text:
I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
From an interview given to Ed Sherman posted on Chicago Business:
I can't stand it when I hear someone say they can't afford to go to a game. It might be hard to get tickets for a Yankees or Sox game, but there's no reason why they can't afford to go to another game. We want to get more fans in the park.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Does the Astros deal involve Cubs tickets?
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
baseball is a horrible investment and the ricketts are going to go broke and the cubs payroll with be $60m next year with ads on everything and exploding scoreboards and neifi perez.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Shut up and buy some tickets.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
People are crazy. I read an article somewhere online the other day, maybe Fangraphs, about whether Milton Bradley faced racist fans at Wrigley, and it mentioned other players with death threats and racist insults, etc.
I don't understand those fans. Soriano pisses me off a lot, but I never once have considered calling him a racist name. That has nothing to do with my dislike for some of his play. Or Koyie Hill, etc. Nor would I ever send someone a death threat.
It makes me wonder what percentage of the population is certifiably insane? Or just hate mongering assholes?
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Side note: USA Today (or the FBI file) got Santo's town of residence wrong, it wasn't Glenville, IL, it was Glenview (I dated a girl for a while that lived one street over from Santo). There is no Glenville, IL.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
there's no more excuse for factual sloppiness like that today. would've taken only 5 seconds on google to confirm something like that
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Somebody should remind him that the game where Banks hit HR #500 drew under 6,000 people.
I may actually make it back to Wrigley this year after a nearly four year absence - my last game there was 9/19/2007 when Junior Griffey hurt himself yet again in the outfield and mercifully missed the remainder of the season. I go to somewhere between 5-10 road games a year as well as 1-2 non-Cubs games, but Wrigley is too annoying for me to enjoy when the place park is full - cramped, full of Trevors and Trixies, and difficult to get home to the SW suburbs after a night game.
But if the secondary market is as weak as it was last September, when unfortunately a rash of work travel kept me from going, I'll probably go to some games this year.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
I may actually make it back to Wrigley this year after a nearly four year absence...
If you couldn't brush aside the "annoyances" to come to a gorgeous ballpark to even see a 96-win team that was fun to watch, do us a favor here in Chicago and stay away.
Maybe the Peoria Chiefs are better suited to you?
Annoyance-free and cheap.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Tom, is that you?
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
I love you too. Thanks for telling me how I should spend my money. Do you sit in the corner of the LF bleachers?
It is physically painful for me to sit in a seat at Wrigley if the stadium is full. If you are sitting in front of me, my knees will be on each side of your ear. And figure out how long it takes to get from Wrigley to any of the Metra stations out towards Westmont or Naperville at 10pm on a weeknight.
The fact is that I do enjoy watching the team play in ballparks such as Pittsburgh (which is a beautiful facility, almost as nice as Wrigley) and Milwaukee (where I can make fun of cheeseheads and not freeze to death in April). Lots of Cub fans do not make it to Wrigley for a variety of reasons.
But Tom Ricketts should just shut up about ticket prices.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Tom Ricketts should just shut up about ticket prices
He should do more than shut up about them. HE should LOWER them.
I think that may have to happen anyway for people to come back other than us STH's. And, no, I do not ever sit in the bleachers. It is a Frat Party section now in my opinion.
FWIW, the 1st row in almost every section at Wrigley has built-in space allowing for your legs, to put your feet on the railing, food, souveniers, etc. The bleachers family section also has extra-room.
Confucius Say: If you want to spend the big bucks, the Dugout Boxes as well as other Box areas also have extra room. With the team as shitty as it is right now, depending on the date, it is possible that no one will be sitting in front of you anyway - or you can move close by where a seat in-front is unoccupied.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
I'm confused. I can sympathize with the health problems and uncomfortable seats, but the seats are in the same locations whether there are people sitting in them or not. I think you just mis-worded your reasoning. It's probably a pain in the butt for a very tall person to have to constantly move for fans to pass through, etc., but as for any discomfort from the seats, it's going to be the same if you were the only person in the ballpark since the seats do not move.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Yes, but when the ballpark is full, the Trixies usually don't like it when their head is between my knees, unless they've had a LOT to drink.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Here's the problem, the place is over 100 years old!!!
When they built it the average man was the size of a hobbit.
Gut the gdamn place and re do it or move.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
say confucius - didn't you used to play for the bosox w/ pumpsie green? good field/no-hit middle infielder maybe?
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
No, I believe that you have me confused with Davey Rosello.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Actually, there has never been a MLB player named Confucius. I'm dismayed by that fact.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
marlon byrd has a 15 game hitting streak (and only 6 starts total without a hit all year)...but...
only 1 double and 1 HR out of 21 hits in those 15 games...his only HR so far.
where them doubles at byrd? c'mon...
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Speaking of terrible #3 hitters with the initials MB, Uncle Milty was released...
and he had 13 RBI's in 28 games. Marlon has 8 in 38.
Cubs WIN!!
Rob Neyer writes, "In the end, the Mariners probably "lost" the trade that got them Bradley, because at least Carlos Silva pitched effectively for three months last season with the Cubs."
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
that's like picking the best olympic sporting event and having the choice between the paralympics and the special olympics.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
byrd isn't hitting for power...he shouldn't be hitting 3rd.
that said, i don't got a problem with the guy. his D and range in CF are still good enough. his power is slumping, but very little else.
that said, if his power slumps all year that's a concern going into 2012. he's never going to walk and while he's not slow, he's not fast. he needs his doubles-power at the very least.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Sullivan has tonight's lineup:
Fukudome RF/Barney 2B/Castro SS/Ramirez 3B/Soriano LF/Byrd CF/Pena 1B/Hill C/Zambrano P
And Reds reliever Aroldis Chapman on the 15 day dl. And the Cubs are in the midst of a 10 straight night game streak, a team record.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
I hear tomorrow Quade will start Hill in CF to give Byrd a day off, while DeWitt starts at catcher :)
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
You can't play catcher in MLB unless you start playing the position around age 6.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Too lazy to check if its a RH or LF pitcher (... do the Reds have a LHSP pitcher?), but Dick Quade has managed to bat all five of his RH hitters in a row, and his four lefty "hitters" (in the case of Hill) in a row.
Now it's like he's actually thinking of ways to fuck his job up... well nevermind, this is the guy that brought us releasing Silva so Russell could start.
Jim Hendry, there's an unemployment line with you and your flunkies' names just waiting for you.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
It's a righty, Homer Bailey.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
This is one of those times where batting Z 7th wouldn't be the worst idea Quade could have had. Put the automatic out 8th, and Fukodome in the 9 spot.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
There's never a time to bat the guy with a .450 OBP 9th, unless you're playing on ColecoVision.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
That's true...of course, it's not April anymore...time for Fukudome to go in the tank.... .229/.341/.314 in May.....
Sheesh.....I will be glad to see him gone.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
hooray for the most empty .341 obp ever.....
you're probably right Rob....sigh.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
castro back in 3-hole cuz he had a good game in cincy last year?
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Your other options who are slugging over .400 are Barney and Soriano. Who do you want to hit third?
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Is there anything better than rich people yelling at poorer (than them) folks about not spending money? F#** that guy. I love Wrigley, but these guys only see the fans as walking cash cows. Can we get Mark Cuban to hijack the team? Give me an owner who is serious about building a consistent winning team.
BTW, myself and "Rick Reuschel" will be at the game tomorrow in Cincy. Supposed to be craptastic weather. If I see Marty Brennaman, I'll honk a loogie at him. Hope to see seem blues jerseys. Castellini hates when Cubs fans fill his Ballpark.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
confucius jackson is a great name! would love to have a confucius jackson baseball card...
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
hitting in front of zombie hill should get some good pitches to safety squeeze if he comes up w/RISP...
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Playing devil's advocate, Ricketts' comments could be taken as showing empathy for fans. Of course, he could show more empathy by lowering ticket prices, but come on.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
I don't know about redeeming...and yes, context...but I just didn't read it as harshly. He certainly didn't come off as entirely empathetic, certainly, but just tossing that notion out there.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Based on the context of the statement he seems to be talking about buying re-sale tickets for hot commodity games... he sadly has forgotten the context that the economy is not in great shape, his team sucks and he still charges the among the highest ticket prices in the game. You shouldn't be able to fly round trip from Chicago to LA for the price of four not very good tickets to a baseball game... not sure what he doesn't get about it. Does he think he was paying $16 face for bleacher tickets in 1988?
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
The Cubs are selling at 85.1% of capacity, 5th in MLB, fwiw.
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Yeah, but a large percentage of those tickets Ricketts only got to sell one time... how can he run a business like that?
Are the other four teams as woeful as the Cubs?
Re: I Am Tom Ricketts's Inner Snob
Ha. The worst team in the league is selling 97.8% of it's tickets in the coldest stadium in MLB.
