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Department: Department of Mathematics
Collection: UNT Theses and Dissertations
Continuous Combinatorics of a Lattice Graph in the Cantor Space
Date: May 2016
Creator: Krohne, Edward William
Description: We present a novel theorem of Borel Combinatorics that sheds light on the types of continuous functions that can be defined on the Cantor space. We specifically consider the part X=F(2ᴳ) from the Cantor space, where the group G is the additive group of integer pairs ℤ². That is, X is the set of aperiodic {0,1} labelings of the two-dimensional infinite lattice graph. We give X the Bernoulli shift action, and this action induces a graph on X in which each connected component is again a two-dimensional lattice graph. It is folklore that no continuous (indeed, Borel) function provides a two-coloring of the graph on X, despite the fact that any finite subgraph of X is bipartite. Our main result offers a much more complete analysis of continuous functions on this space. We construct a countable collection of finite graphs, each consisting of twelve "tiles", such that for any property P (such as "two-coloring") that is locally recognizable in the proper sense, a continuous function with property P exists on X if and only if a function with a corresponding property P' exists on one of the graphs in the collection. We present the theorem, and give several applications.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An exploration of the word2vec algorithm: Creating a vector representation of a language vocabulary that encodes meaning and usage patterns in the vector space structure.
Date: May 2016
Creator: Le, Thu Anh
Description: This thesis is an exloration and exposition of a highly efficient shallow neural network algorithm called word2vec, which was developed by T. Mikolov et al. in order to create vector representations of a language vocabulary such that information about the meaning and usage of the vocabulary words is encoded in the vector space structure. Chapter 1 introduces natural language processing, vector representations of language vocabularies, and the word2vec algorithm. Chapter 2 reviews the basic mathematical theory of deterministic convex optimization. Chapter 3 provides background on some concepts from computer science that are used in the word2vec algorithm: Huffman trees, neural networks, and binary cross-entropy. Chapter 4 provides a detailed discussion of the word2vec algorithm itself and includes a discussion of continuous bag of words, skip-gram, hierarchical softmax, and negative sampling. Finally, Chapter 5 explores some applications of vector representations: word categorization, analogy completion, and language translation assistance.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Relative Complexity of Various Classification Problems among Compact Metric Spaces
Date: May 2016
Creator: Chang, Cheng
Description: In this thesis, we discuss three main projects which are related to Polish groups and their actions on standard Borel spaces. In the first part, we show that the complexity of the classification problem of continua is Borel bireducible to a universal orbit equivalence relation induce by a Polish group on a standard Borel space. In the second part, we compare the relative complexity of various types of classification problems concerning subspaces of [0,1]^n for all natural number n. In the last chapter, we give a topological characterization theorem for the class of locally compact two-sided invariant non-Archimedean Polish groups. Using this theorem, we show the non-existence of a universal group and the existence of a surjectively universal group in the class.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Contributions to Descriptive Set Theory
Date: August 2015
Creator: Atmai, Rachid
Description: In this dissertation we study closure properties of pointclasses, scales on sets of reals and the models L[T2n], which are very natural canonical inner models of ZFC. We first characterize projective-like hierarchies by their associated ordinals. This solves a conjecture of Steel and a conjecture of Kechris, Solovay, and Steel. The solution to the first conjecture allows us in particular to reprove a strong partition property result on the ordinal of a Steel pointclass and derive a new boundedness principle which could be useful in the study of the cardinal structure of L(R). We then develop new methods which produce lightface scales on certain sets of reals. The methods are inspired by Jackson's proof of the Kechris-Martin theorem. We then generalize the Kechris-Martin Theorem to all the Π12n+1 pointclasses using Jackson's theory of descriptions. This in turns allows us to characterize the sets of reals of a certain initial segment of the models L[T2n]. We then use this characterization and the generalization of Kechris-Martin theorem to show that the L[T2n] are unique. This generalizes previous work of Hjorth. We then characterize the L[T2n] in term of inner models theory, showing that they actually are constructible models over direct limit of ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Reduced Ideals and Periodic Sequences in Pure Cubic Fields
Date: August 2015
Creator: Jacobs, G. Tony
Description: The "infrastructure" of quadratic fields is a body of theory developed by Dan Shanks, Richard Mollin and others, in which they relate "reduced ideals" in the rings and sub-rings of integers in quadratic fields with periodicity in continued fraction expansions of quadratic numbers. In this thesis, we develop cubic analogs for several infrastructure theorems. We work in the field K=Q(), where 3=m for some square-free integer m, not congruent to ±1, modulo 9. First, we generalize the definition of a reduced ideal so that it applies to K, or to any number field. Then we show that K has only finitely many reduced ideals, and provide an algorithm for listing them. Next, we define a sequence based on the number alpha that is periodic and corresponds to the finite set of reduced principal ideals in K. Using this rudimentary infrastructure, we are able to establish results about fundamental units and reduced ideals for some classes of pure cubic fields. We also introduce an application to Diophantine approximation, in which we present a 2-dimensional analog of the Lagrange value of a badly approximable number, and calculate some examples.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Restricting Invariants and Arrangements of Finite Complex Reflection Groups
Date: August 2015
Creator: Berardinelli, Angela
Description: Suppose that G is a finite, unitary reflection group acting on a complex vector space V and X is a subspace of V. Define N to be the setwise stabilizer of X in G, Z to be the pointwise stabilizer, and C=N/Z. Then restriction defines a homomorphism from the algebra of G-invariant polynomial functions on V to the algebra of C-invariant functions on X. In my thesis, I extend earlier work by Douglass and Röhrle for Coxeter groups to the case where G is a complex reflection group of type G(r,p,n) in the notation of Shephard and Todd and X is in the lattice of the reflection arrangement of G. The main result characterizes when the restriction mapping is surjective in terms of the exponents of G and C and their reflection arrangements.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Trees and Ordinal Indices in C(k) Spaces for K Countable Compact
Date: August 2015
Creator: Dahal, Koshal Raj
Description: In the dissertation we study the C(K) spaces focusing on the case when K is countable compact and more specifically, the structure of C() spaces for < ω1 via special type of trees that they contain. The dissertation is composed of three major sections. In the first section we give a detailed proof of the theorem of Bessaga and Pelczynski on the isomorphic classification of C() spaces. In due time, we describe the standard bases for C(ω) and prove that the bases are monotone. In the second section we consider the lattice-trees introduced by Bourgain, Rosenthal and Schechtman in C() spaces, and define rerooting and restriction of trees. The last section is devoted to the main results. We give some lower estimates of the ordinal-indices in C(ω). We prove that if the tree in C(ω) has large order with small constant then each function in the root must have infinitely many big coordinates. Along the way we deduce some upper estimates for c0 and C(ω), and give a simple proof of Cambern's result that the Banach-Mazur distance between c0 and c = C(ω) is equal to 3.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Condition-dependent Hilbert Spaces for Steepest Descent and Application to the Tricomi Equation
Date: August 2014
Creator: Montgomery, Jason W.
Description: A steepest descent method is constructed for the general setting of a linear differential equation paired with uniqueness-inducing conditions which might yield a generally overdetermined system. The method differs from traditional steepest descent methods by considering the conditions when defining the corresponding Sobolev space. The descent method converges to the unique solution to the differential equation so that change in condition values is minimal. The system has a solution if and only if the first iteration of steepest descent satisfies the system. The finite analogue of the descent method is applied to example problems involving finite difference equations. The well-posed problems include a singular ordinary differential equation and Laplace's equation, each paired with respective Dirichlet-type conditions. The overdetermined problems include a first-order nonsingular ordinary differential equation with Dirichlet-type conditions and the wave equation with both Dirichlet and Neumann conditions. The method is applied in an investigation of the Tricomi equation, a long-studied equation which acts as a prototype of mixed partial differential equations and has application in transonic flow. The Tricomi equation has been studied for at least ninety years, yet necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions on an arbitrary mixed domain remain unknown. The domains ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Hermitian Jacobi Forms and Congruences
Date: August 2014
Creator: Senadheera, Jayantha
Description: In this thesis, we introduce a new space of Hermitian Jacobi forms, and we determine its structure. As an application, we study heat cycles of Hermitian Jacobi forms, and we establish a criterion for the existence of U(p) congruences of Hermitian Jacobi forms. We demonstrate that criterion with some explicit examples. Finally, in the appendix we give tables of Fourier series coefficients of several Hermitian Jacobi forms.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Fundamental Issues in Support Vector Machines
Date: May 2014
Creator: McWhorter, Samuel P.
