text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 27, 2001
|Filing date
|Sep 29, 1997
|Priority date
|Sep 29, 1997
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Thelma E. Cole, Douglas Lewis Cowan, Bassel Hage Daoud, David Stevens Kerr, Theodore Edward Kluska, Ivan Pawlenko, Leonard Brian Roach, Anthony Robert Tancreto
|Original Assignee
|Avaya Technology Corp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (25), Classifications (10), Legal Events (17)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/939,330 of Jaime R. Arnett et al., entitled "Modular Network Interface Device," now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,078,661, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/939,748 of David S. Kerr et al., entitled "Network Interface Device with Automatic Connector Closure," now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,229,890, both filed concurrently herewith.
This invention relates generally to telecommunications equipment and more particularly to devices which are used to provide an interface between network lines of a service provider and customer premises equipment.
A network interface device (NID) installed at a home or business serves as an interface between a service provider network and the telephones, facsimile machines and other customer premises equipment within the home or business. The NID generally includes a customer-accessible bridge which connects the customer premises equipment to the network via the service provider communication lines. The NID also typically provides termination points for the communication lines from the customer and the service provider, as well as electrical protection in accordance with applicable code requirements.
In conventional NIDs, the discrete bridges, terminations, electrical protection units and other internal components are usually wired together manually by either the manufacturer or installer. This unduly increases the complexity and cost associated with manufacturing, installing, servicing and replacing the NID, while also significantly reducing its reliability. In addition, the conventional manually-wired NED is difficult to adapt to variations in customer line requirements. For example, it is a labor-intensive process to add or remove individual line interfaces from an existing conventional NID. As a result, it may be necessary to replace an otherwise workable NID simply because the customer requirements change. Furthermore, the conventional NID architecture is not readily adaptable for use in increasingly important applications such as fixed wireless installations, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and other types of broadband, high speed data access applications.
A need therefore exists for an improved NID which avoids the problems associated with conventional manually-wired NIDs and has a flexible architecture which can accommodate the line requirements of fixed wireless installations, high speed data and other important applications.
An improved NID in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a base, a cover attached to the base, and a circuit board secured within the base. The circuit board includes terminations for input and output communication lines. The terminations may be implemented as insulation displacement connecting devices, binding posts, screw terminals or other suitable connectors mounted on the circuit board. Each pair of input and output communication lines corresponds to a single standard telephone line, high speed data line or other type of line. A given input line supplied from a service provider network is connected to an input line termination on the circuit board, while the corresponding output line termination is connected to customer premises wiring. The circuit board also provides a subscriber bridge between a given set of input and output line terminations. The bridge may include a jack and a corresponding plug connected between the given input and output line terminations, such that inserting the plug in the jack establishes a connection between the input and output line terminations via traces in the circuit board. The bridge is accessible when the cover is in a closed position through an access door in the cover, such that the plug can be disconnected from the jack for testing the communication line. Other types of bridges may also be used, including self-disconnecting jacks. The incorporation of input and output line terminations and the bridge onto a single circuit board considerably simplifies manufacturing, installation and servicing of the NID, while increasing both reliability and flexibility.
In a NID configured for use in a fixed wireless installation, the circuit board may also include terminations for input and output power lines. Like the communication line terminations, the power line terminations may also be implemented using insulation displacement connecting devices, binding posts or other suitable connectors. An input power line from a power supply is connected to an input power line termination on the circuit board, and a connection is established through traces of the circuit board to the corresponding output power line termination. An output power line connected to this termination may be delivered to a remote unit of a wireless system. In accordance with the invention, the base and cover of the NID may be extended to define an additional compartment, adjacent the circuit board, for holding the power supply. The circuit board may further include power protection circuitry for protecting the input and output power lines. This a power protection circuitry can be connected between the input and output power line terminations via traces in the circuit board. Similar embodiments may be used in fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) applications as well as any other application which requires connections between a power line termination within the NID and a power line input of an external electronic unit. Other alternative embodiments may incorporate a power supply into the NID itself, such that connections between the power supply and power line terminations on the circuit board may be established through traces in the circuit board.
Another aspect of the invention relates to ensuring proper contacts at the internal terminations of the NID. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, an inner surface of the NID cover may include projections corresponding to the terminations, such that closing the cover automatically applies pressure to the terminations and ensures a reliable contact at each termination. Embodiments of the invention which utilize insulation displacement connecting devices or any other termination in which a contact with a wire is made by applying pressure to the termination may make use of this aspect of the invention.
A NID in accordance with the invention may also be configured such that the base accommodates a number of distinct modules, each including input and output terminations for a given communication line. Each of the modules may be implemented as a circuit board or in the form of a lead frame module, and each may support a different type of communication line. For example, a modular NID of this type may include a first module including input and output terminations, a subscriber bridge and power protection for a standard telephone line, and one or more additional modules containing similar components for high speed data lines as well as other types of lines. This modular arrangement makes it very easy to upgrade or otherwise alter the characteristics of the NID in accordance with changing customer requirements, without replacing or substantially rewiring the existing NID. One or more of the modules may include input and output power line terminations, as well as corresponding power protection circuitry, for use in fixed wireless, FTTH and other applications. Like the other embodiments of the invention, the modules of the modular NID may make use of insulation displacement connecting devices, binding posts or other suitable connectors.
The power protection circuitry of a NID configured for use in a fixed wireless or FTTH application may include a series circuit connected between a first power line and a second power line. The series circuit may be arranged as a series connection of a first fuse, a first varistor, a second varistor and a second fuse, with the interconnection of the first and second varistor in the series connection also connected to ground. This arrangement ensures that either or both of the varistors can be effectively disconnected in the event of overheating or other type of failure, without entirely disconnecting power to the remote unit of the fixed wireless system. As a result, emergency calls can be made even in the event of a varistor failure. The power line terminations may be mounted on a circuit board secured to the base of the NID, such that the power protection circuitry is connected between the input and output power line terminations via traces in the circuit board.
The invention eliminates many of the problems associated with conventional manually-wired NIDs, ensures more reliable connections, and provides sufficient implementation flexibility to accommodate fixed wireless, FTTH and a wide variety of other important applications. These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary network interface device (NID) in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the exemplary NID of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a view of the NID of FIG. 1 with the customer access door opened.
FIG. 4 is a view of the NID of FIG. 1 with the NID cover opened.
FIG. 5 shows an exemplary printed circuit board suitable for use in the NID of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 shows the response of an MOV element on the circuit board of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic of an improved electrical protection circuit for use in a NID in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the NID of FIG. 1 in which the NID base and cover are extended to accommodate an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of another exemplary NID in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 10 shows a portion of a NID configured to include a modular arrangement of circuit boards in accordance with the invention.
FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate an exemplary lead frame module for use in a modular NID in accordance with the invention.
FIGS. 12A-12D illustrate an aspect of the invention in which closing a NID cover automatically ensures proper closure and contact for internal connectors.
The present invention will be illustrated herein using exemplary network interface devices (NIDs) which support standard telephone lines. It should be understood, however, that the invention is suitable for use with a wide variety of other types of communication lines, including but not limited to twisted pairs, coaxial lines, broadband lines including optical fiber lines, Category 5 and other high speed data lines, interactive signal lines and power lines for fixed wireless installations, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and other applications. The term "communication line" as used herein should be understood to include a telephony line, a video line, a data line or any other type of signal line including an interactive signal line. In addition, although the circuit board terminations are illustrated herein primarily as insulation displacement connectors (IDCs) or binding posts, other suitable board terminations may be used, including screw terminals and other types of terminal blocks or splice connectors. The term "base" is used generally herein to describe the portion of a NID housing in which a circuit board, module or lead frame is mounted, while the term "cover" refers to the portion of the housing which serves to cover at least part of the base when the NID is closed. Although the exemplary NID embodiments described herein are configured such that the base may be mounted to a wall or other surface, other embodiments could be configured in which the cover is mounted to a surface and the base swings open to expose the internal NID components. The terms "base" and "cover" should therefore not be construed as requiring a particular mounting arrangement for the NID, or a particular relative size and shape of these elements.
FIG. 1 shows a NID 10 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention. The NID 10 includes a base 12 and a cover 14. The cover 14 is attached to the base 12 by hinges 16. A customer access door 18 is attached to the cover 14 by hinges 20. The NID 10 can be mounted on a wall or other suitable indoor or outdoor location at a home, business or other customer premises. The customer access door 18 is configured to provide customer access to, for example, internal RJ11 jacks or other similar customer-serviceable internal connections, as will be illustrated in conjunction with FIG. 3. The NID cover 14 is typically configured to be opened only by an installer or other technician, and therefore provides access to all internal connections and components, as will be illustrated in conjunction with FIG. 4.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view illustrating the internal components of the NID 10 of FIG. 1. The NID 10 includes a printed circuit board 22 which is mounted or otherwise secured into the base 12. The circuit board 22 includes a first RJ11 jack 24 with a corresponding plug 25, and a second RJ11 jack 26 with a corresponding plug 27. The jacks 24, 26 and plugs 25, 27 provide a subscriber bridge which is accessible to the customer through the customer access door 18. In the event of a communication line failure, the customer can be instructed by the service provider to disconnect one or both of the plugs 25, 27 from the jacks 24, 26 in order to isolate the failure to either the customer premises equipment or the service provider network. Alternative embodiments may implement the above-described bridge using a self-disconnecting RJ11 jack. This type of jack connects the customer and network lines using spring contacts. When the customer inserts a plug into the jack to test the network line, the spring is opened and disconnects the customer line while allowing the inserted plug to contact the network line. Other alternative bridge arrangements which permit disconnection of customer lines, so that network lines may be tested at the NID, may also be used.
The circuit board 22 also includes a set of input line connectors 28, a set of output line connectors 30 and a ground terminal 32. The sets of connectors 28, 30 are each configured in this embodiment to include two insulation displacement connectors (IDCs), one for a tip wire (T) and the other for a ring wire (R) of a single standard telephone line. The input IDC connectors 28 are connected to tip and ring wires from the service provider network, while the output IDC connectors 30 are connected to tip and ring wires of a customer premises telephone line. A connection of a given wire to an IDC connector involves inserting the wire into a wire entry opening in the IDC connector with an upper portion of the connector raised, and then depressing the upper portion. Depressing the upper portion causes the wire insulation to be displaced and securely connects the underlying conductor of the wire to an internal contact. The input and output IDC connectors may be of the type commercially available from AMP Inc. of Harrisburg, Pa. The use of IDCs simplifies installation and servicing of the NID 10 by eliminating the manual wire stripping and terminating operations typically required in conventional NIDs.
The exemplary NID 10, although suitable for use with standard telephony installations, may also be configured to operate with a "fixed" wireless installation. In a fixed wireless installation, the NID 10 interfaces between a remote unit of a wireless telephone system and the telephone lines of the customer premises. The remote unit, which is considered part of the service provider network, is installed in a fixed position at the customer premises and communicates over wireless signal channels with base stations of the wireless system. This allows a customer to place calls over the wireless system using the standard wired telephone equipment within the customer premises. The telephone line wires from the remote unit are connected to the input line connectors 28 on circuit board 22, and the telephone line wires of the customer premises are connected to the output line connectors 30. The NID 10 also receives input power lines from an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) within the customer premises and provides connections for the input power lines so as to deliver power via output power lines to the remote unit of the wireless system. The circuit board 22 of NID 10 includes a first set of power connectors 34 and a second set of power connectors 36. Each of the sets of connectors 34, 36 includes four separate single-wire IDCs, numbered 1 through 4. The single-wire IDCs may be used for either input or output connections. In one possible embodiment, the first set of connectors 34 may be connected to output power line wires from the customer premises power supply, while the second set of connectors 36 are connected to input power line wires of the remote unit. Numerous other configurations of the input and output power lines may also be used.
The exemplary NID 10 also incorporates power protection circuitry for protecting against current surges, over-voltage or other undesirable conditions on the input and output power lines. The power protection circuitry is arranged in this embodiment on a portion of the circuit board 22 beneath a cover 38. The operation and arrangement of these power protection components will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. The input and output telephone line and power line wires enter or exit the NID 10 through openings 40, 42 in the base 12. The openings 40, 42 may include corresponding grommets 41, 43.
FIG. 3 shows the NID 10 with the customer access door 18 in an open position. It can be seen that the customer access door 18 in this embodiment allows the customer to access the RJ11 jacks 24, 26 and the corresponding plugs 25, 27. As previously noted, this provides the customer with the ability to isolate failures to either the customer premises equipment or the service provider network. FIG. 4 shows the NID 10 with the NID cover 14 in an open position. In this position, all internal components and connections are easily accessible. The power protection components beneath cover 38 may be accessed when the NID cover 14 is opened by simply removing the cover 38. In many applications, it may be desirable for the NID cover 14 and base 12 to incorporate a locking mechanism which will prevent the NID cover 14 from being opened by unauthorized individuals.
FIG. 5 shows an illustrative embodiment of the circuit board 22 in greater detail. The circuit board 22 includes the RJ11 jacks 24, 26 and the corresponding plugs 25, 27, the input and output line connectors 28, 30, and the first and second sets of power line connectors 34, 36, all arranged as previously described in conjunction with FIG. 2. The traces on the circuit board 22 are shown as solid dark lines. The circuit board 22 includes a ground pad area 45 which is provides a contact with the ground terminal 32, and a set of protection circuitry 48. The set of input connectors 28 include IDCs designated IDC2 and IDC4, while the set of output connectors 30 include IDCs designated IDC1 and IDC3. The tip and ring contacts of the RJ11 jack 24 are connected via traces on board 22 to the tip and ring contacts of the input connector IDC2, while the tip and ring contacts of the RJ11 jack 26 are connected via traces on board 22 to the tip and ring contacts of the input connector IDC4. The tip and ring wires of the plug 25 are wired to terminals E1 and E2 of the board 22, and are connected via traces on board 22 to the corresponding tip and ring contacts of the input connector IDC1l. Similarly, the tip and ring wires of the plug 27 are wired to terminals E3 and E4 of board 22, and are connected via traces to the corresponding tip and ring contacts of the input connector IDC3. When the plugs 25, 27 are plugged into the corresponding jacks 24, 26, the service provider telephone line wires at input connectors 28 are connected to the customer premises telephone line wires at output connectors 30. It should be noted that the use of a circuit board of the type illustrated in FIG. 5 provides considerable flexibility in terms of the connections which can be established within the NID. Connections which would be very difficult to wire into a conventional NID can be easily accommodated through the use of appropriate circuit board traces.
