text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Apr 3, 1973
|Filing date
|Mar 19, 1971
|Priority date
|Mar 19, 1971
|Publication number
|Chase R
|Original Assignee
|Chase R
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (12), Classifications (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1191 Chase 1 1 Apr. 3, 19 73 [54] ADHERENT RESIN WITH RELEASE [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 8423405, July 16, 1969, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 535,324, March 18, 1966, abandoned.
52 us. 01. ..117/2 R, 117/94, 117/124 E, 117/124 r, 117/132 BE, 117/132 as,
117/161 ZA, 117/161 ZB, 260/824 EP 51] 1 11. c1.. .,QQ3 1 17/00, 1332b 15 113 58 Field ofSearch ..117"/2R,1'61'ZA,161ZB, 117/124 12,124 R132 BE, 132135, 94;
1 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,556,754 1/1971 Marsden ..260/824 EP 3,427,190 2/1969 Murdock ..117/2 R 2,955,952 10/1960 Herbst .;....1 17/2 R 3,170,962 Z/ 1965 Tyler ..260/824 EP Primary Examiner-Alfred L. Leavitt Assistant Examiner-M. F. Esposito Attorney-Griswold & Burdick, Albin R. Lindstrom and Richard G. Waterman [S 7 ABSTRACT Cured epoxy resin containing finely powdered silicone resin as filler adheres to a surface but does not conduce to formation of adherent deposits upon its own surface; the silicone is a poly-approximately-monosubstituted siloxane. The product is useful as a repair or lining or coating material for vessels upon the walls of which accumulation of deposits of adherent material is contraindicated.
8 Claims, No Drawings 1 ADHERENT RESIN WITH RELEASE SURFACE RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CASES The instant specification and claims constitute a continuation-in-part of my co-pending specification and claims Ser. No. 842,405 filed July 16, 1969 now abandoned which was a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 535,3 24, filed Mar. 18, 1966 now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention I This invention is concerned with resinous coatings, broadly, and more particularly presents a specially modified form of an epoxy resin coating. The epoxy resin art is generally so well known as not to require description here: except for the modification fully set forth hereinafter, the epoxy resins here employed are conventional.
This invention is concerned also with a coating based upon an epoxy resin which is characterized by unusual release properties in the sense that substances in contact with its surface have much less tendency to adhere or be retained upon such surfaces than is the case with most coating substances.
2. The Prior Art Epoxy'resins have been widely used as coatings and as patching materials for coatings on a variety of substrata. Illustrative of the many patents in this area are U. S. Pat. No. 2,955,952 issued Oct. 11,1960 and U. S. Pat. No. 3,427,190 issued Feb. 11, 1969.
The use of silicone resins, generally to enhance release from a surface, has been well developed. Curable precurser mixtures have oftentimes been applied'as a spray or by swab to surfaces of, for example, bread pans; and thereafter the coating article heated to bring about'a chemical reaction or cure of the silicone resin in contact with the supporting structure surface. Silicone fluids have been used as release agents in molds of great diversity. Such fluid is also oftentimes applied as a thin layer inside a glass vial which is intended to hold a deliverable liquid medicinal substance in measured quantity; the difficulty of wetting a silicone-treated surface assures virtually complete delivery of a measured, contained liquid from a vessel thus treated.
In all these applications, the silicone material has been of a sacrificial nature in the sense that through use it tended strongly to become consumed or eroded or otherwise become lost away from the surface upon which it was applied. Thus, in the instance of a bread pan treated with a silicone resin cured in situ, after a limited number of uses in which dough is positioned within the pan and the resulting loaf of bread baked, the silicone resin surface has been lost to such extent that it must be replaced if the release function is to persist.
In all such uses where adherence of any significant extent is necessary, it is believed that it has hitherto been requisite to supply the silicone resin in the form of reactive precursor substances, typically reactive precursor substances containing, or in reaction produc ing, strongly acidic moieties, some of which moieties probably react with and thereby enhance bonding to a metal supporting surface.
Organosilicon-epoxy resin compositions are taught in U. S. Pat. No. 3,170,962 issued Feb. 23, 1965. In
those compositions the silicone compoundand the epoxy resin are reacted to form a novel resinous substance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION substance of, or in coating or repair of, articles or structures in which cohesive strength and adhesive bonding on one hand, are desired in combination with, on the other hand, release surface properties that minimize accumulations of unwanted substances in contact therewith. I
The present resin can be shaped with great versatility before it is cured, that is, before it is caused to harden by chemical action. When cured, it is resistant to many kinds of chemical attack and is not as severly injured by exposure to heat, light and similar influences, at levels of severity that would damage many kinds of resins. The resin can be colored or tinted as desired. The cured resin is unusually machinable. Whereas most cured epoxy resins yield under cutting tools with a conchoidal, vitreous fracture, the resin modified according to this invention yields to machining in a manner that experienced machine tool operators describe as being almost exactly comparable with magnesium or other readily machinable metal.
Having these properties, this resin is unusually well adapted to be used to make, or to coat the working surfaces of, or to repair, bathroom fixtures, sanitary vessels, resin or refractory coated metals, dishes and the like, with or without reinforcing substances such as glass filament and the like; or to constitute a lining or interior or exterior coating material for a wide range of articles.
More particularly, the resinous substance of this invention is of flexibility superior to that of either of the componentsfrom the combination of which it can be regarded as composed; and thereby better resists vibrational fatigue, impact shock, and mechanical stress generally.
Therefore, articles or coatings or surface applications composed substantially of the resinous material of this invention are of particular usefulness either as original structures or coatings or the like or as replacement or repair coatings for other materials such as glass or vitreous or ceramic coated or lined substances of which the original surface material has been damaged or lost.
When used as a coating onthe interior of oil and gas pipe lines, the surface release properties of the resin of this invention tend to postpone and inhibit the build-up of solid paraffins. Also, the material is particularly useful in the lining of tank cars, the lining of cargo space in hopper cars, ships, barges, grain cars, portable and palleted containers; grain bins and storage places in which the bridging and building up of deposits of grain and the like is inadmissible; and in bulk storage applications in general.
The resinous material of this invention is of very low water permeability, and during such processes as curing and the like, exhibits very little shrinkage. Because of its machinability when cured, and the fact that it is applied as a near-liquid or semisolid paste, it is of great value in the restoration and replacement of broken or eroded structural parts; conveniently, a deposit of this adherent machinable resin is built up to a bulk sufficient that the desired restoration or replacement part can be made from the spontaneously formed mass by shaping, machining, and the like after it has hardened. The instant resin shows excellent strength and adhesion under tension but better strength and adhesion under compression. It is particularly adapted to be used in any situation where clean-up and inspection of a surface between uses is regarded as mandatory. The resin is therefore of extraordinary value in those situations in which quality control requires clean-up between uses of any facility. Being insoluble it is adapted to be used where a lining material is wanted but must not yield contaminants to contents.
One application in which the present resin excels is in the repair of glass linings of chemical reactor and storage vessels.
Many systems have been employed for the repair of glass linings of chemical vessels, and among them is the use of epoxy resins. However, when epoxy resins are used, with or without resistant metal covers, there arises in certain kinds of chemical use a problem, which can be a serious problem, that the chemical substances or their reaction product or substance in storage tends to accumulate upon the patch by reason of some kind of physical or chemical affinity between the patch substance the the substances in the reactor vessel, whereby non-uniformity in product tends to occur.
According to the present invention, there has been discovered a material useful in patching a glass lining of a vessel, which material bonds with glass and with metal so strongly that, in many applications, it does not require a metal cover; yet which has, despite its adhesivity and cohesivity, the property that chemical substances noted for formation of film and like deposits upon other patch materials do not significantly adhere to it.
The present invention is also adapted to be used as an original, continuous or discontinuous, adherent lining or coating, to cover a surface, the resulting covered surface being characterized that, in contact with a substance that oftentimes leaves an adherent deposit, or coating, the surface of the instant invention manifests little tendency to permit such coating to adhere. The instant coating is better adapted to use as a coating on interior surfaces in which it is under compression than to applications upon exterior surfaces where it will be in at least some tension; but it can be used in either orientation.
The present invention is useful also as a surface in circumstances wherein a particulate contents that is to be discharged, or removed, is susceptible of bridging of particles with temporary very light bonding to side walls, whereby orderly removal or discharge is handicapped. Walls and throats and the like coated with the filled resin of this invention have little tendency to permit the accumulation of particles necessary for bridging to take place.
When modified by not only a polysiloxane but by also a pigment or the like, the instant resin serves as a paint.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The composition of the present invention is essentially an epoxy resin modified by containing, as modifying filler, a solid polysiloxane resin. Thepolysiloxane filler is not believed to react with any part of the epoxy system; but to act only as a solid filler insoluble in the epoxy resin. Such siloxane resins are highly crosslinked. Each methylbearing silicon atom is bonded through oxygen to another silicon atom except that, at the termini of the macromolecule, miscellaneous other moieties such as methyl, or hydrogen, or trimethylsilyl, or other groups may appear. These resins are well known and can be represented by the formula RuSiO wherein R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical or a halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon radical, n is a number from 0.9 to about 1.5, and 'x is a number generally large, representing the degree of polymerization. The preferred substituent, R, is methyl.
The exact nature of the poly-1,2-epoxide to be cured to obtain an epoxy resin is not critical, but very satisfactory results have been obtained when employing a conventional polyepoxide, the diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol, such as bisphenol F or bisphenol A.
Good results are also obtained when the curable poly-1,2-epoxide is a polyglycidyl ether of a novolak; or when fire retardancy and flame resistance in the resulting product are desired, then portions of the hydrogen, such as the hydrogen on aromatic nuclei, normally present in such polyepoxide can be replaced with halogen such as bromine; chlorinated starting materials are also useful where fire retardancy is desired.
Yet another poly-1,2-epoxide useful according to this invention is such polyepoxide of a polylower alkylene glycol. All these materials are conventional and well-known in the art and are articles of commerce.
Such curable polyepoxide may be supplied to the present invention as an unmodified chemical substance, or after partial cure, to obtain a more viscous resin cured to completion more quickly than when using the unmodified polyepoxide. Moreover, such partially cured resin can be solvent thinned if desired.
Curing agents to be employed are not critical and can be thewell known catalytic or co-reactive curing agents, or both; such as primary and secondary amines, alkali metal hydroxides, monobasic organic acids, anhydrides of dibasic acids, stannic chloride, or boron trifluoride. When latency is desired, in the curing action, an oxazine or oxazoline or a bis-oxazine or oxazoline curing agent can be employed. An oxazine or oxazoline curing agent willbe preferred when control of corrosion of underlying metal is desired.
These identities and related matters are known in the art.
In carrying out the present invention, the polysiloxane resin is to be used in finely powdered form. The exact degree of fineness of powdering and the form in which, as powder, it is presented, are not critical. Preferably, it is presented in the form of flat flakes when hammer milling or other techniques make this feasible. Individual particles should be small enough not to be distinguishable to touch. All the siloxane resin particles should pass a bolting cloth or screen with not fewer than 100 linear mesh per inch, and particles finer than the maximum thus defined are desirable.
The polysiloxane resin filler is to be mechanically intimately bonded within the mechanical structure of the curing and cured epoxy resin. To this end, the presence of moisture, including unnoticeable sorbed moisture on the surfaces of the resin particles, is objectionable. Therefore, at some point before bringing the powdered polysiloxane resin into use, it is to be dried. In general, better results are obtained when drying the powdered resin than when attempting to achieve adequate dryness by drying the resin in lumps or large particles and thereafter grinding.
The method of drying may be any method of choice that does not introduce foreign matter. Washing, with a hygroscopic and volatile solvent, and drying, can be used. Such solvent includes absolute alcohol, and acetone. Drying in an oven with a moving air current and, preferably, with periodic disturbance and redistribution of the polysiloxane resin, is usually satisfactory. The exact duration of drying and the exact remaining level of moisture do not appear to be critical except that, in general, the substance should be brought to a water content as low as is feasible to attain, without recourse to chemical means. Oven drying carried out conscientiously has sufficed.
The polysiloxane resin is then mixed together with the uncured or partially cured polyepoxide resin conveniently by adding it to a precursor substance or to a plurality of such precursor substances together, in the absence of catalyst, to obtain a uniform mixture. Thereafter, if the siloxane is added to one of the precursors, the other precursor and catalyst are added. When the siloxane resin is added to a mixture of both precursors, catalyst alone need later be added if employed. Thereafter, the resin sets by conventional epoxy curing reaction, to become the highly crosslinked, resinous, essentially infusible, insoluble, fillermodified, coherent, adherent, release surface substance of the present invention.
The amount of polysiloxane resin to be employed according to the present invention can vary according to desired properties. Small amounts tend to confer upon the resulting resin mixture the desired property of avoiding the accumulations of film-forming deposits. Thus, amounts as small as 1/10 of 1 percent by weight of entire resin can be employed. Better surface release properties are obtained when using larger amounts, up to and including about 1 percent by weight of total resin. So far as is presently known, the best balance of good physical properties and surface release is usually obtained when employing from about 6 to about percent of the polysiloxane by weight of total resin. Larger amounts than this can be employed, up to about 30 or 40 percent filler, but such larger amounts are not now known to serve any useful purpose, they tendto increase the cost of the resulting resin, and, if greatly exalted amounts are used, may tend to reduce its ability to adhere to the surface to which it is applied, and its strength and coherence. q
Coloring and similar additive substances can be added to the composition of the present invention, if desired.
It is known to use glass cloth or fibers as a reinforcing substance in strengthening patches that are intended to cover large areas. The modified resin of the present invention can be used with such reinforcing. Also, when cost is a major factor, a simple epoxy resin can be used as a base resin, the remaining depth being filled by the modified resin of the present invention wherein the epoxy resin contains alsothe polysiloxane, whereby the entire surface exposed is a surface ofthe siloxane modified resin of the present invention.
The polysiloxane modified resin material of the present invention is particularly useful in repairing breaks in glass interior linings of vessels used in the production and storage of, for example, polymer latexes and like substances which are known to form films. Formation of films or fragments of films as contaminants in the latex itself is highly undesirable. The use of unmodified epoxy resin patches on the glass interior lining of a vessel which. is then employed in the storage of a latex, which may be a styrene-butadiene or similar film-forming latex, typically results in the accumulation, over and upon such patch, of a film-like layer of polymer which can thereafter become free of the surface upon which it formed, and appear as a solid or semisolid, undesired contaminant body in what should be a homogeneous latex.
Substances other than latexes are sometimes similarly affected, and, in general, any film-forming or deposit-forming substance that is in a vessel may have a tendency to develop undesired contaminant films over epoxyresin, metal, and similar surfaces. The modified patch of the present invention obviates the problem, usually completely.
From the foregoing, skilled chemists will be able to practice the present invention. The bestmanner of practicing the invention now known to the inventor is exemplified as follows:
Quality control analysis discloses traces of iron appearing in the styrene-butadiene latex output froma glass-lined tank in which the. latex is held in storage. When the iron contents recur during analysis over a period of time, and become more apparent, the storage vessel is disused and rinsed, and an operator enters the vessel to inspect visually, It is found that at a point on a sloping lower surface a few feet above the level of the floor of the building in which it is housed, the glass lining has spalled away with conchoidal fracture, exposing a small area of the iron wall of the storage vessel beneath. The fragments are not found.
The area is meticulously cleaned of latex deposit and it is found that the iron has corroded sufficiently to account for the iron discovered in the latex in quality control analysis. However, the wall of the vessel is not structurally badly weakened.
By the use of a powendriven rotary abrasive stone, the glass lining adjacent the break, and the partially corroded metal in the area defined in the center of the break, are abrasively removed. to obtain a relatively uniform surface of which the only conspicuous features are the elongated scoring marks resulting from the action of individual abrasive grains in the abrasivestone. Except for dust from the grinding itself the resulting surface is essentially clean. The dust is carefully removed with a clean, dry brush, and the area lightly sandblasted and washed with, in sequence, denatured alcohol, aqueous ammonia, and denatured alcohol. It is then dried to an air dry condition.
A patch resin of the present invention is prepared, employing a commercial epoxy resin (DER 331) essentially the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. To this epoxy base resin is added finely powdered polymethylsiloxane resin of a degree of methyl substitution of about 1.5 in in an amount equal to 10 percent of the combined weight of the siloxane resin and the epoxy resin base material. The resulting mixture is thereafter mixed with a curing amount of diethylenetriamine in known procedures for the commercial resin, and the resulting siloxane filler modified, mixed, catalyst-hardening'resin is applied with blades, here trowel and spatula blades, to the prepared break in the glass lining of the reactor vessel. The material is applied with considerable pressure to force wetting contact so far as possible between the resin and the prepared surface of the vessel and lining, and the exposed surface is carefully troweled to shape it in the form of a uniform, smooth, essentially featureless surface, its center bulging slightly above the unmodified line of the original glass lining of the vessel, and its edges uniform with the original wall line. In this condition, electric heat lamps are turned on the resulting patch from a distance of about a foot, sufficient to elevate the temperature of the patch to above 200C., and maintain this temperature for a period of time sufficient to cure the epoxy resin by catalyzed reaction. At the end of this time, the heat lamps are gradually removed and the temperature of the reactor vessel wall and patch permitted to equilibrate with ambient temperature. Thereafter, the patched vessel is placed in service again in the storage of the styrene-butadiene latex as before.
Quality control analyses show that iron no longer appears in the product, and that no iron appears in the said product during a period of several months observation.
At the end of this time, and for other reasons, the reactor vessel is again disused and rinsed and its interior is inspected. It is observed that the patch according to the present invention shows almost no tendency to accumulate an adherent styrene-butadiene film, whereas other patches earlier applied using unmodified epoxy resin accumulate large and well-defined skins of styrene-butadiene resin film. The breaking loose of this adherent film and its appearance, from time to time, on screens through which the latex has to be passed prior to packaging, would be a serious problem. it is observed that the modified resin patch of the present invention obviates the problem, as to the patch so made.
In another application, a body member of a new automobile, comprising the right front fender, is removed, its under surface lightly sandblasted to expose a uniform surface of bright, bare metal. This is washed with acetone and air dried, and thereafter smoothly coated with a modified epoxy resin as hereinbefore described. The resin is heat cured. When curing is completed, the body member is reattached to the automobile, which is thereafter placed in service and observed.
It is noted that, whereas the other fenders, and in particular the left front fender, tend to accumulate adherent deposits of mud in summer and of snow and ice in water, the fender coated with the resin of this invention remains essentially free of adherent deposits.
In another form of the best mode known to the inventor to practice this invention, a standard, commercial white porcelain, flush-toilet body is formed and fired to biscuit finish, without glaze, and thereafter cooled. The outside is sprayed with a glaze frit, fired, and cooled. The interior, yet unglazed, is thereafter coated with a curable polyepoxide, substantially the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, together with about ten weight percent of polymonomethyl siloxane of a 1.5 degree of substitution, as a fine powder and rendered curable by addition of diethylenetriamine, the mixing, application and curing being carried out at room temperature. Care is taken to apply the resin uniformly, to achieve an essentially featureless surface.
The toilet bowl thus completed is placed in service, in a situation that admits of comparison with an otherwise identical toilet bowl of which the glaze finish is wholly conventional. The bowl bearing the resin of the present invention remains essentially clean while the conventional bowl accumulates a stained region at and below water level line, comprising adherent colonies of microfiora and bound minerals, during an interval of days with no chemical or mechanical cleaning.
In procedures similar to the foregoing, the interior surface of an industrial gas pipe is smoothly coated with the polymethylsiloxane modified epoxy resin of this invention, which is then heat cured, and placed in service carrying natural gas, is compared with an untreated pipe for rate of accumulation of paraffin deposit. This natural phenomenon in the piping of natural gas constricts and may close gas pipes. It is found that pipe innerly coated with the modified resin of the present invention accumulates paraffin at a rate much slower than uncoated pipe.
In further exemplification, the employed resin is a partial polymonophenylsiloxane having a degree of substitution of about 0.9, and prepared, conventionally, by the co-hydrolysis and co-cure of silicon tetrachloride and monophenyl trichlorosilane. Routinely, it is finely powdered to pass a lOO-mesh bolting cloth and oven dried in moving air. This siloxane polymer is incorporated into a curable poly-1,2-epoxide mixture in an amount of about 5 weight percent of the total mixture. The curable polyepoxide is essentially an equivalent mixture of two commercial polyepoxides that are respectively, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and a commercial epoxy novolak. It is mixed with a stoichiometric, curing amount of a commercial polyalkylene polyamine curing agent. Mixing of the curable polyepoxide mixture with the polysiloxane resin is carried out promptly, for the reason that the epoxy mixture is already involved in the process of cure and the employment of the product must be completed while it is yet workable.
The approaching slopes, throat, and valve of a hopper used in the commercial storage of dry beans, being conventionally lined with sheet metal, presents a recurring problem that the beans bridge up, and make an immobile block which must be mechanically disturbed to permit the continued release of beans from the hopper through the valve. To obviate this problem, the hopper is emptied and disused; the sheet metal surface is grit-blasted with number 40 steel grit in an air pressure hose, and then vacuum cleaned, by an operator working from a suspended scaffolding which makes it unnecessary for him tomake any contact, as with shoe-soles, with the clean metal surface. The curable modified polyepoxide mixture is disposed ever and upon the metal surface, care being taken in up the opposing side to meet itself at the top, and each of these bands is spaced relatively evenly apart from each other by untreated, cleaned, bare metallic surits applicaface. An atlas of the bands is provided, and records tion to dispose it uniformly and in an essentially fea- 5 kept of the treatment of each, for subsequent evaluatureless manner, and providing, as far as possible, a tion of the various employed surface treatments. uniform, smooth coating of the curable, polysiloxane- Beginning with a band at one end arbitrarily designated modified epoxy resin mixture. as number I, and proceeding with appropriate mask- The epoxy coating thus applied is permitted to stand, i t th th d (i i h untreated. g undisturbed and protected from dust and the like, until 10 b tw n) th bands re coated, except for a check the epoxy resin has fully cured, approximately two days band, with coatings applied by uniform airless" spr at bean-storage temperature ing of uniformly thinned curable coating preparations, B ans e thereafter elevated into the pp which the thinning solvent being, in this case, methyl ethyl is substantially filled and returned to normal service. It k t Th pli ti n r d cc rdin t th is tested for bridging of beans during discharge, and the 15 es nt i enti n as foll ws;
Polyepoxide Epoxy curing agent Polysiloxane Diglyeidyl other of bisphenol A Commercial polyamine. substantially diethylene None (cheel-nl Do iii -SiO3.1:|
0-9 x Do 1,Q-cyclohexane-di-carboxylic anhydride [(FiCCI-IzCHz). -SiO Do Boron trifluoride complex with monoethyl amine [(C Ii)l-5- 02-5]x Do Metaphenylenediaminc [(CH3-'CH2)1-osi03/2]x Alpha, omega-di-lflepoxyethoxy polylower alkylene glycol, epoxide equivalent weight 305-335.
Commercial epoxy novolak of average 3.8 1,2-epoxypro- 111921275 g1ro2ups per molecule and epoxy equivalent weight 0 8 Polybrominated diglycidy etherof bisphenol A 4,226,544 Partially cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A diluted with phenyl glycidyl ether. I
Drying oil fatty acid ester product of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, equivalent weight 3,5005,500.
Polybrominatcd diglyeidyl ether of bisphenol A Polychlorinated diglyeidyl ether of bisphenol A Commercial epoxy novolak of average 3.8 1,'Z-epoxypropoxy groups per molecule and epoxy equivalent weight of 175-182.
Reaction product of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with about three quarters molar equivalent of hisphenol A (epoxy equivalent weight 1,500).
Commercial polyamine 3.1 tetraamine.
substantially triethylene [(CH3)0-v-Sl-O lIIIMaN (methyl-5norbornene-lfidiearboxyli anhy- None (check).
ri t
. d0 [(CH3) ..75SiOg.z,-r
Methylene dianiline .Q. o
om-(JHnM-sion l,
Commercial hardener described by manufacturer as [(F;C
reactive polyamide resin," soluble in uncured polyepoxide, formula unknown but believed to be based upon drying oils.
Dodeeenyl suecinie anliydride None (check).
Diaminodiphcnyl sulfone [(F CCH2)i.aSlO
Commercial polyaminr. substantially tetrarthyleno [(CH3)l-0sl O3/2]x pentaminru phenomenon is not observed to occur. The the bridging-up of the beans is obviated.
Also, experimentally, a tank car is disused, illumination and ventilation are provided for its inte interior surface of the tank car is then meticulously cleaned. The cleaning process involves removal of latex skins, a water rinse with pressure hoses, air-drying, light grit-blasting with steel grit, and the vacuum brush removal particles freed by sandblasting.
The surface interior of the tank car thus cleaned is used experimentally to test areas coated with various resins modified according to the present invention.
The instant tank car tankinterior is of 87 inches diameter and of a gross length of 33 feet 9 inches mea 65 It is of a sured to the depth of the domed heads nominal capacity of 10,000 gallons;
Within the tank, with chalk, 15 circumferential bands encircling the tank are defined, each starting at the top, passing down one side and across the floor and The tank car is experimentally filled with film-forming styrene-butadiene latex which, on past experience, has uniformly given a problem of leaving an undesired deposit of loosely agglomerated polymer film on a conventional epoxy resin tank car interior lining. The filled problem of rior and the mechanical in a southern state unprotected, and at the end of that time the latex contents is pumped back into stationary storage, and the interior of the car inspected. Inadmissibly severe deposits uniformly cover those circumferential bands that are cleaned but not coated, separating the test bands. Polymer film deposits appear irregularly over the surface of the epoxy resin bands not modified according to this invention, varying from a little more than half the area to almost the entire area of the test band. Upon the area of the bands of epoxy resin modified according to this invention by mechanical inclusion therein of finely powdered polysiloxane resin, deposits take the form of dried residues of isolated droplets: these are found most abundantly in a number 40 of grit and car is permitted to stand for a week. in summer weather I zone defined by an arc of each side of vertex, and a similar zone towards the tank bottom: even so, they represent a fragmentary deposit much lighter than the lightest deposit on a check band. A narrow pool of latex running the length of the car at the bottom is ignored in taking these observations.
An operator with a hose delivering water under pressure of about 80 pounds per square inch, gauge, using routine procedures, hoses down the car interior. All bands coated with epoxy resin modified according to this invention wash apparently clean; parts of each of the check bands retain adherent latex coatings, and all the untreated area of the tank interior remains heavily coated.
In the instant specification and claims the expression polyepoxide"is used to designate a composition of which a representative molecule comprises an average of more than one l,2-epoxyalkyl groups which is further characterized in that it is reactive under the influence of catalyst or coreactant to obtain a cured product.
The cured product obtained from the reaction of a polyepoxide is designated an epoxy resin; and the term is occasionally used to designate either the starting material of the cured product indifferently.
What is claimed is:
1. Method of coating an area of a solid surface exposed to probable accumulation of undesired surface deposits that comprises the step of applying as an essentially smooth, adherent conforming coat, to the area, a curable polyepoxide that hardens to become insoluble by reaction of epoxy resin precursor substances under curing agent influence, said resin being modified by containing, as finely subdivided filler, a polysiloxane in the amount of from 0.1 to about 20 percent by weight of combined said siloxane and resin substances said polysiloxane being insoluble in said polyepoxide whereby there is formed an insoluble coating the surface of which is characterized by a tendency to release much more readily than the same epoxy resin unmodified, said polysiloxane being of the formula wherein R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical or a halogenated monovalent hydrocarbon radical n is a,
number from 0.9 to 1.5 and x is a number representing the degree of polymerization.
2. Method of claim 1 wherein R is methyl.
3. Method of claim 1 wherein the polyepoxide is the reaction product of about one mole of 4,4-isopropylidenediphenol and two moles epichlorohydrin.
4. Method of claim 3 wherein the area is an area defining a break in a glass lining of a glass lined industrial vessel.
5. Method of claim 1 wherein the surface is a ceramic surface.
6. Method of claim 1 wherein the solid surface is a metal surface.
7. Method of claim 6 wherein the metal surface is the surface of a tank.
8. Method of claim 7 wherein the tank is the tank of a wheeled tank vehicle that is a railroad tank ear or a highway tank truck body.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 24, 1956
|Oct 11, 1960
|Smith Corp A O
|Composition for patching defects in glass or enamel coatings and method of applying the same
|Jan 14, 1955
|Feb 23, 1965
|Dow Corning
|Organosilicon-epoxy resin compositions
|Aug 11, 1964
|Feb 11, 1969
|Shell Oil Co
|Process for forming a corrosion resistant epoxy resin coating on a metal surface
|Jun 27, 1969
|Jan 19, 1971
|Union Carbide Corp
|Coating compositions for glass fibers
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 23, 1974
|May 17, 1977
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Compositions and methods useful in forming polyether polyurethanes having release properties
|Jul 12, 1978
|Sep 2, 1980
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Method of molding polyurethanes having mold release properties
|Oct 9, 1979
|Jun 16, 1981
|Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha
|Masking of abrasion injury on glass articles
|Sep 3, 1981
|Jan 25, 1983
|Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha
|Masking of abrasion injury on glass articles
|Aug 6, 1987
|Apr 3, 1990
|Nomix Corporation
|Methods for applying no mix plastic compounds
|May 27, 1988
|Apr 28, 1992
|Babcock H Nash
|Methods of applying compositions of no mix compounds
|Mar 16, 1988
|Jun 15, 1993
|Nomix Corporation
|Method of mixing particulate materials in a mixing column
|May 2, 1990
|Feb 22, 1994
|Nomix Corporation
|Method of installing a post
|Nov 15, 1993
|Apr 9, 1996
|Shea; Lawrence E.
|Mechanical joint connections for fiberglass reinforced duct sections
|Nov 15, 1994
|Jul 22, 1997
|Tdindustries, Inc.
|Thermal storage cooling system
|Mar 16, 1998
|Mar 12, 2002
|Vantico Inc.
|Process for producing direct tooling mold and method for using the same
|Mar 20, 2007
|Aug 16, 2007
|Presby Anthony J
|Foam liner and method to prevent accumulation of mud
|U.S. Classification
|427/140, 525/476
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Evo-Stik Sticks Like Grab Adhesive 290ml
Evo-Stik Sticks Like Grab Adhesive 290ml
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- Stocked in store Check stock in store
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Product Details
Product Information
This grab adhesive from the Sticks like range by Evo-Stik has a touch dry in 30-40 minutes, fully dry in 24 hour drying time, and is suitable for use with most materials and surfaces around the interior & exterior of your home.
- Guarantee - 1 year
- For use on Wood, concrete, brick, plaster, glass, ceramics, metals, rigid PVC, insulation boards and foam polystyrene
Features and benefits
Evo-Stik Sticks Like Clear is a high performance, one component, moisture curing adhesive that offers excellent initial grab and a high strength bond. When fully cured it's ready for you to paint over with most types of paint.
- Bonds to wet surfaces and can even be used under water
- Will bond most surfaces, even if both are impervious
- Can be used in any weather, however extreme
- Excellent adhesion and initial grab
- Wide service temperature range -40°C to +100°C
Technical specifications
|Sticks like
|Colour description
|Container size
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|Touch dry in 30-40 minutes, fully dry in 24hours
|Approximately 10m of a 6mm bead
|Approx 11m per 6mm bead
|Internal & external
Health and Safety
Please note that this item has additional safety or regulatory datasheets available. The product may have possible health and safety hazards covered in these documents. Refer to the container for full information and always follow the instructions.
Alternative product
Evo-Stik Wetgrab Grab Adhesive 290ml
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This wood glue is suitable a range of woodwork, carpentry, hobby and diy projects. Dries to a natural colour, with no foaming for an invisible bond line Incredibly water resistant so can be used indoors and outdoors Extra strong hold for wood This glue dries clear to match the colour ...
This pack of 6 300ml tube of white decorators caulks from Soudal have been specially designed for sealing and filling low movement joints of the window and door frames, skirting boards, plasterboard, staircases, architrave and coving around your home. This decorators caulk has a 2 mm per 24hours drying time. ...
This wall and floor tile adhesive is waterproof and suitable for most common tile types. For use on - Prepared concrete, sand cement screed, overlaid wooden floors, established asphalt, existing tiles, plasterboard, prepared plaster, brickwork Recommended for - Wet rooms and power showers Compatible with large ...
A epoxy glue from UniBond, ideal for a range of repairing and fixing tasks in the home and garden. Suitable for bonding all metals including steel, copper, aluminium and cast iron, conrete, stone, bricks and ceramics Suitable for use in repairs to car number plates Tempearture, oil and common solvent ...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
20% off sitewide. Don't keep your cart waiting. Use SCREAM20
Some of my favourite photographs and drawings of cats.I am also happy to customize a calendar with your choice of images- just Bubblemail me.
puuurrly, lovely.
lovely collection, i wanna reborn as a cat in next life.
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text:
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
Adhesive tube electrodes
Disposable adhesive tube electrodes are used to record signals from vocal cord muscles (M. vocalis) while monitoring the N. laryngeus recurrens (vocal cord nerve) or the N. vagus (cranial nerve X). They are very easy to use and position-tolerant. The electrodes can be attached to tubes of varying diameters, which simplifies logistics. The specifically developed design ensures the reliability of signals, while soft edges reduce the risk of cuts during intubation.