Recent comments
trevor clifton (high-A) could be interesting in a couple seasons...could even become a high/middle rotation guy. he's got a lot of pluses in his pitching except control.
eric leal's (high-A) progression through the minors should be worth watching even if only projects to be an mid/end-rotation starter.
we also gotta keep a long-distance eye on guys like jose paulino (ss-A) and preston morrison (A).
As Johnny Bach used to say when it was time for the MJ Bulls to crank up the defensive pressure: "Release the Dobermans!", and Jordan, Pippen, Rodman and Harper would just suffocate the other team.
I'd love to add Carl Jr. to that group - he's got the stuff.
Historically, the Moneyball guys have been great at identifying productive hitters. Not so much with pitchers.
Wow - Pierce Johnson with an ERA of 8.01 in 42IP!
What a stud prospect! Must be pitching with a pierced johnson.
Looks like Ryan Williams is the only legit prospect there. That is sad...
Well it would seem that's all they need now. "Stropy" can have his moments, but he's been more consistent post-asg.
Take THAT, Cardinals -- you beat Fernandez, we beat Sale.
I really like Lackey as a 6-inning pitcher.
Three amigos? Because the Dominican, the Venezuelan, and the Cuban?
Maybe the three-headed dragon?
Who says Contreras can't frame? Stone cold robbery of Eaton with that called third strike for the first out in the eighth
Three amigos time?
he should hit more of those. that would be an ideal outcome. /moneyballs
Russell with 19 RBI in July so far. Grand Slams help.
...and Familia with back-to-back blown saves. Blows a one-run lead vs. Rockies today, gets his 2nd consecutive loss.
I am OK with the Mets missing the playoffs and suffering crushing losses at home --- just want them to beat St. Louis.
He played with fire twice agains the Cubs -- unfortunately, the Cubs couldn't stop swinging.
How about Kyle Farnsworth? I know he was consistently upper 90s.
If he puts up Soriano numbers I will be ecstatic
I think Javy is learning--but he's learning to make contact, not learning to lay off pitches out of the zone. A quick glance at his plate discipline numbers on Fangraphs shows that his contact rate is up, especially his contact rate out of the zone, but his swing rate is up too, especially his swing rate out of the zone.
I definitely saw ballpark radar guns go up to 102 on Kerry Wood back when he was still a starter, but who knows how accurate they were.


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text:
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
, 13:389
First online:
Distance and backhaul in commodity transport modeling
- Joyce Smith CooperAffiliated withDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington Email author
- , Liila WoodsAffiliated withFive Winds International
- , Seung Jin LeeAffiliated withDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington
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Background, aims and scope
The goal of this work is to provide methodological information for modeling distance and backhaul for commodity transport in a life cycle inventory (LCI). The scope includes a review of modeling parameters accounted for in transport unit process models and accounted for in unit process models using transported materials. Assumptions related to backhaul (or return trip) and transport distance are characterized and evaluated. A case study explores the contribution of transport and the bearing of assumptions on the life cycle of select US-produced metals.
Backhaul and distance estimation assumptions and methods are described and applied. Commodity transport energy consumption and emissions (including life cycle fuel production) are estimated as a function of assumptions for distances traveled (based on data from a commodities transportation survey) and backhaul (based on a review of related literature) for transport unit processes and example US metal LCIs. The results estimate the contribution of transportation to life cycle total, fossil, and petroleum energy consumption and eight air emissions: CH4, CO, CO2, N2O, NO x , PM, SO x , and NMVOC for aluminum, brass, copper, iron, and carbon, and stainless steels.
When evaluating transportation processes unincorporated into the metals LCIs, we find a 21–62% and a 61–91% increase in life cycle flows for the inclusion of distance data confidence intervals and the inclusion of backhaul, respectively. We presume that these results also apply to transport-dominated LCIs, such as those evaluating alternative uses for wastes. Next, when commodity transport is incorporated into the metal LCIs, we find the contribution to the metals life cycle to exceed 10% of the life cycle values of NMVOC emissions (aluminum, iron, and carbon steels), CO emissions (secondary aluminum), NO x emissions (aluminum, secondary copper, iron, and steels), N2O emissions (aluminum, brass, secondary copper, iron, and carbon steels), and SO x , CH4, CO2, and greenhouse gas emissions (basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) carbon steel) and to exceed 25% for NMVOC emissions (BOF steel), NO x emissions (secondary aluminum, iron, and carbon steels), and N2O emissions (BOF steel). Also, when commodity transport is incorporated into the metal LCIs, we find little variation in the results related distance confidence intervals and the inclusion of backhaul, seeing on average a 2% change in the contribution of commodity transport to the metal LCIs for variation in assumptions. Finally, our normalization revealed a very small, consistent commodity transport contribution of NO x for all metals and a small contribution to all emissions by carbon steel on a national scale. Thus, we find the importance of distance and backhaul assumptions on a sliding scale: we find travel distances, distance confidence intervals, and the inclusion of backhaul to be important to transportation processes and presumably, transport-dominated LCIs; we find travel distances to be important when commodity transport is incorporated into metal LCIs; and we find commodity transport not important to our normalized results for the metals studied.
We presume all LCIs will fall somewhere on this sliding scale, and that the estimation methods presented here will be useful in future studies. To support transparency of results, LCI construction should clearly state transport assumptions and provide well-developed meta data noting regional vehicle/vessel energy and emission intensities; load factor; vehicle/vessel manufacturing, maintenance, and disposal; and infrastructure construction, operation/maintenance, and disposal for transport unit processes as well as load and distance for unit process models using transported materials. Finally, the diminishing returns of transportation data collection should be evaluated on the basis of whether the commodity transport distance can actually be changed.
Commodity transport can be important to un-normalized LCI results and can be sufficiently captured by representative (as opposed to a range of) distance assumptions for the metals studied. Because commodity transportation was found to be important in our un-normalized results, we note that, depending upon the goal of the study, intentional omission of commodity transport in metal LCIs, and until shown otherwise, other LCIs, without further investigation, may not be defensible.
Recommendations and perspectives
More attention is being paid to the contribution of transportation within system life cycles, particularly for food and bioproducts systems. Here, we note that well-documented assessments culminating in transparent results can be used to identify local sourcing or facility location priorities for metals and thus for materials beyond notorious transportation-oriented systems. Further, whereas it may be possible to develop reliable regional and commodity-specific rules-of-thumb for backhaul and distance/co-location that can be automated within the construction of a LCI, comprehensive commodity transport modeling remains dependent upon data for regional production mixes and the estimation of representative transport distances. Recommendations for future research include assessments beyond metals; assessment of a broader range of emissions, land use, and noise; and the inclusion of transportation from and to overseas destinations.
KeywordsBackhaul Co-location Commodities Distance estimation Metals Return trip Transportation
Reference tools
- Title
- Distance and backhaul in commodity transport modeling
- Journal
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
- Online Date
- May 2008
- 10.1007/s11367-008-0001-4
- Print ISSN
- 0948-3349
- Online ISSN
- 1614-7502
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Backhaul
- Co-location
- Commodities
- Distance estimation
- Metals
- Return trip
- Transportation
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Joyce Smith Cooper (1)
- Liila Woods (2)
- Seung Jin Lee (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352600, Seattle, WA, 98195-2600, USA
- 2. Five Winds International, Boston, MA, USA


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 5, 2009
|Filing date
|Dec 11, 2006
|Priority date
|Mar 23, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Perry A. Palumbo
|Original Assignee
|Hach Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 60/785,074 filed on Mar. 23, 2006 entitled "Measurement of particulate matter in a media" which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application. This application is related to application "Measurement of light from a predefined scatter angle from particulate matter in a media", "Dual function measurement system", "Optical design of a particulate measurement system" and "Self calibrating measurement system" all filed on the same day as this application and are hereby incorporated by reference.
Of interest to the process specialist, engineer, scientist, and others, is the quality or purity of product (media capable of particle suspension) being manufactured whether it liquid, gas, pharmaceutical, or the like. One measure of product quality is an assay of particulate matter or concentration of particulate matter within the end product or product during various stages of production so as to assure that particulate matter as a constituent of, or by product of the process, exists at a prescribed amount or within a suitable tolerance. When the particles in suspension are unknown, the particles may differ in composition, size, and shape. It is well known that matter interacts with light in a variety of ways, as example by means of absorption, reflection or scatter, and fluorescence to name a few. Various optical means have been devised to measure particulate matter within a suspension such as turbidimeter or nephelometer, particle counter, and densitometer but all use fundamentally different optical configurations each designed to measure a specific attribute or concentration range of the suspended particles by means of transmittance, reflection, or remittance of light.
Another constraint on the optical measurement configuration is imposed by regulatory agencies or by standardized methods by example the U.S. EPA Method 180.1, ASTM Standard Test Method for Turbidity of Water D 1889-00, and by International Standard ISO 7027 for the determination of turbidity for the assay of water quality. These methods and standards dictate the geometrical relationship of emitter to detector and the solid angle of collection optics so as to assure that instrument of similar task perform within designated parameters for reporting purposes.