The protection circuitry 48 on circuit board 22 in this embodiment includes a pair of gas discharge tubes (GDTs) designated GAS1 and GAS2, one for each of the two standard telephone lines in the NID 10. The GDTs are conventional three-terminal devices which are designed to divert surges on the tip and ring wires to ground. The central terminals of both GAS1 and GAS2 are connected via a trace on the board 22 to the ground pad area 45. The other two terminals of GAS1 are connected via traces on board 22 to the tip and ring contacts of IDC2 and thereby to the tip and ring terminals of the RJ11 jack 24. Similarly, the other two terminals of GAS2 are connected via traces on board 22 to the tip and ring contacts of IDC4 and thereby to the tip and ring terminals of the RJ11 jack 26. The protection circuitry 48 may incorporate other conventional protection for the tip and ring wires, such as a thermal overload mechanism which shorts the tip and ring wires to ground in the event of a sustained surge in order to prevent fire hazards, or a back-up gap which provides protection if a GDT loses gas.
The protection circuitry 48 also includes power line protection for the input and output power lines in NID 10. This power line protection is implemented in the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 5 using four series fuses designated F1, F2, F3 and F4 and four metal oxide varistors (MOVs) designated MOV1, MOV2, MOV3 and MOV4. The MOVs clamp voltage surges on the power lines to acceptable levels, while the fuses in this embodiment are arranged to stop the flow of current to the MOVs in the event of MOV overheating. Additional fuses, which are not shown in FIG. 5, may be included to protect against current surges on the power lines. FIG. 6 shows an exemplary MOV voltage characteristic as a function of time in the presence of a voltage surge. The MOV clamps the power line voltage during the surge to 70 volts. After the surge, the power line voltage returns to the normal pre-surge level of 28 volts. The power line wires connected to input and output power line connectors 34, 36 are connected as shown via traces on the board 22 to the fuses and MOVs.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustrating an alternative arrangement of the fuses and MOVs which may be used in the protection circuitry 48 of FIG. 5. In this arrangement, power lines P1 and P2 are connected from a UPS through the protection circuitry of the NID to power supply inputs of the above-noted remote unit (RU) of a wireless system. An MOV 64-1, fuses 60-1 and 60-2, and an MOV 64-2 are connected in series between the lines P1 and P2 as shown. Fuses 60-1 and 60-2 are connected to ground at their interconnection, and may be implemented as standard current-sensitive fuses or temperature sensitive fuses such as thermal-cutoff fuses or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) devices. Fuses 62-1, 62-3 and 62-2, 62-4 are connected in series in the respective power lines P1 and P2 as shown. In an alternative embodiment, the positions of the fuses 60-1, 60-2 and the MOVs 64-1, 64-2 may be interchanged, such that fuses 60-1 and 60-2 are connected between respective power lines P1 and P2 and respective MOVs 64-1 and 64-2, and the MOVs are connected to ground at their interconnection. The fuses 60-1 and 60-2 in either embodiment serve to isolate the respective MOVs 64-1 and 64-2 in the event of MOV overheating, while allowing sufficient power flow via power lines P1 and P2 to permit emergency calls to be made. Conventional power protection circuitry generally includes only series fuses such as 62-1 and 62-2, which serve to shut off the main power connection of lines P1 and P2 in the event of MOV overheating.
The elements 66-1 and 66-2 represent conventional voltage clamp devices, such as silicon avalanche diodes (SADs), and are protected by fuses 60-3 and 60-4, respectively. The elements 66-1 and 66-2 may alternatively be implemented as MOVs. In alternative embodiments of the power protection circuitry of FIG. 7, the elements 60-3, 66-1 and 60-4, 66-2 may be eliminated. The power protection elements 62-1, 62-2, 66-1 and 60-3 may be implemented within the UPS or on the circuit board of the NID. Similarly, the power protection elements 62-3, 62-4, 66-2 and 60-4 may be implemented within the RU or on the circuit board of the NID. It should be noted that the functions of fuses 62-1, 62-2, 62-3 and 62-4 may be implemented in the NID through the use of fuse links. The fuse links may be implemented using a length of wire that exits a cable within the NID and is terminated to the circuit board, or alternatively may be built on the circuit board or designed into circuit board traces.
The NID circuit board architecture of the present invention also simplifies implementation of enhanced communication line protection circuitry. The exemplary embodiment described in conjunction with FIG. 5 utilized three-terminal GDTs, in which input and output lines are tied to the same point, for communication line protection. The use of the circuit board for communication line protection circuitry permits implementation of more sophisticated protectors, such as five-terminal protectors, in which separation of input and output lines allows the insertion of additional components between the input and output lines. These protectors may include the following: (1) current limiting devices, such as fuses or PTC devices which act as resettable fuses, (2) maintenance termination units (MTUs), which are circuits used by service providers for fault sectionalization, (3) additional impedances, which may be in the form of resistors, inductors or PTC devices, that assist in coordinating the generally robust protection in a NID with the weaker secondary protection circuits located in fax machines, modems and the like, and (4) filters for removing radio interference or other signals, as required by a given application. Moreover, the circuit board architecture facilitates the use of solid state protection devices, which may be used in place of or in conjunction with GDTs and MOVs.
FIG. 8 shows a NID 80 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention. The NID 80 includes a base 82, a cover 84 and a customer access door 88, configured in a manner generally similar to that described above in conjunction with the NID 10. The NID 80 also includes the circuit board 22 and its corresponding components as previously described. The base 82 and cover 84 of the NID 80 are both extended in this embodiment to provide an additional compartment 85 which is designed to accommodate the above-noted UPS. The UPS in the NID 80 may be completely separate from the circuit board 22, or partially or completely implemented on a portion of the circuit board 22 which extends into the compartment 85. Connections between the UPS and the NID circuit board may therefore be established through traces in the circuit board. The compartment 85 may be completely enclosed or only partially enclosed. The power supply may be accessible through a separate access door having a separate lock or other security device.
Conventional NIDs, which are typically designed for use in wired systems, generally do not include a UPS because all the required power is supplied over the wired telephone lines. However, a NID suitable for use in a fixed wireless installation can benefit greatly from incorporation of a UPS. As noted above, the power lines in the NID 10 are supplied from a UPS which is external to the NID 10. The NID 80 is configured to permit the incorporation of a UPS directly into the NID itself, thereby further simplifying the power line interconnections. The UPS within the NID 80 may utilize AC power from the customer premises. The UPS will typically include a DC power source driven by the customer AC power, as well as a suitable battery backup for supplying DC power in the event of AC power source failure. Conventional MDs have apparently not heretofore incorporated a UPS into the NID itself This feature of the invention can provide significant reductions in installation wiring requirements, in that all UPS power line connections to the NID can be incorporated during NID manufacture.
FIG. 9 shows a NID 90 in accordance with another alternative embodiment of the invention. Like the NID 10, the NID 90 includes a base 92, a cover 94 and a customer access door 98. The cover 94 in this embodiment is arranged to open using hinges 96, while the customer access door is arranged to open using hinges 100. The cover 94 thus opens in a direction substantially perpendicular to that of the access door 98, in contrast to the NID 10 in which the cover opened in a direction substantially parallel to that of the access door. The circuit board 102 includes a pair of RJ11 jacks 104 and a corresponding pair of RJ11 plugs 105, arranged to provide the subscriber bridge feature previously described.
The IDCs associated with the input and output line connectors and input and output power connectors in NID 10 are replaced in this embodiment with binding post contacts 106 and corresponding binding post screws 108. The binding post contacts 106 are soldered into the appropriate holes in the circuit board 22. A connection may be made between a stripped wire and a given binding post contact 106 using conventional techniques. Although the binding post connection arrangement of FIG. 9 is more labor intensive at the installation phase than the IDC connector arrangement used in the NID 10, the incorporation of binding posts onto a printed circuit board with other NID components nonetheless facilitates manufacture and installation relative to conventional manually-wired NIDs. The circuit board 102 further includes a pair of ground contacts 112, and four GDTs 110. Each of the GDTs includes three terminals and provides power protection on the tip and ring wires of a telephone line in the manner previously described. Grommets 114 are used to protect wires passing through the openings 115.
FIG. 10 shows a portion of a NID 120 and illustrates a modularity feature of the present invention. The NID 120 includes a base 122. The base 122 supports four separate circuit boards, 124-1, 124-2, 124-3 and 124-4. Each of the circuit boards 124-n is used to support a single standard telephone line, and includes an RJ11 jack 130, an RJ11 plug 131, an input line connector 132, an output line connector 133, a ground terminal 134 and a GDT 138 for power protection. The boards 124-n are mounted or otherwise secured within the base 122 using any suitable conventional technique. The RJ11 jack 130 and plug 131 provide the previously-described subscriber bridge feature. The input and output line connectors 132, 133 are implemented as IDCs in this embodiment. The input connector 132 receives tip (T) and ring (R) wires from the service provider network, while the output connector receives tip and ring wires from the customer premises. The interconnections between the components on the boards 124-n are similar to those described previously in conjunction with the circuit board 22 of FIG. 5. Although shown in FIG. 10 as providing standard telephone line functions, the boards 124-n in alternative embodiments can each be designed to provide a different type of service. For example, one or more of the boards 124-n may include fixed wireless power line protection circuitry of the type described in conjunction with FIG. 5.
The NID 120 can be configured to support many different numbers and types of customer lines. For example, the same NID 120 can be used when a customer with one existing line wants to upgrade to three lines, when a customer wants to add a high speed line, or when a customer wants to drop from three lines to two. These and numerous other configuration changes are facilitated by the modular nature of the NID 120. Adding, removing or upgrading a line can be accomplished by simply adding, removing or upgrading a corresponding circuit board 124. This is a considerable improvement over conventional NIDs, which are typically designed to support only certain specific configurations and are therefore highly inflexible. Configuration changes in conventional NIDs often require either replacing the NID itself or manually re-wiring its internal components, both of which are time-consuming and costly operations. The modular NID 120 of FIG. 10 overcomes these problems without unduly increasing the complexity and cost of the NID itself.
An alternative embodiment of the modular NID 120 may be implemented by replacing the individual circuit boards 124-n with one or more lead frame modules. The lead frame modules incorporate the functionality of the boards 124-n described above, but utilize a lead frame module rather than a printed circuit board to support the components. FIGS. 11A through 11D illustrate an exemplary implementation of a lead frame module 150 suitable for installation with one or more other modules into a modular NID in accordance with the invention. The lead frame module 150 as shown in FIG. 1A includes a lead frame base 152, which is shown separately in FIG. 1D, and a lead frame cover 154 which is shown separately in FIG. 1B. The lead frame cover includes a customer wiring block 156 at which a connection is made between tip and ring wires 158 from the customer premises and the underlying portions of the lead frame, a network wiring block 160 at which a connection is made between tip and ring wires from the service provider and the underlying portions of the lead frame. The lead frame cover also includes a protection block 164 at which a GDT 166 is connected to underlying portions of the lead frame. The jack 168 is a self-disconnecting jack which implements a bridge function as previously described. FIG. 11C shows the lead frame 170 which is supported between the lead frame base 152 and the lead frame cover 154. The portion 172 of the lead frame 170 contacts the customer premises wiring 158 in block 156. The portion 174 of the lead frame 170 can be partially seen within the jack 168 in FIG. 11A and is used to provide the self-disconnecting jack feature. The portion 176 of the lead frame 170 contacts the network wiring in block 160, and the portion 178 contacts the terminals of the GDT 166 in the block 164. The lead frame module 150 incorporates the subscriber bridge, input and output connection and communication line protection functions described previously in connection with the circuit board modules of FIG. 10.
Embodiments of the invention which incorporate IDCs, such as the NID 10 of FIGS. 1 through 4, the NID 80 of FIG. 8 and the NID 120 of FIG. 10, may each incorporate another feature of the invention. In accordance with this feature, the NID cover is configured such that closing the NID cover automatically applies the appropriate pressure to depress the upper portion of each of the IDCs. This ensures that the required connections are established automatically upon closing the NID door, and ensures that a technician cannot close the NID cover while inadvertently leaving an IDC open or only partially closed.
FIGS. 12A-12D illustrate this feature as implemented in the NID) 10 of FIGS. 1 through 4. FIGS. 12A and 12B show different views of the NID 10 with the cover 14 in a partially-closed position. It can be seen from FIG. 12B that an inner surface of the cover 14 incorporates a number of projections. These projections include, for example, three projections designated 180-1, 180-2 and 180-3, which correspond generally to the positions of the three sets of IDCs 36, 34 and 28, respectively, as well as other projections corresponding to other IDCs. Closing the NID cover 14 brings the projections 180-1, 180-2 and 180-3 into contact with corresponding upper portions 182-1, 182-2 and 182-3 of the IDCs 36, 34 and 28, respectively, in order to ensure that each IDC is properly closed. FIGS. 12C and 12D show different views of the NID 10 with the cover 14 fully closed. It can be seen from FIG. 12D that the projections 180-1, 180-2 and 180-3 have fully depressed the corresponding upper portions of the IDCs, thereby ensuring a proper contact between the IDCs and the associated wiring. This feature of the invention may be utilized with any other type of connector in which the connection is made by applying pressure to a portion of the connector.
The above-described embodiments of the invention are intended to be illustrative only. Numerous alternative embodiments within the scope of the following claims will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
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|Lucent Technologies
|Method for customizing operation of a line interface circuit in a telecommunications network
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|Tii Industries, Inc.
|Residential protection service center
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|The Whitaker Corporation
|Network interface device
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|May 11, 1999
|Teleport Communications Group, Inc.
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|Aug 17, 1999
|Antronix, Inc.
|Hermetically sealed electrical connection to a junction box
|Sep 29, 1997
|Jun 20, 2000
|Lucent Technologies, Inc.
|Modular network interface device
|1. Specification Sheet, "IDC Pivot Connector: The tool-less solution for signal and low power connections," AMP Inc., Harrisburg, PA, 1997, 2 pages.
|Specification Sheet, "Multi-Pair Pivot Connector," AMP Inc., Harrisburg, PA, 1 page.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 13, 1999
|Dec 10, 2002
|At&T Wireless Services, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for vibration and temperature isolation
|Aug 18, 1999
|Dec 9, 2003
|Kenneth Vaughn
|Telephone loop monitoring and isolation system
|Dec 17, 2004
|Apr 10, 2007
|Demag Cranes & Components, Gmbh
|Housing for fastening of electrical and/or electronic power components to a circuit board
|Feb 8, 2005
|Dec 11, 2007
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Coaxial module with surge protector
|May 28, 2004
|Jan 6, 2009
|Qwest Communications International Inc.
|Environmentally-controlled network interface device and methods
|Jun 7, 2004
|Mar 8, 2011
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Housing for receiving printed circuit boards whose components form at least parts of a communication system
|Feb 27, 2003
|Apr 5, 2011
|Qwest Communications International, Inc.
|Systems and methods for providing video and data services to a customer premises
|Aug 1, 2003
|Feb 7, 2012
|Qwest Communications International Inc.
|Systems and methods for implementing a content object access point
|Mar 24, 2009
|Sep 8, 2015
|Qwest Communications International Inc.
|Transmitting utility usage data via a network interface device
|Mar 14, 2013
|Nov 24, 2015
|Hubbell Incorporated
|Metro cell aggregator enclosure
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|Aug 5, 2004
|Qwest Communications International Inc.
|Systems and methods for providing and displaying picture-in-picture signals
|Feb 27, 2003
|Aug 5, 2004
|Qwest Communications International Inc.
|Systems and methods for displaying data over video
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|Jan 13, 2005
|Qwest Communications International Inc.
|Environmentally-controlled network interface device and methods
|Dec 17, 2004
|Jun 23, 2005
|Demag Cranes & Components Gmbh
|Housing for fastening of electrical and/or electronic power components to a circuit board
|Feb 8, 2005
|Jul 7, 2005
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Coaxial module with surge protector
|May 9, 2005
|Nov 17, 2005
|Ferretti Vincent E Iii
|Connector port for network interface device
|Dec 19, 2005
|Jun 29, 2006
|Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
|Expansion card having improved circuit layout and a method for redefining terminal connections of the expansion card
|Dec 20, 2005
|Aug 24, 2006
|Optical Solutions, Inc.
|Power supply housing for network interface device
|Jun 7, 2004
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|Walter Fursich
|Housing for Receiving Printed Circuit Boards Whose Components form at Least Parts of a Communication System
|Mar 14, 2013
|Sep 18, 2014
|Hubbell Incorporated
|Metro Cell Aggregator Enclosure
|Feb 16, 2016
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|Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
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|Optical-electrical composite cable system
|U.S. Classification
|439/76.1, 439/409
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 23, 1998
Owner name: LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC., NEW JERSEY
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|Sep 13, 2001
Owner name: AVAYA TECHNOLOGY CORP., NEW JERSEY
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|Jun 15, 2005
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|Jun 28, 2005
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|Nov 27, 2013
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 14, 2014
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20131127


