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Wusthof Classic 6-Inch Cook's Knife
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- Heavy 6-inch blade superior for chopping and other cutting tasks
- Forged high-carbon stainless steel blade, hand-honed for razor-like sharpness
- Traditional-style composition handle is triple-riveted for strength and permanence
- Dishwasher safe
- Lifetime guarantee
- Heavy 6-inch blade superior for chopping and other cutting tasks
- Forged high-carbon stainless steel blade, hand-honed for razor-like sharpness
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This item: Wusthof Classic 6-Inch Cook's Knife
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Customer Reviews
Top Customer Reviews
Like any knife, it will loose its factory edge after a few days (or hours, if you work in a prep-intensive kitchen like i do) of use. This knife is worthless without a steel, and i've found that after about a dozen proper passes over a diamond or sharpening steel (not a honing steel, so use a flat one, not a round one for all you home cooks out there) the knife can be returned to a state just short of its factory edge, which is practically unheard of with most knives. So if this is your first, or only knife, BUY A STEEL. And not jsut any steel, buy the Wusthof steel for this series (or if you want to get technical, any steel that has a higher rating on the Moh's Hardness scale than the knife does).
The one drawback I have found with this entire series of knives (i had 12 different wusthof classics) is that the polypropelene handles are prone to cracking after about a year of use.Read more ›
I had to explain that while the knives she gave me were nice, they don't even compare to my Wustofs. My Wustof knives retain an amazing sharpness (even when I'm a little lazy about sharpening them). Their balance is unparalleled. The handle fits my hand perfectly. The knives that she sent me always feel dull in comparision, and the handle is simply uncomfortable.
I consider a good cook's knife to be essential for anyone who cooks. The question of which cook's knife to buy depends on the person who will be using it. There are two different questions: which model to purchase, and which length to purchase.
There are two main knife manufacturers: Wustof and Henckels. I think that Wustof knives are better made. However, some people prefer the handles on the Henckels. The Henckels handle is extremely uncomfortable for me, so I don't even consider them.
The second question is that of length. If you are taller, you will want a longer knife. Shorter people will want a shorter knife. I stand at 5'7" (170cm), and find that the 8" knife is most comfortable for slicing and chopping. My best friend is about an inch taller than me and also prefers this knife. A friend who is a couple of inches shorter than me prefers the 6" cook's knife.
If you have never purchased high-quality knives before, I would recommend that you go to a traditional store and try them out first. You want to see if the handle is comfortable and if the balance is right for you.Read more ›
Yesterday I took a knife-handling techniques course offered by a Wusthof rep at a local shop and was amazed by how quickly this knife turned carrots, celery, and nearly anything else into neat slices and chunks. Using the grip described above, one merely rolls the knife back onto the item being cut, lifts the back only, and repeats, sliding the food into the knife. The front of the blade merely rolls and slides on the cutting board, and is never lifted. (Compared to this, the instructor said my lift-and-chop technique was fairly effective, but abusive! *L*) With this knife, you could cut a carrot or celery into neat, thin little slices in less time than it takes to lift the lid off your food processor and get ready to clean it.
I've got other good knives - prior to this knife, I already owned Henckels 4-star 6" chef's and fillet knives, a Henckels Pro-S 3" paring knife, and a Wusthof hollow-edge santoku (another awesome tool). The Henckels knives are excellent quality, but do not lend themselves to the forward grip; I tried it with my Henckels chef's knife and found that the forged bolster felt sharp-edged when I gripped the blade this way. Make no mistake - the Henckels is an excellent knife and works well, albeit with slightly less control, when all fingers are wrapped around the handle. The Wusthoff knife has a shallower transition fillet from blade to bolster and lends itself to either grip.Read more ›
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
Love it. I should have bought a good chef's knife long ago.Published 14 hours ago by Marian Zanetti
Love Wusthof! They have the best German craftsmanship. I bought my first one of these 13 years ago, use it daily and recently / finally chipped on one side so I got my replacement. Read morePublished 3 days ago by Karin
Wonderful weight, balance and hand feel. VERY sharp. Wore cut protection gloves when I first used it - just in case my hand slipped.Published 12 days ago by Catherine Aitchison
Super sharp, well made and nicely balanced. Feels great in your handPublished 17 days ago by Jeffrey J Grant
Just a great knife. A little bigger than I was expecting - must have used the 6 inch in the past. But great balance and weight (not too heavy or light) and works beautifully.Published 18 days ago by Storyline
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I would trade Rondo for our first this year, Thorton, and Ben MC OR Thomas. But that's it. I'm not giving them both Thomas AND Ben with a pick.
edit: to give up Thompson and 2 first round picks with addition to thomas and ben is excessive for one player. I would trade Thomas, this year's pick, Thorton, and a filler for Rondo. But that wouldn't be appealing for the celts.
[ Edited by pdizo916 on Dec 17, 2013 at 10:49 AM ]


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Happy 95th Birthday to our "Rosie"
Edith Franks celebrated her 95th birthday today July 21. She is an authentic "Rosie the Riveter" and we have her tool box to prove it. Congratulations Edith! … Continue reading
MAPS Air Museum
|Sunday: 11:30 - 4:00
Monday: Closed
Tuesday: 9:00 - 4:30
Wednesday: 9:00 - 4:30
|Thursday: 9:00 - 4:30
Friday: 9:00 - 4:30
Saturday: 9:00 - 4:30
|2260 International Parkway
North Canton, Ohio 44720
Phone: 330-896-6332
Edith Franks celebrated her 95th birthday today July 21. She is an authentic "Rosie the Riveter" and we have her tool box to prove it. Congratulations Edith! … Continue reading →
Friday August 12 through Sunday August 14, 2016 will be a very special weekend at MAPS Air Museum. We will host the Collings Foundation Wings of Freedom Tour for the second year in a row. NP-0206_MAPS-Wings of Freedom-WNEO This year … Continue reading →
Please come see the changes and improvements that we are making. Thank you for supporting our events. Robert Preston will be selling Bi-Plane Rides … Continue reading →
Stark Community Foundation has awarded MAPS Air Museum a $15,000 educational grant for our High School US History program. $5,000 of the grant is contingent on raising matching contributions from individuals prior to November 2016. This program has grown significantly … Continue reading →
Thank You to all who supported this year's event. Don Sitts will sponsor MAPS Air Museum's 6th Annual Car Show on June 11, 2016. Please come join in the fun, see some beautiful cars and help support MAPS Air Museum. … Continue reading →
Click on the logo to go to the briefing. … Continue reading →
Ohio Regional Business Aviation Association will hold a Meeting at MAPS Air Museum on May 18, 2016 from 9:00 - 4:00 pm. Click HERE for more information or to register for the event. … Continue reading →
Click on the Logo to go to a PDF of the Briefing … Continue reading →
We have scheduled our Winter Cub Scout/Girl Scout Day for Feb 20,2016. We have scheduled our Spring Boy Scout Campout for May 13, 14, & 15, 2016. Note: 2016 Spring Campout was delayed one week from May 6 to May … Continue reading →
I can't think of anything more important than starting 2016 with brand new flags. Rick Hamlet, Bob Schwartz, Steve Satchell and I braved the bitter cold wind to setup the adjustments of our new flags. They were provided by Rolling … Continue reading →