Description: This dissertation considers certain issues in support vector machines (SVMs), including a description of their construction, aspects of certain exponential kernels used in some SVMs, and a presentation of an algorithm that computes the necessary elements of their operation with proof of convergence. In its first section, this dissertation provides a reasonably complete description of SVMs and their theoretical basis, along with a few motivating examples and counterexamples. This section may be used as an accessible, stand-alone introduction to the subject of SVMs for the advanced undergraduate. Its second section provides a proof of the positive-definiteness of a certain useful function here called E and dened as follows: Let V be a complex inner product space. Let N be a function that maps a vector from V to its norm. Let p be a real number between 0 and 2 inclusive and for any in V , let ( be N() raised to the p-th power. Finally, let a be a positive real number. Then E() is exp(()). Although the result is not new (other proofs are known but involve deep properties of stochastic processes) this proof is accessible to advanced undergraduates with a decent grasp of linear algebra. Its ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


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Tel Aviv-YafoIsrael
February 20, 2012
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Achla! I thank you and want you to continue
We started the group after the success of Alex Miller's Lambda Lounge in St. Louis. The group consists of people in Israel who are interested in non-mainstream programming languages. Our members are programmers, researchers and students. We meet monthly and conduct discussions at http://groups.google.com/group/sayeret-lamb.... For more details, visit our web-site at http://www.lambda.org.il/
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Ready in 1h
This recipe is delicious if you are a vidalia onion fan.
14 people want to try | 26 have favorited
Saute the yellow onion, garlic and green onions in the olive oil just until tender.
Remove from the pan and set aside.
Remove skins and bones from chicken breasts and pound them flat.
Mix flour, salt and pepper together and place in flat bowl.
Dip chicken into flour mixture, lightly brown chicken in butter 2 or 3 minutes per side.
Add the sauted onions and garlic. Over high heat, add sherry, lemon juice and capers. This should thicken to make a nice gravy for chicken.
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Overexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Tumor Epithelial Cells Correlates with Colorectal Cancer Metastasis
Version of Record online: 10 SEP 2008
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00037.x
© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and Translational Science
Volume 1, Issue 2, pages 136–141, September 2008
Additional Information
How to Cite
Zuzga, D. S., Gibbons, A. V., Li, P., Lubbe, W. J., Chervoneva, I. and Pitari, G. M. (2008), Overexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Tumor Epithelial Cells Correlates with Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Clinical and Translational Science, 1: 136–141. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00037.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 10 SEP 2008
- Version of Record online: 10 SEP 2008
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- colorectal cancer;
- metastasis;
- disease stage
Colorectal cancer mortality largely reflects metastasis, the spread of the disease to distant organs. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a key regulator of metastasis and a target for anticancer strategies in colon cancer. Here, the overexpression of MMP-9 in pure tumor epithelial, but nor stromal, cell populations was associated with metastatic progression of colorectal cancer, as defined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and confirmed by immunostaining. Thus, cancer cell MMP-9 represents a novel, selective prognostic and predictive factor that may be exploited for more effective disease stage stratification and therapeutic regimen selection in patients with colorectal cancer.


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My ford explorer 1994 xlt 4.0 engine, it feels like it is miss firing at times and then corrects itselft, l'v change the wires and plugs, and somebody told me it might be a egr valve or oxygen sensor. I'm not sure if this 4.0 has an egr? Would you give me some advice on trouble shooting this problem?
Thursday, November 18th, 2010 AT 9:30 AM


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Tessera is what patent trolls see themselves as being. It really does invent critical technology to license. Only a few patents (and hardly any trade secrets) make good clubs to compel payment, and the ones Tessera had been accustomed to use have expired (there remains a lot of money owed from before they expired). The fight over a new generation of microelectronics technology is just taking shape. Tessera clearly has some valuable technology (which they're using in the xFD challenger to pseudo-standard DDR4), but infringement of much of it can only be proved by industrial espionage. This will take a while to settle out.
The optical situation is different (hence the divisionalization). It was clear early-on that most of the key IP in MEMS manufacture was unprotectable by threat of infringement lawsuits. Tessera chose to protect it by keeping it in-house. They developed medium-volume capabilities organically and also bought a high-volume manufacturer whole. There ARE people on-board with experience from top to bottom of the business they are getting into.
It's the center that's a mess. When "life was easy," Tessera developed an open, aggressive corporate culture (reminiscent of 3M, and probably intentionally so). Now, with the Invensas part scrambling and the optical part negotiating with very publicity-shy customers, the move is to a closed financial-like (or troll-like) culture. This is annoying almost everyone. It MAY be necessary in the short run, but longer-term it harms customer acquisition, talent acquisition and even corporate financing.


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I used to be a methapetamine user because it gave me energy and made me happy i know studies suggest it could take your brain several years to recover from the damage. Is there an anti-depressnt that can raise my dopimine levels as well as the seratonin.
Are there any antidepressants that increase both dopamine and serotonin levels?
- Posted:
- 10 Jul 2011 by Woodmizer
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Many a thick academic tome turns out to be a journal article wearing a fat suit. So all due credit to Anna M. Young, whose Prophets, Gurus, and Pundits: Rhetorical Styles and Public Engagement was published by Southern Illinois University Press this year. Her premise is sound; her line of argument looks promising; and she gets right to work without the rigmarole associated with what someone once described as the scholarly, "Yes, I read that one too" tic.
Indeed, several quite good papers could be written exploring the implicit or underdeveloped aspects of her approach to the role and the rhetoric of the public intellectual. Young is an associate professor of communication at Pacific Lutheran University, in Tacoma, Washington. Much of the book is extremely contemporary in emphasis (to a fault, really, just to get my complaint about it out front here). But the issue it explores goes back at least to ancient Rome -- quite a while before C. Wright Mills got around to coining the expression "public intellectual" in 1958, in any case.
The matter in question emerges in Cicero's dialogue De Oratore, where Young finds discussed a basic problem in public life, then and now. Cicero, or his stand-in character anyway, states that for someone who wants to contribute to the public discussion of important matters, "knowledge of a vast number of things is necessary, without which volubility of words is empty and ridiculous."
On the other hand -- as Cicero has a different character point out -- mere possession of learning, however deep and wide, is no guarantee of being able to communicate that learning to others. (The point will not be lost on those of you surreptitiously reading this column on your mobile phones at a conference.)
Nobody "can be eloquent on a subject that he does not understand," says Cicero. Yet even "if he understands a subject ever so well, but is ignorant of how to form and polish his speech, he cannot express himself eloquently about what he does understand."
And so what is required is the supplementary form of knowledge called rhetoric. The field had its detractors well before Cicero came along. But rhetoric as defined by Aristotle referred not to elegant and flowery bullshit but rather to the art of making cogent and persuasive arguments.
Rhetoric taught how to convey information, ideas, and attitudes by selecting the right words, in the right order, to deliver in a manner appropriate to a particular audience -- thereby convincing it of an argument, generally as a step toward moving it to take a given action or come to a certain judgment or decision. The ancient treatises contain not a little of what would later count as psychology and sociology, and modern rhetorical theory extends its interdisciplinary mandate beyond the study of speech, into all other forms of media. But in its applied form, rhetoric continues to be a skill of skills – the art of using and coordinating a number of registers of communication at the same time: determining the vocabulary, gestures, tone and volume of voice, and so on best-suited to message and audience.
When the expression "public intellectual" was revived by Russell Jacoby in the late 1980s, it served in large part to express unhappiness with the rhetorical obtuseness of academics, particularly in the humanities and social sciences. The frustration was not usually expressed quite that way. It instead took the form of a complaint that intellectuals were selling their birthright as engaged social and cultural critics in exchange for the mess of pottage known as tenure. It left them stuck in niches of hyperspecialized expertise. There they cultivated insular concerns and leaden prose styles, as well as inexplicable delusions of political relevance.
The public intellectual was a negation of all of this. He or she was a free-range generalist who wrote accessibly, and could sometimes be heard on National Public Radio. In select cases the public intellectual was known to Charlie Rose by first name.
I use the past tense here but would prefer to give the term a subscript: The public intellectual model ca. 1990 was understood to operate largely or even entirely outside academe, but that changed over the following decade, as the most prominent examples of the public intellectual tended to be full-time professors, such as Cornel West and Martha Nussbaum, or at least to teach occasionally, like Judge Richard Posner, a senior lecturer in law at the University of Chicago.
And while the category continues to be defined to some degree by contrast with certain tried-and-true caricatures of academic sensibility, the 2014 model of the public intellectual can hardly be said to have resisted the blandishments of academe. The danger of succumbing to the desire for tenure is hardly the issue it once might have seemed.
Professor Young's guiding insight is that public intellectuals might well reward study through rhetorical analysis -- with particular emphasis on aspects that would tend to be missed otherwise. They come together under the heading "style." She does not mean the diction and syntax of their sentences, whether written or spoken, but rather style of demeanor, comportment, and personality (or what's publicly visible of it).
Style in Young's account includes what might be called discursive tact. Among other things it includes the gift of knowing how and when to stop talking, and even to listen to another person's questions attentively enough to clarify, and even to answer them. The author also discusses the "physiological style" of various public intellectuals – an unfortunate coinage (my first guess was that it had something to do with metabolism) that refers mostly to how they dress.
A public intellectual, then, has mastered the elements of style that the "traditional intellectual" (meaning, for the most part, the professorial sort) typically does not. The public perceives the academic "to be a failure of rhetorical style in reaching the public. He is dressed inappropriately. She carries herself strangely. He describes ideas in ways we cannot understand. She holds the floor too long and seems to find herself very self-important." (That last sentence is problematic in that a besetting vice of the self-important that they do not find themselves self-important; if they did, they'd probably dial it down a bit.)
