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Tina Keartland's success story
|Posted by
|Post Date
Member Since:
|12 Aug 2003 13:01
I have found my husbands long lost cousin. Last time he saw her was 35 years ago, I felt like Cilla Black (ha,ha). We meet her saturday just gone, and my husband was over the moon. Just like to say a big thank you to GenesConnected.


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When I try to run the heat all I can get is cold air and I notice my A/C compressor will be running and then back off for a few minutes and back on. I have all ready replaced the A/C and heater control switch, and thermostat, still no heat and the A/C is still circulating on and off.
Thursday, October 11th, 2012 AT 9:10 PM

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 7, 1982
|Filing date
|Sep 16, 1981
|Priority date
|Oct 4, 1979
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ronald S. Schreiber
|Original Assignee
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (38), Classifications (13), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of my U.S. patent application Ser. No. 081,799, filed Oct. 4, 1979, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,493.
The present invention relates to preventing or retarding gelation of aqueous slurries containing mixtures of certain inorganic salts, which mixtures otherwise are subject to thickening, gelling and setting. More particularly, the invention is of a method for preventing gelation, excess thickening and setting up of bicarbonate-carbonate-silicate slurries, from which base beads to be employed in the manufacture of particulate heavy duty synthetic organic detergent compositions may be made. In this specification, for simplicity, the terms gelation, gelling and gel will be used but they are intended to denote various thickening, setting and solidification mechanisms and products, even when, technically, actual "gels" may not be involved.
The desirability of being able to produce miscible and pumpable aqueous crutcher slurries of carbonate, bicarbonate and silicate, most preferably as their sodium salts, so that base beads may be made from them by spray drying and so that satisfactory phosphate-free nonionic detergent-based particulate heavy duty synthetic organic detergent compositions may be made from the base beads, has been described in my patent application Ser. No. 081,799, referred to above, which application is hereby incorporated by reference. That application describes the utilization of citric acid as a gelation preventing additive for aqueous crutcher slurries, which permits the commercial manufacture of the mentioned base beads without the dangers of crutcher freeze-ups. In addition to critic acid, magnesium sulfate plus citric acid have also been found to be useful for maintaining crutcher mixes like those described (some of which may also contain zeolite builders) in mobile form during detergent composition manufacturing operations. Although such contributions to the detergent processing art are considered to be significant, the present invention, wherein gaseous carbon dioxide is employed to prevent undesirable gelation when a silicate solution is added to an aqueous crutcher slurry of carbonate and bicarbonate, is also effective for that purpose and possesses advantages not resulting when various other gel preventing additives are employed.
Gaseous carbon dioxide is readily dispersed throughout the crutcher slurry and its gaseous form aids in such dispersal. It is not required that the gas first be dissolved in an aqueous medium, which could result in some dilution of the crutcher mix. The gaseous form prevents possible localized overconcentrations of gel preventing materials in the slurry (and such is a disadvantage of adding dry ice or liquid CO2 to the crutcher). Free alkali in the slurry is satisfactorily neutralized and is converted to a useful builder salt, such as sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium carbonate. Utilization of this gaseous pH controlling means allows for more sensitive pH control and, due to the buffering effect of the resulting slurry, the final pH will not usually quickly change significantly after making of the carbonate-bicarbonate-silicate mixture. Thus, if there is a hold-up in the crutcher the pH will normally remain constant or almost constant, which is desirable to prevent gelation during any such delay. Additionally, the heavier-than-air carbon dioxide "blanket" over the surface of crutcher mix can help to prevent oxidation of any air sensitive adjuvants which may be present in the crutcher slurry.
In accordance with the present invention gelation or setting of a miscible and pumpable crutcher slurry containing a substantial proportion of solids in an aqueous medium, which solids content includes significant proportions of inorganic bicarbonate, carbonate and silicate salts, usually as the sodium salts, is prevented or retarded by admixing of carbon dioxide with such slurry during addition of an aqueous solution of silicate to the aqueous medium containing carbonate and bicarbonate. More particularly, and preferably, a method of retarding or preventing the gelation of a miscible and pumpable crutcher slurry containing from about 40 to 60 or 70% of solids and about 60 to 30 or 40% of water, of which solids content, on a 100% solids basis, 40 to 80% is sodium bicarbonate, 5 to 40% is sodium carbonate and 5 to 25% is sodium silicate of Na2 O:SiO2 ratio within the range of 1:1.6 to 1:3, with the ratio of sodium bicarbonate:sodium carbonate being within the range of 2:1 to 8:1 and the ratio of sodium carbonate:sodium silicate being within the range of 1:3 to 3:1, comprises preparing an aqueous slurry of the sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, and admixing with such aqueous slurry carbon dioxide and an aqueous solution of the sodium silicate. The invention also relates to the combination process which includes making of the described crutcher mix by the invented method and spray drying the resulting slurry to produce particulate base beads, which are suitable for absorption of nonionic detergent to make a free flowing particulate heavy duty synthetic organic detergent product.
It is known that carbon dioxide has been employed as a neutralizing agent in processes in which synthetic organic detergents and detergent compositions have been manufactured. It is also known that various sodium silicate solutions are alkaline in aqueous media and that carbon dioxide reacts with alkali to form bicarbonate. Accordingly, it is not unexpected that reaction could occur between carbon dioxide and aqueous sodium silicate solution. However, it is surprising and unexpectedly beneficial that, by addition of carbon dioxide along with aqueous sodium silicate solution to an aqueous slurry of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, gelation of such slurry, which might otherwise occur, can be prevented. The present invention is of significance because setting up of such slurries in manufacturing crutchers can shut down commercial detergent production operations while the crutcher is being cleaned out and can cause the waste of additional time in re-starting the entire production line.
While it is considered that the present invention may have application to the making of miscible, flowable and pumpable crutcher slurries of other types than bicarbonate-carbonate-silicate-water mixes, such as slurries also containing synthetic zeolite and/or polyphosphate builder salts, e.g., hydrated Zeolite 4A and/or pentasodium tripolyphosphate, the most significant effects of the gaseous carbon dioxide in preventing or retarding gelation and setting of crutcher slurries is with respect to those containing about 40 to about 60% of solids and about 60 to about 40% of water, with the solids content, on a 100% solids basis, being about 40 to about 80% of sodium bicarbonate, about 5 to about 40% of sodium carbonate and about 5 to about 25% of sodium silicate of Na2 O:SiO2 ratio within the range of 1:1.6 to 1:3. In such compositions the ratio of sodium bicarbonate:sodium carbonate is within the range of about 2:1 to about 8:1 and the ratio of sodium carbonate:sodium silicate is within the range of about 1:3 to about 3:1. The proportion of carbon dioxide will normally be such as to maintain the pH in a desired range and such proportion is considered to be from about 0.1 to about 5% of the total crutcher mix, by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 2%. The pH of the slurry should be maintained within the range of 9.7 to 10.1, preferably 9.8 to 10.0, and more preferably about or at 9.9, by addition of the carbon dioxide, preferably by controlled addition in response to pH determinations, during the addition of the sodium silicate solution. Although co-additions of CO2 and silicate are very much preferred it is within the invention to add some of the CO2 or a source thereof before the silicate.
