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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 9, 2004
|Filing date
|Aug 2, 2001
|Priority date
|Aug 2, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ramesh Subramanian
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (30), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (63), Classifications (25), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to thermal barrier coatings for metal substrates and in particular to a strain tolerant thermal barrier coating for a gas turbine component and a method of manufacturing the same.
It is known that the efficiency of a combustion turbine engine will improve as the firing temperature of the combustion gas is increased. As the firing temperatures increase, the high temperature durability of the components of the turbine must increase correspondingly. Although nickel and cobalt based superalloy materials are now used for components in the hot gas flow path, such as combustor transition pieces and turbine rotating and stationary blades, even these superalloy materials are not capable of surviving long term operation at temperatures sometimes exceeding 1,400 degrees C. In many applications a metal substrate is coated with a ceramic insulating material in order to reduce the service temperature of the underlying metal and to reduce the magnitude of the temperature transients to which the metal is exposed.
Thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems are designed to maximize their adherence to the underlying substrate material and to resist failure when subjected to thermal cycling. The temperature transient that exists across the thickness of a ceramic coating results in differential thermal expansion between the top and bottom portions of the coating. Such differential thermal expansion creates stresses within the coating that can result in the spalling of the coating along one or more planes parallel to the substrate surface. It is known that a more porous coating will generally result in lower stresses than dense coatings. Porous coatings also tend to have improved insulating properties when compared to dense coatings. However, porous coatings will densify during long term operation at high temperature due to diffusion within the ceramic matrix, with such densification being more pronounced in the top (hotter) layer of the coating than in the bottom (cooler) layer proximate the substrate. This difference in densification also creates stresses within the coating that may result in spalling of the coating.
A current state-of-the-art thermal barrier coating is yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The EB-PVD process provides the YSZ coating with a columnar microstructure having sub-micron sized gaps between adjacent columns of YSZ material, as shown for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,998. The gaps between columns of such coatings provide an improved strain tolerance and resistance to thermal shock damage. Alternatively, the YSZ may be applied by an air plasma spray (APS) process. The cost of applying a coating with an APS process is generally less than one half the cost of using an EB-PVD process. However, it is extremely difficult to form a desirable columnar grain structure with the APS process.
It is known to produce a thermal barrier coating having a surface segmentation to improve the thermal shock properties of the coating. U.S. Pat. No. 4,377,371 discloses a ceramic seal device having benign cracks deliberately introduced into a plasma-sprayed ceramic layer. A continuous wave CO2 laser is used to melt a top layer of the ceramic coating. When the melted layer cools and re-solidifies, a plurality of benign micro-cracks are formed in the surface of the coating as a result of shrinkage during the solidification of the molten regions. The thickness of the melted/re-solidified layer is only about 0.005 inch and the benign cracks have a depth of only a few mils. Accordingly, for applications where the operating temperature will extend damaging temperature transients into the coating to a depth greater than a few mils, this technique offers little benefit.
Special control of the deposition process can provide vertical micro-cracks in a layer of TBC material, as taught by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,743,013 and 5,780,171. Such special deposition parameters may place undesirable limitations upon the fabrication process for a particular application.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,457,948 teaches that a TBC may be made more strain tolerant by a post-deposition heat treatment/quenching process which will form a fine network of cracks in the coating. This type of process is generally used to treat a complete component and would not be useful in applications where such cracks are desired on only a portion of a component or where the extent of the cracking needs to be varied in different portions of the component.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,681,616 describes a thick thermal barrier coating having grooves formed therein for enhance strain tolerance. The grooves are formed by a liquid jet technique. Such grooves have a width of about 100-500 microns. While such grooves provide improved stress/strain relief under high temperature conditions, they are not suitable for use on airfoil portions of a turbine engine due to the aerodynamic disturbance caused by the flow of the hot combustion gas over such wide grooves. In addition, the grooves go all the way to the bond coat and this can result in its oxidation and consequently lead to premature failure.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,540 describes the use of a laser to machine an array of discontinuous grooves into the outer surface of a solid lubricant surface layer, such as zinc oxide, to make the lubricant coating strain tolerant. The grooves are formed by using a carbon dioxide laser and have a surface opening size of 0.005 inch, tapering smaller as they extend inward to a depth of about 0.030 inches. Such grooves would not be useful in an airfoil environment, and moreover, the high aspect ratio of depth-to-surface width could result in an undesirable stress concentration at the tip of the groove in high stress applications.
It is known to use laser energy to cut depressions in a ceramic or metallic coating to form a wear resistant abrasive surface. Such a process is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,820 for forming an improved rotary gas seal surface. A laser is used to melt pits in the surface of the coating, with the edges of the pits forming a hard, sharp surface that is able to abrade an opposed wear surface. Such a surface would be very undesirable for an airfoil surface. Similarly, a seal surface is textured by laser cutting in U.S. Pat. No. 5,951,892. The surface produced with this process is also unsuitable for an airfoil application. These patents are concerned with material wear properties of an wear surface, and as such, do not describe processes that would be useful for producing a TBC having improved thermal endurance properties.
Accordingly, an improved thermal barrier coating and method of manufacturing a component having such a thermal barrier coating is needed for very high temperature applications, in particular for the airfoil portions of a combustion turbine engine.
A method of manufacturing a component for use in a high temperature environment is disclosed herein as including the steps of: providing a substrate having a surface; depositing a layer of ceramic insulating material on the substrate surface, the ceramic insulating material deposited to have a first void fraction in a bottom layer proximate the substrate surface and a second void fraction, less than the first void fraction, in a top layer proximate a top surface of the layer of ceramic insulating material; and directing laser energy toward the ceramic insulating material to segment the top surface of the layer of ceramic insulating material. The method may further include controlling the laser energy to form segments in the top surface of the layer of ceramic insulating material separated by gaps of no more than 50 microns or no more than 25 microns. The method may further include controlling the laser energy to form segments in the top surface of the layer of ceramic insulating material separated by gaps having a generally U-shaped bottom geometry.
A device adapted for use in a high temperature environment is described herein as comprising: a substrate having a surface; a layer of ceramic insulating material disposed on the substrate surface, the ceramic insulating material having a first void fraction in a bottom layer proximate the substrate surface and a second void fraction, less than the first void fraction, in a top layer proximate a top surface of the layer of ceramic insulating material; and a plurality of laser-engraved gaps bounding segments in the top surface of the layer of ceramic insulating material. The device may further comprise the gaps having a width at the surface of the layer of ceramic insulating material of no more than 50 microns or no more than 25 microns. The device may further comprises the gaps having a generally U-shaped bottom geometry.
The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when read with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a combustion turbine blade having a substrate material coated with a thermal barrier coating having two distinct layers of porosity, with the top layer being segmented by a plurality of laser-engraved gaps.
FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration of the reduction in stress on the surface of a thermal barrier coating as a function of the width, depth and spacing of segmentation gaps formed in the surface of the coating.
FIG. 3A is a partial cross-section view of a component having a laser-segmented ceramic thermal barrier coating.
FIG. 3B is the component of FIG. 3A and having a layer of bond inhibiting material deposited thereon.
FIG. 3C is the component of FIG. 3B after the bond inhibiting material has been subjected to a thermal heat treatment process.
FIG. 4A is a cross-section view of a gap being cut into a ceramic material by a first pass of a laser having a first focal distance, the gap having a generally V-shaped bottom geometry.
FIG. 4B is the gap of FIG. 4A being subjected to a second pass of laser energy having a focal distance greater than that used in the first pass of FIG. 4A to change the gap bottom geometry to a generally U-shape.
FIG. 1 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a component 10 formed to be used in a very high temperature environment. Component 10 may be, for example, the airfoil section of a combustion turbine blade or vane. Component 10 includes a substrate 12 having a top surface 14 that will be exposed to the high temperature environment. For the embodiment of a combustion turbine blade, the substrate 12 may be a superalloy material such as a nickel or cobalt base superalloy and is typically fabricated by casting and machining. The substrate surface 14 is typically cleaned to remove contamination, such as by aluminum oxide grit blasting, prior to the application of any additional layers of material. A bond coat 16 may be applied to the substrate surface 14 in order to improve the adhesion of a subsequently applied thermal barrier coating and to reduce the oxidation of the underlying substrate 12. Alternatively, the bond coat may be omitted and a thermal barrier coating applied directly onto the substrate surface 14. One common bond coat 16 is an MCrAlY material, where M denotes nickel, cobalt, iron or mixtures thereof, Cr denotes chromium, Al denotes aluminum, and Y denotes yttrium. Another common bond coat 16 is alumina. The bond coat 16 may be applied by any known process, such as sputtering, plasma spray processes, high velocity plasma spray techniques, or electron beam physical vapor deposition.