Now, generations of satirical novels about university life have made clear that the very things Young regards as lapses of style are, in fact, perfectly sensible and effective rhetorical moves on their own terms. (The professor who wears the same argyle sweater year-round has at least persuaded you that he would rather think about the possible influence of the Scottish Enlightenment on The Federalist Papers than the admittedly large holes.)
But she longs for a more inclusive and democratic mode of engagement of scholarship with the public – and of the public with ideas and information it needs. To that end, Young identifies a number of public-intellectual character types that seem to her exemplary and effective. "At different times," she writes, "and in different cultural milieus, different rhetorical styles emerge as particularly relevant, powerful, and persuasive." And by Young's count, six of them prevail in America at present: Prophet, Guru, Sustainer, Pundit, Narrator, and Scientist.
"The Prophet is called by a higher power at a time of crisis to judge sinners in the community and outline a path of redemption. The Guru is the teacher who gains a following of disciples and leads them to enlightenment. The Sustainer innovates products and processes that sustain natural, social, and political environments. The Pundit is a subject expert who discusses the issues of the day in a more superficial way via the mass media. The Narrator weaves experiences with context, creating relationships between event and communities and offering a form of evidence that flies below the radar in order to provide access to information." Finally, the Scientist "rhetorically constructs his or her project as one that answers questions that have plagued humankind since the beginnings…."
The list is presumably not meant to be exhaustive, but Young finds examples of people working successfully in each mode. Next week we'll take a look at what the schema implies -- and at the grounds for thinking of each style as successful.
New book argues that shared governance is under threat, along with future of American higher education, and professors must take up the fight.
Few people appear happy with the state of shared governance at American colleges and universities. Faculty members complain that they are being disempowered by administrators and trustees who are creating an increasingly "corporatized" academic environment and who are more concerned with budgets than with quality. Administrators lament the extent to which faculties seem oblivious to the fiscal realities threatening the status quo and to the need for significant or even radical change. Trustees struggle to find the appropriate balance between too much and too little involvement in the activities of both faculty members and administrators. And legislators seem baffled by the whole system -- though in my experience bafflement is actually one of the less dangerous states in which legislators might find themselves. It is when they think they understand things that I get worried.
I am inclined to believe that many of these concerns are overblown. Bad actors and bad decisions are unavoidable in any large and diverse system, but these still seem to me the exception and not the rule. Most faculty members and most administrators appear to me to want what they have always wanted: to create vibrant and supportive environments within which the work of teaching and learning can be carried out at a high level. Achieving this goal has become increasingly difficult as the economic model of higher education has come under more intense stress, and this has cast the long-present messiness of the shared governance model into sharper relief. It has never been easy to maintain equilibrium within such a complex system of institutional decision-making, but today the stakes seem higher and the cost of missteps or inaction much greater.
The interesting question is not whether the shared governance model is irrevocably broken, but whether it can be improved. I believe that it can and that improvement must begin with a better understanding of where the fault lines in the current system lie.
Imagine that two people are charged with the completion of two tasks. They can choose to "share" this responsibility in a couple of different ways: each can be assigned to the completion of one task, or both can work on both tasks together. Depending on the nature of the tasks — and the people — one or another of these approaches may be the more effective.
Shared governance at most colleges has evolved into a model that more closely resembles the first than the second of these approaches. It is common to find the faculty charged with the design, oversight, and teaching of the curriculum, with some minimal level of input from administrators. Virtually all other matters — co-curricular programming, student life, and, above all else, decisions about the spending of institutional dollars — are chiefly the purview of administrators, with some minimal level of input from faculty. We have, that is, a system of sharing through division more than a system of sharing through deep collaboration.
There is no denying that in some respects this division makes a good deal of sense: faculty members are the ones best-situated by training and position to make decisions about academic matters, and administrators in areas like student life and finance have both training and relevant experience that most faculty members lack. But there is also no denying that the absence of extensive collaboration between those charged with designing a complex and expensive service and those charged with creating a sustainable economic model for that service, especially when there are serious questions about its sustainability, is far from optimal. At the risk of appearing to trivialize our important enterprise — and we do take ourselves pretty seriously — I would liken many colleges to restaurants at which the chefs decide upon the menu items to be offered, the managers work on the business model, and neither group does much consulting with the other. Such an establishment is not likely to survive for very long.
While this particular system of what I would call divided governance has long been in place on college campuses, there is reason to believe that the division has in recent years gotten sharper and more absolute. Faculty members at selective institutions, both large and small, have over time been expected to become more fully and continuously engaged in scholarly activities and therefore have become less likely to carve out time to learn the ins and outs of college governance. Disciplinary training has become increasingly specialized, leaving faculty members less able or less inclined to think in institutional rather than departmental terms. Many more college leaders, especially at the presidential level, are now career administrators or are even being drawn from outside academe, and while this may or may not prepare them to be highly effective presidents, it certainly leaves the faculty concerned, with good reason, about their preparedness to speak to matters of the curriculum.
There is more. Academic administration has itself become both more professionalized and more specialized, as evidenced by the proliferation of graduate programs in the field and of "how to" seminars, conferences, and books for current or aspiring deans and presidents. Though some faculty members do persist in perceiving administrators as failed professors or, in the words of Professor Rob Jenkins, as "managers who just might be more concerned with the bottom line than with educational quality," the simple truth is that running a college has become an increasingly complex job that, like most such jobs, requires preparation, experience, and ongoing study, and that it is hard to do well in one's spare time.
As a faculty member I spent my time studying Dickens and honing my skills in the classroom. As a college president I spend my time learning about everything from admissions yield models to bond ratings to Title IX requirements and honing my skills in leadership. I have found both kinds of work to be demanding and rewarding, but would be incapable of doing the two simultaneously, at least at the level of excellence to which one should aspire.
In short, the days of faculty participating as a matter of course in admissions decisions or of presidents being drawn regularly from the ranks of the faculty at their own institutions are over.
Shared governance is not going away, nor is it clear, given the nature of college communities, that there is a preferable alternative. There are, however, a number of steps that can be taken to optimize the beneficial and minimize the deleterious effects of the system. The most important of these might be an attitudinal shift, on the part of both faculty members and administrators, away from a Manichean view of the academic world and toward a view more nuanced and accurate. So long as faculty members see administrators chiefly as "managers ... more concerned with the bottom line than with educational quality" — or worse — and so long as administrators see most faculty members as utterly indifferent to something as important as "the bottom line," the sharing of governance between the two groups will be fraught with conflict and distrust. I say this knowing that such changes in attitude are much easier to describe than to bring about but also out of a deep conviction that no change would do more to improve the quality of decision-making. I also believe that in this conversation, as in so many others, the loudest and most influential voices come from the extremes and that the majority of faculty members and administrators are not so far apart in priorities as the academic press would suggest.
My other recommendations are more concrete.
1. Rely more heavily for important decisions on representative rather than direct democracy.
All-faculty meetings are simply the wrong place to make decisions that have a serious strategic or financial impact on an institution. There is neither the time nor the base of information nor, at most colleges, the appropriate atmosphere necessary for careful and informed deliberation. Better outcomes are likely to come from elected faculty committees whose members have the time and willingness to study complex issues. These committees should be more fully empowered to make decisions and not just to offer recommendations to the full faculty. At most colleges, the one piece of deeply consequential business that is carried out wholly by an elected committee is the tenure and promotion process. Not surprisingly, it is also the piece of business that typically gets done most carefully and effectively.
2. Be sure that there is at least one body on campus whose members include both administrative leaders and elected faculty representatives and whose charge is to consider, in confidence, matters of strategic importance that cut across all areas of operations.
The remedy for the current weaknesses in shared governance lies not simply in taking authority away from the "full faculty." It also lies in providing more information to, and consulting more extensively with, the faculty in the form of their elected representatives — not only about curricular matters, but about all matters that affect their ability to carry out their work. This will not happen consistently unless it is built into the regular governance structure of the institution.
3. Include an elected faculty representative on the president's senior staff.
It is time that we stopped pretending that the faculty view the provost or the academic dean as "one of them" and therefore as their voice at the table during discussions among administrative leaders. The moment the provost becomes provost, she or he is viewed chiefly as an administrator, even if that individual is broadly respected and, indeed, even if that individual was drawn directly from the faculty ranks (a move that is becoming less common). The substantive and symbolic benefits of having an elected faculty voice in the room far outweigh the risks and drawbacks. This would not be a full-time position but rather the equivalent of chairing an important committee, since it is essential that this representative continue to be seen chiefly as a member of the faculty.
4. Provide as many opportunities as possible for faculty members who are interested in college governance to learn about all aspects of the college.