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You like what you are getting in your yoga class. You feel good in your body, enjoy the people you practice with, and notice other benefits that you can't put into words. Maybe its time to deepen your practice! Adhikara Starts July 30. Register Here.
We are happy to announce that we have two sessions this summer! Join Miss Jeanette and the TYC kids for the 2016 summer camp! Yoga, games, crafts, and more all mindfully themed for the children's hearts to soar. Please pack a snack and a water. $100.00/week or $30.00/day Learn More
Sunday, July 31, 4:00-6:00pm
In this 2-hour workshop Ansley will lead you through a series of supported yoga postures where you will be encouraged to turn off the thinking and doing part of your brain and allow ourself to simply BE. Some restorative poses are beneficial to the entire body; others provide therapeutic for specific issues in the body and mind. To add to this deeply relaxing and therapeutic practice, Monica will administer acupuncture during a few select postures and take your restorative experience to a whole new level. Pre-registration required!
Sunday, August 21, 9:30-11:00am
As you embrace the bright summer, you have the chance to align yourself with more lightness of being. It can be daunting when life turns you upside down or stops you in your tracks. Through the yoga practice, you learn to embrace inner and outer barriers with more levity of heart. In playful arm balances, you will explore the inner trust needed to anchor skillful aviation. Visiting teacher Cat McCarthy will guide you through a variety of poses, to experience rooting your hands like another pair of feet and encourage you to rise like a buoyant bird or a gliding dragonfly. Come spread your courageous wings and take flight with gravitas! Open to all levels.
are offered here regularly. Our next round of courses begin Tuesday, June 21 at 7:45pm. To learn more about our meditation classes please call or email! Learn more about intro to yoga here. Register for Intro to Yoga Here.
You like what you are getting in your yoga class. You feel good in your body, enjoy the people you practice with, and notice other benefits that you can't put into words. Maybe it's time to deepen your practice. Adhikara Starts July 30. Register Here.
Learn more about Adhikara here
Realing our Inherent Perfection
Our Advanced Intensive Weekend is Back! Take the weekend to practice enjoying yourself just as you are, a divine masterpiece! Experience a deep contentment while in the midst of great challenge (on your yoga mat). Share the pulse of the practice, supported in great community with rad teachers! Learn More
"TYC has been a great help to me both individually and for my patients. I find their approach and knowledge of yoga as a healing modality to be very beneficial. I have enjoyed the classes I have attended very much and have never had a better yoga experience. Several of my patients have also had significant improvements in the quality of their health because of the their participation at TYC. I look forward to many more rewarding experiences with TYC." -- Erik Lundquist, MD Director of Temecula Center for Integrative Medicine
This community has opened my heart in ways I could have never anticipated. The TYC is a place where I feel safe to venture out on the "skinny branches," as I explore and expand my perspectives. The teachers are highly trained, and in their own unique way, validate who I am. Their guidance and inspiration push me to be my best, and provide me with tools to navigate through my every day life, as authentically and openly as I can. Everyone here is interested in growing and expanding past their boundaries, and it is exciting and inspiring to be around people with that kind of energy! After class, I always feel less stressed, more grounded and strong, and a lot more knowledgable about anatomy! Most importantly, TYC honors all the components involved with the organization - the teachers, the students, and the community.
~Gail Miller
I love being a teacher @ TYC, more than that I thoroughly enjoy being a collective part of the community.
I remember when the TYC was just a seed, not yet planted, rooted, or growing....but a dream, an idea....with a vision of many (community) coming together from different life enhancing fields collectively to support each other, learn from, grow with & strengthen not just as individuals, but reaching beyond that to uplift those near, far, known and unknown. It has been a joy to see this fruition take place as well as be a part of it.
I love knowing that I am supported as a teacher, a student, a friend, whether things are going smooth and graceful or turbulent & challenging.
I love the friendships/ relationships that have been formed in this community and beyond. The sharing of ideas, celebration of successes as well as the subtle/sweet supportive encouragement during struggles. I am ecstatic to see how the students new to the Collective are welcomed with open arms & open hearts, not just by the teachers and owners but by the kula (yoga community), allowing those unknowing or unsure to feel & know that they are safe, they are home and that they too are part of something even bigger.
~Elissa Marshall, Certified Śraddhā Yoga Teacher
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Temecula Yoga Collective is a place that


