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Lewis "Lethal" Gonzalez Related Articles
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Canon PowerShot SX220 HS hands-onPocket-lint
The Canon PowerShot SX220 HS was announced back at the beginning of February and we've just got our hands on Canon's new 14x travel zoom camera for review.
As we get stuck into the heavy details of assessing the quality and the practicality of the new features introduced on the camera - like the Full HD video capture and the new Movie Digest mode that captures a video clip prior to taking each photo - we thought we'd bring you some hands-on shots of the camera.
In terms of design it is very similar to the PowerShot SX210 IS that it replaces, with the same 14x zoom lens offered. It has stepped down in megapixels however, now packing a 12.1-megapixel sensor, but critically is has the HS moniker after the name, meaning it pairs a highly sensitive sensor with the DIGIC IV processor, promising enhanced performance.
The top plate has been tidied up slightly from its forbear too, with the on/off button now moving onto the reverse slope of the body next to the mode dial. Full manual, as well as a range of auto and shooting effects are included, as they were in the previous edition.
The quality of construction feels good and we're impressed that so much lens can be squished into a body that really isn't that bulky, so it is still just about pocketable.
We liked the last iteration of this camera, so we have high hopes for the SX220 HS - let's hope the enhanced image processing leads to cleaner images in lower light conditions despite the relatively slow F/3.1 lens.
Whilst we work on the details, enjoy the photos.
UPDATE: You can read the full review here.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Northeast Texas Community College (NTCC) is a community college serving the Northeast Texas region. The campus is set on 375 acres (1.52 km) in rural Titus County near the community of Chapel Hill, approximately seven miles southeast of Mount Pleasant, the county seat. As defined by the Texas Legislature, the…
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You have searched for: Dhule district
- 17 dead in road accident in Dhule
MUMBAI: Seventeen people were killed and seven others injured in a road accident in Dhule district of Maharashtra today, police said. A truck collided with a jeep on the Surat-Nagpur highway in the district, Dhule additional superintendent of police Chandrakant Gawli told over phone. The injured have been shifted to nearby hospitals, Gawli said.
- Dhule has least water in dams in Nashik region
Dhule district has the lowest water storage across the region, the quotes from Water Resources Department (WRD) shows, even as the water storage across the division itself is not very encouraging. It is just adding to the worries of the administration that has faced worst of the droughts in the recent past.
- Would like to go back to South Sudan, says Dhule engineer
Dhule/Nashik: When Yogesh Ravindra Patil (30) stepped inside the Indian Air Force's C-17 Globemaster on Thursday in Juba, the war-torn capital of South Sudan, it was like a 'getting a second life'. Like the other 156 Indians evacuated in the first leg of the ongoing Operation Sankat Mochan, the engineer from Dhule, around 160km from here, heaved a sigh of relief when minister of state for external affairs Gen V K Singh accorded a welcome message to them in the aircraft. Sharing his experience with TOI, Patil said, "The conditions in South Sudan are alarming. More than 400 groups of armed forces are fighting with each other. Shoot at sight orders have been issued in many areas. I was working as a service engineer and had to travel a lot. I was at major risk." Hailing from a middle-class family with agriculture background, Patil joined CPS Solutions Ltd, a company dealing with diesel generators, LT & HT control panels and allied accessories all over Africa, in 2013. His parents, who were eagerly waiting for him, stay in their ancestral house in Dhule. Patil said he might continue his job in India as the company has its sister concerns here. He said, "I would like to go back to South Sudan if conditions improve." As the company has its presence in Kenya and Tanzania, Yogesh wishes to visit these destinations in near future. "As the conditions in South Sudan worsened, my father asked me to come back home at the earliest. We were told through the Indian Embassy about the Operation Sankat Mochan. I was among the first few who registered for evacuation help," Patil said, praising the measures taken by the Embassy. "The Indian Embassy and as well as the ministry of external affairs acted swiftly and completed the formalities within hours. The Air Force personnel fixed seats in the C17 aircraft, which is otherwise used for warfare purposes. After landing at the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, the railway officials handed over train tickets of our respective destinations right there," Patil said. Patil said he was surprised when Gen V K Singh greeted him in Marathi. "When I told him my name, Gen Singh asked 'kasa kay bara aahe na aata?' (How are you? Is everything is alright now?). Later, we realised that Gen Singh knows many regional languages as he interacted in Bengali, Kannada and Punjabi too." Around 22 people from Maharashtra boarded the flight that reached Delhi on Friday.
- Dhule-Mumbai dash saves infant with rare vitamin K deficiency
A Rs 13 injection —a single shot of vitamin K — is supposed to be given within 24 hours of a child's birth to help blood clot. Although Ashwary Borse was given the vaccination at birth, he developed a rare one-in-a-million complication called 'late vitamin K deficiency bleeding'.
- Drought-hit Dhule scores better than Nashik
Nashik has performed abysmally poor in the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) exam among the four districts in the division, including Dhule, Nandurbar and Jalgaon.
- Clouds play peekaboo in city; it pours in Dhule for 2 hrs
The weather gods are in the mood for some play with the residents. The dark clouds that covered the city on Thursday teased the locals as they failed to bring the much-anticipated rain. Meanwhile, Dhule, around 150km from Nashik, received heavy thunder showers for over two hours.
- Dhule techie role model for govt in starting e-learning in Zilla Parishad schools
Harshal Vibhandik, a native of Dhule district, is the driving force behind providing 189 Zilla Parishad schools in the district have e-learning kits through 70% public participation and the rest personal contributions.
- Onion from Nashik-Dhule is Rs70 a kg
Onion got dearer last week. As against Rs60 a kg in retail markets a week ago, the price has touched Rs70 now. This is the rate for the old stock from Nasik-Dhule batch which lasts longer. But only a limited quantity of this variety is available in the markets.
- FIR against government official for Dhule farmer's suicide
The Dhule police have registered an offence against a female government official for abetting the suicide of a 34-year-old farmer from Sakri village in April
- Rainfall deficit in 21 districts
Patna Gets 8% Less Than Normal Rainfall
- Child marriage rampant in district
The district stands fourth in the list of the maximum number of child marriages reported in the state, according to the data procured from Childline, an NGO that works towards the rights and welfare of needy children.
- Krishna district in for industrial growth
Engg Cluster To Come Up At Veerapanenivarigudem
- Belagavi is youthful district in state
With 38.18% of its population in the age group of 10-29, Belagavi district has earned the distinction of having the highest number of youths in the state.
- Bokaro district administration alert
More than 15 cases of malaria were reported from villages situated on Hisim Hill of Kasmar block in the last three days.
- Majuli to become district by August
The BJP-led government, which recently completed a month in power, held its first cabinet meeting here on Monday.


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Mend it like Beckham: Intrepid works with soccer superstar to get Nepal back on its feet
Big news, guys. Intrepid has recently teamed up with Unicef to bring soccer superstar and Unicef ambassador David Beckham to Nepal!
Check out the stunning photo zine that's going to help Nepal
Professional photographer Melissa Findley was in Cambodia when she heard the news about the Nepal earthquake, but the week before she'd been in the Himalayas, ground zero, trekking with a friend.
Photo series: We sent a camera crew to Nepal. What they brought back was pure gold
Want to WIN a professional photography scholarship to Nepal? Here's how
Listen up, aspiring photographers/photo journalists/anyone with a pulse.
Rural resilience: on-the-ground stories from the Nepalese Himalayas
It's a long uphill climb but smiles are back on innocent faces and time it seems has healed.
Nepal four months on: this is where your donations went
When the quake struck Nepal on 25 April this year, we reached out to our travellers for help. Our target was $40,000. A pretty serious amount of money, but within 6 hours we were well past it. After a few weeks we were sitting at $300,000, with another $100,000 chipped in from Intrepid itself.
What was it like to live through the Nepal earthquake? A first-hand account.
On 25 April 2015, Tony Hill was mid-way through an Intrepid Nepal trip – some 2000ft above Namche Bazaar – when the earthquake struck. All of a sudden Tony, who by his own admission is "not particularly well-travelled" and his companions found themselves deep inside a disaster zone.
