text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 8, 1979
|Filing date
|Feb 15, 1977
|Priority date
|Feb 20, 1976
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Frank A. Witt
|Original Assignee
|Witt Frank A
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (46), Classifications (19), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of a prior United States application, Ser. No. 659,906, filed Feb. 20, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,021,935 and entitled FLIGHT TRAINING HOOD.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to instrument flight method and apparatus for preventing an aircraft pilot from viewing outside his aircraft during instrument control flight instruction, and more particularly, to a pair of flight glasses which facilitates simulation of inflight vertigo.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the area of inflight training, a student pilot must be trained to fly blind in bad weather. Pilots are required to have a minimum number of hours of flight instruction under simulated blind flying conditions before receiving a private or commercial license, or an instrument rating or military rating to fly aircraft. Such training is a necessity to pilots who plan to, or suddenly or inadvertently, fly into bad weather conditions.
Flight training hoods, goggles, glasses, and the like, have been designed to limit the wearer's field of view to only the instrument panel and immediate cockpit area. Such view limiting devices generally include elongated structures surrounding the pilot's line of vision for constriction thereof, blocking side and upper peripheral sight.
Some prior art flight hoods do not totally enclose or mask the wearer's line of vision in order to provide a safety factor which insures that the pilot can direct his vision outside the craft in the case of an emergency. However, to accomplish this factor, the hood's elongated structure extending in front of the operator's face becomes awkward and clumsy during flight and may cause eye straining or neck fatigue to support such apparatus. Also, the instructor must depend upon the wearer's trustworthiness during a testing and learning situation to purposefully keep his head substantially level so that the outside references are not in view.
Also, where the pilot inadvertently views outside of the aircraft, he would transition to VFR (visual flight rules) and must immediately transition back to IFR (instrument flight rules) as he looks back into the aircraft. This causes a disorientation to the pilot, promoting a time delay factor due to transition reorientation time. This psychological-type problem occurs with inadvertent viewing using the above-mentioned prior art devices.
Lens fogging-type devices have been considered in the flight hood art, but for the purpose of providing a visual contrast of a CRT display projected on the inside of a pilot's helmet, as described in an article of Rockwell International Corporation entitled "Variable-Transmittance Visor for Helmet-Mounted Display" by Dr. J. P. Dobbins. However, bi-state, lens fogging devices having a completely occluded vision state have not been considered nor utilized in the flight hood art because of a lack of mode of operation therein and because of the previously mentioned safety factor. Although such lens devices have been utilized in helmet-type gear, see for example U.S. Pat. No. 3,873,804 issued to M. Gordan on Mar. 25, 1974 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,409,909 issued to D. D. Scott et al on Nov. 12, 1968, the functioning of such devices are not compliant to the flight training hood art. Such devices are responsive to a bright flash of light that occurs during wearer viewing. However, in the flight training environment all stimuli including the ambient light in the cockpit are constant, having no apparent abrupt stimulus occurring at the time the desired fogging should take place.
Therefore, it would be highly desirable to provide flight training glasses having the ease and convenience of an unawkward structure including the quickness of an automatic lens system in which the lens would instantaneously operate in relation to the wearer's positioning of his line of vision.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method for flight training in which the pilot is permitted to view the instrument control panel of his aircraft during flight and prevented from viewing outside of the craft as the pilot changes his vision away from the control panel.
It is a further object of this invention to provide flight training glasses having a bistable lens system operable to a state of transparency as the pilot views the instrument control panel of his aircraft and instantaneously operable to a state of vision occlusion responsive to the pilot switching his vision to outside of the aircraft.
It is further an object of this invention to provide maintenance of lens transparency in the case of emergency or necessary viewing for overriding the lens control system.
It is a further object of this invention to provide flight glasses in conformance to a planar lens configuration for instantaneously occluding the wearer's line of sight when the same is directed outside of the aircraft.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide flight training glasses operable to simulate an inflight vertigo condition by operation of the wearer.
The objectives of this invention are accomplished by using a pair of glasses having a bistable voltage controlled lens system disposed transverse to the line of wearer's vision being operable to a first state of transparency and a second state of opacity. The relative position of the lens system with respect to the windshield is monitored for switching states of the lens system to transparency when wearer is viewing the instrument control panel of his aircraft, and to instant opacity when the wearer is viewing outside of the aircraft. The glasses include a switching control for maintenance of the glasses in a state of transparency providing a safety factor and further for providing vertigo simulation upon landing approach by the wearer changing his line of sight outside of the aircraft to occlude his viewing, and thereafter manually switching the lens to its transparent state.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment taken in conjunction with the appended claims, and accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a pilot utilizing the flight training glasses of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of the flight training glasses of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the flight glasses of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a circuitry diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the lens position indicating sensor of the flight glasses of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an illustration of the positional locations of the positioning sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 7-10 are diagrammatic side views of other embodiments of the lens position sensor of the flight glasses of the present invention.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the preferred flight glasses embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of flight glasses 11 formed in the shape of a pair of regular eyeglasses. As shown in FIG. 3, the glasses 11 have a frontal piece 13 for housing a lens system comprising a pair of lenses 15 each formed from a liquid crystal and positioned for proper viewing therethrough by the wearer. The top portion 17 of each lens 15 is blackened by paint or by a voltage level, or otherwise for forming a horizontal boundary line 19 defining the top of the viewing area through the lenses 15. The portions 17 check the wearer's upper peripheral vision to a predetermined line of sight defined by the line 19, preventing the wearer from viewing higher without a corresponding upward movement of the wearer's head. The blackened portions 17 operate to discontinue upward eyeball rotation at a certain eyeball position and to engage movement of the operator's neck for further continuous upward eye searching.
The vision checking portions 17 may be integrally formed as a part of the frontal piece 13 and the lenses 15 formed only in the shape of the viewing area, rather than a blackening out of a portion of a larger lens. Other vision checking devices also may be utilized as will suggest themselves to persons skilled in the art, for performing the function of head rotation engagement for checking the wearer's upper peripheral vision without a corresponding head rotation.
As shown in FIG. 2, side supporting arms 21 are hinged or otherwise secured to the frontal piece 13 and shaped to extend back along the sides of the wearer's head and over the top of wearer's ears for holding the glasses into position during wearing. The glasses are to be held snugly against the wearer's nose in order to prevent the wearer from viewing out over the top of the glasses, and may be further molded to fit snugly if so desired.
Side blinders 23 depend from the support arm 21 along the outside of the wearer's eyes and are positioned for blocking the wearer's side peripheral vision. Each side blinder 23 may be formed from a liquid crystal to provide side vision occlusion and may be permitted to clear at other times when so desired.
The particular head gear configuration may take on other forms as may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, in which a viewing lens is positioned transverse to the wearer's line of sight permitting a visual communication through the viewing lens. However, it should be appreciated that this particular embodiment of the invention provides original features and is particularly useful in the disclosed structure of a pair of lightweight eyeglasses.
A position sensor 25 (FIG. 3) operates for indicating the relative position of the flight glasses 11 with respect to the possible upper lines of sight of the wearer defined by the horizontal line 19. The position sensor 25 signals a switching system of FIG. 4 to actuate the lenses to their opaque state when the flight glasses are in a position to permit the operator to view outside the aircraft along his upper line of sight defined by the horizontal line 19.
A first embodiment of the position sensor 25 is shown enlarged in the view of FIG. 5 and includes an ambient light transducing system 27 and a directional light transducing system 29.
The light transducing system 27 includes a photocell 31 for monitoring the ambient light in the aircraft. As shown in FIG. 1, the ambient light intensity within the craft is substantially the light intensity coming from outside the aircraft into the cockpit as viewed by the pilot. This ambient light intensity will change according to cloud structures, the weather, the time of day, and the like.
The embodiment of the position sensor 25 of FIG. 5 is shown incorporated in the flight glasses of FIG. 3. The ambient light transducing system 27 is positioned between the two eye lenses on the face of the frontal piece 13 and stationed above the directional light transducing system 29. However, the ambient transducer 27 may be positioned at a different location on the glasses, or further, need not be positioned on the glasses at all, so long as the ambient light transducer 27 is in a position to sense the ambient light in the craft and transduce the sensed ambient light to a voltage level for use by the electrical circuitry of FIG. 4 as described hereinafter.