Other limitations on devices for nephelometric measurement designed to determine the presence of particles in a suspension is the ability of the device to operate over a wide range of particle sizes and concentrations without impediment. Particle counters perform well at low concentration of particles but are prone to obstruction when the concentration or particle size becomes greater than the ability of the flow steam to pass through the narrow restriction, orifice, or capillary of the measurement interrupter. Devices, such as a turbidimeter, with unrestricted flow paths are insensitive to small concentrations of particles because the primary measurement technique relies on scattered light energy impinging on the detector means is greater than that of the self-generated noise of the detector.
Still another deficiency of devices used in the measure of particles in suspension is a lack of means to evaluate the operational readiness of the instrument without disruption of particle flow by the introduction of a calibration standard or calibration device, requiring interaction between a skilled operator or technician and the nephelometric device.
The disclosed invention eliminates the need for multiple nephelometric measuring devices and also system verification devices in order to perform assay of the presents or absence or number of suspended particles in a media as well as verification of the systems ability to measure in compliance to required performance attributes.
FIG. 1—is a sectional view of the optical layout of a particulate measurement system in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2—is a first side view of particulate measurement system in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3—is a second side view, with the meniscus lens removed, of a particulate measurement system in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4—is a sectional view of the flow path of a particulate measurement system in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5—is a block diagram of the optical layout of the detection path in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6—is a block diagram of the optical layout when utilizing more than one detection path in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7—is a block diagram of the optical layout of the light source path in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8—is a block diagram of the optical layout of the view area of the suspension media in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9—is a block diagram of a particulate measurement system utilizing a plurality of light source paths in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10—is a block diagram of the optical layout of a particulate measurement system with an annulus virtual source and second light source in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 11—is a block diagram of the optical layout of a particulate measurement system with an uncoated area of the convex lens surface and a second light source in an example embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 12—is a block diagram of the optical detail of an insitu calibration and verification means utilizing light from the primary light source and optical switching means to divert a portion of the primary source to the calibration and verification means in an example embodiment of the invention.
In one example embodiment of the invention, meniscus lens 1 is an emersion lens of refracting material greater than the refractive index of the suspension media. Meniscus lens 1 has a concave refracting first surface in contact with the suspension media, and a convex reflecting second surface. The first and second surfaces need not be concentric and neither surface needs be concentric with object plane 49. In one example embodiment of the invention the first refracting surface of meniscus lens 1 may be inert to the suspension media. Because the second reflecting surface of meniscus lens 1 is protected by the first refracting surface, meniscus lens 1 may be cleaned without danger of damaging the more delicate reflecting surface. The first refracting surface allows for an additional degree of freedom in the correction of optical aberrations that may otherwise degrade the image quality at image planes 49′ and 49″ without need of aspheric surfaces to the advantage of lower production cost. Because the main optical power of the meniscus lens is provided by the reflecting surface, problems with dispersion over a wide range of test wavelengths may be minimized. Marginal ray 50 from object plane 49 is refracted by the concave surface of meniscus lens 1, and propagates as ray 50 a to reflective convex surface of meniscus lens 1. Upon reflection on the coated convex surface of the lens the reflected ray 50 b is again refracted by the concave surface of the meniscus lens 1 and exits the lens as refracted ray 50 c. Because object plane 49 and intermediate image plane 49′, within field lens 2, are displaced along optical axis BB little refraction takes place on either side of field lens 2 as the index of refraction between suspension media 47 and index of refraction of field lens 2 are similar and the intermediate image 49′ is concentric, or nearly so, to the convex surface of field lens 2. Meniscus lens 1 provides a large numerical aperture that captures a large portion of the light scattered from a particle in suspension media 47. In one example embodiment of the invention, in excess of 1/7 of the total scattered light may be utilized to impinge upon particle detector 5 at image plane 49″. Marginal ray 50 c is refracted by lens 3, as marginal ray 50 d, and emerges from lens 3 as marginal ray 50 e. Field stop 9 defines the extent to which marginal rays scattered from particle in suspension media 47 will propagate through the optical system. An image of field stop 9 is formed at or near the surface of meniscus lens 1 as field stop image 9′. Marginal ray 50 e propagates to lens 4 and is refracted as marginal ray 50 f, emerging from lens 4 as marginal ray 50 g where an erect image of the particle is formed from the scatted light from object plane 49 at image plane 49″. Principle ray 51 follows a similar path through the optical system passing through the center of field stop 9 and also through the center of the image 9′ of the field stop formed at the surface of meniscus lens 1. Field stop 9 is positioned from lens 4 such that particle detector 5 is at the infinite conjugate of field stop 9. Thus, any portion of the image formed at field stop 9 impinges equally at the surface of particle detector 5.
Detector 5 may be that of a photodiode, Photo-Multiplier Tube (PMT), Charged Coupled Device (CCD) or Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, or any other means to convert light or radiation into quantifiable values of electrical potential or current. In one example embodiment of the invention, area array detectors such as CCD or CMOS image sensors may be used to measure by spatial position and incremental area the intensity of the image formed on the image sensor. Using this information, the device may measure size, shape, distribution, occurrence, and velocity of the particles in suspension at object plane 49. The magnification of object to image along optical axis BB is selected to provide adequate resolution for the measurements of interest and defines the maximum area that can be measured in the suspension. If the size of the image sensor is 6.4�4.8 mm and the magnification of the optical system is 2�, then the maximum area that can be measured in the suspension is 3.2�2.4 mm. For a given image sensor a fixed number of photosensitive sites are present as example 640�480 pixels, therefore each pixel is 10 um and represents a resolution of 5 um object per pixel in suspension. If the particles to be measured are at least 2 to 3 times larger than the resolution of the system, then a reasonable measure of the size and shape of the object can be determined. The depth of the image along optical axis BB is a result of the diameter or width of the illuminating beam along optical axis BB and, or the depth of field of the imaging optical system. A defined measurement volume may be determined using the width of the illumination along optical axis BB, the depth of field of the imaging optical system, the magnification of the optical system, and the size of the particle detector. A count of the illuminated particles or fluorescent particles within the defined measurement volume may be reported as a count per cubic millimeter. If the image sensor is of an integrating type, as the case for CCD and CMOS image sensors, the integration time—the time allotted for charge to accumulate on the photosensitive area of the device, may be used to determine the flow rate of the particles in suspension by measure of the number of pixels transgressed during the integration period. The resulting image is sometimes referred to as a "streak", the length of which and the known integration time can be used to calculate the velocity of the particle, hence the flow rate of the suspension media. When the concentration of particles in suspension is sufficiently high, individual particles become indistinguishable at the image sensor but may be measured as a concentration of particles by means of the total charge accumulated during the known integration period on the image sensor, or ampere current product of particle detector 5 as that of a photodiode, that is correlated to Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), Formazin Nephelometric Unit (FNU), McFarlane Units, or other standard nephelometric unit of measure of the cloudiness or haze of the suspension calibrated to a known concentration of nephelometric standard.
The disclosed invention is not limited to a single detection path.
A unique quality of the disclosed invention is the ability to image an object or mask, positioned along optical axis BB at field stop 9, onto or near the surface of meniscus lens 1. As shown in
In one example embodiment of the invention, a plurality of illumination paths may be used.
Another aspect of the present invention is the ability to introduce light into the detection path(s) of a known amount or percentage so as to facilitate the calibration or verification the operational readiness of the device without disruption to the flow or particle stream. A non-disruptive calibration or verification is accomplished by the introduction of light within the field of view of the detection optics along optical axis BB at the image plane of the field stop 9′, synonymous to the surface of meniscus lens 1, as shown in
Since lenses 3 and 4 relay an image from within field lens 2 it is also possible to utilize this arrangement to opt for a material or construction for field lens 2 that will partially scatter by applied electrical field or other stimulation cause field lens 2 to change optical characteristics to the objective as to redirect light emitted into the edge of field lens 2 by means of scatter or to emit light within field lens 2 along optical axis BB and thus impinge upon particle detector 5. This arrangement has the advantage of the light scattered or emitted is unimpeded and not transmitted through the suspension media and is unaffected by biological films or depositions of materials that come in contact with the suspension media, thus a more stable and reproducible calibration or verification source is result.
