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by Kristina Killgrove in Powered By Osteons
A few months ago, the news media carried a story about "Bones of Leper Warrior found in Medieval Cemetery" in central Italy. The publication by Mauro Rubini and Paola Zaio was in early view at the time and was just published in the July issue of the Journal of Archaeological Science (see citation below). I noticed that Katy Meyers blogged about it today over at Bones Don't Lie, but I'm afraid I can't be as charitable as she is in pointing out the flaws.
8th c Avar Warrior
(credit: Wikimedia commons)
Rubini and Zaio studied skeletons from 234 graves in an early Medieval (6th-8th century) cemetery in Molise (south-central Italy). Based on grave goods, they suggest that the people buried in the cemetery were of different ethnic backgrounds - the Eurasian Avars, Lombards, and indigenous Italians - and were semi-nomadic. Three of the skeletons appear to have warfare-related wounds, and one of the three also suffered from leprosy in life. The authors therefore conclude that the three were "warriors from the East." The finding of a "leper warrior" is actually quite interesting, and I'll return to this at the end. But there is one very problematic feature of this article that quite frankly surprised me, considering the high profile of the journal and the research caliber of the first author.
The authors offer no evidence to back up their claim that the cemetery was the burial place of people of different geographical origins, aside from the off-hand statement that "the multicultural context of the necropolis is shown by the presence of Lombard, indigenous, and Asian grave goods" (p. 1552). Sure, different populations may have different artifacts, but the presence of, say, "typical Avar stirrups" does not prove an individual's ethnicity or background, nor does the similarity of the graves to "Pazyryk burials in the placement of the horse, body and grave goods" (ibid.). As every bioarchaeology student knows from reading The Archaeology of Death and Burial (Parker Pearson 1999), a grave and its associated goods is much more likely to represent the values and mores of the group burying a person than of the person himself. It's rather curious that Rubino and Zaio include a lengthy explanation of the fact that the Avars were not a distinct ethnic population but rather were "a heterogeneous, multi-ethnic population [... and] a union of multiple cultural patterns" (p. 1551) immediately before talking about the distinct "Asian" (whatever that means) presence in the Campochiaro cemetery.
Especially problematic is Rubini and Zaio's claim that the Lombard/Avar/indigenous classification is "supported also by the preliminary anthropological study of the skeletal sample" (p. 1552). The study is not specified here, but in the authors' later description of the three graves of interest, the questionable analysis becomes clear (pp. 1554-6):
Grave n. 20 (see Fig. 3) Individual of male sex, with age at death over 55 years. Height was estimated at about 161.5 cm. The skull shows, according to the suggestions of Corrain (2002), characteristics of Mongolic type: dolicomorphous with a superior profile of ovoid shape, flat face and large, low orbit. [...] Grave n. 102 (Fig. 5) Individual of male sex, with age at death 50-55 years. Height was estimated at about 169.7 cm. According to the suggestions of Corrain (2002), the skull shows characteristics of the Dinarico-Adriatic type: brachimorphous with superior profile of ovoid shape and narrow frontal.
[...] Grave n. 108 (Fig. 7) Individual of male sex, with age at death over 50 years. Height was estimated at about 161.1 cm. The skull shows a mesomorphous shape with a long and narrow face.Just as biological anthropology in the U.S. in the 19th century was influenced by Samuel Morton's racist ideology in the construction of biological "types" and "races" (q.v. yesterday's post), biological anthropology in 19th century Italy was influenced by Cesare Lombroso's theory of atavism and "born criminals." Morton interpreted his data on skull shape to fit his preconceived notions of race, and Lombroso did the same to fit ideas of "criminals," who all too often included the economically disadvantaged south Italians (Killgrove 2005).
Within biological anthropology in the U.S., we have worked hard to move on from Samuel Morton, Carleton Coon, and the use of the cephalic index in general. So it always disheartens me when clearly archaic terminology is used to discuss skeletons. Mongolic and Dinarico-Adriatic types? Dolico-, brachi- and mesomorphous? These terms have no place in today's biological anthropology, which is focused on understanding the diversity of the human population, both modern and ancient. Skulls are not pots - we can't create a typology of cranial features and expect to be able to pick someone's head out of a lineup. When we do this, we inevitably learn by using alternate methods that inter-population variation is low and gene flow was considerable (e.g., Killgrove 2009). Classifications such as Dinarico-Adriatic are based on Coon's The Races of Europe (1939), and we've pretty clearly posthumously castigated Coon for advancing segregation in the U.S. in spite of the lack of scientific data to support clear "racial" differences.