The directional light transducing system 29 is provided for sampling a separate area of space to monitor directional light coming therefrom. The system 29 is operatively located with respect to the horizontal line 19 for receiving directional light coming from an area of space lying just above the wearer's upper line of sight, or at an angle thereto where intersection takes place at or above the operator's vision extending just over the instrument panel 35, or if desired, substantially along the wearer's upper line of sight as determined by the horizontal line 19.
Thus, the directional light transducing system 29 monitors light coming from a selected direction, that selected direction being associated with a peripheral line of sight for indicating direction of the extent of possible peripheral viewing without a corresponding head movement for greater peripheral viewing. In the instant disclosure, concern is directed to upper peripheral viewing; however, a directional light transducer may be placed for side peripheral view for indicating the direction of greatest side viewing by the operator without a corresponding side-turning of the wearer's head. And similarly, a lower peripheral view indicating system may also be established.
Thus, the checking portions 17 may be said to constrict the concerned peripheral-view-direction (in this case upper) to an easily determined line of sight (established by line 19) so as to properly locate the directional light monitoring of the transducer 29, and secondly, to constrict the peripheral viewing along this peripheral-view-direction to an extent such that the wearer can comfortably direct his vision to the instrument panel of his craft while having his upper peripheral vision checked to a point to prevent him from viewing out over the control panel without a corresponding upward movement of his head.
Referring to FIG. 5, the directional light transducer 29 operates to monitor intensities of light received from a selected direction (e.g. light direction 37) and will not monitor light coming from other directions (e.g. light direction 39). As disclosed in the prior parent application and incorporated herein by reference, a uniform passageway may be utilized to channel light to a photo transducer for restricting the reception of light by the photo transducer to a selected light direction, thus forming a directional light receiving transducer system.
However, the present embodiment utilizes a light control film 41, a product sold by the 3M Company and associated with 3M's Visual Products Division. The film 41 contains a plurality of microlouvers 42 positioned to work like a tiny venetian blind to control the viewing angle through the film. The film functions to channel light therethrough with respect to light directed within a certain angular range, generally referred to by the numeral 43. The angular range 43 is variable and the microlouvers may be otherwise constructed within the film to give a prescribed channeling of light as desired. The louvers may also be set at different angles with respect to the face of the film to rotate the position of the angular range 43 to vary the directions of light received within the angular range.
With respect to the preferred embodiment, the angular relationship of the louvers with respect to the face of the film are chosen such that the largest magnitude of directional light permitted to pass through the film is substantially 90 degrees, indicated by the reception line 45. The angular range 43 of permissible directions of receivable light is preferably kept small, here 18 degrees.
A second light control film 40, similar in construction to that of light control film 41, may be positioned in front of the control film 41 for further channeling of the entering light rays. The film 40 has its microlouvers 42 set orthogonal to the face of the film, and the film 40 is positioned in the sensor 29 such that the louvers run vertically with respect to the face of the film 41 to prevent side directed light from entering the film 41. Thus, the film 40 acts to constrict the directional light reception by the sensor 29 to light coming from the area directly in front of the wearer.
The films 40, 41 are positioned within the glasses 11 such that a directional line 47 orthogonal to one of the highest light passing points of the layer 41, lies in a cooperative relation with the wearer's upper line of sight as determined by the horizontal line 19 of the checking portions 17, so that as the operator rotates his head upwards the film 43 passes directional light related to the operator's upper line of sight for indicating whether the eyeglasses 11 are in a relative position to permit the wearer to view outside the craft along his upper line of sight.
FIG. 6 illustrates the placement of the directional transducer 29. The glasses 11 are shown in a position to permit the operator to view outside the aircraft along his highest upper line of sight 61 defined by the checking portions 17. It is when the glasses are in this position that the directional transducer must monitor a high light intensity coming from outside the craft. Thus, the transducer 29 may be set at position A for monitoring directional light coming along line 63 which may be located just above or along the operator's line of sight 61. Thus, directional receiving line 47 of FIG. 5 is positioned to substantially coincide with line 63 of FIG. 6, considering that along line 47 enough light is passed to photocell 33 to operate the circuitry of FIG. 4. Similarly, the transducer 29 may be set at position B for monitoring directional light coming along line 65 which is shown intersecting with the operator's line of sight 61 where intersection takes place at or above the operator's line of sight extending just over the instrument control panel 35. However, position B may vary depending upon the distance of the pilot's head from the panel 35 and therefore the preferable position of the transducer 29 is position A for monitoring directional light coming from just above or along the operator's upper line of sight and shall be referred to hereinafter for brevity and claim language as "substantially along a predetermined line of sight of the wearer"--predetermined by the checking portions 17.
As also shown in FIG. 6, the checking portions 17 are positioned with line 19 lying substantially horizontally in line with a level eyeball sight with respect to the operator's eye 20. This is the preferred position of line 19. However, the line 19 may be positioned somewhat higher or lower than a level eyeball line of sight, but the operator's upper line of sight as defined by the line 19 may vary a little depending upon the distance the glasses are positioned from the operator's eyes.
The photocell 33, as shown in FIG. 5, monitors the intensity of light passed by the film 41 for transducing the monitored light intensity to a corresponding voltage level, the magnitude of which is determined by the magnitude of the light intensities received. As long as the pilot's eyes are directed to the control panel of his aircraft, the light monitored by the directional transducer 29 will produce a relative low voltage output as compared to the light monitored by the ambient transducer 27. But as the pilot raises his head to such an extent that permits him to view out over the control panel, the ambient light from outside the craft is permitted to enter the film 41 along the directional line 47 causing an increase in the voltage output of the photocell 33 toward substantially the same voltage level as the output of photocell 31. The circuitry of FIG. 4 is utilized to monitor the voltage levels produced by the transducers 27, 29 to instantaneously operate the viewing lenses 15.
Referring to FIG. 7, a second embodiment of the directional trnasducing system 29 is shown as including a photocell 33 set to the backside of a lens member 69. The lens member 69 is formed for having a focal length do which is greater than the distance to any portion of the inside of the cockpit while the operator is wearing the glasses 11, so that the lens 69 is only in focus when the pilot directs his line of vision outside the craft. The photocell 33 responds to the in-focus condition of the lens 69 and senses the ambient light coming from outside the craft. However, with the lens 69 out of focus, the photocell would "see" a blur of lower light intensity producing a lower output as compared to that of the ambient light intensity sensed when the lens is in focus. Thus, the output of the transducer 29 may be referenced against the output of ambient light transducing system 27 for actuation of the viewing lenses 15. Further, the focal length do of the lens member 69 may be manually adjustable if so desired.
The directional transducing system 29 of FIGS. 5 and 7 may be used without the ambient light transducer 27 by utilizing switching circuitry which senses the voltage waveform output of the directional transducer system indicating a departure of the sensing of a low light intensity to a high light intensity, for example, circuitry using a fixed threshold as described in the above-referenced parent application.
The embodiment of FIG. 7 may further include a motion detector positioned behind the lens 69 for sensing motion of the aircraft propellor or the like directly out of the windshield. Because the focal length do would be a distance greater than that within the cockpit, the motion detector would not detect relative motion as the wearer moved his head laterally across the control panel. Out of the side windows, struts and/or wing area would provide relative motion targets as the wearer moves his head with respect thereto. Also, differentials of color distinction, cloud formation, ground reference, etc., would provide relative movements outside the focal length area of the cockpit to actuate the motion detector.
Referring again to FIG. 3, the viewing lenses 15 are considered to form a voltage controlled, bistable lens system having a first stable state of transparency, and a second stable state of opacity. The individual eye lenses 15 are connected in parallel for identical operation.
Liquid crystals are well-known devices which may be used to instantaneously switch from a light transmissive state to a light obscuring state upon the application of a voltage. The liquid crystal lenses 15 are maintained in a transparent state until a voltage is applied thereto, whereby the lenses instantaneously change states providing opaqueness to the lens system preventing the pilot from seeing therethrough.
