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Music and exercise can both affect autonomic nervous system activity. However, the effects of the combination of music and exercise on autonomic activity are poorly understood. Additionally, it remains unknown whether music affects post-exercise orthostatic tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of music on autonomic nervous system activity in orthostatic tolerance after exercise. Twenty-six healthy graduate students participated in four sessions in a random order on four separate days: a sedentary session, a music session, a bicycling session, and a bicycling with music session. Participants were asked to listen to their favorite music and to exercise on a cycle ergometer. We evaluated autonomic nervous system activity before and after each session using frequency analysis of heart rate variability. High frequency power, an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity, was significantly increased in the music session. Heart rate was increased, and high frequency power was decreased, in the bicycling session. There was no significant difference in high frequency power before and after the bicycling with music session, although heart rate was significantly increased. Additionally, both music and exercise did not significantly affect heart rate, systolic blood pressure or also heart rate variability indices in the orthostatic test. These data suggest that music increased parasympathetic activity and attenuated the exercise-induced decrease in parasympathetic activity without altering the orthostatic tolerance after exercise. Therefore, music may be an effective approach for improving post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, resulting in a faster recovery and a reduction in cardiac stress after exercise.
Citation: Jia T, Ogawa Y, Miura M, Ito O, Kohzuki M (2016) Music Attenuated a Decrease in Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity after Exercise. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0148648. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148648
Editor: Lutz Jaencke, University Zurich, SWITZERLAND
Received: July 16, 2015; Accepted: January 21, 2016; Published: February 3, 2016
Copyright: © 2016 Jia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Physical exercise increases sympathetic activity and decreases parasympathetic activity, resulting in an increase in heart rate (HR), and the increased HR rapidly declines after the cessation of exercise. This rapid HR recovery plays an important role in avoiding excessive cardiac work after exercise. Post-exercise decrease in HR is mediated by parasympathetic reactivation [1] and sympathetic withdrawal [2]. Previous studies have reported that trained athletes display high parasympathetic reactivation [1, 3]. However, blunted parasympathetic reactivation after exercise, resulting in reduced HR recovery, has been reported in patients with chronic heart failure [1, 4] and coronary artery disease [5]. Additionally, postponement of parasympathetic reactivation after exercise has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death [6]. Thus, post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation appears to be an important mechanism with a cardioprotective effect in both healthy participants and patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, an approach for improving post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation is of particular interest to reduce cardiac stress after exercise.
Music has been shown to be an efficient method of modulating emotions and autonomic nervous system activity, and is potentially a low-cost and safe adjuvant for intervention and therapy [7]. Sedative music induces both high relaxation and low tension subjectively in young adults [8]. These relaxation effects of music are supported by a shift of the autonomic balance towards parasympathetic predominance in healthy adults [9]. Additionally, listening to pleasant music provokes parasympathetic activity compared with a resting condition [10]. Thus, music may modify the autonomic nervous system activity after exercise. However, the effects of music on post-exercise autonomic nervous system activity are poorly understood.
HR variability (HRV) describes the variability of heartbeat intervals. HRV analysis, which is a reliable and non-intrusive method, is commonly used to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity [11–13]. The frequency of HRV, which is obtained from HR using methods such as fast Fourier transform, autoregressive model and maximum entropy methods (MEM), contains two major components: a low-frequency power (LF; 0.04–0.15 Hz) and a high-frequency power (HF; 0.15–0.40 Hz). LF is affected by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activities, whereas HF reflects parasympathetic nervous system activity [11]. The ratio of LF and HF (L/H) is used as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity [13].
It is also well-known that blood pressure (BP) reduces following a single bout of exercise, so-called post-exercise hypotension, in most individuals [14, 15]. Exercise induces orthostatic intolerance [16–18], which is associated with a high basal sympathetic modulation of vasomotor tone in combination with a diminished orthostatic sympathetic response to resistance vessels [19]. Music may positively or negatively alter post-exercise orthostatic hypotension through the modulation of autonomic nervous system activity. However, the effects of music on post-exercise orthostatic tolerance remain unknown.
Therefore, we evaluated the effects of music on autonomic nervous system activity after exercise in the orthostatic tolerance test using the frequency domain of HRV to test the hypothesis that music attenuates sympathetic nervous activity and/or elicits parasympathetic nervous activity after exercise, without changing the orthostatic tolerance.
Materials and Methods
The participants were 26 healthy volunteers (12 male, 14 female) who were recruited with a poster. Mean values for age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 27.9 ± 0.7 years, 166.5 ± 1.3 cm, 59.5 ± 1.8 kg and 21.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2, respectively. We confirmed that participants were healthy psychologically and somatically using a questionnaire, which we designed, prior to participation in the study. No participant had an illness or was taking any medication. In addition, no participants were regular smokers or exercised regularly. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to participation in this study. The ethical committee from Tohoku University School of Medicine approved this study (Approval number: 2014-1-478) and the experiment was carried out in conformity with the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
Study procedures
The study design employed is illustrated in Fig 1. First, participants undertook an orthostatic tolerance test after a 15-minute rest. The orthostatic tolerance test was carried out as follows: participants were asked to sit quietly for 2 minutes, and then to stand up and remain standing for 2 minutes. Next, volunteers participated in 15- minute intervention. Four interventions were conducted in a random order on four separate days: 1) a sedentary session, 2) a music session, 3) a bicycling session, and 4) a bicycling with music session. After each session, participants took the orthostatic tolerance test again. In the sedentary session, subjects were asked to keep rest in the sitting position with their eyes closed. In the music session, participants were asked to remain at rest in the sitting position with their eyes closed while listening to their favorite music, which they subjectively felt to be slow, quiet and relaxing, using headphones (RP-HB400W, Panasonic Co., Osaka, Japan). The volume of the sound was up to the participants, as long as they felt comfortable. We told the participants to listen to the same music repeatedly during the intervention. In the bicycling session, participants were asked to exercise on a cycle ergometer (Monark Rehab Trainer 881E, Vansbro, Sweden) with the load of the pedals set to 60 watts for males and 40 watts for females. These values were based on a preliminary study in which participants exercised on a cycle ergometer with several different loads on the pedals, and chose the exercise intensity that they felt to be "somewhat hard". These level of exercise intensities were equivalent to a score of approximately 13 on the rating of perceived exertion (Borg's index[20]). In the bicycling with music session, participants were asked to exercise while listening to their favorite music, which was same as that in the music session. In the music session and the bicycling with music session, participants listened to the music during the session, not before or after the session, or during the orthostatic tolerance test.The temperature of experimental room was maintained at 23°C. All experiments were performed at the same time (between 8 a.m. and 12 a.m.).We prohibited participants from listening to music, doing intense exercise, eating food and drinking any caffeinated beverage for 3 h before the experiment. Participants were also forbidden to drink alcohol for 48 h before the experiment.
Participants rested for 15 minutes and then took the orthostatic tolerance test composed of a 2-minute sitting position and a 2-minute standing position. After the orthostatic tolerance test, participants performed 15-minute interventions: sedentary, music, bicycling and bicycling with music sessions in a random order on four separate days. After each session, participants took the orthostatic tolerance test again. HR and BP measurement and HRV analysis were performed during the orthostatic tolerance test.