Next, a ceramic thermal barrier coating 18 is applied over the bond coat 16 or directly onto the substrate surface 14. The thermal barrier coating (TBC) may be a yttria-stabilized zirconia, which includes zirconium oxide ZrO2 with a predetermined concentration of yttrium oxide Y2O3, pyrochlores, or other TBC material known in the art. The TBC is preferably applied using the less expensive air plasma spray technique, although other known deposition processes may be used. In a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the thermal barrier coating includes a first-applied bottom layer 20 and an overlying top layer 22, with at least the density being different between the two layers. Bottom layer 20 has a first density that is less than the density of top layer 22. In one embodiment, bottom layer 20 may have a density that is between 80-95% of the theoretical density, and top layer 22 may have a density that is at least 95% of the theoretical density. The theoretical density is a value that is known in the art or that may be determined by known techniques, such as mercury porosimetry or by visual comparison of photomicrographs of materials of known densities. The porosity and density of a layer of TBC material may be controlled with known manufacturing techniques, such as by including small amounts of void-forming materials such as polyester during the deposition process. The bottom layer 20 provides better thermal insulating properties per unit of thickness than does the top layer 22 as a result of the insulating effect of the pores 24. The bottom layer 20 is also relatively less susceptible to interlaminar failure (spalling) resulting from the temperature difference across the depth of the layer because of the strain tolerance provided by the pores 24 and because of the insulating effect of the top layer 22. The top layer 22 is less susceptible to densification and possible interlaminar failure resulting there from since it contains a relatively low quantity of pores 24, thus limiting the magnitude of the densification effect. The combination of a less dense bottom layer 20 and a more dense top layer 22 provides desirable properties for a high temperature environment. In other embodiments, the density of the thermal barrier coating may be graduated from a higher density proximate the top of the coating to a lower density proximate the bottom of the coating rather than changed at discrete layers.
The dense top layer 22 will have a relatively lower thermal strain tolerance due to its lower pore content. For the very high temperatures of some modern combustion turbine engines, there may be an unacceptable level of interlaminar stress generated in the top layer 22 in its as-deposited condition due to the temperature gradient across the thickness (depth) of that layer. Accordingly, the top layer 22 is segmented to provide additional strain relief in that layer, as illustrated in FIG. 1. A plurality of segments 26 bounded by a plurality of gaps 28 are formed in the top layer 22 by a laser engraving process. The gaps 28 allow the top layer 22 to withstand a large temperature gradient across its thickness without failure, since the expansion/contraction of the material can be at least partially relieved by changes in the gap sizes, which reduces the total stored energy per segment. The gaps 28 may be formed to extend to the full depth of the top layer 22, or to a greater or lesser depth as may be appropriate for a particular application. It is preferred that the gaps do not extend all the way to the bond coat 16 in order to avoid the exposure of the bond coat to the environment of the component 10. The selection of a particular segmentation strategy, including the size and shape of the segments and the depth of the gaps 28, will vary from application to application, but should be selected to result in a level of stress within the thermal barrier coating 18 which is within allowable levels at all depths of the TBC for the predetermined temperature environment. Importantly, the use of laser engraved segmentation permits the TBC to be applied to a depth greater than would otherwise be possible without such segmentation. Current technologies make use of ceramic TBC's with thicknesses of about 12 mils, whereas thicknesses of as much as 50 mils are anticipated with the processes described herein.
Known finite element analysis modeling techniques may be used to select an appropriate segmentation strategy. FIG. 2 illustrates the percentage of stress relief versus the ratio of the gap spacing to the gap depth for a typical TBC system using the following values for the properties of the coating and substrate: Esubstrate=200 GPa, ETBC=40 GPa, gap depth (d)=200 microns, gap centerline spacing (S)=1,000 microns, and coating thickness (D)=300 microns. FIG. 2 illustrates the percentage of stress relief (as a percentage of the stress for a similar component having no segmentation) at a point A on the surface of the TBC coating midway between two gaps as a function of the ratio of gap depth to TBC thickness (d/D) for each of several gap centerline spacing values (S). For example, as can be appreciated by examining the data plotted on FIG. 2, a gap spacing of S=1,000 microns is predicted to produce approximately a 50% reduction in the stress at point A for a gap extending approximately two thirds the depth of the coating.
Laser energy is preferred for engraving the gaps 28 after the thermal barrier coating 18 is deposited. The laser energy is directed toward the TBC top surface 30 in order to heat the material in a localized area to a temperature sufficient to cause vaporization and removal of material to a desired depth. The edges of the TBC material bounding the gaps 28 will exhibit a small re-cast surface where material had been heated to just below the temperature necessary for vaporization. The geometry of the gaps 28 may be controlled by controlling the laser engraving parameters. For turbine airfoil applications, the width of the gap at the surface 30 of the thermal barrier coating 18 may be maintained to be no more than 50 microns, and preferably no more than 25 microns. Such gap sizes will provide the desired mechanical strain relief while having a minimal impact on aerodynamic efficiency. Wider or more narrow gap widths may be selected for particular portions of a component surface, depending upon the sensitivity of the aerodynamic design and the predicted thermal conditions. The laser engraving process provides flexibility in for the component designer in selecting the segmentation strategy most appropriate for any particular area of a component. In higher temperature areas the gap opening width may be made larger than in lower temperature areas. A component may be designed and manufactured to have a different gap spacing (S) in different sections of the same component.
Furthermore, a bond inhibiting material, such as alumina or yttrium aluminum oxide, may be disposed within the gaps on the gap side walls in order to reduce the possibility of the permanent closure of the gaps by sintering during long term high temperature operation. FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate a partial cross-sectional view of a component part 32 of a combustion turbine engine during sequential stages of fabrication. A substrate material 34 is coated with a variable density ceramic thermal barrier coating 36 as described above. A plurality of gaps 38, as shown in FIG. 3A, are formed by laser engraving the surface 40 of the ceramic material. A layer of a bond inhibiting material 42 is deposited on the surface 40 of the ceramic, including into the gaps 38, by any known deposition technique, such as sol gel, CVD, PVD, etc. as shown in FIG. 3B. The amorphous state as-deposited bond inhibiting material 42 is then subjected to a heat treatment process as is known in the art to convert it to a crystalline structure, thereby reducing its volume and resulting in the structure of FIG. 3C. The presence of the bond inhibiting material 42 within the gaps 38 provides improved protection against the sintering of the material and a resulting closure of the gaps 38.
The inventors have found that it is preferred to use a YAG laser for engraving the gaps of the subject invention. A YAG laser has a wavelength of about 1.6 microns and will therefore serve as a finer cutting instrument than would a carbon dioxide laser which has a wavelength of about 10.1 microns. A power level of about 20-200 watts and a beam travel speed of between 5-600 mm/sec have been found to be useful for cutting a typical ceramic thermal barrier coating material. The laser energy is focused on the surface of the coating material using a lens having a focal distance of about 25-240 mm. Typically 2-12 passes across the surface may be used to form the desired depth of a continuous gap. The inventors have found that a generally U-shaped bottom geometry may be formed in the gap by making a second pass with the laser over an existing laser-cut gap, wherein the second pass is made with a wider beam footprint than was used for the first pass. The wider beam footprint may be accomplished by simply moving the laser farther away from the ceramic surface or by using a lens with a longer focal distance. In this manner the energy from the second pass will tend to penetrate less deeply into the ceramic but will heat and evaporate a wider swath of material near the bottom of the gap, thus forming a generally U-shaped bottom geometry rather than a generally V-shaped bottom geometry as may be formed with a first pass. This process is illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. A gap 44 is formed in a layer of ceramic material 46. In FIG. 4A, a first pass of the laser energy 48 having a first focal distance and a first footprint size is used to cut the gap 44. Gap 44 after this pass of laser energy has a generally V-shaped bottom geometry 50. In FIG. 4B, a second pass of laser energy 52 having a second focal distance greater than the first focal distance and a second footprint size greater than the first footprint size is used to widen the bottom of gap 44 into a generally U-shaped bottom geometry 54. The dashed line in FIG. 4B denotes the gap shape from FIG. 4A, and it can be seen that the wider laser beam tends to evaporate material from along the walls of the gap 44 without significantly deepening the gap, thereby giving it a less sharp bottom geometry. The width of the gap 44 at the top surface 56 in FIG. 4A is wider than the width of the beam of laser energy 48 due to the natural convection of heat from the bottom to the top as the gap 44 is formed. Therefore, the width of beam 52 can be made appreciably wider than that of beam 48 without impinging onto the sides of the gap 44 near the top surface 56. Since the energy density of beam 52 is less than that of beam 48, the effect of beam 52 will be to remove more material from the sides of the gap 44 than from the bottom of the gap, thus rounding the bottom geometry somewhat. Such a U-shaped bottom geometry will result in a lower stress concentration at the bottom of the gap 44 than would a generally V-shaped geometry of the same depth.