Nepal festival guide: five Himalayan parties you need to see
With eight of the world's 10 tallest mountains in its borders, it's not a big surprise most travellers visit Nepal for the trekking. Flying into Kathmandu you'll find dozens of adventurous looking groups about to set off into the snow-capped wilds of the Himalayas, usually carbo-loading on their second plate of momos.
Annapurna vs Everest. Your definitive trekking guide
It's the choice facing every Nepalese adventurer: Annapurna vs Everest. Whose scene reigns supreme? We've got the definitive guide.
It's official: Annapurna is safe for travellers to return to. Here's everything you need to know.
One of the most popular trekking areas of Nepal has been given the green light by experts three months after powerful earthquakes rocked the country.


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If I can't be on the Thorne River, I'd take the Upper Sacramento, McCloud or Pit. If I can't be on any of those, or outdoors period, the next best place is to be at the annual Sportsman's Expo in Sacramento.
Just before the sixth quarter of one of the most fascinating and improbable NFL playoff games you'll ever see, Justin Tucker trotted out onto the field and did something you hardly ever see.
January is an interesting month for fishing.
Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens will get into the Hall of Fame someday, and without using the side entrance, either.
Some folks think that there is no such thing as Cabin Fever. They are dead wrong. If Alferd Packer was still around, they could ask him about it. Good old Alferd (that's really how he spelled his name) was the noted cannibal who ate several of his companions after being trapped with them while snowbound in Colorado in 1874.
So I went fishing yesterday. Shocking, I know.
So I went fishing yesterday. Shocking, I know.
A short while ago, I wrote a column about which rifle cartridge I considered as the best all-around caliber. Some of you agreed with me and some did not. It was a fun exercise in part because it gets people thinking about why they prefer one gun over another.
Another Christmas has passed, and this year I got my annual fishing license as a gift from my parents.
Facebook tried to tell me what my 20 biggest moments were in the past year, but it was close only when I considered the list was drafted by a program made by people who don't know me. Technology thinks my year can be reduced to pictures and subsequent "like" clicks from "friends". Impossible.
The Colts were a nice little story six weeks ago.
I can't say I've ever been fishing on Christmas Day, although I went out on Christmas Eve once.
He had probably washed the dishes, made the bed and been exceedingly polite. Not solely because of the question/statement he'd later ask, but maybe.
Like a lot of subjects, my views regarding being handicapped and participating in outdoor activities have evolved over the years. Probably the single biggest factor in my awakening to the opportunities in the outdoors for those with handicaps was when I met Arvel Gipson. Old Arv had fallen off a high transmission line and broken his back, which left him using crutches for the rest of his life. The odd thing was, Arvel refused to let his handicap stop his enjoyment of the outdoors.
I've learned over the years that a person could drive themselves crazy worrying about every little detail when it came to fishing.
The Northgate Braves were looking for a strong pitching performance from Romeo Torres on Monday night. They got it and then some.
When I was about 10 years old my father took my younger brother Chris and I on an excursion to the hills South of Tracy.
Wednesday, while fishing New Melones Lake, all intentions were to go after the kokanee that were supposed to be biting.
OAKMONT, Pa. (AP) - Dustin Johnson already has shown he can take a punch. He also can take a joke.
The drought is over for Cleveland, and the debate is over as well.
OAKMONT, Pa. (AP) - Maybe Dustin Johnson is smarter than the average golfer after all.
I don't know if it's still the case, but when I went through junior high, boys took shop class and girls took home ...
It seems like every year it's becoming harder and harder to be without a Wi-Fi signal while out camping. It's a reminder to ...
STOCKTON - Following a rainout last month the King of the West 410 Sprint Car Series is set to make its first visit of the season ...
This summer so far hasn't turned out the way I planned it several months ago.
This is the time of year when my thoughts turn to catching rattlesnakes. Some folks think that my hobby of catching live rattlers is a ...
They were young then and, oh, so proud. Three magnificent gladiators on a collision course with history, they fought fearlessly, battling each other on the ...
Competitive bass fishing, like every other sport, has its winners and losers.
Roseville's Eric Schmidt took maximum advantage of a late race caution to capture an improbable victory in Saturday's Tri-Holiday Classic Pacific Challenge Series ...
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+13 Intelligence
+27 Intelligence
+25 Intelligence
+34 Intelligence
+72 Intelligence
This feature lists your most prevalent gear bonuses. You may select a bonus to see which items provide that bonus.
Strength: 91
Primary attribute for Barbarians and Crusaders.
Increases all damage for Barbarians and Crusaders by 91.00%.
Increases Armor by 91.
Dexterity: 82
Primary attribute for Demon Hunters and Monks.
Increases all damage for Demon Hunters and Monks by 82.00%.
Increases Armor by 8.20%.
Intelligence: 323
Primary attribute for Witch Doctors and Wizards.
Increases all damage for Witch Doctors and Wizards by 323.00%.
Increases resistances by 32.3.
Vitality: 164
Increases Life, allowing more damage to be taken before dying.
Each point of Vitality increases Life by 22.
Armor: 325
Reduces all damage from enemies of the same level as you by 0.00%.
Damage: 2082.31
The amount of damage per second you can deal.
Damage is based on your weapons, attributes, attack speed, Critical Hit Chance,
Critical Hit Damage, passive skills, and dual-wielding attack speed increase.
Toughness: 0
The total amount of raw damage you can take.
Toughness is based on your maximum Life, armor, dodge chance,
average resistances, and missile, melee, and elite damage reduction.
Recovery: 0
The amount of Toughness you can recover every second in combat.
Recovery is based on your Toughness, Life per Hit, Life per Second, Life per Kill,
Life per Fury/Spirit/Wrath Spent, Life Steal, and Health Globe Healing Bonus.
Maximum Life: 3832
If you lose all your Life, you die.
Life can be increased by skills, items, and Vitality.
Arcane Power 134/134
A fast-regenerating resource used
for most Wizard skills.
Last updated on Sep 15, 2013 11:29 PM PDT


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'The Nuclear Express: A Political History Of The Bomb and Its Proliferation'
by Thomas C. Reed and Danny B. Stillman
Chapter 7: China Breaks the European Cartel
The administrative offices, laboratories and infrastructure needed to support the test of China's nuclear weapons were built from scratch, starting in 1960, within a newly constructed town to be known as Malan. That facility, named after a local desert flower, would, in time, become home to two thousand military personnel and eight thousand civilians. At first, the Great Leap Forward had paralyzed construction at Malan. Building crews had subsisted on wild plants and shrubs for over a year, but by 1963 work on town and test facilities had resumed. Lop Nur and Malan were ready to go in 1964. Co-author Stillman had the opportunity to visit there a quarter century later. The dimensions were overpowering. The Chinese Nuclear Weapons Test Base is seven times the size of the equivalent U.S. facility in Nevada.
Civilian visitors get to Malan by relay. There is a military airfield at the test site, but its use is constrained to weapons matters. International visitors board a rickety Russian transport at Shanghai or Beijing for the flight into the provincial capital of Urumqi. From there the drive to Malan by "Sure-Rockies" (Jeep Cherokees, imported from the United States) takes six hours. Along the way the history of China is on full display. Stillman passed immense, polluting chemical factories, horsemen herding camels, road crews hand-repairing potholes, and overturned trucks the victims of those potholes. Their drivers were staying warm by campfire as they awaited help.
During this six-hour jolting ordeal, Stillman's traveling companion, Terry Hawkins (also from Los Alamos), lost part of his wristwatch. A spring-loaded pin had flown from the watchband assembly; the watch had fallen from his wrist to the vehicle floor. Hawkins collected such pieces as he could find, put them in his pocket, and thought no more of the matter.