Measurement of heart rate, blood pressure and autonomic nervous system activity
HR, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and HRV indices, indicating autonomic nervous system activity, were measured in the orthostatic tolerance test before and after each session. HR was measured by ECG, and BP was measured by upper-arm type automatic sphygmomanometer. HRV indices were measured by the software program "Kiritsu-Meijin" (Crosswell, Yokohama, Japan), which is used for the assessment of automatic reflexes in the orthostatic tolerance test. Electrocardiographic R signals were obtained at 1,000 Hz, and arrhythmias or artifacts were detected and deleted automatically by the software. We checked that all electrographic wave from were saved in the software and confirmed the accuracy of the preprocessed data. HRV indices were obtained from HR using the MEM. Since the MEM does not depend on stationary data and makes it possible to assess autonomic nervous activity based on a short-term R-R interval, it has been used to assess dynamic or phasic autonomic changes during and after exercise [21–23]. The software we used provides reliable analysis of the HRV over a minimum interval of 30 seconds. Average values for one minute just before and after standing up were used as the values in the sitting position, respectively. The coefficient of variation of the R-R interval (CVRR) was determined by dividing the standard deviation (SD) of the R-R intervals by the mean (M) R-R interval. CVRR is used as an index of overall autonomic nervous system activity [24]. For frequency analysis, HF and LF were extracted[25]. HF is an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity, and the ratio of LF to HF (L/H) is an index of sympathetic nervous system activity [26–28]. We also evaluated the change in the magnitude of autonomic nervous system activity (ΔCVRR) and sympathetic nervous system activity (ΔL/H) when the participants stood up in the orthostatic tolerance test. We calculated a component coefficient of variance HF (CCVHF; √HF/average (RR)×100), a component coefficient of variance LF (CCVLF; √LF/average(RR)×100) and the norm component coefficient of variance HF (normCCVHF; CCVHF/(CCVHF+CCVLF)×100). We also evaluated the change in the magnitude of parasympathetic nervous system activity ratio (ΔnormCCVHF) while the participants maintained the standing position in the orthostatic tolerance test.
Statistical analysis
Data are expressed as means and standard error of means (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data were evaluated by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; session × time) with post hoc analysis employing a Students' paired t-test between the pre- and post-intervention and between the sitting and standing position and a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons among the groups. Statistical significance was accepted when P-values were < 0.05.
HR, SBP and DBP in the sitting position
Table 1 summarizes the values of HR, SBP and DBP in the sitting position before and after the interventions. HR did not change after the interventions in the sedentary session, and the post-intervention HR tended to be lower compared with the pre-intervention in the music session, but not significant (P = 0.058). On the other hand, the post-intervention HR was significantly higher compared with pre-intervention in the bicycling session and the bicycling with music session (P < 0.001, respectively). The effect of interventions on the post-intervention HR was significant (F (3,100) = 11.191, P < 0.001). The post-intervention HR in the bicycling session was significantly higher compared with the sedentary session and the music session (P < 0.01, respectively). Similarly, the post-intervention HR in the bicycling with music session was significantly higher compared with the sedentary session (P < 0.05) and the music session (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the post-intervention HR between the bicycling session and the bicycling with music session. With regard to SBP and DBP, there were no differences not only between before and after the interventions but also among the sessions.
HRV indices in the sitting position
Fig 2 and S1 Table show the values of the HRV indices in the sitting position before and after the interventions. There were no differences in CVRR between before and after the interventions but also among the sessions (Fig 2A). The post-intervention HF was significantly higher compared with the pre-intervention in the music session (P < 0.01), while it was significantly lower compared with the pre-intervention in the bicycling session (P < 0.01) (Fig 2B). The effect of interventions on the post-intervention HF was significant (F (3,100) = 5.108, P < 0.01). The post-intervention HF in the bicycling session was also significantly lower compared with that in the music session (P < 0.05) (Fig 2B). In the bicycling with music session, there was no difference in HF between before and after the intervention (Fig 2B). With regard to L/H, there were no significant differences not only between before and after the intervention but also among the sessions (Fig 2C).
Graphs show changes in CVRR (A), HF (B) and L/H (C) in the sitting position between before and after intervention among the four sessions. CVRR: Coefficient of Variation of R-R Interval; HF: High Frequency Power; L/H: Low Frequency Power/High Frequency Power. ** P < 0.01 vs the sedentary session; ‡ P < 0.05 vs the music session. Data are expressed as means and SEM.
Changes in HR and SBP when standing up
Fig 3 shows changes in HR and SBP when standing up from the sitting position. HR was significantly increased when standing up both before and after the interventions in all sessions (Fig 3A and 3B). SBP did not change when standing up both before and after the interventions in all sessions (Fig 3C and 3D).
Graphs show changes in HR and SBP when standing up from the sitting position in the pre-intervention (A, C) and post-intervention (B, D). HR: Heart Rate; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.01 vs the sitting position. Data are expressed as means and SEM.
Fig 4 shows the difference (Δ) between the sitting position and the standing position with regard to HR (ΔHR) and SBP (ΔSBP). There were no significant differences in ΔHR not only between before and after the intervention but also among the sessions (Fig 4A). There were no significant differences in ΔSBP between before and after the intervention in all sessions. The post-intervention ΔSBP in the bicycling session was significantly lower compared with the music session (Fig 4B).
Graphs show changes in ΔHR (A) and ΔSBP (B) between the sitting position and the standing position before and after the interventions. HR: Heart Rate; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; ΔHR: the difference of HR between in the sitting position and the standing position; ΔSBP: the difference of SBP between in the sitting position and the standing position. ‡ P < 0.05 vs the music session. Data are expressed as means and SEM.
Changes in HRV indices when standing up
Fig 5 shows the values ΔCVRR, ΔL/H and ΔnormCCVHF between before and after the interventions. There were no differences in ΔCVRR between before and after the intervention in all sessions (Fig 5A). The effect of interventions on ΔCVRR was significant (F (3,100) = 11.107, P < 0.001). The post-intervention ΔCVRR in the bicycling session was significantly lower compared with the sedentary session and the music session (P < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the post-intervention ΔCVRR in the bicycling with music session was significantly lower compared with the sedentary session (P < 0.01) and the music session (P < 0.01) (Fig 5A). With regard to ΔL/H and ΔnormCCVHF, there were no differences not only between before and after the interventions but also among the sessions (Fig 5B and 5C, respectively).
Graphs show changes in ΔCVRR (A), ΔL/H (B) and ΔnormCCVHF (C) between before and after the interventions. ΔCVRR: change in magnitudes of autonomic nervous activity; ΔL/H: change in sympathetic nervous activity; ΔnormCCVHF: change in magnitudes of a parasympathetic nervous activity ratio; CCVHF: component coefficient of variance HF. Data are expressed as means and SEM.
The present study is the first to investigate the effect of music on the autonomic nervous system activity as inferred from HRV indices in the orthostatic tolerance test after exercise. Our major findings were that the HF value was not significantly different between before and after exercise with music during exercise, while it decreased after exercise without music. Additionally, we demonstrated that changes in HR, SBP and HRV indices when standing up in the orthostatic tolerance test were not altered by either music or exercise. These results support our hypothesis that music elicits parasympathetic nervous activity after exercise, without changing the orthostatic tolerance.
The post-intervention HF was significantly increased compared with pre-intervention in the music session, although it was not changed in the sedentary session. According to the literature, HF is reported to be lower or the same during music listening compared with silence [8, 29–31], not consistent with our result. These studies, however, evaluated HF during music listening, not after listening. In contrast to these studies, the soft music increased HF after music listening in young, healthy participants [9], consistent with our result. Thus, our results suggest that music increased parasympathetic nervous system activity, at least after listening. Additionally, previous studies have shown that quiet music increases parasympathetic activity [8], particularly when listening to the favorite music of participants' own choice [32] or when listening to the same music repeatedly [8, 33]. These factors may have induced a marked increase in parasympathetic activity after listening to music in the present study.