The bottom geometry of the gap 44 may also be affected by the rate of pulsation of the laser beam 52. It is known that laser energy may be delivered as a continuous beam or as a pulsed beam. The rate of the pulsations may be any desired frequency, for example from 1-20 kHz. Note that this frequency should not be confused with the frequency of the laser light itself. For a given power level, a slower frequency of pulsations will tend to cut deeper into the ceramic material 46 than would the same amount of energy delivered with a faster frequency of pulsations. Accordingly, the rate of pulsations is a variable that may be controlled to affect the shape of the bottom geometry of the gap 44. In one embodiment, the inventors envision a first pass of the laser energy 48 having a first frequency of pulsations being used to cut the gap 44. Gap 44 after this pass of laser energy may have a generally V-shaped bottom geometry 50. A second pass of laser energy 52 having a second frequency of pulsations greater than the first frequency of pulsations is used to widen the bottom of gap 44 into a generally U-shaped bottom geometry 54. The dashed line in FIG. 4B denotes the gap shape from FIG. 4A, and it is expected that the more rapidly pulsed laser beam would tend to evaporate material from along the walls of the gap 44 without a corresponding deepening of the gap, thereby giving the gap a less sharp bottom geometry. The bottom geometry 54 may further be controlled by controlling a combination of laser beam footprint and pulsation frequency, as well as other cutting parameters.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes and substitutions will occur to those of skill in the art without departing from the invention herein. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims
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|Impact resistant thermal barrier coating system
|Nov 28, 2007
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|Segmented ceramic layer for member of gas turbine engine
|Mar 30, 2009
|Jan 31, 2012
|United Technologies Corporation
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|Jan 5, 2007
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|Feb 6, 2009
|Sep 11, 2012
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|Sep 24, 2010
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|Oct 25, 2010
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|Oct 25, 2010
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|Oct 25, 2010
|Jul 29, 2014
|United Technologies Corporation
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|Apr 29, 2005
|Nov 25, 2014
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|Apparatus and method for coating a compressor housing
|Oct 25, 2010
|Jan 20, 2015
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|Low density abradable coating with fine porosity
|Mar 14, 2013
|Aug 11, 2015
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|Method and apparatus for fabrication and repair of thermal barriers
|Dec 30, 2010
|Sep 22, 2015
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|Thermal barrier coatings and methods of application
|Oct 25, 2010
|Oct 27, 2015
|United Technologies Corporation
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|May 7, 2007
|Mar 29, 2016
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|Patterned reduction of surface area for abradability
|Jun 16, 2003
|Feb 5, 2004
|Snecma Moteurs
|Metallic material that can be worn away by abrasion; parts, casings, and a process for producing said material
|Mar 26, 2004
|Sep 29, 2005
|Chun-Ta Chen
|Data distribution method and system
|Oct 18, 2005
|Apr 6, 2006
|Justin Daniel F
|Laser based metal deposition (LBMD) of implant structures
|Oct 4, 2005
|Apr 5, 2007
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|Method of sealing a free edge of a composite material
|Jan 15, 2004
|Apr 19, 2007
|Purusottam Sahoo
|High temperature insulative coating (XTR)
|May 10, 2006
|Aug 30, 2007
|Justin Daniel F
|Laser based metal deposition (LBMD) of implant structures
|Feb 7, 2007
|Feb 7, 2008
|Taylor Thomas A
|Low thermal expansion bondcoats for thermal barrier coatings
|Oct 5, 2006
|Apr 10, 2008
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|Thermal barrier coating system for a turbine airfoil usable in a turbine engine
|Dec 15, 2006
|Jun 19, 2008
|Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
|Impact resistant thermal barrier coating system
|Feb 7, 2008
|Aug 21, 2008
|Prasad Shrikrisnna Apte
|Thermal spray coatings and applications therefor
|Feb 7, 2008
|Aug 21, 2008
|Prasad Shrikrishna Apte
|Thermal spray coatings and applications therefor
|Feb 22, 2007
|Aug 28, 2008
|Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
|Ceramic matrix composite abradable via reduction of surface area
|Dec 1, 2006
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|Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
|High temperature insulation with enhanced abradability
|May 7, 2007
|Nov 13, 2008
|Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
|Patterned reduction of surface area for abradability
|Sep 26, 2008
|Jan 15, 2009
|Kulkarni Anand A
|Segmented thermal barrier coating
|Nov 28, 2007
|May 28, 2009
|Tholen Susan M
|Segmented ceramic layer for member of gas turbine engine
|Apr 29, 2005
|Aug 27, 2009
|Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh
|Apparatus and method for coating a compressor housing
|Nov 12, 2009
|General Electric Company
|Protective coating with high adhesion and articles made therewith
|Jan 28, 2010
|Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
|Method of Forming a Turbine Engine Component Having a Vapor Resistant Layer
|Oct 29, 2007
|Feb 4, 2010
|Marcus Fischer
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|Sep 26, 2008
|Apr 1, 2010
|Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
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|Apr 25, 2007
|Jun 3, 2010
|Strock Christopher W
|Method for improved ceramic coating
|Jan 5, 2007
|Jun 17, 2010
|Thomas Beck
|Method For Producing A Hole
|Jul 8, 2010
|General Electric Company
|Non-Integral Turbine Blade Platforms and Systems
|Feb 6, 2009
|Aug 12, 2010
|General Electric Company
|Ceramic Matrix Composite Turbine Engine
|Sep 30, 2010
|Tholen Susan M
|Gas turbine engine article having columnar microstructure
|Oct 14, 2010
|Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
|Damage tolerant gas turbine component
|May 19, 2011
|Mccall Thomas
|Zoned discontinuous coating for high pressure turbine component
|Dec 15, 2009
|Jun 16, 2011
|United Technologies Corporation
|Plasma application of thermal barrier coatings with reduced thermal conductivity on combustor hardware
|Apr 14, 2009
|Sep 29, 2011
|Feist Joerg Peter
|Thermal barrier coatings and coated components
|Dec 30, 2010
|Jul 5, 2012
|United Technologies Corporation
|Thermal Barrier Coatings and Methods of Application
|Jun 16, 2011
|Dec 20, 2012
|Dierberger James A
|Cell structure thermal barrier coating
|Mar 7, 2013
|Ibiden Co., Ltd.
|Method for cutting honeycomb molded body and method for manufacturing honeycomb structure
|Jan 5, 2007
|Jul 9, 2008
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Component with bevelled grooves in the surface and method for operating a turbine
|Nov 16, 2012
|May 21, 2014
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Modified surface around a hole
|Oct 29, 2007
|Jul 10, 2008
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Component with diagonally extending recesses in the surface and method for operating a turbine
|Nov 5, 2013
|May 22, 2014
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Modified surface around a hole
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 2, 2001
Owner name: SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE POWER CORPORATION, FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SUBRAMANIAN, RAMESH;REEL/FRAME:012052/0388
Effective date: 20010731
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Owner name: SIEMENS POWER GENERATION, INC., FLORIDA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE POWER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:016996/0491
Effective date: 20050801
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Owner name: SIEMENS ENERGY, INC., FLORIDA
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106 reviews | 4.7 out of 5
I researched tv's until I drove my family crazy. I chose this one prior to all the other positive reviews being posted. No regrets. Picture is amazing...sound is incredible (haven't had it past "10" yet). Go for it. I did buy the extended warranty. Shipping was quick and arrived in excellent shape. HEAVY. Pictures are blurry...you get the idea though. The tv stand was also purchased @ walmart.
