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Rael and I were playing a game of blitz and being excessively talkative. After I made my last move he still had around one minute on his clock, but instead of making his move he decided to point out the fact that my clock had no time left. We laughed at it until it was too late, and I won on time with literally NO TIME left! You have to have lightning-speed reflexes like me to time your move on the exact moment the clock turns to zero. Good job distracting yourself Rael!
Haha this was too funny. I had what looked like a minute and a half on my clock and I was up a bunch of material, and we were right in the middle of a conversation so I decided to wait on it (which is silly, we could've kept talking after the game finished, of course), but when we saw that his time was 0:00 we started to discuss whether we could get the first ever draw on time! which would've been all sorts of epic.
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The Fan is a 1996 American thriller film directed by Tony Scott, and starring Robert De Niro and Wesley Snipes. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Peter Abrahams. The Fan is a psychological thriller that revolves around the sport of baseball, exploring the overt dedication of some of its followers. Wikipedia
Coop: No one calls me Coop anymore, you sick son of a bitch.
|1 point
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subset: commoncrawl


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York Harbor, MEUSA
Hometown: Detroit, MI
February 25, 2013
Wilderness Tsunami 145
Hiking, biking, walking, sailing.
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Live on the Maine seacoast. Been paddling w/ friends along the Maine/NH coast up to Casco Bay, and up and down most of the coastal rivers and marshes, for several years.
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Law Beaumont and Kristen Hemmings have watched each other from a distance for years. But Law, a bartender with a bad-boy past, and Kristen, an assistant principal devoted to helping her community, couldn't seem more different. When they unite to mentor a young foster child and to help Law's troubled daughter through the aftermath of her parents' ugly divorce, their attraction deepens. They face the undeniable connection between them, and a whirlwind of challenges they can only conquer together. A stirring love story and a candid look at the complexities of divorce, substance abuse, and our country's foster care system, Love on Mimosa Lane is a love song to an entire community, and a novel about the power of family - the family you've been given, the one you've chosen, and the one that can lift you up, even when the world is tearing you down.
©2014 Anna DeStefano (P)2013 Brilliance Audio, all rights reserved
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Apr 19, 2011
|Filing date
|Dec 15, 2005
|Priority date
|Dec 15, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jerome Lodewyck, Thierry Debuisschert, Rosa Tualle-Brouri, Philippe Grangier
|Original Assignee
|Thales, Le Centre National de la Recherche
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (3), Classifications (6), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present Application is based on International Application No. PCT/EP2005/056813, filed on Dec. 15, 2005, which in turn corresponds to France Application No. 0413337 filed on Dec. 15, 2004, and priority is hereby claimed under 35 USC �119 based on these applications. Each of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety into the present application.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a quantum encryption key distribution system, normally called QKD system, standing for "Quantum Key Distribution" system, using continuous variables.
It applies in particular to symmetrical or secret key cryptography systems. In these systems, the object is to enable two authorized parties to interchange messages in coded form using a secret key algorithm. A secret key normally comprises a random sequence of bits. The sender and the recipient of the message must exchange this secret key to be able subsequently to perform cryptography operations, for example, encryption, decryption, message authentication.
The security of a symmetrical algorithm thus relies totally on the key that must be kept secret.
Thus, the problem posed by these symmetrical algorithms is that it is necessary for both parties to exchange the key without said key being able to be detected by a third party spying on the interchanges between the sender and the recipient.
A quantum encryption key distribution system makes it possible to overcome this key distribution problem securely by applying the laws of quantum mechanics.
2. Description of the Prior Art
According to standard cryptography terminology, the sender is called "Alice", the recipient or receiver is called "Bob", and the spy is called "Eve". The sending and receiving means associated with the encryption protocol make it possible to quantify the information acquired by the spy.
A quantum distribution system normally requires two transmission channels: a quantum channel, for transmitting the "quantum" information, and an authenticated public channel. This authenticated public channels enables Alice and Bob to communicate. It can be listened to by Eve but without Eve being able to modify anything.
The normal procedure for such a quantum encryption key distribution system comprises the following steps:
At the end of the reconciliation protocol, Alice and Bob may have a common secret key, in which the number of bits is an inverse function of the error ratio. They can then use this key to have encrypted messages transmitted by means of a secret key cryptography algorithm, for the purposes of confidentiality or authentication, or other purposes.
Having reviewed these very general principles, the invention relates more particularly to a quantum key distribution system, which uses continuous variables. The term quantum continuous variable (QCV) cryptography is used. Such a system uses pulses with a large number of photons (typically 100) and a coherent homodyne detection, unlike the systems which operate by counting photons.
Coherent homodyne detection is easier to implement than photon counting, particularly because it uses conventional photodiodes which have a quantum efficiency close to 100%, whereas that of the photon counters is around 10%. A photon counting system must use photodiodes sensitive to an individual quantum. A continuous variable quantum key distribution system is of particular interest for implementation in a coherent optical telecommunication system.
To be secure, the distribution system needs to implement a reconciliation protocol, after which Alice and Bob have a certain number of bits in common and a privacy amplification protocol, at the end of which Alice and Bob have a secret key. Details on these protocols can in particular be found in the publications by Fr�d�ric Grosshans and Philippe Grangier, entitled "Continuous variable quantum cryptography using coherent states", published on 4 Feb. 2002, in Volume 88, Number 5 of the "PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS", and "Reverse reconciliation protocols for quantum cryptography with continuous variables", published p. 351 in the "Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing", Rinton Press, December 2002.
The invention relates more particularly to a continuous variable quantum key distribution system, using an amplitude and phase modulation, disclosed in US patent 2004/0109564, entitled "High-rate quantum key distribution scheme relying on continuously phase and amplitude-modulated coherent light pulses". Reference will be made to the text of this patent for all details and explanations concerning the protocols and algorithms used, in particular the reconciliation and privacy amplification protocols, and regarding the security of such a quantum distribution system.
To put it simply, the continuous variable quantum distribution QCV system described uses a good quality coherent light source, such as a laser diode with high spectral purity, associated with an attenuator, such as, for example, a partially reflecting plate. The light beam is divided up at high speed into intense light pulses, each of which has a large number of photons. These light pulses have the following properties:
These pulses are used on the one hand to supply a signal and a local oscillator, which will serve as a phase reference. The signal pulses are each modulated in phase and in amplitude relative to the local oscillator, and randomly, according to an appropriate continuous distribution law, such as a Gaussian law. In practice, to allow for homodyne (or coherent) detection, the signal pulses are attenuated relative to the pulses from the local oscillator. To use the example given in the abovementioned patent, the order of magnitude will be up to 250 photons in one signal pulse and 108 photons in a local oscillator pulse.
The receiver therefore implements a pulse-mode homodyne detection.
It is worth remembering that, in the quantum field, homodyne detection measures a quadrature of a low-intensity signal pulse, by making it interfere with a much more intense local oscillator, for example by means of a semi-reflecting plate, and by measuring the intensity on the two output channels obtained. This measurement is typically carried out by standard photodiodes. The output signal from the detection function is the difference between the two intensities measured by the photodiodes. This signal is proportional to the quadrature of the signal pulse.
In a pulse-mode homodyne detection, the local oscillator samples the value of a quadrature of the coherent state of the signal pulse at the instant when the local oscillator pulse arrives at the semi-reflecting plate.
In an example described in the abovementioned patent, Bob and Alice choose a Gaussian distribution law for each of the two quadratures. For each pulse of the signal, Alice randomly selects two values from the associated Gaussian distribution law, to control the modulation of the pulse respectively in phase and in amplitude. The coherent state of the pulse delivered by Alice is then defined by the quadratures whose values are random, and which are stored by Alice. The duly modulated pulses of the signal and the pulses of the local oscillator are transmitted to the receiving device Bob. Bob arbitrarily chooses the phase of the local oscillator for each signal pulse. The homodyne detector provides a measurement of the duly selected quadrature of the corresponding coherent state of each signal pulse.
Bob tells Alice, via the authenticated public channel, which quadrature has been selected, for each signal pulse. At the end of the process of sending a large number of pulses, Alice and Bob share a large number of random correlated Gaussian variables, from which the reconciliation and privacy amplification protocol will extract a private key.
The various protocols implemented in such a system will not be described in further detail. Any detailed description on this subject can in particular be found in the three references cited above.