Post-exercise HF was significantly lower than pre-exercise in the study, consistent with a previous study that demonstrated HRV indices using the frequency analysis of HRV following exercise and recovery [34]. By contrast, HF did not change after exercise while listening to music. These results suggest that music attenuated the exercise-induced decrease in parasympathetic activity after exercise. There are few reports examining the effects of the combination of music and exercise on autonomic nervous system activity. However, in contrast to our findings, music was shown to have no influence on the exercise-induced decrease in parasympathetic activity [35, 36].It is possible that differences in the type of music listened to may contribute to these discrepancies. For example, previous studies asked participants to listen music of their choice, but the genre and tempo of the music did not matter [35, 36], while we asked participants to listen to their favorite slow and quiet music. Music consists of various components, including melody, rhythm and harmony, and this complexity may cause differences in parasympathetic nervous system activity in response to it.
L/H did not change with or without both music and exercise in the present study. There are numerous inconsistent results have been reported regarding L/H [9, 29, 31, 32, 35, 37]. Furthermore, there was no enhancement of post-exercise L/H in our study. It has previously been shown that exercise increased sympathetic nervous system activity, which remained elevated after 15 minutes of recovery [38]. However, aerobic exercise, which has an intensity lower than the anaerobic threshold, does not increase sympathetic activity, but markedly decreases parasympathetic activity [39]. As the level of exercise intensity in this study was equivalent to an approximate score of 13 on Borg's index (i.e., moderate), sympathetic nervous system activity was not increased. Additionally, previous studies have shown that sympathetic activity is increased after exercise when listening to music before and after exercise [36], rather than during exercise. Thus, the effects of music on sympathetic nervous activity after exercise may be because of changes that occur on the initial listen. The results that music increased HF and did not change L/H after exercise suggest that music may accelerate to shift the autonomic nervous system activity towards parasympathetic dominance after exercise.
The present study examined for the first time the effect of music on orthostatic tolerance with or without exercise. Orthostasis, a disturbance of the hemodynamic conditions, evokes transient central hypovolemia, which results in a sudden drop of arterial BP. Normally, BP is restored immediately by increasing HR and peripheral vascular resistance, which is mediated neuronally and hormonally [40–42]. HR increased and SBP did not change before and after the intervention in all sessions in the present study. Both music and exercise did not significantly affect not only HR and SBP but also HRV indices in the orthostatic test. In this study, music significantly increased HF after intervention, and significantly attenuated the decrease in HF after exercise. There was the concern that a music-induced increase in HF deteriorates the orthostatic intolerance related to exercise, resulting in frequent orthostatic hypotension. The results, however, suggest that the music does not significantly alter the post-exercise orthostatic tolerance.
This study has several limitations. The participants in this study were young and healthy, and it remains unclear whether the same responses exist in older people and patients. Furthermore, we did not measure autonomic nervous system activity during exercise, and the effects of long-term combination therapy with music and exercise on autonomic nervous activity remain unknown. If the results of our study in healthy adults are true of older people and patients, we will be able to establish combination therapy with music and exercise as a new component of rehabilitation programs for them. Additional studies are required to further understand the effects of a combination of music with exercise on autonomic nervous system activity.
In conclusion, we have demonstrated that music attenuates the exercise-induced decrease in HRV indices related to parasympathetic nervous system activity, without altering the orthostatic tolerance after exercise. Music may be an effective approach for improving post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, resulting in a faster recovery and a reduction in cardiac stress after exercise.
Supporting Information
S1 Table. Absolute and normalized values of HRV indices in the sitting position.
The authors thank all the volunteers from Tohoku University Graduate School for participating in the experiment.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: TTJ YO MM. Performed the experiments: TTJ. Analyzed the data: TTJ YO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: OI MK. Wrote the paper: YO.
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- 36. Urakawa K, Yokoyama K. Music can enhance exercise-induced sympathetic dominancy assessed by heart rate variability. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine. 2005;206(3):213–8. Epub 2005/06/09. pmid:15942147. doi: 10.1620/tjem.206.213
- 37. Bernardi L, Porta C, Sleight P. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory changes induced by different types of music in musicians and non-musicians: the importance of silence. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2006;92(4):445–52. Epub 2005/10/04. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2005.064600 pmid:16199412; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc1860846.
- 38. Terziotti P, Schena F, Gulli G, Cevese A. Post-exercise recovery of autonomic cardiovascular control: a study by spectrum and cross-spectrum analysis in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001;84(3):187–94. Epub 2001/04/26. doi: 10.1007/s004210170003 pmid:11320634.
- 39. Billman GE. The effect of heart rate on the heart rate variability response to autonomic interventions. Front Physiol. 2013;4:222. Epub 2013/08/30. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00222 pmid:23986716; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3752439.
- 40. Victor RG, Leimbach WN Jr. Effects of lower body negative pressure on sympathetic discharge to leg muscles in humans. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md: 1985). 1987;63(6):2558–62. Epub 1987/12/01. pmid:3436888.
- 41. Ogoh S, Volianitis S, Nissen P, Wray DW, Secher NH, Raven PB. Carotid baroreflex responsiveness to head-up tilt-induced central hypovolaemia: effect of aerobic fitness. The Journal of physiology. 2003;551(Pt 2):601–8. Epub 2003/06/19. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.046029 pmid:12813144; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc2343210.
- 42. Fu Q, Witkowski S, Levine BD. Vasoconstrictor reserve and sympathetic neural control of orthostasis. Circulation. 2004;110(18):2931–7. Epub 2004/10/27. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000146384.91715.b5 pmid:15505093.


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CHICAGO — No longer do colorful leaves and cooler temperatures signal the start of fall — but rather a proliferation of pumpkin-flavored products on menus.
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Skip to comments.Saddams WMDs: The Lefts Iraq Lies Exposed
Posted on 06/23/2014 2:37:18 AM PDT by markomalley
The recent turmoil in Iraq brought on by the rise of the Sunni extremist group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has ironically struck a blow to the American Lefts endlessly repeated narrative that there were no weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) in Iraq prior to the war. The State Department and other U.S. government officials have revealed that ISIS now occupies the Al Muthanna Chemicals Weapons Complex. Al Muthanna was Saddam Husseins primary chemical weapons facility, and it is located less than 50 miles from Baghdad.
The Obama administration claims that the weapons in that facility, which include sarin, mustard gas, and nerve agent VX, manufactured to prosecute the war against Iran in the 1980s, do not pose a threat because they are old, contaminated and hard to move. We do not believe that the complex contains CW materials of military value and it would be very difficult, if not impossible to safely move the materials, said State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki.
The administrations dubious rationale is based on information provided by the Iraq Study Group, which was tasked with finding WMDs in the wars aftermath. They found the chemical weapons at Al Muthanna, but they determined that both Iraq wars and inspections by the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) had successfully dismantled the facility, and that the remaining chemical weapons were rendered useless and sealed in bunkers. The report called the weapons facility a wasteland full of destroyed chemical munitions, razed structures, and unusable war-ravaged facilities, the 2004 report stated.
Yet other sections of the same report were hardly reassuring. Stockpiles of chemical munitions are still stored there, it stated. The most dangerous ones have been declared to the UN and are sealed in bunkers. Although declared, the bunkers contents have yet to be confirmed. It added, These areas of the compound pose a hazard to civilians and potential black-marketers.