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Features of This Trackelectronica roots
ambient soundscapes
new age influences
beats in 3/4
straight drum beats
use of modal harmonies
a variety of synth sounds
effected synths
acrobatic synth lines
synth heavy arrangements
an experimental musical style
dense orchestration
a highly synthetic sonority
an emphasis on instrumentation
tripped-out production
thickly layered production
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Release Date:
September 1, 2009
Fitness expert Leslie Sansone demonstrates a new way to put your exercise routine into a higher gear in this fitness video. In Leslie Sansone: Walk Away the Pounds - Walk & Jog, Sansone presents a variation on her well-known walking routine that interpolates short bursts of jogging to speed up the metabolism and burn more calories. Sansone's workout can also be performed in the home. ~ Mark Deming, RoviWalking is one of the easiest and most effective workouts for those looking to lead a healthier lifestyle; now, thanks to fitness expert Leslie Sansone, viewers can experience all the health benefits of a brisk walk in less than 30 minutes! A complete, total-body workout that stretches the body, burns fat, and conditions your muscles into top form, this workout provides a cardiovascular workout routine that will sculpt your body both quickly and effectively. You don't have to hit the gym for a good workout, just follow Leslie Sansone, and you'll be well on your way to a healthier physique that will leave you looking and feeling great. ~ Jason Buchanan, RoviLeslie Sansone shows you how you can kick your fitness routine up a notch in this exercise video. In Leslie Sansone: Walk Away The Pounds - Walk & Kick, the well-known fitness expert presents a new variation on her successful 30-minute walking workout that incorporates simple kickboxing moves to boost intensity, raise the metabolism, and burn additional calories on the way to creating a leaner and healthier you. ~ Mark Deming, RoviFitness expert Leslie Sansone is your instructor on this instructional video, in which she demonstrates a fat-burning exercise program based on walking, which can be done in the comfort and privacy of one's own home. Leslie Sansone: Walk Away the Pounds Express - Walk Strong integrates lifts, squats, and punches into a walking workout that can help users drop weight and tone muscles with only 30 minutes each day. The program also demonstrates exercises which can be done with an additional elastic "stretchie" band. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi
- Genre: Health & Fitness
- Category Toning & Strength Training, Aerobic Exercise
- Studio: GT Media
- Run Time: 01 hr 59 min
- Language: English
- Release Date: September 1, 2009
- Director: Cal Pozo
other Info.
- Online Item #: 11536623
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 246-03-3345
- Made in the USA or Imported