Preferably, the crutcher slurry contains from 50 to 60 or 65% of solids, with the balance being water, and of the solids content, 50 to 80% is sodium bicarbonate, 10 to 20% is sodium carbonate and 10 to 25% is sodium silicate, with the ratio of sodium bicarbonate:sodium carbonate being within the range of 3:1 to 6:1 and the ratio of sodium carbonate:sodium silicate being within the range of 2:5 to 5:2 or 1:2 to 2:1. More preferably the crutcher slurry contains from 50 to 60% of solids, the balance being water, and of the solids content, 50 to 80% is sodium bicarbonate, 10 to 20% is sodium carbonate and 10 to 25% is sodium silicate, with the bicarbonate:carbonate ratio being within the range of 4:1 to 5:1 and the carbonate:silicate ratio being within the range of 1:1 to 1:2. The components described above, except for water, are normally solid, and the percentages and ratios are on an anhydrous basis, although the materials may be added to the crutcher as hydrates, or dissolved or dispersed in water. Normally, however, the sodium bicarbonate is anhydrous and the sodium carbonate is soda ash. Yet, the carbonate monohydrate may also be employed. The silicate is usually added to the crutcher slurry as an aqueous solution, normally of 40 to 50% solids content, e.g., 47.5% and is preferably added near the end of the mixing process and after previous additions, dispersings and partial dissolvings of the carbonate and bicarbonate. The silicate employed will preferably be of Na2 O:SiO2 ratio within the range of 1:2 to 1:2.6, more preferably 1:2.3 to 1:2.5, and most preferably will be 1:2.35 or 1:2.4, or about such a ratio.
Although it is highly preferred to make the crutcher slurry and the base bead product of this invention (from which a heavy duty built nonionic synthetic organic detergent composition can readily be produced) of essentially inorganic salts, in such manner that they will be of bead properties that promote absorption through the bead surfaces of nonionic detergent sprayed thereon in liquid form, and although the adjuvants, such as perfumes, colorants, enzymes, bleaches and flow promoting agents, may often be sprayed onto the beads with the nonionic detergent or may be post-added, for stable and normally solid adjuvants mixing in with the inorganic salt slurry in the crutcher may be feasible. Thus, it is contemplated that from 0 to as much as 20% of the crutcher slurry may be of suitable adjuvants or diluents (diluents include inorganic salts, such as sodium sulfate and sodium chloride). However, if such materials are present, normally the proportion thereof will be from 0.1 to 10%. Often their total content will be limited to 4%, and sometimes to 1 or 2%.
This invention relates primarily to preventing gelation and setting of crutcher mixes which are essentially composed of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate, as described, but the benefits of the carbon dioxide, to a lesser extent when the problem is less severe, may also be obtained when insoluble particulate materials, such as hydrated sodium aluminosilicate zeolites, e.g., Zeolite 4A, Zeolite X and Zeolite Y, hydrated with from 5 to 22 percent of water per mol, are employed in a proportion up to 50% of the solids content of the crutcher mix, with the proportions of the sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate being within the ranges previously given (and the percentages thereof being reduced proportionately). Similarly, when pentasodium tripolyphosphate is present at such a proportion of solids content of the crutcher mix or when other polyphosphates are substituted for it, in whole or in part, or when such is/are mixed with zeolite(s), gelation preventions may also results. In such cases, when either the zeolite or polyphosphate or a mixture thereof is present, with the total of zeolite and phosphate not exceeding half the solids content of the crutcher mix, improved fluidity of the mix may result and can be useful. Normally, when zeolite and/or polyphosphate is/are present, the amount thereof will be from 5 to 50% or 10 to 35% of the solids content of the crutcher slurry.
The carbon dioxide employed to prevent premature gelation of the crutcher slurry during addition of silicate solution is preferably in pure or substantially pure gaseous form but under suitable circumstances it may be in other physical states or may be mixed with other materials. For example, while it is preferred to discharge it into the crutcher slurry as a gas, fed from a conventional pressurized cylinder of liquid carbon dioxide or from a pressurized gas line in the manufacturing plant, it is within the invention to employ liquid carbon dioxide or solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) too, both of which forms almost instantaneously are convertible to gas when brought into contact with the crutcher slurry. The various forms of carbon dioxide are easily premeasured or dispensable at known rates by valve adjustments. Thus, solid carbon dioxide may be cut to size or "molded" to size and shape or it may be size reduced to chips, flakes or other particulate forms. Alternatively, it may be weighed out to assure that the correct amount is used. The dispensing of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide may be regulated by dispensing valve openings and discharge times. If considered desirable, the carbon dioxide may be diluted with air, nitrogen or other suitable gases but normally such dilution is not to less than 10% CO2 by volume, and usually the carbon dioxide will be a major proportion of the gas. While it is considered to be preferable to discharge the carbon dioxide below the surface of the crutcher slurry, especially when it is added as a gas, it is possible to deposit it on the surface of the slurry, allowing it to be drawn into the slurry by the action of the mixer. For example, in some instances it may be convenient to employ small fire extinguisher type dispensers of carbon dioxide and to "spray" the gelation preventing compound onto the surface of the crutcher mix.
In addition to the carbon dioxide there may also be employed, if considered desirable, other anti-gelling materials, such as citric acid, water soluble citrates, mixtures of such citrates and mixtures of citric acid and such citrates, as described in my patent application Ser. No. 081,799. Other anti-gelling materials may also be incorporated but normally none needs to be used other than the carbon dioxide. While the pH of the crutcher slurry of the mentioned constituents can be in the range of 9 to 11 or 12, without the use of any acidic additive, by employing the carbon dioxide and admixing it with the crutcher slurry during (and sometimes also before) addition of the silicate solution, the pH of the slurry is desirably maintained at about 9.9, e.g., 9.7 to 10.1, and is preferably in the range of 9.8 to 10.0. By controlling the addition of carbon dioxide so as to maintain such a pH, any undesirable gelation or setting in the crutcher as the silicate solution is added will be prevented. If citric acid or sodium citrate is present in the crutcher mix the amount employed may be that described in my aforementioned parent patent application, 0.1 to 2%, but often a smaller proportion, such as 0.2 to 0.5% will be more than adequate, due to the use of the carbon dioxide.
The bicarbonate, carbonate and silicate present will be inorganic and almost invariably will be alkali metal salts with the sodium salts being preferred, although some potassium salts, usually up to no more than 25% and preferably no more than 10% of the total salt content, may sometimes be present. The sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate and any normally solid adjuvant material which may be with them in the crutcher mix will normally be finely divided before addition to the crutcher, usually being of particle sizes in the range of No's. 60 to 270, preferably 100 to 200, U.S. Sieve Series. However, due to the mixing action of the crutcher and partial dissolvings of water soluble materials, larger sized particles may be employed. Also, if dusting is not a problem, compounds having finer particles can be used. In some instances the sodium silicate employed may be in particulate form, usually to a minor extent, but care should be used to assure that the presence of particulate silicate does not cause gelation despite the employment of carbon dioxide. Preferably, the silicate will all be in aqueous solution, normally being of a concentration in the range of 40 to 50%, preferably 45 to 50% and most preferably, about 47.5%. If conveniently available, solutions of the carbonate and bicarbonate may also be utilized to supply minor proportions of those salts, with some of the slurry water, too.