Another report paints an even more disturbing picture of the Muthanna facility. It warned that the number and status of Saddams sarin-filled rockets was unknown because facilities were not able to be inspected, leaving investigators only able to surmise about the weapons condition. Even in degraded conditions, the report said, these rockets still posed a proliferation risk:
Although the damaged Bunker 13 at Muthanna contained thousands of sarin-filled rockets, the presence of leaking munitions and unstable propellant and explosive charges made it too hazardous for UNSCOM inspectors to enter. Because the rockets could not be recovered safely, Iraq declared the munitions in Bunker 13 as destroyed in the Gulf War and they were not included in the inventory of chemical weapons eliminated under UNSCOM supervision.
Because of the hazardous conditions in Bunker 13, UNSCOM inspectors were unable to make an accurate inventory of its contents before sealing the entrances in 1994. As a result, no record exists of the exact number or status of the sarin-filled rockets remaining in the bunker. In the worst-case scenario, the munitions could contain as much as 15,000 liters of sarin. Although it is likely that the nerve agent has degraded substantially after nearly two decades of storage under suboptimal conditions, UNMOVIC cautioned that the levels of degradation of the sarin fill in the rockets cannot be determined without exploring the bunker and taking samples from intact warheads. If the sarin remains highly toxic and many of the rockets are still intact, they could pose a proliferation risk.
Nonetheless, U.S. officials, who claimed they were well aware of the facility insisted that the United States wouldnt have left it there if it were a genuine threat. They also continued to stress that the takeover by ISIS doesnt constitute a military gain by the group because the weapons would prove useless, even if ISIS were able to penetrated the sealed bunkers where they are stored. ISIS has reportedly yet to gain access to the bunkers.
However, there are numerous holes in these assessments. The Obama administration, eager to leave a sovereign, stable, and self-reliant Iraq as the president described it in 2011, paid little heed to the prospect of large swaths of that nation being overrun by terrorists who have taken over key cities and military bases, and confiscated sophisticated American military equipment in the process. One defense official conceded as much, telling the Wall Street Journal that had they known the Maliki government would lose control so soon, they might not have left the weapons behind. And Psakis contention that the weapons could not be moved safely even by terrorists is hardly reassuring when one considers the reality that ISIS uses suicide bombings as one of it chief military tactics.
A far more critical consideration is the possibility that many of the Iraqi Sunnis who have joined ISIS due in large part to their alienation by the Shiite-dominated government of Nouri al-Maliki are comprised of former Saddam Hussein loyalists, some of whom may have working knowledge of the chemical weapons stored at Al Muthanna. Former WMD specialist Paul Perrone extrapolated on where such working knowledge might lead. Im more concerned with the prospect that these Muslim terrorists have access to formulas or precursors that would enable them to create their own WMD, he warned.
The latest revelations on the details of Saddams weapons stockpile, now potentially in the hands of Sunni radicals, affirm the Bush administrations characterization of Iraq as a territory situated in a hotbed of radicalism, flooded with a bevy of highly dangerous weapons and overseen by a criminal rogue regime. Indeed, the WMDs are to say nothing of the Hussein governments nuclear weapons program, also put to a stop by intervention in Iraq. In 2008, American and Iraqi officials had completed nearly the last chapter in dismantling Saddam Husseins nuclear program with the removal of hundreds of tons of natural uranium from the countrys main nuclear site, the New York Times reported. Approximately 600 tons of yellowcake was removed from the Tuwaitha facility, the main site for Iraqs nuclear program. According to global security.org, uranium enrichment levels of 95 percent were achieved at the Tuwaitha facility. That site was also the location of the Osirak nuclear reactor destroyed by Israel in 1981.
And in what sounded like a harbinger of the future, the Times noted that although the yellowcake could not be used in its current form to produce a nuclear device or dirty bomb, the unstable environment in Iraq necessitated its removal, lest it fall into the wrong hands. In an updated correction to the article, the Times notes that the Osriak nuclear reactor theoretically produced plutonium, which can fuel an atomic bomb.
The Left dismissed this reality by claiming the yellowcake had been in Iraq prior to 1991 and thus was not the same yellowcake Bush referred to in his 2003 State of the Union address as part of his justification for invading Iraq. Led by former ambassador Joseph C. Wilson IV, the emboldened anti-war Left attempted to turn the claim into a scandal saying that Bush knowingly lied to the American public regarding Iraqs effort to procure yellowcake from Niger.
Ultimately, Wilson and his story were thoroughly discredited a year later by a Senate Select Committee report, which further noted that President Bush had been fully justified in including the infamous 16 words regarding that intelligence in his speech. Moreover the left has never bothered to explain why yellowcake procured before 1991 was any less dangerous in terms of its WMD potential, given Saddam Husseins regular defiance of international law also enunciated by Bush as one of the primary reasons for deposing him.
In 2010, documents procured by Wikileaks revealed more information on the WMD threat posed by Iraq that was known to the government. The self-described whistleblowers, who could hardly be called pro-war, released 392,000 military reports from Iraq that revealed several instances of American encounters with potential WMDs or their manufacture. These included 1200 gallons of a liquid mustard agent in Samarra that tested positive for a blister agent; tampering by large earth movers thought to be attempting to penetrate the bunkers at Muthanna; the discovery of a chemical lab and a chemical cache in Fallujah; and the discovery of a cache of weapons hidden at an Iraqi Community Watch checkpoint with 155MM rounds that subsequently tested positive for mustard.
Foreign involvement with WMDs in Iraq was documented as well. A war log from January 2006 speaks of 50 neuroparalytic projectiles smuggled into Iraq from Iran via Al Basrah; Syrian chemical weapons specialists who came in to support the chemical weapons operations of Hizballah Islami (Hezbollah); and an Al Qaeda chemical weapons expert from Saudi Arabia sent to assist 200 individuals awaiting an opportunity to attack coalition forces with Sarin. As Wired Magazine characterized it, the Wikileaks documents revealed that for several years after the initial invasion, U.S. troops continued to find chemical weapons labs, encounter insurgent specialists in toxins and uncover weapons of mass destruction.
Left-wing members in Congress were certainly aware of these threats and more posed by the Hussein regime, which lead them to unanimously authorize war and even vocally champion its necessity. Their assessment was based on nothing less than the very intelligence known to the Bush administration at the time. Secretary of State John Kerry, as a member of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations before war was authorized, said, Theres no question in my mind that Saddam Hussein has to be toppled one way or another, but the question is how and that there was likewise no question that Hussein continues to pursue weapons of mass destruction, and his success can threaten both our interests in the region and our security at home.
Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton intoned in 2002:
In the four years since the inspectors left, intelligence reports show that Saddam Hussein has worked to rebuild his chemical and biological weapons stock, his missile delivery capability, and his nuclear program. He has also given aid, comfort, and sanctuary to terrorists, including Al Qaeda members It is clear, however, that if left unchecked, Saddam Hussein will continue to increase his capacity to wage biological and chemical warfare, and will keep trying to develop nuclear weapons.
Justifying her well-known position, Clinton said later said in a 2003 interview with Code Pink, I ended up voting for the resolution after carefully reviewing the information, intelligence that I had available, talking with people whose opinions I trusted I would love to agree with [Code Pink], but I cant, based on my own understanding and assessment of the situation.