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Book your room at City Crown Motel
Get an overview of this hotel3-star Surry Hills motel in East Sydney with coffee shop/café
Located in East Sydney, this motel is 0.2 mi (0.4 km) from Taylor Square and within 3 mi (5 km) of Sydney Opera House and University of Sydney. Sydney Harbour Bridge and Circular Quay are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Property Features
This motel features a coffee shop/café, self parking, and laundry facilities. Other amenities include tour/ticket assistance and barbecue grills.
Room Amenities
All 29 rooms offer free WiFi, balconies, and TVs with DVD players. Other amenities available to guests include refrigerators.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
City Crown Motel289 Crown Street Surry Hills NSW 2010
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The motel offers a coffee shop/café. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle during limited hours is offered to guests. This Surry Hills motel also offers tour/ticket assistance, barbecue grills, and laundry facilities. Limited onsite parking is available on a first-come, first-served basis (surcharge).
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Coffee shop or café
- Laundry facilities
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 3
- Parking (limited spaces)
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Total number of rooms - 29
- Tours/ticket assistance
Family Friendly Amenities
- DVD player
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge), Parking (limited spaces)
Room Amenities
- Balcony
- DVD player
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Refrigerator
- Television
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2:00 PM
Check-in time ends at midnight
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 10:00 AM
Payment types
- Pets not allowed (service dogs only)
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Only service dogs are allowed
Guests must contact this hotel in advance to reserve onsite parking. Please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
Optional extras
- Self parking fee: AUD 20 per night (in/out privileges)
- Late check-out fee: AUD 25
Hotel Name
- City Crown Motel
- City Crown Motel Surry Hills
- City Crown Surry Hills