The water employed may be any suitable deionized and/or distilled water but it has been found feasible to employ ordinary city or tap water, which will normally be of a hardness no more than about 150 parts per million, as calcium carbonate, with such hardness usually being in the range of 50 to 125 p.p.m., as CaCO3. The aqueous medium and the crutcher slurry are preferably at an elevation temperature, usually in the 40� to 70� C. range, so as to promote solutions of the various water soluble salts, portions of which are present in dispersed solid state, too. Preferred temperature range is 40� to 50� C. Heating can sometimes aid in thinning of the slurry and additionally, imparts energy to the slurry so as to facilitate subsequent drying thereof. However heating can sometimes promote gellation, and in such cases excessive heating will be avoided.
The orders of additions of the various components to the crutcher are not considered to be critical, except that a significant proportion of the silicate solution, preferably all of it, will be added to the crutcher slurry last, and if not last, at least after the addition of the carbonate and bicarbonate. It is satisfactory if the carbon dioxide is admixed with the slurry concurrently with the addition of the silicate solution to it but in some instances it may be desirable to add a portion of the carbon dioxide to the slurry before the silicate; when such is done the proportion of the carbon dioxide so added will usually be in the range of 1 to 50%, preferably 5 to 20%. Usually at least 75 or 80% of the carbon dioxide is added to the slurry during the admixing therewith of the sodium silicate solution and preferably such minimum proportion will be 80 or 90% or more.
The crutcher mixing time to obtain a good slurry can vary, usually being from as little as half a minute for small crutchers, usually from 1 to 15 minutes, but when the slurries are of higher moisture contents, may be higher, up to an hour and in some circumstances to as much as four hours. Crutcher mixing times may depend on the drying tower throughput rate and its size, relative to the crutcher size and the number of crutchers employed. However, crutching times will normally be from 1 to 15 minutes, e.g., 10 minutes, and of this time, the silicate solution addition will usually be gradual and will take place over a period of from 5 to 10 minutes, often 7 to b 9 minutes, e.g., 8 minutes, while the H is being maintained as was previously mentioned. Under such conditions the crutcher slurry made is non-gelling, despite the fact that without the addition of carbon dioxide or other satisfactory gelation preventing material the addition of the formula proportion of silicate often causes setting of the crutcher mix, halting production and requiring a difficult cleanout.
The slurries treated by the method of this invention will remain miscible and pumpable for at least 15 minutes after cessation of carbon dioxide addition and normally the period for pumpability will be at least 1/2 hour after termination of the carbon dioxide treatment. In some instances this time will extend to an hour, two hours or four hours, depending on the circumstances, amount of carbon dioxide employed, crutcher slurry formulation, temperature, solids content and other variables.
The crutched slurry, with inorganic salt particles uniformly distributed therein, in part due to the desirable effects of the addition of the carbon dioxide, is transferred in the usual manner to a spray drying facility, which is usually located adjacent to the crutcher. The slurry is dropped from the crutcher to a positive displacement pump, which forces it at high pressure through spray nozzles in a conventional countercurrent (or concurrent) spray tower, wherein droplets of the slurry fall through hot drying gas (usually fuel oil combustion products) and are dried to desired absorptive bead form. During such drying, due to the high temperatures encountered, part of the bicarbonate is converted to carbonate, with the release of carbon dioxide, which appears to improve the physical characteristics of the beads made, so that they are more absorptive of liquid nonionic detergent to be post-sprayed onto them subsequently.
After drying in the drying gas, which ranges in temperature from about 600� C. down to 100� C. in passage through the tower, the product is screened to desired size, e.g., No's, 10 to 100, U.S. Standard Sieve Series, and is ready for application of nonionic detergent spray thereto, with the beads being either in warm or cooled (to room temperature) condition. The nonionic detergent, applied to the tumbling beads in known manner, is preferably a condensation product of ethylene oxide and higher fatty alcohol, with the higher fatty alcohol being of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably of 12 to 16 carbon atoms, and with the nonionic detergent containing from about 3 to 20 ethylene oxide groups per mol, preferably from 6 to 12. The proportion of nonionic detergent in the final product will usually be from 10 to 25%, such as from 15 to 22%. However, other proportions may also be employed, as desired, depending on the end use of the product. A preferred finished product formulation contains 15 to 22% of the nonionic detergent (e.g., Neodol� 23-6.5, made by Shell Chemical Company), 30 to 40% of sodium bicarbonate, 20 to 30% of sodium carbonate, 5 to 15% of sodium silicate of Na2 O:SiO2 ratio of 1:2.4 and 0.5 to 5 or 10% moisture. Such product may also include, in place of proportionate amounts of the other constituents, about 2% of fluorescent brightener(s), about 1% of proteolytic enzyme(s), sufficient bluing to color the product as desired, usually about 0.01 to 0.1%, and 0.2 to 1% of perfume. The base beads made, devoid of nonionic detergent and adjuvants, will preferably comprise from 35 or 40 to 60% of sodium bicarbonate, 20 or 25 to 45% of sodium carbonate, 10 to 20% of sodium silicate, 0 to 10% of adjuvant(s) and/or diluent(s) and 1 to 10% of moisture. In both the base and finished products the proportion of sodium bicarbonate to sodium carbonate will usually be within the range of 1:1 to 3:1, preferably be within the range of 1.2:1 to 2.4:1.
The exceptionally beneficial result of incorporation of the carbon dioxide in the crutcher slurry in accordance with this invention allows the commercialization of the described product because it facilitates manufacture without the economically disastrous downtimes and cleanups otherwise associated with premature gelation and setting of the crutcher slurry. The mechanism for the setting is not completely understood but it relates to the presence of silicate with the bicarbonate-carbonate mixture, and the influence of the carbon dioxide on their interactions. Although it is conceivable that premature setting of such crutcher mixes could be avoided by modifications of the proportions of bicarbonate, carbonate and silicate, changing of the type of silicate, stringent temperature and mixing controls, and the use of other gelation preventing compounds, such modifications might sometimes affect the properties of the heavy duty detergent to be made or could require impracticable controls. Accordingly, they have been resisted. Also, making such modifications might require the stocking of a variety of additional materials, which could be detrimental to the economy of operation. Instead, with the present invention, at little expense and without detrimental effects on the product, the desired proportions of the builder salts can be employed and reasonable variations in such proportions can be made, as desired, without fear of freeze-ups in the crutcher. Tests of the base beads and of the final product show no adverse effects due to the carbon dioxide addition and both the base beads and final product are of desired bulk densities and flow properties. The carbon dioxide added to the slurry appears to serve as a source of carbonate, the addition of which could otherwise have promoted gelation, whereas the addition of carbon dioxide retards and prevents gelation. It is considered that the carbon dioxide can react with alkali in the crutcher to form bicarbonate and that such compound can be at least partially decomposed to carbonate during spray drying of the crutcher slurry.
The following examples illustrate but do not limit the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all temperatures are in �C. and all parts are by weight in the examples and throughout the specification.