text:
Photo Details
Wayne Stinson This is a Mormon
Mar 09, 2013 · Reply
Daniel Pinna I believe that this car is a Duesenberg probably from the late 1920's. Thanks to Allen Harmsworth, we think we've identified this car as a 1926 Duesenberg Model A. Also, believe it or not, these cars are where the phrase "it's a Duesy" comes from.
Apr 18, 2013 · Reply
Wayne Stinson It looks just like my Grandfathers in a 1930 picture
Apr 18, 2013 · Reply


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In this paper, two approaches utilizing neural networks, intended to infer genetic regulatory networks from temporal gene expression measurements, are examined. These approaches aimed to find a minimal set of genes that were able to accurately predict the expression levels of a given gene, thus modeling the interactions in the underlying genetic regulatory networks. Two neural network architectures were employed in each approach to determine the robustness of the modeling procedure with respect to the network architecture. Two testing procedures were also devised to evaluate the trained neural networks' performance and generalizability. The resulting neural networks predicted, with high accuracy, the target gene expression level at future times given the predicted minimal gene-set expression levels at previous time points
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text:
Everyone's favorite kitty!
My thesis is due this week, so I'm only posting fluff!
Filed under: For fun | Tagged: fun, kitties | Comments Off on Time for some Maru
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In their circles
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Book your room at Pat-Mase Villas
Get an overview of this hotel4-star villa with free breakfast and free area shuttle
Situated near the airport, this villa is within 3 mi (5 km) of Jenggala Factory, Honorary Consulate of Italy, and Jimbaran Beach. Benoa Square is 2.9 mi (4.6 km) away.
Property Features
A restaurant, an outdoor pool, and a bar/lounge are available at this villa. Free WiFi in public areas is provided, as well as free self parking, a free area shuttle, and a free manager's reception. Other amenities include a coffee shop/café, massage/treatment rooms, and concierge services.
Room Amenities
All 20 villas provide kitchenettes with refrigerators, plus free WiFi and TVs with cable channels. Other amenities available to guests include living rooms, dining areas, and minibars.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Pat-Mase VillasJalan Karang Mas Sejahtera 100 Jimbaran Bali 80364
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The villa offers a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast as well as a complimentary manager's reception (may not be available daily). A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
This Jimbaran villa also offers an outdoor pool, spa services, and a terrace. A complimentary area shuttle within 3 km is available for guests. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
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- Free area shuttle
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- Free long-term parking
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- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
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- Outdoor pool
- Porter/bellhop
- Restaurant
- Spa services on site
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Terrace
- Total number of rooms - 20
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Wedding services
- Year Built 2005
Family Friendly Amenities
- Area shuttle (complimentary)
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchenette
- Laundry facilities
- Outdoor pool
- Refrigerator
- Separate dining area
- Separate living room
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
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Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Bathrobes
- Cable TV service
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- Free bottled water
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- Slippers
- Television
- Turndown service
Where to Eat
A complimentary breakfast is offered. The villa offers a complimentary manager's reception on select days.
Pat-Mase Villas has a restaurant serving breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Scuba diving nearby
- Snorkeling nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Skydiving nearby
- Ecotours nearby
- Bicycle rentals on site
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
- Safari nearby
Spa Services
- Hot stone massage
- Reflexology
- Number of treatment rooms 4
- Outdoor treatment areas
- Body wraps
- Body scrubs
- Aromatherapy treatments
- Ayurvedic treatments
- Massages
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
- Manicures and pedicures
Hotel Policies
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 2 PM
Payment types
- No pets or service animals allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
24-hour check-in
No pets or service animals allowed
Optional extras
- Airport shuttle fee: USD 20 per vehicle (roundtrip)
- Late check-out fee: USD 100
- Rollaway bed fee: USD 30 per night
Hotel Name
- Pat-Mase
- Pat-Mase Villas
- Pat-Mase Villas Jimbaran
- Pat-Mase Villas Villa
- Pat-Mase Villas Villa Jimbaran
- Pat-Mase Residence At Jimbaran Hotel Jimbaran
- Pat-Mase, Villas At Jimbaran Bali
We should mention
Reservations are required for spa treatments. Reservations can be made by contacting the villa prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Children 12 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Children may not be eligible for complimentary breakfast. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.