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2007 Lexus GX 470 - Consumer Review
Average Consumer Rating
Total Reviews
Base 4dr SUV (4.7L V8 4x4 5-speed Automatic)
Build Quality
Reliability Value
Build Quality
Reliability Value
3 of 3 people found this review helpful
Solid, powerful and reliable
By active_dad on
Vehicle2007 Lexus GX 470 4dr SUV 4WD (4.7L 8cyl 5A)
ReviewWe owned a 2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee for 6 years before this, which was a solid and powerful SUV, but this GX is several rungs up the quality ladder. Ample, smooth
power, VERY comfortable and quiet even at freeway speeds. Rock solid in the snow and rain and very reliable. 3rd row seats are handy, and easy to fold up or down. Anyone who says it's difficult is mechanically inept. Literally takes < 1 min.
Not the best mileage at 14-15 mi. combined avg per gallon, but it is a fairly large SUV with a V8, so actually not too bad. Handles great for its size, and the driving modes and right height adjustments really help for specific driving and road types.
Best FeaturesSmooth & powerful V8, comfortable interior, reliable, extremely quiet, can go anywhere and over anything, and can also tow very well. Controls are simple and intuitive. Heated seats, 2nd row A/C, and reclining 2nd row seats are cool. If you're looking for an all-weather road trip vehicle that can tow and hold its own off-road, I can't imagine a much better SUV than this for the price.
Worst FeaturesNot sure why our 2007 has a cassette player? Navigation is a pain, but smart phones are better anyway. Bring back this body style, the new Lexus SUVs are UGLY!
Recommend (3) (0)
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Skip to comments.Embattled Senator says he's unaware of Cantor's loss (Cochran)
Posted on 06/13/2014 8:29:19 AM PDT by ConservativeMan55
Jun. 13, 2014 - 0:40 - Two days after Eric Cantors primary loss received wide-spread national attention, Republican Mississippi Senator Thad Cochran said he has no idea what happened in Virginia.
(Excerpt) Read more at video.foxnews.com ...
LOL first the animals deal and now this!
This guy is either clinically INSANE or he is trying to throw this race and didn't want to run in the first place!
What say you Karl Rove????????
I wonder if he's heard that Nixon resigned. The hits just keep on coming.
Musta missed it when he was out back behind the barn.
I think it really it is Alzeheimers. The GOP was going to just pull a Byrd with him and wheel him out to vote.
They are even more evil than even I thought.
He probably thinks he IS Nixon for all we know!
I'd say there's gonna be an avalanche of Chamber of Commerce, and RNC 'walkin around money' on the street for Democrat 'faux Republicans' to go vote for Thad.
They're aren't gonna be caught flat footed again.
I certainly hope all that money the Tea Party Express and all the attention they say they've been devoting to MS is really happening. I sure do hope Jenny Beth Martin's $15K/month consulting fee pays off.
This poor old man has been being used for years probably. They were going to wheel him out to vote....
Sen. Cochran Has Trouble Recalling Reporter After Just 30 Minutes!
Not "Express"....."Patriots" I meant. It's hard to keep them straight. The only thing I've gotten from any of them are beg letters for money.
How many fingers am I holding up, Senator? Who is the president of the United States? What day of the week is it? Do you know where you are?
I won't make fun of Thad nor degrade him. It is obvious he is suffering from dementia and receive our empathy. Having said that - I blame the GOPe for trying to keep this man in office when it is evident he isn't mentally capable of doing his job any more. Sad!
Maybe his handlers Need to get a griøp
Is there anyone on FR that is willing to say they are voting for this fool?
That is just . . . indecent.
OK. So "we" know what is going on ... With the New York money from Bloomberg, the national democratic press corpse, from the national GrOPE control.
What is the campaign doing with this information - It will NOT be released nor covered by Obama's ABCNNBCBS!
Damn Straight! After all of his nonsense with trashing Christine O'Donnell. Someone should demand that he AND McConnell ask Cochran to bow out ... NOW!
The GOPe would probably fare better in other races and in November if they eased Cocharan out before the primary and accept gracefully that they lost this one.
This man needs some medical attention, not another term in Congress. His demeanor suggests that he isn't even into it anyway. Gives a clear message of what type of person the GOP establishment would like in office.
Yesterday I still thought he was still just a regular RINO being a regular foot in mouth RINO, but this finishes it for me. There is no way he is of sound mind. It just is not possible. No one would be that blind to Cantor in his position. He is definitely not a well man.
It depends on a couple of things. It depends on whether these Tea Party organizations are really doing what they tell media sound-bite interviews they are, and whether the media outlets that interview them actually check it out to see if they're telling the truth and report it wholesale, truthfully.
I fear that most all of them are just waiting for MS election night when they can trumpet that the phenomenon that happened in VA 7th was just a fluke.
IOW, if the MS voters don't already have their ground game and funded support in place now, they won't get anything substantive to make a difference. None of the media in this country really wants 'Tea Party sentiment' to succeed.
If ever there were any doubts that Cochran is suffering from dementia then they should all be put to rest now. Still won't stop the GOPe from doing everything they can to get him re-elected.
Wow! You talk about a low information voter. This takes the cake. This idiot actually votes in the Senate. Incredible.
Hadn't thought of that. He really is the perfect Rovian candidate, isn't he?
"Just sign right here, Uncle Thad. It's really the best thing for you and everybody else."
He is not all there. Its actually cruel Haley Barbour has done this.
I catch hell for harping on the GOP but I mean come on. this is what they have become? Yes it is. They say the Dems wheel Byrd out drooling and decided that rather than have a non-puppet in the seat, they would use an old man with issues to keep getting their way. And they can see what his state is. They knew before we did. the process of Alzheimers is well known. Alz people do not do well in crowds or places of confusion/activity. It upsets them more and more as time passes. They were going to literally use him to death rather than have a conservative on the team.
That is as evil as it gets, especially when the Right are supposed to be the ones with the moral high ground.
There are actually quite a few Cochran supporters on FR. They are being very quiet at the moment. In their defense, they probably did not know any more than we did about the health of their candidate and right now they are probably more concerned about their friend than about the political circus. The real villains in this case are the manipulators who talked him into running again.
It is truly evil. What's worse is they're probably hoping Chris will say something about it so they can get the sympathy vote.
What I find incredible is that he's still so close in the polls.
The power of people willing to bury heads in the sand combined with the manipulative skills of a party is an amazing thing.
I think they mostly want the status quo, but I doubt they know the reality of this. If they find out, it will change.
I agree and relatively speaking .....I know its hard for Freepers to grasp..Cochran was fairly decent till Lott took off
He was pretty much under Lotts wing which hate him or not was more conservative than First....or apparently Thad too whose ACU rating has collapsed to 69 in the Obama years
Unacceptable for a state where nearly 90% of woods vote GOP...boy the irony there
Thad should a left last cycle....something is obviously amiss
Poor man
Let's be fair, he could be watching MSNBC.
Wow, I feel bad for him. The GOP is lautenberging him, but it's time to go home and be with family.
Stick a fork in Thad, he's done. He couldn't beat Chris McDaniel in the primary and turnout will be much lower for the runoff. McDaniel is a formidable candidate and his supporters are energized. Look for a "Brat-sized" thumping of Cochran in the run-off.
On the positive side, Thad will have much more time to spend with is good friend/landlord, Kay Webber. Better yet, they can do all of their traveling on their own dime, and not the taxpayer's.
The decline in his ACU rating might match his mental decline and the 'vote here' agenda of his staff.
I wonder who miss Kay voted for in '08...
His statement that either mccain or obama would make a fine president struck me as wonky. Likely the dementia had set in prior to that.
Not from this here fellow harpster you won't.
I was on the phone this morning to our congressman, who is hoping to become our new senator, and advised him once again that if they simply slide back to the same-ol' same-ol' then the letter-writing, phone-calling, door-knocking campaign begins to send him straight back to his good daddy's house-building business.
Yes, I know it's blaspheme too but with the likes of Corker, McCarthy, Cochrane ad nauseum we may as well turn it over the Reid, Pelosi and Elizabeth Warren right now.
For the cubicle bound here's the interview in transcript form..
Make it so people are doing the right thing for Thad by voting for Chris.
There is no difference. People scream bloody murder but at the end of the day the RINOs side with dems on all the big issues. Votes are manipulated, speeches are made, arms are twisted and by miracle, the Dems get their way when it matters most. With just enough GOP help to matter.
Odd that.
The other day another lesser evil fan tried cornering me on the Dems are worse thing. I asked him to show me a quantifiable difference.
I am still waiting. In fact, not one answer ever has been given with proof to back it up in all the time I've been here.
Not one.
Just ask if he is unaware of a seismic shift in his party leadership, how aware is he of the needs of his state?
No need to get into why.
Jim Jeffords Syndrome. Was he ever a Rep? Jeffords went to the House chamber to vote one day. The writing was on the wall...and Bernie Sanders continues the mental incapacitation.
But it now shows that Cochran could well lose the general election. If the NRSC is serious about winning the Senate, it will now shift its support to McDaniel.
Also, this was an unforced error. No one can say that McDaniel violated Reagan's eleventh commandment on this.
Mocking is neither fair to anyone afflicted with an age caused decline; and it certainly is not the way to motivate anyone else to work for the alternative candidate. While one can claim the mantle of realism, we should not forget that a sizable section of the electorate vote purely on emotion.
William Flax
"LOL first the animals deal and now this!"
You left out the $250,000 given to Thad's PAC in late May from bloomberg. The NRA apparently forgave Thad for his 1991 vote to ban "assault" weapons, will they forgive him for accepting money from the anti Second Amendment crowd?
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I am using WinSCP scripting for my backups and i wanted to know how to push one file to the remote server? i would then like to execute the script which i know how to do. Its just sending the one file without using sync that is the problem.
On the very same page you linked to there is a