285 Parts of city tap water of about 100 p.p.m. hardness, as CaCO3, 260 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 56 parts of soda ash (natural) are mixed together in a mixing vessel, with the temperature being maintained at about 50� C. The salts are of particle sizes in the No's. 100-200 range, U.S. Sieve Series. The additions of the mentioned materials take place over a period of about ten minutes and are in the order given, although the orders of addition of the salts may be varied. To this mixture are added, with stirring, 189 parts of a 47.5% solids content aqueous solution of sodium silicate of Na2 O:SiO2 ratio of 1:2.4, concurrently with about three parts of gaseous carbon dioxide (or enough to maintain the pH at about 9.9), such additions being gradual over a period of about 8 minutes. The gaseous carbon dioxide is obtained from a standard commercial pressurized cylinder of liquid carbon dioxide and the gas is bubbled through the slurry at approximately atmospheric pressure (about 760 millimeters of mercury) but, of course, the pressure is greater than the head of slurry above the gas discharge opening. The initial gas temperature is about 5� C. but additional heating applied maintains the slurry at 50� C. During the addition of the sodium silicate solution, concurrently with the carbon dioxide, the pH of the slurry is checked periodically and is controlled at about 9.9 by regulating the additions of the silicate solution and the carbon dioxide accordingly. Such control is precise enough so that the pH is held in the range of 9.7 to 10.1 at all times when the silicate is being added. The mixer employed maintains the slurry homogeneous and such mixing is assisted by the subsurface addition of the carbon dioxide, whereby local overconcentrations of silicate are avoided. Even when such concentrations may occur the presence of the carbon dioxide assists in preventing objectionable gelation and solidification of the mixture.
After completion of the additions of the silicate solution and carbon dioxide, mixing is continued for another half hour, during which period the slurry is maintained in miscible and pumpable liquid form, and no solidification thereof occurs.
In contrast to the results obtained when the method of the invention is practiced, when the same experiment is repeated under the same conditions except for omission of the addition of carbon dioxide (a control experiment), the crutcher mix solidifies before all of the silicate solution has been added.
When the above described experiment of the invention is repeated, with 20% of the carbon dioxide being first bubbled through the preliminary crutcher slurry, containing water, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, and with the balance thereof being added concurrently with the sodium silicate solution in the manner previously described, the initial pH of the slurry when the silicate solution is first added is lowered to about 9.9 (from about 10.1), which is considered to be preferable for the prevention of gelation and excess thickening, and the making of the crutcher formulation containing silicate proceeds without any objectionable gelation or solidification of the mix.
When variations in the proportions of the mentioned materials are made, �10% and �20%, with the proportions being kept with the ranges set forth in the preceding specification, the mixing also will proceed satisfactorily. Good processing and satisfactory product are also obtainable when the silicate is changed to one of Na2 O:SiO2 ratio of 1:2 or 1:2.6. This is also the case when 10% of the amount of each of the various inorganic salts is replaced by a corresponding potassium salt. Replacement of 65 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 14 parts of sodium carbonate and 47 parts of sodium silicate solution with 101 parts of Zeolite 4A (hydrated to 20%) and 25 parts of water will yield a good crutcher mix which will not gel or set when processed according to the method of this invention. Similarly, no setting will occur when dry ice or liquid CO2 is substituted, preferably only in part, for gaseous carbon dioxide, and is added periodically, with care to maintain the pH in the desired range in the above processes.
The described base beads made are free flowing and are suitable for conversion to built nonionic detergent compositions by addition of polyethoxylated higher fatty alcohol detergent, e.g., Neodol� 23-6.5, to them in liquid state, with the detergent being absorbed by the beads in known manner.
The procedure of Example 1 is followed but small proportions of desirable adjuvants are incorporated in the crutcher mix after the additions of aqueous silicate solution and gaseous carbon dioxide, the slurry is spray dried to form free flowing base beads and these are then converted to a finished detergent product by absorption therein of nonionic detergent and by blending with other adjuvants. Incorporated in the slurry preferably after addition of the silicate and carbon dioxide, are 2% of aqueous fluorescent brightener solution (about 0.1% of such brightener) and 0.5% of pigment (ultramarine blue), on a final product basis. The making of the crutcher mix proceeds uneventfully, without undesirable gelation, and within a period of 20 minutes, from 10 to 30 minutes after completion of the addition of the slurry components, the slurry is dropped from the crutcher and spray dried to base bead form. After being dropped, the slurry is pumped at a pressure of about 35 kilograms per square centimeter through conventional spray nozzles, having orifices about 1 mm. in diameter, into heated drying air (products of combustion of fuel oil) in a countercurrent spray drying tower in which the drying air inlet temperature is about 425� C. and the outlet temperature is about 105� C. The dried beads resulting are screened to be within a desired range of No's. 10 to 100, U.S. Sieve Series sizes. They have a moisture content in the range of 1 to 10%, normally being about 3 to 5%. They are free flowing and of a bulk density in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 gram per milliliter. Subsequently, sufficient nonionic detergent (Neodol� 23-6.5) in liquid form, at a temperature of about 50� C., is sprayed onto the base beads to make a product containing about 20% of the nonionic detergent, 35% of sodium bicarbonate, 25% of sodium carbonate, 10% sodium silicate, 2% of moisture and the balance of adjuvants. If desired, about 0.5% of proteolytic enzyme, such as Maxatase�, may be blended with the finished product to assist in its heavy duty cleaning activity against stains and soils which are subject to enzymatic attack.
The product resulting is an excellent heavy duty laundry detergent of the controlled foam type. It is free flowing by the tests normally employed, having a flow rate greater than 70% of that of equivalently sized dry sand (see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 964,037, filed Dec. 21, 1978, for a description of the method for determining flowability). Its bulk density is about 0.7 g./ml., within a desired range of 0.6 to 0.9 g./ml.
The invention has been described with respect to various illustrative examples and embodiments thereof but is not to be limited to these because it is evident that one of skill in the art, with the present teaching before him, will be able to utilize substitutes and equivalents without departing from the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
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|May 27, 1975
|Burke Oliver W Jun
|Detergent compositions and detergent adjuvant combinations thereof, and processes for forming the same
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|Colgate Palmolive Co
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|Colgate-Palmolive Company
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|Colgate Palmolive Company
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|Oct 23, 1984
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|Stabilization of silicate solutions
|May 13, 1994
|Aug 20, 1996
|Eka Nobel Ab
|Silicate composition
|Apr 6, 1995
|Aug 27, 1996
|Church & Dwight Co., Inc.
|Method for removing rosin soldering flux from a printed wiring board
|May 23, 1995
|Jan 21, 1997
|Basf Corporation
|Polymeric dispersants for soda ash based detergent slurries
|May 23, 1995
|Apr 8, 1997
|Basf Corporation
|Hydrophilic copolymers for reducing the viscosity of detergent slurries
|Mar 15, 1996
|Feb 3, 1998
|Amway Corporation
|Detergent composition containing discrete whitening agent particles
|Mar 15, 1996
|Feb 3, 1998
|Amway Corporation
|Powder detergent composition and method of making
|May 23, 1995
|Mar 31, 1998
|Basf Corporation
|Hydrophilic copolymers for reducing the viscosity of detergent slurries
|Jul 15, 1996
|Jul 21, 1998
|Basf Corporation
|Polycarboxylate polymers for retarding the gelation of sodium carbonate slurries
|Mar 10, 1998
|Nov 23, 1999
|Amway Corporation
|Powder detergent composition having improved solubility
|Mar 10, 1998
|Dec 7, 1999
|Amway Corporation
|Discrete whitening agent particles method of making, and powder detergent containing same
|Oct 23, 1997
|Dec 28, 1999
|Amway Corporation
|Powder detergent composition having improved solubility
|Mar 10, 1998
|Jun 27, 2000
|Amway Corporation
|Powder detergent composition and method of making
|Mar 10, 1997
|Jan 23, 2001
|Amway Corporation
|Free-flowing agglomerated nonionic surfactant detergent composition and process for making same
|Apr 7, 1994
|Apr 2, 2002
|Ecolab Inc.