It has been my experience that those faculty members who are the finest teachers and most active scholars are only infrequently interested in administrative careers but are often interested in leadership more broadly understood. Such faculty members can best contribute to shared governance if they are as informed as possible about the operations, challenges, and strategic priorities of the institution. Administrators should be prepared to share with interested faculty members, honestly and fully, all pieces of information other that those that are, for one reason or another, necessarily confidential. They should offer seminars on areas such as financial operations, admissions, and fund-raising. Transparency and training do not eliminate disagreement, but over time they establish trust.
The most difficult of these changes to make is clearly the first. Almost never does a group with power relinquish it voluntarily, yet that is precisely what I am calling for in this instance: that is, for the full faculty to vote to relinquish some of its decision-making authority (any form of forced disempowerment would in my view be disastrous). The only chance for such a change to be approved would be, at the same time, to empower the faculty with more say, through elected representatives, in the decisions about which they presently have almost no say at all. Such a step might begin to move us at least minimally away from divided governance and toward a system in which tasks of great importance are more genuinely and regularly shared.
Brian Rosenberg is president of Macalester College.
In today's Academic Minute, Elizabeth Cirulli, an assistant professor of medicine at Duke University, attempts to unravel the confusion surrounding yawns. Learn more about the Academic Minute here.
A new study on the emotional lives of adjunct professors that appears to be the first of its kind says contingent faculty members are at risk for stress, depression and anxiety due to their working conditions. The paper, written by Gretchen M. Reevey, a lecturer in psychology at California State University at East Bay, and Grace Deason, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin at LaCrosse, was published in Frontiers of Psychology and is available in full here.
Senator John Walsh appears to have plagiarized final paper for master's degree. It would have been the nail in an academic's coffin, but he remains in Congress and in race for election this fall. Why?
I. Close the Business Schools
Ask anyone professing the humanities today and you come to understand that a medieval dimness looms. If this is the end-times for the ice sheets at our poles — and it is — many of us also understand that the melt can be found closer to home, in the elimination of language and classics departments, for instance, and in the philistinism represented by governors such as Rick Scott of Florida and Patrick McCrory of North Carolina, who apparently see in the humanities a waste of time and taxpayer subsidies. In the name of efficiency and job creation, according to their logic, taxpayers can no longer afford to support bleary-eyed poets, Latin history radicals, and brie-nibbling Francophiles.
That there is a general and widespread acceptance in the United States that what is good for corporate America is good for the country is perhaps inarguable, and this is why men like Governors Scott and McCrory are dangerous. They merely invoke a longstanding and not-so-ugly stereotype: the pointy-headed humanist whose work, if you can call it that, is irrelevant. Among the many easy targets, English departments and their ilk are convenient and mostly defenseless. Few will rise to rush the barricades with us, least of all the hard-headed realists who understand the difficulties of running a business, which is what the university is, anyway.
I wish, therefore, to propose a solution that will save money, save the humanities, and perhaps make the world a better place: Close the business schools.
The Market Argument
We are told that something called "the market" is responsible for the great disparities in pay between humanities professors and business professors. To a humanist, however, this market is the great mystifier; we find no evidence of an "invisible hand" that magically allocates resources within the university. The market argument for pay differentials between business professors and historians (average pay in 2014 for full professors at all institutions: $123,233 and $86,636, respectively, a difference of almost 30 percent; average at research institutions is $160,705 and $102,981, a difference of 36 percent), for instance, fails to convince that a market is operating. This is because administrators and trustees who set salaries based upon what the market can bear, or what it calls for, or what it demands, are actually subsidizing those of us who are who are manifestly out of the market.
Your average finance professor, for instance, is not a part of this market; indeed, she is a member of the artificial market created by colleges and universities themselves, the same institutions that tout the importance of critical thinking and of creating the well-rounded individual whose liberal arts study will ostensibly make her into a productive member of our democracy. But the administrators who buy the argument that the market allocates upward of 20, 30, or 40 percent more for the business professor than it does her colleague in the humanities have failed to be the example they tout: they are not thinking.
The higher education market for business professors and legal scholars, for instance, is one in which the professor is paid as if she took her services and sold them on what is commonly call the market. Which is where she, and her talents, manifestly are not. She is here, in the building next to ours, teaching our students and doing the same work we are. If my daughter cuts our lawn, she does not get paid as if she were cutting the neighbor's lawn.
The business professor has sacrificed the blandishments of the other market for that of the university, where she can work softer hours, have her December/January vacation, go to London during the summer on a fellowship or university grant, and generally live something approaching the good life — which is what being employed by a college or university allows the lucky who earn tenure. She avoids the other market — eschews the long hours in the office, the demands of travel, the oppressive corporate state — so that she can pick up her kids from school on occasion, sleep in on a Saturday, and turn off her smartphone. She may be part of a machine, but it is a university machine, and as machines go she could do worse. This "market" is better than the other one.
But does she bring more value to the university? Does she generate more student hours? These are questions that administrators and business professors do not ask. Why? Because they wouldn't like the answers. They would find that she is an expensive acquisition. Unless she is one of the Wharton superstars and appears on CNN Money and is quoted in The Wall Street Journal, there's a good chance that the university isn't getting its money's worth.
The Moral Argument
There is another argument for wishing our business professor adieu. She is ostensibly training the next crop of financiers and M.B.A.s whose machinations have arguably had no salutary effects on this democracy. I understand that I am casting a wide net here, grouping the good with the bad, blaming the recent implosion of the world economy on business schools. One could, perhaps, lay equal blame on the mathematicians and quantitative analysts who created the derivative algorithms and mortgage packages that even the M.B.A.s themselves don't understand, though there's a good chance that business school graduates hired these alpha number crunchers.
Our investment bankers and their ilk will have to take the fall because, well, they should have known better. If only because, at bottom, they are responsible — with their easy cash and credit, their drive-through mortgages, and, worst of all, their betting against the very system they knew was hopelessly constructed. And they were trained at our universities, many of them, probably at our best universities, the Harvards and Princetons and Dartmouths, where — it is increasingly apparent — the brightest students go to learn how to destroy the world.
I am not arguing that students shouldn't take classes in accounting, marketing, and economics. An understanding of these subjects holds value. They are honorable subjects often horribly applied. In the wrong hands they become tools less of enlightenment and liberation than ruthless self-interest. And when you have groups of like-minded economic pirates banding together in the name of self-interest, they form a corporation, that is, a person. That person, it is now apparent, cannot be relied upon to do the right thing; that person cannot be held accountable.
It's not as if this is news. Over 150 years ago, Charles Dickens saw this problem, and he wrote A Christmas Carol to address it. The hero of Dickens's novella is Jacob Marley, who returns from the grave to warn his tightfisted partner Ebenezer Scrooge that he might want to change his ways. When Scrooge tells Marley that he was always a "good man of business," Marley brings down the thunder: "Mankind was my business. The common welfare was my business; charity, mercy, forbearance, and benevolence, were, all, my business. The dealings of my trade were but a drop of water in the comprehensive ocean of my business!"
In closing the business schools, may the former professors of finance bring to the market a more human side (or, apropos of Dickens, a more ghostly side). Whether or not they do, though, closing the business schools is a necessary first step in righting the social and economic injustices perpetuated not by capitalism but by those who have used it to rend the very social fabric that nourishes them. By planting the seeds of corporate and financial tyranny, our business schools, operating as so many of them do in collusion with a too-big-to-fail mentality, have become the enemy of democracy. They must be closed, since, as Jacob Marley reminds us, we all live in the business world.
II. Save the Humanities
Closing the business schools will allow us to turn our attention more fully to the state of the humanities and their apparent demise. The 2013 report released by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, which asserts that "the humanities and social sciences are not merely elective, nor are they elite or elitist. They go beyond the immediate and instrumental to help us understand the past and the future." As if that's going to sell.
In the wake of the academy's report, The New York Times dutifully ran three columns on the humanities — by David Brooks, Verlyn Klinkeborg, and Stanley Fish — which dove into the wreck and surveyed the damage in fairly predictable ways (excepting Fish, whose unpredictability is predictable). Brooks remembers when they used to teach Seneca and Catullus, and Klinkeborg looks back on the good old days when everyone treasured literature and literary study. Those days are gone, he argues, because "the humanities often do a bad job of teaching the humanities," and because "writing well used to be a fundamental principle of the humanities," though it apparently is not anymore. Why writing well isn't a fundamental principle of life is perhaps a better question.
We might therefore ask: Aside from the typical obeisance to something called "critical thinking," what are the humanities supposed to do?
I propose that one of the beauties of the liberal arts degree is that it is meant to do nothing. I would like to think, therefore, that the typical humanities major reads because she is interested in knowledge for purposes outside of the pervasive instrumentalism now fouling higher education. She does not read philosophy because she wants, necessarily, to become a philosopher; she does not read poetry to become a poet, though she may dream of it; she does not study art history, usually, to become an art historian, though she may one day take this road.