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In 'The Wiccan Witch of the Midwest,' Lerner gives us another fun and dangerous romp with his returning character Samuel Roberts. Read More »
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Justin Long rose from TV and indie features to supporting and starring roles in major features like "Accepted" (2006), "Live Free or Die Hard" (2007) and "He's Just Not That into You" (2009). Long's droll timing and refusal to mug was crucial in elevating him from his early roles as social misfits on TV's "Ed" to nervous but capable young men in the mold of Jack Lemmon for the aforementioned projects, as well as "Herbie: Fully Loaded" (2005) and "Zack and Miri Make a Porno" (2008). His low-key presence in a series of popular television ads for Apple computer increased his visibility in 2006 and beyond, which in turn helped to make him one of the most likable and dependable comic actors in film.
Born Justin Jacob Long ihe was the second of three sons born to R. James Long, a philosophy professor at Fairfield University, and Broadway actress Wendy Lesniak. His mark on Fairfield College Preparatory School was perhaps best summed up by his yearbook superlative – "Most Likely Not to Be Seen in Class" – but he continued his education at Vassar College, where he appeared in several plays, as well as the sketch comedy group Laughingstock. Long cut his college education short to pursue his acting career, which began in earnest in 1999 with the Disney live-action film "Galaxy Quest."
The comedy, which cast Long as a nervous computer aficionado who aids the cast of his favorite sci-fi television series in landing a real spaceship, did much to establish his early screen persona. Despite his admission that his computer knowledge was, at best, limited, he tackled socially awkward, technologically inclined young men in comedies like "Happy Campers" (2001) and "Raising Genius" (2004). However, his best showcase during this period was as affable nerd Warren Cheswick on the television series "Ed." Though Warren endured the typical slings and arrows of high school life, the series' upbeat tone allowed him more than a few victories along the way, and even a few brushes with romance.
Long also broke successfully out of the misfit mold in several features. The hit horror film "Jeepers Creepers" (2001) cast him as a wise-cracking traveler who is pursued by a humanoid monster during a cross-country trip, while the Britney Spears vehicle "Crossroads" (2002) afforded him a moment in the teen idol spotlight as the singer-turned-actress's prom date and first screen kiss. The success of both projects increased Long's profile in the feature world, and led to more prominent roles in comedies and the occasional indie drama.
Though Long's post-"Ed" characters continued to toe the oddball line, his comic timing gradually elevated him from sidekick status to second lead and even starring roles in films with such box office champs as Ben Stiller and Lindsay Lohan. He was a member of Vince Vaughn's hapless "Average Joe" team in Stiller's broad comedy "Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story" (2004), then took top billing as a slacker biding his time as a server at a greasy spoon in "Waiting…" (2005) with Ryan Reynolds and Dane Cook.
The Disney comedy "Herbie: Fully Loaded" (2005) gave him another shot at screen romance, this time opposite Lohan, while the lowbrow "Sasquatch Gang" (2006) allowed him to stretch his comedy skills as a dim-witted opportunist seeking to cash in on an alleged Bigfoot sighting. He reunited with Vaughn for "The Break-Up" in 2006 before landing his second starring role in "Accepted" (2006). The comedy cast him as a scheming high schooler who creates his own college to distract his parents from his failing grades. Though each subsequent film helped make Long more visible in the entertainment industry, it was a series of television commercials that truly cemented his place on the post-millennial pop culture map.
In 2006, Long was partnered with humorist John Hodgman in a series of extremely well-received television ads for Apple computers, which boosted his profile considerably in 2007, which saw him co-starring with Bruce Willis and finding a place in Judd Apatow's cabal of comedy players.
The blockbuster "Live Free or Die Hard" (2007) cast him again as a computer jockey, though this time with the skills to aid Willis' indestructible cop John McClain in stopping a terrorist plot to shut down the United States' communication systems. Long also lent his voice to lead chipmunk Alvin in the live-action film version of the long-running cartoon series "Alvin and the Chipmunks" (2007) before giving an amusing impersonation of "Sgt. Pepper"-era George Harrison in the Apatow-produced biopic parody "Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story" (2007).
2008 saw Long firmly in comedy mode, with appearances in features ranging from the critically reviled "Strange Wilderness" to Kevin Smith's comedy hit "Zack and Miri Make a Porno," where he broke amusingly from type as a gay adult film star who helps inspire Seth Rogen and Elizabeth Banks to pursue their own fortune in pornography.
2009 was one of Long's busiest to date, with roles in films by the likes of Sam Raimi ("Drag Me to Hell"), Miguel Arteta ("Youth in Revolt") and Cheryl Hines ("Serious Moonlight"), as well as "Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakuel" on deck. In Planet 51, a new animated feature, Long lends his voice to innocent alien Lem, who befriends human earthling Captain Charles T. Baker [Dwayne Johnson]. Long talked to Paul Fischer in this exclusive interview.
Question: Do actors do these kinds of animated movies because for the child within? I mean, is that part of the appeal?
Long: Absolutely. I think just kind of participating in a different genre, is kind of nice. I'd like to do as many different types of movies as I can, and the challenge of trying to make that real. That, like, whole animated thing. Just to give them as much of a voice as the animators have, and try to help bring that to life.
Question: What, to you, is the challenge of creating the light vocal tone?
Long: Well with this, because I have a much deeper voice than I think people maybe realize, I just talked about pitching it up. It was really simple, actually and just having that constant reminder of his innocence, and his age. I think that just really naturally helped pitch it up and there were times when it was frustrating, because you want to give just as honest a performance, without having to worry about the tone – the intonation of the voice but it took me several years to finish recording, over which time I think my voice actually got a couple octaves deeper.
Question: It must be a challenge in itself, to go back and forth like that.
Long: Yeah, yeah. Obviously, the three directors were listening pretty closely and all the sound guys were really on top of the exact tone of my voice, but, yeah, it was difficult. It was frustrating for me to kind of always remember where to be and, you know, you also don't want to sound like you're forcing your voice, you don't want to sound like you're really pushing it, it'd just be annoying. At one point, before Planet 51, I had gotten cast as Despereaux in Tale of Despereaux and I recorded several sessions with them, over the course of a couple of months. It was a dream job, because I got to work with greats, like Kevin Kline, Dustin Hoffman and Tony Shalhoub, my heroes. And then they replaced me, because they said that my voice was too low. And Gary, the director, didn't want me – and I was like, "I can force it." Because when we first started recording, I kind of forced it up a little bit and he was like, "No, that just makes it unnatural, and it's not right, and I don't want you to have to worry about that. You just do your voice." It turns out they replaced me with Matthew Broderick, which was actually quite a compliment, as he was another childhood hero of mine.
Question: Well, with this one, I guess, it's The Rock and Jessica Biel. So, I don't suppose that's not too shabby—
Long: Not too shabby. We got Gary Oldman, too, and John Cleese, none of whom I worked directly with. It was different than my Tale of Despereaux experience, because Gary was actually having the actors interact. He felt it would give it a sort of immediacy, and like, organic flow, that being in a booth by yourself just doesn't create.
Question: Do you find it frustrating, being alone?
Long: Oh, yeah. I mean, on the one hand, it's liberating, because you don't have to worry about what you look like, and I tend to gesticulate a lot, so I could, wildly throw my hands around as much as possible without being sort of self-aware of my body and you can channel everything into your voice. So in that sense, it's liberating and it's kind of fun having someone else to bounce off of was really tricky. It's like, a whole different type of acting and you feel a bit schizophrenic, too, creating both sides. I would have loved to have done it directly with those guys, especially since we could have found some fun ad libs, or could have improvised moments, maybe. I think it helps make it more natural, but I saw the movie, and I would never have been able to tell.
Question: Now, in the years that we've spoken, your career has continually gone in leaps and bounds. How surprised are you by that? And what further challenges do you face as an actor, in this particular stage of your career?
Long: Well, I'm surprised as probably most everyone is, everyone but my mother, who's like, "No. I knew it." [LAUGHTER] No, she's not, actually. She's shocked, as well. But not a day goes by when I don't count my blessings and have an awareness of how fortunate I am. I don't come from a classically-trained background. I don't have, like movie star looks. let's face it. I'm kind of a shitty actor. So [LAUGHTER] – so, I – no, no, no, no, no. I'm fishing for compliments. But, I did a movie called Afterlife that was a really intense kind of dramatic role and I found it so terrifying to do, because I didn't know that I'd be able to go to these places. But it was also incredibly gratifying, in a way that a lot of movies I've done haven't been, in that way. They've been gratifying in other ways, but this was a whole different type of creative satisfaction. I'd love to do more dramatic movies. I'd kind of love to just work with people who are good. I know that's such a trite, cliché answer. But I'm getting to work with Robert Redford now, and it's sort of a surreal experience.
Question: Is that the film that he's directing?
Long: He's directing – it's called The Conspirators
Question: About Abraham Lincoln.
Long: Yes, and a story that was completely unfamiliar to me. It's really fascinating about the conspiracy surrounding the assassination, and the woman who ran the boarding house where Booth and all the conspirators would meet. It's a really cool story. But I have a small part, very small part.
Question: Whom do you play?
Long: I play James McAvoy's friend. It's really a very peripheral role, but it's just an honor to be in the company of these actors. Tom Wilkinson, and Kevin Kline, and McAvoy himself is great and to be directed by Redford – it's a really cool, surreal experience. But I also just love playing different types of characters. I don't necessarily need to be the lead, or do big studio movies, I just want to do as many cool little characters as I can, before I shuffle off this mortal coil.
Question: No – my God, you're a long way.
Long: Sorry, I got really weird and morbid. Sorry. [LAUGHTER] I got dark!
Question: What else are you working on?
Long: I finished this movie Going the Distance this summer, a rom-com. But it's a lot more kind of raw and realistic, I think, than most of those movies are. I'm excited about that. But right now, I'm kind of just reading scripts and I just finished writing one. So after The Conspirator, I'm working on my tan.
Question: Do you want to write and direct?
Long: I do, I do. I really do. I'm dying to. And there's something that I've written, that I'm really excited about, that I wrote with my little brother, and an actor named Keir O'Donnell, who I did The Break-Up with, and this Vince Vaughn Comedy Tour with, and we became really good friends. We wrote this script, that I think is good. I think we're ready to kind of put it out there, and try to get it made.
Question: Is it a comedic script?
Long: Yeah, it is, but it gets kind of serious. It's a relationship movie, about this guy who falls in love with this girl from afar, and kind of stalks her on the internet. He doesn't stalk her, but he – without – giving too much away – not that the world's clamoring to know. [LAUGHTER] Spoiler alert! He sort of creates his own profile to mirror hers, to kind of attract her.
Question: That sounds intriguing.
Long: Yeah, it's good. I'm really happy with the way it turned out, so I hope we can get people interested. Other than that, there's just been a bunch of little parts I've done that are coming out and hopefully I'll do something next year. I don't know. It's kind of nice having a couple of days off.