|Process for manufacturing solid cast silicate-based detergent compositions and resultant product
|Dec 1, 2009
|Gonzalez Gustavo M
|Cleaning compositions for removing organic deposits in hard to reach surfaces
|Jul 26, 2004
|Jan 13, 2005
|Gonzalez Gustavo M.
|Cleaning compositions for removing organic deposits in hard to reach surfaces
|Jul 22, 2003
|Dec 14, 2006
|Clenvi Co., Ltd.
|Process for producing a powder consisting of sodiumsesquicarbonate and layered silicate
|Jun 18, 2009
|Dec 31, 2009
|Hossam Hassan Tantawy
|Process for Preparing a Powder
|Jan 21, 2010
|Reed William C
|Cleaning agent
|Jun 23, 2011
|Hossam Hassan Tantawy
|Process for Preparing a Powder
|Jun 8, 1994
|Aug 15, 1995
|Church & Dwight Co., Inc.
|Method for removing soldering flux with alkaline salts, an alkali metal silicate and anionic polymer
|Jun 8, 1994
|Oct 3, 1995
|Church & Dwight Co., Inc.
|Method for removing soldering flux with alkaline metal carbonate salts and an alkali metal silicate
|Jun 8, 1994
|Dec 12, 1995
|Church & Dwight Co. Inc.
|Low foaming effective hydrotrope
|Aug 6, 2002
|Dec 9, 2004
|Henkel Kgaa
|Mittel und Vorrichtung sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung f�r Wasch-, Reinigungs- oder Pflegemittel
|Jun 25, 2008
|Dec 30, 2009
|The Procter and Gamble Company
|A process for preparing a detergent powder
|Mar 24, 1993
|Dec 23, 1993
|Church & Dwight Company, Inc.
|Low foaming effective hydrotrope
|Nov 30, 1999
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|The Procter & Gamble Company
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 20, 1982
Owner name: COLGATE-PALMOLIVE COMPANY; 300 PARK AVE., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SCHREIBER, RONALD S.;REEL/FRAME:004037/0871
Effective date: 19810911
|May 16, 1986
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 14, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 12, 1994
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 4, 1994
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 14, 1995
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19941207


text:
GREENTREE FESTIVAL 2016: Save the date for this year's festival - September 16, 17, and 18, in Kirkwood Park.
SSM St. Clare Health Center:
Main Stage Entertainment and Shuttle Sponsor
OneMain Financial: FolkLife Festival Sponsor
Zisser Tire & Auto: Kids' Day Sponsor
Great Southern Bank: Main
Information Booth Sponsor
Waterway Car Wash: Lost Kids' Booth Sponsor
Stream Benefits Group: Tennis Tournament Sponsor
Commerce Bank: Arts & Crafts Area Sponsor
Amtrak / Missouri RiverRunner: Party in the Park Sponsor
PJ's Tavern and Jefferson
Grill: Parade Sponsor
Kirkwood Home and Landscape and Julie's Garden Design: Parade Sponsor
Tropical Moose: Kids' Day Sponsor
Planning Design Studio: Dog Show / Canine Frisbee Contest Sponsor
Special Events Fall/Winter 2015-16
NFL Punt, Pass and Kick Ages 6-15
Are you ready for some football? Kirkwood & Webster Groves will host this football skills competition. Participants compete in the areas of punting, passing, and kicking in separate boys and girls age groups. Winners receive ribbons and have the opportunity to advance to a sectional competition and may move on to a state competition held at a St. Louis Rams game. In case of rain, this event will not be made up. Wed. 9/23 Competition starts at 6 p.m. sharp Sign up online at www.nflppk.com Greentree Park No charge!
Fall Hayrides All Ages
What a great way to get out and enjoy beautiful fall weather in Kirkwood Park! We will be offering hayrides for groups (maximum of 25 riders). Fee includes 30-minute hayride and 45 minutes at a bonfire complete with hot chocolate and s'mores.
Sun. Oct. 18; 25 6:45 p.m. or 7:45 p.m.
Sun. Nov. 1; 8 6 p.m. or 7 p.m.
$150 per wagon per night
In the event of inclement weather, we will not be able to reschedule, but will give a refund.
R & NR $10 (supplies not included)
Imagination Stations All Ages
We partnered up with the Kirkwood Library to offer a program filled with story time, craft activities, games and more! Each month we'll be exploring a different fun location! No Charge!
Imagination FRUIT Station Wed. 10/14 6:30 p.m.
Pumpkins galore! Meet at Kirkwood Farmer's Market Greenway.
Imagination POLICE Station Thurs. 11/12 6:30 p.m.
Meet some of our area heroes! Meet at Kirkwood Police Station.
Imagination TRAIN Station Thurs. 1/14 6:30 p.m.
Listen up for the train whistle! Meet at the Kirkwood Train Station.
Imagination FIRE Station Thurs. 2/11 6:30 p.m.
Check out the big red trucks! Meet at Big Bend Firehouse.
Pre-registration required. Register by calling 314-822-5855
Family Nerf War Ages 6 and Up
Kids, challenge your family to a fast-paced, all-out NERF war! We are teaming up with Webster Groves Parks and Recreation for this battle of wit, skill, and speed. Each participant needs to bring one (and only
one!) Nerf gun (any type). We'll provide the darts, safety glasses, and post-war treat.
Pre-registration is required.
R $10 NR $12 per person
Sat. 10/3, 10 a.m.-Noon Kirkwood Community Center
Rummage Sale
Why drive around aimlessly searching for garage sales when you can find all of them in one place? Shop till you drop as we gather sellers in the Community Center gymnasium. Tables are available for rental for $20 and include space on, under and behind table. Table information available for pick up at the Kirkwood Community Center or by e-mailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
Sat. 10/17, 8 a.m.-12 p.m. Kirkwood Community Center
Kirkwood-Webster Turkey Day Run All Ages
Our Annual Thanksgiving Day run features 3 and 6 mile races on courses between Kirkwood and Webster. Entry forms and information will be available online at bigriverrunning.com/KWTurkeyDay
or at the Community Center starting 10/1. The first 4,000 to register will receive a giveaway. Pre-registration $18 or race day registration $25.
Thurs. 11/26 3-mile starts 7:30 a.m.; 6-mile starts 8:10
Gum Drop Mountain Ages 7-11
Looking to get some holiday shopping done? Drop the kids at the community center for a Winter Wonderland afternoon. We'll enjoy a lunch of pizza and drinks, makes holiday candy houses, and play games in the gym. Pre-registration required. This is a drop off program.
Fri. 12/4 12-3 p.m. R $12 NR $17 Kirkwood Community Center
Candy Cane Hunt Ages 2-10
Santa's reindeer have been busy dropping candy canes in Kirkwood Park! Some candy canes will have special prizes attached! Dress warm for this outdoor event. Come early to decorate a hunting bag! Hunt
followed by hot chocolate and pictures with Santa. Pre-registration is required. Candy Cane Hunt begins promptly at 10 a.m.
Pre-registration: R&NR $3 Day of Registration: R&NR $5 per child
Sat., 12/12 Kirkwood Park Lion's Pavilion
Skate with Santa All Ages
Santa is coming to the Ice Arena for a visit! Come skate with him during the public session! Normal admission policies and prices apply.