Alternately light may be introduced along optical axis BB through a central uncoated portion or aperture 58 in the optical coating of the convex surface of meniscus lens 1 as shown in
Another means to introduce light along the optical axis BB for the purpose of calibration or verification of operational readiness is disclosed for the present invention without the need for a second light source is shown in
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1968
|Oct 12, 1971
|American Standard Inc
|Suspended particle concentration determination using polarized light
|Aug 19, 1974
|Feb 28, 1978
|Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V.
|Apparatus for investigating fast chemical reactions by optical detection
|Sep 25, 1986
|Apr 12, 1988
|Vg Instruments Group Limited
|Apparatus for detecting fibrous particle sizes by detecting scattered light at different angles
|Apr 5, 1988
|Aug 8, 1989
|Aerometrics, Inc.
|Method and apparatus to determine the size and velocity of particles using light scatter detection from confocal beams
|Oct 17, 1988
|Jun 5, 1990
|Daimler-Benz Ag
|Device for visibility measurement for a motor vehicle
|May 12, 1989
|Jul 17, 1990
|Pacific Scientific Company
|Integrating sphere aerosol particle detector
|Sep 8, 1994
|Apr 9, 1996
|Hach Company
|Nephelometer instrument
|Feb 6, 1996
|Feb 18, 1997
|Hach Company
|Nephelometer instrument
|Mar 24, 1997
|Feb 16, 1999
|Hach Company
|Turbidimeter with non-imaging optical concentrator
|May 23, 1997
|Apr 20, 1999
|Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence
|Fluorescent biological particle detection system
|Dec 2, 1999
|Aug 15, 2000
|Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc.
|Container finish check detection
|Aug 11, 1999
|Jul 2, 2002
|Union Biometrica Technology Holdings, Inc.
|Binding assays using optical resonance of colloidal particles
|Nov 19, 2001
|Feb 11, 2003
|Point Source Technologies, Llc
|Identification of particles in fluid
|Apr 4, 2003
|Aug 31, 2004
|Pacific Scientific Instruments Company
|Particle detection system implemented with a mirrored optical system
|Mar 20, 2003
|Jun 6, 2006
|Institute Of Critical Care Medicine
|Particulate info to field units
|Apr 23, 2005
|Feb 27, 2007
|Komag, Inc.
|Test head for optically inspecting workpieces
|Oct 21, 2002
|Jun 26, 2003
|Varouj Amirkhanian
|Multi-color multiplexed analysis in a bio-separation system
|Nov 21, 2002
|Jul 10, 2003
|Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V.
|Method and device for suppressing multiple scattering when examining turbid media by means of three-dimensional cross-correlation technique
|Feb 14, 2003
|Aug 19, 2004
|Saccomanno Robert J.
|Particle detection system and method
|Mar 15, 2003
|Aug 11, 2005
|Kidde Ip Holdings Limited
|Smoke detector
|Apr 8, 2005
|Oct 13, 2005
|Nihon Kohden Corporation
|Flow cytometer
|Oct 28, 1980
|Jun 3, 1981
|Ortho Diagnostic Systems Inc.
|Automated method for cell volume determination
|Oct 12, 2001
|Dec 19, 2002
|Amnis Corporation
|Imaging and analyzing parameters of small moving objects such as cells
|U.S. Classification
|356/338, 356/337
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 11, 2006
Owner name: HACH COMPANY, COLORADO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PALUMBO, PERRY A;REEL/FRAME:018613/0397
Effective date: 20061206
|Dec 13, 2006
Owner name: HACH COMPANY, COLORADO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HACH COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:018625/0164
Effective date: 20061206
|Nov 5, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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Left Navigation follows. Skip navigation to main content.
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Your selections: ( 19 total )
Product Type
Men's Boots & Shoes REVIEWS
Love these Ropers
Posted:April 21, 2016
Reviewer:Mr Jshill6 55 Male
These Justine Ropers are some of the most comfortable boots I have ever worn. Perfect fit, the color was spot on. The price point was also great. They shipped right from the Justin factory in TX. Only issue at this time, is the strong leather smell. Maybe this will go away with time.
Love my lace ups!!!
Posted:April 14, 2016
Reviewer:Ms hpdiaz 45 Female
I have owned Justin Lace up Ropers for years (more than I care to mention). My last pair I had for several years, I had the sole replaced on them 3-4 times because if you have ever worn these boots you know once they are broke in they are the most comfortable pair of boots you will wear and I didn't want to break in a new pair. The last time I had them resoled I was told that I would not be able to do this again that I would have to get another pair, which I immediately ordered and I am now in the process of wearing them everyday and breaking them in so they are as comfortable as my old one. Great product, they will last you forever and you will love them.
Excellent boots!
Posted:March 31, 2016
Reviewer:Mr Shyrtz 45 Male
Comfortable and sharp looking out of the box. Big bonus on being made in the USA. I would definitely buy them again.
Excellent quality!
Posted:March 30, 2016
Reviewer:Mr Chip chop 55 Male
I purchased theses boots for my husband and he says they fit perfectly and are as comfortable as slippers. They fit like a glove. This is a very good quality leather boot and he is completely satisfied with them. He loves to show them off.
justin boots
Posted:February 25, 2016
Reviewer:Mr wbumbleb 45 Male
have only worn them twice but they are very comfortable
ustin boots
Posted:February 25, 2016
Reviewer:Mr bad boy Over 65 Male
Its hard for me to find boots to fit ,these were fine I just had to buy good boot insoles. I would recommend these boots
My Roper
Posted:February 25, 2016
Reviewer:Mr RickD799 55 Male
The boots are classy...comfortable...traditional!!!
Great price.
Posted:February 24, 2016
Reviewer:Mr Motorcycle 45 Male
They are the style I was looking for. Wish they fit a little tighter. Needed size 7.5 but no smaller than 8D. Again thanks.
Posted:January 21, 2016
Reviewer:Mr Dadicus7d 55 Male
I was quite reluctant to purchase any footwear online. These Durango Harness boots fit perfectly. They broke in quickly and seem to be wearing very well. I have received several unsolicited compliments on their looks. I wear them nearly every where, including the office. Yes they are great looking with both jeans and dress pants. I would recommend these boots but I don't want everyone else to have the same look as me! They stand out in a good way. I am glad I bought these.
Double have boots
Posted:December 31, 2015
Reviewer:dwayne3665 45
I got the boots as a Christmas present to myself and the size is right on and they are very comfortable I would recommend to a friend.i purchased a few items and I will be buying more.
Chippewa Biker Boots
Posted:December 28, 2015
Reviewer:Mr Gun Leather Over 65 Male
My new boots look and feel great. I also think that I got a very good price. The website was customer friendly. The boots arrived promptly.
chippewa 9" arctic bay apache
Posted:September 17, 2015
Reviewer:Mr hucklebuck 55 Male
Purchased a couple weeks ago and even though it is still in the 90s here in ga,i just could not stand it had to wear them.i have owned many chippewa boots and never get over how they make my feet feel.The last pair of these lasted almost 20yrs,but i only wore them in winter.My opinion is "CHIPPEWA BOOTS ARE BY FAR THE BEST"!!!!! I can't say i have ever owned a bad pair of chippewa.
Posted:September 14, 2015
Ordered these last month ahead of a scheduled one week motorcycle trip. As with all new boots, there was some difficulty getting them on the first few times, but rapidly learned that by pulling the front the back slipped in easily! One day ride to test the break in, and was amazed how quickly they molded to my feet. Just returned from my 7 day, 1900 mile bike trip, and wore these boots every day in absolute comfort!!
Chippewa quality
Posted:September 03, 2015
Reviewer:Mr NGB295 45 Male
Made in America and high quality without a crazy high price make these boots a great value. They look great and garner compliments from strangers. They serve the purpose as motorcycle boots, very well.
excellent customer service
Posted:August 06, 2015
Reviewer:Mr halfred 55 Male
Although I ordered my usual shoe size the particular boots I ordered ran big so I had to return them. I mistakenly used the label already affixed to the box which may have sent it back to the manufacturer instead of the store. Whatever the case, the two agents I spoke with were extremely helpful. They helped resolve the problem and my account was credited in a timely matter. I usually don't write reviews, but the customer service was was outstanding.
Great Comfort
Posted:July 04, 2015
Reviewer:Ms stantom 55 Female
These are one of the most comfortable boots I have gotten to ride in. Great protection, fit, style and wear.
Great boots
Posted:June 25, 2015
Reviewer:Mr Clivusb 55 Male
I bought these boots a few weeks ago. They arrived in UK just two and a half days after purchase. Excellent comfortable fit.
Great Boots!!!
Posted:June 24, 2015
Reviewer:Mr Beachblade1 45 Male
Bought this boots for riding and everyday wear. Can't say one bad word about the quality or fit. Took about a day or so for them to break in.
Posted:June 04, 2015
Reviewer:Ms Salapey 55 Female
I purchased these for a friend for his Christmas gift. After searching both locally and on the Internet, wow. Found them.
good quality
Posted:February 05, 2015
Reviewer:Mr Bobajob 45 Male
brought some boots 2 weeks ago and still breaking them in, on the whole good quality boots with no problems.
I will never buy another work shoe
Posted:February 05, 2015
Reviewer:Mr Ciderman 25 Male
I work in a cidery for 12 hours a day and stand on concrete. My feet were always in pain until I decided to invest in a pair of Sheplers. I will never buy another work shoe. These are the best.
Posted:January 22, 2015
Reviewer:Mr Pugie Over 65 Male
One of several purchases from Sheplers. Perfect transaction and exactly what I wanted.