I was apprehensive originally about buying a 50" TV for less than I paid for a 42" before. I had a Sanyo LCD before and had nothing but problems. I have only had this TV for about 3 weeks (purchased the extended warranty as well) but it's been awesome! We don't plan on upgrading to BluRay anytime soon, so the resolution is perfect (720p). There are quite a few options that allow you to plug in all kinds of stuff. I have the cable box and dvd player run through the HDMI inputs (there are 3) and have my computer plugged into the VGA input as well( there is 1). I have a Gamecube and PS2 plugged in as well but had to get a "splitter" box as there is only 1 AV input. The TV menus are easy to use and it has extraordinary surround sound as well as the automatic volume leveling feature so you don't get blasted by loud commercials. This is an excellent Plasma TV and I would recommend it to anyone. Don't pay the same amount for a smaller TV! Buy the extended warrany just in case...I'm glad I bought it for my Sanyo (R.I.P). The hardest part is waiting for it to arrive at the store and fitting it into your vehicle!
i have just recently purchased the 42 inch of this model for my bedroom and have seen the 50 inch in my friends house. i am a very tech savy person and i can tell you that for the price these tvs are very nice if they will last the time. however my father has a pn63c7000 series from samsung and there is no comparison so you will not get the best picture from this plasma. but for a ticket price of 550, very good deal. i see on here a customer put that plasma tvs need to be recharged every three years or so. this is a total myth first of all there is no such procedure second of all if you look up specs of new plasma tvs they will last 100,000 hours. do the math at five hours a day that is over 50 years. i can not show u specific specs for this model but do some research on lcd-led vs plasma, you will learn all you need to know. in short plasma will give you a better picture in a controlled lighting environment. however if there is alot of light in your room you might want to go with lcd because the glare on plasma is much worse. i hope this helps and again for the money you get a good deal here.
We've been looking for a good deal on a plasma television for quite a long time. We went to all the large electronic chains and looked online also. As a regular Walmart customer, I came across the Element 50" Plasma television while shopping online. The price was really good as were the customer reviews. I was still a little hesitant about buying a television without seeing the picture quality first. I received the television today, and the picture quality is unbelievably good. It is incredible to be honest! The sound is superb also. After looking at a lot of televisions, this TV has better picture quality then televisions costing over twice as much. I would recommend this television to anyone! You will love it!
While hunting for a new 50" there were so many options and just happened across this item and was hesitant because of the reviews of Plasma vs. LCD. Well let me tell you this item arrived quickly site to store only 3 days to deliver. The picture and sound is amazing, I wanted to install my home theater but WOW the audio really is fabulous. I am so proud of this choice and the price is right I'm thinking about getting another. Definitely recommended to other Walmarters :)
Order this tv online and it arrived fairly quick. The Tv has Good picture quality and sound. I'd recommend this tv for sure.
I was amazed at how easy it was to order and pick up this television. This was an amazing value. The television has excellent quality and my husband LOVES it. I feel this is an excellent buy and better quality than many other televisions I looked at that were double the price.
I have been shopping for a big screen HDTV for over a year. I've seen and priced them all. When this TV was featured by Walmart this Christmas season, I decided to buy it based on the customer reviews and price. No buyer's remorse here. I love this TV. It has an awesome picture and more features than I will ever use. I added a home theater sound system. One problem.....I can't pull myself away from the TV now. You won't find a better deal than this one!
We are glad we bought a Plasma instead of an LCD. We don't like to be forced to sit square on in front of the tv. When we have company everyone can watch the movie without a loss of picture, even from the side. We didn't mount it on the wall. We put it on an old sturdy tv stand (from our old super heavy 36" regular tv) that has a turntable base so it can be turned easily without worrying the tv will fall. I agree you should get the extended warranty. I know it's a money maker for the dealer, but it's worth it as electronics are more likely to break down within a few years compared to other products.
I bought the 50" Element TV based on the reviews of other customers. People seemed to like it but for the money, I did not expect much. I was wrong! The picture is fantastic and the sound and features were way above expectations. We have had the television on almost everyday for over a month and it has been consistently great. We are very happy and would recommend this TV to everyone who wants a large television, but has a small budget.
I was discouraged that it took so long to arrive to my home. It took almost 2 weeks! I never heard of Element tvs but this one has a good picture quality although sometimes it looks blurry. I dislike the controller that comes with it since its giving me problems. Sometimes it doesn't function well. The tv does not have plug ins for your games or dvd player on the side like other tvs (for easy access). It just has one in the back. And it takes about 10 seconds to turn on. All in all, its a decent plasma that you can view from all angles and for the price.
Great 50" TV. Love it. I watch Alabama Football game on it ,super!!!
Got this TV delivered a LOT quicker than the website estimated it to be. It is heavy, by the way. Got it set up. All looked good, except there was a black line down the center of the screen when it first was turned on. The line did not go away, but was less noticeable when the screen changed... I can see how the picture would be SUPER, without the black line. I noticed a lot of other buyers of the 55" complained about a black line. Oh well. The hookup features are OKAY, basically standard for today's televisions. Also, I believe that the display was actually about 1/2 to 1/4 inch short of 50 inches. The screen is bigger than 50 inches, but the display of the screen is not quite that big.
I just wanted to let folks know that this is probably the most bang for your buck TV out there. I bought mine for 519.00 shipped to my front door! Can you say BARGAIN! I have a 42 inch Panasonic, and a 32 inch Sony, I like the Element the best out of my three. The picture is great, sound is great. I use an Onkyo home theatre system I got with the TV for 250 for sound and that is an amazing item as well for the money. The pic is great at 720 and if you are one of those folks who heard you need 1080, when you are watching an HD channel I bet you couldn't tell the difference between them so dont let that be an issue. My Panasonic is 1080 and I think the Element looks better. It's great all around and alot of TV for the price. As long as it holds up a few years then it will go down as the best I have owned and one of the best bargains.
I am writing about the Element 42 inch 720p plasma that I bought for $379 and had delivered to my house, free shipping. Compared to the Vizio 32", Samsung 46" and Toshiba 32" LCDs I already have, this is a very good television. The picture is not quite as crisp as the Toshiba, and the colors are not quite as natural as the Vizio, but it is still a very good tv at a much lower price than I paid for any of the others. My Samsung 46" cost me $1800 and the picture is not appreciably better than the Element. And what a difference in price. Overall, once I adjusted the picture I find that the Element is nearly as good as any of my "name brand" tvs and much better than the Best Buy Insignia LCD I bought two years ago, which is the worst of the lot. Since I use it in my bedroom mostly at night, the higher reflectivity of the plasma screen is not a problem for me. Sports are great on this tv, but I use it mostly with my new $99 apple tv, streaming Netflix from my computer. Much better picture than comcast cable. The only thing that gives the Element away as a "cheap" tv is the plasticky bargain bin remote. I did buy the extended warranty for the Element, just in case .....
After spending months (and by months I mean the better part of a year) I finally said to heck with it and picked up this model. Several sales at BB and Ultimate came and went. Basically it all depends on what you are looking for and what matters most for the prices you see. For me, this model meets everything I truly wanted in a tv and the price could not be beaten for comparable models from elsewhere. Very few reviews I came across in all this time have been much older than just a couple months. Mine is just at a month since purchase and I haven't had a bit of a problem. I can't speak to longevity with this unit, but if it is even close to the distance I have gotten so far out of my Emerson 32" from 2005 (Still works like it's just out of the box.) I will feel like I got my money's worth.
This is an unbeatable price, and the quality is more than expected for the price. Easy set up, easy to use, great picture, all the hook ups easy to get to, easy to set up. I would buy another if I needed another!
We ordered this Element 50" TV online on Thanksgiving w/ free shipping to home. Walmart uses a lousy shipping company for some reason!! The TV arrived shattered due to poor packaging and extremely poor handling by the shipper. I called Walmart and they sent a replacement right away. Unlike the new LED's, this TV is real heavy and requires 2 people to carry. Set up was like a charm; straight forward. The picture is crystal clear and on HD it looks even better than my friend's 46" LED LCD Samsung which he paid over a $1000 for. The sound is very nice and the surround sound option makes even better. We had a 37" before that we gave to our son. Let me tell you, 50" is way big and you better have a large living room as this will be your private movie theater from now on.