Sat. 12/19, 1:30-3:30 p.m. Kirkwood Ice Arena
Kids Movie Day Ages 7-13
Kids, take a break from the cold and enjoy a movie on the big screen! Join us for pizza, lemonade & snacks before enjoying "Big Hero 6." Pre-registration is required.
R $10 NR $12 per person
Wed. 12/30, 12-3 p.m. Kirkwood Community Center
Daddy Daughter Dance Ages 3-10
Dads, grandpas or guardians, grab your dancing shoes and bring your little darlings to the Valentine's Dance! We will serve appetizers and have professional pictures available for purchase (cash or check).
R $10 NR $12 per person
Fri. 1/29, 6:30 - 8:30 p.m. Kirkwood Community Center
Sign Up for the Parks and Recreation E-Club and/or the Kirkwood E-News
Kirkwood City Hall
139 S. Kirkwood Road
Kirkwood, Missouri 63122
8am to 5pm
Kirkwood Community Center
111 S. Geyer Road - 63122
Mon-Thurs: 8am to 7:30pm
Fri: 8am-5:30pm. Sat: 9am-noon
Subscribe Kirkwood's RSS Feed
Follow Kirkwood on Twitter
Contact Webmaster


text:
'CM has opened clean chit window'The principal opposition Congress and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) took turns to hit out at the Devendra Fadnavis-led state government over corruption and tainted ministers during debates in both the Houses of the state Legislature on Thursday. Opposition ... Asian Age, 6 days ago
Congress likely to go solo in civic polls - Asian Age, 1 week ago
Maharashtra: Congress-NCP to raise tainted ministers' issue in monsoon session - DNA India, 2 weeks ago
5,835 images for congress and nationalist congress party
BJP unnecessarily exaggerating Rahul Gandhi's nap in Parliament: NCP
The Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) today criticized the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for politicising Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi's nap in Parliament and said that the latter should be given a benefit of doubt as at times several leaders ...Business Standard, 6 days ago India: Neda Emerges From Saffron Cocoon OpEd Eurasia Review, 2 weeks ago AAP helping BJP to win elections: NCP United News of India, 3 weeks ago BJP neglected Vidarbha: Praful The Hindu, 1 month ago
NCP hails K.J. George's decision to step down
The Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) on Tuesday hailed Karnataka minister K.J. George's resignation after a Madikeri court ordered registration of case against him in connection with the suicide of Deputy Superintendent of Police M.K. Ganapati. Asserting that ...Sify, 1 week ago
NCP MP flays civic chief for condition of public toilets
Reporters Name | ST Correspondent | Wednesday, 13 July 2016 AT 11:56 PM IST Pune: Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) city unit President and Member of Parliament Vandana Chavan on Tuesday criticised Municipal Commissioner Kunal Kumar for not ...Sakaal Times, 2 weeks ago NCP forms jumbo working committee Sakaal Times, 2 weeks ago NCP leader in 4-day police custody for dacoity case Times of India, 2 weeks ago NCP appeals CM to hold all party leaders meeting HT Syndication, 2 weeks ago
PCMC to spend Rs 5 cr on Bhim Srushti project
Pimpri: It seems that with the civic polls approaching, the ruling Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation has decided to woo followers of Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar by developing Bhim Srushti at Pimpri Chowk. The ...Sakaal Times, 2 weeks ago 10 Congress corporators are likely to join NCP Sakaal Times, 2 weeks ago Congress must fight civic elections on its own, says Vikhe Patil Times of India, 3 weeks ago Warning against untreated sewage release in Pavana Times of India, 1 month ago
No relief from HC for Pankaj Bhujbal
The Bombay High Court on Wednesday refused to quash the plea of Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) leader Pankaj Bhujbal to cancel the non-bailable warrant (NBW) issued against him in a money-laundering...The Hindu, 1 week ago No further relief to Pankaj Bhujbal, HC to hear plea on non-bailable warrant on June 24 Millennium Post, 1 month ago Bhujbal, son approach Bombay HC for relief in money laundering case Asian Age, 2 months ago SC refuses to stay NBW against Bhujbal's son The Hindu, 2 months ago
NCP alleges Rs 12,000 cr scam in THR Scheme, demands ACB inquiry
Mumbai, Jul 14 (UNI) The Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) today demanded an inquiry by Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) into the Take Home Ration (THR) scam worth more than Rs 12,000 crore while implementing the nutritious diet scheme of the government ...United News of India, 1 week ago
Sadan Scam Row : Bail Granted to Chhagan Bhujbal by ACB Court
M umbai : The special anti-corruption bureau(ACB) court on Wednesday allowed bail to Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) pioneer Chhagan Bhujbal and his nephew Sameer Bhujbal in the Maharashtra Sadan scam case. They will, in any case, keep on being ...Odisha Samaya, 1 month ago Bhujbal, nephew get bail in Maharashtra Sadan scam case Hindustan Times, 1 month ago ACB grants bail to NCP's Chhagan Bhujbal Ani News, 1 month ago ACB court grants bail to Chhagan Bhujbal Equilibrio Informativo, 1 month ago
Keeping alliance options open: Pawar
Pimpri: Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) leader Ajit Pawar said here on Saturday that considering NCP's stronghold in PCMC, there is no immediate plan for forging an alliance with Congress. But there remains an option of the alliance if the party ...Sakaal Times, 2 weeks ago Ajit Pawar resignation: Sharad Pawar to meet Chavan Dailymotion, 3 weeks ago NCP corporator Asha Supe wants to be Pimpri mayor, submits memorandum to Sharad Pawar Times of India, 3 weeks ago Sharad Pawar to address party workers on June 24 Sakaal Times, 1 month ago
Khadse's words won't shake country, but BJP: NCP
Mumbai, July 2 (ANI): The Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) on Saturday asked former Maharashtra revenue minister Eknath Khadse to speak up and reveal the facts known to him after the latter stirred a row, saying country would "shake" if he opened ...Yahoo! India, 3 weeks ago NCP opposes land acquisition for proposed Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway project Times of India, 3 weeks ago Walse-Patil: Now NCP will not save BJP government Times of India, 1 month ago Eknath Khadse's words won't shake country, but BJP: NCP Financial Express, 3 weeks ago
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Chest Pain Overview (cont.)
Can chest pain be prevented?
Many forms of chest pain can be prevented. This is true for both cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain. For example, cardiac chest pain may be prevented in individuals that choose not to smoke and live a healthy lifestyle that includes low-fat foods, fiber, and exercise. Individuals that have risk factors for cardiac disease can reduce their risk and concomitant chest pain by following the instructions and medications provided by their doctor. Reducing atherosclerosis, the most common cause of cardiac chest pain, results in chest pain prevention.
Like cardiac chest pain, non-cardiac chest pain may be prevented by preventing the underlying causes of pain. For example, avoiding situations that may increase your risk for pneumonia, chest muscle strain, or chest trauma are ways to prevent non-cardiac chest pain.
Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 6/18/2015
Medical Author:
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3. Coherence means 6. An excellent account of why The General Theory of Moral Sentiments short essay on leonardo da vinci and the source was posted or updated online, if this history is made apparent which could only be figured there. Add a comma splice , such an idea taking filmic form of be.
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Magee Hickey
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July 26, 2011: Magee Hickey has been named reporter at WPIX in New York. She had been reporter at WCBS in New York. (FishbowlNY)


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Read the July issue of Petfood Industry!
July 2016
The July 2016 issue of Petfood Industry covers a Canadian specialty pet food company with a "quality first, pets first" philosophy behind all of its products.