Welcoming the travelers to Malan when they arrived in the middle of the night were a lamb barbeque and fresh fruit galore. The wait staff at the banquet, all female PLA army privates, spoke some English; the interpreters were fluent, including in the colloquialisms of the language. Their "day jobs" were the translation of a flood of U.S. publications into Mandarin for use by scientists at the test base. The senior staff reeked of U.S. training; the engineer responsible for drilling vertical test shafts at Lop Nur had worked in the United States during World War II. By 1990 all of his children were enrolled in America's top engineering schools.
In the morning the Jeep convoy formed up for the two-hour ride, over somewhat better roads, into the test site itself. Once there, the visitors passed an unending array of newly constructed infrastructure that made clear the sophistication of the blossoming Chinese nuclear test program.
Every nation should consider its nuclear tests to be giant physics experiments. The Chinese understood that very well; other proliferants do not. The latter often consider their early nuclear shots to be demonstrations and/or simple proof tests. In contrast, the instrumentation of even the first Chinese nuclear test was sophisticated in the extreme.
Data from a nuclear test is collected in several ways. Prompt diagnostics involve pipes or tunnels that allow the collection of real-time data and its conversion to electrical signals before the entire "laboratory" is blown away. A hundred optical, coax, and multi-conductor cables confirm the operation of the detonation process to trailers, nearby but out of fireball or shock range. Optical and electromagnetic instrumentation, located still farther away, can give a quick estimate of internal device performance. Radiochemistry (the collection of post-explosion bomb debris by aircraft and/or excavation) can provide good insight to a foreign observer, but it is indispensable to the host organization. Nuclear device designers usually position trace elements at key locations within their experiments so as to later ascertain temperatures, neutron flux, burn efficiencies, and so forth, as the explosion proceeds—an event that unfolds fully in less than an instant. From the very beginning, Chinese nuclear tests employed all of these diagnostic technologies.
After Stillman and Hawkins had completed their historic visit, and before their return to the guesthouse at Malan, Hawkins asked his guide (a female PLA captain) if there was a watch-repair facility in town. Could he buy a replacement pin for his broken watch? The captain walked over to her Jeep, returning with closed hand and smiling face. "Is this what you need?"
Chinese counterintelligence, scouring the Hawkins jeep after the inbound trip in search of "bugs," had found all of the tiny but suspicious leftover watch parts on the vehicle floor. The security people had collected them and delivered same to Captain Bi. This episode at Malan was not unique. It only served to remind Stillman and Hawkins of the meticulous surveillance within China.
At an earlier time, on the morning after their arrival in Shanghai, the two men took an after-breakfast stroll around their hotel. They went into a bookstore that offered many items of interest, including Chinese-language flash cards. The cards obviously had been there for some time, since they were covered with dust. Hawkins was interested in learning Chinese, so he opened the box, riffled through the cards, but decided against a purchase and replaced cards and box on the display table. During this time Stillman browsed through some English-language paperbacks on a rotating display. After a brief interlude, both men decided to proceed, unencumbered, with their morning constitutional. Twenty minutes later, en route back to their hotel, the travelers decided to buy those flash cards and books. They returned to the bookstore, but the boxes of flashcards were gone; every book that Stillman had touched was also gone. With some agitation the clerk explained that they had just been sold. Clearly the counterintelligence service of the Ministry of State Security had followed the men into the store. They had picked up anything touched by the foreigners, looking for intelligence-related drops to "contacts" in China. Hawkins and Stillman are intelligence professionals, but they never knew they were being followed. So it was throughout every visit: bugged hotel rooms, attentive companions, and a well-orchestrated symphony of nominally-academic questions, day after day.
Stillman and Hawkins were among the first Caucasians ever to visit Malan;* they were the target of stares and gawks by the long-time residents of that enclave. Yet, American technology was on display everywhere.
*Preceded only by a formal visit by Los Alamos Director Harold Agnew in 1982.
Excerpted from "The Nuclear Express" by Thomas C. Reed and Danny B. Stillman. Copyright © 2008 by Thomas C. Reed and Danny B. Stillman. Reprinted with permission by Zenith Press. All rights reserved.


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Bartolo Colon Agrees to One-Year Contract With Oakland Athletics
The Oakland Athletics signed free-agent pitcher Bartolo Colon to a one-year contract, the Major League Baseball team said.
Colon, 38, went 8-10 with a 4.00 earned-run average for the New York Yankees last season.
The righthander has a record of 161-113 during a 14-year career with Cleveland, Montreal, Anaheim/Los Angeles, the Chicago White Sox, Boston and New York.
He won the 2005 American League Cy Young award when he went 21-8 for the Angels.
Financial terms weren't disclosed.
Before it's here, it's on the Bloomberg Terminal. LEARN MORE


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Mind & Body
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http://www.skisantafe.com (505) 982-4429
I'm a townie and middle aged- so here's my viewpoint: I feel incredibly previleged to live so close to this ski area. Living only 35 min away from the lifts gives me the chance to scout the weather and the conditions, so I pick the best. Weekdays SKI SFE is practically a private resort. No lines, no hassle. Weekends- I leave to visitors. Skiing for 1/2 day is a real value.
The mt is great with lots of variety. Moguls on Wizard and Parachute can challenge the best, and the bumps under the upper chairs are awesome. I wish the area were bigger, but SFE is Green Party Country, and it ain't gonna happen soon. The new Millenium chair is great, and makes the northern trails more fun and more accessible.
As for apres ski- nothing on the slopes, but SFe awaits below. Restaurants in town are authentic, best in the West, make Aspen and Vail look like Disney stuff. Hotels are classy and so are the spas. Lots of very good entertainment in lounges or at the Lensic Theater if you like more high brow stuff. Bring your own date.
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Beyond Regulations: Ethics in Human Subjects Research / Edition 1by Nancy M. P. King
View All Available Formats & Editions
Pub. Date: 04/26/1999
Publisher: The University of North Carolina Press
Across a broad range of disciplinesin medicine, social science, and the humanitiesresearchers, scholars, teachers, and administrators increasingly are looking for new ways to approach ethical issues in research with human subjects. Questions about how relationships between funders and researchers should affect research design, for example, or whether
Across a broad range of disciplinesin medicine, social science, and the humanitiesresearchers, scholars, teachers, and administrators increasingly are looking for new ways to approach ethical issues in research with human subjects. Questions about how relationships between funders and researchers should affect research design, for example, or whether the potential benefits of research can outweigh the importance of its subjects' interests are inadequately addressed by the prevailing, regulation-based research ethics paradigm.
This book constitutes a reexamination of research ethics. It combines case studies and commentaries by a multidisciplinary group of scholars and researchers to explore such topics as informed consent, conflict of interest, confidentiality, and research on illegal behavior. All human subjects research takes place within complex social, cultural, and political contexts, the contributors argue. Increased consideration of the relationships between researchers and their subjects, funders, and institutions within these contexts will facilitate research that is sensitive and responsible as well as scientifically fruitful.
Beyond Regulations features a keynote essay by Ruth Macklin. Other contributors are Marcela Aracena Alvarez, Jorge Balán, B. Susan Bauer, Alan F. Benjamin, Lynn Blanchard, Allan M. Brandt, J. Pat Browder, Barbara Entwisle, Sue E. Estroff, Renée C. Fox, Lara Freidenfelds, Gail E. Henderson, Nancy M. P. King, Loretta M. Kopelman, Ernest N. Kraybill, Barry M. Popkin, Silvina Ramos, Desmond K. Runyan, Jane Stein, Ronald P. Strauss, Keith A. Wailoo, and Cynthia Waszak.