However, these statements were made in the wake of 9/11 when Democrats sensed hawkishness was the key to their political fortunes. A few short years later, sabotaging the war that they had started and betraying the troops that they had sent to the field was where Democrats political futures lied. Hillary Clinton, John Kerry and others made this transition through a blatant campaign of deceit that went virtually unchallenged by the media. Clinton, for example, averred on the campaign trail, [I]f we had known then what we know now there never would have been a vote and I never would have voted to give this President that authority and claimed that she didnt know that her vote for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002″ was a vote for war.
The con is still on going. In September of last year, Secretary Kerry brazenly asserted that he and Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel had opposed the presidents decision to go into Iraq and that evidence was used to persuade all of us that authority ought to be given. Chuck Hagel, in fact, also voted in favor of the war before jumping ship, forsaking the lost lives he squandered in the field and joining with the hard left. As for the manipulated evidence canard cited by Kerry, the latest details of Saddams WMD stockpile something there can be no doubt that the Secretary of State was aware of exposes yet again the lefts great deception on the danger of Hussein and the motivation behind the Iraq war.
And now ISIS, disowned by al Qaeda for being even more ruthless than it is, controls a chemical facility containing contents declared destroyed because they couldnt be recovered safely, along with bunkers containing contents yet to be confirmed. And an administration with an unparalleled facility for lying assures us everything will be fine because the chemical weapons have no useful military value and cant be moved safely. As with the rest of the Lefts handling of Iraq, this is an analysis that no one should have faith in.
Permit a small eye roll at the thought that people who have zero problem in murdering, raping, and torturing others and blowing themselves up are even mildly concerned about moving CW safely.
If bunkers can be sealed, they can also be unsealed.
Just sayin'...
When given the opportunity in the Fox interview why didn't Dick Cheney speak of these findings.
That's what I don't get. WTH?
If a tree falls in the forest and there is no one nearby, does the tree make a sound?
The mainstream media is not reporting this story, just as it is not reporting Lerner's hard drive crash and many other stories that debunk the prevailing progressive talking points. The only people hearing this "news" are those who disagree with the administration. The vast majority of the people are more concerned with the antics of the Kardashians than what is happening to their nation.
Quite frankly, we are at the end of the Republic because the majority of the people just don't care. They are ready for dictatorship and they are going to get it.
I had a good bud on the UN inspection team that told me years ago the WMDs were there but mostly shuttled to Syria. The inspection team also had a mole to keep them one step behind in locating said items before they were removed. The decision was made to let them go because we would have had to declare war on Syrian terrorist and another front would have been a problem.
WMD? Mustard gas (WWI)? C'mon man, we weren't going to go to war over mustard!
"Nuclear Weapons" are WMDs. (weapons of MASS destruction). That was the justification used, nukes! There is no proof that they were even capable of making nuclear weapons, let alone be able to deliver them any real distance.
We went to war over mustard and yellow cake? (Yellow cake from Niger was a hoax used to scare us into war).
"Bush lied, thousands died" turns out to be a true statement.
I think the assassination plot against his dad (Bush 41), had a lot more to do with getting Saddam Hussein than mustard & cake.
The Israelis proved how to deal with the Iraqi nuclear threat............ BOOM!
So, if I can distill some essence here, we have highly extreme
militants in control of potentially deadly chemical weapons. Suppose any of these militants might have backgrounds in biochemical engineering or biochemistry? The fact that they (the weapons)are old and unstable shouldn't be any barrier to success for those willing to sacrifice themselves for the will of allah.
Still being reported as the "False pretense for starting the Iraq war..."
Was the Inspection MOLE that CREEP that got arrested at Burger King for soliticing a 12 year old girl for SEX?? I forget his name, sadly his UGLY face is still in my memory.
"People say we're not fighting for oil. Of course we are."
Then-U.S. Senator Chuck Hagel in 2007
On a positive note, thanks to,Soros' $BILLION campaign against Bush and the "failed" war in Iraq, over a decade ago, the abuse of the US military by Obama, is limited. I would hate for my son to be deployed under this manchurian Commander in Chief doing Qatar's bidding. It would be absolutely shameless for Obama who promised to bring back the troops, to take "neocon" "warmongering" actions for a much less grievious offense than that of 9/11.
Americans have a president beholden to something other than the American people, but the rest of the world has much more to fear than we do. China has the largest investment in oil rigs in Iraq, most nations have fragile economies that will go into oil shock if prices rise. EU is completely dependent on Russian energy, and Russia has allegiance with the cartels. The African killings of entire villages and anyone Christian, by Islamists, is a future possibility for many countries, with Muslim populations that exceed native ones in many cities. UAE nations have groomed and coddled their little Islamic Revolutionaries, and they they are independently wealthy monsters thanks to the drug trade. They will turn on the caliphates in a Dubai minute. I have doubt they bought and paid for Obama via Soros and other bankers. They will pay a heavy price and their is no reason for our boys to defend them.
Thanks to foreign operatives such as Soros who slandered and maligned the actions of former President Bush and install their candidate over a decade ago, it wont be American military getting killed to stop a monster too many nations and institutions were complicit with.
If Obama wants to send troops back there to protect the world from 25 year old sarin gas leaking out of old shells, he will be laughed back to wherever he came from.
Hard to believe you haven't been zotted yet.
Your posting history is quite telling.
Add me to your ping list please. Thanks
WoW!...the way I explained it was..."...these people don't deserve to be free!"
As if you actually ever knew...
FWIW Bush cited Hussein's continued violation of UN resolutions as the justification for invading Iraq. The WMDs were a supporting point.
I know you're a liberal because everything in your post is based on self-delusion, political lies and historical revisionism.
Mustard gas and sarin are both WMDs.
"A "weapon of mass destruction" (WMD or WoMD) is a nuclear, radiological, biological, chemical or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to man-made structures (e.g. buildings), natural structures (e.g. mountains), or the biosphere. The scope and application of the term has evolved and been disputed, often signifying more politically than technically. Coined in reference to aerial bombing with chemical explosives, it has come to distinguish large-scale weaponry of other technologies, such as chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear. This differentiates the term from more technical ones such as chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (CBRN).
Liberals lie, Americans die. See Gulf of Tonkin staged event leading to congressional resolution in 1964 giving Lyndon Johnson his war in SE Asia.
No doubt. Typical liberal spew - when their pretense is obliterated, they change the pretense. First no WMDs, then when WMDs are found they claim that they don't cause massive enough destruction and the meaning of the term should be modified to fit their agenda.
CX, Mustard and Sarin are definitely WMDs, they cause mass destruction to troops - the more troops in harm's way, the more destruction.
It is sad really - that so many people can't think critically.
faucetman, everything in Justa's post is correct, but he/she don't go far enough. Even more so than actual stockpiles of WMD's, Bush was concerned with WMD programs. Such a program is more dangerous than actual stockpiles of weapons. Weapons without a program are a finite threat; once used, they are gone. With a WMD program in place, Hussein could have produced more weapons.
The talking point of the lefties was that no such programs existed. Now, we find out that the ISIS muzzies are taking over a chemical weapons factory? You mean that's not a WMD program? What reality do you live in? (Not to mention that there are nuclear reactors, such as the Osirik one that are capable of producing plutonium, which could be used for nuclear weapons. That would certainly also seem to qualify as a WMD program.)
That part I can agree with. As for the rest, pure libspeak BS.
If Kerry ever catches Obama off the golf course he should remind him that as the leader of the anti war movement in Vietnam, and his opposition to the war in Iraq, after approving the war in 2002, has left Kerry with zero credibility especially among the armed forces. He has business being in Iraq now.