text:
What is the address of the property you are inquiring about?
Kathy Diegel
The Peggy Cobrin Team
Coldwell Banker
Bank owned condos have a hard time getting financing due to under water HOA's and lender underwriting. I posted a blockshopper link to that subdivision and they allow rentals ... more


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|Sent on:
|Monday, November 22, 2010 9:19 AM
I'm adding a CAPTCHA feature to a contact form for a client. There is a number of PHP CAPTCHA, but I would like to know what you folks have used and what you recommend.
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Web Developer
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Protect your deck or patio while displaying your favorite team! These 100% Vinyl Grill Mats are a universal fit to most grills, prevents spills from soaking in and staining, and cleans up easily with a garden hose.
5' x 8' Area Rug - Support your team with these stylish and officially-licensed plush area rugs. Show your team pride and add style to your tailgating party with FANMATS area rugs. Made in U.S.A. 100% nylon carpet and non-skid Duragon® latex backing. Officially licensed and chromojet painted in true team colors.
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Top Definition
black negro word. usually indicates excitement. When man goes to fast /w woman she usually screams this.
YEEEEEEEEAHYAAAAAAAAAAAAA o its soooooo good......mmmm ooooo ya do it again......
by Bubba December 28, 2004
Trending Now
When youre about to do something amazing and need to pump yourself up. Usually follows a skyward hand clap.
ALRIGHT BOYS LETS DO THIS!!!! *claps hands* YeahYA!!
by coolio5544 July 27, 2011


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UK game chart: Tomb Raider Definitive ends FIFA 14's reign
Tomb Raider: Definitive Edition has entered at number one in the UK game charts, knocking FIFA 14 off the top spot after four consecutive weeks.
It follows the revelation that Tomb Raider: Definitive Edition's PS4 and Xbox One versions each had different developers. Hit the link to see what went down.
According to chart-keeper UKIE, Tomb Raider: Definitive Edition was the UK's fourth-biggest 'week one' seller to date.
The full UK chart is as follows:
- Tomb Raider: Definitive Edition
- Call of Duty: Ghosts
- Battlefield 4
- LEGO Marvel Superheroes
- Assassin's Creed 4: Black Flag
- Minecraft: Xbox 360 Edition
- Need for Speed: Rivals
- Killzone: Shadow Fall
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


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(HOLLYWOOD, CA) -- The best night before Vegas is set to rock Los Angeles Saturday, November 12th as New Sensations and All Media Play team up with a host of top entertainment companies to throw what promises to be the greatest adult industry party ever.
Dark Angels 2: Bloodline, the epic motion picture sequel from New Sensations takes center stage at the VIP event which is expected to attract over 500 of the adult industry's hottest movie stars, directors, and business movers & shakers.
New Sensations will be joined by AEBN, SugarDVD, LA Direct Models, Sex Z Pictures, Hustler Video, VCA Pictures, Xflix, Metro Interactive, VVVXXX, Digital Sin, X-Play and the Free Speech Coalition for the exciting Undead Get Out of Bed Party which will take place at a secret location somewhere in LA. The exact party spot will not be revealed until a couple of days before the event.
This could be the greatest porn party ever because every gorgeous of age girl in the business will be there and we will all be drinking in the industry only huge VIP area without all of that club style intermingling, stated Jeff Mullen of All Media Play who has been active in throwing the best adult industry parties Los Angeles has ever witnessed including the Heidi Fleiss Sex Z Pictures Party, the Britney Rears DVD release Party and the Best Damn Porn Party Period.
A spectacular red carpet entry bathed in spotlights will usher in the 500 guests who will be allowed into the private VIP-only party room complete with complimentary bar from 9PM until 1:30AM. An adjacent media room will be abuzz with photographers and media types capturing the beautiful porn stars during this amazing evening.
We wanted to do something special for the Nic Andrews directed Dark Angels 2 movie and this night just seemed to get bigger and better each time we talked about it and now with all of these great companies in the house, the Undead Get Out of Bed Party is truly going to be the greatest night before Vegas. You dont want to miss this one, stated Scott David of All Media Play.
The VIP guest list will be limited to name players working in the adult movie and mainstream entertainment industries.
All porn stars 21 years and over will receive VIP status. Since the VIP guest list is limited to 500, you are requested to RSVP with each name in your party, occupation and the company you work for.
Confirmed guests are strongly encouraged to bring girls as packs of guys will not get in. Your admission will be verified via email in a few days.
This is going to be such an amazing night. I cant wait for this party, stated best new starlet contender Sunny Lane who plans to attend with a gaggle of sexy porn starlets.
This is going to be one hellava fun night, stated Mullen.
The Undead Get Out of Bed Party is Saturday, November 12th. Red carpet closes at 11pm.
VIP Guest List: firstname.lastname@example.com
Media Credentials: firstname.lastname@example.com
News Rack: 2015 ED Expo
ED Expo Returns to NO
Katrina Jade GOTM
Marica Hase Official Site
CatalystCon Sessions, Speakers
World Bukkake Tour
Cum Swallowing Auditions
Venus Anniversary 20
BBWcon Takes Over Vegas
Freedom Acres Party
Porn Star by Herschel Savage
TexXxas Fan Event
Shawna Lenee Dogfart GOTM
Paradise Marketing New Website
GFE at Sheri's Ranch
Samantha Hayes Interview
Dead But Dreaming ~ Reviewer Rated
Dava Foxx Self-Booking
Gina Valentina's 1st IR
Submission of Emma Marx: Exposed ~ Reviewer Rated
BBWcon 2016
New Webcam Opportunity
NaughtyAllie Facelift
Nina Elle MiniView
Kahlista Stonem Available
Sanders, Trump Joint News Conference
Naughty Massage
Redefining the Status Quo
Jenevieve Hexxx at Trixie's
Ocean News from Lexi Love
Hard Squeezes
APAC and Sex Worker Rights
New From Rodney Moore
RNSU Radio Thurs March 24
New Girls
What We Signed Up For
The Directors
What is Consent?
Bee, Evans at Sexpo
New Gay News Site
Alana Evans on MTV
Sexpo Cosplay
Cruz Receives Porn Offer
Poking Around AVN 2016
Deadly Famous
Planet Venus
The Hedge Against Exploitation
Performers File Unpaid Wage Claims
Carnal Comedy at Sapphires
Kendra Sunderland at Sapphire NYC
Gentlemen's Club Live Feed
Leya Falcon at AFFLV
Morgan, Lindemulder Headline Exxxotica
Cindy Starfall Appearances
Priya in NYC
Tony Batman to Big Easy
Elizabeth Bentley Hits Circuit
Allie Haze in Columbus
Vivid NYC Nommed
Raven Bay at Exxxotica
Little Sassee Cassee in OK
Dee, Michaels in Alabama
Nikki Benz Headlines Ohio
Galaxy Stars to Exxxotica
Caribbean Playground Party
Throwback Expo Registration Rates!
Tanya Tate at Comic Con
Bridget the Midget at Vivid Houston
Ideal Image Supperclub Party
Angela Sommers in Houston
Starfall to Exxxotica
Prinzzess at Treasure Chest
Danica Dillon in Bath
Library Girl at Exxxotica
ED Awards Host Thea Vidale
National Porn Star Day
Strippers Ready for Baseball
Karaoke XXX Needs New Location
ED Expo to Big Easy
Layla Price at Foxxx Booth
Nikki Phoenix Party
Viva Las Vicki
Kendra Lust in Detroit
Starr Sisters in Houston
Nikki Phoenix Update
Vegas Heat Party
XBIZ Rooftop Party
Heaven & Hell Halloween Party
Farrah Abraham at Hustler Hollywood
Amber Lynn at Wasteland
Stripclub Microbrewery on CNN
Nikki Phoenix Karaoke XXX
Asianmodelpalooza 14
Nikki Phoenix Appearances
Clubs & Appearances Section Index