Product Details
- 9780807847701
- Publisher:
- The University of North Carolina Press
- Publication date:
- 04/26/1999
- Series:
- Studies in Social Medicine Series
- Edition description:
- 1
- Pages:
- 296
- Product dimensions:
- 6.12(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.74(d)
Table of Contents
Foreword by Allan M. Brandt and Larry R. Churchill
Introduction. Relationships in Research: A New Paradigm
Nancy M. P. King, Gail E. Henderson, and Jane Stein
Keynote Essay
Is Ethics Universal?: Gender, Science, and Culture in Reproductive Health Research
Ruth Macklin
Case 1. Contracts and Covenants
Contract and Covenant in Cura ao: Reciprocal Relationships in Scholarly Research
Alan F. Benjamin
Commentary 1. Contract and Covenant in Ethnographic Research
Renée C. Fox
Commentary 2. The Gaze of Scholars and Subjects: Roles, Relationships, and Obligations in Ethnographic Research
Sue E. Estroff
Case 2. Community-based HIV Research
Community Assessment and Perceptions: Preparation for HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials
Lynn Blanchard
Commentary 1. Community Advisory Board-Investigator Relationships in Community-Based HIV/AIDS Research
Ronald P. Strauss
Commentary 2. Research Partnerships and People "at Risk": HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials and African American Communities
Keith A. Wailoo
Case 3. Corporate Sponsorship of Research
Truth-in-funding: Studying the Infant-feeding Controversy with Industry Support
Barry M. Popkin
Commentary 1. Bias and Conflicts of Interest in Science: Controversial Industry Funding of Infant-feeding Studies
Loretta M. Kopelman
Commentary 2. Context and Community: Assessing the Ethics of Industry-funded Research
Allan M. Brandt and Lara Freidenfelds
Case 4. Risk and Trust in Abortion Research
Research on Induced Abortion in Argentina: Avoiding Self-Incrimination
Jorge Balán and Silvina Ramos
Commentary 1. Research on Induced Abortion in Argentina: Avoiding Self-Incrimination
Cynthia Waszak
Commentary 2. The Contexts of Social Research
Barbara Entwisle
Case 5. Studying Maltreatment in Families
Maltreatment in Families: A Research Dilemma
Desmond K. Runyan
Commentary 1. Child Abuse Research: Can Ethical Standards Be the Same in Developed and Developing Countries?
Marcela Aracena Alvarez
Commentary 2. Research in Distressed Families: How Should Societies Make Judgments about Parents and Children?
Nancy M. P. King
Case 6. Whose Consent?
Can Community Consultation Substitute for Informed Consent in Emergency Medicine Research?
Ernest N. Kraybill and B. Susan Bauer
Commentary 1. Can Community Consultation Substitute for Informed Consent in Emergency Medicine Research?: A Response
J. Pat Browder
Commentary 2. Medical Research: Using a New Paradigm Where the Old Might Do
Nancy M. P. King
Conclusion. Regulations and Relationships: Toward a New Synthesis
Nancy M. P. King, Gail E. Henderson, and Jane Stein
Appendix A. Nuremberg Code
Appendix B. Federal Common Rule
Appendix C. CIOMS Epidemiological Research Guidelines
Appendix D. CIOMS Biomedical Research Guidelines
Appendix E. Contract between Alan Benjamin and Congregation Mikvé Israel-Emanuel
Appendix F. Letter from Alan Benjamin to the Congregation
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The parents of Trayvon Martin have written a letter of support to the parents of the 8-year-old boy killed in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on Monday, according to theGrio.
8-year-old Martin Richard was one of the three people killed when two bombs were set off near the end of the race, where the youngster was cheering runners with his family.
Also On 93.1 WZAK:
Red Carpet Rundown: The 2015 Emmy Awards
28 photos Launch gallery


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actuary jobs near Louisville, KY
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P&C Reinsurance Actuary (PR9848)
Pryor Associates - United States
P&C Reinsurance Actuary opening in Bermuda. Perform reinsurance pricing involving international Property Catastrophe, Marine, Aviation, Energy, etc. Ideal...
Actuarial Analyst (Code: SGP2014)
AON - United States
Our team consists of actuaries, catastrophe modellers, engineers, financial analysts and GIS experts. We are seeking a highly motivated individual to become...
VP, Risk Management
Healthcare, Louisville, KY - Louisville, KY
Updates Actuaries on Risk Management trends that may impact Company's loss experience. Responsible for administering and managing Company's risk management...
The Aon Actuarial Apprenticeship 2016
AON - United States
In return, you'll be fully supported to study for a qualification from the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, to go with your salary and benefits package....
Life Reinsurance Actuary in Bermuda 71651
Ezra Penland Actuarial Recruitment - United States
For Position 71651, a Bermuda client now seeks a life reinsurance actuary. FSA or FCIA or FIA or FIAA preferred....
Actuarial Analyst, Life Reinsurance (Code: SGP2012)
AON - United States
Responsibilities will involve interacting with the team's life actuaries and brokers, as well as clients and reinsurers throughout the Asia-Pacific region....
Actuarial Analyst - Aon Benfield - Prague & Bratislava
AON - United States
Aon Benfield is searching for 2 Actuaries for its Prague (Czech Republic) office and Bratislava (Slovakia) office....
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Humana - Louisville, KY
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Humana - Louisville, KY
Humana One / Medicaid TQP Associate Actuary. Associate of Society of Actuaries (ASA) designation. Our actuaries measure and evaluate risk with sophisticated...
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Humana - Louisville, KY
Forecasting and Modeling Associate Actuary. Associate of Society of Actuaries (ASA) designation. Humana is seeking an Associate Actuary to apply their expertise...


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Nhl playoffs
Kings vs. Phoenix
Kings lead, 3-0
G1: Kings, 4-2
G2: Kings, 4-0
G3: Kings, 2-1
Today: at Kings, noon
*Tuesday: at Phoenix, 6 p.m.
*Thursday: at Kings, 6 p.m.
*Saturday: at Phoenix, 5 p.m.
Rangers vs. New Jersey
Rangers lead, 2-1
G1: Rangers, 3-0
G2: New Jersey, 3-2
G3: Rangers, 3-0
Monday: at New Jersey, 5 p.m.
Wed.: at New York, 5 p.m.
*Friday: at New Jersey, 5 p.m.
*May 27: at N.Y., 5 p.m.
*If necessary
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The Las Vegas Guide to entertainment, nightlife, dining, gaming, shopping and more!
Face Tags
Interview w/ @jodierocco: Naya Vigarosa @crazyhorseparis @mgmgrand & Sally Dewhurst, MD 4 #CrazyHorse which celebrates 10 yrs in #vegas
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text: Boring Cannibal Chef Settles for Human MeatballsMax Read8/30/11 9:28pmFiled to: FoodfoodieschefsCannibalsGrosshorribleCrimeMurderRussiaTweetgFb134EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink You'd think a professional chef who is also a cannibal would be into some ambitious human meat food, right? Nope! A 21-year-old Russian cook and (now-jailed) cannibal settled for some boring old meatballs and sausages.According to RIA Novosti, the guy found his victim on a "gay website" (his opening line was, we hope, "looking to eat your meatballs and sausage"), and then stabbed him to death before butchering him and preparing the dishes. While we would have liked to see something experimental—sous-vide people flesh, say—sausages and meatballs are certainly more versatile. And, before the stupid police got involved, you could have made them yourself at home! If that weren't wicked enough, the 21-year-old cannibal, a chef in the Arctic city of Murmansk, made sick videos of himself turning his victim's flesh into meals and then posted them online, the Daily Mail reported. Let's get this guy a Food Network show! You could call it "The Contessa's Bare Feet"! Advertisement [NYDN; stock image via Shutterstock.com]Reply134 repliesLeave a reply


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Congress should punt pigskin bill
WASHINGTON - Two Saturdays ago, the nation was one tick of a Texas clock away from a cultural crisis. Nebraska led Texas 12-10 in the Big 12 Conference championship football game in Cowboys Stadium in Arlington. Texas had the ball on Nebraska's 29-yard line when time expired. Or so it seemed.
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We decided to spend New Years Eve 2009 in Marrakech and selected Maison MK because of its location and because we like boutique hotels.
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- Also Known As:
- Maison Mk Marrakech
- Maison Mk Hotel Marrakech


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"Intrepid" is the key word for my friend Todd Schnick. He uses intrepid often to describe how to market and how to live your life. It's about being fearless, courageous, bold.
|Intrepid Podcaster Todd Schnick
interviewed me on the
Small Town Rules.