text: Share It MainStoriesGold Medal Gold Medal pearce | Feb 06, 2014 | North America: Arizona Hi, I'm Pearce Rodey. I've been doing Special Olympics for a while now. I enjoy Special Olympics sports. I did track for one season. I have done swimming. For my first time doing track, I got gold for my running relay with my Bobcats teammates. I love the helpers. About Me:I have a twin brother . I'm a cheerleader on desert storm elite lighting team it has special needs People the age range 8 and up. I love baking. I'm outgoing . Read More Stories Making a Difference in India and NepalDavid HircockThank You, Special Olympics LouisianaJude and Paula BernardAgreement in Italy Will Boost Inclusion and RespectMaureen RabbittBelgium Athlete Addresses Experts at European ForumMartha Jo BraycichMy Coaches Were There For MeCarla SimonBond Between Student and Coach Transforms Life of Special Olympics Swimmer at YMCACarolyn GessnerIn Malta, a Proud Mother Shares Her StoryNatasha MicallefAn "Awesome" Secret: The Universal Power of Unified SportsDavid EvangelistaA Unified Gathering Like No OtherNoha Gaballa"We all need to work together and respect each other to be successful"Maureen RabbittMore Schools in the UK want to Play UnifiedMaureen RabbittDo You Have A Story to Share?Share Your Story More Stories