Finally warmth
Posted:January 15, 2015
Reviewer:Mr Moroper 35 Male
Had a hard time finding a pair of boots that would keep my feet warm. I found them. These boots are very warm and comfortable.
Great Boots
Posted:January 01, 2015
Reviewer:Mr pip1298 Over 65 Male
I bought these for my grand son and he loves them he said he's only going to wear these boots from now on
great quality AMERICAN handcrafted boot
Posted:July 23, 2014
Reviewer:Mr RiderVTX 25 Male
i am very pleased with this boot. The appearance and quality workmanship is obvious to anyone that views them. I get compliments on these boots when I wear them.� They run on the larger side, I normally wear 10.5 and these would fit better as a 10. i plan on using these as my winter boots to wear with thicker socks.
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Men's Boots & Shoes
There are 19 products available.
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4.4 (125 Reviews)
Justin Classic Roper Cowboy Boots - Round Toe$174.94 Save $31.05Save 15%
4.6 (73 Reviews)
Justin Smooth Ostrich Roper Cowboy Boots$249.94 Save $45.05Save 15%
4.3 (28 Reviews)
Justin� Original Lacer Cowboy Boots - Round Toe$173.69 Save $31.30Save 15%
4.1 (9 Reviews)
Justin Classic Roper Boots - Round Toe$174.94 Save $31.05Save 15%
4.4 (60 Reviews)
Justin Black Classic Roper Boots - Round Toe$168.69 Save $30.30Save 15%
4.6 (14 Reviews)
Justin Uniform Western Boots - Round Toe$243.69 Save $43.30Save 15%
4.6 (27 Reviews)
Chippewa Motorcycle Boots$324.94 Save $58.05Save 15%
4.8 (5 Reviews)
Chippewa Oiled Engineer Motorcycle Boots - Round Toe$312.44 Save $55.55Save 15%
4.6 (69 Reviews)
Original Justin Roper Cowboy Boots - Round Toe$199.94 Save $36.05Save 15%
4.8 (19 Reviews)
Chippewa Bomber Motorcycle Boots$307.44 Save $54.55Save 15%
4.4 (41 Reviews)
Justin London Calfskin Cowboy Boots - Medium Toe$218.69 Save $39.30Save 15%
Chippewa 9" Arctic Waterproof Shearling Insulated Work Boots - Round Toe$382.44 Save $67.55Save 15%
Chippewa Black Leather Bomber Motorcycle Boots - Steel Toe$324.94 Save $58.05Save 15%
Chippewa Arctic Nubuck Insulated Waterproof 9" Lace-Up Work Boots$357.44 Save $63.55Save 15%
4.6 (8 Reviews)
Chippewa Motorcycle Boots - Steel Toe$349.94 Save $62.05Save 15%
Chippewa Engineer Boots - Steel Toe$324.94 Save $58.05Save 15%
Chippewa Insulated Waterproof Apache 9" Lace-Up Work Boots - Round Toe$349.94 Save $62.05Save 15%
5.0 (3 Reviews)
Chippewa Bay Apache Waterproof & Insulated 8" Lace-Up Work Boots - Steel Toe$319.94 Save $57.05Save 15%
Chippewa Engineer Harness Boots - Steel Toe$307.44 Save $54.55Save 15%
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yup... thats my situation right now. all the tools some of the parts to get my babies going but not the space...
Type: Posts; User: eavalos15
yup... thats my situation right now. all the tools some of the parts to get my babies going but not the space...
hey there is there I have a corrado too and Im looking for individuals that I can work on cars with. Moved to Eugene around a year ago and till now im searching for pals.
did you ever found the space? I cannot offer anything but I have two cars therefore i need a place too.
Like the title says Im in need of an uncut engine harness for a g60.
Hey im interested on the fuel rail package how much shipped to 90031?
I'm looking for a right side rear view mirror. How much?
bump anyone??:(
Just like the title says a Corrado G60 engine. Good condition low mileage and no roll over car.
passat 16v ecu PM me your paypal
Thanks! really helpful :beer:
hey im doing this convesion into my mk2 golf and i see that you got the corrado front motor mount. Do you really need it for this conversion or is just and upgrade? thanks :beer:
like it says want to buy pedal cluster with the clutch master cylinder bracket and Shifting cables with box.
how much for the shiftercables and box too?
Ok send me a pm with your PayPal
hydro mount with tranny backet?
how much for both brackets?
as the title states. Looking for a vr6 hood in socal.
As the title says windshield and VR6 hood is needed in socal. You might guess what happened...
how much for the dome light shipped to 90026?
your paypal for oxygen sensor?


text:
Item: 942276
- Description
- Reviews
- Help & Advice
- Buying Options
Halfords 12Volt Car VacuumThe Halfords 12Volt Car Vacuum plugs straight into your cigarette lighter socket for you to clean up the mess left in your car.
Halfords 12Volt Car Vacuum Extra Info
- Wet & dry cleaning.
- Re-usable filter means no bags are required.
- Includes all the accessories needed for an immediate start.
- Accessories included are: crevice tool, carpet brush & squeegee.
Rated 2.9 out of 5 by 21 reviewers.Rated 5 out of 5 by cat7q nice and compact Been using it with its 12v in my caravan and find it excellent for getting in those tiny corners and on sunken shelves that nothing else works in 18 May 2016Rated 5 out of 5 by MidlandsDriver Engine running does seem to make a difference I'd echo what others have said -- with the engine running this has enough power to do a decent job. Can be a bit awkward to clean like most car vacs. 02 May 2016Rated 4 out of 5 by Tim101 Overall a decent cleaner At less than a tenner it is good value. Construction is superior to similarly priced supermarket products. Suction is pretty good and lifts dirt from carpets relatively quickly. The crevice tool is too short to get to the carpet at the side of the seats. Surprisingly, when fitted, the tools have a gap between them and the cleaners main housing so some suction is 'lost'. Overall, it does a good job when cleaning foot wells. I suspect that the ability to suck up liquids will never be used and if it was the liquid storage capacity is minute. I recommend it for basic carpet cleaning. 01 May 2016Rated 1 out of 5 by Richard87 Very low suction power Very low suction power/performance. Waste of money. 27 February 2016Rated 3 out of 5 by Verified Reviewer Second one excellent I received my first one through the post and found a slight crack in the plastic near the button on the front. took it back to local store and replace a replacement straight away. My Dad who the present was for and since used it and found it excellent to clean the car. You need to turn the engine on to use the vac/ 10 September 2015Rated 1 out of 5 by JoeyJoe39 Very low suction. Not worth it. Prefer a brush and pan over this as it does not have enough suction. 05 May 2015Rated 1 out of 5 by Lottydot Rubbish, wish I had reciept Got for a Christmas present and had ago in my new car which wasn't really dirty, no suction even with engine running , tools are too short to get in smAll spaces. One of my worst ever Christmas presents, do not buy for yourself and certainly not for a present! 21 March 2015Rated 4 out of 5 by Quills1969 Does the job Recently purchased this Vac from Halfords. Lightweight and easy to use. Certainly does the job. Good value for a car Hoover :-) 12 February 2015
You can buy this product from one of our carefully selected Approved Partners. The full list of options available are below. Simply add your chosen option to your basket and proceed to checkout when you're ready.
You can purchase products supplied by Halfords and selected other suppliers on halfords.com.
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Top 20 Laptops in 2013
Budget laptops are great if you are sure of what you need. You see if you do not need to do any work that requires a lot of graphic then you do not need to buy an expensive one an if your task is only word processing then a simple notebook will do. This article discusses the best laptops to be released or already launched in the ear 2013 under various categories.
Best budget laptops
The Samsung Series 3 Chromebook on first glance looks like an Apple. This laptop has great looks and performance rolled into one. The only drawback may be the screen which is 11.6 inches and the display is 1366 x 768 TN. The Acer Aspire V5 is also available in 11.6 inch screen although larger versions are also available. However this Acer has a touch screen which the chromebook does not. The screen of the Asus VivoBook S200 is also somewhat dim but this is the touch type and there is nothing to complain in the response.
The HP Pavilion G6 Series is also a great performer and all these laptops are really lightweight but deliver much more than their weight. The lightweight gives them a high portability feature that most of us wishes for. The Dell Inspiron 15R runs on a 3rd Gen processor and is an impressive notebook because of its design and performance. The screen size is 15.6 inches and you have an interesting option of 6 colors in it.
Best laptop-tablet hybrids
The Sony Vaio Duo 11 looks stunning and is quickly transformed from a tablet to an ultrabook when you need. Sony has always been at the front of innovation so it is not surprising that the design had to come from this company. Although the sliding is easy on this model the Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga does not use any sliding mechanism. It simply uses hinges that are quite flexible and the screen can be rotated an entire 360 degrees.
The Acer Iconia W5 on the other hand although similar in this design can rotate the screen only up to 295 degrees which is sufficient for watching movies etc. All these three models have excellent battery life. The display size of the Acer model is 10.1, that of the Lenovo model is 13.3 and Sony has a display of 11.6 inches.