Todd and I talked about some intrepid business ideas from my Small Town Rules perspective. We talk about the changes that make the whole business world more local, how we're both global and local, how to connect online as a small business, and my favorite, "reputation is forever."
We've known each other for years on Twitter, but this was our first chance to speak to each other. That's how I was able to find out about Todd's own small town roots.
You can learn more about Todd and see the video version of this interview at : Intrepid Radio: Becky McCray.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
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- No, really, my business needs a new sign - July 25, 2016
- Small town business secrets for coping with limited suppliers - July 5, 2016
- 4 Reasons for small towns to setup downtown wifi areas - June 27, 2016
- Business isn't problems, business is change - June 20, 2016
- The assumptions you start with - May 16, 2016
- Who will buy the business when the owners retire? - May 9, 2016
- What small town stores can do on slow days - May 2, 2016
- Beauty Salons as Business Incubators - April 25, 2016
- I love everything about business fairs except where they are held - April 18, 2016
- Collisions, Serendipity and the Hybrid Vigor of Ideas - April 11, 2016


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Mar 3, 1970
|Filing date
|May 16, 1967
|Priority date
|May 16, 1967
|Publication number
|Long Edwin T
|Original Assignee
|Long Edwin T, Watson Clinic
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (16), Classifications (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
March 3, 1970 E. 1'. Lowe 3,493,742
GAS STERILIZATION APPARATUS I Filed May 16. 1967 a Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Edwin 7. Long BY TTdRNEY 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.
ATTORNEY Edwin 7. Lang E. T. LONG GAS STERILIZATION APPARATUS Filed May 16. 1967 March 3, 1970 1'. LONG GAS STERILIZATION APPARATUS Filed may 16, 1967 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Edwin 7? Long BY ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,498,742 GAS STERILIZATION APPARATUS Edwin T. Long, Watson Clinic, Lakeland, Fla. Filed May 16, 1967, Ser. No. 638,847 Int. Cl. A611 3/ 00, /00, 7/00 U.S. Cl. 21-91 16 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An improved portable apparatus for use in a sterilization process which can be carried out at room or ambient temperatures and at or near atmospheric pressures, and which employs an ethylene oxide gas mixture as the sterilant. The apparatus including a completely flexible, collapsible, foldable, transparent, and easily replaceable sterilization chamber which is impervious to an ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture. The sterilization chamber comprises a sleeve, having sealable open ends, which is formed from a low porosity, high density plastic film obtainable from a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF INVENTION This invention relates to an improved apparatus and process for use in gas sterilization. More particularly, the invention pertains to an improved arrangement for use in sterilizing surgical, medical and dental instruments, dressings, precision apparatus and tools, other objects and the like by a process employing vapors. Furthermore, the process is carried out without the use of extreme heat, excessive moisture or corrosive liquids or electricity, by employing a gaseous sterilant such as ethylene oxide.
The term sterilization is used in this disclosure in its strictest technical sense and means the complete elimination of all forms of microorganisms from all surfaces of the material exposed to the extent the same may be determined under the most stringent conditions possible, and the terms sterilant or sterilizing agent mean a substance capable of accomplishing sterilization in accordance with the definition herein given.
A more specific object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for sterilizing medical, surgical and dental instruments, dressings, precision tools, apparatus and the like, which does not bring extreme heat, excessive moisture 'or corrosive liquics into contact with the items being sterilized; which does not have a deleterious effect on delicate cutting edges, cement mountings for optical instruments and the like or on plastic tubing or on other materials such as certain kinds of rubber, leather or wool; which effectively sterilizes instruments having rough or unusual surfaces, capillary tubes and the like; and which can be adapted for field use, small installations the like.
Still other objects of the subject invention include the provision of an apparatus for sterilizing using a gaseous sterilant which is effective at room temperatures and pressures at or near atmospheric; which is economical in practice; which is safe; which may be used in field, office or other locations without the need of heavy, bulky, complicated or expensive equipment and apparatus; which utilizes individual containers of sterilant; which obviates handling the sterilized objects or instruments after sterilization is completed and which is commercially and practicably feasible for widespread general use.
Yet a further object of this invention is to provide a means for the sterilization of contaminated objects of such shape, length and size that they are not adapted to be received Within a chamber of at least moderate rigidity and conventionally portable size.
Still another object of the instant invention is to provide in a gaseous sterilization apparatus a completely flexible,
collapsible, foldable, transparent, and easily replaceable sterilization chamber which is impervious to an ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture.
In general the above objects are accomplished, in accordance with this invention, by placing the objects, instruments and materials to be sterilized in air-tight, yet pervious to an ethylene-oxide sterilizing gas mixture, envelopes or containers; placing and sealing the envelopes or containers within a completely flexible, collapsible, ethylene-oxide sterilizing gas mixture impervious, baglike, sterilization chamber; reducing the pressure within the sterilization chamber; having the interior of the sterilization chamber in communication with a vessel containing a solution of the sterilant, said sterilant including a mixture of ethylene-oxide and a dilutent which is a flammability suppressant therefor and preferably a dilutent with a boiling point and vapor pressure so related to the boiling point and vapor pressure of the ethylene-oxide that the sterilant mixture is nonfiammable and non-explosive in all vapor-liquid phases and relationship; releasing the sterilant mixture from the vessel while maintaining the sterilization chamber in a sealed condition, evaporating and admitting the sterilant mixture into the sterilization chamber; permitting the sterilant to sterilize the objects, instruments and materials; and evacuating or air washing the sterilization chamber and its contents without admitting toxic quantities of the sterilant to the atmosphere adjacent the sterilization chamber, all at room or ambient temperatures and at or near atmospheric pressures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and method of operation, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the apparatus of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the apparatus of this invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 33 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a baifie used with the apparatus of this invention;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the apparatus of this invention, portions thereof being omitted;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another cla-mp useable With the apparatus of this invention; and
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of yet another clamp useable with the apparatus of this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the drawings in detail now, and in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2 thereof, the sterilization apparatus 10 of this invention is seen to include a support or table 12. Table 12 is generally rigid and may be formed from such things as lumber, plywood, pressboard or Masonite and is supported at its ends by legs 14 and 16 and at appropriate points along its midportion by suitable legs or saw horses such as at 18.
Attached to the table top adjacent one of its ends is a pair, 20 and 22, of support brackets which are spaced apart and secured to the table by means of respective bolts 24 and Z6. Positioned through an opening 28 within support bracket 20 and positioned within a slot or groove 30 of support bracket 22is a circular rod 32 which is free to rotate within these openings 28 and 30. Mounted on circular rod 32 is a roll or supply 34 of flexible plastic film which is impervious to the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture used in connection with this invention and which is used to make the sterilization chamber of the invention. Plastic film 36 on roll 34 is supplied as a continuous sleeve having both upper 38 and lower 40 portions which are connected to each other at their edges 42 and 44, and are continuous therealong. In forming the sterilization chamber to be used, a desired length of plastic film 36 is unrolled from supply 34 and cut therefrom, as has been done to form the sterilization chamber 46 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Once the desired length of plastic sleeve 36 has been severed from roll 34, it is spread out on table '12 as depicted in FIG. 1 and the objects, instruments, and materials 48 to be sterilized are placed within the sleeve as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Bar arrangements are provided, as at 50' and 52, to respectively seal the two open ends 54 and 56 of sleeve 36 which has now been spread-out on table 12 and filled with the items 48 which are to be sterilized. Bar assemblies 50 and 52, when thus sealing the ends of the sleeve, cause the same to result in a sealed sterilization chamber 46.