The control circuitry as shown in FIG. 4 operates the lens system for switching the states thereof according to a voltage output from the photocells 31, 33. The circuitry includes a voltage comparator 49 for comparing the voltage outputs of the photocells 31, 33. The photocell 31, as previously described, senses ambient light and operates as an automatically variable threshold reference level for establishing a required output necessary for the photocell 33 to actuate the lens system for instantly switching to its opaque state.
When the photocell 33 produces a voltage output substantially equal to the output of photocell 31, the comparator produces a voltage output to a switch 53. The switch 53 is operable upon a voltage output of comparator 49 for driving an oscillator 57 and waveforming network 59. Waveforming network 59 impresses the necessary voltage waveform onto the liquid crystal lenses 15 for actuation thereof, as understood by those familiar with liquid crystals.
As shown in FIG. 5, a thin piece of mylar 51 may be positioned in front of the ambient photocell 31 of the transducer 27 for lowering the intensity of light received by the photocell 31. Thus, the output of photocell 33 will go higher than the output of 31 as the wearer views outside the aircraft. Thus, the comparator may be set to output a voltage level to the switch 53 as the output waveform of photocell 33 crosses over the output waveform of photocell 31. As the voltage level of the photocell 33 decreases below that of photocell 31 the comparator extinguishes its voltage output to switch 53, switching off the oscillator 57.
Instead of using a light filter 51 for lowering the intensity of the photocell 31, the circuitry of FIG. 4 may utilize a voltage divider network to lower the voltage fed from the photocell 31 to the voltage comparator 49.
The invention, of course, is not limited to the electrical circuitry shown, rather than the electrical circuitry is one embodiment thereof; other circuitries may be utilized which are responsive to the magnitude of directional light received by the photocell 33 in conjunction with the ambient light sensed by photocell 31 for instantaneously actuating the liquid crystal lenses. For example, a voltage summing network may receive both outputs from the photocells 31, 33 for producing the sum of the two photocell outputs. This sum may then be compared with a reference level or even with twice the output of photocell 31 for actuation of switch 53.
The present embodiment has been described for daylight flying in which the ambient light coming from outside the craft will register a higher light intensity as compared to that monitored from the control panel by the directional light transducer 29. It should be understood, that the invention operates in night flying, also, where the instrument control panel puts off brighter light from the lighted instruments as compared to a lower light intensity coming from outside the craft. Thus, the circuitry of FIG. 4 is constructed for actuating the lens system 15 as the directional transducer 29 drops in monitored light intensity level toward the lower intensity level of the light coming from outside the craft.
Referring again to FIG. 5, a light color filter 67 may be positioned to cover the light control film 41 of the directional sensor 29. The color of the filter is chosen to correspond with the color of the control panel 35 in order to filter out any bright light being reflected off the control panel 35 and into the light control film 41.
As described above, the first and second embodiments of the directional transducing system 29 relate to light phenomenon. A third method for transducing the relative position of the upper peripheral line of sight into a voltage level for controlling lens state actuation includes a step of monitoring the temperature of either the instrument control panel or the aircraft windshield along the wearer's upper peripheral line of sight defined by the horizontal line 19.
Specifically, a temperature reading is taken along line 63 or line 65 (FIG. 6) sensing the temperature of either the instrument control panel or the aircraft windshield depending upon the relative position of the flight glasses 11. The windshield will be warmer than the control panel during the summer as a result of radiation from the sun, and during the winter the windshield will also be warmer than the control panel as a result of the defroster blowing hot air over the windshield. Thus, a temperature diferential will exist between the windshield and the control panel.
Noncontact temperature measuring devices are well known in their art in which temperatures of objects can be measured at a distance therefrom. The measured temperature may be converted to a voltage output indicative of the magnitude of the measured temperature; see for example U.S. Pat. No. 3,766,781 illustrating conversion of temperature to a voltage reading.
FIG. 8 illustrates a noncontact temperature measuring device 73, preferably of the infra-red, heat-seeking type, and is disposed on the flight glasses preferably at position A of FIG. 6. A photo-resistive device 72, sensitive to infra-red radiation, produces an output to a voltage transducer circuitry 74 for generating a voltage output of a magnitude related to the magnitude of temperature radiation sensed.
The input temperature radiation is channeled to a prescribed reception range 76 for making the device 73 directionally receptive in character. The radiation may be channeled by a microlouvered material of a substance capable of passing infra-red radiation similar to the control film 41 of FIG. 5, or by a channeling tube stucture similar to that disclosed in the above-referenced parent application, or otherwise as will suggest itself to one skilled in the art.
The upper directional receiving line 75 of the temperature sensor 73 is positioned to substantially coincide with line 63 of FIG. 6, considering that along line 75 enough infra-red radiation is passed to sensor 73 to indicate a temperature change.
A second temperature measurement may be taken directly from the windshield to provide a temperature reference to which the output reading of the noncontact temperature sensor 73 may be compared against. When the two temperature readings are substantially the same a switch similar to switch 53 of FIG. 4 may be actuated to impress the necessary voltage waveform across the lens system 15 to drive the same to its opaque state. The two temperature readings may be separately transduced to separate voltage levels indicative of temperature magnitude, and then fed to a voltage comparator similar to comparator 49 of FIG. 4.
The second temperature reading may also be taken from a noncontact temperature sensor positioned on the flight glasses 11 in a functional position similar to that of the ambient light transducer 27. And further, a fixed threshold level may be utilized in circuitry similar to that described in the above-referenced parent application for providing a voltage comparison with the transduced temperature reading of temperature sensor 73.
A fourth method for transducing the relative position of the upper peripheral line of sight into a voltage level for switching the lens system 15 includes the step of monitoring the sound level at the instrument control panel or at the aircraft windshield along the wearer's upper peripheral line of sight defined by horizontal line 19.
Specifically, a sound reading is taken along line 63 or line 65 (FIG. 6) for sensing the sound level at either the instrument control panel or at the aircraft windshield depending upon the relative position of the flight glasses 11. A sound differential exists between the sound level at the instrument control panel and the sound level at the aircraft windshield during aircraft operation. There is a definite decrease in noise level below the windshield.
Noncontact sound measuring devices are well-known in their art in which sound at an object can be measured at a distance therefrom. Also well-known are directional microphones which sense along a particular directional range. While any of the many types of directional microphones may be utilized to perform the method of the present invention, a regular microphone may be utilized in conjunction with a horn-type, channeling component for channeling the sound wave input to a particular directional range.
FIG. 9 illustrates diagrammatically, a directional microphone 77, which is disposed on the flight glasses preferably at position A of FIG. 6. The upper directional receiving line 79 of the microphone 77 is positioned to substantially coincide with line 63 (FIG. 6), considering that along line 79 enough sound radiation is passed to sensor 77 to indicate a sound change.
A second sound measurement may be taken from the aircraft windshield to provide a sound reference level for appropriate circuitry actuation by transduced voltage levels of sound in a manner similar to that described with respect to the directional light and directional temperature monitoring, and with a corresponding circuitry system similar to that of FIG. 4.
Rather than sensing a stimulus difference between natural stimulus occurring at the instrument control panel and natural stimulus occurring at the windshield as previously described, the present invention also contemplates generation of artificial stimulus at the windshield and/or control panel, and utilizing this stimulus differential for monitoring the relative position of the upper peripheral line of sight. The stimulus differential may include stimulus radiation occurring only at the windshield, or occurring only at the control panel, or occurring only at the interface between the windshield and control panel, or occurring at a combination of locations as will suggest itself to persons skilled in the art.
Referring to FIG. 10, a stimulus generator 81 is positioned on the instrument control 35 for generating a directional beam 83 of stimulus. The beam is preferably configured in the shape of a plane directed from the windshield/control panel interface and extending to the flight glasses 11 of the wearer. As shown in FIG. 10, the stimulus beam 83 intersects the flight glasses 11 at a point 85. As the wearer raised his head, the point of intersection 85 drops along the face of the glasses until point A is reached where a stimulus sensor 87 is positioned. The stimulus sensor 87 senses the beam 83 and produces a voltage output for switching the lens system 15 to its opaque state.
The sensor 87 is thus disposed on the eyeglasses 11 for sensing the beam 83 just prior to the glasses reaching a point to permit the wearer to view out over the control panel 35 along the wearer's upper peripheral line of sight.