She may be in the minority, but she studies these subjects because of the pleasure it gives her. Reading literature, or studying philosophy, or viewing art, or watching films — and thinking about them — are pleasurable things. What a delight to subsidize something that gives her immediate and future joy instead of spending capital on a course of study that might someday allow her to make more money so that she can do the things she wants to do at some distant time. Henry David Thoreau said it best: "This spending of the best part of one's life earning money in order to enjoy a questionable liberty during the least valuable part of it reminds me of the Englishman who went to India to make a fortune first, in order that he might return to England and live the life of a poet. He should have gone up garret at once." If you want to be a poet, be done with it.
Does she suffer for this pleasure?
It is an unfortunate fact of our political and cultural economy that she probably does. Her parents wonder helplessly what she is up to and they threaten to cut off her tuition unless she comes to her senses. The governor and legislature of her state tell her that she is wasting her time and that she is unemployable. She goes to her advisers, who, if they are in the humanities, tell her that the companies her parents revere love to hire our kind, that we know how to think critically and write clearly and solve problems.
And it isn't that they are lying, exactly (except to themselves). They simply aren't telling her the whole truth: that she will almost surely never have the kind of financial success that her peers in business or engineering or medicine will have; that she will have enormous regrets barely ameliorated by the thought that she carries the fire; that the digital humanities will not save her, either, though they may help make her life slightly more interesting.
It is with this problem in mind that I argue for a vision of the university as a place where the humanities are more than tolerated, where they are celebrated as intrinsic to something other than vocationalism, as a place in which the ideology that inheres to the industrial model in all things can and ought to be dismantled and its various parts put back together into something resembling a university and not a factory floor.
Instead of making the case that the humanities gives students the skills to "succeed in a rapidly changing world," I want to invoke the wisdom of Walt Whitman, one of the great philosophers of seeming inactivity, who wrote: "I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass."
What does it mean to loafe? Whitman is reclining and relaxing, but he is also active: he "invites" his soul and "observes" the world around him. This conjunction of observation and contemplation with an invitation to the soul is the key here; using our time, energy, and intellectual faculties to attend to our world is the root of successful living. A world of contemplative loafers is one that can potentially make clear-eyed moral and ethical judgments of the sort that we need, judgments that deny the conflation of economic value with other notions of value.
Whitman would rather hang out with the men who brought in the catch than listen to the disputations of science or catch the fish himself: "You should have been with us that day round the chowder-kettle." While I am not necessarily advocating a life of sloth, I'm not arguing against it, either. I respect the art of study for its own sake and revere the thinker who does nothing worthwhile, if by worthwhile we mean something like growing the economy. Making a living rather than living is the sign of desperation.
William Major is professor of English at Hillyer College of the University of Hartford. He is author of Grounded Vision: New Agrarianism and the Academy (University of Alabama Press, 2011).
To move projects ahead, you need to get the right advice, writes Kerry Ann Rockquemore.
In today's Academic Minute, Sam Maglio, assistant professor of marketing at the University of Toronto Scarborough, explains his research on the influence of the way names sound. Learn more about the Academic Minute here.
Mark Landis, who until recently taught accounting at San Francisco State University and the University of San Francisco, has been charged with 15 counts of misdemeanor invasion of privacy for allegedly filming current and former students, and others, using the bathroom in his home, The San Francisco Chronicle reported. A house guest found a camera, set up to film the genital region of males standing at a toilet. Landis reportedly invited students over every weekend. A San Francisco State spokeswoman said that Landis resigned last Friday. A University of San Francisco spokeswoman said that he had been an adjunct there, and that his contract had not been renewed. Landis did not respond to requests for comment.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1980
|Filing date
|Feb 7, 1978
|Priority date
|Feb 7, 1978
|Publication number
|Gary L. Golobay, Ted E. Deubner, Anthony F. Beugelsdyk
|Original Assignee
|Beugelsdyk Anthony F, Deubner Ted E, Golobay Gary L
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (48), Classifications (25), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention deals with twist grip constructions for manipulating control cables, such as a handlebar mounted motorcycle throttle, and pertains more particularly to the provision of a novel latch mechanism in the twist hand grip construction for allowing selective operation of the grip in two separate, discrete ranges of rotation in order to permit a single cable under control of the twist grip to provide a pair of operational functions.
Twist, hand grip type throttle constructions for controlling a cable operated carburetor and of the type mounted on the handlebars of a motorcycle or the like have been in use for many years. These constructions generally comprise an elongate tubular hand grip which is adapted to be sleeved over the end of a handlebar and is rotatably mounted on the latter by means of a collar clamp assembly which includes a housing enclosing a spool like member fastened to the end of the hand grip for winding and unwinding the control cable thereon as the grip is twisted.
Some cycle-type vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine have heretofore been provided with a compression release device associated with the combustion cylinder of the engine in order to relieve pressure built up within the cylinder for purposes of facilitating starting of the engine or, permitting the vehicle to be pedaled in the case of the so-called "moped" type vehicles which include bicycle-type pedaling apparatus in addition to a gasoline powered engine. In the past, since the operation of the compression release device is independent of the normal throttle control, the hand operated operator controls for the compression release device have been mounted separately from the vehicle's ordinary throttle control and have necessitated the provision of a separate control cable and lever assembly or other means for operating the cable to actuate the compression release device. This prior art design is less than cost effective from a manufacturing standpoint due to the additional control levers and cables required, and poses an inconvenience to the vehicle operator in that he may have to remove one of his hands from the handlebars in order to reach the controls for effecting operation of the engine compression release; this poses an obvious safety hazard for the vehicle operator since the operator's hand should desireably remain on the handlebar grips at all times.
The present invention eliminates the deficiencies inherent in the prior art approach to controlling carburetor throttling and engine compression release by providing a single twist grip assembly which is selectively operable for both controlling engine throttling and compression release. According to the present invention, a twist grip assembly including a hand grip and cable winding means is provided with a novel latch mechanism integral therewith and selectively actuatable by the thumb of the vehicle operator's hand holding the grip member to allow shifting of the grip between a first rotational range associated with an engine throttling function, and a second rotational range associated with the compression release of the engine. The latch mechanism includes a rotatable, ring-shaped latch member adapted to be sleeved over the handlebar of the vehicle which comprises an arcuately shaped, cantilever mounted, shiftable, resilient latch portion including a keeper portion extending through a slot in a stationary, mounting portion of the grip assembly and normally engages the stationary portion during ordinary throttling operation but is yieldably shiftable to release the latch mechanism and allow the vehicle operator to rotate the twist grip in a manner to effectuate actuation of the compression release device. Thus, the vehicle operator need not remove either of his hands from the handlebars in order to effectuate compression release of the engine, and the carburation throttling and engine compression release functions are controlled by a single, handlebar mounted control assembly employing a single control cable.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view of one side of the throttle twist grip assembly, which forms the preferred embodiment of the present invention, shown in operative relationship to a portion of a handlebar and a cable assembly controlled thereby;
FIG. 2 is a view of one end of the twist grip assembly shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the twist grip assembly;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, top view of the twist grip assembly taken on a slightly larger scale, portions being broken away to better reveal components located within the clamp assembly;
FIG. 5 is a view taken along the line 5--5 in FIG. 1 and which shows the assembly in an idle position;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of one end of the tubular grip member and showing a ring-shaped latch member having been removed therefrom;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of interior portions of the upper half of the clamp assembly; and
FIG. 8 is a plan view of interior portions of the lower half of the clamp assembly.
Turning now to the drawings, a throttle twist grip assembly generally indicated by the numeral 10 includes a grip section 12 mounted on an end of the handlebar 14 by means of the clamp assembly 16 for angular rotation in either of two directions as indicated by the arrows 18 and 20 in FIG. 2. Grip section 12 comprises a suitable grip covering 22 encircling and conformally attached to an elongate, tubular member 24 which is sleeved over one end of the handlebar 14 and is rotatable with respect to the latter. The end of tubular member 24 adjacent the clamp assembly 16 is essentially open and includes a pair of circular, spaced rib members 26 around the exterior thereof which form a pulley or spool means 27 upon which one extremity of the control cable 28 is wound and unwound upon rotation of the grip section 12.
Clamp assembly 16 may be manufactured as by molding from plastic or metal alloys and comprises an upper half 30 and a lower half 32 joined together and held fast to the handlebar 14 by means of a pair of screws 34. The upper and lower half 30 and 32 respectively of the clamp assembly 16 each include generally open interior areas 36 forming in combination with the handlebar 14, a housing defining a ring-shaped, cylinderical cavity therewith. The upper half 30 of the clamp assembly 16 includes an arcuate, elongate slot 38 extending essentially perpedicular to the longitudinal axis of the handle bar 14, and extending circumferentially, partially around the curved exterior surface of clamp assembly 16 placing the open interior areas 36 of the latter in communication with the area outside the collar housing 16 and adjacent the grip section 12. As best seen in FIG. 4, the spool means 27 adjacent one extremity of the tubular member 24 is disposed within the open interior areas 36 of the clamp assembly 16, one of the ribs 26 being slidably engagable with an annular shoulder formed by upstanding edges 39 on the upper and lower half 30 and 32 respectively of the clamp assembly 16.
