
Excavation at Night (1908) by George Bellows
- ^ Christopher Spencer (18 November 2010), Crystal Bridges in Bentonville to open 11.11.11, archived from the original on 29 June 2011
- ^ "Eleven". Crystalbridges.org. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
- ^ "Top Ten Most Expensive Projects Worth $369.5 Million". The Northwest Arkansas Morning News. 1 January 2006.[dead link]
- ^ a b Making change at WalMart[dead link]
- ^ Luisa Kroll (March 4, 2013). "Inside The 2013 Billionaires List: Facts and Figures". Forbes. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
- ^ Carol Vogel (14 May 2005). "A Determined Heiress Plots An Art Collection". The New York Times.
- ^ a b c Jan Cottingham (12 July 2010), "Crystal Bridges Collection Turns Toward The Modern", Arkansas Business
- ^ a b Carol Vogel (16 June 2011). "A Billionaire's Eye for Art Shapes Her Singular Museum". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Evie Blad (8 March 2010). "Taxes lost on museum unclear Crystal Bridges exemptions will pay off, officials say". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Little Rock).
- ^ "Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art - Page 12 - Northwest Arkansas". UrbanPlanet.org. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
- ^ Randy Kennedy (17 August 2009). "Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas Names a New Director". The New York Times.
- ^ Press release, "Robert G. Workman named Executive Director", 2 February 2006
- ^ Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art Announces Endowment Gifts from Walton Family Foundation retrieved 2 July 2011[dead link]
- ^ Vogel, Carol (24 April 2008), Philadelphia Raises Enough Money to Retain a Masterpiece by Eakins, The New York Times, retrieved 20 September 2010
- ^ Vogel, Carol (12 April 2007), Philadelphia School Sells a Second Eakins, The New York Times, retrieved 24 September 2010
- ^ Vogel, Carol (2 October 2007), A Southern College to Sell Prized Paintings, The New York Times, retrieved 25 September 2010
- ^ http://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2010/04/fisk_continues_legal_quest_to.html
- ^ Kennedy, Randy (11 October 2010), Fisk University in New Bid to Gain Approval to Sell Art, The New York Times, retrieved 12 October 2010
- ^ Pogrebin, Robin (3 August 2012), Legal Battle Over Fisk University Art Collection Ends, The New York Times, retrieved 5 August 2012
- ^ http://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2012/08/court_order_sends_fisks_stiegl.html
- ^ Allyn, Bobby (4 August 2012), Fisk finalizes deal to sell half-stake of Alfred Stieglitz collection in end to long fight, half-stake sold to Arkansas museum, The Tennessean, retrieved 5 August 2012
- ^ Mead, Rebecca (27 June 2011), Alice's Wonderland: A Walmart heiress build a museum in the Ozarks, New York: The New Yorker
- ^ The Metropolitan Museum of Art Web site, "American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765-1915
- ^ http://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2009/10/now_at_the_met_crystal_bridges.html
- ^ Vogel, Carol (14 May 2005), A Determined Heiress Plots an Art Collection, The New York Times, retrieved 25 September 2010
- ^ Dobrzynski, Judith H. (22 September 2012), A Rothko Fills a Museum's Breach, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved 27 September 2012
- ^ http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=4013516&sid=b49235b2-21df-4531-ae47-86d15cf92259 retrieved 30 December 2011
- ^ http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=4277849&sid=b52808ee-606d-4692-8170-fa101166be70 retrieved 25 September 2010
- ^ http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=47V7W retrieved 24 September 2010
- ^ http://www.sothebys.com/en/search.html#keywords=orca%20bates retrieved 17 April 2012
- ^ http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=4C258 retrieved 24 September 2010
- ^ http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=4BZYC retrieved 18 November 2010
- ^ http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=4C24B retrieved 24 September 2010
- ^ http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=4BZYQ retrieved 24 September 2010
- ^ http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=4BZY8 retrieved 23 September 2010
- ^ http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=4C24C retrieved 23 September 2010
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External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.
- Official website
- Architectural Record, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Safdie Architects, commentary, slide show, and drawings, January 2012
- TimePhotos (Time magazine), Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, photos, 21 November 2011
- Bridges Acquires New Work by Walton Ford
- 'A Billionaire's Eye for Art Shapes Her Singular Museum', Carol Vogel, The New York Times, 16 June 2011
- American Art Artnews 1/12/2012


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