text:
Vishal Bhardwaj's films may not be money spinners, but they are high on content as is his Priyanka Chopra starrer "7 Khoon Maaf" that has a different story to tell. The film has not only garnered good reviews but has so far earned Rs.28 crore from its opening week box office collections and satellite and […] Continue reading After good reviews, '7 Khoon Maaf' earns Rs.28 crore
Penguin to release a book on '7 Khoon Maaf'
Penguin is set to launch a book on Ruskin Bond's short story "Suzanna's Seven Husbands", which Bollywood filmmaker Vishal Bharadwaj has adapted into a movie and titled it "7 Khoon Maaf". "Penguin will release the book Feb 19. This will help readers know our journey from the short story to the film," said Bharadwaj. "7 […] Continue reading Penguin to release a book on '7 Khoon Maaf'
Bharadwaj offers variety in '7 Khoon Maaf' album
Film: "7 Khoon Maaf"; Music Director: Vishal Bharadwaj; Lyricist: Gulzar; Singers: Usha Uthup, Rekha Bharadwaj, Vishal Bharadwaj, KK, Clinton Cerejo, Master Saleem, Suresh Wadkar, Suraj Jagan and Francois Castellino; Rating: *** 1/2 When Vishal Bharadwaj decides to score music for a movie, fans are confident that he will come up with high quality compositions that […] Continue reading Bharadwaj offers variety in '7 Khoon Maaf' album


text:
40 Berkeley Hostel
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
- Page:1/1
- " - expect Cockroaches in your be (not kidding!!) - one bath & toilet for the whole floor (experience yourself). it got broken and were told to use the commons up stares as the cleaner will come next day - very unfriendly (i must use the language here) staff! "
- 23 May 2016 Tasawar Pakistan
- " The only reason to stay there is the central location and when - as was the case - everything else is booked. The room was so simple and sad it looked like a covent. Same for the bathrooms. Like a YMCA from the 60s that hasn't been renovated since. Towels were only available when you asked and must have been washed 100 times before. Also very noisy in the early morning. "
- 21 May 2016 Anonymous Germany
- " Locatin was very good but it was too expensive for a hostel even though the clientele wasn't spectacular "
- 21 Aug 2015 Nour Egypt
- " Very small rooms with three beds. Breakfast was eliminated in 2015 versus 2012. Bad. "
- 16 Aug 2015 Anonymous Russia


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Listen to free music played by eskimosam
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station and start listening to @eskimosam.
What other DJs are saying about "i'm not listening" maria mckee
johnnybacardi Music this AM: Maria McKee's LIFE IS SWEET, one of my favorite albums of the 90's.
squidbrain too many props for @Karuna so it's reblip time. (reblip)
LaKarune Thnx4replies@Michlerish (u rule chick) @CherryBlossom @mushka @squidbrain @bduubz@santamistura @soundmangroupie@GR8FL & more - last blip=intense maria


text:
Do you want to make Ohio.com your homepage?
By Jason Lloyd
Beacon Journal sports writer
UAB"s Cameron Moore (22) blocks Florida's Bradley Beal (23) as he tries to score from under the basket during the second half of an NCAA college basketball game in Gainesville, Fla. (AP Photo/Phil Sandlin)
Florida's Bradley Beal (23) shoots a foul shot during the second half against Vanderbilt. (AP Photo/Phil Sandlin)
Click here to read or leave a comment(s) on this story.
By Nate Ulrich


text:
Dr. Scholl's Women's Joyce Boot Reviews
Rated 4.8 out of 5 by 14reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by JanelC Love!! I love these boots. So comfortable especially since I'm on my feet all day. April 28, 2016
Rated 4 out of 5 by VirgieD Looks great, very comfortable I like the heel size April 28, 2016
Rated 5 out of 5 by Christyb23 Great boots!! These are so comfortable. I wear them all day at work and even take a half hour walk on lunch and my feet have never been sore. This is my second pair of these as I put so many miles on my first!! March 25, 2016
Rated 5 out of 5 by Hassain1 The product is comfortable and I could wear them all day long. Some of the most beautiful, comfortable boots I have ever owned. March 21, 2016


text:
COLLEGE STATION, Texas -- Texas A&M's Morgan Frank is the Big 12 No. 2 singles champion after going 10-1 in conference matches, and the doubles team of Sheri Olivier and Elzé Potgieter is the Big 12 No. 3 doubles champion with a 9-2 record.
This marks the second singles title for Frank, a sophomore from Oldsmar, Fla., who is 20-2 all-time in Big 12 regular season matches during her two-year career. Frank, who is 15-7 overall at the No. 2 line this season, was the No. 5 singles champion as a freshman after posting a 10-1 record in conference matches.
The doubles title is the first for both Potgieter, a junior from Bloemfontein, South Africa, and Olivier, a freshman from Topeka, Kan. The duo enters the Big 12 Championships with a 16-3 overall record and riding a five-match winning streak.
Individual Big 12 champions are crowned for each of the six singles positions and all three doubles flights based on the number of conference wins during the regular season. A player must have competed in at least six matches at a set position to qualify for a conference title. In addition, wins at higher positions count toward the record in which an athlete has played a minimum of six matches.
A&M (13-9, 9-2 Big 12) is the No. 3 seed at the Big 12 Championships, which begin Thursday at the Headington Family Center on the University of Oklahoma campus in Norman, Okla. By finishing in the top four in the league standings, the Aggies receive a first-round bye and will open play Friday at 6 p.m. against either No. 6 seed Oklahoma State or No. 11 seed Iowa State.
2009 Big 12 Individual Champions
No. 1 Singles: Maria Constantinescu, Oklahoma (11-0)
No. 2 Singles: Morgan Frank, Texas A&M (10-1)
No. 3 Singles: Krista Damico, Texas (8-3)
No. 4 Singles: Iryna Khatsko, Oklahoma State and Maggie Mello, Texas (9-1)
No. 5 Singles: Sarah Lancaster, Texas (8-0)
No. 6 Singles: Sophia Ayala, Missouri (7-2)
No. 1 Doubles: Edina Horvath-Katerina Morozova, Kansas (7-3) and Camila Belassi and Melisa Esposito, Colorado (7-4)
No. 2 Doubles: Tara Eckel/Marie-Pier Huet (8-1)
No. 3 Doubles: Sheri Olivier/Elzé Potgieter, Texas A&M (9-2)