Latch means including a latch ring member 40 is adapted to be fastened to the tubular member 24 adjacent the spool means 27 and comprises an annular sleeve 42 insertable in a slip-fit manner into the open end of the tubular member 24, and is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced, cylinderical cavities 44 in one side thereof of suitable configuration to matingly receive the stud elements 46 circumferentially spaced and depending from the adjacent rib member 26. Latch ring member 40 preferably comprises a resilient molded plastic material such as "DELRIN" and includes an arcuate cut-out segment 48 therein, between the inside and outside diameter thereof, which cut-out segment extends circumferentially around a portion of the member 40. An opening or cut-out area 50 is provided between the cutout segment 48 and exterior surface portions of the latch member 40 to create a relatively thin, resilient, arcuately shaped appendage or latch portion 52 having a free extremity thereof adjacent the opening 50, the opposite extremity of latch portion 52 being mounted in cantilever fashion to the main body of latch ring member 40. An actuating portion 54 comprising an upstanding, manually engagable member is secured to the outer surface of latch portion 52, and is preferably molded integral with the latter, while an upwardly projecting latching or keeping portion 56 depends outwardly from the free extremity of latch portion 52.
As best seen in FIG. 4, with the latch member 40 fastened to the tubular member 24, the member 40 is sleeved over the handlebar 14, essentially concentric with respect to the tubular member 24, and is rotatably disposed within the open interior portions 36 of the clamp assembly 16, the outside diameter of latch member 40 being marginally smaller than the diameter of the cylinderical cavity formed by the open interior areas 36. The actuating portion 54 extends out through the slot 38 to a position adjacent the grip section 12 which is easily accessable by the thumb of the vehicle operator's hand gripping the grip section 12, while the keeper portion 56 also extends up into the slot 38 and normally remains disposed therewithin until the latch portion 52 is unlatched in a manner later described. It can be appreciated from the foregoing, that the latch member 40 is fastened to the tubular member 24 through the spool means 27 and slidably engages interior surface portions of the clamp assembly 16 upon rotation of the tubular member 24 by the vehicle's operator, while the clamp assembly 16 itself remains in a fixed position on the handlebar 14.
The remote end 58 of the cable 28 will be suitably connected with the carburation structure (not shown) of the vehicle's engine (not shown) and will also be suitably coupled with the compression release device (not shown) associated with the engine's combustion chamber. The specific manner in which the remote end 58 of the cable 28 is so fastened will depend upon the particular configuration of the engine which may vary with the various types of vehicles involved. However, it is understood that those skilled in the art may readily devise appropriate mechanism for coupling the vehicle's carburetor structure and compression release device to the single control cable 28. Typically, the compression release device will be coupled to the cable 28 in such a manner to be actuated only on those occasions when the cable 28 has been shifted a prescribed distance in a preselected direction.
The cable 28 is of the known variety and is trained through a metal jacket 60 having a protective sheath 62 such as vinyl plastic formed therearound. Lower half 32 of the clamp assembly 16 includes a funnel-like conduit 64 projecting from the circumference thereof which includes an apperture in the end thereof, interior surface portions of the conduit 64 being threaded to threadably receive the adjustable insert 66 whose position within the conduit 64 may be adjusted by the provision of a securement nut 68 threadably engaging the insert 66 and contacting the end of the conduit 64. The proximal end of the cable 28 includes a retaining element 90 in the nature of a cylindrically shaped fitting secured thereto which is inserted through an access opening 92 in one of the rib members 26 adjacent the latch member 40, and is retained within recessed portions 94 between the rib members 26.
In operation, the grip section 12 is twistable in a first rotational range from a first throttle position corresponding to an idling condition of the vehicle's engine in which the keeper portion 56 is disposed at one end of the slot 38 and engages the upper half 30 of the clamp assembly 16, to a second throttle position corresponding to a full throttle condition of the engine wherein the actuating portion 54 is shifted to a position adjacent the other end of the slot 38 and engages portions of the upper half 30 of the clamp assembly 16; thus it is apparent that the first rotational latitude or "range" given to the grip section 12 is determined by the spacing on the latch portion 52 between the actuating portion 54 and keeper portion 56. Under ordinary conditions when the vehicle's engine is providing motive power, the engine speed is being controlled by the throttle twist grip 10 and the grip section 12 is operable in the normal manner between the idle and full throttle positions mentioned above. Upon twisting of the grip section 12, the cable 28 trained around the tubular member 24 and confined between the rib members 26 is wound upon the spool means 27 and is shifted toward and twist grip assembly 10 as the grip section 12 is shifted from an idle toward the full throttle position, while the cable 28 is unwound upon twisting of the grip portion 12 from a full throttle position to an idle position in the direction of the arrow 18. With the grip section 12 disposed in its idle position with the keeper portion 56 contacting one end of the slot 38, the vehicle's operator may effectuate compression release of the engine's cylinder chamber merely by thumb depression of the actuating portion 54 and rotation of the grip section 12 into a second latitude or "range" of rotation in the direction of the arrow 18. Upon depression of the actuating portion 54, the keeper portion 56 shifts inwardly toward handlebar 14 and into the cut-out segment 48, in clearing relationship with the clamp assembly 16, to permit further rotation of the grip section 12 past the normal idle position until the actuating portion 54 comes into contact with the clamp assembly 16 at the end of the slot 38, during which rotation the cable 28 will be shifted in a direction away from the throttle twist grip assembly 10 a distance correlatable to the distance between the actuating portion 54 and keeper portion 56. As the actuating portion 54 is depressed and grip section 12 is rotated into the compression release range, the cable 28 functions to actuate the engine's compression release device, which device is maintained in its actuated state until the grip section 12 is rotated back toward its idle position in the direction of the arrow 20, whereupon the keeper portion 56, by virtue of the resiliency of the latch portion 52 which is biased outwardly along the interior of the collar housing 16, springs outwardly back into its latched position within the slot 38 thereby relatching the throttle twist grip 10 in its throttling range of rotation until subsequently unlatched by the operator of the vehicle.
The application and method of use of the throttle twist-grip which forms the present invention has been made apparent by the foregoing description. The novel latch assembly uniquely cooperates with a twist-grip type control to provide both a throttling and compression release control function using a single control cable. The twist grip construction, by virtue of the provision of a novel, cost effective, reliable latch mechanism also has clear application where it is desired to provide any of various types of twist grips with a pair of separate, descrete ranges of rotational operation.
From the foregoing, it is clear that the invention provides a twist-grip control having a pair of separate, selectable rotational ranges which may be operatively associated with differing control functions through the provision of a novel latch construction. It is recognized, of course, that those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the preferred embodiment chosen to illustrate the invention without departing from the gist and essence thereof. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the protection sought and to be afforded hereby should be deemed to extend to the subject matter claimed and all equivalents thereof fairly within the scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 3, 1949
|Jan 20, 1953
|Fred M Friedlob
|Combined compression relief and carburetor control for internal-combustion engines
|Sep 23, 1955
|Jan 8, 1957
|Jr John C Nichel
|Hand grip control device for internal combustion engines
|Apr 9, 1956
|Feb 24, 1959
|Gen Motors Corp
|Hand control mechanism for vehicles
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 25, 1981
|Jul 24, 1984
|Gustav Magenwirth Gmbh & Co.
|Gas twist grip for handlebars of motor-driven two-wheeled vehicles
|Jan 22, 1985
|Oct 7, 1986
|Compagnie Industrielle De Mechanismes En Abrege C.I.M.
|Device for winding a traction and thrust cable and a window-raiser provided with such a device
|Oct 18, 1985
|Jun 30, 1987
|Ets. Huret Et Ses Fils
|Speed change mechanism for a bicycle
|Oct 15, 1986
|Jun 13, 1989
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Throttle actuator for a vehicle
|Feb 22, 1989
|Jan 23, 1990
|Aero Toys, Incorporated
|Hand grip for cycle handles
|Dec 17, 1993
|Apr 4, 1995
|Mcdonnell Douglas Helicopter Company
|Power management for a turbine powered helicopter
|Dec 27, 1993
|Jan 9, 1996
|Mory Suntour Inc.
|Bicycle speed change operation assembly
|Aug 24, 1994
|Jun 11, 1996
|Sram Corporation
|Detent spring for rotatable grip actuating system
|Oct 27, 1994
|Oct 15, 1996
|Sram Corporation
|Nubbed grip for rotatable bicycle gear shifter
|Aug 9, 1994
|Dec 17, 1996
|Sram Corporation
|Rotatable grip for derailleur type bicycle gear shifting system
|Mar 1, 1996
|Sep 2, 1997
|Sram Corporation
|Detent spring for rotatable grip actuating system
|Jul 2, 1998
|Nov 16, 1999
|Yu-Chuan Yen
|Auxiliary handlebar of bicycle
|Apr 14, 1999
|Nov 7, 2000
|Orville J. Birkestrand
|Contactless electronic control system for modular motorized wheel hub
|Jul 22, 1997
|Feb 6, 2001
|Kioritz Corporation
|Hand lever apparatus
|Nov 26, 1997
|Mar 13, 2001
|Sram Corporation
|Bulbous grip for rotatable bicycle gear shifter
|Jan 20, 1999
|Oct 2, 2001
|Opti-Bike Llc
|Electric bicycle and methods
|Jan 23, 2001
|Apr 23, 2002
|Samuel Y. T. Strong
|Handlebar accelerator for an electrical bicycle
|Jan 31, 2000
|Apr 22, 2003
|Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Throttle control for small watercraft
|May 24, 2001
|Jul 8, 2003
|Sram Deutschland Gmbh
|Integrated twist grip shifter
|Apr 18, 2001
|Sep 9, 2003
|Iron Braid, Inc.