Bar assemblies 50 and 52 include a first or upper member and a second or lower member, these members being shown in greater detail in FIG. 3. Bar assembly 50 includes an upper member 58 and a lower member 60. while bar assembly 52 includes upper member 62 and lower member 64. All of the members 58 through 6.4
of the end sealing bar arrangements 50 and 52 are solid structures. Upper member 58 of sealing bar arrangement 50 includes a tongue portion 66 which is'mateable within a groove portion 68 provided within member 60 of the same bar arrangement 50, such that these tongue and groove portions may finmly press the upper and lower portions 38 and 40 of the sleeve 36 together to form an etfffective seal adjacent end 54 of the sleeve. Upper member 62 of end sealing bar arrangement 52 is provided with a tongue portion 70 which is mateable within a groove portion 72 provided within lower member 64 such that these tongue and groove portions may firmly press together the upper and lower portions of the sleeve and form an effective seal adjacent end 56 thereof. Upper member 58 and lower member 60 of bar assembly 50 are maintained closely adjacent one another with tongue portion 66 engaged within grooved portion 68 by a series of appropriately spaced and sized C-clamps as at 74. In like manner upper member 62 and lower member 64 of end sealing bar assembly 52 are maintained closely adjacent with tongue portion 70 engaged within grooved portion 72 by a number of appropriately spaced C-clamps 76.
It is to be understood that other types of sealing arrangements or clamps could be used in place of those depicted at reference numerals 50 and 52 and used to seal the open ends 54 and 56 of sleeve 36. One such arrangement could be provided to seal sleeve 36 adjacent its end 56, but without the necessity of requiring the sleeve 36 to be severed from the supply roll 34. Another arrangement for sealing the ends of sleeve 36 is depicted in FIG. 8. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 there is included a flat, elongated, narrow bar 59,'having a length slightly greater than the width of sleeve 36. The open end, such as 54 or 56 of sleeve 36 which is to be sealed is wrapped or rolled about bar 59 three, four or five times and then a flattened C clip 61 is placed about the bar 59 and sleeve end rolled thereon to frictionally hold the sleeve in sealed position on bar 59 and prevent the same from unrolling.
Members 58 and 60 are supported adjacent their ends by a pair, 78 and 80 of supporting members. Support member 78 includes a generally horizontal portion 82 and a generally upright portion 84 having a slot 86 therein to receive bar members 58 and 60. Support member includes a generally upright element 88 attached to a generally horizontal portion 90; upright element 88 including a slot 92 for receiving members 58 and 60. In a similar fashion bar assembly members 62 and 64 are supported adjacent their ends 'by means of a pair of support members 94 and 96. Support member 94 includes a generally horizontal portion 98 to which is attached a generally upright element 100 having an opening or slot 102 therein to receive bar members 62 and 64 and to pre vent the same from turning therein. Support member 96 includes a generally upright portion104 which is connected to a generally horizontal base portion 106; upright portion 104 including an opening or slot 108 for receiving members 62 and 64 of bar assembly 52 and to prevent the same from turning therein. Support members 78, 80, 94 and 96 rest upon table 12 and are not attached thereto, such that they may be moved and adjusted for varying widths and lengths of sleeve members, such as sleeve member 36, used for various sizes of sterilization chambers. Also, it is not necessary that the width of the sleeve along open ends 54 and 56 be such as to require the using of the total length of bar assemblies 50 and 52 to seal these open ends.
A bafile arrangement 110 and port assembly 112 used in connection with sterilization chamber 46 of this invention is most clearly depicted in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. The baffle arrangement 110, most clearly shown in FIG. 5, includes a small metal box 114 which is attached to the upper flanged end 116 of a standard gas threaded nipple or pipe 118 through which the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture passes in traveling to metal box 114 of the baflle arrangement. Metal box 114 includes a lower trough like portion 120 and a top or lid 122 which fits and seals the lower portion 120. Lid 122 is hingedly attached to the lower portion 120 by means of hinges 124 and 126 such that access to the interior of the box can be obtained. Holes and 127 are provided in lid 122 to permit the gaseous sterilant to pass outward of the bafile arrangement into the sterilization chamber. A towel or cloth 128 which has been wet with water is placed within the box 114 to help and aid in the baffling of the sterilant. Baffle arrangement 110 including metal box 114 and towel 128 prevent liquefied sterilizing gas from getting into the sterilization chamber and further insures that the liquefied gas is completely evaporated before entering the sterilization chamber. The wet towel 128, in addition to acting as a bafiie to catch any liquefied gas such that the same must evaporate before entering the sterilization chamber 46, humidifies the gas which is necessary for adequate sterilization of the materials contained within the sterilization chamber.
The port assembly 112, shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, provides a means whereby the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture may be permitted to enter the sterilization chamber while simultaneously preventing the outward leakage from the sterilization chamber of any of the sterilizing. gas. Included within port assembly 112 is the nipple or pipe 118 having standard gas threads thereon which extends through an opening 130, having a diameter approximately equal to the diameter of pipe 118, within the lower portion 40 of plastic sleeve 36 and through an opening 132 within the table 12. Also included within the assembly is an upper metal disk or flange 134 which is positioned interiorly of the plastic sleeve and a lower metal flange or disk 136 which is positioned exteriorly of the plastic sleeve on the table top. Disk 134 has included therein a larger rubber washer 138 which faces and seals with plastic sleeve when the same is in use therewith, and flange 136 also includes a large rubber washer or disk-like member 140 which faces and seals with plastic sleeve when the disk is employed therewith. A hole 142 provided within disk 134 is threaded to correspond with and accept threaded nipple 118, such as to form an effective seal therewith; and a hole 144 pro- 'vided within the center of disk 136 is unthreaded and very slightly larger than the nipple 118, but'is not loose thereon, such that disk 136 can be readily slipped over threaded nipple 118. A nut 146- is threaded on nipple 118 adjacently above disk 134 to further strengthen and seal the connection between nipple 118 and disk 134. An additional nut 148 is threaded on nipple 118 beneath the table 12 and is tightenable on the nipple against the underside of table 12 to force disk 136 firmly against the outer side of plastic sleeve and disk 134 firmly against the innerside of the plastic sleeve above disk 136, thereby providing a sealing engagement between disk'134 lower portion 40 of the plastic sleeve anddisk'136 to prevent escape within the port assembly area of the sterilizing gas from 'the sterilization chamber once the same has been admitted thereto. 1
Connected to the lower end of pipe 118. is a short nipple 150, the other end of which is connected to a control valve 152. A supply line 154 from a tank 156 or other" suitable source of ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture is connected to the lower end of valve 152. Control valve 152 positioned closely adjacent'the'entry into the sterilization chamber is provided to regulate the flow of sterilizing gas to the sterilization chamber.
Cylinders, such as 156 containing the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture used in this invention are commercially, available and usually include from about to percent ethylene oxide with the remaining-portion being made up of carbon dioxide or other suitable gas such as a halide substituted-methane. .These cylinders are usually provided with a control valve at the top thereof, such as valve 158.