The stimulus beam 83 could take the form, for example, of a light beam as used in "electric eye" systems. The light beam 83 would remain "broken" until the sensor 87 was moved into a position to receive the light beam.
Further, the stimulus beam 83 could take the form of an elecgromagnetic beam, e.g., an RF signal. The stimulus generator 81 would comprise a directional transmitter, and the stimulus sensor 87 would include an RF receiver. Only when the sensor 87 coincides with the intersection point 85 is the RF signal sensed.
Other stimulus generators would be obvious to persons skilled in the beam sensing art, including optical beams, laser beams, sonar beams, and other energy-type beams. Further, the stimulus generator may be adjustably mounted for initializing the radiational position of stimulus beam 83.
Appropriate circuitry would be utilized with the embodiment of FIG. 10, in which the sensor 87 would actuate a switch similar to switch 53 of FIG. 4 to impress a voltage waveform across the lens system 15. A sensing of the stimulus beam 83 by the sensor 87 would transduce the same to a voltage level for actuating the switch 53.
Referring again to FIG. 2, an ON-OFF switch 71 is disposed on the outside of the glasses 11 and is operatively coupled to the control circuitry of FIG. 4 to enable the wearer to manually set the lens system in its transparent state. The ON-OFF switch 71 may, for example, disconnect the photocell output from the liquid crystal lens 15 when in the OFF position, as shown in FIG. 4. The ON-OFF switch 71 provides a safety factor to override the system in case of an emergency or other necessary viewing, and also provides a necessary control for use of the flight hood of the present invention to simulate a flight vertigo condition in pilots.
Flight vertigo simulation is possible on landing approaches. With a state of deceleration and with the pilot viewing the control panel, the pilot changes his line of sight outside of the aircraft to fog the lens occluding his viewing. Shortly thereafter, the pilot manually switches the ON-OFF switch to its OFF position setting the lens to its transparent state. The pilot immediately experiences vertigo.
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing disclosure relates to preferred embodiments of the invention and that other modifications or alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
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|Jul 2, 2010
|Jan 7, 2014
|Nike, Inc.
|Adjustable spectral transmittance curved lens eyewear
|Dec 24, 2012
|Apr 29, 2014
|Pixeloptics, Inc.
|Electronic eyeglass frame
|Jan 19, 2011
|Apr 29, 2014
|Nike, Inc.
|Adjustable spectral transmittance eyewear
|Jul 1, 2011
|Jul 22, 2014
|Pixeloptics, Inc.
|Frame design for electronic spectacles
|Feb 13, 2012
|Aug 12, 2014
|Hpo Assets Llc
|Electronic frames comprising electrical conductors
|Nov 17, 2011
|Dec 9, 2014
|Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
|Electronic spectacle frames
|Nov 17, 2011
|Feb 3, 2015
|Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
|Electronic spectacle frames
|Jul 8, 2011
|Mar 17, 2015
|Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
|Electro-active spectacle frames
|Dec 19, 2007
|Mar 24, 2015
|Pinlock Patent B.V.
|Visor provided with a UV-sensitive material
|Dec 16, 2013
|May 12, 2015
|Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
|Electronic eyeglass frame
|Jun 17, 2013
|Jan 5, 2016
|Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
|Electro-active spectacles and associated electronics
|Jun 15, 2005
|Sep 7, 2006
|Goodis Craig J
|Heated eyewear
|May 1, 2007
|Nov 8, 2007
|Duston Dwight P
|Spectacle frame bridge housing electronics for electro-active spectacle lenses
|Aug 31, 2006
|Mar 6, 2008
|Nike Inc.
|Zone switched sports training eyewear
|Jul 25, 2007
|Oct 23, 2008
|Thomas Schnell
|Synthetic vision system and methods
|Dec 19, 2008
|Apr 23, 2009
|Duston Dwight P
|Spectacle frame bridge housing electronics for electro-active spectacle lenses
|Jan 9, 2009
|May 7, 2009
|Pixeloptics Inc.
|Electronic adapter for electro-active spectacle lenses
|Jul 15, 2010
|Pixeloptics, Inc.
|Electro-active spectacles and associated electronics
|Jul 12, 2010
|Oct 28, 2010
|Pixeloptics, Inc.
|Electronic eyeglass frame
|Jul 2, 2010
|Feb 10, 2011
|Nike, Inc.
|Adjustable Spectral Transmittance Curved Lens Eyewear
|Sep 22, 2011
|Pixeloptics, Inc.
|Electro-Active Spectacle Lenses
|Dec 19, 2007
|Mar 1, 2012
|Hd Inspiration Holding B.V.
|Visor provided with a uv-sensitive material
|Nov 13, 2013
|May 14, 2015
|Encampass Group, LLC
|Medical face shield
|May 1, 2007
|Apr 17, 2008
|E-Vision, Llc
|Spectacle frame bridge housing electronics for electro-active spectacle lenses
|U.S. Classification
|434/36, 349/116, 2/432, 349/13
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 18, 1993
Owner name: INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RESEARCH, INC., SOUTH CAROLINA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WITT, FRANK;REEL/FRAME:006431/0724
Effective date: 19921012


text:
I have a matrix in SAS IML. For each pair of rows (say vectors
A and
B), I want to calculate the cosine similarity,
A . B / ( ||A|| x ||B|| ).
So the result should be a square matrix with the same number of rows as as the initial matrix.
If I pass a vector to the Euclid function, I get back a vector, so the function appears to be acting separately on each element of the vector. Indeed, the SAS documentation says:
If you call a Base SAS function with a matrix argument, the function will usually act elementwise on each element of teh [sic] matrix.
This is weird -- why would anyone want to calculate summary statistics for each element of a vector? They will always just return the elements. Is there a way to get the Euclidean norm for a vector?
My code is below. Notwithstanding the Euclidean norm, is there a more efficient way to do this?
proc iml;
use fundstr;
read all var _all_ into wgts;
do i = 1 to nrows;
do j = i to nrows;
tmp = wgts[i,]*wgts[j,]`; /** need to divide by norms each vector **/
d[i,j] = tmp;
d[j,i] = tmp;

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DiversityWorking ~ About
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We are the career opportunity resource and job search engine for the cultural diversity marketplace. Our employer members use our site to promote, attract and recruit a high performing and in some cases underrepresented employee. Our employer members must adhere to the standards set out by the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which protects individuals against employment discrimination on the basis of race and color as well as national origin, sex, or religion.
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Employing different kinds of people, particularly in decision-making positions, gives corporations and organizations additional strengths by being able to draw upon a wider knowledge base.
It is our mission to help companies promote their jobs, build their brand and send targeted and qualified diversity candidates directly to the best jobs possible. We strive to extend our co-branded efforts from the grass roots of our communities to corporate USA and build upon the strengths of what a true diversity workplace can offer and produce.
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text:
Historical Pick-Up Lines
Pick-Up Lines of historical figures by unknown artist.
More pick-up Lines of historical figures here.
Meanwhile on Design You Trust
- Japan Bondage-Style Bikini Is Latest Fashion Trend To Sweep Nation
- Artists Combine Theatricality And Organic Food To Compose The Photographs
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- These Ridiculous Propaganda Postcards Warn Men About The Dangers Of Women's Rights From The Early 20th Century


text:
Q & A Library
Can Mushrooms, Green Tea Prevent Breast Cancer?
I heard that drinking green tea and eating mushrooms lowered the breast cancer risk of women in China. True?
Answer (Published 10/5/2009)
You're referring to a study in China conducted by Australian researchers showing that women who ate the most fresh button mushrooms, 10 grams or more per day, were about two-thirds less likely to develop breast cancer than women who ate no mushrooms. Those who ate four grams or more of dried mushrooms, mostly shiitake (Lentinula edodes), daily had half the cancer risk of women who ate no mushrooms. Those who ate mushrooms and also drank green tea daily had only 11 to 18 percent the breast cancer risk of women who consumed neither. The findings were published in the March 15, 2009 issue of the International Journal of Cancer.