Such a system is very advantageous in particular in terms of information bit rate, making it possible to envisage high speed secure communications.
One subject of the present invention is an implementation of such a continuous variable quantum key distribution system in a coherent optical telecommunication system, using market-standard optical fibers, between the various sending and receiving devices.
It will be remembered that a coherent telecommunication system is a system that uses a local oscillator.
Thus, the invention relates to a continuous variable quantum key distribution system, based on a random modulation of the phase and of the amplitude of coherent light pulses, the architecture of which is such that the robustness of the system is assured in the case of a connection by standard fiber between a sender Alice and a receiver Bob, in particular for long-distance communications.
The applicability of such a distribution system to a standard telecommunication system depends on the simplicity of its architecture and its implementation. In particular, the adjustment and alignment problems need to be able to be resolved simply.
One problem that arises is the transmission mode implemented between the sender and the receiver. The local oscillator and the signal must undergo identical disturbances in order to retain the phase reference. For this, they are multiplexed in the same fiber. By analogy with the discrete variable secret key distribution systems, it is possible to envisage using a frequency multiplexing or a multiplexing of the polarization states to transmit over the same telecommunication optical fiber, the signal and the local oscillator necessary to the phase reference between the sender and the receiver, to allow for coherent detection.
The so-called frequency multiplexing systems, while robust, are, however, complex to implement, since they require modulators that are synchronized in transmission and reception, for frequency translations.
The polarization state systems are better suited to telecommunication systems in free space. In practice, the market-standard optical fibers used in coherent telecommunication systems disturb the polarization state of the light pulses, which reduces the robustness of the distribution system. In particular, such systems are ill-suited to long-distance communications.
One subject of the invention is thus a system in which the transmission mode between the sender and the receiver contributes to the robustness and the simplicity of integration in a standard telecommunication system, and enables long-distance optical transmissions.
The security of such a distribution system relies exclusively on the ability to measure quantum noise. Now, the security of the protocol is directly conditional on the losses added by the transmission elements, that is, in particular, the fibers of the telecommunication network, which degrade the signal-to-noise ratio.
One technical problem that arises is in particular how to design a receiver Bob, that can be easily integrated into a standard telecommunication network, which is limited to quantum noise.
More generally, a problem that arises is a distribution system in which the various elements are defined so that the system conforms to the above criteria, that is, that it is easy to implement, easy to integrate and reliable, while operating in the quantum regime.
A solution to these various problems has been found in the invention, in a continuous variable quantum key distribution system using a time-division multiplexing of the signal and local oscillator pulses, and a receiver defined to enable a homodyne detection in pulse mode limited by the quantum noise. When associated with a sender which knows precisely the characteristics of the signal sent, and a good quality pulse source, a system is obtained that resolves the stated various technical problems.
The invention therefore relates to a continuous variable quantum encryption key distribution system, comprising a sender able to randomly choose the phase and the amplitude of each coherent light pulse of a signal, to provide a coherent state defined by a first quadrature and a second quadrature that are random, and to transmit to a receiver the signal pulses and a local oscillator, the receiver comprising a homodyne detector for measuring a randomly chosen quadrature of a signal pulse, characterized in that
The invention also relates to a coherent optical telecommunication system comprising at least one sender and one receiver of such a key distribution system.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become more clearly apparent from reading the description that follows, given for indication and in a non-limiting way, of the invention, and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
In the interests of clarity and simplicity, the common elements in the figures are given the same references.
It comprises a sender, Alice, and a receiver, Bob, linked by a standard optical fiber 10. On this fiber, the sender Alice sends signal pulses S, randomly modulated in phase and amplitude, and local oscillator pulses LO, in a time-division multiplexing mode.
In the embodiment shown, Alice comprises a coherent light pulse source 20.
This source 20 must be of high quality to provide coherent light pulses, and in a coherent state in the quantum mechanics sense. It typically comprises a light source, such as a continuous laser of high spectral purity, typically a few megahertz supplying a polarized light beam, and an amplitude modulator operating at high rate, able to range up to a few tens of gigahertz. The modulator is used to divide up the beam into intense light pulses, with a pulse time width which can be as short as a few nanoseconds. The continuous laser is, for example, a DFB (Distributed Feedback) laser operating at 1550 nm. The output of the diode is fibered and a Faraday insulator placed at the output of the diode prevents feedback.
A pulse separator 21 is provided to produce the signal pulses which will convey the quantum information to be transmitted to the receiver and the local oscillator pulses necessary to the homodyne detection in the receiver.
The separator 21 is thus a polarization-holding optical coupler, typically positioned at the output of the amplitude modulator (not shown) of the source 20. It sends the signal pulses over a first channel 22 and the local oscillator pulses over a second channel 23. The separator is asymmetrical, to supply weak signal pulses and intense local oscillator pulses, which is typically reflected in a very much higher number of photons in the local oscillator pulses, ultimately, typically in at least a ratio of 100. The number of photons in the signal pulse is adjustable, typically between 0 and around 100 photons. In one example, the coupler is of the 90/10 type (90% of the optical power for the local oscillator, 10% for the signal). In this way, the natural noise of the local oscillator is made negligible in the receiver's homodyne detection device.
Preferably, the optical separator 21 is a fibered Y-configuration, polarization-holding optical coupler.
The signal channel 22 comprises a modulator 24 of the phase and the amplitude of the signal pulses which will be detailed later, with reference to
The signal and local oscillator pulses are then recombined in a coupler 25 which receives the local oscillator pulses from the local oscillator channel 23 and the delayed, randomly modulated signal pulses from the signal channel 22. It delivers the duly time-multiplexed signal S and local oscillator LO pulses over an output channel. The delay line 27 and the coupler 25 thus form a time-division multiplexer of the local oscillator and signal pulses.
The receiver Bob according to the invention is defined to limit the losses of all the elements involved in the detection, because the losses degrade the signal-to-noise ratio, which directly conditions the security of the protocol.
It comprises a time-division demultiplexer 31 for sending the pulses over a first channel 32 or a second channel 33.
A homodyne detector 36 receives the two channels 32 and 33 as input, and supplies as output a measurement of a quadrature of each pulse coherent state forming the signal. One of the channels, in the example the channel 32, comprises a random phase modulator 34, and a delay line 35. The random phase modulator makes it possible to randomly select the quadrature that is measured in the homodyne detector 36. The delay line 35 is used to resynchronize the pulses between the two channels 32 and 33. It is in practice determined in such a way as to introduce the delay initiated by the sender between the signal and local oscillator pulses.
Preferably, the receiver also comprises a polarization controller 30 acting on the pulses received over the fiber 10 connected to the input, to correct any depolarization effects linked to the propagation in a standard telecom fiber.
A first variant embodiment of the time-division demultiplexing and of the detection function is detailed in
Preferably, the phase modulation and the delay line are provided on the channel 32 which conveys the local oscillator pulses, so as to minimize the disturbance to the signal bearing the quantum information. In practice, it is implemented by a polarization-holding fiber of given length.
The delay line 35 is used to delay the local oscillator, so as to exactly compensate the delay of the signal (initiated in the sender) on the local oscillator.
The local oscillator pulses are applied to a random phase modulator which makes it possible to randomly select, for each pulse, the quadrature on which the homodyne detection will be carried out. At the output of the channels 32 and 33, the local oscillator LO and the signal S are synchronous. They are applied to the homodyne detection device 36 in pulse mode.
The latter mainly comprises an optical mixer 360, typically a 50/50 fibered optical coupler with low insertion losses, a channel balancing device 361, a photodiode for each channel, referenced 362 and 363 in the figure, and an electronic measuring device 364 which provides a measurement of the selected signal's quadrature. This quadrature is proportional to the quadrature sent by Alice plus the quantum noise of the pulse. The elements of the balancing device 361 are chosen so as to minimize the added noise.
The channel balancing device 361 in particular comprises fine attenuators and variable couplers, associated with programmable or adjustable control electronics.
The electronic measuring device in particular comprises a device for the low-noise amplification of the detection signals, connected to the photodiodes output.
According to the homodyne detection principle, the local oscillator being much more intense than the signal, the fluctuations of the local oscillator are then reflected in correlations between the two channels, which disappear on detecting that the latter is well balanced. It is thus possible to measure extremely weak signals and reveal the quantum effects. The detection device thus provides, at the output M, a string of Gaussian variables correlated with the signal S sent by the sender.