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For student data portability, the banking sector might hold the answer. Just ask yourself, did you ever encounter fake withdrawals from your bank account?
For student data portability, the banking sector might hold the answer. Just ask yourself, did you ever encounter fake withdrawals from your bank account?
In a landmark ruling that could see many international students returning to the UK, an immigration tribunal has condemned the Home Office for deporting students for alleged exam deception in 2014 without confirming their role in the deception.
The UK government has revoked the licence of 16 private colleges in its investigation into immigration fraud launched in June saying "If a college addresses the serious concerns we have identified, they may get their licence back; if not, we reserve the right to revoke it permanently."
An innovative video interview company based in China is expecting "tremendous growth" for 2013-2014 since it has seen strong take-up among prospective international students keen to demonstrate their English language capabilities on film. Its emergence taps into global concerns with fraud in the high-stakes admissions process.
Authorities in New Zealand have uncovered immigration fraud in 279 Chinese student visa applications through routine random sampling of student visa applications through Immigration New Zealand's Beijing branch. Two agencies are thought to be the source; some students already identified in the Auckland area.
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Accepting new patients
123 S Mission Dr
San Gabriel, CA 91776 Phone number & directions
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Floyd Gardner:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
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Metastatic Melanoma Patient Education Learn all about metastatic melanoma symptoms and treatments by reading Vitals patient education guide.Before Visiting Dr. Gardner Learn More
|More Patient Guides & Topics
Skin Cancer
Breast Cancer
Hodgkins Lymphoma
Pulmonary Embolism
Specialties & Research
Dr. Floyd Gardner, MD is board certified in Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology.
Education & Awards
Dr. Gardner graduated from University of Tennessee, Memphis.
Dr. Gardner has 8 hospital affiliations:
- Whittier Hospital Medical Center
- Huntington Hospital
- Chinese
- Japanese
- Russian
- Spanish
- Armenian
- Mandarin
Similar doctors nearby
Dr. Daniel Cham
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Floyd C Gardner MD is a male Diagnostic Radiologist, has 42 years of experience and practices in Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology.
- Where does Dr. Floyd C. Gardner practice?
- Dr. Floyd Gardner has 4 office locations.
Dr. Floyd Gardner practices Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology near San Gabriel, CA.
Additional practice locations include: Whittier, CA and Monterey Park, CA.
See San Gabriel Radiologists.