This TV is an excellent value with great picture quality and very good sound, would definitely buy again.
This is a great tv for an exceptional price. I bought a Panasonic plasma ($3200) like this 3 years ago and I can't tell the difference between the two. Too many people get caught up in plasma vs. LCD or 720p vs. 1080p etc. but truth be known most people couldn't tell one from the other if they didn't know the specs! Some people are scared of "burn in" but that is very unlikely if you turn your tv off before you leave the house. You could pay more but you won't get more bang for your buck. I also purchased the 3 year warranty so I have 4 years of warranty total due to Element's one year. I would highly recommend this tv.


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I understand this is related to the EBCM. Dealer tells me in excess of $1300 to replace. Read other blogs about some potential fixes. Trying to gather as much DIY info I can before shelling out the big bucks only to find it was some simple fix. Any and all suggestions appreciated. Thanks..Lee
My brake light and ABS light recently started coming on itermittently. on 2005 GMC Safari
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Clinical-Style Validation, Regulation, and Quality Control...
Co-Sourcing Improves Pharmaceutical Laboratory Productivity
Keep the Opportunities, Lose the Opportunists
Researchers Now Have a Myriad of...
La Jolla Pharmaceutical acquired global development and commercialization rights to Solana Therapeutics' inhibitor of galectin-3, GCS-100. Galectin-3 has been implicated in cancer and chronic organ failure.
GCS-100's ongoing development as an anticancer and antifibrotic agent is supported by preclinical and clinical investigation including Phase I and Phase II trials involving more than 140 patients. Experimental results to date indicate that GCS-100 specifically inhibits galectin-3 in immune cells and confers anticancer activity in several tumor types.
Galectin-3 plays a key role in the immune system's response to cancer and tissue injury. Investigators at the Ludwig Cancer Institute have reportedly shown that galectin-3 inhibits the activity of cancer-killing T cells and that pharmacologically blocking galectin-3 with GCS-100 reactivates these T cells. In addition, a number of other academic studies have concluded that galectin-3 is a mediator of fibrosis after heart, kidney, lung, and liver injury.
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MDMA (commonly known as the empathogen "ecstasy") is classified as a Schedule 1 drug, which is reserved for compounds with no accepted medical use and a high abuse potential. Two researchers from Stanford, however, call for a rigorous scientific exploration of MDMA's effects to identify precisely how the drug works, the data from which could be used to develop therapeutic compounds.Do you agree that ecstasy should be studied for its potential therapeutic benefits?
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Accessories that you should place in the habitat include rocks, logs, cork bark, commercial reptile shelters, and other items for hiding spots, nontoxic plants, and moss. Moss is not necessary, but it will help to keep the humidity level high. Just be sure to leave some of the substrate uncovered so your scorpions can create burrows in it.
Because they are nocturnal, Emperor Scorpions should be fed at night. Feed them every other day, and start out by giving each one or two crickets at a time. If you house multiple scorpions in the same enclosure, be sure to put plenty of food in at once so they don't fight over it. All food should be dusted with a calcium and vitamin supplement.
Though an Emperor Scorpion's venom is not toxic to humans, we do not recommend handling them. Their venom is contained within the telson (stinger). Excessive handling is not only stressful for the scorpions, but it can be dangerous for you if you are allergic to their venom. An allergic reaction can cause difficulty breathing, excessive swelling, or prolonged pain, in any case you should seek medical attention.
The scorpion's claws can also be dangerous as they are very strong and can draw blood when pinched. If you have to move the scorpion, wear gloves or use forceps.
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Peabody Awards
Some events stand forever as markers in both the histories and the memories of nations. Such an event is the 1968 massacre of civilians in the village of My Lai, Vietnam, a slaughter carried out by United States soldiers. With such events it is sometimes assumed that we know everything we need to know, have seen what it is necessary to see, have heard all those who might speak. This documentary proves such assumptions wrong. Here we have more details, more film, more voices than have been previously collected in one presentation. We see and hear, for the first time on film, members of the unit that killed 507 unarmed men, women and children. We also hear and see survivors of that terrible day and the man who prosecuted the officer, Lt. William Calley, held responsible. This accumulated testimony, these personal accounts, serve to intensify the sense of bewilderment that accompanies any retelling of the My Lai story. It reveals anguish, suffering, rationalization, blame and the placing of blame. It well may be that there will never be an "explanation" for My Lai, but for assuring that even those who have no living memory of that event will not now be able to forget it, a Peabody Award is presented to "American Experience: My Lai."


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|"David Crossley (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Closed: (FOR-818) The forrestbot deploy.scp should use the "keyfile" parameter of the Ant "scp" task
|Mon, 27 Feb 2006 07:52:55 GMT
[ http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FOR-818?page=all ] David Crossley closed FOR-818: ------------------------------ Fix Version: 0.8-dev 0.7 Resolution: Fixed Assign To: (was: David Crossley) Fixed in both trunk and in forrest_07_branch. However did not use the patches supplied by Clay, thanks anyway. > The forrestbot deploy.scp should use the "keyfile" parameter of the Ant "scp" task > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: FOR-818 > URL: http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FOR-818 > Project: Forrest > Type: Bug > Components: Forrestbot > Reporter: David Crossley > Fix For: 0.7, 0.8-dev > Attachments: PATCH-0.7.scp-deploy.xml, PATCH-TRUNK.scp-deploy.xml > > The deploy.scp workstage currently only uses the "password of remote user" method of scp. Should preferably use the key-based authentication. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - If you think it was sent incorrectly contact one of the administrators: http://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/Administrators.jspa - For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
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Klonopin - What are the symptons of benzo withdraw?
- Posted:
- 9 Dec 2011 by runningontime
- Topics:
- klonopin, benzodiazepine withdrawal
Answers (2)
9 Dec 2011
Some Klonopin withdrawal symptoms can include: Hallucinations; Memory loss; Panic attacks; Seizures; Fever; Anxiety; Personality changes; Sensitivity to sound or light; Numbness or tingling; Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; A rapid heartbeat (tachycardia); Heart palpitations; Tension; Depression; Insomnia; Restlessness or irritability; Confusion; Sweating; Dizziness.
Despite their many beneficial effects, benzodiazepines have the potential for abuse and should be used only as prescribed. Additionally, they should be prescribed only by a legitimate healthcare professional that has seen you in person.
During the first few days of taking a benzodiazepine like Klonopin, people usually feel sleepy and uncoordinated. However, as the body becomes accustomed to the effects of the drug, these feelings begin to disappear. If a person uses these drugs long-term, the body will develop a tolerance for the drugs, and larger doses will be needed to achieve the same initial effects. Continued use can lead to physical dependence and when use is reduced or stopped, a withdrawal can occur.
Because Klonopin works by slowing the brain's activity, when an individual stops taking this medicine, the brain's activity can rebound and race out of control, potentially leading to seizures and other harmful consequences. Although withdrawal from Klonopin can be problematic, it is rarely life-threatening. Therefore, someone who is thinking about stopping Klonopin therapy or who is experiencing a withdrawal from Klonopin should speak with a physician or seek medical treatment.
Take care, best wishes!
Further Information
- Klonopin Information for Consumers
- Klonopin Information for Healthcare Professionals (includes dosage details)
- Side Effects of Klonopin (detailed)
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Alison is a great Lawyer, I hired her to take my brothers case and did an awesome job, very intelligent and knowledgeable very wise person and sure knows what she is doing. She did a great job representing my brother while facing a deportation, she made him stay here and know thanks to her wonderful help he is a citizen. Also hired her about four years ago to take my mothers case due to the amazing. Job she did previously we were all very satisfied, and would defenetly recommend her she is absolutely the best.
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Best lawyer i have ever met.
Alison is very helpful and friendly person. I would recommend to anyone who is looking for a legal help.


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I have a problem with SharedPrefences and initializations.
My application has a login where you insert an user, and for that user, you have a specific preferences... so, I need to save preferences according to the user to load it later.
I though that SharedPrefences would be the solution, and it really is I think, but I have a problem to initialize they: I have an Activity class called Options. It has static functions that returns the value of the options... but I have a problem, I call that functions before I have create that activity (intent), so I think that the functions are returning the last value that the last user has selected on the options...
How can I load the options before that calls?
I though to use first of all an Intent sending extra data with the user and in onCreate() of the Options, initialize they, but if I make an intent, then the Options will appear (xml will load).