High Performance Laptops
High performance laptops are priced on the steeper side; however there are a few others which can found in the medium price bracket too.
The Apple MacBook Pro with Retina display takes the notebook to higher levels. Not only is this notebook ultra thin but very lightweight too. The display resolution is 2560×1600 on the 13 inch screen and on the 15 inch screen the resolution stands 2880 x 1800. This Mac book model has 2 to 3 million more pixels than HDTV. Hence when you read e-mails or any other text it feels as if you are reading printed material. The glare is also minimal because of the retina display and the viewing angle due to the IPS technology is excellent.
The Sony Vaio S Series also delivers a power packed performance but disappoints in the looks. It is thin and lightweight but simple looking. The pricing is not very expensive; however, it is not cheap either. This mid priced laptop is capable of some gaming tasks also but will not be able to handle those games which are very heavy on graphics.
The Dell XPS 15 is a great laptop for gaming and all other multimedia tasking but it is a little heavy for carrying it on the go. The simple and solid construction gives it a pricey look but it is a medium priced computer.
The Toshiba Satellite P855-32G is an update on its home laptop P850. It has a 15.6 inch screen with a 3rd generation Intel duo core processor. The clock speed of this model is good. There is an Nvidia graphics card that will take care of your gaming needs too.
The Asus N56V also come with the 3rd Generation processor and has a very fast response speed with great HD playback and other capabilities like photo editing etc. This laptop is sleek and stylish and has a quad core that runs at a speed of 2.6 GHz. You can also take it to 3.4 GHz by implementing the Turbo Boost technology from Intel.
Best ultrabooks
The first thing that will catch your eye when you look at the Lenovo IdeaPad U410 is its stunning color and of course the design. The performance is smooth too. The smile shaped keys are an interesting feature. It has optical drives due to which it becomes a little bulky at 4.2 pounds. Overall it is a stylish laptop with great performance.
The Toshiba Satellite Z930 on the other hand is great for portability. As it does not have optical drives, it is lightweight. The Z930 is an improvement on the Z830. Everything is a little more in this than its predecessor. If the Z830 had a 4GB RAM then the Z930 has a 6GB RAM.
The MacBook Air 2012 is an upgraded version in terms of performance but the design is unchanged. It has the same slimness that was unveiled for the first time in 2010.
The Gigabyte U2442 Ultrabook from the company that was known to manufacture components arrives with a lot of RAM, discrete graphics and a good resolution to boast. It also comes with a surprising 2 year warranty. It is taking courageous steps in competing with the best in the market.
The Acer Aspire S5 is perhaps the thinnest ultrabook as it is slimmer and lighter than the MacBook Air. This a steeply priced laptop and out of reach of many but it is a fun computer and the temptation to buy it becomes irresistible.
Best gaming laptops
The Alienware M17x 2012 is the fourth launch of the series. Hence it becomes imperative for any manufacturer to come up with something to justify the new launch. In the case of Alienware the main difference is the 3rd generation processor (Intel Ivy Bridge). Moreover, the latest and the most powerful GPU from Nvidia is also a key feature of this new version. This sounds like the ideal gaming computer but then good things do not come cheap especially in the world of gaming laptops.
The Samsung Series 7 Gamer looks more like a smaller desktop replacement because of its bulk. However it does provide portability. The screen is 17 inches and the weight is an astounding 9 pounds. This is truly packed with power for the maximum gaming experience. An interesting feature is the lit keyboard. The very noticeable dialer on the right top lets you move between the laptops 4 modes namely; gaming, library, balanced and green mode. The processor is Intel Core i7-3610QM. The speed of the processor is 2.3 GHz. The NVIDIA GeForce Graphics card along with w/6B L3 cache and the 1920 x 1080 resolution on the big screen is a gamer's dream machine.
The Sony VPC-F21Z1E/B1 is also a mean machine as far as gaming is concerned and has a lot of interesting 3D features. However you will have to be prepared to face a significant amount of dent in your wallet. If you are a serious gamer; it will be worth it.
The new Razer Blade comes at a high price but it is a few hundred dollars cheaper than its predecessor. It has all the powerful features required of a gaming laptop. This is one machine that values design and looks. In fact the high price of this laptop has more to do with its looks than its features. If you value great looks then go ahead and buy this beautiful laptop.
The most interesting feature of the Acer Aspire Ethos 8951G comes with a detachable touchpad for maximum comfort in PC gaming.


text:
Hotels near Freising Cathedral
Search hotels near Freising Cathedral in Freising
Trending now in Freising
Hotels within 0.5 miles of Freising Cathedral
- Most bookedMunich Airport Marriott Hotel
289 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Have stayed there 3 times. Staff were extremely nice. I speak very little German but they were very accommodating. Not a single rude person there. Loden and Stubn are both nice places to eat. Gym had nice equipment, particularly for cardio workouts. Hotel is a 20 min. cab ride to airport. ..."
A Traveller, Apr 2016, US
138 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"2nights on business, friendly and professional staff, hotel comfortable and close to town centre."
A Traveller, Sep 2015, GB
67 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"I loved the proximity of this hotel to the airport and to the downtown area. The walk up the hill to the oldest brewery in the world was a treat as well. I would definitely stay here again."
A Traveller, May 2016, US
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Great staff, very Friendly and helpful. Hotel was clean and very cozy. Neighborhood was very pleasant and relaxing. Overall, a wonderful experience"
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
Hotels within 1 mile of Freising Cathedral
20 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This is a great value for the price. Easy to access from main train station n to get to airport. Very nice local Italian restaurant a block away. The breakfast is extra n we had to leave early, so did not experience that. But the breakfast room looked so nice. Beds very comfortable and the room w..."
A Traveller, Sep 2015, US
Hotels within 2 miles of Freising Cathedral
18 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Room was small but clean and comfortable.great for one night stay,close to airport 7 miles 20 minuets. Don't miss eating at brewery restaurant 10 minute walk great atmosphere try chestnut soup with cherry brandy,also a trip into town to visit the Dom"
A Traveller, Dec 2015, US
Hotels within 4 miles of Freising Cathedral
328 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This was a fine hotel. We stayed here for 1 night as something of an extended layover at the Munich airport. the main issue I had was that this is the "airport Novotel" and so I assumed it was actually at the airport, or that the hotel provided a free shuttle service. The hotel is a 10 minute cit..."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
248 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"i have stayed at the Hilton Munich airport hotel twice and would highly recommend it to anyone thinking of staying there. Not only is the hotel well presented with clean comfortable rooms, but the staff are fantastic. Smiling, friendly helpful and so welcoming. I cannot wait to stay there again"
A Traveller, Jun 2016, GB
Hotels within 5 miles of Freising Cathedral
11 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
- ibis Muenchen Airport SuedNo Guest Reviews yet
10 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Hotels in Freising near Freising Cathedral
Are you looking for a cheap Freising Cathedral hotel, a 5 star Freising Cathedral hotel or a family friendly Freising Cathedral hotel? You just landed in the best site to find the best deals and offers on the most amazing accommodations for your stay.
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Kim Coates (born February 21, 1958) is a Canadian actor who has worked in both Canadian and American films and television series. He has worked on Broadway portraying Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire and in the lead role of Macbeth perfor...med at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival. He also starred as Tig Trager in the FX series Sons of Anarchy.
Connect any celebrity with Kim Coates to see how closely they are linked... romantically!
In SOA, Kim created one of the most layered and complex characters ever seen on tv.
They need to change this photo of him. He looks freaky.


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ATLANTIC CITY, N.J. - The Coast Guard assisted 3 people aboard a 68-foot fishing boat 90 miles off the coast of Atlantic City, N.J., Saturday.
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Wakeboards - With wakeboards for everyone from beginners to advanced, Overton's offers the best wakeboards, wakeboard packages, wakeboard boots, and wakeboard bindings from top brands like Liquid Force wakeboards, CWB wakeboards, O'Brien wakeboards, Ronix wakeboards, Hyperlite wakeboards, and Gladiator wakeboards. We have wakeboards for those new to wakeboarding and boots and bindings that let everyone on-board take a turn wakeboarding.
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Here is our suggested route for a train journey between Holborn and Finsbury Park station:
Journey: Holborn → Russell Square → Kings Cross St. Pancras → Caledonian Road → Holloway Road → Arsenal → Finsbury Park
Estimated time: 13 mins
Fare zones: 1, 2 (what is the train fare?)