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I asked integrative oncologist Donald Abrams, M.D., of the University of California, San Francisco Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, for his thoughts about these findings. He noted that many mushrooms have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing, antiviral and possible direct anti-tumor effects, and that it is biologically plausible that consuming mushrooms could decrease the risk of cancer. However, he said that a randomized placebo-controlled prospective clinical trial to prove this hypothesis would be very difficult to design and perform. Given this limitation, Dr. Abrams said we need to rely on information gathered from population studies such as the Australian one, in which investigators demonstrate that mushroom consumption decreases a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, and that drinking green tea greatly enhances the risk reduction.
Noting that the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) was the most commonly consumed fresh mushroom by the women in the study, Dr. Abrams points out that Agaricus species have been reported to contain natural aromatase inhibitors, substances that can block production of estrogen in the body. Today, pharmaceutical aromatase inhibitors are the first line in breast cancer treatment in women whose tumors are estrogen receptor positive (dependent on the hormone to grow and spread).
He also mentioned concerns about potentially cancer-causing compounds in agaricus species called hydrazines. Hydrazines can be inactivated by heat - a good reason to eat only thoroughly cooked mushrooms. But Dr. Abrams noted that some mycologists are not convinced that cooking button mushrooms inactivates all hydrazines. For this reason, he said, sound as the Australian study is, women should be cautious about eating large amounts of button mushrooms to prevent breast cancer and should instead concentrate on shiitake, oyster mushrooms, and other Asian varieties.
In summing up, he agreed with my view of mushrooms: "Bottom line, mushrooms are good medicine. Cook them well before eating them and enjoy a variety rather than any one specific type."
Andrew Weil, M.D.
Some Rights Reserved Creative Commons Copyright Notice
A portion of the original material created by Weil Lifestyle on DrWeil.com (specifically, all question and answer-type articles in the Dr. Weil Q&A Library) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 13, 2005
|Filing date
|Jan 23, 2002
|Priority date
|Sep 30, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Carl A. Gideon
|Original Assignee
|Emrys Technologies, Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (14), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 09/164,244, filed Sep. 30, 1998 entitled: "Event Management in a System with Application and Graphical User Interface Processing Adapted to Display Predefined Graphical Elements Resides Separately on Server and Client Machine," and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to client-server processing and, more particularly, to an application environment wherein application logic and business rules reside on a server to which users attach from client machines that have independent graphical user interface (GUI) processing.
2. Description of the Related Art
The computer industry has changed dramatically over the past few years and that, coupled with the explosive growth of the Internet, has changed the way people interact with and access information. The growth of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the World Wide Web, the graphical side of the Internet, has changed users' expectations of how they interact with information.
These changes present new challenges in data processing. While data processing has traditionally been performed internally, e.g., within a company site, the new global information access infrastructure allows remote data processing.
Current remote control systems that can be adapted for remote data processing such as PCAnywhere or Citrix Servers have two significant drawbacks. First, their system overhead requirements keep them from being scaled to a large number of users. Second, keyboard interaction takes place essentially on a character-by-character basis. In tests of remote control systems, and character-based systems such as Unix telnet, the character-by-character method was found unacceptable over the Internet for sustained usage of the program. With delay times typically of � to � of a second, and sometimes more, it becomes very difficult for data entry personnel to develop any rhythm that allows for high-speed entry. Using ActiveX controls and other methods based on standard Remote Procedure Call (RPC) implementations requires too much bandwidth to perform acceptably over limited speed connections such as a 28.8 kbps connection. Moreover, additional installation is needed on the client side. Web browser based implementations do not have interactive field-by-field validation, lookups, or help needed for large-scale applications. In addition, they do not allow multiple overlapping windows.
Some operating systems (such as the Windows operating system) use an event queue to process and sequence events (such as key strokes, mouse clicks, etc.). Generally, events such as keystrokes are simply delivered to the window that is currently active. This, however, becomes somewhat complicated if a keystroke is able to activate another window. As fast users often type ahead, there is no assurance that keystrokes will be sent to the intended window.
A primary object of the present invention is to provide a network-based system that allows for high-speed data entry at a remote client.
A further object of the invention is to provide a network-based system for remote data processing in which substantially all application logic and business rules reside on a common server, and GUI processing is performed separately at a client machine.
A further object of the invention is to provide a network-based system providing a sophisticated user interface at a client machine controlled by a server using a low bandwidth connection (such as a 28.8 kbps modem connection) and minimal client resources.
Another object of the invention is to provide a network-based system for remote data processing that is scaleable to a large number, e.g., hundreds, of concurrent users.
These and other objectives are accomplished by a network-based system in which application logic and business rules reside on a server to which a user attaches from a client machine. The system includes a view manager residing on the client machine for generating a graphical user interface (GUI) environment for the user. An application engine resides on the server for controlling the view manager. Events in an event queue at the client machine are parsed to determine which events require application processing. Events requiring application processing are sent to the server and other events are left in the event queue. The system also maintains stack synchronization between the client machine and the server.
The inventive system allows remote high-speed data entry while maintaining keystroke synchronization. The system is scaleable to a large number, e.g., hundreds, of concurrent users. It provides a sophisticated user interface at the client machine controlled by the server using a low bandwidth connection (such as a 28.8 kbps modem connection) and minimal client resources.
The foregoing has outlined some of the more pertinent objects and features of the present invention. These objects should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the invention. Applying the disclosed invention in a different manner can attain many other beneficial results or modifying the invention as will be described.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference should be made to the following Detailed Description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the FIGUREs, like numerals being used to refer to like and corresponding parts of the various drawings. A representative client-server network environment in which the present invention can be implemented is illustrated in
The client machine 10 includes a processor 11, an operating system 13, a graphical user interface 15, and a View Manager 16.
A representative application server platform 12 comprises a processor 18 such as, e.g., an IBM RISC System/6000 computer (a reduced instruction set or so-called RISC-based workstation) running an Operating System 20 such as, e.g., the Windows NT Operating System. The platform 12 also includes an application server program 22. The platform 12 also preferably includes a graphical user interface (GUI) 24 for management and administration. In addition, the application server 22 includes an Application Programming Interface (API) 23 that provides extensions enabling application developers to extend and/or customize the core functionality.
A representative client is a personal computer (PC) workstation that is x86-, PowerPC�- or RISC-based, that includes an operating system such as Microsoft Windows 3.1 and Windows 95 (or higher), and that includes the View Manager 16.
Briefly, in accordance with the invention, substantially all application logic and business rules reside on the common Windows NT server 12. The client 10 preferably comprises a so-called thin client (with minimal client resources) having full Graphical User Interface (GUI) functionality, but containing substantially no application level intelligence. The thin client 10 is capable of performing well using a 28.8 modem connection through the Internet. The inventive system is scaleable to large numbers, e.g., hundreds of concurrent users.
In the inventive system, the normal Windows components are separated into two distinct objects: the data model (which contains substantially all of the information about an object such as color, size, font, position, etc.) and the View Manager (which uses information from the data model to construct an actual GUI element). The data model resides on the server, and the View Manager resides on the client machine. The system includes a message passing architecture that allows the data model and the View Manager to communicate with each other. The View Manager uses information from the data model (obtained from a message) to construct a GUI element, and then sends messages to the data model if the user changes any of the view characteristics. These messages can be sent locally or over any TCP/IP connection.
At its lowest level, the system is composed of three basic components: a remote object client 10, a remote object server 12, and a dispatcher 14. The objects communicate with each other by sending messages. A message is a packet of bytes passed from one object to another. There is no predefined structure to a message except that defined by the sending and receiving objects. The dispatcher preferably uses a simple message passing structure based on the Winsock/Berkeley sockets TCP/IP interface to communicate between objects. Parameters are placed directly into a message buffer. The message is sent via the dispatcher to the remote system using standard TCP/IP socket calls. It is then passed to the target object. The arguments are removed from the message and the appropriate code is called to perform the function. A flag indicates if a response is required to the message. Not only does this approach simplify the steps needed to build the application, but it gives us complete control over the underlying communications parameters and requires no specialized software to be installed on the client or the server.