Any help pls?


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The Baytown Outlaws
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Eva Langoria and Billy Bob Thornton star in this action-packed film. After Celeste's ex-husband, Carlos, shoots her it's time to play dirty. In the fight for her godson, Rob, she hires three outlawed and redneck brothers to bring him back to her. But nothing can be that simple in the South. What begins as a small rescue mission rises to a Southern battle royale. This odd team must shoot their way through gorgeous female assassins, Native American hunters, federal agents and a whole lot of metal coming after them, while protecting Celeste's child.
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Articles tagged vincente minnelli
18 Aug 2011 // 10:00 PM
Today runs the gamut. Hollywood to indie art house, female perspective to male, screwball comedy to chamber drama. The odyssey from Ernst Lubitsch to Vincente Minnelli will provide illumination on how film's first special effects were used, how two brothers presciently preceded reality TV in the Hamptons, and why some directors prefer to work about once a decade on average...READ more
25 Mar 2010 // 10:00 PM
- //Film
- //Features
- //By the Book
It was Judy Garland's affinity for the absurd that triggered Vincent Minelli's idea for a film version of The Pirate, a rakish story that would employ Garland, Gene Kelly, and a very strange song composed by Cole Porter.READ more
12 May 2009 // 9:59 PM
This biography, which too often skips over Minnelli's personal life, offers little more than wooden, uninspired analyses of the director's 30-plus films.READ more
1 Jan 1995 // 1:03 AM
PULL.READ more
The Stray Birds "Sabrina" (audio) (premiere) // Music
The Bourgeois "Summer of George" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Bad Graphics Are Still Impressive in 'Spirits of Xanadu'
// Moving Pixels
"Spirits of Xanadu wrings emotion and style out of its low fidelity graphics.READ the article


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"Great book"
I am only 12 years old and my friend recommended this book to me. The end was a little sudden but otherwise I loved this book. I recommend it for 10 and older to fully understand the concept.
"awesome cool boring exciting crazy"
Such a good book at the end I was crying.And I had left my book at school and we are reading it in class and so I just listened to it on here and now I am ahead of everyone in my 6th grade class.
" Childhood love"
The first time I read this book I was in grade school and now, years later at the age of 25 almost 26 I find that I love this book just as much now as I had then. I has changed my perception of life and value the freedoms and choices I have today.
"Music in production distracting!"
I liked the book overall, and I thought the performance of the one telling the story was great, but I hated the music that was played randomly. It was very distracting and took away from what was going on in the story instead of enhancing it, which I'm sure was the point. I disliked it so much that I am hoping to find a different director for the next book.
"The giver"
It is a little crazy!Not normal at all.It was interesting. Really deep, and very good detail.
"Good story."
Eleven year old son enjoyed the story and the performance but he thought it was "a little dull at times". Dealt with the topic of euthanasia in an interesting way.
"Why so much music??"
This is a great story. It is timeless. The engagement was ruined every time the music started playing. To say more would be redundant. If there is another version of this audiobook get it instead.
"The Giver"
I am 11 and I am bad at summaries but this book really hooked me.
The one thing that hooked me the most was whenever Jonas took gave with him.
"Weird mouth noises"
I guess that happens often but the noises r usally cut out anyway this was a class assignment so I wanted to


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All season I've wondered what horrors and godless crimes JJ has been perpetrating against his fellow man (and by that I mean primarily his wives). TV Guide released a spoiler before the season began that JJ and Wanda's parents are brother and sister - a revelation never made explicitly clear in the season to my knowledge. Because of it, though, I was hunting for incest at every turn - only to be so completely reviled by the true revelation that the Middlesex-esque marital ties were nothing compared to JJ's dreams of an incestuous "Gattaca." Remember kids: "How can there be incest when there is no intercourse?"
So besides Nicki almost carrying the baby comprised of her ex-husband/step-father's sperm and their daughter/sister's egg, and her mother carrying the child of her husband/son-in-law and his sister Wanda, what else is new around Juniper Creek these days? You mean like when Alby quietly takes a blood atonement from Lura's cheek before he ripped down the wallpaper of the Prophet's office in a grief-stricken rage over the suicide of his secret homosexual lover?
Let's get off the crazy train for a moment, even though I know you're still thinking about the rumored graveyards of monster babies. Just reread that sentence, then purge it from your mind. There's high drama that needs to be unraveled with the Henrickson clan.
Ever since the advent of the new title sequence, careful viewers have been looking closely to see how and if the Henrickson's would fall apart. In the first three seasons they were metaphorically skating on thin ice, but only now have they fallen into outer darkness. Alone. Oddly, the couple who looks the most stable by the end of the season is Nicki and Bill. And though all three wives appeared on stage beside Bill during his controversial decision to "come out" as a public polygamist (in another desperate attempt to justify and normalize his life choices) in a red-white-and-blue vision of a twisted America, each looked out with uncertainty towards the crowd and their future. Barb told Bill clearly that she wants a different life: "I've needed you for 20 years ... I don't think I need you anymore." Margene is one step away from her own polygamous relationship with Goren and Ana. And Nicki? Well, Nicki cut off her braid! Anything is possible!
And what of Bill's journey this season? As the wives have (for the most part) spiraled away from him, where is he being projected? The return of Don and his son reminded us about how Bill made him take the fall at Home Plus, just another casualty on the way to Bill's vision of personal redemption. (As he admits to Barb, he feels he's gone off the tracks with her as well as Don and Ben. "Stepping into the light is the only way I know how to redeem myself." A shaky prospect at best). Because Bill ended last season with a crisis of faith in which he cannot seem to find support or proper justification in the LDS church nor the FLDS for the principle on which he has chosen to base his life, he has turned from church to state, and the results seem to have taken him into a cold and cruel secular world.
As I mentioned lat week, "Big Love has" been renewed for another season (of 10 episodes instead of this strange, truncated 9-episode season). In sports terms I would call this past season a "rebuilding" year. It wasn't great, but it setup a plethora of potential storylines to take us into the next year. Will everyone move into the Big House? Will none of them, or some permutation? Is Alby losing his mind, and control of Juniper Creek? Did JJ really burn up in those hell fires Adaleen set for him? Per usual, "Big Love" has ended with more questions than answers. Let's just hope next season's answers get back to basics.
Musings and Miscellanea:
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@ 1msluckie How do you know he didn't ask? How do you know she started…
He didn't ask for any of this. She took it upon herself to start this…
Not a huge fan of the ankle cuff sneakers that Serena (and KD) are wearing…
Kind of strange that some random lady started a GoFundMe for that kid. I'm curious…
Can Tim Lee get any more pitiful?


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LondonUnited Kingdom
March 11, 2012
Earl Grey and Tea for two.
I am practising until I get it right.
I would certainly like to get up there and perform a piece or two.
I rhyme most of the time but sometimes I don't..Influenced by life how it is,how it was,and how it should be...My poetry is either inspired by love,fear,homelessness,drugs or the art of dreaming and anything else that touches on anything else.
Some great talent at the open mic and plenty of spots available.
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Definition of race relations in English:
race relations
plural noun
Relations between members or communities of different races within one country: the unhappy tale of race relations in the USA [as modifier]: race relations laws
More example sentences
- These athletes have done more for racial harmony than all the members of the race relations board put together.
- The event at the town's Punjabi Community Centre marked a gathering of groups involved in race relations in the town.
- The parallels between race relations and gender relations are sometimes surprising.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: race re|la¦tions
Definition of race relations in:
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= trending


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Here's Ish and Perkachu. They gunna' catch 'em all!
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L&T Finance Prices IPO at 52 Rupees Per Share
MUMBAI--L&T Finance Holdings Ltd. Saturday priced its initial share sale at 52 rupees ($1.18) per share, toward the bottom end of its indicative price band in India's largest initial public offering so far this year.
The 12.45 billion rupees initial public offering closed on Friday and was subscribed 5.34 times, stock-exchange data showed, indicating a revival in a previously moribund equity deal market.
The non-bank lending arm of Larsen & Toubro Ltd. had expected to sell 214.51 million shares in a range between 51 rupees and 59 rupees a share. It said the IPO attracted over 600,000 applications.
"We are happy with the demand that the issue generated amongst all categories of investors, particularly given the market volatility," said Y.M. Deosthalee, chairman of L&T Finance Holdings.