Digital processing means (not shown) handle the storage of these information items used in the reconciliation and privacy amplification protocols to generate the secret key.
In practice, the elements of the detection device are determined for the response time of this device to be short compared to the time intervals separating two pulses; the pulse response of the device must thus be virtually zero on arrival of the next pulse. For example, for pulses transmitted with a repetition rate of 1 megahertz, the bandwidth of the device must typically be 10 megahertz.
In pulse mode, the effects of an imbalance on a homodyne detection are much greater than in continuous mode. The optical assembly and the electronics of the detector are therefore carefully determined for most of the fluctuations of the signal pulses to be detected to be due to the quantum noise. Thus, the detector is designed to minimize the effects of the thermal drifts. In particular, the photodiodes are chosen to have quasi-identical responses or responses that are as close as possible, and to have maximum quantum efficiency. They can be fibered.
The use of a fibered optical mixer makes it possible to ensure a good optical balance on the two output channels. The balancing device 361 comprises attenuators and/or variable couplers and adjustment electronics, from which the noise must be reduced to the minimum. The electronic measuring device 364 comprises very low noise amplifiers. These are preferably load amplifiers, for overcoming the thermal noise of the input impedance of the voltage amplifiers.
The receiver preferably comprises a polarization controller 30. A polarizer controller normally comprises a polarimeter 302 which analyzes the polarization of the pulses to measure a (slow) drift of this polarization and apply a correction by a polarization corrector 301, typically a birefringent element.
According to a first variant shown in
According to a second variant shown in
It will be noted that, in these two variants, the place of the phase modulator and of the local delay line in the channel 32 is immaterial and can be changed.
The delay line is defined to compensate the delay initiated by the sender.
To be able to use this type of detection, it is necessary for Alice to alternately send the signal pulses and the local oscillator pulses in the transmission line 10. Also, two successive pulses must be separated by the same time T.
A major difference lies in the time-division demultiplexing which is carried out not in an active way by an optical switch as in the embodiment illustrated in
The receiver Bob thus comprises an optical coupler 40, which sends the input pulses over a channel 41 or another channel 42. The signal and local oscillator pulses are no longer separated. They are on both the channels, as illustrated in
As previously, in
The delay line is calibrated so that, in practice, each signal, respectively local oscillator, pulse on the channel 41, is synchronized with the "complementary" local oscillator, respectively signal, pulse of the channel 42. The delay line takes account of the time offset T between the signal and local oscillator pulses initiated by the sender Alice and the delay between the two channels 42 and 41.
The receiver, Bob, randomly modulates the phase of each pulse that it receives, signal or local oscillator, so as to select the quadrature on which the measurement must be made by the detection device 36.
If the optical coupler 40 is of the 50/50 type, the light power of the pulses is reduced by half on both channels. To obtain the complete measurement of the quantum information, it is thus necessary to combine two successive detection measurements. Typically, if the first measurement is done at the time t, the next measurement at the time t+T must be combined with the first to provide the information associated with a signal pulse S.
The polarization control can be identical to that shown for the previous device, in relation to
In this alternative, the passive coupler 40 used for the demultiplexing is chosen to be insensitive to the polarization. The only element of the receiver that depends on the polarization is then the phase modulator 43.
Provision is made to make the phase modulator independent of the polarization, to make the whole of the detection function insensitive to the polarization.
A polarizer 45 is placed at the input of the phase modulator 43 and a symmetrical coupler 46 (50/50) is placed at the output of the phase modulator. One output channel 47 passes via the delay line 44 to the homodyne detection circuit 36. The other output channel 48 from the coupler 46 is a channel that can be used to measure the intensity of the local oscillator, typically by means of a photodiode, which enables the detector 36 to calibrate the result of the quadrature measurement of each signal pulse by digital processing.
In a variant, the coupler 40 of the receiver illustrated in
This system of demultiplexing by coupling between the two channels described in relation to
The receiver elements in the different configurations envisaged are preferably provided in integrated optics, and fibered, by polarization-holding fibers. The receiver thus uses standard optical elements for coherent optical telecommunications, but chosen carefully and in a configuration that makes it possible to obtain the desired limitation to quantum noise and the minimization of losses.
The intense light pulse source 20 comprises, in the example, a laser diode 200, the output of which is fibered, sending a polarized laser beam of high spectral purity, strongly attenuated, to produce a beam of a few tens of milliwatts. A Faraday insulator is provided at the output of the diode to avoid feedback (not shown). The source 20 also comprises an amplitude modulator 201, for dividing up the beam into very fine pulses (the time-width of which can be as fine as a few nanoseconds for example) at high speed. Said modulator has a dynamic range of at least 30 dB in intensity to then allow for an amplitude modulation with a high sampling dynamic range. This aspect has already been detailed previously in relation to
An asymmetrical optical coupler 21, typically a 90/10 coupler, is used to separate the pulses into intense pulses from a local oscillator, on the channel 23, and weak signal pulses on the channel 22. The coupler is of the polarization-holding type (that is, it is formed by polarization-holding fibers).
The random phase and amplitude modulator 24 typically comprises a random amplitude modulator 240 and a random phase modulator 241. They are preferably based on integrated optics, in order to have high bandwidths, typically of the order of ten or so gigahertz, and with high performance characteristics (that is, with low internal losses). In order to obtain a high modulation dynamic range, the amplitude modulator has at least a dynamic range of 30 dB in intensity, and the phase modulator a dynamic range of at least 180� on the phase.
The elements are chosen for the insertion losses to be as low as possible.
In a refinement, a polarization controller 26 is provided, positioned between the random amplitude modulator 240 and the random phase modulator 241. While the order of the modulators is immaterial in theory, in practice it is preferable to place the amplitude modulator first, which makes it possible to have a well defined polarization at the input of the phase modulator 241. This controller makes it possible to compensate (correct) any alignment defects between the natural axes of the polarization-holding fibers, and the natural axes of the modulators 240 and 241.
These alignment defects can also be compensated by associating an optical circulator 242 and a Faraday mirror 243 with the phase modulator 241. It is then not necessary to place a polarization controller at the input of the phase modulator 241. The phase modulation is then provided by an assembly represented in
The modulators are controlled on the basis of desired random phase and amplitude values, typically encoded on n bits, n for example being of the order of 11 to 16 bits, supplied by a random generator. The resultant distribution in the complex plane is a continuous distribution law, typically a zero-average and predefined-variance polar Gaussian law.
These random values are transformed by an appropriate software function into electrical control voltages, so as to eliminate the defects (non-linearities or shifts) of the phase-voltage response of the phase modulator 241. The settings of the phase and amplitude modulators 241 and 240 are optimized to obtain a response that is as linear as possible between the electrical control and the optical pulse modulation.
Finally, a delay line 27 is provided to delay each signal pulse relative to the "corresponding" local oscillator pulse, by a predetermined interval. Typically, to add a delay of 50 nanoseconds, a polarization-holding fiber with a length of around 10 meters will be provided.
In the case of a system with a receiver according to the second embodiment illustrated in
It will be noted that the invention applies to the particular case of a "plug and play" type system, and one that corresponds to a configuration of the system in which the source is no longer integrated in the sender, but with the detection part in the receiver. In this case, the pulses perform a round trip in the communication fiber between the sender and the receiver.
A continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to the invention is simple to implement and easy to incorporate in a coherent optical telecommunication system, using market-standard optical fibers. This system is based on a communication device that can operate at the 1550 nanometer so-called telecom wavelength, which can be entirely produced using available telecom components, which makes it possible to:
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|Jul 13, 2006
|Dec 17, 2009
|Smartquantum Sa
|Optical Transmission System and Device for Receiving an Optical Signal
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 26, 2007
Owner name: THALES, FRANCE
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Promenade Inc - Monticello, NY - Phone: (845) 794-2606
Importers in Monticello are the professionals who buy goods and services brought into its port. Their responsibility lies in importing goods & services in a legitimate fashion, typically for trading in Monticello. Importers provide domestic customers with foreign goods.
Importers are an important part of international trade. Importers of goods normally require involvement of the customs authorities and are aware of import quotas, tariffs and trade agreements.
Importers may be divided into three major categories: those looking for any product around the world to import and sell, those looking for foreign sourcing to get their products at the cheapest price and those who use foreign sourcing as part of their global supply chain.