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Top Definition
You're more than exhausted. You have no energy left. It's been a long day. You've got nothing left to give.
Shopping today was extreme and I'm absolutely exhaustperated.
di Jen W. 28 ottobre 2006
Trending Now
Le mail sono inviate da firstname.lastname@example.com. Non ti invieremo mai alcun messaggio di spam.×


text:
I met with Jacqueline Laurita, of "The Real Housewives of New Jersey," at her home to discuss her son Nich-olas' diagnosis of autism. Regardless of our views on reality television, Lau-rita deserves the utmost of respect for how she has used her celebrity status and the show as a platform to increase awareness about the disorder. What was most touching was when Laurita spoke about the "crash course" she was forced to take in order to understand autism and start treatment for her son ASAP. Time was not on her side. Like many of us, including myself, autism is something we only know a little bit about until it hits home.
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Hoisin-Glazed Pork Chops
Why make your own hoisin? Because the addictively sweet-salty condiment will wake up just about everything you're making this week.
Blood Orange–Chia Pudding
Why drink O.J. with your yogurt when you can mix it in?
Pastrami Ribs
The ribs become completely tender during the initial cooking, then are crisped under the broiler before serving.
Berry, Beet, Mint, Lime, and Chia Seed Smoothie
The liquid is really up to you. Nut milks add body and protein, but if you prefer something sweeter, try juice. Less heavy? Go with coconut water.
Roasted Garlic Chili Sauce
Try this smeared on pork, folded into scrambled eggs, or tossed with rice.
Apple Salad with Toasted Mustard Seeds and Herbs
The dressing will help keep the apples from discoloring, even if they sit out for a while.
Celery Root and Carrot Soup
This classic, creamy soup is brightened with fresh ginger.
Winter Squash Agrodolce
A vinegar-and-chile glaze adds heat to sweet squash, spicing up the traditional Thanksgiving flavor profile.
Pomegranate Sorbet Parfait
Who needs cranberries when you can have pomegranate sorbet?
Overeater's Tonic
Mint, ginger, fennel, and cayenne are known for their digestive properties. Turn this into a spritzer by using club soda instead of water.


text:
Employee Of The Month!
Congratulations to Karen House! Karen has been a quiet but steady hand in our Carrollton office. Her customer service to our current clients, as well as her professionalism in dealing with potential clients is at a level that reflects all of the Colony Group values we strive to live up to on a daily basis. Karen is a great asset to the over all productivity in the Carrollton office.
Thank You For Visiting The Colony Group!
It is Our Pleasure To Serve All of Your Health, Commercial, Financial & Personal Insurance Needs!
~ Michelle Slabinski & Robin Haas, Managing PartnersLearn More Contact Us For A Free Consultation
Employee Benefits
Seeking Ways To Offer Insurance Plans With Vision & Dental Plans To Your Employees? The Colony Group provides individuals and business owners with personalized alternatives to meet their insurance and benefit needs.APPLY NOW
The Colony Group
For 20+ years, The Colony Group has been providing Hampton Roads, VA businesses and families with the best service and rates for all business and family insurance needs. We specialize in Group & Individual Health Insurance, Commercial Insurance, Homeowners Insurance, Flood Insurance, Automobile Insurance & Life Insurance Policies. And, yes, we are HIPPA compliant!
Our primary goal is to create long term relationships with local individuals & their families and business owners & the families of their organization.
The Colony Group is an independent insurance agency, representing many excellent companies that allow us to find the best coverage match for your particular needs. We pride ourselves in approaching your insurance needs as a consultant, vs. an agent. We listen to your concerns and ask the necessary questions before offering an opinion or proposal.
We are accredited members of the National Association of Professional Insurance Agents and the National Association of Health Underwriters.
We have multiple offices to provide convenience for our clients. We are located in the Denbigh section of Newport News, the Busch Corporate area of Williamsburg, and on Carrollton Blvd in Carrollton! We are within a 15 minute drive from anywhere on the Virginia Peninsula.
Colony CARES: Customers Always Receive Extraordinary Service. This is the common thread of our founders, partners, managers and employees, and our promise to you!
Michelle A. Slabinski, CISR, CPIA, Property & Casualty Solutions Expert
Robin Haas, Health & Benefits Solutions Expert
Managing Partners, The Colony Group