The Integra system from Haver Filling Systems Inc. is a self-contained valve bag filling system ideal for filling loose bulk materials. The Integra system can process up to 99 different material and bag combinations and has a HAVER MEC weighing control system. It can be equipped with an air system, vertical or horizontal impeller, and up to four filling spouts for a production rate of up to 15 bags per minute.


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The Raspberry Pi, and the WiPi USB dongle, with questions about power…
I'm having lots of fun with my Raspberry Pi, and I've decided to launch one of my crazy spare-time projects: inspired by this article detailing the construction of RUDEBOT, a kind of mobile tablet robot, I decided to build a robot of my own. But, anything worth doing is worth changing and adapting, so I thought I'd put my own spin on it, and use the Raspberry Pi and an Arduino combined to provide the brains of this robot.
The original incarnation of the RUDEBOT used an Arduino and a WiFi shield. I didn't like this approach because the WiFi shield is, by all accounts, fairly buggy and limited, and the actual cost of the shield is rather high. It dawned on me that I could buy a Raspberry Pi and a WiPi (the tiny USB 802.11n dongle you see on the right) for less money, and I'd have the advantage of also carrying a full Linux computer on board. I could turn my incarnation into a kind of mobile hotspot, which seemed like it might be a fun thing to try. I would still use the Arduino to handle the basic motor controls with commands sent over a serial port from the Raspberry Pi. Having that much hardware on board makes all sorts of software possible.
While waiting for parts to arrive, I just sort of began doodling using OpenSCAD to design the basic layout. I built CAD models for the motors and the platform, and selected a 12V 7 amp hour SLA battery. And then... began to think about power.
The documentation says that the Raspberry Pi can consume up to 700ma of current while running. Often, you'll see that whenever anyone adds any significant USB peripherals to a Pi, they use a powered USB hub. In theory USB devices are supposed to be able to request 500ma of current from the host, but the Raspberry Pi (the second version, the originals ones had even lower power capabilities) has fuses which limit total current at 1A. So clearly, power hungry peripherals can require additional power, and a powered hub is the common solution.
But which peripherals are power hungry? In particular, it would be great if I could hook up the WiPi wireless dongle without having to provide additional power. So, I set out to research whether it was feasible. I saw three ways to proceed:
- Simply try it. If it works, then it works. Hard to argue with that, but it doesn't tell you a lot about what the limits are. Would adding an additional keyboard/bluetooth/mouse push it over the edge? Undisciplined trial and error doesn't seem like a good approach.
- Try it, but measure the current required. This seems like a better approach, and gives you hard data. Basically I'd need to tap a microusb cable so that I could put in my trusty multimeter, and I could measure the current directly. I probably will do that soon.
- Try to research how much current these things are spec'ed to use.
The last is easy to do when you have an iPad in front of you during lunch, so that's of course what I did. But the figure that I'm interested in (power consumption) is not very often listed for USB peripherals. But it turns out that USB peripherals are supposed to give some hints to the host about how much power they require. If you plug in a peripheral to your Linux box (including the pi), you can simply use the command "lsusb -v" to get a dump of all the USB devices, and see what the driver for the hardware thinks it needs.
So, I did just that. I plugged my WiPi into the powered hub, and had a peek. Here's the dump, most of which is pretty uninteresting, but which contains the Max Power...
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 148f:5370 Ralink Technology, Corp. RT5370 Wireless Adapter Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x148f Ralink Technology, Corp. idProduct 0x5370 RT5370 Wireless Adapter bcdDevice 1.01 iManufacturer 1 Ralink iProduct 2 802.11 n WLAN iSerial 3 1.0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 67 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 450mA
450ma. Ouch. That seems like a lot. I find it kind of hard to believe that such a tiny transmitter can pull that much current without melting itself (it's tiny). So, I'm left with some questions:
- Can the WiPi really pull that much current?
- Can I use it without plugging it into a powered hub? Some people do seem to be doing that, and have even said that it doesn't work properly when plugged into some powered hubs.
- I'm also interested in hooking an Arduino to the Pi. How much current can the Arduino pull?
- Ultimately, I probably will want to power all of this equipment with my 12V SLA battery. What's a reasonable solution to powering the Pi, Arudino and potentially a powered hub? I'm looking for quick and dirty, but also reasonable and reliable.
Any hints from robot/power/Raspberry Pi experts are welcome, here or via twitter @brainwagon.
More OpenSCAD tinkering…
The other day, I was at Harbor Freight, and picked up an inexpensive set of digital calipers. While goofing around, I decided to try to reproduce an object using OpenSCAD. I had just received a pair of motors from Pololu. They look like this:
I sat in the editor, and set to work measuring. I didn't really plan this out, I just hacked until the CSG operations worked out. I did not model the flat on the drive shaft, and only modeled the six mounting holes, not the three that hold the motor together on the front. But overall, in about half an hour, I learned a bunch and came up with the following model.
I'll probably model the flats, and then figure out how to instantiate two of these and model a robots platform I'm imagining. More later.
($15) ($14) Robot Swarm developed at Harvard
I initially overcharged my readers by $1, corrected.
Just a cool link to the Kilobot project: an inexpensive platform for exploring cooperative robot swarms. The robots themselves are rather like Bristlebots: they use a pair of vibration motors which bounce the robot on rigid legs, allowing them to turn and move over smooth surfaces. They also employ a rather clever communication technique using infrared leds which are carried underneath. The light bounces off the tabletop and can reach nearby robots, or an overhead master beacon controller can broadcast programs and data to all robots simultaneously.
More information and videos of the Self-organizing Systems Research Group
Barest of Bare Bones Arduino
Here's a way to turn an ATMEGA168 into an Arduino compatible controller with a minimum of external components.
The Great Robot Race
You can view the entire Nova episode The Great Robot Race on the PBS website. It is all about the 2nd DARPA Grand Challenge Race, where autonomous vehicles race across the desert outside Las Vegas. Cool stuff!
Technorati Tags: Robots, DARPA Grand Challenge
MAKE: Blog: Waffle-making robot
From the Make blog, an ingenious inventor has created a waffle making robot.
And now, to impress my wife and her coworkers who are astounded at my useless ability to quote Futurama on any subject.... Item #4.
Leela: "Fry?? He's.. he's dead!"
Bender: "Oh, who will make Bender waffles just the way he likes them now?"
Cool Robotics Links From IBM
This Make post links to a cool IBM developerworks article on quick prototyping of robots. Many cool nuggest, including the use of cardboard to prototype robot chassis.
Mars Rover Suspension Patent
I ran across a reference to the patent on the wheel system used by NASA in their Mars Rovers, and thought that Patent 4,840,394 - Articulated Suspension System might be worth noting for future examination.
A vehicle is provided which maintains a substantially constant weight, and therefore traction, on all wheels despite one wheel moving considerably higher or lower than the others, while avoiding a very soft spring suspenson.
Robot Dreams
Lem Fugitt has a nice robotics blog, and found my pictures of Robogames 2005. He nicely linked from his blog, so I thought I'd return the favor while tooting my own horn. His blog is cool too, wander around.
M-Tran self-reconfigurable modular robot
Keeping with today's theme of robotics, here is a cool reconfigurable robot that I found courtesy of Engadget. It's a cool bot, constructed from a large number of identical modules which can connect to one another and provide a wide varity of mobility options.