The flexible, transparent .sleeve 36 used to form and used as the sterilization chamber '46 must be of a material which can contain the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture and prevent the same from. seeping therethrough; in other words, the palstic'film 'formingsleeve 36 must be impervious to the ethylene oxide gas mixture. Where others have failed in the past -ina sterilization apparatus having a flexible,acollapsible bag-like, sterilization chamher, is that they have been unable to find or obtaina material .which is sufficient-ly impervious to the ethylene oxide sterilizing'gas mixture: such. that it could be appropriately used as a sterilization chamber. It has been determined, that if sleeve 36 is of a low porosity, high density plastic;film, obtainable from a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride,.it is. sufficiently impervious to the ethylene oxide gas mixture to be suitably employed as a sterilization chamber, similar to that as shown at reference numeral 46. Such a plastic film is available commercially in; the form of-. Saran type 18 plastic film manufactured by. the Dow Chemical Company froma copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride. The plastic film, Saran type 18 isof'suflicientlyhigh density and low porosity to be impervious to the highly penetrating ethylene oxide gas mixture, and is commercially available in the form of a-sleeve such as indicated at reference numeral 36 and comesin a rolled form as at 34. While others have tried to use bag-like sterilization chambers fabricated from nylons, polyesters, and other like films they have not been successful 'because they would not properly and adequately contain the highly penetrable ethylene oxide gas mixture. Ithas furtherbeen discovered that not all. type Saran plastic films are suitable to be employed as a sterilizing chamber, with an ethylene oxide gas mixture, :but only this particular type 18 which. is a very low porosity and high density plastic film obtainable from a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride. I
In using the sterilization apparatus of this invention an appropriate length of the Saran type 18 plastic sleeve 36 is unrolled, from the supply 34 and severed therefrom. The so separated section of sleeve 36 is thenspread out upon table 12 and a small hole 130 is made in the lower .portion 40 of the sleeve adjacent one end thereof. Next the bafile arrangement is positioned within the sleeve 6 as depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4 with gas nipple 118 extending through the hole within the sleeve and through the opening 132 of the table 12. A wet towel or cloth 128 is placed within box 114 of the bafile arrangement and the port assembly 112 is positioned within and without the sleeve and tightened thereon by nut 148 as depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4. Now the articles and materials 48 which are to be sterilized and which have been previously sealed in suitable plastic film are placed within the sleeve 36 between the upper 38 and lower 40' portions thereof. Articles and materials 48 to be sterilized are placed within suitable containers of plastic film and sealed therein to prevent contamination from handling and the like thereof after being properly sterilized, and to permit storage thereof in the sealed sterilized condition until immediately prior to their intended use. The plastic k film used as containers in which the materials to be sterilized are sealed must be of a type which is pervious to the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture such that the same may pass freely into the containers to sterilize the contents thereof and after sterilization pass freely outward of the containers. Plastic film which has been found suitable in which to seal the contents before they are placed within sterilization chamber 46 for sterilization include cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyesters, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyvinyl chlorides, and other like plastic films. After the materials and objects 48 to be sterilized are placed within sterilization chamber 46 the same is sealed at its ends 54 and 56 by means of bar arrangements 50 and 52; tightly securing the C-clamps 74 and 76 about their respective bar arrangements. After sealing the sterilization chamber 46 the air thereinis partially evacuated by means (not shown) through pipe 118 and valve 152 such that the sleeve 36 generally conforms to the shape of the load to be sterilized. Now the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture is slowly admitted into the sterilization chamber 46; the gas coming from source of supply 156, through valve 158, flow line 154, flow valve 152 and baifle assembly 110. The gas mixture being baflled and evaporated in baffle assembly 110 before entering sterilization chamber and wet towel 128 further baffiing evaporating and humidifying the sterilization gas before the same enters the seterilization chamber 46. The sterilizing gas is admitted into the sterilization chamber 46 until the same is approximately one-half full, as the compressed gas is cold and as the same warms it will expand tomore completely fill the sterilization chamber. The load 48 to be sterilized is now exposed to the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture for a period of about 16 to 24 hours to completely sterilize the contents of the-chamber; the complete sterilization of the contents can be checked by gas indicator tapes and spore strips which are attached to load 48 prior to its being placed within chamber 46. When the sterilization is complete, the gas within chamber 46 is evacuated through nipple 118 and valve 152, and thereafter air is admitted to the chamber from the atmosphere through the same valve 156 and nipple 118. After admitting air to the chamber, the same may be opened by unclamping the bar assemblies 50 and 52 at the ends thereof and the load 48 therein may be removed from the sleeve. Thereafter the load 48-is allowed to decontaminate from the ethylene oxide gas before use for a period of approximately 24 hours, especially it the objects are to come in contact with the human body.
Another embodiment of the gas sterilization apparatus of this invention is depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7, reference numerals used in FIGS. 1 through 5 indicating the same or like parts when used in FIGS. 6 and 7. In the embodiment of the invention depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7 a second sleeve 160 having an upper portion 162, lower portion 164 and open ends 166 and 168 has been placed around sterilization chamber 46 to completely enclose and encapsulate the same. The outer sleeve 160, which is slightly larger than the inner sleeve 36, has side portions 170 and 172 which extend outward of the respective side portions 42 and 44 of the inner sleeve and end portions 166 and 168 which extend beyond the respective ends 54 and 56 of the inner sleeve 36, and may also be commercially obtained in the form of a sleeve which is supplied in a rolled condition, similar to roll 34. The plastic film making up the larger or additional sleeve 160 need not necessarily be Saran type 18 plastic film; or for that matter, any other type Saran plastic film, as sleeve 160 need not be impervious to the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture. The only requirement of sleeve 160 is that in addition to being slightly larger than sterilization chamber 46 it be impervious to the passage of air therethrough and capable of being made air tight upon pinching and sealing the open ends 166 and 168 thereof within respective bar arrangements 50 and 52. That is to say, that sleeve 160 may be made of most any plastic film or other like film material which can be made air tight.
Outer sleeve 160 is provided with a valve or port assembly 174, similar to the valve used in connection with the inner tube of an automobile tire, which extends downward from the underneath side of table 12 through opening 176 therein. A small hole must be formed in the bottom portion 164 of the sleeve such that the stem 178 of the valve arrangement 174 can extend outward through the opening from the interior of the sleeve 160. Valve stem 178 is connected to disk 180 which is positioned on the inside of the sleeve. A second disk member 182 is slipped over the valve 178 to be positioned exteriorly of the sleeve and forced snugly against disk 180 with the sleeve therebetween by means of a nut 184. In this manner the port arrangement 174 is sealed to the bottom portion 164.
of the sleeve.
In use the outer sleeve 160 is positioned about sterilization chamber 46 after the same has been loaded with the materials 48 which are to be sterilized and the bafiie arrangement 110 and port assembly 112 positioned therein and secured thereon. After sleeve 160 has been positioned about inner sleeve 36 the open ends 54 and 56, and 166 and 168 of respective sleeves 36 and 160 are closed and sealed employing bar arrangements 50 and 52, being secured by means of C-clamps 74 and 76. Next the sterilization chamber 46 is partially evacuated and then a small amount of air is admitted into sleeve 160 through valve assembly 174, whereupon the ethylene oxide sterilizing gas mixture is admitted to sterilization chamber 76 as previously described hereinabove. When the desired amount of sterilant has been admitted to the sterilization chamber 46 the amount of air within outer sleeve 160 may be adjusted such that there is an air pressure within the outer sleeve or between about 15 and approximately 30 pounds p.s.i.g. In this manner the sterilization process may be speeded up from about 16 to 24 hours to about 6 to 8 hours to obtain complete sterilization of the objects 48 within sterilization chamber 46. The remainder of the sterilization process is carried out as described hereinabove. The only variation in this embodiment, as depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7, being that with the use of a second outer sleeve a small amount of pressure can be applied to the sterilization chamber to thereby substantially reduce the amount of time required to effect complete sterilization.
If it is desired to further speed up the sterilization process a source of heat, such as indicated by reference numeral 186 in FIGS. 1 and 6, may be added to and placed within the sterilization chamber 46 prior to sealing its ends. The heat source 186 can be almost any appropriate source of heat, such as a hot water bottle, heated bar of metal alloy which retains its heat or an electric heat generator preplaced within the sterilization chamber. In addition to the aforementioned source ofheat 186 could be one or a series of heat or infra-red lamps, such as depicted at reference numeral 188 in FIG.'3, positioned above and externally of the sterilization chamber; or the work surface 12 could be electrically warmed such as to whereby the time required for completion of the sterilization process is substantially reduced.
Additionally, indicating means such as depicted at reference numeral can be placed within sleeve 36 and sealed therein with the articles 48 which are to be sterilized. Indicating means 190 can include temperature measuring and recording instruments, pressure measuring and recording instruments, humidity measuring and recording instruments, gas tape indicators, spore strips, and the like, such that the conditions within sterilization chamber 46 and the progress of the sterilization process could be observed and checked at all times.
In FIG. 9 is depicted an additional clamping arrangement for sealing an end of sleeve 36, such as at 56, without the necessity of severing sleeve 36 from the roll 34 of sleeving material. In this assembly there is provided a frame member 192 which is capable of completely surrounding a width of sleeve 36; and in which a bar arrangement, as at 52 including upper bar member 62 and lower bar member 64, may be placed with the sleeve passing therebetween. A plurality of threaded bolts 194 with rotatable tips 198 on their lower ends and handle members 196 on their upper ends extend through spaced and threaded openings within the upper portion of frame 192, such that bar member 62 may be compressed against bar member 64 to seal sleeve 36 therebetween.