L&T Finance Holdings received bids for 1.144 billion shares, data on the National Stock Exchange showed.
The portion reserved for institutions was subscribed 1.93 times, while that for wealthy investors was taken up 6.18 times. The part reserved for retail investors was covered 9.61 times, exchange data showed.
JM Financial Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Citigroup Global Markets India Pvt. Ltd., HSBC Securities and Capital Markets India Pvt Ltd., Barclays Securities (India) Pvt. Ltd., Credit Suisse Securities (India) Pvt. Ltd., and Equirus Capital Pvt Ltd. are managing the L&T Finance issue.
The IPO is being keenly watched as a barometer of primary share market appetite in a year where volatile markets have resulted in a sharp drop in share deals.
The share sale is also an important part of Larsen & Toubro's plan to spin off some of its non-core businesses into self-sustaining units with independent access to capital markets.


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Posts Tagged 'Ben Siecinski'
On This Day … 17 June
1914 – Clementine KESSLER (24) married Anthony KLINKHAMMER (23) in Detroit, Michigan 102 years ago. (1st cousin 3x removed -m)
1922 – John PACEY died 94 years ago in Lincolnshire, England when he was 77 years old. (husband of Charlotte ROBINSON, 1st cousin 4x removed -p)
1924 – Teresa KWART (20) married John LAMPARSKI (30) in Detroit, Michigan 92 years ago. (1st cousin 3x removed -p)
1930 – Paul KLEBBA Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan 86 years ago to Paul Klebba & Mary DERRO. (2nd cousin 2x removed -m)
1932 – Alice HALLMAN (20) married Ben SIECINSKI (25) in Detroit, Michigan 84 years ago. (1st cousin 2x removed -p)
1936 – Edmund SCHULTE died 80 years ago in Detroit, Michigan at 47 years old. (great-grandfather -m)
1986 – Theresa CIESINSKI Czarnik died 30 years ago in Monroe, Michigan when she was 79 years old. (2nd cousin 2x removed -p)
If you have information about any of these people or if you would like more information, please contact me!
On This Day … 3 February
1852 – Joshua GARLICK died 164 years ago in Lockport, Illinois at 52 years old. (4th great-grandfather -p)
1910 – Casmere HALLMAN was born 106 years ago in Presque Isle, Michigan to Joseph Hallman & Dorothy DURECKI. (1st cousin 2x removed -p)
1945 – David HALLMAN (28) married Helen BURNS (21) in Detroit, Michigan 71 years ago. (1st cousin 2x removed -p)
1976 – Ben SIECINSKI died 40 years ago in Southfield, Michigan at 68 years old. (husband of Alice HALLMAN, 1st cousin 2x removed -p)
If you have information about any of these people or if you would like more information, please contact me!


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Parken National Stadium Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
AP Photo / Polfoto / Tariq Mikkel Khan
May 14, 2013 |
Patti Scialfa, and the Seeger Sessions Band get things started, during the band's first rehearsal show at Asbury Park's Convention Hall in New Jersey. AP Photo
April 20, 2006 |
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For Women Who Want The Ballerific Life!
Evelyn Lozada recently sat down with Vibe Vixen to get down deep and personal regarding how she makes herself feel beautiful, how her daughter handled the situation between her and Chad and what prompted her to 'Fix Her Life' with Iyanla. Here are a few excerpts from the interview. You can read the rest at VibeVixen.com
Unlike the public, she [your daughter] personally experienced what you went through with Chad. What was that like?
She has truly been my rock through all of this. She's been with me since the day of, and for three months, we were together. I was having anxiety, so I slept next to her; we were connected at the hips. She stepped up to do things that I mentally didn't want to do. Whether it was running errands or whatever, she held it down. I was a little gone because it was traumatic for me.
Of course. But it led to your talk with Iyanla. The timing of it seemed both essential and brilliant.
Because of all the controversy with the show. She was one of the first people to reach out. Granted, I didn't even want to talk about it, but I had to sit with Iyanla. I knew that even though she was going to be tough with me, she was going to try and figure out why I accepted [Chad's behavior].
People still wonder how much her words changed your life.
I'm still going through the healing process. After I did that interview, I never talked about [the abuse] ever again. But I do reality TV; not talking about it doesn't make sense. When we started filming [Basketball Wives] again, I started talking about it. I'm very emotional probably every episode because I'm dealing and filming and going through my healing process at the same time.
Folks are anticipating a new Ev on this upcoming season.
I had people saying, "Stay the same. I need to see all that feistiness." I'm still going to have my little quotes; this is just who Evelyn is. And at the same time, I need to learn to handle certain situations. But if somebody is coming at me, I'm going to protect myself. It's not like I'm going to be super perfect because I was on Iyanla and now I'm Mother Mary, because that's not what it is. But at the same time, instead of going from zero to 1,000, let's really think before we speak and not get physical. I just have to remind myself of that. It's a daily thing for me because sometimes you're tested.
And people are watching so much more intently now. That said, do you see yourself ever wholeheartedly loving or caring for Chad again? In such a public way…
We don't speak. This is best for the both of us right now. But I think that we've gotten some kind of closure. I will forever love Chad and care about him and wish him the best. I don't have one bitter bone in my body about what happened. For me to be able to move on with my life and find love again, I can't hold on to that baggage. I pray about it every day; I pray for him every day. I hope when he finds whoever he's with next, he chooses to do things differently.
You and Chad met on Twitter. Would you ever do that again?
I'm not opposed to it, but I'm definitely doing a background check on you!
n about five years, where do you want to see your beauty brand in competition to others?
I'm working on my clothing line, so I envision so many things. Kind of like what J. Lo did. She's done so many great things. If I could take a page out of her book, I'm good.
And when the reality TV wave passes?
I would love to do production, turning my book into TV features and continue to work in fashion. I want my brands to be big. Global status.
Views: 1047
If she did a background check on Chad before they had sex, what would she of found?? He was like the cleanest athlete in the NFL and still beat her ass...... At her status, she shouldn't be meeting dudes on twitter.Period. Ol' thirsty bish.
It's 2013, people are meeting folks off of Twitter and Instagram everyday. You'd be surprised the # of Ballers/Celebs I've met that way.
@ MIS-That was more than 10 years ago and he paid his debt...I am not holding something against someone from 10+ years ago, especially if he didn't do anything since then, soooo..@E8-I know people meet their ballers on IG, Twitter & FB all the time. There was a fine ass baller that start following me on IG before I got rid of it. It makes me uncomfortable & I will never be able to take a dude serious, because if I meet a dude on Social sites no telling how many chicks he got on these sites all over the internet & I don't like that. I don't like athletes/rappers anyways and I'm not a college chick, so it's just not an ideal situation for a grown woman to meet a man. In MY opinion. It's the equivalent to a virtual dance club...nah.
It's a good example for me though. If someone only did community service for something that didn't involve murder/rape and were in a successful career, a decade has passed with no incidents, and I was in LOVE with them; I wouldn't hold his past against them, because in that particular time they have changed. If someone judged me for something I did in college, I would think they were awful people. But I guess it's good that there are people out there that give folks 2nd/3rd chances. **disclaimer** I don't agree with abuse or what he's done, but I also don't agree with putting people under judgments for the rest of their lives.
I'm with you too SoLuscious. I love this calmer person she is now. I'm happy that she took some time to work on her internal beauty, and it is obviously shining on the outside. I just can't get with her tho. And I agree with babydoll too. As I woman, I wouldn't be trying to meet celebrities (to potentially date) on Twitter of I were a celebrity as well.....lol...that's like soooooo thirsty to me, but I can see how it can happen, I guess.
I am with SoLuscious and Love. Evelyn is talking a very good game but show me instead of tell me. I truly want Evelyn to get her life together personally but professionally she isn't qualified or talented enough to 'take a page out of J.Lo's book'. Finally, I agree with Babydoll. With MTV Catfish, I wouldn't meet people off of Twitter, Facebook, Instagram. Face to Face is always the best.


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Baby Boy
Features of This Trackelectronica roots
danceable beats
unsyncopated ensemble rhythms
a smooth female vocal
a repetitive chorus
the use of chordal patterning
use of tonal harmonies
dry snare
a tight kick sound
a slow moving bass line
mellow piano timbre
use of strings
subtle use of pianos
extensive studio production
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Top Definition
A unusually bad situation or state of affairs from being fucked/messed/raped over in the worst possible way.