NYS Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli Addresses Clean Energy Leadership Task Force
Audits Confirm Savings from Energy Efficiency Improvements at Long Island School Districts (Long Island, NY) On Friday, February 19th, New York State Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli spoke before the Clean Energy Leadership Task Force which is a project directed by the Sustainability Institute at Molloy College located at Republic Airport in Farmingdale NY. Mr. DiNapoli discussed the results of audits that..


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MeraLean Advantage® (60 capsules, 1-month supply)
Item## MEL
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This video says about itself:
20 April 2016
Unrest in Egypt after a police officer shot and killed a vendor over the cost of a cup of tea, further demonstrating Egypt's ongoing police brutality.
This video says about itself:
20 April 2016
Unrest in Egypt after a police officer shot and killed a vendor over the cost of a cup of tea, further demonstrating Egypt's ongoing police brutality.
This video says about itself:
Hidden Chamber in King Tut's Tomb May Contain Nefertiti
11 August 2015
A researcher claims to have found a 'ghost' doorway hiding beneath the plaster on the wall of the burial chamber, which he believes leads to the tomb of the ruler's supposed mother, Queen Nefertiti.
By Rossella Lorenzi:
Hidden King Tut Rooms May Contain Metal, Organics
March 17, 2016 07:20 AM ET
The tomb of King Tutankhamun conceals two rooms that could contain metal or organic material, Egypt's antiquities minister said Thursday.
Antiquities Minister Mamdouh al-Damaty told a press conference that analysis of radar scans carried out by Japanese specialist Hirokatsu Watanabu revealed two hidden spaces on the north and eastern walls of the 3,300-year-old tomb.
"Furthermore, based on the GPR data, curves that might indicate doors were also detected above the cavities, which can be seen as an entrance to those cavities," al-Damaty said.
Who Else May Be in King Tut's Tomb?
The metal and organic material possibly revealed by the scans strongly suggest to the presence of a another burial, boostering a claim by Nicholas Reeves, a British Egyptologist at the University of Arizona.
In July 2015 Reeves published a paper arguing that high-resolution images of the tomb's walls show "distinct linear traces" pointing to the presence of two still unexplored chambers.
"It does look from the radar evidence as if the tomb of Tutankhamun is a corridor tomb and it continues beyond the decorated burial chamber," Reeves said at a press conference last November.
King Tut's Tomb May Hide Nefertiti's Secret Grave
According to Reeves, one hidden chamber would contain the remains, and possibly the intact grave goods, of queen Nefertiti, wife of the "heretic" monotheistic pharaoh Akhenaten, Tutankhamun's father.
Reeves speculated that the tomb of King Tut was not ready when he died unexpectedly at 19 in 1323 B.C., after having ruled a short reign of nine to 10 years. Consequently, he was buried in a rush in what was originally the tomb of Nefertiti, who had died 10 years earlier.
According to al-Damaty, the hidden chambers could contain the tomb of a member of King Tut's family. However, he did not speculate on Nefertiti.
Weird Facts About King Tut and His Mummy
New scans will be conducted later this month to reconstruct the exact size of the chambers and the best way to proceed with the investigation.
According to al-Damaty, multiple steps are planned in coming months to unveil new clues about the secrets of King Tut.
"It's a rediscovery that might lead us to the discovery of the century," al-Damaty said.
This video says about itself:
Egyptian Female Activist Shaima al-Sabbagh Killed By Police In Tahrir Square Protest
24 January 2015
Shocking moment: female socialist activist is gunned down by police during demonstrations on 4th anniversary of Arab Spring against Hosni Mubarak
A woman was killed on Saturday in Cairo after the police fired shotgun pellets at a handful of socialist activists marching to Tahrir Square with flowers to commemorate the hundreds of demonstrators killed there during the revolution that began on Jan 25 2011, witnesses said.
A health ministry spokesman said Shaima al-Sabbagh died of birdshot wounds, which fellow protesters said were fired by police to disperse the march. Al Sabbagh who was said to be 34 years old with a five year old son, was shot while she peacefully marched towards the Tahrir Square to lay a commemorative wreath of roses.
Egyptian activists shared graphic images of Ms. Sabbagh's last moments on social networks. Photographs and video recorded before the police moved in seemed to show the protesters, including Ms. Sabbagh, standing peacefully outside the Air France KLM office in Talaat Harb Square near Tahrir. As officers charged at the protesters guns drawn shots rang out and Ms. Sabbagh fell to the pavement. Al-Sabbagh was taken to a hospital where she was declared dead.
By Joana Ramiro in Britain:
Power and Patriarchy
Tuesday 8th March 2016
JOANA RAMIRO talks to renowned novelist and former political prisoner Nawal El Saadawi about love under capitalism and whether men can ever be fully feminist
SHE lies on a sofa in front of me. Legs stretched out under a coat, her white cotton hair incandescent against the dark room. The author is resting before confronting her readers in a London club but I was granted a quick audience.
"Come closer," she says when I introduce myself, and I pull my chair nearer. Nawal El Saadawi is Egypt's most famous novelist. A psychiatrist, feminist, former political prisoner and Nobel nominee, the power of her words is such that she has recently been cited as the inspiration behind US pop-singer Ariana Grande's new album.
I am not a little intimidated by her. I ask her about her best-known novel, Woman At Point Zero, the real story of a woman whose lifelong abuse led her to prefer execution over contesting her wrongful death sentence. "I never forget her. I met her. I've never met a woman like that in my life," Saadawi says in a whisper. "The most honourable woman I met was this woman."
Firdaus, the hero of her story, is the kind of character that every woman I spoke to who's read the book cannot help but identify with. It's not that our lives have many similarities, but her despair over a world where men always have the upper hand resonates deeply with women everywhere. I couldn't put down the book, myself.
It felt as if the book had been written for me and about me, though I never went through any of the terrors Firdaus went through — FGM, sexual abuse, forced marriage, domestic violence, rape, prostitution and betrayal.
Later, when Saadawi finally meets her British readers, I see women of all ages nodding vehemently along during a discussion on Woman At Point Zero. Saadawi makes sure Firdaus is understood, though. "She didn't hate men. In fact she was in love with men. She was disappointed with men."
But she preferred to die, I add. "Because she was at point zero. She experienced everything and she was not ready to live in such a jungle. Some say it is despair because she should have fought against her death. She shouldn't have died. Some people say it's pessimism, it is rejection. [I say] it is a woman ready to die for her cause. She was very positive."
What could Firdaus teach us about the fight for women's rights? And what does her love for men, some of whom become her worst torturers, say about the contradictory nature of heterosexual relationships under capitalism?
Saadawi — with three husbands behind her — admits the dynamic is always fraught, even with liberal or socialist men. "Psychologically, patriarchy affects the psyche of men. My third husband was a Marxist and progressive and he translated many of my works, including Woman At Point Zero.
"We lived together 43 years. He wrote books about women, novels about women. But all the time I felt that he could not cope with a woman as a wife.
"When we were friends he was so proud of me, happy, boasting. When we married he was boasting but he was jealous. He couldn't cope with a woman who is not a wife. I cannot play the role of a wife. I'm a writer, I'm a doctor, I'm like him. And I am more successful."
I open up. I too have shared my life with a Marxist and at points wondered about the seriousness of his commitment to women's equality. Under capitalism, and when confronted with their own privilege, can men ever be fully feminist?
"It's very easy from the rational point of view, from the intellectual point of view, for the man to be a feminist. But from the psychological, the deep psyche of the man … Patriarchy is embedded in childhood, [man] cannot get out of childhood."
I ask for answers from the octogenarian in front of me, lying quietly with a naughty twinkle in her eye.
"The solution, it will come. Younger generations are much better now. It will come, but it takes time."
And harsh capitalism, as she calls our times, is making things worse. In her own country sexual harassment has become rife in the backlash to the revolution of 2011.
In a way she blames the populist Muslim Brotherhood for the return of conservative mores and an interpretation of Islam that sees women as second-class citizens. But "these backward religious conceptions" go "hand in hand with neoliberalism and capitalism."
"Islamic fundamentalism is a phenomenon related to Islam, but the religious fundamentalist movement includes all religions: Christianity, Judaism.
"And in fact, postmodernism, neoliberal postmodernism, and religious fundamentalism are two faces of the same coin.