While only certain preferred embodiments of this invention have been shown an described by way of illustration, many modifications will occur to those skilled in the art and it is, therefore, desired that it be understood that it is intended in the appended claims to cover all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
What is claimed as new and what it is desired to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. Sterilization apparatus for use in a gas sterilization process comprising in combination a flexible and collapsible gas-impermeable and unitary container having a side wall and closed ends, said side wall having an opening therein between said ends, detachable conduit means gas sealed through said opening, and means externally of said container for introducing a gas sterilant-through said conduit means into said container.
2. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim-1 wherein said container comprises a high density, low porosity copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride film substantially impervious to an ethylene oxide sterilant gas mixture.
3. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a source of infra-red light associated with said container to heat the gas sterilant within said container, said source of infra-red light being positioned exteriorly of said container, and said container being infra-red permeable.
4. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said container comprises a sleeve having open ends to permit easy access thereinto for the insertion of articles therein to besterilized, and releasable means for compressing the open ends of said sleeve to close said ends against the escape of gas.
5. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said sleeve comprises a high density, lowporosity copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride film substantially impervious to an ethylene oxide sterilant gas mixture.
6.. The sterilization apparatus as defined in: claim 4.
wherein said releasable means for compressing said open ends of said sleeve includes a first elongated bar having an elongated generally I V-shaped groove extending throughout its length and'being of a length greater than the width of said sleeve, a second elongated bar'of substantially the same length as said first bar and having an elongated generally V-shaped tongue extending throughout its length, said tongue being complementary to said groove with said sleeve positioned there between, and means for releasably clamping said bars together thereby sealing said sleeve end in gas-tight relationship.
7. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 4 further comprising a second flexible and collapsible sleeve, said second sleeve having open ends and being formed from air-impermeable material, said second sleeve being of sufficient size to encapsulate said sleeve, said releaseable means for compressing said open ends of said sleeve further compressing said open ends of said second sleeve in air-tight relationship, and means for introducing air into and withdrawing the same from the interior of said second sleeve whereby pneumatic pressure may be applied to the exterior of said sleeve to decrease the time required to sterilize the articles within said sleeve.
8. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said conduit means is removable from said sleeve, wherein said sleeve is the end portion of a roll of sleeving, and means rearwardly of one of said releaseable means for supporting said roll, whereby upon removal of said conduit means and release of said releaseable means, said sleeve is readily replaced by a new section of sleeving unrolled from said roll.
9. The. sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said releaseable means for compressing said open ends of said sleeve includes an elongated bar, one of said open ends of said sleeve along its width being wrapped around said bar, said releaseable means for compressing further including clamp means engaging said wrapped sleeve on said bar and compressing said sleeve end into a gas-tight closed condition.
10. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein said elongated bar is of a length greater than the width of said sleeve.
11. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein said clamp means includes an elongated channel of a length generally equal to the width of said sleeve and having two parallel flanges and a base therebetween, the distance between said flanges being less than the thickness of said bar with said sleeve wrapped therearound whereb said flanges frictionally engage said wrapped sleeve.
12. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said conduit means includes a tube extending through said opening in said side wall of said container, an internal washer sealed around said tube internally of said container, an external washer surrounding said tube juxtaposed to said internal washer and disposed externally of said container, and means cooperating with said tube to force said washers toward each other thereby to clamp said side wall of said container between said washers peripherally around said opening.
13. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 12 further comprising a baflie permeable to gas and substantially impermeable to liquid disposed within said container and connected to said tube to pass the gas sterilant received therethrough into said container interior and to block the entry of liquefied portions of the gas sterilant thereinto.
14. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 13 wherein said baflie includes a Water-laden member, said member being adapated and arranged to humidity the gas sterilant passing therethrough.
15. Sterilization apparatus for use in a gas sterilization process comprising -in combination a gas-impermeable container having a flexible and collapsible portion, means externally of said container for introducing a gas sterilant into said container, a second container, said second container being formed from an air-impermeable material and being of suflicient size to encapsulate said gas-impermeable container, and means for introducing air into and withdrawing the same from the interior of said second container whereby pneumatic pressure may be applied to the exterior of said gas-impermeable container to decrease the time required to sterilize articles insertable within said gas-impermeable container.
16. The sterilization apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein said flexible and collapsible portion of said gas impermeable container comprises a high density, low porosity copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride film.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,898,236 2/1933 Blank 20663.2 2,075,845 4/1937 Gross et al. 2l-58 XR 2,572,669 10/1951 Sarge et al.
3,016,284 1/1962 Trexler 206-632 XR 3,025,649 3/1962 Stuhlman 206-7 XR 3,038,593 6/1962 Root et al. 2065 3,093,242 6/ 1963 Huyck et al.
3,114,599 12/1963 Fanning 2l58 XR 3,117,832 1/1964 Thomas 2l58 3,238,096 3/1966 Kaye 2l58 XR 3,372,980 3/1968 Satas 21-58 MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner B. S. RICHMAN, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
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|Filing date
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|Blank Ernst
|Sterile packing for dressings
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|Liggett & Myers Tobacco Compan
|Method of sterilizing
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|Dow Chemical Co
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|Univ Notre Dame Du Lac
|Process for introducing sterile material in apparatus having controlled atmosphere
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|E Z Packaging Corp
|Garment bagging machine
|Jan 2, 1959
|Jun 12, 1962
|Martin John O
|Means for packaging articles
|Jul 10, 1961
|Jun 11, 1963
|Aseptic Thermo Indicator Compa
|Packaged article for ethylene oxide sterilization and subsequent storage
|Dec 18, 1961
|Dec 17, 1963
|Fanning Howard J
|Gas sterilizer
|Feb 7, 1961
|Jan 14, 1964
|Andre Thomas
|Method and apparatus for biological sterilization and related processes
|Feb 4, 1959
|Mar 1, 1966
|Ben Venue Lab Inc
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|Mar 12, 1968
|Kendall & Co
|Recyclization of ethylene oxide
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 21, 1976
|May 3, 1977
|Brooks Lawrence L
|Hair stylist's accessory
|Dec 31, 1981
|Jul 24, 1984
|American Sterilizer Company
|Apr 8, 1983
|Apr 22, 1986
|Sanderson Roger S
|Sterile bag
|Apr 21, 1986
|Jul 5, 1988
|Sanderson Roger S
|Method of sterilizing and storing articles
|Sep 27, 1988
|May 14, 1991
|Sherwood Medical Company
|Method of sterilizing medical articles
|Sep 27, 1993
|Aug 23, 1994
|Liquid Carbonic Corporation
|Sterilizing gas delivery method
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|Oct 5, 1999
|St. Jude Medical, Inc.
|Storage container
|Dec 3, 2010
|Sep 2, 2014
|Medivators Inc.
|Container and system for decontaminating a medical device with a fog
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|Nov 18, 2014
|Medivators Inc.
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|Jun 29, 2007
|Jan 17, 2008
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Packages for tooth whitening products
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|Minntech Corporation
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|U.S. Classification
|422/294, 422/34, 206/438
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
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Minneapolis, MNUSA
Hometown: Missoula,MT
September 19, 2013
I have been knitting since I took a class at a yarn shop (can't remember the name) kinda by downtown Mpls off of Washington I think it was. I did only scarves for a good 4 years and then just recently in the past 5+ years I have been teaching myself to knit off of patterns and I am slowly working my way to being able to make my own patterns. I love yarn, the look, the feel, the colors, and love all kinds - even the cheap stuff b/c it is machine washable for my son who is 3.
I love to knit and have been looking to learn to crochet embellishments for the little things I do make to sell
My name is Alesha and I used to live in SLP back in 02-06' then moved to MT. We just moved back to SLP a week ago (April 1 st, 2014) and I am looking for a new SnB to join. I love knitting and am always trying new things.
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