text:
Hello everyone,
I use the NextGEN Gallery and came up with a problem.
I have a gallery that includes 30 pictures and I set a max. number of 20 pics per page. So two pages (the first with 20 pictures, the second with 10 pictures) are created.
Now when I start clicking through the images on the first page, only the 20 pics of the first page are displayed and I would have to switch to the next page to see the pictures of the second page.
However, I want all 30 pictures to be displayed when clicking the "Next" button on a picture. I don't want to have to close the image view and change to the second thumbnail page.
What's wrong here? Anyone have an idea how I can change this behaviour?
Thank you!


text:
U.S. Posts $150.4 Billion November Budget Deficit
WASHINGTON—The U.S. government ran its 26th straight monthly budget deficit in November amid wrangling over a package that would extend big tax cuts to Americans trying to recover from recession.
The Treasury Department, in its regular budget monthly statement, said the government spent $150.4 billion than it collected in the second month of fiscal 2011.
Economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires had expected a shortfall of $126.5 billion. November is traditionally a month for deficits.
The Treasury report, detailing the government's spending programs, prompted an economic research firm, Macroeconomic Advisers, to lift its forecast for economic growth from October through December by four-tenths of a percentage point, to 2.7%.
Last month's red ink pushes up the deficit to $290.8 billion for the fiscal year, which began Oct. 1. That figure is a little smaller than the deficit during the same period last year. But President Barack Obama's administration expects the deficit to top $1 trillion in this fiscal year.
Washington has spent in excess of $1 trillion during each of the last two fiscal years, as revenues were reduced by the deep recession. At the same time, the economic slump and Wall Street bailout raised the government's expenses.
The November deficit marked the government's 26th shortfall in a row. As the deficit continues growing, Washington is in the midst of working out key tax legislation. The Senate unveiled final details of a broad tax bill—and its 10-year price tag of $858 billion—and began debate Thursday night on the package. Earlier in the week, Mr. Obama struck a deal with Republicans in Congress to extend for two years tax cuts enacted under former President George W. Bush.
The budget statement Friday said federal spending totaled $585.7 billion so far this fiscal year, with revenues at $294.9 billion. In the last two months, the federal government spent $128.3 billion on defense, $36.8 billion in interest payments on its debt, and $20.0 billion for unemployment benefits.
The U.S. budget deficit in fiscal 2010, at $1.294 trillion, was the second-highest ever, behind the record 2009 deficit of $1.416 trillion.
The administration last July said it was projecting a 2011 budget deficit of $1.416 trillion. But Michael Feroli, an analyst at J.P. Morgan Chase, said Friday he expects the budget gap to set a new record in fiscal 2011, reaching $1.5 trillion as the government pays for the extension of tax cuts.
The tax package prompted Mr. Feroli to raise his forecast of 2011 economic growth by half of a percentage point. This also came after the Fed, to spur the weak economy, announced a decision last month to buy $600 billion in U.S. Treasury notes.
"Because the added growth from the package should be concentrated in the first half of next year, we now believe the Fed will not seek to increase asset purchases beyond the currently scheduled $600 billion amount when it reviews the program next June," he said in a research note.
Write to Jeff Bater at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
It was a rough week, but we're trying to find the bright moments.
Film noir style.
Stars: they're mostly nothing like us!
A slideshow of all the images we used for the site's background this month.
July's theme is SOULMATES.
Here's what kinds of submissions we're looking for, plus info on how to send us your work. ✴
Rookie is an online magazine and book series for teenagers. Each month, a different editorial theme drives the writing, photography, and artwork that we publish. Learn more about us here, and find out how to submit your work here!