text:
Collins Radio Association
This site was established to encourage hams, especially the newcomer, to share the enjoyment that comes from owning and operating Collins
Listed in Antique Radios/Clubs
[ Hits: 365 | Votes: 2 | Rating: 10.00 ]
About Collins Radio Association"Collins Radio Association" is listed in dxzone.com under 1 categories. Its main category is Antique radio clubs (Antique radio clubs and organizations). Listed in our web site index since Thursday Feb 8 2007, till today received a total of 365 hits, received 2 votes for a total score of 10.00/10
You will find "Collins Radio Association" listed under the following categories:
- Antique Radios/Clubs - Antique radio clubs and organizations
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Webmaster, add a Remote rating
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13215 Players currently online!
Man vs. Machine - good luck!
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Read what members are saying!
I do understand that players with low ratings are inferior to those with higher ratings.
But I guess, THIS is not a reason to abort a game that is already in place.
If hubristic players do not want to play with mediocre players, may I remind them that there is a setting that they can change to their liking.
Good fact mate.
calling the attention of chess.com!!!
I found this on a similar thread. Hope this might help!
Chess.com International
With each game you play without keeping your opponent waiting, aborting the game or disconnecting from the game, the restriction will lower.After playing games fairly and without breaking the policy, the restriction will stop and you'll be able to play normally again.
btw may I know the reason why there is an "abort" button to begin with? :D
There's an abort button incase you screw up, pressed the wrong seek, accidently make a game or if it's unrated and u want rated etc.
Why not change it to "Screw Up" button?
Or better yet "IDIOT" button! lol!
The fair play policy tries to make sure that frequent aborters get restrictions and this seems to have decreased the number of abort & abandon incidents. It probably has a learning curve.
How does fair play policy works?
Is there a minimum number of "abortions" before you get flagged?
They do not disclose the exact algorithm but it should be something like that, yes.
You can find official information about it here:
I have just aborted two games against a player I have played eight times. Surely that's all right? As far as I know the games came up randomly and I would rather play someone else.
NEW GAME (372857495) - akapora vs. CardinaldeAjedrez (10 0 rated) (win: 17, draw: 4, loss: -9)
GAME ABORTED - akapora vs. CardinaldeAjedrez
akapora has left the chat.
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We demonstrate a hitless wavelength-selective switch (WSS) based on InGaAs/InAlAs five-layer asymmetric coupled quantum well (FACQW) quadruple series-coupled microring resonators. The WSS is driven by the electric-field-induced change in refractive index in the FACQW core layer caused by the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) for high-speed operation. The WSS with high-mesa waveguides is fabricated on a molecular beam epitaxy-grown wafer by dry etching. The fabricated WSS consists of four microrings, each with a round-trip length of 350 μm and five directional couplers with shallow grooves. A boxlike spectral response and hitless switching with higher extinction ratios than a double series-coupled microring resonator are successfully demonstrated. In addition, we propose the improvement of switching characteristics by controlling the coupling efficiencies at the directional couplers.
1. Introduction
Hitless wavelength-selective switches (WSSs) are promising devices for use in reconfigurable optical add–drop multiplexers (ROADMs) [1,2] in next-generation photonic networks. In particular, high-order series-coupled microring resonators are suitable for hitless WSSs because of their boxlike spectral response and high extinction ratio. To date, various high-order microring-based WSSs have been proposed and demonstrated using materials, such as silica-based dielectrics [3–13]. They are mainly driven by the thermooptic (TO) effect and their switching speed is limited even though the tuning range of wavelength switching is wide and the switching characteristics are stable. Silicon microring resonators have also been intensively studied because of their large-scale integrality, high-speed operation, and capability of being fabricated by CMOS-compatible process [14–20]; however, it is difficult to integrate them with semiconductor active devices, such as laser diodes (LDs) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs).
Our proposed solution to these problem is to utilize the electric-field-induced change in refractive index caused by the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) in a multiple quantum well (MQW) [21]. Compound-semiconductor-based WSSs are feasible for integration with LDs and SOAs and have a great potential for high-speed and low-power-consumption operation. This is because the QCSE is a very fast phenomenon and has been applied to high-speed and low-power-consumption photonic devices such as electroabsorption modulators [22]. Several types of compound-semiconductor-microring-based filters and switches have been proposed and developed [23–27]. Recently, our group has also demonstrated an InGaAs/InAlAs MQW double series-coupled microring hitless WSS driven by the electric-field-induced change in refractive index [28,29]. Even though high-speed operation and low power consumption are expected in this device, the boxlike filtering response and extinction ratio could still be improved. To the best of our knowledge, a high-order series-coupled microring WSS based on the QCSE has never been demonstrated experimentally, except for in the above report.
In this study, we propose the hitless WSS with the InGaAs/InAlAs MQW quadruple series-coupled microring resonators [30] and discuss its improved switching characteristics in detail. An improved boxlike spectral response and hitless switching with higher extinction ratios than a double series-coupled microring resonator are successfully demonstrated. In addition, we propose the improvement of switching characteristics by controlling the coupling efficiencies at the directional couplers. For the MQW in the core layer, we employ a five-layer asymmetric coupled quantum well (FACQW) [31,32] to induce a large change in refractive index.
2. Transfer function of quadruple series-coupled microring resonator
The transfer function of a series-coupled ring resonator can be obtained using transfer matrix methods [4, 33–35]. In this section, we briefly describe the derivation of the transfer function of a quadruple series-coupled microring resonator with buslines.
Figure 1 shows the calculation model for the transfer function of the quadruple series-coupled ring resonator. The model consists of four microrings and five coupling regions between waveguides. The transfer matrix is given by
Fig. 1
3. Device design and fabrication
3.1. Design of ring resonator
Figure 2 shows a schematic top view of the proposed WSS. The WSS is composed of four racetrack-shaped microring resonators and busline waveguides. The busline waveguides and microring resonators are series-coupled laterally. The coupling efficiencies of couplers C1 to C4 are denoted as K1 to K4, respectively. The proposed WSS is designed so that C1 = C5, C2 = C4, and R1 = R2 = R3 = R4, that is, the coupling efficiencies are designed so that K1 = K5≡Ka and K2 = K4≡Kb, and the round-trip length of all the microrings is set to L.
Fig. 2
A schematic cross-sectional view of the waveguide is shown in Fig. 3(a). The waveguide structure is the same as that of the previously reported double-microring WSS [29]. The waveguide consists of a core layer with 12 periods of an InGaAs/InAlAs FACQW [32], 50 nm In0.52AlGa0.24As0.24 separate confinement heterostructure layers, and p/n-doped InP cladding layers (n = 3.17). The total thickness of the core layer is approximately 300 nm. To reduce the absorption loss caused by the p-doped upper cladding layer, a 200-nm-thick undoped InP layer is inserted close to the core layer. The waveguide is buried in benzocyclobutene (BCB) (n = 1.543 at λ = 1550 nm). The width of the waveguide, w, is 1.45 μm. The average refractive index of the FACQW layer is calculated to be 3.394 using a formula for calculating the average refractive index of dielectric multilayers [36] The equivalent refractive index of the waveguides neq is calculated to be 3.260. The effective refractive index neff is assumed to be 3.843, which is obtained using the measured free spectral range (FSR) of a single microring resonator with the same waveguide structure.
Fig. 3
As mentioned above, the multiple In0.53Ga0.47As/ In0.52Al0.48As FACQW [32] is used as the waveguide core layer of the WSS. This structure exhibits a unique QCSE behavior, that is, the absorption peak intensity near the band edge increases without a redshift with increasing an applied electric field. This behavior leads to exhibiting a large electrorefractive index change [32,37]. Using the InGaAs/InAlAs FACQW as the waveguide core layer of a microring resonator, a high-speed and low-voltage wavelength-tunable filter is expected to be realized. The wavelength of the absorption edge of the FACQW is set at approximately 1420 nm, which is 130 nm less than the operation wavelength of 1550 nm, which contributes to the reduction in the propagation loss and the independence of the field-induced change in refractive index on the wavelength in the 1550-nm-wavelength region.
In the coupling regions, we employ directional couplers with a shallow gap [29] to control the coupling efficiencies easily. Figure 3(b) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the coupling region. The width wg and the depth dg of the gap are 0.3 and 1.25 μm, respectively. The round-trip length of each ring resonator is 350.2 μm, which corresponds to an FSR of 1.79 nm. The coupling efficiencies at the directional couplers are controlled by the lengths of the coupling regions, l1 to l3. The designed parameters for proposed WSS are summarized in Table 1.
3.2. Theoretical switching characteristics
Figure 4 shows the theoretical switching characteristics at the drop port of the proposed WSS, assuming that the electric-field-induced change in refractive index of the FACQW core layer is 0.0017, which is comparable to that of the fabricated WSS, as discussed in Sect. 4.1. It was calculated using the transfer function described in Sect. 2 and the device parameters in Table 1, assuming that the coupling loss η2 and propagation loss are 0.177 dB/coupler and 2.1 dB/mm, respectively, and the coupling efficiencies are constant.
Fig. 4
The hitless WSS can be obtained using the electric-field-induced change in refractive index in the FACQW core layer by controlling the individual resonant wavelengths of the series-coupled microring resonators, Rings 1 to 4. When the resonant wavelengths of all the microrings in the series-coupled microring resonator are matched, the resonant wavelength channel is transmitted to the drop port. This is the initial ON state. When the refractive index of the waveguides in Rings 3 and 4 is changed by 0.0017 and the resonant wavelengths of the microrings are not matched, all the wavelength channels are transmitted to the through port and no spectral response appears in the drop port. This is the OFF state. Finally, the refractive index of the waveguides in Rings 1 and 2 is changed by 0.0017 and the resonant wavelengths of all the microrings are matched again, and a new spectral peak in the drop-port response appears at other wavelength channels. This is the final ON state. As described above, the resonant wavelength can be shifted to another wavelength channel without blocking other wavelength channels. This is the hitless wavelength selective switching operation. The principle and optimum design of a high-order series-coupled microring WSS are discussed in detail in [3,7,38].
As shown in Fig. 4, in this proposed WSS, the coupling efficiencies do not satisfy the maximally flat passband condition (so-called Butterworth filter condition) [39] given by,
3.3. Fabrication
An epitaxial wafer was grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The waveguide structures were fabricated by electron-beam lithography, photolithography, and inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) using a Br-based gas. Since the microrings and buslines are electrically isolated by the gap in the directional couplers, reverse voltages are only applied to the microrings. Figure 5(a) shows a microscopy image of the top of the fabricated WSS. Each microring and busline has an electrode. They are electrically isolated and reverse voltages can be applied to them independently. Figure 5(b) shows a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the sidewall of the waveguide, showing that the sidewall is smoothly formed.
Fig. 5
4. Measured switching characteristics
4.1. Measured electric-field-induced change in refractive index in FACQW core layer