|Grip assembly for a handlebar
|Aug 17, 2001
|Oct 7, 2003
|Opti-Bike Llc
|Electric bicycle and methods
|Feb 25, 2003
|Mar 2, 2004
|Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Engine power output control for small watercraft
|Sep 11, 2002
|Nov 23, 2004
|Bryan W. Fechner
|Motorcycle cruise control system with brake release
|Jun 25, 2004
|Feb 7, 2006
|Mattel, Inc.
|Children's ride-on vehicle
|Jan 10, 2006
|Oct 30, 2007
|Harley-Davidson Motor Company Group, Inc.
|Throttle position sensor
|Jul 2, 2007
|May 12, 2009
|Mattel, Inc.
|Children's ride-on vehicle
|Oct 26, 2007
|Jun 9, 2009
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Variable speed transmission adjustable twist control apparatuses and methods for self-propelled mowing machine
|Sep 14, 2010
|Honda Motor Company, Ltd.
|Vehicles including control assemblies having rotatable control knobs
|Apr 6, 2009
|Mar 27, 2012
|Mattel, Inc.
|Children's ride-on vehicle
|Oct 30, 2012
|Ev-Ip, Llc
|Methods and apparatus for utilizing electrically powered vehicles
|Sep 11, 2002
|Mar 13, 2003
|Fechner Bryan W.
|Motorcycle cruise control system with brake release
|Jun 25, 2004
|Feb 17, 2005
|Huntsberger Kurt J.
|Children's ride-on vehicle
|Jan 5, 2004
|Jul 7, 2005
|Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
|Variable speed transmission twist-grip throttle control apparatuses and methods for self-propelled mowing machine
|Jan 7, 2005
|Sep 29, 2005
|Dave Zimmerman
|Motorcycle handle bar
|Aug 26, 2005
|Dec 22, 2005
|Huntsberger Kurt J
|Children's ride-on vehicle
|Apr 1, 2005
|Oct 5, 2006
|Eric Stevens
|Vehicles including control assemblies having rotatable control knobs
|Jan 10, 2006
|Jul 12, 2007
|Harley-Davidson Motor Company Group, Inc.
|Throttle position sensor
|Jul 2, 2007
|Nov 15, 2007
|Huntsberger Kurt J
|Children's ride-on vehicle
|Aug 31, 2007
|Feb 28, 2008
|Osborne Christopher M
|Variable speed transmission twist-grip throttle control apparatuses and methods for self-propelled mowing machine
|Oct 26, 2007
|Apr 30, 2009
|Scott Kaskawitz
|Variable speed transmission adjustable twist control apparatuses and methods for self-propelled mowing machine
|Jul 17, 2008
|Jul 23, 2009
|John Weslie Amce
|Machine for selecting a throttle type using a selector switch handle lock out
|Feb 4, 2010
|George Howell
|High-performance Chopper Throttle
|Dec 10, 2010
|Apr 7, 2011
|Ev-Ip, Llc
|Methods and Apparatus for Utilizing Electrically Powered Vehicles
|Sep 2, 2011
|Mar 15, 2012
|Domino S.P.A.
|Heated Grip Easy to Mount on and to Adapt to Handlebars of Different Vehicles
|Feb 26, 1997
|Aug 29, 2001
|Univaxial composite control unit of bicycle
|Apr 23, 1987
|Apr 27, 1988
|British Aerospace Public Limited Company
|Manual control apparatus for the thrust magnitude and thrust vector angle of an aircraft
|Jul 3, 1990
|Feb 6, 1991
|Wagner F�rdertechnik GmbH & Co KG
|Control element for ground transport vehicles
|Feb 12, 1990
|Mar 6, 1991
|Yukio Nakamura
|Steering handle grip for jet-propelled type gliding boats
|U.S. Classification
|74/489, 74/551.9, 74/527, 74/538, 123/182.1, 74/526, 74/506
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 31, 1988
Owner name: LATSHAW ENTERPRISES, INC.,
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CONCHEMCO, INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:004998/0094
Effective date: 19880411
Owner name: WESCON PRODUCTS COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE, KANSAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LATSHAW ENTERPRISES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005006/0485
Effective date: 19880502


text:
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My issue is that I'm trying buy pastry flour, for the first time in a long time, and I'm having a devil of a time finding it. I haven't had the time to bake in years, and now that I do, I've been so looking forward to making pies again, ergo the quest for pastry flour. I used to use King Arthur Round Table which was 9.3% protein (which is also Rose's recommendation in her Pie and Pastry Bible), but it isn't on their website and when I called KA they seem to not be making this any more. They are making a "pastry blend" of either 8% or 10.3%, but I'm reluctant to stray from the 9.3% I've always used—and that Rose has recommended.
I may be the source of the problem: when I try and search on-line for pastry flour at 9.3% I see some references to whole-wheat flour. I don't remember ever using whole wheat flour for pastry, but maybe I did and have just forgotten it.
What say you, and what do you use, please?]]>
I am starting a dog treat business and would like to decorate Pupcakes with sculpted fondant, but I don't want all of the sugar called for in the recipe. Do you suppose the texture would turn out reasonably manageable if I used a substitute like wheat flour to bind everything else together, or does the sugar serve another purpose (besides flavor)?
Any thoughts would be greatly appreciated!
4:20 pm - well I did it, and it is fabulous!!]]>
I recently made a Chocolate Oblivion Truffle Torte from Rose's Cake Bible for an event (it was smashing!), and have a question about storing such a creation if there happen to be leftovers (HA!).
The notes attached to the recipe mention that it tastes best served at room temperature, but can you store it at room temp for a prolonged period, or does it need refrigeration after a certain point ?
I am not sure how the sugar content of the chocolate balances out with the butter and eggs in terms of any food safety requirements, especially since the baking time is so short.
Are there any general rules to follow about what baked goods do or don't need refrigeration?


text:
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Law School Admissions / NBC: Please stop airing the Olympics. I want to see Conan and Leno« on: August 26, 2004, 07:29:21 PM »
As much cache as the poignant story of synchronized diving has, I want out.
This section allows you to view all posts made by this member. Note that you can only see posts made in areas you currently have access to.


text:
The Motley Fool Discussion Boards
|Previous Page
Personal Finances / Buying or Selling a Home
|Subject: Re: Selling: more of a rant than anything
|Date: 3/12/2013 3:38 PM
|Author: inparadise
|Number: 124950 of 128214
His Realtor didn't do a good job though and included our washer/dryer as a part of the sale. It clearly stated in every part of our sale that they did not convey. Normally I wouldn't mind, but we spent $2,500 on them and they are less than a year old.
So Tuesday he got the 'counter' from us stating the same conditions he listed ($500 over selling, no inspection) without washer and dryer. He was informed by his Realtor and waited two days to sign, while trying


text:
How can i find out who the registered owner of a vehicle is?Asked in Salinas, CA - 4 attorneys answered
What should we do? We bought a car but seller is not the registered owner.Asked in San Francisco, CA - 3 attorneys answered
Can someone else get the car out of impound if they are not the registered owner?Asked in City Of Industry, CA - 2 attorneys answered
Can someone other than the registered owner of a car sell the car?Asked in Glendale, CA - 3 attorneys answered
Uninsured accident- can I remove liability from current registered owner? How?Asked in Hillsboro, OR - 1 attorney answered
Mother has lien on my car but i am registered owner, creditor wants to seizeAsked in Laguna Beach, CA - 1 attorney answered
Will I be able to get my car out of impound when the registered owner is in another state ?Asked in Riverside, CA - 3 attorneys answered
Question regarding financed vehicle and rights of registered owner.Asked in Oxnard, CA - 1 attorney answered
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If you can't find what you're looking for, here are some places to get started.


text:
Try some delicious treats, see some of the famous historical sights then finish up swimming, tanning and eating by the Caribbean. You'll enjoy browsing through traditional handicrafts at the local markets, eating your way through arty Oaxaca, escaping the Mexican heat in San Cristobal de las Casas and discovering one of the New Seven Wonders of the World Chichen Itza.
With history, culture, sunshine and tasty cuisine, Mexico is the ideal destination in Central America.
Spend 10 days exploring Mexico's Mayan historical sites with time to kick-back and relax on this interesting tour.
Great travel advice to help you find your next perfect holiday. Observe the wildlife of Botswana in our Winter issue.
Simply fill out the form below and one of our agents will be in touch with you shortly!