"My belief is that service in this tyrannical regime only advances interests contrary to the United States. In other words the military is being misused and abused against the interests of the United States. "
That's exactly what has happened..
Famed author Seymour Hersh, clearly documents Obama's illlegal use of the US military to support the Muslim Brotherhood, and Al Qaeda, in his book, "The Red Line, and The Rat Line.
Seeds of Terror
How heroin is bankrolling the Taliban and al Qaeda.
Drug shipments off of Africa have "significantly increased since 2009"
Drug trafficking, kidnapping fund al Qaeda
By Rachel Ehrenfeld, Special to CNN
May 4, 2011
Qatar used as transit point by drug traffickers: Expert 2013
Obama released high risk terrorists to the care of Qatar. This is the same country that the US established for Taliban headquarters in 2011.
Islamic Revolutionaries under any name you google are tied to the Heroin trade along with most other drugs, as well as human trafficking.
Heroin production hits record levels in Afghanistan - study
The horrific toll of America's heroin 'epidemic'
CONFIRMED: The DEA Struck A Deal With Mexico's Most Notorious Drug Cartel (They claimed feds agreed they could traffic into Chicago)
more: http://www.businessinsider.com/the-us-government-and-the-sinaloa-cartel-2014-1#ixzz30wXEcHSl
The link between drugs and crime, including violent crime, would be hard to overstate in Chicago. Eighty-six percent of adult males arrested in Chicago last year tested positive for drug use. Chicago, with a population of 2.7 million, had 506 murders in 2012, the highest per capita among the four most populous U.S. cities.
These reports have been buried: "Opiates are now the leading cause of accidental deaths, surpassing car crashes and alcohol"
The SEC sees no evil while Wall Street banks launder $BILLIONS in cartel
money. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/03/us-bank-mexico-drug-gangs
JP Morgan openly launders money in cities such as Caracas, Venezuela. Chavez turned that nation into one of the biggest drug distributors of the world. The people have no toilet paper, but they have plenty of cocaine.
DEA has been caught laundering money as well, "Agency officials declined to publicly discuss details of their work, citing concerns about compromising their investigations." How convenient?
Banks Laundering Cartel Drug Money
wow. thanks.
Not aware of that connection. The mole was there so that mobile WMD labs could move a day or more ahead of the inspection team's arrival. The Col said they always seemed to know our schedule and time of arrival. Most of the lab's simply went to Syria to escape detection.
A good hit there...
According to the left, thousands of sarin filled artillery shells is equal to no WMD. What absolute scumbags and poor excuses for humans these slime balls are.
Because the US wanted to bomb WMD facilities in Syria and Iran. They would not have been able to do that if the world discovered that bombing the facilities results in the WMD still being there and it makes them impossible to safely move and discard. Not to mention it will kill the people living nearby.
And that number grows every day.
We need a photoshop whiz to combine the Oh Jeez guy with the nuke so his head explodes.
Because we sure seem to have flown a whole lot of 'hoax' out of the sandbox. And sometimes the Aw Geez guy or a hydrogen bomb just isn't enough on their own to cover the magnificence of the stupid the Cheshire Conservatives display.
But by their powers combined...well, now we're talkin!
Yes, I wish. My go-to guy isn't here anymore. I really miss him.
Got anyone in mind? The gif as you describe it would be a classic.
KC Lion maybe? Dunno for sure. He's a big pic guy. If not he might know someone.
Chemical weapons are not WMD's? Okay. Whatever.
Good zot.
Falsely named troll poster JohnGalt, is that you?
Three mustard gas shells were rigged as IEDs, and a sarin shell was rigged as an IED.
IF those weapons didn't exist, as you leftists claimed, how did they get there?
ONE shell is proof.
Same line of BS used by a troll named "JohnGalt".
I'd say: retread.
This needs its own thread!!!!
Connects lotsa dots.....
Reminds me of an editor I once worked with and mention occasionally on these threads.
In a nutshell, the soldiers who returned with stories of finding, working with and shipping out WMDs were merely seeking attention.
Thats the mentality at work.
BOOM! Exactly what he deserved. Looking at a little bit of his history he's been on the wrong site for quite some time.
A Paulite calling FReepers liars because he considers Rand a conservative, he can take the 0bama loving Rand with him.
Well the romney fans are back in force and the paul fans are still pressing him for president. Everything old is new again.
Hey, Tex! Nice to see you.
JimRob did the ZOT BOOM! in Post #30.
Justa upthread at Post #19 defined WMDs, and chemical weapons are definitely WMDs.
The logic disconnect is amazing.
The Polish military contingent there found some stuff.
Air defense surface to air missiles that Iraq was banned from having, made in France, and shipped in around the same time we hit the place
I seem to recall some group having found an empty chemical shell that was ready to have the chemicals added to it.
It had the green band etc..
Several FReepers have expressed surprise at his amazing longevity here. He's a Class of 2008, and been here over 5-1/2 years.
Definitely decloaked and flamed out. Probably trying for a ZOT for a while now.
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I've been trying to put an image on a page and then link to an iframe and use your lightbox. I want the ligthbox to open when I click on the image. I have moved the code all around and still have not been successful. Can any help with the code?
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This is Jerry. If ever there was a fun-loving dog, Jerry is it! Jerry's family had to surrender him due to an impending move out of the country that prevented his going with them. Jerry is 8 years old, in good health, very happy, and gets along well with other dogs and children. Don't let Jerry's new hairstyle fool you – shaved! He is one sweet Golden boy. If you would like to foster or adopt Jerry, please call us at 904-868-3308, email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, or send us a message on our Facebook page. Jerry is a great dog and very excited about finding a new home!
BUBBA UPDATE: Bubba's eye infection is much better as he continues treatment. BUBBA WOULD LOVE TO HAVE A FOSTER HOME!! PLEASE CALL US IF YOU CAN OPEN YOUR HEART AND HOME TO FOSTER THIS SWEET BOY.
Please welcome Bubba! Bubba is an 8 year old male Golden Retriever mix who is very sweet and minds very well. Bubba is great with kids and with other dogs and cats. He has an eye issue right now, but it should be cleared up soon. Because of the very matted condition of his coat, he had to be shaved, but he should be back to gorgeous soon when it grows out! We have learned from our veterinarian that he has heartworms so he will be undergoing treatment for that soon. Bubba is looking for someone to open their heart and home to foster him. If you think you might be able to foster him, please either call us at 904-868-3308, email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, or send us a message on our Facebook page. He is a sweetheart!
Say Hi to Harley, a sweet, 13 year old female Golden Retriever. Her mom said she knows Harley is usually a boy's name, but she really likes the name! Harley has an eye infection that is affecting her vision, but she's being treated. She has a large build, about 100 lbs., but is very sweet and very active. She loves her toys and her bed and would prefer to be in a home where someone is there most of the time, as she's always had her mom at home. Her mom is very sick and no longer able to care for her. Harley doesn't seem to care so much for small dogs, but likes the cat where she lives (not sure how she feels about larger dogs). Her mom decided to give her a haircut with scissors at home, so that's why her pretty cut looks a bit choppy right now. It'll grow! If you think you might be interested in giving Miss Harley a foster home (or permanent home), please call us at 904-868-3308, email us at email@example.com, or send us a message on our Facebook page. Harley is anxious about finding her new home. She is currently boarding at one of our rescue veterinarian clinics.
We are hoping to find someone who would like to foster Ghost permanently for Coastal. We will pay all of Ghost's required medical costs for the rest of his life. Ghost is 12 years old and very, very sweet. He is blind, but that has not dampened his spirit or hindered his activity. Please call us at 904-868-3308 if you have space in your heart and home for this precious Golden Retriever.