The client and server components at this lowest level are responsible for routing a message received from the dispatcher to the appropriate object. The View Manager 16 implements only the client component preferably using Windows Asynchronous Sockets to allow it to run in the Windows 3.1 and Windows 95 environments. The server software implements both the server and the client components in a multi-threaded environment preferably using a standard Berkeley sockets style interface. By implementing both server and client components, the server process can function as both a server for the View Manager 16, and as a client to other processes. This provides the foundation for the n-tier architecture.
The Forms Management layer allows GUI elements to be created and controlled by the server 12 on a remote client 10. Using the messaging system to create and manage remote objects, the server can control sophisticated user interfaces using a low bandwidth connection and minimal client resources.
Layered on top of the Forms Manager 32 is a Database Manager 34 designed to provide relational database access to information, and Application Specific Code 36 that provides the business rules and program control logic. Both of these layers execute in the multi-threaded server process and have full access to the communications layer. This provides the core functionality of the system. The View Manager 16 is a relatively small, simple Windows application that requires virtually no specialized client software aside from a standard TCP/IP interface. The server components provide all application control logic and business rules. Together they form a very powerful framework to provide sophisticated GUI applications that can run over low bandwidth communication links.
Thus, the View Manager 30, which resides on the client workstation 10, provides a full GUI environment and communicates with the Forms Manager 32 through a message architecture. It is responsible for all user input processing and output rendering. As will be described in greater detail below, through the use of intelligent event masks, only those events that require application processing are ever sent back to the server. This puts all of the user interface workload at its most appropriate location, the user's machine. It allows the server components to process data in a bulk transaction oriented fashion rather than a highly interactive event driven method.
As previously discussed, the Windows operating system uses an event queue to process and sequence events (such as key strokes, mouse clicks, etc.). Usually events, such as keystrokes are delivered to a window currently in focus. However, the process becomes somewhat complicated if a keystroke causes another window to become active. As fast users often type ahead, it is critical that the proper keystrokes get sent to the intended window.
As shown in
After the server disables the menu bar, it activates the edit control command. By this time, the 'o' keystroke is processed and is placed first in edit control instead of 'J' as intended.
To avoid this problem, an inventive event loop system is provided as shown in FIG. 5. In brief, the event loop scans the Windows event queue and only removes messages that are allowed based on an event mask. The event loop also responds to special synchronization messages to recursively call and exit the event loop to maintain stack synchronization between the View Manager and server.
At Step 50 the system looks for a message on the event queue. A determination is made at Step 52 whether the event is an allowed event. If not, then at Step 54 the system determines whether there are any more events. If there are more events, the process returns to Step 50.
If at Step 52 it is found that the event is an allowed event, then at Step 56 a determination is made whether it should be processed locally. If so, a message is dispatched at Step 58 and the process moves to Step 54. If the event is not to be processed locally, it is sent to the server at Step 60, and the process moves to Step 54.
If at Step 54, a determination is made that there are no more events, then the system waits at Step 62 for user generated events or server generated events. Thereafter at Step 64, a determination is made whether an exit synchronization message has been received. If so, the process exits the event loop at 66. If not, then at Step 68, a determination is made whether the message is a layer synchronization message from the server. If so, the process recursively calls the event loop at Step 70. If not, the process returns to Step 50.
The inventive system allows remote high-speed data entry while maintaining keystroke synchronization. The system is scaleable to a large number, e.g., hundreds, of concurrent users. It provides a sophisticated user interface at the client machine controlled by the server using a low bandwidth connection (such as a 28.8 kbps modem connection) and minimal client resources.
Although the present invention has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 27, 1989
|Feb 16, 1993
|Teknekron Software Systems, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for providing decoupling of data exchange details for providing high performance communication between software processes
|Dec 19, 1990
|Jan 11, 1994
|Bull Hn Information Systems Inc.
|Method for managing requests by specifying time intervals for transmitting a minimum number of messages for specific destinations and priority levels
|Aug 6, 1993
|Aug 23, 1994
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Broker for computer network server selection
|Mar 1, 1993
|Apr 25, 1995
|Motorola, Inc.
|Table modifiable edit functions with order-effective edit rules
|Dec 21, 1990
|Sep 17, 1996
|Tibco, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for providing decoupling of data exchange details for providing high performance communication between software processes
|Dec 22, 1994
|Feb 11, 1997
|Unisys Corporation
|Dequeue instruction in a system architecture for improved message passing and process synchronization
|Oct 12, 1993
|Mar 18, 1997
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method for processing and storing a transaction in a distributed database system
|Aug 22, 1995
|Jun 17, 1997
|Davox Corporation
|Data processing system with automated at least partial forms completion
|Jul 31, 1995
|Jul 1, 1997
|West Publishing Company
|Interprocess communications interface for managing transaction requests
|Feb 5, 1996
|Jul 15, 1997
|Harris Corporation
|Multi-model database system for dynamic creation and maintenance of complex objects in a real time environment
|May 17, 1995
|Jan 27, 1998
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|System for creating graphical user interfaces using changeable models for constituent parts
|Nov 9, 1994
|May 4, 1999
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Object-oriented computer user interface
|Jun 11, 1997
|Sep 26, 2000
|Netgenics Corp.
|Research system using multi-platform object oriented program language for providing objects at runtime for creating and manipulating biological or chemical data
|Sep 30, 1998
|Apr 23, 2002
|Emrys Technologies, Ltd.
|Event management in a system with application and graphical user interface processing adapted to display predefined graphical elements resides separately on server and client machine
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 19, 2006
|Aug 25, 2009
|Microsoft Corporation
|Constructing user interfaces on top of cmdlets
|Jul 10, 2012
|Microsoft Corporation
|Isolation of user-interactive components
|Mar 2, 2007
|Aug 21, 2012
|Pegasystems Inc.
|Proactive performance management for multi-user enterprise software systems
|Dec 18, 2012
|Pegasystems Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for work management and routing
|Dec 29, 2009
|Jul 2, 2013
|Pegasystems Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for integration of declarative rule-based processing with procedural programming in a digital data-processing evironment
|Feb 18, 2011
|Nov 4, 2014
|Pegasystems Inc.
|Systems and methods for distributed rules processing
|Feb 18, 2011
|Dec 30, 2014
|Pegasystems Inc.
|Rule-based user interface conformance methods
|May 31, 2013
|Feb 17, 2015
|Pegasystems Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for integration of declarative rule-based processing with procedural programming in a digital data-processing environment
|Jun 28, 2012
|Nov 17, 2015
|Pegasystems Inc.
|Proactive performance management for multi-user enterprise software systems
|Dec 30, 2011
|Nov 24, 2015
|Pegasystems Inc.
|System and method for updating or modifying an application without manual coding
|Oct 29, 2014
|Feb 23, 2016
|Pegasystems Inc.
|Systems and methods for distributed rules processing
|Jul 19, 2006
|Jan 24, 2008
|Microsoft Corporation
|Constructing user interfaces on top of cmdlets
|Feb 22, 2008
|Aug 28, 2008
|Pegasystems, Inc.
|User interface methods and apparatus for rules processing
|Jul 30, 2009
|Microsoft Corporation
|Isolation of user-interactive components
|U.S. Classification
|709/203, 709/201
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 27, 2004
Owner name: EMRYS TECHNOLOGIES, LTD., TEXAS
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:EMRYS PARTNERS, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:015177/0435
Effective date: 20011011
Owner name: EMRYS SOLUTIONS, INC., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GIDEON, CARL A.;REEL/FRAME:015183/0794
Effective date: 19981125
Owner name: EMRYS PARTNERS, LTD., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EMRYS SOLUTIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:015183/0899
Effective date: 19990519
|Feb 11, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 26, 2013
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 13, 2013
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 5, 2013
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20130913


text:
Downeast Medal Finals
September 15-18th, 2016
Skowhegan Fairgrounds, Skowhegan, Maine
Affordable & inviting!
2016 Closing Date: September 1st with the exception of riders who qualify on September 2-4th. Please send your entries in early!
The 2016 Downeast Medal Finals will be run from September 16th-18th, 2016, with Thursday, September 15th as a warmup day. We look forward to seeing you there.