text:
A Miniature Extreme Environment Powder Delivery System (M-PoDS)
Award Information
Small Business Information
Apparati, Inc.
19270 Quinn Ct., Morgan Hill, CA, 95037-9320
Principal Investigator:
Charles Bryson
Principal Investigator
(408) 623-1556
Principal Investigator
(408) 623-1556
Business Contact:
Charles Bryson
(408) 623-1556
(408) 623-1556
Research Institution:
AbstractThis innovation is a low mass, low volume, gas based system that will acquire size selective powdered samples from the extreme ambient (such as Mars or Venus surface). Then it will transfer and deliver samples to the analytical instrument(s) that are situated in a controlled environment such as a robotic or lander platform where measurements can be made. This research will further develop a miniature sample acquisition, transfer and delivery system that will enhance NASA's capability of studying the origin, evolution and distribution of life in the planets. This system has a compact-robust construction and consumes very low power with no moving parts, which make this system very reliable for extreme environmental applications. It is a pneumatically operated system and has great potential for using in-situ resource (e.g. concentrated CO2 on Mars) for the operations. Size selective precision sampling, low cross-contaminations, possibility of high temperature sterilization are many of the unique features of this system. Proper development of this innovation (in the course of Phase I, II and III) will be key for the astrobiological, resource allocations and geophysical investigations that are addressed in NASA's defined Mars and Venus science missions.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