We are bringing in two beautiful Goldens tomorrow and would like to know if anyone would be interested and able to foster one or both after they have been vetted and groomed. There is one senior boy named Ghost who is 12 and is Jabba's dad. We have been told that he is blind. The other Golden is a 3 year old male whose name is Jabba. These fellas have lived with kids, cats and dogs with no issues. They have been living in their backyard it seems, but after this week, the owners will have moved away with no way to care for these angels. Help us give these guys a new home!!!! Call 904-868-3308, email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, or message us on FB. Call or write if you have space in your heart and home!
Coastal would like to introduce Maddie to everyone. Maddie is a 12 year old male whose "mom" is very ill and can no longer care for him. A hard decision for her for sure. Maddie is a big, strong boy (95 lbs.), very sweet and energetic, so would do best in a good sized yard and with someone strong to walk him. Maddie was the owner's husband's dog and really enjoys being around men. As a special bonus, Maddie was trained as a service dog for his owner (the husband who has since passed away). If you would like more information on this sweet boy, please send us a message, call Brenda at (904) 868-3308 or email her at email@example.com. Maddie would love to have a new furever home. These two photos show a younger Maddie and one of him today.
***NEWS FLASH!!!! Riley and Cooper are being adopted together – just in time for Christmas. We are thrilled for these sweet, adorable brothers. Thank you to the Oakes family.***
We're getting two furry elves for Christmas at Coastal! Say hi to Cooper and Riley, 9 month old Golden Retriever brothers. Their mom has had them since July, but just learned that her new job will keep her traveling every week. That's no life for active pups, so she called Coastal to find new homes. It would be wonderful to keep these cuties together, but we realize that may not be possible. These guys will be neutered, vaccinated, and microchipped this week and then will be ready to go! Aside from being active puppies, they are loving, patient, and listen well according to their current owner. No issues – they get along with other dogs, cats, children and generally, all people. Although they are not crate trained, they are housebroken! An adoption application will be required (www.coastalgrr.org on the forms/fees/policies page). If interested in both or just one of these boys, email us at email@example.com, FB message us, or call 904-868-3308
BELLA – Merry Christmas, Bella! SHE WAS ADOPTED TODAY!! We are thrilled for this sweet girl and wish her many love-filled years.
Sweet Bella is a 5 yr old Tan point Cocker Spaniel, looking for a forever home. She is up to date on all shots and spayed. Wonderful with Kids and Cats. Plays fetch and does tricks for treats. Bella does however want to be an only dog. Bella came to the rescue with a Golden Retriever to be placed and we had thought she had found her happy home; however, she is not getting along with the other dogs in the same residence. She is perfect on a leash or in public around other animals and has been to a couple of our events. Bella deserves the perfect home – she's such a loving girl!! If you are interested in Bella, please apply at http://www.costalgrr.org/, on the forms/fees/policies page and mention Bella. Please let us know if you have any questions.
Say hello to Redd! He is hoping that he will have a really good Christmas in a new furever home. His family is unable to keep him because Redd is hiding from their very young children – a 3 year old and a 6 month old. Apparently, he doesn't like alot of noise and high activity, so he wants to find a quieter home. Redd is about 10 years old and is up to date on all vaccines and in good health. Redd is not a barky boy, so that's a plus. If you would like to meet this beautiful boy (he comes to us Monday, November 30) to foster and/or make him your own, please call Brenda at 904-868-3308 or email/FB message Coastal. An adoption application is required and can be found at www.coastalgrr.org on the forms/fees/policies page.
Benelli has arrived! We welcome 9 month old Benelli to Coastal. His "mother" is in the military and is having to surrender him, as she is moving to Japan and unable to take him. Benelli is cute, sweet, housebroken, current on all vaccines, being neutered today, and looking for a forever home. If you think you might like to foster and/or adopt Benelli, give us a call at 904-868-3308 or send us a message/email. He is still a puppy, so expect an excited boy who needs to be taught not to jump up. Right now, he may be a little too energetic for smaller children, but he's smart and can be trained.
MAE (Mae's foster mom is keeping her!!)
Join us in welcoming Mae back into our rescue! Mae was adopted in December of last year, but is being surrendered due to an unanticipated family situation (the adoptive mom's parents are having to move in with her due to medical issues). But Mae need not worry, as we are certain we will find her another great home! Mae is a beautiful, 7 year old Labradoodle whose only issue is that she has been known to dart out of open doors! Other than that, she's a wonderful pet in every way, up to date on everything, and gets along with everyone. If you think you might like to meet this sweet lady, call us at 904-868-3308 or send us a message/email.
Welcome to Mr. KJ (King James!). This handsome boy came into our rescue today. His family is dealing with some challenges and is no longer able to care for him. We will put a smile back on his face, though, as we are certain there is someone ready to love this boy forever! Mr. KJ is 6 years old and very strong – 95 pounds of muscle. He will need someone who is very active and able to handle his strength. He rides well in a car, loves water, and is good with other dogs; however, he is not fond of cats. Up to date on all vaccines, Mr. KJ is scheduled to be neutered tomorrow. If you would be interested in fostering this handsome fellow (or fostering with the intention of adopting), please call us at 904-868-3308 or send us a message.
Our big bear, Benson, is looking for a permanent foster home – a place where he can live out his days with companionship and love. Coastal will take care of any medical expenses, although he seems to be in good condition. The ideal home for him would be one where his humans do not have to leave him everyday for long periods of time. He just wants to have someone around to love him everyday. If you think your situation would be a match for Benson, and you would be willing to open your heart to this sweetheart, please let us know. Call 904-868-3308 or send us a message – Facebook or our email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Hi! My name is Willow and I'm a Goldendoodle cutie pie. I am 2 years old, love other dogs and kids, and am a little shy. My family is unable to keep me, so they called Coastal, and I am sooooo glad. I'm a good girl, housebroken, crate-trained, and very sweet. I am current on my vaccinations, spayed, and have my very own microchip. If you think you might like to meet me, please go to the forms/fees/policies page on the Coastal website and complete the adoption application. Be sure to tell them Willow sent you!
JAKE – K-9's For Warriors!!!!!!!
We have wonderful news! Jake, our 7 month old male puppy who was just surrendered to Coastal, has been evaluated and accepted into the K-9's for Warriors program in Ponte Vedra, Florida. This is an honor for Jake, and also for Coastal Golden Retriever Rescue! We want to make a difference in the lives of our veterans who have returned from active service, as they begin the next chapter in their lives. Because there are very specific requirements for these service dogs, most of the dogs entering rescue do not qualify due to age, medical issues, and/or behavioral issues. So, we are thrilled for Jake and the warrior with whom he will be matched, as we know both lives will be changed in a positive way and greatly enriched. Congratulations, Jake!!
"K9s For Warriors is dedicated to providing service canines to our warriors suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disability, traumatic brain injury and/or military sexual trauma as a result of military service post 9/11. Our goal is to empower them to return to civilian life with dignity and independence. K9s For Warriors is a tax-exempt 501(C)(3) nonprofit organization."
For those of you who were hoping to make Jake your Golden, we appreciate your interest and know that you understand and appreciate the gift that Jake will be giving his new warrior. There will be other Goldens soon for you to meet, so stay tuned!
Courtesy Post for Dr. Wallace at Doctors Inlet Animal Hospital: We are excited to post two adorable dogs who are looking for their forever homes, as a courtesy for Dr. Wallace at Doctors Inlet Animal Hospital, one of our rescue veterinarians. If you would like more information on either, or both, of these cuties, please call Doctors Inlet AH at 904-264-5222.