New for 2016: Downeast Medal Finals will be sending out a monthly newsletter to keep you updated on all things Downeast! To receive the newsletter, please send your email to Katie at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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text: Art's Life Lessons Great works of art can help us deal with life's challenges Nov. 1, 2013 6:24 p.m. ET fullscreen In 'At the Linen Closet', a modest domestic scene by the 17th-century Dutch painter Pieter de Hooch, we see a couple of women putting the household linens in order. His painting suggests that the big themes of life—the search for prosperity, happiness, good relationships—are always grounded in the way we approach little things and ordinary routine. Peter Horree/Alamy … In 'Banquet Still Life' by Adriaen van Utrecht, we are meant to admire this lavish spread of lemons, grapes, figs and strawberries; game pies, hams and a lobster. Van Utrecht's picture takes us back four centuries, to a time when abundance was new and not to be taken for granted. Peter Horree/Alamy … In this abstract black-and-white photo, 'North Atlantic Ocean, Cliffs of Moher,' by the Japanese artist Hiroshi Sugimoto, we find ourselves in a still, undefined vastness made up of only sea and sky. The composition has a tranquilizing effect, which can enter into our own being and perhaps adjust how we respond to challenges and anxiety. Pace Gallery … In 'Christ Crucified' by Diego Velazquez, the greatest artist of Spain's 17th-century Golden Age, we move from the mundane to the transcendent. Christianity is upfront about the idea that our lives can be burdened by suffering, but that our suffering should have some honor or dignity. This picture of the Crucifixion achieves that. It invites us to contemplate the centrality of suffering in the achievement of all valuable goals. Museo Nacional del Prado/Art Resource, NY … In 'The Twilight of Life' by the Canadian painter Sydney Tully, who died in 1911, we see an elderly woman. She sits stooped and thoughtful against a stark background. She used to be strong and decisive. She had lovers once, putting her makeup on carefully and setting out with a quiet thrill in the evening. Now, she's hard to love and maybe knows this. She gets irritated, withdraws. But she needs other people to care for her. Anyone can end up in her position. And there are moments when a lot of people, at whatever stage of life, are a bit hard to admire or like. Art Gallery of Ontario … The glass workshops of Venice became famous in the Medieval period for producing the most elaborate, delicate, transparent glassware mankind had ever known. Yet Venetian glass doesn't apologize for its weakness. It admits its delicacy; it is confident enough to demand careful treatment; it makes the world understand it could easily be damaged. One of the duties of civilization is to allow the more delicate forms of humanity to thrive, to create environments where it is OK to be fragile. Getty Images … Claude Monet's 'Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies' is one of the most popular works at the National Gallery in London. This is deeply worrying to many people of taste and sophistication, who take this kind of taste for 'prettiness' as a symptom of sentimentality and borderline stupidity. However, cheerfulness is an achievement and hope is something to celebrate. National Gallery, London … When Henri Matisse shows us an ideal image of women linking hands in solidarity and joy in 'The Dance,' he doesn't wish to deny the troubles of the planet. He wants to encourage our optimism, knowing that is hard to nurture and maintain. Succession H. Matisse/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York … Replay Art's Life Lessons More Slideshows Photos of the Day: July 28 Photos: Wildfires Rage in California of SHOW CAPTION HIDE CAPTION fullscreen RELATED: Art for Life's Sake Show More Archives


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The New Palestine Dragons volleyball team won Tuesday's away tournament match against Franklin Central by a score of 3-1.
(October 18, 2011: Indianapolis, IN 46259) The New Palestine Dragons volleyball team scored 3 points and limited the host Franklin Central Flashes to 1 in the Dragons non-league victory on Tuesday.
The Dragons now have a 20-11 record. They put it on the line next when they travel to Greenwood for a non-league game on Thursday, October 20. New Palestine will meet a Woodmen team coming off a 3-2 non-league win over Center Grove (Greenwood, IN). The Woodmen record now stands at 4-2.


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The Federal Minister for Indigenous Affairs speaks about Justice Targets and Prison Diversionary during the Federal Election Campaign 2016
Speaking about community safety and the safety of First Nations people who are incarcerated, the re-appointed Minister for Indigenous Affairs says that we have come...
Federal Election 2016: Campaign interview with the reappointed Federal Minister for Indigenous Affairs Nigel Scullion
The re-appointed Federal Minister for Indigenous Affairs spoke to Living Black Radio during the week of the Federal Election 2016. He spoke about what matters to...
Peace and solidarity: The Black Lives Matter Rally in Melbourne calls for an end to deaths in custody from Police shootings
It was a call for peace, as thousands of people rallied in Australia last week to support the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States of America. Sadly...
'Life growing up on the Islands was filled with travel, fishing and extended family. My Mother told me stories of dreams filled with ancient legends and dolphins,...
Cut the Sky - Marrugeku. What happens when we don't listen to country?
Redfern Statement
United, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations demand a just approach to First Peoples' needs
* Please note percentages are rounded to one decimal place.


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- Miss Florida 2017 stripped of crown days after win - US Weekly
- Lindsay Lohan steps out amid relationship drama - TMZ
- Was Taylor Swift snubbed by the VMAs? - Gossip Cop
- Rachel Platten sings "Fight Song" with lots of stars - Just Jared Jr
- Farrah Abraham sizzles in a revealing bikini - Radar
- New pics from the Clooneys' Italian summer - Lainey Gossip
- Fox News snubs major DNC moment - The Hollywood Reporter
02 January 2014 at 9:56 PM
Gwen Stefani: New Year's Day with the Family in Mammoth!
About this photo set: Gwen Stefani shares a sweet moment with her adorable son Zuma, 5, while enjoying their snowy vacation on Wednesday (January 1) in Mammoth, Calif. The 44-year-old… Read More Here
Photo #: 3021422
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Gainward GeForce GTX 650 Ti 2GB Boost Golden Sample Video Card in SLI Overclocked Review
Far Cry 2
Version and / or Patch Used: 1.01
Timedemo or Level Used: Ranch Long
Developer Homepage: http://www.ubi.com/
Product Homepage: http://www.farcry2.com/
The Dunia Engine was built specifically for Far Cry 2 by the award-winning Ubisoft Montreal development team. It delivers the most realistic destructible environments, amazing special effects such as dynamic fire propagation and storm effects, real-time night-and-day cycle, dynamic music system, non-scripted enemy A.I. and so much more.
As you'd expect we see strong performance under Far Cry 2 with the SLI setup hitting our minimum FPS wall and our average FPS wall at the lower resolutions. 2560 x 1600 performance is also extremely strong, as you can see above.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
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Canada: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website.
- Page 1 [Introduction and Package]
- Page 2 [The Card and Specifications]
- Page 3 [Benchmarks - Test System Setup]
- Page 4 [Benchmarks - 3DMark 11]
- Page 5 [Benchmarks - Unigine Heaven Benchmark]
- Page 6 [Benchmarks - Phantasy Star Online 2]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - Lost Planet 2]
- Page 8 [Benchmarks - Just Cause 2]
- Page 9 [Benchmarks - F1 2012]
- Page 10 [Benchmarks - Metro 2033]
- Page 11 [Benchmarks - Dirt Showdown]
- Page 12 [Benchmarks - Nexuiz]
- Page 13 [Benchmarks - Sniper Elite V2]
- Page 14 [Benchmarks - Sleeping Dogs]
- Page 15 [Benchmarks - Far Cry 2]
- Page 16 [Benchmarks - Hitman Absolution]
- Page 17 [Benchmarks - Tomb Raider]
- Page 18 [Benchmarks - BioShock Infinite]
- Page 19 [Benchmarks - High Quality AA and AF]
- Page 20 [Temperature Test]
- Page 21 [Sound Test]
- Page 22 [Power Consumption Test]
- Page 23 [Pricing, Availability and Final Thoughts]
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Carrie's Reviews > Working Stiff
Working Stiff (Sofie Metropolis, #4)
by Tori Carrington
by Tori Carrington
Carrie's review
bookshelves: screwball-mystery
Jun 01, 2009
bookshelves: screwball-mystery
Read in June, 2009
I really liked this installment, not everything works out perfectly, but the important things come out okay. Kind of missed Grampa Kosmos.