text:
Implications of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody status when switching to maintenance therapy
Version of Record online: 4 FEB 2005
DOI: 10.1002/art.20921
Copyright © 2005 by the American College of Rheumatology
Arthritis Care & Research
Volume 53, Issue 1, pages 1–2, 15 February 2005
Additional Information
How to Cite
Hoffman, G. S., Stone, J. H. and Langford, C. (2005), Implications of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody status when switching to maintenance therapy. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 53: 1–2. doi: 10.1002/art.20921
Publication History
- Issue online: 4 FEB 2005
- Version of Record online: 4 FEB 2005
- Manuscript Accepted: 24 APR 2004
- Manuscript Received: 18 APR 2004
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
In a previous issue of Arthritis Care & Research, Slot et al (1) reported their experience with a retrospective cohort of 128 patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Patients evaluated between 1990 and 1996 (cohort 1, n = 84) were treated with daily cyclophosphamide (CP) and glucocorticoids. In contrast, those evaluated after 1996 (cohort 2, n = 44) received an alternative remission maintenance approach, switching from CP to azathioprine (AZA) after remission had been achieved (2). The investigators analyzed the 2 patient subsets according to treatment regimen and ANCA status. Cohort 2 included 33 patients who had been proteinase 3-ANCA (PR3-ANCA) and classic-ANCA (C-ANCA) positive, of whom 13 remained ANCA positive at the time of the treatment switch. This persistently ANCA-positive subset of patients had a higher rate of relapse compared with the 20 patients who had become ANCA negative by the time of the AZA switch (P = 0.04). What are the implications of this observation for current clinical practice and research?
Additional details of the 2 regimens employed and the timing of disease flares are relevant to the proper interpretation of this study. The patients in cohort 1 were treated with CP until remission and then underwent slow tapers of the medication such that the mean duration of CP use was 18 months. In contrast, the patients in cohort 2 received CP only for a mean period of ∼6 months (range ∼3–17 months), followed by conversion to AZA. That medication was then tapered by 25 mg every 3 months, resulting in a mean total duration of AZA treatment of approximately 21 months. Overall, 41% of the patients in the combined cohorts relapsed. The relapse rates at 2 and 4 years followup were not different between the 2 groups. Most of the observed relapses occurred after the cytotoxic agents had been tapered.
This study has several important strengths:
- 1The sizeable number of patients.
- 2The lengthy median followup period (5.3 years; range 1–11.5 years).
- 3
The paper also has some weaknesses:
- 1Comparison of 2 treatment regimens applied during different time periods.
- 2Inclusion of several forms of AAV that are often recognized as being clinically distinct (e.g., Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, or renal-limited vasculitis). Because of its generally striking, highly characteristic eosinophilia, the Churg-Strauss syndrome marks a significant departure from the other diseases included in the study. The authors do not provide details about the number of patients with each individual clinical diagnosis within the 2 cohorts. It is quite possible that responses to treatment and durations of remission may vary across AAV subsets.
- 3Omission of details related to the severity of disease relapses and toxicities of the therapeutic regimens. These data are very difficult to collect accurately in a retrospective study.
- 4Variability in the timing of the switch to AZA (3–17 months after CP therapy). Particularly pertinent to the authors' major conclusion—the impact of ANCA status at the time of treatment switch on the risk of subsequent disease flare—is whether the duration of CP treatment varied among the 33 PR3-ANCA–positive patients in cohort 2.
One potential interpretation of the results of this study is that ANCA status should guide the duration of CP treatment; i.e., that PR3-ANCA–positive patients should be continued on CP as long as they remain ANCA positive, regardless of their clinical status. The authors rightly caution, however, that the known risks of chronic CP therapy make lengthy treatment unappealing. There are at least 2 major problems associated with prolonged CP. First, previous studies have demonstrated that some patients who are persistently ANCA positive achieve and maintain clinical remissions for prolonged periods (5, 6). Therefore, to continue CP solely because of ANCA positivity would be to expose some individuals to unwarranted toxicity. Slot et al (1) note that based on their data, for every 3 continuously PR3-ANCA–positive patients treated with prolonged CP, 2 would be treated unnecessarily. Second, some adverse events associated with CP, e.g., bladder cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplasia, and infertility, are irreversible (4). These toxicities are not only associated with their own risks of morbidity and mortality, they also preclude further CP use and therefore deprive the patient of the most effective agent currently known for the treatment of life-threatening AAV.
This study raises other questions about future potential treatment strategies. Most relapses in the 2 cohorts occurred after the tapering and discontinuation of CP or AZA. Would more prolonged treatment with AZA have led to more sustained remissions (and ultimately less morbidity and mortality), regardless of ANCA status at the time of starting the maintenance agent? The answer to this question and the optimal length of remission maintenance therapy in AAV remain unknown. However, given the high risk of relapse in certain forms of AAV (e.g., Wegener's granulomatosis), we question if it might be reasonable to continue AZA or other lower-risk remission maintenance agents (7) indefinitely. If not reasonable for all patients with AAV, such a strategy might be advisable for certain high-risk patients (e.g., those with recurrent renal flares and/or significant renal damage from preexisting disease). The risk/benefit considerations of prolonged remission maintenance therapy are not known.
Additional information from this study, albeit difficult to acquire retrospectively, would have addressed the issues described above. Slot et al (1) do not provide information about the severity of relapses that followed tapering and discontinuation of therapy. Were the relapses in the AZA group mild and easily treated, or were they sufficiently severe as to justify the risks of extended CP therapy? The question of prolonged maintenance therapy cannot be answered by this study or others currently available, but it remains an important issue for future investigations.
The observations of Slot and colleagues (1) provide further testimony to the absence of cure for at least a subset(s) of patients with AAV. There remains a need to identify safe and effective therapies that modulate or irreversibly alter critical pathophysiologic pathways in AAV in a specific fashion. Until such therapies become available, we are challenged to balance the potential risks of active AAV with the potent and often toxic effects of agents we provide for our patients. Definitive answers on the role of ANCA status in guiding treatment decisions await the conduct of carefully designed prospective studies.
- 1Positive classic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA) titer at switch to azathioprine therapy associated with relapse in proteinase 3-related vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 51: 269–73., , , .
- 2A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 36–44., , , , , , et al.
- 3Wegener's granulomatosis: studies in eighteen patients and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1973; 52: 535–61., .
- 4Wegener granulomatosis: an analysis of 158 patients. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 488–98., , , , , , et al.
- 5Prediction of relapses in Wegener's granulomatosis by measurement of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody levels: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43: 2025–33., , , , , , et al.
- 6Limited prognostic value of changes in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titer in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 365–71., , , , , .
- 7A staged approach to the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis: induction of remission with glucocorticoids and daily cyclophosphamide switching to methotrexate for remission maintenance. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42: 2666–73., , , .


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Brakes problem
1984 GMC S15 6 cyl Two Wheel Drive Automatic 130000 miles
I have had to replace the rear backing plates. Is there a tool to compress the spring on e-brake cable at the backing plate to re-attach the the lever arm to the cable?
Tuesday, January 8th, 2008 AT 1:16 PM


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Welcome to the
Forest Skating Club
"Teaching all ages to skate since 1952"
2015-2016 Season
Private Skaters and StarSkate Group start Sept 14.
CanSkate and PreCanSkate start October 5.
More details are available from the Schedule page.
See Upcoming Events for registration forms, and other information.
Considering registering yourself or your child? You may be wondering what equipment is needed.
Skates: to begin recreational skates, hockey skates or figure skates are all suitable. We recommend lace up skates with good support.
Skate Canada requires that a CSA-approved hockey helmet be worn until a skater has passed Canskate level 5.
2015-2016 Registration
Mondays and Thursdays
5 - 6 pm
Shores Recreation Centre (Main Lobby)


text:
How do I know whether a certain key on the keyboard is pressed/down or unpressed/up on Mac? Right now I need it for the spacebar, but an answer that would work for any key would be perfect.
I don't want to detect the events:
I want the state of a key (spacebar) at a certain moment.
On Windows this seems possible (although I haven't tried it out) with the following code:
But I haven't found a solution for Mac yet.


text:
Fresh violence in a Rio slum left one policeman dead Saturday -- one day after the federal government stepped in to bring unruly favelas under control before the World Cup starts.
Police said the 44-year-old officer was shot in the throat in an exchange of gunfire in a western district in the early hours after he had challenged two young men who soon fled on a motorbike.
On Friday, Rio state governor Sergio Cabral held emergency talks with President Dilma Rousseff after a spate of attacks, with Justice Minister Jose Eduardo Cardozo saying afterwards that the federal government in Brasilia had agreed to provide backup for Rio police.
With the World Cup barely 10 weeks away Cardozo insisted the government had every confidence in "an excellent security plan" for the tournament.
The government will reveal Monday the exact scope of the help in will be providing Rio, where city authorities have been battling gang violence for decades.
Over the past six years, authorities in the former capital, which will host the Olympic Games in two years time, have attempted to "pacify" the favelas.
To date, 38 so-called Police Pacification Units (UPPs) comprising more than 9,000 police have been established in slums home to around 600,000 people.
However, recent weeks have seen a spate of attacks on UPPs, raising alarm given that Rio will host seven World Cup matches, including the final.


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Book your room at The Fairway Hotel
Get an overview of this hotelLondon hotel in Kings Cross St. Pancras, walk to British Library
Located in Kings Cross St. Pancras, this hotel is within a 15-minute walk of British Library and University of London. Russell Square and The British Museum are also within 1 mi (2 km).
Hotel Features
Multilingual staff and free WiFi in public areas are available at this hotel.
Room Amenities
All 33 rooms offer free WiFi, room service, and TVs. Coffee makers and showers are among the other amenities available to guests.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
The Fairway Hotel13/15 Argyle Street King's Cross London England WC1H 8EJ
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The Fairway Hotel features multilingual staff and room service (during limited hours). High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
- Free WiFi
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Number of floors - 4
- Total number of rooms - 33
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Room service (limited hours)
- Shower only
- Television
Where to Eat
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-in time ends at Midnight
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- No onsite parking is available.
- The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
No elevators
This hotel will place an authorization approximately 9 days prior to arrival for the amount of the first night. For more details, please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
Optional extras
- Onsite credit card charges are subject to a surcharge
Hotel Name
- Fairway Hotel
- Fairway Hotel London
- Fairway London
- Hotel Fairway
We should mention
Children 2 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Alcohol is not served at this property.
Awards & Affiliations
- The property is a member of Preferred Hotels & Resorts.