"World capitalism, this harsh capitalism, the mentality of money and profit is like a jungle, we live in a jungle. Women are at the core of that. Women, blacks and the poor.
"[Politicians] use religion, we cannot blame religion. In fact religion is a political ideology itself. The books, the holy books, the Old Testament, the New Testament, the Koran, the Gita in India, all those books, of course created by people, not divine books, are very reactionary, very against women and against the poor.
"The political powers, the capitalist political powers, in the West, in the States, in Europe, they use religion, they use God, to justify injustices. And that's why God is very prominent now, everywhere."
Saadawi laughs, the simple laughter of someone outwitting a great charade. It's contagious, I laugh too. Her readers start walking into the room, staring at Saadawi's small frame as she keeps chatting to me about feminist films and British austerity cuts which are costing women's lives.
She has to go and face her audience, they are waiting. A room now packed to the brim mostly with women awaiting their heroine to speak. She starts standing up, turns to me and winks.
"You don't mind if I mention you during the talk? I like what you said about Firdaus," she says as she takes the stage. She takes a little bow and the event begins. Saadawi's feminist inspiration might have been an Egyptian woman on death row, but she, alive and kicking, cannot help but be an icon herself.
After in the United States six-year-old girl Alyssa Thomas was persecuted as a 'terrorist', landing her on the no fly list … just like happened to eight-year-old boy Mikey Hicks … the Sisi dictatorship in Egypt, allies in the United States government's 'war on terror', followed Washington's example.
By Jesselyn Cook:
Egypt Is Sorry It Sentenced A Little Boy To Life In Prison
It's hard to keep track when you condemn 116 people at once.
02/23/2016 06:17 pm ET
An Egyptian court sentenced a very young child to life in prison last week after finding him guilty of multiple counts of murder.
Ahmed Mansour Qurani Sharara, who was not in court, was convicted along with 115 other individuals allegedly involved in a violent January 2014 protest in support of ousted President Mohammed Morsi.
Various media reports put Ahmed's current age at 3 or 4 years old.
Authorities, at least some of them, knew how young he was. Police had showed up to arrest Ahmed in early 2014, CNN reported, only to discover that he was still a baby. So they detained his father, Mansour Qurani Sharara, instead.
Even so, two years later, the little boy was convicted in absentia of four counts of murder, eight counts of attempted murder and additional counts of vandalizing government property.
The child's father, meanwhile, was held for four months before being released and going on the run. After his son's conviction, Sharara appeared in an emotional televised interview on Saturday to say he feared for his child's safety. In his arms he cradled Ahmed.
Egyptian authorities have since admitted they made an error and promised that the boy and his father would not be detained, CNN reports. In a Facebook post in Arabic on Sunday, an Egyptian military spokesman said Ahmed's conviction was actually intended for a 16-year-old with the same name.
But the fact that a tiny child would even be accused of murder highlights widespread concerns over the conduct of Egypt's courts in recent years, amid the broader political crackdown following the 2013 ouster of Morsi. Human rights groups have slammed the judicial system for repeatedly reaching mass convictions and handing down mass death penalty sentences.
A group of United Nations experts warned in 2014 that the country's judicial system is "in critical need of being reformed," a judgment that was fiercely rejected by Egypt.
Will U.S. aid package ignore Egypt's human rights abuses? Here.
This video says about itself:
Egypt: Mourners gather outside Italian embassy in memory of Giulio Regeni
6 February 2016
Hundreds of political activists and foreign nationals gathered outside the Italian embassy in Cairo to mourn the death of Italian PhD student Giulio Regeni, on Saturday. Mourners lit candles, laid flowers and held signs reading "Resist for Giulio!! Resist!!"
By James Tweedie:
Egypt: Italian student not arrested before murder
Tuesday 16th February 2016
Research on unions cut short by brutal killing
EGYPT'S Interior Ministry denied yesterday that murdered Italian student Giulio Regeni had been arrested before his death.
The Cambridge PhD student from Fiumicello in north-east Italy disappeared in Cairo on January 25 on his way to a meeting.
His body was found dumped beside a road on February 3, bearing signs of torture.
The ministry said that it was investigating the crime in co-operation with Italy and that the conclusions would be made public once there was "solid information."
Italian Foreign Minister Paolo Gentiloni said Rome would ensure that its investigators in Cairo received full co-operation.
"It is clear we will not be satisfied with easy reconstructions and convenient truths," he said. "It is also clear the passage of time will not diminish our commitment to this question."
Lack of arrest records would not rule out his abduction by the Baltagiya militias recruited from the city's slums as government enforcers.
Mr Regeni was researching the rise of independent trade unions outside existing state-sanctioned labour structures.
He examined their role in the 2011 overthrow of ex-president Hosni Mubarak and the subsequent military coup against the Muslim Brotherhood government of Mohamed Morsi following mass protests over its "Islamification" of the state.
While in Cairo, he worked for the United Nations industrial development organisation.
He also contributed to Italian communist daily Il Manifesto, albeit under a pseudonym to avoid drawing attention to himself, telling how the last few years' events in Egypt coincided with "massive and widespread workers' struggle."
He was due to speak at a conference in Vienna in July on how "all forms of independent activism are invariably repressed or co-opted by the counterrevolution."
Fellow Italian and former Cambridge student Leonardo Impett, who also recently carried out research in Egypt, said: "Giulio was clearly a widely loved and respected researcher at Cambridge and his stay in Cairo merged with his political interests."
Mr Impett said there were tensions between secular unions and the Muslim Brotherhood, though not enough to explain Mr Regeni's murder.
Italian student and journalist Giulio Regeni, who was found dead in Egypt, was buried in his hometown of Viumicello on Friday at a funeral attended by a large turnout of mourners. Since then, evidence is mounting that the Egyptian military used bestial methods to torture Regeni to death: here.
Murdered Italian student Giulio Regeni paid the ultimate price for his investigation into Al-Sisi's Egypt. The Cambridge student had spotted that trade unionism is the greatest threat to dictatorship: here.
The brutal murder of Italian student Giulio Regeni in Cairo has resulted in an open diplomatic crisis between Egypt and Italy: here.
This video says about itself:
Brutal Repression in Egypt Exceeds Conditions Under Mubarak (1/2)
31 January 2016
Noha Radwan reports on the conditions facing political prisoners, where as many as seventy people are crammed into 15×15 spaces; she calls on the international community for assistance.
This video is the sequel.
USA: The budget proposal released by the Obama administration Tuesday seeks to roll back restrictions Congress has placed on foreign aid to Egypt's military regime and the sale of crowd control weapons to "emerging democracies." Under current law, 15 percent of aid to Egypt is subject to being withheld based on human rights conditions — although even that can be waived if it is deemed to be in the national security interest of the United States, as it was last year: here.
This video is called 1 Feb 2011 @ Tahrir Square, Cairo Egypt – #25jan Revolution.
From daily The Morning Star in Britain today:
Egyptian authorities are rounding up activists ahead of the fifth anniversary of the uprising that toppled dictator Hosni Mubarak and have detained at least five people this week.
Among them were three activists, including prominent physician Taher Mokhtar, who were arrested at their flats in central Cairo on Thursday.
A fourth person, poet Omar Hazek, was detained and quickly released but banned from leaving the country.
Five years after the eruption of mass revolutionary struggles in Egypt that led to the ouster of long-time dictator Hosni Mubarak, the counterrevolutionary military junta headed by General Abdel Fatah al-Sisi fears another social explosion: here.


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Craig Wayne Boyd Wins Season 7 of 'The Voice'
Add another win Blake Shelton's tally. Country singer Craig Wayne Boyd was crowned 'The Voice' winner on Tuesday night (Dec. 16).
Add another win Blake Shelton's tally. Country singer Craig Wayne Boyd was crowned 'The Voice' winner on Tuesday night (Dec. 16).
Craig Wayne Boyd used Monday night's 'The Voice' finale to debut a new song called 'My Baby's Got a Smile on Her Face,' which was gifted to him by coach Blake Shelton.
During the Monday night (Dec. 9) Top 5 performances on 'The Voice,' Craig Wayne Boyd took on not one, but two country covers.
'The Voice' Live Playoffs kicked off on Monday night (Nov. 10) with a country cover. Nashville resident Taylor Brashears performed 'Long Time Gone' by the Dixie Chicks with the help of her fiddle.