CLIFFORD (on the right in the photo) is a 17 month old male who appears to be a Hound and possibly, Rhodesian Ridge…back mix. All muscle, he loves to give kisses and, of course, will do anything for a treat! He plays well with others (K-9 and human) and knows "sit", "shake" and "down". He loves attention and loves to play. He is current on all vaccines and heartworm negative.
ALLIE (on the left in the photo) is a 6 year old Golden and possibly, Border Collie mix. Allie is very sweet, enjoys playing with children, has a beautiful coat, and loves attention. She is current on all vaccines and also heartworm negative. Allie had a wonderful home before coming into rescue, but her elderly "dad" passed away, and there was no one in the family who was able to care for her.
Say howdy to Rusty! What a classic senior Golden boy. Rusty was surrendered by a family who can no longer care for him due to major changes in their lives. He is 11, current on all vaccines, heartworm negative, housebroken, and is overweight. However, his weight should drop quickly, now that he is on thyroid medication. He is very laid back, very sweet, loves other dogs and cats, and is one big love bug. He is at his foster home with his paws crossed that he'll find his forever home soon! If you would like to meet Rusty, please call us at 904-868-3308 or email email@example.com. Adoption applications can be completed at www.coastalgrr.org on the forms/fees/policies page.
Welcome David from South Carolina! David is a beautiful flat coated retriever, probably about 8 years old. We rescued him from a shelter, so we can't be certain of his age. He is up to date on his vaccines, very laid back and a little shy, but as nice as he can be. David is looking for a foster home while we search for a forever home for him. If you have an interest in fostering (or adopting) David, please call us at 904-868-3308 or email us at email@example.com. We would need an application (foster or adoption) completed which can be found on our website at www.coastalgrr.org on the forms/fees/policies page.
This cute little "Princess" is looking for love, definitely in all the right places! Because her family is now going through a lot of turmoil in their life, they can no longer care for her, so they called Coastal, and we're going to find Princess a terrific new home. She is 18 months old, about 55 pounds, light blond, really sweet and very playful. And did we mention that she's also very obedient? She is current on all vaccines, spayed, heartworm negative, and has her own microchip. All she needs now is a furever home, and she'll be content. If you think you might like to bring a Princess into your heart and home, call us at 904-868-3308 or send us a message. An adoption application is required and can be found on our website on the forms/fees/policies page. A short term foster is also needed, so if you are able to assist with that, please complete the foster application on our website.
Meet sweet Carissa. Six years old, sweet as she can be, and looking for a forever home where she can receive the attention she needs and deserves. Carissa is up to date on all vaccines, spayed, and heartworm negative. She would do well in a home alone, or with another large dog as a companion, and certainly with children. She loves children! She would not do well with small dogs or cats. If you think you might like to meet this sweetheart, just go to www.coastalgrr.org to the forms/fees/policies page and complete our adoption application. Be sure to tell us that Carissa is calling your name!!!!
Say hello to Luke! Luke is 8 years old, beautiful as you can see, and looking for a new home. He is very sweet, loves kids, and seems to prefer being the only dog in his home. Because he's afraid of thunderstorms, we are hoping to find someone who is home most of the time so that he doesn't have to go through every storm alone. He is crate-trained, up to date on all vaccines, heartworm negative, neutered, and has a microchip. If you would like to wake up to this precious dog everyday, please give us a call or send us a message. We would require that anyone interested complete an adoption application on our website on the forms/fees/policies page. We hope to hear from you soon!
Everyone keeps calling me cutie, but my real name is LEO!! I'm a 7 month old Lab mix and am getting excited about my new life. My mom is moving and unable to have a dog where she's going, so lucky for me, she called Coastal! I'm at the vet getting vaccines, a microchip, and neutered tomorrow. I NEED A FOSTER FAMILY! If you would like to foster me, I would be so grateful. I am housetrained, crate trained, walk well on a leash, love kids and people, know some basic commands, and am very, very sweet. I'm still a small boy at around 30 pounds, so I won't be any trouble! Just write or call Coastal and tell them you want to foster LEO!!!!
Irvin has arrived and he's ready to play! Irvin came to us from a South Carolina shelter and we think he is about 2 or 3 years old. He is current on his vaccines, housetrained, very friendly and sweet. Irvin would do best in a home that has a fenced yard so he can run off some of his energy. If you would like to foster (or adopt) Irvin, please call us at 904-868-3308 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com A foster application is required and can be found on the forms/fees/policies page of our website.
It surely is spring, as we have yet another Daisey blooming!! This Daisey is not quite a year old and is an English Cream Golden with a bit of Great Pyrenees mixed in – in other words, she is gorgeous! Her family feels they cannot provide a safe environment for her in the very busy neighborhood where they live, as she is an escape artist, so they called us to find her a new home. Daisey loves all people, kids, and other dogs and knows some commands. She is still a puppy, so is hyper and excited a lot of the time. She just needs some attention and exercise. She is current on all vaccines and has her own microchip. Stay tuned as we will share updates we receive from her foster family.
Miss Scarlett has arrived! We welcome 6 year old Scarlett to Coastal. Brought to St. Johns County Animal Services as a stray, Scarlett appears to have been "out" for quite some time. Her family never claimed her, so we will make sure she finds a new, loving home. Scarlett is being spayed this week and has now received all vaccines, a microchip, and is heartworm negative. She has some skin irritations, so will need to have medicated baths at our rescue vet until she's well. She is very, very sweet and would make a wonderful fur child for someone with love to share. We are still looking for a foster family where she can go when she has been spayed this week. If you can open your heart to foster Scarlett, please let us know.
A 60 pound, 1-1/2 year old cutie named Grace has just arrived! Her family's schedule is such that they cannot spend enough time with her, so they made the tough decision to let Coastal find her a new home. She is described as both "laid back" and "high energy" so she certainly sounds like a typical Golden pup. Loves to be petted and hugged, enjoys chewing on her toys and playing with children and adults, and doesn't appear to have any fears or issues – other than being very energetic. Grace is up to date on all vaccines, heartworm negative, and has a microchip. She is crate trained, housebroken, rides well in cars, loves to walk, and knows some commands. More updates as to her personality, as we hear from her foster family.
Meet Jeter. Jeter has been surrendered to us because his family is unable to give him the attention and care he needs. They are very sad, but we promised to find him the perfect home! Jeter is 6 years old, beautiful as you can see, and very smart. He knows quite a few commands, gets along with cats, dogs and children, and is very loving. He has a little fear of thunder and doesn't like to be left alone, but he has never been destructive. He loves to play and is loyal to his family. Jeter will be neutered in a couple of days and spend a week or two with a foster family. He is current on all vaccines and has a microchip. Stay tuned for updates!
Coastal welcomes HARLEY, a 4 year old Golden boy, into rescue. His family had to move out of their home and into an apartment (with a 2 year old baby) and can no longer care for their Golden. He is reported to be very sweet, good with children, and he doesn't bark. Stay tuned for more details!
This is another courtesy post for our valued veterinarian friend. Meet adorable little Maggie! With ears like that, how can you resist? Maggie was picked up as a stray, is spayed, 6 years old, has her own microchip, is very sweet and friendly with everyone, good with other dogs, doesn't show interest in cats, and is housebroken. If you would like more information on Maggie, please email us at email@example.com or call our rescue at (904) 868-3308.


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— School Library Journal
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