text:
Reversible 4-Light Bathroom Vanity Fixture (Dimmable)
This refers to how this fixture sits on the ceiling. A flushmount fixture will be flush to the ceiling. A semi-flush fixture will be extended down from the ceiling by a short distance. A Recessed fixture will be recessed into the ceiling, etc.
To narrow your search results you can select the type of product you are looking for from the list provided below and all other items will be removed.
Because there are so many unique finishes offered by the manufacturers we carry, we have grouped them into common tones to more easily allow you to find the finish you're looking for.
This field allows you to narrow your search results by a selected price range. If you desire to view products only within a certain range you can do so.
Determines where the light is mostly directed. Ambient Lighting means that the light is not focused in any one direction. Up / Down Lighting fixtures direct light in both the up and downward position. Up or Down fixtures have the option of being mounted in either the up or down position. Bath Bar Fixtures are sometimes called Vanity Strip Lights and do not point up or down, but rather illuminates out in all directions. Please see examples below.
If you would like to view one specific manufacturer, please select one from the list below.
Total number of bulbs that this fixture uses.
The measurement from the very bottom of the fixture to the top. (Does not measure chain or stems for ceiling hung fixtures)
Width is the measured distance, in inches, from front to back.
Copyright© 2000-2016. Build.com, Inc. All rights reserved.
402 Otterson Dr, Chico, CA USA 95928


text:
Ellistown Breezes for Dec. 31, 2010
By Margaret McCraw
This Friday completes the year. We will leave 2010 with memories of a white Christmas. Something I have seen in Mississippi only four times in my lifetime; 1962, 1963, 1964 and 2010.
I stayed five years in Chicago and only remember one Christmas that it didn't snow. Of course, that was the one our "Yankee" classmates were planning to teach us "Rebels" some winter sports, and we were eagerly wanting to learn them. Since that was the year it didn't snow while we were out for Christmas break, I figure God had mercy on us and didn't let anybody get broken bones.
However, I did try ice skating when the temperature was four degrees above zero. After I had pulled everyone down who was trying to teach me to skate, we headed for a close by drugstore and drank hot cocoa to thaw out. That was during the 50's when I was in my early twenties and weighed 120 pounds.
We also close out the year with sad news. Another of our Center High School friends went home to be with the Lord, Bud Dillard. His brother, A.J., was buried just a few weeks ago. Deepest sympathy to his family, especially to his sister, Dorothy Dillard Purvis, who was also a student at Center High. Bud was proud of his family and I purchased one of his son's (Gary) instrumental recordings.
He also loved woodworking and when I broke my wrist a few years ago he and his late wife came to visit me. I had him make my Ladies Sunday School Class one of his napkin holders. They each had carved on them "praying hands" and a cross.
He made for me a stand that bears a heart in the center with a cross carved out in the center of the heart. On each side of the heart he carved "never" on the left side, and "alone" on the right side, then underneath Deuteronomy 31:6. He had lost his wife about a year earlier than my husband died, which made me really appreciate his thoughtfulness.
I called Sue Pannell just now to find out how her daughter-in-law, Lynn Pannell, was doing after her throat surgery and she said she was doing fine and they were having trouble keeping her in bed. Lynn is the wife of Sue's son, David Pannell.
I apologize to those who usually receive a Christmas card from me. I simply couldn't get them ready this year, but I want you to know I really appreciate the ones I received and hope next year will be a better year for me.
Our group motored to Arkansas Christmas Eve for our Christmas at Patsy, Rob and Gwen's. As usual we had a wonderful time and when we were ready to leave it began to sleet/snow and Rob made the comment that every Christmas Eve since they had been in their new home it had either rained, sleeted or snowed. That was a true statement because the ones who have to drive a good distance remembered driving in the rain. They did not have a white Christmas this year but get snows more frequently than we do in Mississippi.
I spent Christmas Eve night with Hugh, Cristie and Maggie. What a beautiful site were the tree limbs loaded with snow. Cristie prepared one of Paula Dean's breakfast potato casseroles for us, which was delicious, and afterwards Hugh takes Maggie outside for a snowball fight. He made the snowballs for Maggie, age two, but she really enjoyed pounding him with them. She laughed each time she hit him and was beginning to make her own artillery when he brought her inside to warm up. Hugh brought me home as they were driving back to Southaven to have dinner with his mom and sister's family, then back home for their Christmas with immediate family.
Patsy came over Christmas Day and joined Mrs. Isabelle Scott's family for their Christmas celebration. Later, she went with Lane and Merrill and also visited Miss Kat who was unable to be home this Christmas. She spent the night with me Saturday night, and visited Hugh's family before driving back to Arkansas Sunday.
About Chris Elkins
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3 Reviews
The second time I made these I added the peanut butter to the white chocolate and added the cookies to the milk chocolate. This kept the colors more distinct. Whenthey are swirled together it tastes delicious. Everyone loved it.
The title pretty much says it all!
Ok this is awesome! I am still licking my chops on the taste testing and love it and the bowl they were made in. LOL I almost did not need to use the microwave t melt the chocolate as it is over 100 with the heat index today but I did so I would get them done and in the fridge on time. I could say I do not like you so much for this recipe as my hips will grow as will DH's but I won't. These are simple and quick. They are messy but what can you expect. Perfect dessert for unexpected company or for hot humid days like we arehaving. The only thing better is if I could jump in the fridge with them. Thank you chef. Made for All You Could Cook Buffet, Special Event.


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February 7, 2014
The Challenges of Traditional Treatment
Although the effect of HIV coinfection on HCV disease progression increases the priority of HCV treatment, traditional HCV therapy -- peginterferon plus ribavirin -- has a notoriously brutal toxicity profile and a depressingly low rate of success in HIV-coinfected people.
"Interferon has an adverse effect on essentially every system in the body," Cox said. "This is particularly important in our HIV-infected individuals, because we tend to see a little bit more depression," as well as other complications including anemia, neutropenia, cytopenia, nausea, cardiovascular events and concurrent infections, she added.
In addition, historically, HIV care providers have found the question of when to refer a patient into HCV care a challenge, due to uncertainties around the timing of (and potential interactions with) HIV therapy and their awareness of HCV treatment's poor efficacy and tolerability, Cox noted.
Myles Helfand is the editorial director of TheBody.com and TheBodyPRO.com.
Follow Myles on Twitter: @MylesatTheBody.
|Taking Atripla Three Days a Week Maintains Undetectable HIV Viral Load, Pilot Study Finds
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|Weekly PRO 140 Antibody Injections May Work as HIV Maintenance Therapy
|This Week in HIV Research: Effects of Treatment on Arterial Inflammation; Mortality Rate After 5 Years of Treatment Not Impacted by Initial CD4 Count
|Investigational Integrase Inhibitor Bictegravir Safe and Effective Against HIV in Early Study


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By MICHAEL R. GORDON
Published: January 5, 2001
A former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who conducted a comprehensive study of the nuclear test ban treaty at the request of President Clinton has concluded that the United States must ratify it in order to mount an effective campaign against the spread of nuclear weapons.
The assessment by Gen. John M. Shalikashvili, who was chairman of the Joint Chiefs from 1993 to 1997, is part of a last-ditch attempt by Mr. Clinton to build support for the treaty, which Senate Republicans rejected in 1999 and on which President-elect George W. Bush's own top aides have sharply disagreed.
General Shalikashvili's report outlines measures intended to assuage critics of the treaty, including increased spending on verification, greater efforts to maintain the United States nuclear arsenal and a joint review by the Senate and administration every 10 years to determine whether the treaty is still in American interests.
President-elect Bush assailed the treaty as unverifiable and unenforceable during the campaign, but he has also promised to continue the Clinton administration's moratorium on nuclear testing for the time being. And some Republican lawmakers have suggested that they might reconsider their votes against the accord if the treaty was modified or accompanied by new safeguards and if the new Republican administration supported it.
Mr. Bush's advisers have been deeply divided on the merits of a test ban. Like most top military men, Gen. Colin L. Powell, the secretary of state-designate, backed the treaty after he retired as chairman of the Joint Chiefs in 1993, even urging India to sign the accord during a trip there.
''The treaty is necessary for the safety and reliability of the world because it will reduce the threat of nuclear weapon attacks,'' General Powell said at the time.
But Donald Rumsfeld, the conservative defense secretary-designate, has heatedly opposed the treaty, saying it would preclude the United States from developing new generations of nuclear weapons.
''By weakening confidence in existing U.S. weapons designs, and by inhibiting the development of new designs to respond to a changing world, the C.T.B.T., in my view, would have begun a slow erosion of U.S. and allied confidence in our stockpile,'' Mr. Rumsfeld has said, using the abbreviation for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, as the agreement is formally known.
Mr. Bush's aides declined to comment yesterday on General Shalikashvili's assessment, which is to be presented to Mr. Clinton today.
But it comes at a sensitive juncture in the arms control debate. With Mr. Bush's vow to develop an antimissile defense and uncertainty over Washington's position on nuclear testing, there is considerable concern in allied capitals that the broader framework of arms control may be in jeopardy. If Mr. Bush proceeds with the antimissile defense, despite the allies' concerns, he could find himself under pressure to make some gestures on the testing issue, some arms control supporters say, to ease that opposition, particularly in Europe.
The nuclear test ban treaty was rejected by the Senate in October 1999 by a vote of 51 to 48, a decisive setback for the Clinton administration given the constitutional requirement that treaties be approved by a two-thirds vote.
President Clinton responded by proclaiming the United States' intention to observe a self-imposed moratorium on nuclear testing and by asking General Shalikashvili to meet with Senate critics, nuclear arms designers and other experts to see if it was possible to work out a way to win eventual approval by the Senate. The retired general was assisted by James E. Goodby, a senior arms control official in Republican and Democratic administrations.
The test ban treaty was completed in 1996. By December, it had been signed by 160 countries and ratified by 69. But the treaty cannot take effect until it has been approved by the United States and 43 other nations that have nuclear research or power reactors.
Of these, Britain, France and Russia have signed and ratified the accord. China has signed the agreement, but has yet to ratify it. India and Pakistan, which have engaged in a nuclear arms race in South Asia, have not signed. Nor has North Korea.
General Shalikashvili and other recent military leaders have argued that the United States' ratification is essential to persuade other nations to accept the treaty and strengthen other measures to curtail the spread of nuclear arms, like the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty under which nonnuclear states forgo the right to develop nuclear weapons.
''The view of the chairman and the chiefs has been that while there are risks with this treaty, as with most treaties, the advantages in helping the fight against proliferation outweigh the disadvantages,'' General Shalikashvili said in a telephone interview.
Given his harsh criticism of the treaty during the campaign and the passions the treaty has stirred up in Washington, Mr. Bush may be tempted to let the treaty languish unratified. But General Shalikashvili asserted in his report that postponing American approval of the accord could be risky.