Return journey: Finsbury Park to Holborn station
Remember to check if your journey will be affected by train strikes or engineering works
Note: Closures, cancellations or delays might affect your journey and you should allow for extra time on top
London: A Visitor's Guide
Have you seen our eBook? It has a beginner's guide to using London's buses, boats, taxis and trains, including all the fares
1,000+ pages filled with money-
saving tips, maps and reviews
For the fare between Holborn station and Finsbury Park, see zones 1 and 2 fares
Buy an Underground ticket Buy an Oyster Card (more info)
Buy a Visitor Oyster Card (info)
Buy a Travelcard (more info)
Buy a Travelcard + London Pass
Contactless payment cardsBuy a National Rail ticketBuy from Trainline
Buy from Raileasy
Car parks: Parking near Holborn train station
Minicabs: Taxi cab firms near Holborn station
Alternative train stations nearby:
Chancery Lane to Finsbury Park, Tottenham Court Road to Finsbury Park or Russell Square to Finsbury Park
Alternative train stations nearby:
Holborn to Arsenal, Holborn to Holloway Road or Holborn to Archway


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Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri / Moderators
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"Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri" by Lake of the Ozarks CVB has 4 members and 1 moderator.
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LaMunyon Family History & Genealogy
Find LaMunyon recordsSearch for LaMunyon records
LaMunyon Last Name History & Origin
Most branches of the LaMunyon family are of French origins. The surname LaMunyon, according to one family researcher, is derived from the old French-Norman word "moignon" which means "the stump of an amputated limb." The LaMunyon family is an old heredity that has migrated all across the world over the centuries, and as the name LaMunyon has spread, it has evolved making it's etymology challenging to unearth. This page is the home for the complete history of the LaMunyon family name, LaMunyon etymology, and stories of people with the LaMunyon name. LaMunyon family history has a complex evolution of which the particulars have been accumulated over the years by LaMunyon family researchers.
Name Origin
The surname "LaMunyon" was derived from the old Norman-French word, "moignon", meaning "the stump of an amputated limb".
Nationality & Ethnicity
LaMunyon is French in origin, and has taken on many different spellings over the years; De lamoignon, Lamoignon, Lamunyon, Lemunyon, Aomunion, Munion, Munyon etc. - all are related.
Descendants of Edward Munyon of Salem, Mass. as well as descendants of Thomas Munyon of Dartmouth, Mass. claim their ancestors came from the Isle of Jersey, and were French Huguenots escaping religious persecution. Father Michael LeMoignan wrote, in 1972, "Genealogie des Familles LeMoignan", a French family that was in the Isle of Jersey as early as the 1300's. [external link] Most branches of the LaMunyon family are French.
Early LaMunyons
These are the earliest records we have of the LaMunyon family.
LaMunyon Biographies & Family Trees
Find birth, death records, and obituaries of LaMunyons on AncientFaces:
Most Common First Names
- John 3.1%
- James 2.7%
- Mary 1.8%
- Lydia 1.8%
- Clarence 1.8%
- William 1.8%
- Martha 1.3%
- Edith 1.3%
- George 1.3%
- Robert 1.3%
Sample of 172 LaMunyons bios
LaMunyon Death Records & Life Expectancy
According to our database of 136 people with the last name LaMunyon that have a birth and death date listed:
Life Expectancy
Oldest LaMunyons
These are the longest-lived members of the LaMunyon family on AncientFaces.
- Elmer Lamunyon lived 99 years
- Carrie Lamunyon lived 98 years
- Elna Lamunyon lived 98 years
- Fern E Lamunyon lived 97 years
- Martha J Lamunyon lived 96 years
- Helen Lamunyon lived 97 years
- Theodore Lamunyon lived 95 years
- Elwood Lamunyon lived 94 years
- Henrietta Lamunyon lived 90 years
- Darrell Kemper Lamunyon lived 90 years
Other LaMunyon Records
Find LaMunyon recordsSearch for LaMunyon records
Leave a message to start a discussion about the LaMunyon family with other AncientFaces Members.


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Software Engineering FoundationsCRC Press 2007; US$ 172.95
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Software Engineering: Evolution and Emerging TechnologiesIOS Press 2005; US$ 151.00
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Fuck your Honda, fuck your Subaru, let's you and me get out of here.
"O Come O Come Emmanuel" Bad Religion on Conan O'Brien
Bad Religion can basically do whatever they want. If this isn't punk rock enough for you, may I remind you this is Bad Religion doing a Christmas song.
Think about it.
Jason Kreis Explains Move to NYCFC
Jason Kreis has been one of my favorite post-match interviews for some time now. He's thoughtful, patient, actually tries to answer questions without using cliches or coachisms. You have to admire what he's been able to accomplish with Real Salt Lake. Salt Lake City has never had a championship team in professional sports. College basketball and the Utah Jazz have had championship caliber teams, but only Jason Kreis has lifted a banner and a trophy for a team in Utah.
This move has been coming for a long time. Worst kept secret in MLS in 2013 was that Jason Kreis was being recruited by NYCFC. It is surprising that the team held together with that rumor being bandied about. I think it is a credit to the strength in the organization that key pieces can be replaced with new ones and the team still performs.
Best of luck in New York Jason Kreis.


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Please make plans to join us at our next MCMBA Chapter meeting on Monday, December 9 at 7pm. We'll be discussing events and plans for the upcoming 2014 season.
Ashley's Westland
7525 Wayne Rd
Westland, Michigan 48185
Michigan Mountain Biking Association
Users browsing this forum: Google Adsense [Bot] and 1 guest


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Civic band playing Wednesday at park
June 30, 2016 GLOVERSVILLE — The Gloversville Civic Band will present the first summer band concert at 7 p.m. Wednesday in Melchoir Park. The rain site is Lexington Campus gymnasium, 127 E. State St. more »»
Transit system closed Monday
June 30, 2016 GLOVERSVILLE — The Gloversville Transit System will be closed Monday for the Independence Day holiday. The regular schedule will resume Tuesday, a news release said. more »»
Town of Johnstown plans meetings
June 30, 2016 JOHNSTOWN — The following meetings will take place next month at Town Hall. - At 6 p.m. July 7, zoning. - At 6 p.m. July 12, planning. - At 6:30 p.m. July 18, board. - At 5:30 p.m. July 25, workshop. more »»
Speaker scheduled at church Sunday
June 30, 2016 MAYFIELD — Jonathan Marshall will be speaking at 11 a.m. Sunday at the Mayfield Center Community Church, Red Bunch Loop Road. Anyone can attend, a news release said. more »»
Gloversville grad on dean's list
June 30, 2016 CORTLAND — Dillon Chichester of Gloversville was named to the dean's list for the spring semester at the State University of New York at Cortland. more »»
Perth clerk's office closed Saturday
June 30, 2016 PERTH — The town clerk's office will be closed Saturday. The regular hours will resume at 9 a.m. Tuesday. more »»
Pop-up card to be part of chalk event
June 30, 2016 GLOVERSVILLE — On July 8, Mrs. B's Petite Galerie & Studio, 26 N. Main St. more »»
June 30, 2016 The deadline for submission of Consolidated Funding Applications to the state for grant money was incorrectly reported in Wednesday's edition. The correct date is July 29. more »»
Broadalbin Library extends hours
June 30, 2016 BROADALBIN — For the summer, the Broadalbin Library/Wilkinson Memorial Book Station added two hours to its regular schedule on Wednesdays. The library will remain open from 4 to 8 p.m. more »»
Chamberlain named to FHU dean's list
June 30, 2016 Henderson, Tenn. — Freed Hardeman University has released the names of students who made the dean's list for spring 2016. more »»
Graduates earn literary awards
June 30, 2016 The Amsterdam-Gloversville-Johnstown branch of the American Association of University Women recently announced the winners of the 2016 AAUW Dorothy Wemple Literary Award. more »»
Lecture on Mary Todd Lincoln set
June 30, 2016 JOHNSTOWN — At the Johnstown Public Library July 21 at 6:30 p.m., there will be an illustrated lecture on Mary Todd Lincoln, a news release said. more »»
Feast Day events scheduled for July
June 30, 2016 FONDA — A celebration of the feast day of Saint Kateri Tekakwitha will be held at the National Shrine of Saint Kateri Tekakwitha on July 14, 16 and 17. St. more »»
French foreign film set to be shown
June 30, 2016 JOHNSTOWN — A foreign film from France will be shown at the Johnstown Public Library July 19 at 4 p.m. Free and open to all, a news release said. Call the library at 762-8317 for more information. more »»
Galway library sets coloring session
June 30, 2016 GALWAY — The Galway Public Library, 5264 Sacandaga Road, will host a Relax with Coloring session on July 9 at 11 a.m. more »»
Letterboxing night planned at library
June 30, 2016 JOHNSTOWN — There will be a letterboxing family fun night at the Johnstown Public Library Thursday from 6:30 to 7:30 p.m. more »»
Galway Lioness to hold meeting
June 30, 2016 GALWAY — The Galway Lioness Club Of Lions District 20-Y2 will hold their monthly lioness board meeting on Wednesday at the Galway Lions Club building located on East Street. more »»
Pops-style strings concert planned
June 30, 2016 JOHNSTOWN — Serenading Strings in the Park is a free pops-style strings concert featuring violinist Leo Milman. The program will be held in the Johnstown Main Street park band shell July 14 at 7 p. more »»
Route 30A detour planned for July 13
June 30, 2016 FONDA — On July 13, rain date of July 14, multiple municipal agencies will be performing repairs on Route 30A (Broadway) that will require a detour to southbound traffic only, a news release said. more »»
Library set to show foreign film
June 30, 2016 JOHNSTOWN — At the Johnstown Public Library Aug. 16 at 4 p.m. there will be a foreign film showing, a news release said. The August film being shown is a production from Ireland, the release sai. more »»
News, Blogs & Events Web


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© 2016 Backstage. All rights reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | About Us | The Team | Partners | RSS | Contact Us | Newsletter | Affiliate Program | Careers | Help | Advertising Information | Sitemap
Dance AuditionsFilter by popular locations:
Dance auditions are posted to Backstage.com daily and include a variety of projects for dancers and choreographers.