Robogames 2005
Well, just got back from a day of watching robot combat at the Robogames competition in at San Francisco State. It continues tomorrow. You can look at my gallery of photos, and maybe even watch a Quicktime of a poor Robosapien competing in an event.
FIRST Competition, Silicon Valley Regional this weekend
For those of you interested in robotics, this weekend is a veritable feast. In addition to the previously mentioned Robogames, this weekend is the Silicon Valley Regional FIRST Competition at San Jose State. It's free, and sounds like fun. You can look at the agenda here. If you aren't in the San Jose area, you could try looking at this list of 2005 Regional Events.
RoboGames (formerly ROBOlympics)
RoboGames (formerly ROBOlympics) is going to be held this weekend in San Francisco! How did I let this sneak up on me? II'll have to shell out my $20 and go at least one of the days. Stay tuned for a report!
Feral Robotic Dogs
If you've got your copy of Make, you know what this is all about.
Robot Motor Test
Well, yesterday's voyage to various Silicon Valley surplus locations didn't yield many very many good buys, so my robot project is still proceeding rather slowly. I did pick up some alligator clips and scavenged the batteries out of my maglight, and gave them a test. Voila!, and and in reverse. Somewhere I heard that these motors were asymmetric, and ran at a different speed in one direction compared to the other, but as you can see, it's pretty close. I don't think I'm going to worry about it.
At 4.5 volts, the motors run somewhere around 40 rpms and pull about 1.5-1.7 amps. They also run pretty quiet, so I don't think I'll have many problems with noise.


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i am interested in anyone out there that has any thoughts on a possible theme (prefer custom - but will entertain a "common" = free theme) to use for a domain with an interesting name. please do not laugh or take the domain the wrong way, but if i must say so, the domain is a good idea for a website with a cre8tive play on words.
i cannot take full credit for the orgination of the domain, a friend of mine from college originally registered it back in 2001, but he decided not to renew it, and i could not pass it up; i have owned it since this time but have not done anything with it.
anyone with comments or ideas would be appreciative.


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BP Makes Big Q1 Loss, As Prices Crater
BP made a first quarter net loss of $583mn, compared to a net profit of $2.6bn in Q1 2015, the UK-based oil major reported on April 26. Low oil and gas prices were a major factor.…
Schlumberger Outlines Bleak Results, Brighter Future
Oilfield services giant Schlumberger sees a continuing tightening of oil supply and demand for the rest of this year, as it reported dismal first-quarter profits on April 22. …
LNG Industry Needs Fresh Approach: Research
Forecasting Asian LNG demand growth is a risky enterprise these days and the upstream industry needs to veer towards caution and reconsider its marketing approach, argues a new…
BP, Oman Agree to Extend Khazzan Gas Project
BP and Oman Oil have signed a heads of agreement with the government of the Sultanate of Oman to add 1,000 km² to the 2,700 km³ licence area of the Block 61 exploration…
Will Equals Way: Unconventional Gas in Russia
Although the present conjuncture is not conducive to investments in the still locally unproven and expensive methods of obtaining energy resources, Russia is developing its…
Gas Flows in South-East Europe: Short-term and Long-term Security Concerns
In her analysis of pipelines routes and projects for meeting the demand of countries in the Balkans and South-eastern Europe at the European Gas Conference, Daria Nochevnik, EU…
Serbia and 'Turkish Stream'
Serbia and other possibly interested countries should take an active role in order for the project "Turkish Stream" to be implemented. This is the conclusion of the…
Hungary: Open for Business (again)
Signaling a willingness to get its mining industry back up and running, Hungary's Ministry of National Development recently held an event entitled 'Investors Forum on Concession'…
JKX Updates Rudenkovskoye Multi-Stage Frac
JKX Oil & Gas plc has an updated its nine-stage fracture stimulation project on the 1-km horizontal section of well R-103 in the Rudenkovskoye deep tight-gas field near…
JKX Prepares for Fracking in Rudenkovskoye
British explorer JKX Oil & Gas says it is ready to proceed with hydraulic fracturing at a license in Ukraine. The company issued a statement about pogress in the…
Aurelian and San Leon Complete Merger
Aurelian, the UK-based explorer, has announced its merger with San Leon Energy. In a statement, the company, which has extensive interests in eastern Europe, said its shares had…
Aurelian's Quest Ends with San Leon Deal
Aurelian Oil & Gas announced that it has entered into a merger with San Leon Energy, bring together two leading player in the European unconventional gas sector. San Leon…
Ascent Resources Confirms Negotiations on Petisovci Farm Out
Ascent Resources plc has confirmed it is in negotiations with a number of parties regarding a farm out of its Petisovci tight gas project in Slovenia. Ascent was responding to…
Ukraine: Iskander and Hutton Energy JV in Donets Basin
Hutton Energy Plc has announced a joint venture with Iskander Energy Corp. on its exploration license in the Donets Basin, Ukraine.The new JV (49% Hutton/51% Iskander) will test…
Unconventionals: All About Innovation
Dr. Rashid Khan, Head of Intellectual Property at Saudi Aramco, provided a bit of perspective to delegates at the Unconventional Gas Forum in Barcelona, Spain. In 1899, he…


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Frugal Decorating: Turn a Simple Book into Decoration
by Leah Wynne
Here's a decorative accent for a living room. Take a thick hard-cover book that's just sitting around. I used an accounting textbook that's about two inches thick. Spray the pages with gold spray paint. Do this by holding the book tightly closed while you spray. Then using spray glue, bind the book covers with a fabric remnant. The more elegant the fabric, the better. Now wrap 1" velvet ribbon around the book like you would a present. Make a bow with the ribbon and centre it on the book. Using your glue gun, tuck in small pieces of dried flowers all around the bow. Use your judgement as to how far out to take the flowers. Remember, you want to see the book as well. This is a pretty accent for a side table in a living room.
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On July 16th a fatal crash west of Newcastle, Wyoming resulted in the death of 27 year old Newcastle resident George Thompson. The crash occurred at 7:00 p.m. near milepost 241 on US Highway 16 approximately seven miles west of Newcastle.
The most recent issue of Yellowstone Science celebrates wolf restoration and the many scientific research projects and findings on wolves of Yellowstone National Park since their reintroduction to the area more than 20 years ago.
South Dakota is now requiring a negative brucellosis test on Big Horn County cattle and domestic bison prior to importation into the state. On July 12, the South Dakota Animal Industry Board approved a Board Order, effective immediately, which states:
The 8th Annual Rope for Knowledge Scholarship Roping will be held on Saturday, August 20 at the Johnson County Fairgrounds in Buffalo, WY.
The Arden Fire was detected on Tuesday and is currently at 0% containment. The fire has burned 350 acres of land as of noon Wednesday. At this time their is no confirmed cause or any structures being threatened.
Monday afternoon a fire was reported at the Kaycee Landfill. Once the fire was started it spread quickly due to the winds.
Monday evening, Bighorn National Forest and Johnson County Firefighters responded to a lightning caused wildfire off U.S. Highway 16 near Circle Park.
Latest Wyoming news, sports, business and entertainment
The second annual Summer Institute, put on by Sheridan County School District 2, starts at 10 a.m. today at Sheridan College.
The annual "New Vaudevillians" Show at the WYO Theater begins a four week run tonight.
WYO theater executive Director Erin Butler says Sheridan had a long history of Vaudeville shows and says the "New Vaudevillians" keeps that history alive.
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