text:
Election results: T-SPLOST rejected, City of Brookhaven approved,...
There are 3 comments on the Creative Loafing Atlanta story from Aug 2, 2012, titled Election results: T-SPLOST rejected, City of Brookhaven approved,.... In it, Creative Loafing Atlanta reports that:
Journos and political wonks are still wrapping their heads around last night's primary elections , which saw the failure of the regional transportation tax in metro Atlanta and several pink slips being handed to incumbents.
Join the discussion below, or Read more at Creative Loafing Atlanta.
"Yet another average white man."
Since: Jun 11
Location hidden
#1 Aug 2, 2012
The local government has proven they can't be trusted when they played games with the GA400 tolls. I'm sure they will try now to find some clever work-around so they can funnel cash and prizes to their buddies and campaign contributors. I hear they rented an expensive banquet hall to celebrate before the votes were counted. Arrogant fools.
Since: Jan 10
Location hidden
#2 Aug 2, 2012
Every chamber of commerce employee who supported
T-Splosh should be fired for their efforts and be replaced with employees who will listen to the citizens of Georgia. We need people in charge who will cut spending and utilize our tax money effectively. Georgians proved by the defeat of T-Splosh we are tired of wasteful spending on worthless projects which benefit a few. Why pore more money into a hole like MARTA? If rapid rail is so wonderful let a private company get rich building and operating it.
Since: Jan 10
Location hidden
#3 Aug 4, 2012
Now the defeat of T-Splosh is in the bag and the politicians, contractors, and
Chamber of Commerce big shots have used up all the available crying towels
within their reach we can reflect on the results of its defeat. Maybe MARTA's
desire to ship Atlanta's criminals out to the suburbs will diminish as they
scramble to try and save their over paid worthless jobs. Atlanta's cry about
how the traffic is choking it to death might come to pass and this crime
producing haven will become another ghost town drowning in its own gov't
entitlements, filth and crime. As you can see once the thugs have stolen
everything from each other inside the city limits they don't dare invade the
outlying areas like Kennesaw were it is a crime NOT to carry a gun, the Atlanta
criminals are afraid to rob people who might shoot back. Instead of electing
another Mohammad for mayor maybe they will elect an offspring of Sherman to help
revitalize the city of MLK with a huge torch. Yes, the defeat of the T-Splosh
is a win/win situation for every taxpayer who hates crime and the fear of an 8%
sales tax.
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text:
Applications welcome for great new opportunity with Independent Alliance independentalliance.ie/job-vacancies/
Kevin 'Boxer' Moran is now on Twitter .Follow @kevinboxermoran if you want to know what is really happening in Irish politics .The quiet man
Great tribute to Giles on RTE 2 now
Independent Alliance chief backer Finian McGrath TD takes me to cleaners! Hope he donates winnings to the Independent Alliance?
Well done Portugal . Against odds .
Oh sugar!
Allez France ! Independent Alliance TD Finian McGrath goes for broke on Portugal. I back France
Allez France. McGrath goes one down as Germans face defeat in second half. France head for final,
Big split in the cabinet today. I back France against Finian McGrath betting on Germany.
Independent Alliance TDs are united in their requirement for FREE VOTE on Fatal Foetal bill. Conscience votes imperative for new politics.
The Press/Media Adviser role is a comprehensive one that requires the carrying out of any duties assigned to the individRead more >
It was Fianna Fail's turn to host lunch for the Independent Alliance. Share on Linkedin Tweet about it Subscribe tRead more >
The location for my first canvass of this election was hand- picked. Advised by an old hand with local knowledge a few wRead more >


text:
Boston Gay Bars
1. Jacques
This place is SO fun to go to. I went to see a friend perform in a drag show. All the performers came up to the audience and involved us. The songs …
2. Boston Ramrod
Haven't gone here for a while. I had stopped coming here when renovations were going on for months! When I saw the ad for the newly opened leather…
3. Fritz Lounge
It's a good place to go for after work drinks., also a good start for bar hopping. Great inexpensive cocktails. Bartenders make great drinks. If you…
4. Club CafeMenu
Unfriendly & clique-like atmosphere. Truely a Boston group unlike the rest of the country. Needs more service orientation and attitude adjustments.
5. Chris Harris Presents
1 Boylston PlBoston, MA 02116
6. Midway Cafe
I was new in town and went by myself, with much trepidation, to the bar. I found really cute women, cheap drinks, and great music. The women were …
7. Paradise Cafe
Just an update for all the possible visitors to the bar. It is not a law in Cabridge that coats have to be checked. It is the bars policy to help …
8. Randolph Country Club
A great, great local-yocal gay bar. It's heyday has passed, butr that's only 'cause we let it.....lets rally!!!
Showing1-8 of 8results


text:
10 Kitchen Hacks from Tablecraft
Tablecraft has been offering professional kitchen supplies since 1946 when Adolf Davis and his son Dalton created the company in Chicago, IL. They started with a small selecti...Read More
With the Victorinox 40146 bread knife you can easily power through loaves and slices of any style of bread. Perfect for any kitchen! This 12 inch blade features stamped construction for a thinner, lighter knife, and the serrated edge allows for a quick and almost effortless cut. The carved rosewood handle is not only classy, but boasts an ergonomically sound design to help reduce wrist tension and keep you cutting during those busy hours. Strong, reliable, and built to last!


text:
I have done a seed inventory for annuals I want to plant at our little museum next spring. I noticed that I have a lot of pink, red, orange, and yellow but few blue or purple flowering plants. Does anyone have suggestions? I did think of Petunias, but that's about it.
blue or purple annuals
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text:
If a patient is allergic to Heparin should the be given Activase?
Answers (2)
15 Nov 2009
You must tell your doctor you are taking Activase.
This is from the drugs.com interaction checker https://www.drugs.com/interactions-check.php
"... Alteplase is contraindicated in patients with acute ischemic stroke who have received heparin within the last 48 hours and have an elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Patients who are to receive a thrombolytic plus heparin for other indications should be carefully selected according to recommended eligibility criteria. The heparin dosage should be adjusted as appropriate to maintain therapeutic aPTT values. Patients should be closely monitored for signs of bleeding, especially at arterial puncture sites. Thrombolytic and/or anticoagulation therapy should be discontinued immediately if serious or uncontrollable bleeding occurs."
15 Feb 2012
You really need to provide more details. There is a big difference between Heparin and Activase. Typically Activase is used after a heart attack or stroke. Typically in a hospital setting, Argatroban is used in place of Heparin if you are allergic to it. Your other option for home use is Arixtra. Hope this helps.
Further Information
Search for questions
Still looking for answers? Try searching for what you seek or ask your own question.
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text:
communications manager jobs near Radnor, PA
Refine your searchClear Filters
Date Added
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Marketing Director- Running Press
Hachette Book Group - Philadelphia, PA
Excellent written and spoken communication skills. Work with Marketing Manager and Senior Designer to create materials for sales meetings and sales conference....
Philadelphia Craft Adventure Coord - Field Marketing Rep
Devils Backbone Brewing - Philadelphia, PA
Excellent personal communication skills. Some communication may be difficult requiring significant levels of tact....
Indirect Procurement Manager
First Quality - King of Prussia, PA
Strong written and verbal communication skills. We are seeking an experienced Indirect Procurement Manager for our corporate office located in Great Neck, NY or...
Special Education Teacher
Progressus Therapy, LLC - Philadelphia, PA
Collaborative minded professional with strong oral and written communication skills. Progressus Therapy has incredible opportunities for Special Education...
Marketing Manager
Swarthmore Co-op - Swarthmore, PA
Developing email communications to members and customers. Understanding of effective communication techniques and marketing tactics....
Project Manager
Wesco International - Norristown, PA
Excellent written and verbal communication skills. Develop full-scale project plans and associated communications documents....
Management Consulting Senior Manager - Pharmaceutical R&D
Accenture - Philadelphia, PA
Typically our Senior Managers work at client sites, which requires travel. Excellent leadership, client-facing communication (written and oral) and...
IMS - Fund Accountant, Alternative Investment Funds
SEI - Oaks, PA
› Excellent interpersonal, communication and client service skills. › Process funds' trade activity and communicate with the funds' investment manager on a...
Sr. Project Manager - Labs - Biopharm CMC - Based in King of Prussia, PA
PPD - King of Prussia, PA
Demonstrated and effective interpersonal, communications and negotiation skills for a wide variety of audiences....
Project Manager
Deacom, Inc. - Chesterbrook, PA
Superb communication, organization, debate, and deductive reasoning skills. We are the artisans of ERP software, the scientists, the dreamers and the risk...