You can further refine your search by using the filters on the right side of the page, and save your search to have new casting notices sent directly to your inbox.
Posted: 19 hours ago
DANCE Spectacular Productions, Trained Dancers
- Full-time & part-time positions available. Rehearses in Carol Stream, IL. Isolated bookings throughout the year. Talent may be contracted for a select few performances or all performances based on full- or part-time status.
- Seeking submissions from: Chicago, IL
Seeking trained female dancers for local & national tours with DANCE Spectacular Productions in 2016/2017. Casting director states: "This is a fun, energetic show. Dancers must have excellent stage presence and personality."
Posted: 19 hours ago
'Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood,' Nonunion Nat'l Tour
- Rehearses Aug. 29-Sept. 11; tech runs Sept. 26-Oct. 2; runs Oct. 2-Nov. 21, 2016 and Jan. 7-Apr. 15, 2017 in various cities on national tour (dates are subject to change slightly).
- Auditions: Aug 11, in New York, NY
Casting singers/dancers for a North American nonunion tour of "Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood."
Posted: 23 hours ago
Dublin Worldwide Productions, Singers & Dancers
- Schedule and location depend on booked production. Tours and shows perform at casinos and theaters worldwide in locations including Las Vegas and Reno, NV; Myrtle Beach, SC; Europe; Asia; and Canada.
- Auditions: Aug 10, 11, in New York, NY
Auditioning male and female singers and dancers for Dublin Worldwide Productions world-renowned shows, including multiple tours of "Broadway Christmas Wonderland," three national tours, The Orb Theater Japan, Las Vegas, Reno, Myrtle Beach, Europe, Asia, and Canada.
Posted: yesterday
'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'
- Workshop 1 dates: Aug. 4 (4-6 p.m.) & Aug. 11 (6:30-9 p.m.); workshop 2 dates: Aug. 16 (8-10 p.m.) & Aug. 18 (6:30-9 p.m.); workshop 3 dates: Aug. 20 (10 a.m.-12 p.m.) & Aug. 25 (6:30-9 p.m.) in NYC.
- Auditions: Aug 1 in New York, NY
Seeking highly-versatile actors, dancers, and musicians for a series of developmental workshops for an immersive dance theater production of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland." Actors must be available for audition date and at least one two-part workshop (dates listed below).
Posted: Tuesday
- Rehearses early August; shoots Aug. 20 or 21 in NYC.
- Seeking submissions from: Los Angeles, CA
Casting dancers/choreographers for a student music video, "Pandora," in which a boy and a girl meet for the first time and explore sexuality together.
Posted: Tuesday
- Rehearsals begin Aug. 22; performs Sept. 9 at Foxwoods Resort & Casino in Connecticut. Company states: "Almost Angels perform primarily for the casino and corporate markets across the country. The show is booked every weekend (Fri. & Sat.) through the end of the year with a few weekends off. Additional corporate & concert dates can be added to the performance schedule."
- Auditions: Aug 8 in New York, NY
Seeking attractive female Dancer/Singers for Almost Angels, a choreographed female vocal group in the style of Fifth Harmony and other contemporary female choreographed vocal groups. All ethnicities, 21 to 29, 5'4" or taller, must be strong in hip-hop and street jazz.
Posted: Monday
- Shoots Aug. 20-21 in L.A.
- Seeking submissions from: Pasadena, CA; Los Angeles, CA
Casting "Forget Me Not," a short film. Producer states: "This film critiques love in the modern day, where hook-up culture, Tinder, and physical attraction hold more importance. This film will be pitched to the partners at my production company. It will be highly visual and contain a montage of clips ...
Posted: Monday
- Rehearses/shoots Aug. 2, 10 a.m.-10 p.m. at Heat Ulta Lounge Anaheim, CA.
- Seeking submissions from: Anaheim, CA; Los Angeles, CA
Casting a hip-hop music video, "Confetti" for Los Angeles based artist Samiere. Atmosphere will be club scene with Hip Hop/EDM music. Location will be in Anaheim at Heat Ultra Lounge.
Posted: Monday
Attractive and Outgoing Party Motivators for High End Events
- Events are TBD in Tri-State Area.
- Auditions: Aug 11 in New York, NY
Seeking exceptionally good looking, striking, very outgoing, high energy, performers to act as interactive, motivational dancers at various high-end social and corporate events throughout the Tri-State Area. Company states: "Great pay, easy money, consistent work, lots of fun."
Posted: Monday
- One rehearsal late July/early August; runs Aug. 2, 6-10 p.m. at New York Live Arts Theater in Manhattan.
- Seeking submissions from: Chelsea, NY; New York, NY
Seeking a model for "The Body's Witness," a fine art video piece. Director states: "I am continuing a body of work that explores time and the fragility of the body and pulls from the imagery of video artist Bill Viola and the late German choreographer Pina Bausch. I will suspend ...
Posted: Monday
- Records ASAP in Orange, NJ (one train line direct from NY Penn Station).
- Seeking submissions from: Orange, NJ
Seeking female action performer for "Rogo's Rim." Creator states: "It is about to go through some changes as far as camera movement and lighting but on the next pass I want to incorporate original motion capture movements. Continuous recording of motion data will be a core procedure driving this project. ...
Posted: Saturday
- All group rehearsal/recording/live performance dates and locations TBD.
- Auditions: Aug 4, 5 in Orlando, FL
Seeking talented male singers to join new Pop/R&B music group. A&R Coordinator states: "From the iconic music brand that brought you many of the greatest hits by the Backstreet Boys, NSYNC (Justin Timberlake), Britney Spears, Celine Dion, Ace of Base, and others; come audition live for the chance to win ...


text: Sign inNot A Member? Join now! Find A Grave - Maplewood Cemetery ad feedback Browse by Cemetery: Maplewood Cemetery One record foundFilter by fame level: All Famous NamesSomewhat FamousVery FamousAttention:You are browsing our famous burial locations. If you arelooking for a non-famous grave, please start from our home page. Wardwell, Daniel b. May 28, 1791 d. March 27, 1878US Congressman. Elected to represent New York's 18th and 20th Districts in the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1831 to 1837. Also served as a Member of the New York State Legislature, and State Court Judge.Maplewood Cemetery, Mannsville, Jefferson County, New York, USA One record found ad feedback Privacy Statement and Terms of Service


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text:
Standard Article
Large Area Surface Energy Balance Estimation Using Satellite Imagery
Agricultural Water
Published Online: 15 JUL 2005
DOI: 10.1002/047147844X.aw159
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Book Title
Water Encyclopedia
Additional Information
How to Cite
Arasteh, P. D. 2005. Large Area Surface Energy Balance Estimation Using Satellite Imagery. Water Encyclopedia. 3:560–565.
Publication History
- Published Online: 15 JUL 2005
- Abstract
- Article
- Figures
- Tables
- References
All climatic and hydrologic phenomena in the atmosphere and on the earth's surface are affected by the energy balance at the surface. The energy balance is one of the main subjects in climatology, hydrology, civil and traffic engineering, biology, and health.
Photosynthesis and other metabolic processes in green plants, evaporation from free water and soil surfaces, and atmospheric and oceanic circulation are functions of the surface energy balance.
Due to the nonuniform properties of the earth's surface (albedo, heat capacity, soil cover, etc.), the Earth's surface, phenomena must be monitored on continuous and simultaneous spatial scales. Satellite imagery provides a large view of the earth's surface. Such a spatially continuous, but time discrete, data acquisition system provides a suitable framework for distributed modeling, provided that the phenomenon to be modeled has spectral behavior.
For energy balance processing, visible (VIS), near infrared (NIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) channels are used. Some primary surface parameters such as surface albedo, surface temperature, air temperature, surface roughness, land cover, and land use may be provided by remote sensing.
In this article, inferring energy balance components using remotely sensed data and some common methods in this respect are introduced. Then, the energy components of the Hamoon Wetlands are described as a case study, and some Internet sources of the satellite-based global energy budget are introduced.
- energy balance;
- satellite imagery;
- remote sensing;
- regional model;
- distributed model