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Brenna Erford
Brenna Erford
Brenna Erford manages Pew's work on state budget policy, which helps states identify strategies to better manage fiscal pressures resulting from economic and revenue volatility. Erford oversees the project's work with state budget leaders, including technical assistance to develop and adopt policy solutions. She also manages a team of researchers who identify and analyze proven approaches that serve as models for states. She is a frequent conference speaker and has testified before state legislative bodies as well as professional associations.
Before joining Pew in 2013, Erford worked on state fiscal and tax issues in a research and advocacy capacity at the North Carolina Budget and Tax Center. She previously served as a fiscal analyst for the North Carolina General Assembly's nonpartisan Fiscal Research Division and as a legislative analyst for the Illinois General Assembly's Office of the House Minority Leader. Erford received a bachelor's degree in rhetoric from the University of Illinois and holds a master's degree in public administration from North Carolina State University.
Recent WorkView All
Fiscal 50: State Trends and Analysis
Fiscal 50: State Trends and Analysis, an interactive resource from The Pew Charitable Trusts, allows you to sort and analyze data on key fiscal, economic, and demographic trends in the 50 states and understand their impact on states' fiscal health. Read More
Fiscal 50: State Trends and Analysis
Pew's Fiscal 50: State Trends and Analysis presents 50-state data on key fiscal, economic, and demographic indicators and analyzes their impact on states' long-term fiscal health. Drill down into state finances in five core areas. Read More
Personal Income Growth Shows Uneven U.S. Recovery
One of the longest U.S. economic expansions in history has lifted personal income in all states. But growth has varied, from a constant annual rate of less than 1 percent in Nevada to almost 5 percent in North Dakota since the start of the Great Recession. Weakening energy prices have cost four states some of those gains, though, over the year ending in the first quarter of 2016. Read More


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May 26, 2016
Bianchi's family taking legal action following his death
The family of Jules Bianchi is taking legal action against motorsport's governing body, the Marussia team and Formula One ...
May 24, 2016
England allrounder Ben Stokes undergoes knee surgery
England all-rounder Ben Stokes has undergone knee surgery, while fellow international Reece Topley has been ruled out for ...
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Injured flyhalf Russell out of Scotland rugby tour to Japan
Flyhalf Finn Russell was ruled out of Scotland's two-test rugby tour of Japan on Tuesday while he lay in a Dublin hospital ...
May 18, 2016
UK university bans mortarboard throwing over injury risk
A British university has been accused of overreacting for banning graduating students from tossing mortarboards into the air ...
April 09, 2016
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March 30, 2016
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'Madden' simulates NFL Week 16
December, 23, 2011
EA SportsNY Giants vs. NY Jets
Drew Brees throws for 339 yards and three touchdowns in a win over the Falcons. It's Tebow Time in Denver with another 4th quarter comeback. And Eli Manning wins the battle of New York (in New Jersey).
Those are just some of the predictions made by EA Sports thanks to the simulation power of their hit video game, "Madden NFL 12."
Using the game's advanced Artificial Intelligence, EA simulated every Week 16 contest, including all of the winners and stat leaders.
Click on the link to find out what "Madden" predicts will happen this holiday weekend.
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- Return Man 2
- The sequel to our most popular game is here. How's your return?
- Wide Out
- Run timed routes, beat DB's to the end zone and score.
- Electric QB
- Hit your receivers, dodge defenders and rack up TDs.


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The Reel Deal – Ultrex is Number One
The talk of ICAST 2016 was the new Ultrex Trolling Motor from Minn Kota. Elite Series pro Koby Kreiger talks about the best in show winner at ICAST. This trolling motor is going to change the game. Follow Koby on his Facebook page.Find out more about the Ultrex here.
"What to do"… If You Break a Pin
By now we are sure you have seen it, the G Force Eliminator prop nut. If you haven't tried one your missing out, it's pretty amazing the difference it makes. Get your Eliminator here.T-H Marine R2 Marine Innovations
Looking for the Perfect Jerkbait Rod?
Elite Series pro Seth Feider introduces a new jerkbait rod from Daiwa. Feider helped with design of this new offering, its in the Tatula line up so the quality is going to be great at a price you can afford. Follow Seth on his Facebook page.See the full Tatula line up here.
Gerald Sophrer's Favorite Features – Raymarine
We met up with FLW Tour pro Gerald Sophrer in the Raymarine booth at ICAST to talk about a few features of his "E" series units. Find out what separates Raymarine from the rest here. Find out more about Gerald on his Facebook page.See the entire Raymarine line up here.
Ike Talks UA at ICAST 2016
We caught up with Mike Iaconelli in the Under Armour booth in Orlando. Mike was pretty excited to share some of the new gear from UA with us. Follow Mike on his Facebook page. Get the latest Under Armour gear here.
Complete Your Arsenal with DR. Dan's
Heat and sun are a major issue this time of the year all around the country. Skin care is the most often over looked part of being on the water.


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International Edition
July, 27, 2016
About Us
Contact Us
The yen slipped Monday on mounting speculation that the Bank of Japan will ramp up its stimulus program after this week's policy meeting, while U.S. Federal Reserve prepares for its own gathering.
The clunky videocassette recorder is going the way of floppy disks, eight-track tapes and camera film as the world's last manufacturer ends production of the once booming home-video technology.
The Japan launch of "Pokemon Go" on Friday included the game's first partnership with an outside company: fast-food giant McDonald's.
The yen edged lower Friday after a rally in New York sparked by Japan's central bank chief dashing hopes for so-called "helicopter money" stimulus.
The yen on Thursday slid to its lowest level in about six weeks on expectations of fresh stimulus from the Japanese government and central bank, ahead of a European Central Bank meeting later in the day.
Asian stock markets mostly fell Tuesday on profit-taking following a week-long rally but Tokyo headed for a sixth straight gain as a weak yen boosted exporters.
What's helping turn Japanese youngsters into stars on Vine, the Twitter-owned social network devoted to looping, six-second video clips, is the stodginess of this nation's business world.
Japanese stocks led a broad rally on Asian markets Thursday, posting a fourth straight gain as investors took heart from another record close on Wall Street, while the pound rose ahead of a key central bank meeting.
The yen pared some of its losses Wednesday as a Japanese official doused speculation that Tokyo was mulling so-called helicopter money to boost growth.
Tokyo stocks soared again Tuesday to lead another Asia-wide markets rally fueled by hopes of fresh central bank stimulus and following last week's blockbuster U.S. jobs report.


text: AdChoices Terms of Use Privacy Policy Hide TOP 10 Top 10 Better Man TV Actresses: Fall 2013 Share Tweet 0 Shares 3. Ming-Na Wen, Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (ABC, Tuesdays at 8 p.m.) A veteran of various TV series including E.R., Ming-Na (whose name actually means "enlightened") has had a strong career on both the big and small screen. The voice of Disney's Mulan and one of the first woman to bring Street Fighter videogame icon Chun-Li to life (seriously, remember that movie?), Wen is no stranger to roles that require her character to do battle. Not only is she attractive but she has proven she can hold her own in any circumstance. As if you needed another reason to watch S.H.I.E.L.D. Next Page TOP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Comments Share your opinion Your name More Like This Entertainment and Celebrities My Life As An Actor: We Are Men Read More Entertainment and Celebrities Netflix's Post-Play Feature, Real-Life Walter White & More! Read More Top 10 Entertainment Top 10: Italian Talk Show Babes Read More Life Commentary Where Are They Now? <i>Saved By The Bell</i> Read More Life Commentary Where Are They Now? NKOTB Read More Life Commentary Whatever Happened To? The Fresh Prince Cast Read More Around the Web Special Features Guy Gear The Best Watches Under $500 Read More Special Feature The Ultimate Guide To Hooking Up Online Read More


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About TAHC&H
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Home and community support service agencies should review their emergency preparedness and response plans for the Atlantic...
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We stumbled upon this lovely place quite by chance, and I'm so glad we did:)I had seen it in my travel book, and on a previous trip to Marrakech couldn't find it. It is very close to Rue de la Liberte. I had a chocolate hazelnut gateaux, my daughter had a chocolate cup cake and my husband had a raspberry tart,with a café au lait, all delicious and made a yummy change for a light lunch, service very good and very friendly and I intend to go back there on my next trip to the Red City. Highly recommended.
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