text:
Houses to let in Durham Avenue, Bromley BR2 - 4 bedrooms
Keywords and filters like garden and parking live here
Your search area is too large to further filter your results. Please edit your search location if you would like to filter your results.
Filter your 1 result Clear filters
Property type
Letting type
£2,000 pcm (£462 pw)
Den Close, Beckenham, Beckenham BR3Detached house to rent - 4 bedrooms
Available immediately
Well presented detached 4 bedroom house located in a cul-de-sac in a great catchment area to rent immediately. Front Drive has space for 3 cars plus garage and car port at rear. Brand new central heating and radiators. Master bedroom has an en-suite ...
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Shortlands (0.6 miles)
- Bromley South (1.0 mile)


text:
New York Yankees
Print without images
Friday, May 25, 2012
No D-Rob or Gardy until New York
David Robertson
Brett Gardner
are in Tampa on rehab assignments, but from the way
Joe Girardi
was talking before tonight's game against the A's in Oakland, it's not likely either of then will be ready to play before the team returns to Yankee Stadium on June 5.
Girardi said Gardner, who has not played since April 17 due to a strain of his right elbow, will not even try to swing a bat before Monday. Robertson, on the DL since May 14 with strained left oblique, played catch on Thursday and according to the manager, "felt pretty decent.''
But Girardi said Robertson still felt some stiffness in the area of the injury and although he is slated to throw lightly again on Monday, there is still no timetable for him to throw off a mound. "We have to be a little bit cautious in the beginning to make sure nothing's there,'' Girardi said.
Last week, Robertson had expressed hope that he could rejoin the team when it gets to Detroit for a three-game series on June 1. But Girardi said he doubted that would happen.
"I think players are always hopeful. They don't always put the timeline together,'' Girardi said. "I'm not at all sure that's going to happen.''


text:
About the Authors
Department of Geography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
Ocean Science Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette, France
The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, United States of America
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom
Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
Institut de Ciències Marines, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, United States of America
International Research Institute of Stavanger, Thormøhlensgate, Bergen, Norway
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
Uni Climate, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, United States of America
Centro de innovacion Fundacion In-nova Castilla La Mancha, Madrid, Spain
Beijing Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Corresponding Author
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
The author(s) have made the following declarations about their contributions: Conceived and designed the experiments: CM CLW AR TA ARB DB LB QC MC RD AJG BMG PRH JI DOBJ LAL HN KN ERL MR HAR CRS AKS ART JFT PU LW TW MY. Performed the experiments: CM AR. Analyzed the data: CM QC CLW. Wrote the paper: CM CLW AR TA ARB DB LB QC MC RD AJG BMG PRH JI DOBJ LAL HN KN ERL MR HAR CRS AKS ART JFT PU LW TW MY.


text:
How can I configure zsh to be the default shell under Cygwin?
migrated from stackoverflow.com Oct 28 '11 at 2:58
This question came from our site for professional and enthusiast programmers.
Unless you're using cygwin as a multiuser environment (in which case use
Otherwise, you just change cygwin.bat to run
Of course, if you want to run multiple shells from startup, just create a set of
I felt I should update this to provide info on doing this without
If I read your question right, you're looking for something else than what chere supplies (which, granted, is pretty cool in its own right).
The current version of Cygwin doesn't have an /etc/passwd file, and the system I'm working on has Windows account information in a domain database out of my control. Consequently, chsh is no longer supported.
I also found that bash is not hard-coded into the startxwin script, nor is it hard-coded in any .bat file. Turns out you don't need to fiddle with .bat files at all.
Searching for how to change my shell, I found some advice about mkpasswd
I added it to the mix.
The man-page said:
(I don't know why the spacing is so "off"...)
I then used the following command:
mkpasswd -c | sed -e 'sX/bashX/zshX' | tee -a /etc/passwd
The next time you open a Cygwin Terminal, it will go straight to zsh
And that, I think, is what you asked for.
I just add the
or just change the default cygwin start menu shortcut to the same.
Copied from my answer on Stack Overflow:
Instead of creating a passwd file, which Cygwin recommends against1, you could edit /etc/nsswitch.conf. Add or edit the following line:
db_shell: /usr/bin/zsh
The down/up side of this method is that, if you have multiple users, this change affects all of them. The up/up side is that it's dead simple. The only catch is that you have to restart Cygwin.
If you do use mkpasswd after this change, it will use your new default shell for all users that are allowed to log on.
1 The mkpasswd documentation says this:
I can't really find any solid reasoning in the user's guide, other than a mention that you'll have to regenerate the /etc/passwd and /etc/group files if your users and groups change, which I suppose is a decent enough reason. I can say that the process is somewhat error prone for newbies.
Just thought I'd add this answer in case it helps anyone who's looking for it. If you use chere (which adds a "Bash prompt here" option to the right-click context menu of any folder), you can set it to zsh ("Zsh Prompt Here") with:
Assuming you're interested in changing the shell used in mintty/Cygwin Terminal, it first checks the SHELL environment variable, then the (now nonexistent) passwd file, then falls back to /bin/sh, which is what it seems to be doing by default.
I was able to set the SHELL environment variable in Windows to
Setting an environment variable probably varies for different versions of Windows. Try searching for "environment" in your Windows Control Panel. For me, under Windows 7, it was Control Panel → System → Advanced System Settings, which brings up the System Properties control panel/dialog, then the Advanced tab, then the Environment Variables button, which brings up the Environment Variables dialog, then create a new user variable named
If you want to use Cygwin shell inside the IDE Intellij, then use following setup inside settings/tools/terminal
This will embed the cygwin shell inside intellij instead of spawning a new window


text:
Why America Cannot "Save" MankindWritten by Bruce Walker
The Founding Fathers formed America as a republic. The interests of government were limited primarily to protecting freedom, and in those relatively few instances in which the "general welfare" was involved, the interests of government might include other duties as well. Post roads, the regulation of weights and measurements, the enactment of laws to protect copyrights and patents, a navy to protect American shores and shipping, the regulation of new territories until they could become states — these were the sorts of general welfare functions that the Constitution allowed the federal government to undertake.
With the background of Governor Scott Walker in Wisconsin standing up to public employee unions and those unions, with lots of outside help, trying put an overtly favorable candidate into a theoretically nonpolitical Wisconsin Supreme Court election, one might think that state politicians would be cautious about rolling over and playing dead when public employees unions make outrageous demands.
Regulators in the state of New York proved recently that they have a bit too much time on their hands. New York bureaucrats collectively decided that classic kids' games such as kickball, tag, Wiffle Ball, and Red Rover pose "a significant risk of injury" and started a campaign to ban these amusements at any recreational facilities. But officials decided to make significant changes to the proposal after media coverage of the plan provoked criticism.
Michigan State Police Reportedly Extracting Personal Info From CellphonesWritten by Joe Wolverton, II, J.D.
The Michigan chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union is questioning the Michigan State Police's use of cellphone "extraction" devices.
Specifically, the group claims that law enforcement is clandestinely using portable devices to secretly extract personal information from cell phones during routine stops.
Cyrstal Mangum (left), the stripper whose pack of lies about the Duke lacrosse team led to the disbarment of the prosecutor who took up her phony case, is charged with murder in connection with the stabbing death of her boyfriend.
Mangum landed in the slammer last week after allegedly stabbing her boyfriend. She has a history of abusing her boyfriends.