Act of being fuckufied.
Act of being fuckufied.
Farming out too many jobs over seas was the fuckufication of any country with a bad economy.
by Panthera Atrox January 24, 2011
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In 2014 the US Missile Defense Agency (MDA) announced that four sites would be studied for the potential location of an East Coast missile defense site.
Download "The Liaison" for June 2016
In practice, sustainability involves balancing economic, environmental, and social-cultural issues so as not to advance one area at the expense of the other two.
WATERTOWN, NY, March 4, 2015 – Fort Drum's annual economic impact statement, released earlier this month, reported that $1.3 billion was spent in the three-county region in 2014.
The ribbon cutting ceremony for the Honor the Mountain monument at Tower Square in Thompson Park was held on Friday, July 1, 2016.
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57 vehicles matched;
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Listed by Garage Kept Motors
If you're the market for chrome, horsepower, and a one-of-a-kind driving experience, look no further than this awesome 1923 Ford
Listed by Private Seller
Engine;CHEVY 358 .Transmission 350 Turbo.New Summit Heads.Glass body,Fabric interior..M.T.tires .Aluminum wheels.6"drop tube axle .9" Ford rear end.Coil over
Listed by Gateway Classic Cars
For sale in our St. Louis showroom is a freshly built 1923 Ford T Bucket. Just over one mile has
Listed by Volo Auto Museum
Henry made a million of them and everybody loves them. The infamous Ford Model T Touring. This one
Listed by Motorsport Auction Group (Auction)
1922 Ford Model T Bucket street rod. Small block Chevy motor. Automatic trans. Chrome rear end. Chrome front drop tube axle. Disc brakes up front. Wire
Listed by Private Seller
1923 T-Bucket, Just finished it everything is new. 5 miles on odometer. No expense spared. CCR Chassis, Lots of Chrome.
Listed by Cityview Classic Cars
1923 Model T-Bucket Roadster Well Built high quality construction. Show quality paint Lots of chrome 350 Chevy 4 Bolt main
Listed by Sabeti Motors
Custom Wheels, Front Disc Brakes, Tachometer, Bench Seats, Leather Seats
Listed by Classical Gas Enterprises
1923 Ford Custom T Bucket
When it comes to old street rods you are going to have
Listed by Volo Auto Museum
Wonderful woodwork on this custom built Model T Huckster. The engine was recently rebuilt and a Ruckstell Two Speed


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ViewSonic launches View Show VPD500 and VPD400 PMPs
ViewSonic has launched two new portable media players in Taiwan, the View Show VPD500 and VPD400. Both are intended for video on the go and with a native screen resolution of 800 x 480 pixels, they offer some of the highest resolution displays on the market for this type of device.
The VPD500 has a 5-inch display and it comes with 16GB of internal memory, while the VPD400 has a 4.3-inch display and 8GB of memory.
Both models also feature a micro SDHC card slot for memory expansion up to an additional 32GB. The battery is said to be good for up to 4 hours of video viewing or 15 hours of music playback.
ViewSonic has also added component video output which allows you to you to watch videos at 720p resolution on your TV. Files are copied over USB from your Mac or PC onto the View Show devices.
In terms of file format support, ViewSonic has managed to cover most common formats, as you can watch AVI, Real Media, FLV, MOV, DAT (DVD), MPEG 1/2/4, VOB, DivX and H.264 files on the View Show. It also supports MP3, WMA, WAV, APE and FLAC audio files and watch JPEG, BMP, GIF and PNG images on it.
The only two file formats we're really missing are OGG Vorbis for audio and MKV for video, but ViewSonic has still managed to include a fairly good collection of supported file formats. It also functions as an ebook reader, but there was no mention of exact file format support.
Both models will go on sale in August in the Asia-Pacific market, although we were told that they will launch in Europe and most likely the US at a later date. The VPD400 is priced at £92 in Taiwan, while the VPD500 is priced at £111 and both models will be available in black, white and pink.
Harman Kardon Go + Play review: Post-retro design, powerful audio
Plex now lets you play music on any Sonos device from the Sonos app
Audio-Technica ATH-MSR7NC headphones review: Make some noise
Deezer launches in the US: How does the music-streaming service work?
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- Plex now lets you play music on any Sonos device from the Sonos app
- Audio-Technica ATH-MSR7NC headphones review: Make some noise
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When: Thu., April 18, 6 p.m., Thu., April 25, 6 p.m., Thu., May 9, 6 p.m., Thu., May 16, 6 p.m., Thu., May 23, 6 p.m. and Thu., May 30, 6 p.m. 2013
Old 4th Ward Movies After Dark is a free outdoor film series created to highlight and celebrate films written, produced, directed, and starring persons from the African-American Diaspora. The series will run for six weeks and highlight classic as well as contemporary films. Moviegoers will watch films on a huge inflatable screen while lounging on lawn chairs or blankets in the open air. This event will bring families and children together of all ages for a fun and safe evening of entertainment. Mobile Culinary Trucks and vendors will be on site to serve food and drinks.
Price: Free
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First appears in 1971 in Enkhuizen, West Friesland. Wolfling's Mum is quick to state: "That's no son of mine. That one just walked in with the music".
Brass band street parades and street organs followed by hordes of excited children were a common sight in those days.
Wolfling as a singer/mandoloncellist is best known for his loud and outrageous streetperformance. He flashes a big ugly grin when I tell him people call him "that Mad Irish Psychobilly-no make that Psycho", and "The Alexei Sayle of Irish Music" - "I think you are a hobbit!"
But if you can catch him playing his original songs, you will see a different side of him altogether: somewhat shy and boyish, and playing very quiet, rather melancholic tunes.
Besides his voice and his mad grin, of course, his first instrument is the Mandoloncello/Liuto Cantabile, a 10 string giant mandolin/lute.
"In 1988, when I was 17, I simply ran away from home, ended up on the streets of Amsterdam, and started belting out some sort of crazy punkcrap on a cheap spanish guitar. It made me lots of money!"
He has been playing on the street ever since, although he no longer plays the guitar, because "one day I fell in love with a very old 10-string mandoloncello and taught myself to play music."
Wolfling's main claim to fame, however, came when he became the original lead singer for infamous Amsterdam punkrockers BREZHNEV, with whom he toured extensively and made several records from 1988 until 1996.
During his BREZHNEV period, he also started gleeful noise trio "DIE WOLFSKINDER" in which he played bassguitar, and did much of the singing. The style of Die Wolfskinder ranged from Sonic Youth-like trashy pop, laced with a touch of british folk, to heavy riff-laden rock a la Helmet.
Together with BREZHNEV's bassplayer Motör(acoustic guitar), Wolfling (now on mandoloncello) coined the phrase "gangsta-folk duo" when forming the notorious Poncke Princen Kommando, named after a soldier in the Dutch East Indies who deserted during the "Policing Actions", and joined a group of indonesian rebels. "Many dutch people viewed Poncke as a 'murderous bastard and traitor to the dutch cause', and we figured the name sounded cool," says Wolfling, "One day, Poncke's brother showed up at one of our concerts, and we had a few beers with him."
After Die Wolfskinder and PPK disbanded, and he left Brezhnev, Wolfling -once again on bass and vocals- went on to form DRöNE, a three piece rock/noise outfit that sounded somewhat like a grimier, noisier reincarnation of Die Wolfskinder. They made some name in the Amsterdam underground scene, but disappeared again in 2004.
Since then, the Wolfling has mainly been playing his mad irish folk/trash/punk on the streets and in bars, although sometimes he plays his original, quieter songs on bigger stages.
Also appeared in/as (list far from complete):
1988-1996: BREZHNEV (lead vocal)
1991-1991: Stepping Razor(bass guitar)
1994-1996: Die Wolfskinder (lead- and backing vocal, bass guitar)
1995-1996: Poncke Princen Kommando (mandoloncello, lead vocal)
1997-1998: Smart Bomb (rhythm guitar, backing vocal)
1999-2004: Dröne (bass guitar, lead vocal)
1986-present: as a solo artist under various names and on various instruments, most commonly known as Wolfling, sometimes as Heidi Ø, or Heidi Wolfling.
Official Website:
For Asia(mainly Hong Kong/Macau/Guang Dong): http://amp.channelv.com/wolfling
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