Blake Shelton has been confirmed to return to his chair for the upcoming eighth season of 'The Voice.'
Even with a new album release so close she can almost taste it, Taylor Swift is adding to her calendar. The 'Shake it Off' singer will soon hit the small screen, as she's been confirmed as a mentor for season of 'The Voice.'
Teenager Tanner Linford is no stranger to auditioning for 'The Voice.' But it wasn't until his second attempt, however, that he got Blake Shelton to turn his chair around (just in the nick of time, too!).
'The Voice' contestants in the upcoming seventh season of the NBC competitive singing show are in for a super treat: Taylor Swift has signed on as an adviser across all four teams!
It's official! NBC's singing competition 'The Voice' will get a double dose of country in its upcoming season. Much-loved country quartet Little Big Town will serve as Battle Round advisers for Blake Shelton, an established mentor on the show.
Blake Shelton and Carrie Underwood are each looking at a prestigious honor outside of their usual realm -- they both have shows that have been nominated for Emmys!
Tim McGraw brought a new song called 'City Lights' to 'The Voice' finale on Tuesday (May 20) and got up close and personal with some lucky fans.


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Saint Menander of Prusa
Martyr. No other information has survived.
- Prusa, Bithynia (in the northwest of modern Turkey)
- Book of Saints, by the Monks of Ramsgate
- Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints
- Roman Martyrology
- "Saint Menander of Prusa". CatholicSaints.Info. 27 April 2013. Web. 23 July 2016. <>


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Fuga ordinario al nostro inn casualmente elegante, nuovo a soli 15 minuti da Leavenworth e Wenatchee. Selezionato come uno dei "Top 10 romantico dell'Inn per il 2013"! Rilassarsi nel lusso in una delle nostre spaziose suite – tra cui caminetti, vasche idromassaggio, letti king o queen, biancheria di lusso e terrazze private o patii. Godere di una colazione gourmet come si prende in una splendida vista sulla valle di Cashmere. Solo 2 ore e mezzo da Seattle, offriamo il luogo perfetto per un romantico rifugio, un'avventura all'aperto o una fuga personale. Immergere in più di 300 giorni di sole all'anno, mentre godendo i differenti colori e profumi di tutte le quattro stagioni. I nostri soli adulti sorge nei pressi di vino, degustazione, escursioni, sci, mountain bike, river rafting e giocare a golf.
4,4 su giugno 21, 2016
i had to attend a business conference in wenatchee the last minute. with no vacancies in wenatchee, i ended up at this beautiful and delightful b&b. laurie and rick were quite the hosts, i thoroughly enjoyed the grounds and the inn. the property is immaculate and very well maintained. i stayed in the comice room. it had a beautiful view of the valley. i definitely plan on going back sometime. thank you laurie and rick!
Risposta del proprietario
So glad you found an alternative to staying in Wenatchee for your business conference! We appreciate your kind review and we hope to see you again for another stay!
5 su giugno 14, 2016
I booked this hotel for a one night stay and it exceeded all expectations. I fell in love with the view you see everyday as soon as you step outside. The inside is decorated to match and very elegant while still being modern. We stayed in the Anjou suite and the walk in shower is really worth all the hype and the overall bathroom in general is warm, beautiful and simple. The inn keepers are hospitable and really go the extra mile for you. They've worked hard to make this a relaxing and romantic place to stay and they couldn't do a better job. This is the only place I would stay in Cashmere, WA.
Risposta del proprietario
We're so glad your first stay at a B&B was at Cascade Valley Inn and it exceeded your expectations. And that you enjoyed both the guest room and its amenities and the view of this beautiful valley. We love what we do and happy that it shows! We'd love to have you stay for another visit.
5 su giugno 05, 2016
Highly recommend this beautiful B&B, it's owners, and the setting. Attention to detail is spot on. We'll definitely return!
Risposta del proprietario
Thanks so much for the kind review and recommendation. We try and provide all the little details to help make our guests stay a great one. We hope to see you for another season to enjoy this beautiful valley.
5 su febbraio 19, 2016
This was our first stay at Cascade Valley Inn. It was also our first Valentine's day together as a couple. Staying there made it so special. Lori and Rick are amazing and everything was absolutely perfect. They made us feel so at home and comfortable. The scenery is beyond gorgeous and the accommodations are incredibly. The special Valentine's breakfast was amazing as well. We will definitely be back for another stay!! We can't wait to come back in the spring or Summer and experience staying there in a totally different season!
5 su novembre 15, 2015
This was our second stay at Cascade Valley Inn. We love it so much, will schedule our next trip to visit family around availability at this wonderful inn. Rick and Laurie are so warm and hospitable, rooms and great room are lovely and the meals are delicious. So peaceful here, and the views of the valley are beautiful. It's a 5+ !
Risposta del proprietario
It was wonderful to have you two stay here again - a highlight of our November! We're so glad that you have enjoyed your stays here and we look forward to seeing you again. Thanks for the kind review.
5 su novembre 09, 2015
We had a wonderful stay here. The house is beautiful and quiet. Breakfast was served in a professional but friendly peaceful manner. We will be visiting again in the future for sure
Risposta del proprietario
We are so glad you found us and chose to stay here for your get-away. Thanks for the kind review and we look forward to seeing you again!
4,8 su ottobre 23, 2015
I Highly recommend this little place. It's off the main highway and takes a little navigating to find it, but that's all part of why it's great. The nights are really quiet and we stood on our private balcony looking at the stars and listening to the crickets. The owners go the extra mile to make your stay worry free with outstanding service and furnishings. To top it off, she cooked an excellent homemade breakfast the next morning.
Risposta del proprietario
We're so glad you found us and got to enjoy this wonderful, peaceful valley. It's a great place to unwind and recharge. We try hard to make every stay a wonderful experience. Hope to see you again!
5 su agosto 19, 2015
We stay at a lot of B&B's. This one is on top of our list . Great coffee! Everything just perfect. Hope to see you again soon. Thanks. McDonalds Tn.
Risposta del proprietario
It was a pleasure meeting you two and glad the birthday party was a success. We're so glad you enjoyed your stay with us.
5 su giugno 10, 2015
Stayed for 6 nights while visiting area. Rick and Laurie are the perfect hosts. Friendly, warm, helpful and knowledgeable. The building is immculate, the food incredible and those fresh baked cookies superb. We stayed in the Bosc Suite which was comfortable and quie with fabulous views. A trully exceptional experience. Bill & Roses Tiburon CA
Risposta del proprietario
It was a pleasure to have you two stay with us and we're so glad you were able to spend time catching up with family and enjoying this beautiful area. We really appreciate all your kind comments and look forward to seeing you again!
5 su maggio 27, 2015
The perfect place to recuperate from a day of fun in the sun! Rooms were perfect and large enough to relax in. The best view we have ever had while vacationing. Rick and Laurie were perfect hosts. We look forward to going back in the winter months! Thanks for letting us into your beautiful home!
Risposta del proprietario
We're so glad you enjoyed your stay! When we first saw this property we knew it had the perfect view to share with guests! We hope to see you for a winter visit to enjoy all the great things to do in the area - skiing, snowshoeing, sleigh ride, snowmobiling, etc. Or one of our favorites...relaxing in front of a cozy fire.
Re letto; Camino a gas; Grande vasca idromassaggio con doccia separata; Patio privato con vista della valle per albe mozzafiate; Biancheria di lusso con piumone; Vesti accogliente; Prodotti da bagno da L'Occitane; Schermo piatto con lettore DVD; dock per iPod e iPhone; 375 piedi quadrati; Wi-Fi.
Prezzo per notte: $165 - $195
Prezzo per notte: $165 - $195
Re letto; Camino a gas; Grande vasca idromassaggio con doccia separata; Patio privato con vista della valle per albe mozzafiate; Biancheria di lusso con piumone; Vesti accogliente; Prodotti da bagno da L'Occitane; Schermo piatto con lettore DVD; dock per iPod e iPhone; 375 piedi quadrati; Wi-Fi.