To evaluate the electric-field-induced change in refractive index in the FACQW core layer of the microring resonator, we measured the through-port spectral responses of a single-microring resonator fabricated on the same epitaxial wafer under reverse voltages, as shown in Fig. 6(a). Its round-trip length is the same as that of the WSS. The coupling efficiencies in this single microring denoted as KS1 and KS2, were designed to be 0.542. A marked shift in wavelength and no increase in propagation loss were observed. The electrodes were formed only on the microring resonators. Therefore, the microrings are electrically separated from the other waveguides. Figure 6(b) shows the evaluated change in the refractive index of the core layer of the microring waveguide Δncore at resonant wavelengths of 1545.4, 1549.1, and 1552.7 nm as functions of the applied dc reverse bias voltage Va, considering the optical confinement factor (0.527). Considering the filling factor p of the FACQW in the core layer (p = 0.574), the change in refractive index of the FACQW at V = −10 V was evaluated to be approximately 6.6 × 10−3. This result shows that the change in refractive index of the FACQW is almost constant in this wavelength region. The operation range of wavelength of the proposed WSS is the full C band. The wavelength of the absorption edge of the FACQW is approximately 1420 nm that is sufficiently away from the C-band, and the driving voltage and the absorption loss are almost constant in the C band [32].
Fig. 6
This change in refractive index is mainly caused by the QCSE in the FACQW core layer. The TO effect and a carrier injection effect are negligible, because the dark current is very small (approximately 10 μA/350 μm2 at −18V) [40].
Unfortunately, this change in refractive index in the epitaxial wafer is only one-quarter of the largest measured change [37]. The reason for this is considered to be the fabrication error in the thickness of each layer in the FACQW and the larger thickness fluctuation in the FACQW [32].
4.2. Static switching characteristics of WSS
Figure 7(a) shows the measured through-port and drop-port spectral responses of the WSS for transverse electric (TE)-polarized input light without applied reverse voltages. The FSR was 1.81 nm, which is comparable to that expected from the designed round-trip length (1.79 nm), and the peak heights were more than 35 dB. The shapes of the drop-port peaks are not symmetrical. This means that the round-trip lengths of the microrings are not identical. Therefore, the adjustment of the round-trip lengths of the microrings is required for the initial ON state, as mentioned later. Figure 7(b) shows a comparison among the drop-port spectral responses of the fabricated quadruple and double series-coupled WSSs and a single-microring filter. The double series-coupled WSS and the single microring filter have the same waveguide structure and round-trip length as those of the quadruple one. An improved boxlike response is successfully obtained in the proposed quadruple series-coupled microring resonator compared with the other resonators.
Fig. 7
Figure 8 shows the measured wavelength-switching characteristics of the drop-port spectral response of the WSS. As mentioned above, the round-trip lengths of the four microrings are not identical, and that of Ring 2 was slightly smaller than those of the other microrings. For the initial ON state at λ = 1548.8 nm, therefore, a reverse voltage V2 of 4.0 V was applied to Ring 2 to adjust them, and the voltages V1, V3, and V4 were set to 0 V for the initial ON state, where V1 to V4 are the reverse voltages applied to Rings 1 to 4, respectively. Next, V3 and V4 of 12.0 V were applied to Rings 3 and 4 for the OFF state, respectively. Finally, V1 of 12.0 V and V2 of 13.5 V were applied to Rings 1 and 2 for the final ON state at λ = 1549.5 nm, respectively. The difference between V1 and V2 is not 4.0 V because the electric-field-induced change in refractive index of the FACQW core layer is nonlinear and at a higher reverse voltage, the change in refractive index is larger, as shown in Fig. 6(b). Hitless switching of approximately 0.7 nm owing to the change in the refractive index of the FACQW core layer was successfully demonstrated, as shown in Fig. 8. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the bandwidth was approximately 0.35 nm. The extinction ratios of the drop-port response of the initial and final ON states were 20.4 and 18.1 dB, respectively, and they were greatly improved compared with those of the double-series microring WSS [29]. The total insertion losses for the through port and the drop port were both approximately 32 dB, as shown in Fig. 7(a). It includes the fiber coupling losses at both facets of approximately 17 dB and the propagation loss in the 2 mm-long buslines from one facet to another of approximately 4 dB, Therefore, the insertion loss of the quadruple series-coupled microring is evaluated to be approximately 11 dB.
Fig. 8
In the proposed WSS, the pass band has a ripple on the top because the microrings are more strongly coupled, and it does not satisfy the maximally flat pass band condition [39] where the Butterworth filter response is obtained, as discussed in Sect. 3.2.
Unfortunately, the wavelength shift of the WSS was not large because the change in the refractive index of the FACQW core layer was smaller than expected, as discussed in the previous subsection. To obtain a larger wavelength shift, we need to use the Vernier effect with slightly different round-trip lengths of the microrings.
4.3. Dynamic switching characteristics of WSS
To evaluate the switching speed of the WSS, we measured the temporal response of the drop port of the single microring resonator with the same waveguide structure as the WSS. An ac square voltage wave with an amplitude of 4.0 V (−9 to −13 V) was applied to the microring. The measured result is shown in Fig. 9. The rise and fall times were 1.5 and 2.0 ns, respectively. The switching speed is much higher than that of the devices based on the TO effect, showing that the WSS was driven by the electric-field induced change refractive index in the FACQW waveguides.
Fig. 9
The quality factor (Q factor) of each microring was evaluated to be approximately 5000 from the measured pass band width (0.35 nm). The switching speed of a microring resonator was determined by both the capacitance-resistance (CR) time constant and the Q factor of the resonator. In this WSS, it is considered to be dominated by the CR time constant of the device. However, if the capacitance is greatly reduced and the device is operated under a condition where the Q factor of the resonator is dominant, the switching speed is expected to be approximately 40 GHz.
If the resonant wavelengths of the four microrings are matched with each other, the WSS can be driven with one driving signal. In our current WSS, however, they are slightly different due to fabrication errors. In order to match them, the adjustment of the resonant wavelengths is required using bias voltages, as discussed in Sect. 4.2. Therefore, the applied voltages for the four microrings need to be optimized and controlled separately in this WSS. The dynamic switching characteristics of the WSS have not been measured owing to the lack of a suitable multichannel voltage source. To drive the WSS with a single driving signal, a wavelength-trimming mechanism for each microring, such as microheaters and/or UV trimming of SiON [41] should be introduced.
5. Improvement of switching characteristics by controlling coupling efficiency
5.1. Change in coupling efficiency at directional couplers during switching
Figure 10(a) shows the change in the depth of the dip at a resonant wavelength in the through-port spectral response of the single microring when reverse voltages are applied to the busline. The single microring resonator is the same as that used in Sect. 4.1. With increasing the reverse voltage applied to the busline, the dip depth decreased. The origin of this change in dip depth is the change in coupling efficiency at the directional couplers. That is, the change in the effective refractive index of the waveguide on the side of the microring in the directional couplers leads to the change in the propagation constant of the waveguide, resulting in the change in coupling efficiency.
Fig. 10
The coupling efficiencies can be evaluated using the depth and full width of the dip in the spectral responses of the through and drop ports, as discussed in [29]. Figure 10(b) shows the evaluated changes in the coupling efficiencies Kb1 and Kb2 of the single microring as a function of the reverse voltage applied to each busline. As shown in the figure, Ks1 decreased by 0.12 and Ks2 increased by 0.2 when the applied reverse voltage was changed from 0 to 14 V.
The reason for these coupling efficiency changes can be explained as follows. In the fabrication process of the WSS, the resist patterns for the gaps in the directional couplers are formed by electron-beam lithography and those for the waveguides are formed by photolithography. In this device, it is considered that the positions of all the electron-beam resist patterns for the gaps in Fig. 6(a) were shifted slightly downward from the center of the directional coupler. Figure 11 shows an SEM image of the cross section of the coupler between the microring and the busline of the single-microring resonator. Although the sidewalls of the waveguides are almost vertical, the widths of the waveguides in the drop port and the microring are smaller and larger than the designed width (1.45 μm), respectively. This off-centered position of the groove results in the degradation of the symmetry of the directional couplers. That is, for example, the width of the drop busline is smaller than that of the microring waveguide in Directional Coupler 2 (DC2). When the voltage VDrop is applied to the drop-port busline, its equivalent refractive index increases. As a result, the symmetry of DC2 is recovered, leading to the increase in coupling efficiency Ks2. In the case of Directional Coupler 1 (DC1), the situation is opposite and Ks1 decreases when the voltage VThrough is applied to the through-port busline. This change in coupling efficiency has an effect on the switching characteristics of the WSS.
Fig. 11
Figure 12 shows the switching characteristics calculated using the transfer matrix method explained in Sect. 2, considering the dependence of the coupling efficiencies on the applied voltage shown in Fig. 10(b). It reproduces well the measured characteristics shown in Fig. 8.
Fig. 12
5.2. Improvement of switching characteristics
By closely examining the static switching characteristics in Fig. 8, we find that the transmission at the center wavelength for the final ON state is slightly smaller than that for the initial ON state. This decrease in transmission is caused not only by the excess loss due to the change in absorption in the microrings but also by the decrease in coupling efficiency between the microring and busline at the drop port when a reverse voltage is applied to the microring, as discussed in the previous subsection.
If this change in coupling efficiency is used positively, the switching characteristics can be improved, as shown in Fig. 13. For the final ON state, when a reverse voltage of 12 V was applied to the busline on the drop-port side in addition to the four microrings, the transmission increased by 1.7 dB owing to the increase in coupling efficiency at C5. It became almost comparable to the transmission in the initial ON state. On the other hand, for the OFF state, when a reverse voltage of 12 V was applied to the busline on the through-port side, the transmission decreased owing to the decrease in coupling efficiency at C1. That is, the extinction ratio improved by 3.0 dB. Therefore, by suitably controlling the coupling efficiencies in the coupling regions, the loss in the final ON state and the extinction ratio in the OFF state can be improved.
Fig. 13
6. Conclusions
We have demonstrated a hitless WSS based on the InGaAs/InAlAs FACQW quadruple series-coupled microring resonators. The WSS was driven by the electric-field-induced change in refractive index of the FACQW core layer caused by the QCSE for high speed operation. The WSS was fabricated on an MBE-grown wafer by ICP dry etching. The fabricated WSS consists of four high-mesa microring waveguides with a round-trip length of 350 nm, and five directional couplers with shallow grooves. An improved boxlike spectral response compared with that of a double series-coupled microring resonator and hitless switching were successfully demonstrated by controlling the voltages applied to the four microring resonators. The FSR and FWHM of the filter peaks at the drop port were approximately 1.9 and 0.35 nm, respectively. The wavelength shift was approximately 0.7 nm at a driving voltage of 12 V. The extinction ratios of the drop-port response of the initial and final ON states were 20.4 and 18.1 dB, respectively. The temporal switching response showed that the WSS is able to be operated much faster than TO-driven devices. In addition, we proposed the improvement of the transmittance for the final ON state and the extinction ratio by controlling the coupling efficiencies at the directional couplers. The experimental results show that the proposed WSS is very promising for use in ROADMs.
The authors express sincere thanks to Dr. T. Kawanishi and Dr. A. Kanno of National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). This work was partly supported by SCOPE, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (No. 24360025) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and A-STEP (No. AS251Z02303J) from Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).
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