text: Celebrity Con Artist Kim Kardashian Flees for AustraliaBrian Moylan11/01/11 12:59pmFiled to: Gossip Roundupkim kardashianKris HumphrieskardashiansLindsay LohanScarlett JohanssonRyan reynoldGwyneth PaltrowGeorge SorosAdriana ferreyrChariceMadonnaJacqueline lauritaChris lauritaCaroline manzoPcnTweetdTweetgFbTop1202EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink The Kardashian frenzy continues. ScarJo opens up about her naked pictures. Lindsay Lohan goes from morgue to graveyard. And Gwyneth Paltrow says more obnoxious things. Tuesday's gossip ate too much candy. All anyone wants to talk about is Kim Kardashian. She flew off to Australia yesterday after filing for divorce a quick 72 days after wedding baller Kris Humphries in a lavish ceremony attended by all the elves in magical E! Land. She's looking down and heading down under, where she'll launch a new handbag line. This is Kim's life: tabloid headlines and handbag lines. This is all she has. Anyway, some show down there will have the first interview with her after the divorce. The show "Sunrise" is probably jumping around like a kangaroo it's so happy it lucked into this predicament. In other Kim news, apparently Halloween is the day in 2010 that she and Kris first met. The whole tabloid cycle in one year flat. A PR expert says that Kim picked the perfect day for the announcement, a slow news day at the beginning of the week so she could maximize on the press for the week. That is if she filed for divorce to get attention. That's the name of her new handbag line: I Filed for Divorce to Get Attention. Some are analyzing just how she faked the relationship and when it really ended. Who cares? That's like trying to figure out when the dog shit on the carpet. It's still there, and it still stinks, no matter when it happened. While the news was shocking yesterday, now there's not much more to report, other than our collective anger at being duped. [Page Six, TMZ, Radar Online, NYDN, images via Pacific Coast News]Scarlett Johansson tells Vanity Fair that the naked pictures of her that made their way around the internet were for her husband Ryan Reynolds. She says there is "nothing wrong with that." Amen, sister. I'm glad someone is finally out there asserting their right to send naked pictures over the internet. Now maybe Ryan Reynolds won't be so mad about all the ones I've sent him of myself. [TMZ]Last night Lindsay Lohan celebrated Halloween by going to a party in a graveyard dressed as a sexy nurse. Man, that morgue duty is sure rubbing off on her. [TMZ]A pile of cornhusks come to life, Gwyneth Paltrow, taught a drama class to the kids at tony private school Spence, where she graduated. "I studied drama here, but I didn't study it past being at Spence ... My mother ... has done a lot of stage work. I got a great education from her ... and growing up here where I went to the theater all the time. I've developed my own technique, but the most important thing is your instincts." Yes, that's all Gwynnie can teach you: have an actress mother, be rich, go to the theater, and live in New York. And then trust your instincts. I have a sudden instinct to give her a wet willy. [Page Six]Billionaire and Democratic boogeyman George Soros filed papers that the suit brought against him by his ex-girlfriend, Brazilian soap star Adriana Ferreyr, should be dismissed. She is asking for $50 million because he didn't buy her an apartment like he promised and threw a lamp at her and choked her. Soros' team says she's full of shit. Sounds like just about every breakup lawsuit I've ever been through. [Page Six]The estranged father of Filipino superstar and sometimes Glee actress Charice was stabbed to death in a grocery store in her native country. Apparently he bumped into a drunk man who flew into a rage and stabbed him repeatedly with an ice pick. Charice cancelled a concert in Singapore to return to the Philippines to be with her family. And Madonna's homeless brother thought he had it bad. [People]Real Housewife of New Jersey Jacqueline Laurita is the latest of the cast whose husband is in some financial and business trouble. A suit was filed against her husband Chris and his (and Caroline Manzo's) brother Joseph claiming that they bilked $8 million in funds from their Signature Apparel clothing line that went bankrupt in 2009. The case is still pending. Too bad Jacqueline and Teresa Giudice are on the outs, because they'd have something else to commiserate about other than crazy Danielle. [Radar Online]Reply120 repliesLeave a reply


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Thanks Christos and Konstantin.
LOL wow that little town grew up quick. Very good! Nice photos Allison, we will be there next week. will look for that view of metropolis Wellfleet.
Little insignia was quickly swept away by the tide.
Sara, thanks for sharing. I may never get to vist Colordo. Your pics may be the closest I get.
Very nice photos, Franconia Notch is one of my favorite places.


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Office Kaizen
Slide presentation on Office Kaizen (28 slides)
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- Kaizen (Ky'zen)
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Crazy Substitute Teachers
Enjoy, NG4.03 / 5.00 2,387 Views
Vacuum Salesman
This dude and his Megazord vacuum cleaner4.00 / 5.00 2,700 Views
Markiplier Animated | Mark Of The Survey Corps
This took far too long to make...3.97 / 5.00 6,185 Views
What was that? I'm sorry but i could not understand a word. I could make out fractions of what they said, like:
(Gibberish) I think we has (gibberish) winner!
(Gibberish) winner you (Gibberish) Prize! Yeah £@?#!
this is not good sry man
Hey man since this is your first time i wont give you too much grieve, just try to do better with voice acting and try going to some art classes (no offense at all just saying) cause they could do a great deal of help. Until then just try makeing some videos by yourself (just for practice), try to get a feel for flash animation, try working with drawing programs, and how to do the voice acting. You might also want to try to co-up with someone who has had some Flash animation exp. that way he could show how to do it.
No offense but it was a waste of time.
I could not understand the english and was there even a purpose to it? Idk if you have potential but keep practicing and maybe you'll make something splending in the future.
This flash is for a limited audience seeing that you can barely understand the English that the characters are speaking. It has no purpose that I can recognize, even after replaying it. Keep practicing and your animation will reach awesome status, until then try to keep away from colorless backgrounds, strange shape characters, and bad voice acting.
as you said this is NOT very good
i am not a great animator, and by professional standards i still suck, so don't feel bad, but as you well know, so i won't reiterate this too much, this was not very good. first and fore most, please work on your voice acting/editing. what i heard was simply a garble version of what might have been pitch changed vocals, but none of it was intelligible. as far as animation itself was concerned... well ive seen better done on ms paint. i'm not trying to be mean, just honest.
my advice would be to watch all of the tutorials at your disposal. as well watch the videos by your favorite flash artists again and again.. and again. understand what they do to create their animations, and even if you can't do what they do, strive to try. animation is a hard field and it takes a lot of devotion and time, that's why they get paid a lot of the time to do it. yet moreover an animator must love to create, an animator must be willing to devote their life to the pursuit of bringing their imagination to life. that is the only way that animators can create what they do, because it takes a lot of life to make only a five second image of life.
now that i have given my rant, i just want to say, that yes this was really bad, but don't give up, if you want to create, never give up. just spend almost all of what you used to call a life learning the trade, and then learn more.
oh and although your animation was bad, mad respect. why? because you put something out their. that is the first step to getting better,
any way, man
best of luck,
keep on going no matter what negative reviews you get,
and one day you too could be one of the greatly respected flash animators!