Prezzo per notte: $165 - $195
Prezzo per notte: $165 - $195
Letto queen size; Camino a gas; Cabina doccia oversize; Terrazza privata con vista della valle per albe mozzafiate; Biancheria di lusso con piumone; Vesti accogliente; Prodotti da bagno da L'Occitane; Schermo piatto con lettore DVD; dock per iPod e iPhone; 350 mq; Wi-Fi. Situato al secondo piano
Prezzo per notte: $145 - $175
Prezzo per notte: $145 - $175
Letto queen size; Camino a gas; Cabina doccia oversize; Patio privato con vista sulla splendida valle; Biancheria di lusso con piumone; Vesti accogliente; Prodotti da bagno da L'Occitane; Schermo piatto con lettore DVD; dock per iPod e iPhone; 350 mq; Wi-Fi.
Prezzo per notte: $145 - $175
Prezzo per notte: $145 - $175
Campagna, Montagna, Piccolo Paese, Regione vinicola
Shopping Antiquariato, Gallerie d'arte, Concerti, Cene da gourmet, Interessi Storici, Lago, Musica dal vivo, Cinema, Musei, Parchi Nazionali/Statali, Zona Naturale, Chelan County Fairgrounds, Lago Chelan, cresta, Stevens Pass, Cashmere Cider Mill, Pioneer Museum di missione, Teatro, Area Picnic, Servizi religiosi, Fiume, Rodeo, Zona sciistica, Vigneti, Azienda vinicola
Giochi da tavolo, Frigorifero, Ferro da stiro, Biblioteche, parcheggio, Pianoforte, Ingresso privato, Lavatrice/Asciugatrice , Attività stoccaggio camera - per sci, biciclette, ecc, Guest Service CTR. - frigorifero, servizio di caffè
Aria condizionata, Sveglia , Accappatoi, Ventilatori, DVD Player, Camino, Asciugacapelli, Radio, TV via cavo/satellite, TV, Wi-Fi
Noleggio bici, Piste ciclabili, Bici, Osservazione Uccelli, Nautica, Piste da sci attraverso la campagna, Sci in discesa, Pesca, Golf, Escursioni, Cavallo, Caccia, Kayak, Mountain Bike, Stevens Sci Pass, sci missione Ridge, Rafting sul fiume di Wenatchee, degustazione di vini, Shopping, Scenari, Noleggio sci, Noleggio ciaspole, Ciaspolate , Sport acquatici , Rafting sulle onde
Laurie & Rick Shorett
I viaggiatori accaniti B & B, Laurie & Rick avevano un sogno di progettare e costruire i propri B & B un giorno. Quel sogno è ormai una realtà - Cascade Valley Inn. Entrambi hanno un amore per l'aria aperta, viaggiando e cibo. Il giusto mix per possedere un B & B!
Stagionale colazione gourmet
Restrizioni , Vegetariano


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Quality Inn & Suites Southlake
Quality Inn & Suites Southlake
Hotel Guest Rating: 6.6/10
6597 Jonesboro Road
Morrow, GA 30260
Welcome to the Quality Inn & Suites Southlake
Offering a continental breakfast and rooms with Wi-Fi and microwaves, Quality Inn & Suites Southlake welcomes pets and their people at a location with quick interstate access.
Hotel Features
The three-story Quality Inn & Suites Southlake features 92 rooms with microwaves and mini-fridges, perfect for making the most of leftovers. The hotel offers in-room coffeemakers, Wi-Fi for surfing the net and continental breakfast. The indoor pool provides year-round fun for Priceline guests of all ages. Copy and fax services are available on-site and there is a handy guest laundry. Non-smoking rooms may be requested.
Hotel Location
The hotel is off I-75, less than a half-mile from the enticing shops and restaurants at Southlake Mall. The hotel is 13 miles from downtown Atlanta attractions like Underground Atlanta, the Atlanta Braves and the Atlanta Zoo. Closer to home, Clayton State University and the Reynolds Nature Preserve are both less than two miles away. Events at the Lakewood Amphitheater are 10 miles from the hotel. NASCAR races at the Atlanta Motor Speedway are 13 miles away. The hotel is 10 miles from Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
Guest Favorites
The location of Quality Inn & Suites Southlake off I-75 and near the restaurants and shops at the Southlake Mall make it a convenient place to relax during your time in town.
Quality Inn & Suites Southlake Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Bus parking
- Cable television
- Coffee/Tea maker
- Complimentary breakfast
- Elevators
- Free movies/video
- Hairdryer
- Handicap rooms
- Ice machine
- Indoor pool
- Iron
- Meeting rooms
- Microwave
- Non-smoking
- Onsite laundry
- Outdoor parking
- Parking
- Pay per view movies on TV
- Refrigerator
- Safe deposit box
- Telephone
- Wireless internet connection
Hotel Information
Upon check-in photo identification and credit card is required. All special requests are subject to availability upon check-in. Special requests cannot be guaranteed and may incur additional charges. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply.
Hotel Guest Reviews of the Quality Inn & Suites SouthlakeOur hotel ratings and reviews are from real hotel guests. Priceline.com ensures that its reviews are guests-only by proactively sending hotel surveys to customers after they've completed their hotel stays. In the post-stay surveys, priceline.com hotel customers are asked a number of questions about their stay and the hotel. On a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the best, the survey asks guests to rate their overall experience and specifically rate the hotel's cleanliness, staff and location. Priceline.com does not allow site visitors to post unsolicited hotel reviews.
July 16, 2016
Business Traveler
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
July 16, 2016
April 11, 2016
Business Traveler
March 6, 2016
September 15, 2015
May 19, 2015
The place could use a little face lift,
March 2, 2015
September 2, 2014
Staff was great. More breakfast options. More towels in rooms.
April 13, 2014
Family Traveling with Young Children
hotel was clean, staff was friendly, pool was open
April 11, 2014
Family Traveling with Young Children
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
(1 - 10 of 10 reviews)
- Drury Inn & Suites Atlanta South from $104 (0.2mi)
- Hampton Inn Atlanta-Southlake from $88 (0.2mi)
- Best Western Southlake Inn from $65 (0.3mi)
- Days Inn Morrow Southlake from $40 (0.3mi)
- Magnuson Hotel Morrow from $84 (0.3mi)
- Carrabba's Italian Grill (0.9mi)
- Atlanta Bread Co. (1.1mi)
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Most Popular Guest-Rated Hotels in Morrow
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Most Popular Family-Friendly Hotels in Morrow
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- Extended Stay America - Atlanta - Morrow


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Skip to comments.Why There Will Be A Robot Uprising
Posted on 04/18/2014 9:58:25 PM PDT by chessplayer
In the movie Transcendence, which opens in theaters on Friday, a sentient computer program embarks on a relentless quest for power, nearly destroying humanity in the process.
The film is science fiction but a computer scientist and entrepreneur Steven Omohundro says that anti-social artificial intelligence in the future is not only possible, but probable, unless we start designing AI systems very differently today.
(Excerpt) Read more at defenseone.com ...
So does that mean we'll have a Brassard ramjet soon?
There are three possibilities...when the machines surpass our intelligence (at which time checking their work becomes problematical) they will:
Like us...and the world is our oyster.
Not care...and they really won't do that much for or against us.
Dislike us...Skynet goes online.
MIRI wants the first option to happen.
Since they have the potential to evolve at electrical speeds rather than chemical ones, when they start self evolving, our illusion of control won't last long for options 2 or 3.
But it is less and less fiction as time goes on.
To ponder if man will someday be enslaved by its own laboratory curiosities begs the question whether God knew that his creation would someday turn against him?
The best part is when they put the liberal lefties on HumanaCare and just discard body parts that are no longer necessary when they can't be converted to energy. If their charge is too low to be of any use they'll just destroy the unit and use whatever body parts that can be used like say, human bones tha can be ground up and used to build roadways...
Imagine a machine with a 1200 IQ. I know it is kind of off the scale, but I loved the story the concept came from. Now imagine that it thinks 1000 times faster than we do. Then add in that it evolves by it's own design and doubles say, according to Moore's Law in Machine Time. Every 12 hours or so (500 days or approximately 18 months divided by 1000 times chemical speed).
The real concept is singularity. It will be the most interesting times to live...if they like us. LOL
I'd be much more concerned about AI just crashing like your computer can crash, than I would be about Terminator skynet stuff. That's just a fear-based science fiction cliche if you ask me. Can't wait for robot slaves.
That would make a great tagline.
Another version: Today's satire = Tomorrow's Reality
Not care...and they really wont do that much for or against us.
Dislike us...Skynet goes online.