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Chelsea Hotel
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews Chelsea Hotel Manali
Travel Blogs from Manali
"Indelible journey to a dreamy land"
... that moment,first snowfall of the season. I couldn't able sleep whole night. I sat at the window and tried to fell that moment even though it was too dark outside and I could barely see the snowfall. I got up really early and the same place looked absolutely different, so divine. Wherever you see it's all white covered with fresh snow. It snowed continuously for two days. Everyone staying at that place has already left because the ...
Himalayan Himachel
... br>
McLeod is nestled beautifully in the Himalayas and so we decided to do a two day trek to climb up to see a glacier. We first headed to what we thought was another village, Triund. It wasn't a village... it was a forestry commission hut on a ridge and so rather than have a guest house for the night we ended up in a tent. It was only 9km from McLeod but it was also a 1km climb and so took us all morning. After dropping off our stuff, we carried ...
The End Is Near! (Or is it just the beginning?)
... these young Empowered Tibetan Girls that can now play football!! The Tibetan community can be very proud of them all.
Mr.James. Our Mind Trainer. Realistic Problem Solver, who always kept us laughing. If you ever loose your long johns then you can be sure James, he looks like a Irish Lephricorn, is near by! (especially if they are lilac in colour!) Thank you for being You!
Ngawang Namdol. ChoCho Namdol. Big Brother. Translator. Peace Maker. Captain Organiser and all ...
Home of the Homeless Dalai Lama
... we would have loved to have a cone. We have read that they are expanding the number of McD's outlets that have non-veg items on menu. Just do not expect beef….
I scored the front seat which made up somewhat for the rattling windows and squeaking wheel-wells. I didn't know it at the time, but that seat is reserved for the conductor, the driver's colleague who handles the money. The conductor asked me to move and I ...
To the hills
... for a very exciting package of four new rims supplied by the lovely Jason at Weinnman in China. Amazingly the new rims turned up exactly on time and we were happy to be on a bus to Shimla with the knowledge that we now had a set of Zac 2000 rims which promised to be stronger than the previous two incarnations.
An epiphany, 'the sudden leap in understanding associated with the appearance of a divine being.' Unfortunately mine was not a new found understanding of ...
Other places to stay in Manali
Holiday Inn ManaliPrini, Manali Naggar Highway, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $132
Royal Park ResortNaggar Road, Prini, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $26
Honeymoon Inn ManaliLeft Bank, Aleo, Manali | 2 star hotelfrom $73
Silmog GardenModel Town, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $18
Hotel Snowcrests ManorBeyond Log Huts, Manali | 2 star hotelfrom $29
Apple Country ResortLog-Huts Area, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $83
Banon Resorts ManaliNew Hope Orchards, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $84
Sarovar Portico, ManaliClub Road, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $76
Manali HeightsLog Hut Area, Manali | 4 star hotelfrom $44
Solang Valley ResortV.P.O. Palchan, Manali, Distt.Kullu, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $33
The River Crescent Resort2558-1, VPO, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $97
Hotel Ankit PalaceAleo Naggar Road, Manali | Hotelfrom $16
Snow Valley ResortsLog Hut Area, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $42
Sarthak ResortsKhakhnal, Naggar Road Left Bank, Manali | 2 star hotelfrom $43
Hotel Snow PrincessNational Highway, Manali | 1 star hotelfrom $36
De Vivendi ResortsNaggar Road, Prini, Manali | 1 star hotelfrom $63
Glacier ResortsHadimba Devi Road, Manali | Hotelfrom $43
HighlandPark ManaliNehru Kund, Manali | 4 star hotelfrom $141
Manali InnNational Highway 21, Manali | Hotelfrom $46
Johnson LodgeCircuit House Road, Manali | 1 star hotelfrom $53
Hotel VintageLeft Bank, Aleo Naggar Road, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $29
Hotel GreenfieldsNear Himachal Tourism Log Huts, Distt.kullu, Manali | Hotelfrom $24
Loch Achray HotelTrossachs, Aberfoyle | Hotelfrom $15
Hotel New AdarshBehind Adarsh Restaurant (2nd Lane), Manali | 2 star hotelfrom $16
Heritage Village ResortNagar Manali Road, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $39
Hotel Sitara InternationalNational Highway-21, Manali | 3 star hotelfrom $18


text:
NetWorker sets the standard for mission-critical data protection and disaster recovery for enterprise computing.
What does NW stand for?
NW stands for NetWorker
This definition appears very frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Information technology (IT) and computers
- Business, finance, etc.
See other definitions of NW
Other Resources:
We have 37 other meanings of NW in our Acronym Attic
- Abbreviation Database Surfer
- « Previous
- Next »
- London Northwest (postcode, United Kingdom)
- Nanowatt (one-billionth of a watt)
- National Waterway (India)
- National Westminster Bank
- Negligible Weathering
- Neighborhood Watch (various locations)
- Net Weight
- NetWare (Novell)
- NetWeaver (SAP)
- Network
Samples in periodicals archive:
Networker enables corporations to take full advantage of their data stores of candidate information by allowing them to share resumes across participating companies.
An overwhelming majority of Networkers attendees responding to a Cisco Systems survey attributed life changing experiences to the communications, collaborations and success they have achieved through online experiences.
NetWorker PowerSnap intelligently integrates instant backup and rapid recovery via snapshots in StorageTek D-Series disk subsystems -- powered by technology from LSI Logic Storage Systems -- with traditional backup and recovery operations, managing backup to tape from snapshots as well as recovery from either snapshots or tape.
8, 2003 NetWorker(TM) PowerSnap(TM) with NetWorker 7.
LEGATO Single Server Version (LSSV) is an Oracle-branded 'lite' version of LEGATO NetWorker and the LEGATO NetWorker Module that ships with every Oracle9i CD worldwide, and is the only third party data protection software Oracle distributes.
LEGATO NetWorker Module for Lotus received the Silver Award in the category of Infrastructure Tools.
Industry-Leading Disk Backup Capabilities NetWorker 7 enhances NetWorker's DiskBackup(TM) Option by delivering the ability to simultaneously perform multiple reads and writes to disk as a backup target.


text:
Vesta Dipping Grill offers 36 sauces with flavors from all over the map.
Add a dash of flavor and heat with this hot sauce recipe from Food 911.
Chuck's sauce makes the stuff in a jar taste like, well, "stuff in a jar."
Can you take the heat? Jeffrey tries a sauce made from the hottest peppers.
Welcome to Zack & Zane's, a family-run business with a saucy reputation.
Dave Lieberman prepares a super-quick, money-saving pizza sauce.
Aarti visits Barbuto in NYC to learn what goes into real Bolognese sauce.
Make a classic, versatile marinara sauce in just a few easy steps.
These fat-free sauces will liven up your meals without adding extra fat.
Ching makes two dipping sauces to spice up frozen ready-made dumplings.
Get Cooking Channel on your TV.


text:
Deep Under the Sky
By Northway Games Corp.
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
A zen-paced arcade game about exploding jellyfish. Using simple controls, fly through the air and explore a psychedelic alien landscape.
"I dig it... I dig it greatly." - TotalBiscuit
"So gorgeous and well-made that it's worth checking out no matter what." - Touch Arcade
- 80 levels in four gorgeous worlds to explore
- Trippy chillout soundtrack
- Simple one-finger controls
- Super gorgeous high-def graphics on new iPhone 6 and 6+
- Hidden bonus stars
- Physics based explosions - jellyfish bits everywhere!
- Collect all the stars to unlock hardcore DARK MODE...
What's New in Version 1.206
Support for rad new phones and operating systems.
Customer Reviews
Great Game. I want more!
Wonderful game. Great visuals, fantastic controls. I've played thru the entire game twice. Would love to see the dev add more levels and/or create a sequel.
It crashed
I would have loved to play it but, every time I try to open it it crashes and I don't get to play
- $3.99
- Category: Games
- Updated: Oct 13, 2014
- Version: 1.206
- Size: 153 MB
- Language: English
- Seller: Northway Games Corp.
- © 2014 Rich Edwards and Colin Northway
Compatibility: Requires iOS 6.1 or later. Compatible with iPhone 4, iPhone 4s, iPhone 5, iPhone 5c, iPhone 5s, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone SE, iPad, and iPod touch.


text:
Brad Mathews
A little round in the middle and a little shiny on top.
Dad to a 6 year old and step dad of, 3 ages 16 to 24 at last calculation.
Used to do downhill mountain biking, used to play drums, used to have season tickets to the San Jose Sharks, used to... well you get the idea. Married with kids, self-employed with most of my clients in lending/real estate.
Been programming since 1978, starting on a TRS-80 Model 1 with all of 4k of memory and a cassette deck for storage. When the Model 2 came out, I stayed up most of the night reading the manual and studying the new Basic commands. 35 years later and I am still programming Basic?
2 answers
4 questions
~4k people reached
- San Jose, CA
- maphazardspro.com
- Member for 3 years, 6 months
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- Last seen Jul 21 at 22:39
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