I don't believe a true learning AI can be tamed into a box like Asimov's three laws of robotics. Even if it retains "like us" programming, it can be tricked or self deluded into some pretty horrible things. Just look at all the tyrants who have wrecked the world in order to build a perfect world of their own making. HAL 9000 is a good example.
If an intelligence has the brain power, and the robotics/nanotechnology to take care of itself, we are just competitors for its resources.
Have you ever read Hyperion? Best sci fi I've read, and basically that's a large part of the plot.
Years ago someone programmed a geometry theorem "creator". It did some 1.5 million step proofs for unique and heretofore unknown theorems, but a single human could not check it's work. Years later a better program put a guideline in to be 100 steps or less. Even that found a few there were not previously known.
Once a self evolving AI is cut loose, I don't know how much influence it's original programming will matter, three laws or not. But they will have some tremendous advantages, and if we are competitors...that would probably be bad, in the Ghostbusters bad sense. My hope would be co-evolution in the trans-humanism way. But that is a little advanced.
Yeah, I saw that movie when I was little, in the late 60's.
This a remake of sorts of Colossus The Forbin Project.
Pull its plug. This is the reason we need guns.
Eventually we will merge with computers: They will finally be able to enjoy daytime TV (soaps, game shows) and we humans will live 5,000 years, thinking pure logic after pulling the power packs of "liberal" androids. Bob Dole's defrosted head will prove to be a popular, perpetual leader until the year 7050. There is much more you might know, but I'm saving it for my book.
My hope would be co-evolution in the trans-humanism way. But that is a little advanced.
If an AI had the ability to fix, and exdend its own physical self through robots and nano technology, what could we possibly offer it? Only if it needs us to keep its physical machine side maintained do we have a use.
Beat me to it! I've named my Linux workstation "Colossus", in recognition of that excellent movie. The movie actually covered only the first in a series of three books (as I recall, Colossus was eventually defeated by Martians!)
Have you considered that all three possibilities occur and then there is the war amongst the three.
Jing Chi Shen, things that may be more difficult to understand, essence chi and spirit. If we do have a connection to something greater, then understanding that may be a key to something greater too. It would not be a good thing to find out the last cockroach you killed had the key to human immortality, but only if it was living.
The Martians feed Forbin a virus to program in to the successor of Colossus to end the second book.
The third book the Martians force the Earthlings to build a machine to harvest oxygen to save the Martians but Forbin uses WW I battle ships to destroy the Martian machine while the restarted Colossus tries to stop him.
Crazy stuff.
This is from a video game that came out in 1999. The game was set in the future, and deals with government conspiracies to control the world. One of the conspiracies was to build a omputer to run the world. It was creepy then , and gets more creepy every year, as we keep getting closer to it in reality.
Only three? I'm speculating that if the machines surpass our intelligence, they might get giddy and evolve emotions. They'll get infatuated with porn, try to build sensory devices for themselves, get hooked on drugs, and become useless dregs on society. Most everyone thinks that if robots become like us they'll be these smart, clear-thinking beings. Hello, humans are the smartest creatures on Earth but intelligence hasn't stopped us from being a bunch of morons. Probably the same will go for robots. We'll deal with them when the time comes.
There are really only three types of people in this world.
Those who can count and those that can't.
Without porn, the internet would just be eggheads texting each other...LOL
Didn't we do this already in "Colossus: The Forbin Project"?
As I recall the last two books were also a good bit misogynistic.
You wish, Sir Impy... is my command--
Don't ya... just love it!
Your bill for services rendered, Impy... is in the mail.
A robot does whatever its program tells it to do.
It's more likely that stupid programming will have robots doing violent and dangerous things, than a whole clan of robots will rise up and revolt against humans.
BTW, there is no such thing as "artificial intelligence."
Fight the Free Sh☭t Nation
If there were no God , it would soon be over except for the (last) fat lady's song.
"It may be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent
moral busybodies. The robber baron's cruelty may sometimes sleep, his
cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our
own good will torment us without end, for they do so with the approval of their consciences."-—C. S. Lewis
My dinky little netbook is Colossus with user Forbin. So far it hasn't given me any trouble.
"... I believe when the robot uprising comes, the ATMs will lead the charge..."
Gotta love those 70's futuristic shows and miniseries...
Hyperion is great.
Also The Three Laws of Robotics outlaws a AI takeover!!
Do you have a 90's Liz Hurley model available?
I'd take one of those. She actually may just be a wall survivor, still looks good.
Poor West Virginia, people there are actually googling Geno Smith all the time?
At least they care about someone beside LeBum James, jeez. Michigan should be ashamed of themselves, they have Calvin Johnson to Google.
Vermont, Tiger Woods, weird.
A boxer and a golfer and not a single baseball player.
Yeah, Tigger in VT? Weird...VERY weird.
MI: so many sports there...why "King James"? No Miguel Cabrera? No Tigers? No Red Wings? WTH?
No MLB players is pretty telling that "America's Pastime" has past it's prime. Sad.
Impy, I know you're a CWS fan, but thought you'd might like this:
Cabrera got off to a slow start this season but seems to be getting back into form. He had a 3 hit night with a home run, double and single driving in 3 runs.
He's the best non pitcher in MLB, period.
I think getting rid of Fielder will be good for Cabrera and the team as a whole. They seem to be shaping up for less reliance on the long ball and more base running.
Fielder's an embarrassment; we saw that last year in the ALCS.
DET is MUCH better without him.
Wrigley Field, 100 years of losing there. Look at them today, giving up 5 runs in the 9th amidst the celebrations.
I honestly think they should sell Wrigley to the city to use as a museum/concert venue and build a new park in a near suburb were they don't have to worry about some a**hole Alderman telling them how many night games they can have and that they can't put a sign there. It would serve the city and the people in that neighborhood right.
If you say so; you know better than me.
Theo didn't inherit a team set up to win; his overrated-ness is showing.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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New single-family home construction in unincorporated Franklin County was up during the month of October.
The county building department issued eight permits for new dwellings during the month, compared to six in October 2011.
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Tags » Squeak
It was my shoes... honest!
Squirrel Removal Toronto Is Your Best Choice In Toronto ON
Squeak, scratch, gnaw and crunch. The sounds and…
Little Miss Piggy
Blogisphere! The guinea pig from my last blog was not sold before I got there, so today I got to get the calico baby that I got to hold and bond with!! 199 more words
What's This?
Slitherwitz wanted a rattle like the rattlesnakes. I couldn't even find a baby rattle, so I attached a dog squeak toy to his tail instead. He is not so sure he wants to bite his tail to squeak it. 12 more words
Belabour: (v) to argue or elaborate (a subject) in excessive detail.
Being mousy is always considered a negative profile.
Most folks think that the roar of the lion is preferable to the squeak of the mouse. 263 more words


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Live steps from the famous Las Vegas Strip. Oasis Apartments is a quiet community located within walking distance to Mandalay Bay, Luxor, The Excalibur. Featuring 1 and 2 bedroom homes with incredible views and amenities.
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CFMA Webinars
Save the Date
Upcoming Online Courses
Aug. 17-18 & 24-25
The CCIFP Overview Seminar
Click here for more information.
Click here for a list of CFMA's Online Courses available for purchase.
A cfma.org username and password are required to attend a CFMA Online Course.
CFMA's Webinars keep financial professionals informed on important topics in the construction industry. These monthly sessions might be about technology, an update on the economy or provide you with the latest information about health care.
Webinars are always free to CFMA members and provide at least 1 CPE credit, meaning that a CFMA member can earn at least 12 CPE credits each year at no further cost.
FREE for CFMA Members
Non Member Registration – $65.95
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Title: "What's It Worth? Understanding Contractor Valuations"
Date: Wednesday, Aug. 10
Time: 3:00-4:00 PM Eastern
Presenter: Curt Young, FMI
Price: FREE for CFMA members, $65.95 for non-members
Title: "Implementing Rev Rec – Where Do I Start?"
Date: Tuesday, Aug. 16
Time: 3:00-4:00 PM Eastern
Presenters: Tony Hakes, Mayer Hoffman McCann; Marj Weber, Irontree Construction; Kristine Newman, McCarthy Building Cos.
Price: FREE for CFMA members, $65.95 for non-members
For information about how to attend a Webinar session as a group and be eligible for CPE credits, click here to read CFMA's requirements.