There's absolutely no evidence within the Rubini and Zaio article that the three individuals of interest were from another geographic area - skull morphology doesn't cut it, and "ethnic" artifacts in the grave don't convince me either. Were these "warriors from the East" as the article title implies? Maybe. But I'll need to see some aDNA or isotope data to consider the claim to be plausible.
Skull of the Leper Warrior
(credit: Rubini and Zaio, fig. 8a)
What is interesting about the article - and, I assume, the reason that JAS published it - is the authors' finding that a man over the age of 50 who was afflicted with leprosy likely engaged in warfare. It shouldn't be revelatory that lepers in the past went to war, just as it shouldn't be revelatory that women in the past were active agents in war. But considering the dearth of evidence we have for this kind of behavior in antiquity (and our own preconceived contemporary Western notions of alpha male warriors as different from frail, sickly lepers and powerless, weak women), the discovery of a warrior with leprosy is quite cool.
While I don't want to take away from Rubini and Zaio's fascinating discovery of the leper warrior, I do want to point out their employment of problematic and archaic terminology in discussing skeletal remains. It surprises me that in the 21st century, anthropologists are still using these racially-tinged terms, and it surprises me even more that reviewers for the top-tier journal JAS would let the authors claim they'd found "Eastern" people with no real evidence of it.
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M. Rubini, & P. Zaio. (2011) Warriors from the East. Skeletal evidence of warfare from a Lombard-Avar cemetery in central Italy (Campochiaro, Molise, 6th-8th century AD). Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(7), 1551-1559. info:/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.020
K. Killgrove. (2009) Rethinking taxonomies: skeletal variation on the North Carolina coastal plain. Southeastern Archaeology, 28(1), 87-100. info:other/
by Kristina Killgrove in Powered By Osteons
Stephen Jay Gould famously argued in his best-known work, The Mismeasure of Man, that Samuel Morton unconsciously manipulated his data on cranial capacity in different populations to fit his own preconceived, racist notions about human variation. Gould undertook a reanalysis of Morton's data and leveled a variety of accusations against Morton: he incorrectly measured skulls, made mathematical errors, picked and chose his sample populations, and didn't report all of the data he collected. I would be surprised if any biological anthropologist did not have to read The Mismeasure of Man in a college or graduate course somewhere along the line. I've even assigned chapters from it when teaching my own classes as well. The Gould vs. Morton case is often used to illustrate that scientists are humans and humans can be biased.
Yesterday, an article by Jason Lewis and colleagues came out in PLoS Biology contradicting Gould's conclusions about Morton: "The Mismeasure of Science: Stephen Jay Gould versus Samuel George Morton on Skulls and Bias". The authors remeasured Morton's skulls and reanalyzed both Morton's and Gould's data and have concluded that Gould's claims about Morton's bias are either poorly supported or falsified. It's a fascinating read, particularly the powerful last paragraphs:
[...] Our results falsify Gould's hypothesis that Morton manipulated his data to conform with his a priori views. The data on cranial capacity gathered by Morton are generally reliable, and he reported them fully. Overall, we find that Morton's initial reputation as the objectivist of his era was well-deserved. That Morton's data are reliable despite his clear bias weakens the argument of Gould and others that biased results are endemic in science. Gould was certainly correct to note that scientists are human beings and, as such, are inevitably biased, a point frequently made in "science studies." But the power of the scientific approach is that a properly designed and executed methodology can largely shield the outcome from the influence of the investigator's bias. Science does not rely on investigators being unbiased "automatons." Instead, it relies on methods that limit the ability of the investigator's admittedly inevitable biases to skew the results. Morton's methods were sound, and our analysis shows that they prevented Morton's biases from significantly impacting his results. The Morton case, rather than illustrating the ubiquity of bias, instead shows the ability of science to escape the bounds and blinders of cultural contexts.Morton's study of skulls published in Crania Americana seems to have been grounded in good science after all. His interpretation of the differences he saw, however, was not. We know now - thanks in large part to Franz Boas, the father of American anthropology - that environment most directly influences the size and shape of one's skull, not one's "race" or ethnic background. The study by Lewis and colleagues, though, shows that Gould's interpretations may have been as clouded as Morton's, and it seems that Gould may have set up a straw man in Morton, attacking his science rather than his interpretations.
Anyone out there who's read The Mismeasure of Man should read the eye-opening PLoS article. (And John Hawks' post on the topic here.) It might change the way you think about bias in scientific studies.
J.E. Lewis, D. DeGusta, M.R. Meyer, J.M. Monge, A.E. Mann, & R.L. Holloway (2011). The Mismeasure of Science: Stephen Jay Gould versus Samuel George Morton on Skulls and Bias PLoS Biology, 9 (6) : 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001071... Read more »
J.E. Lewis, D. DeGusta, M.R. Meyer, J.M. Monge, A.E. Mann, & R.L. Holloway. (2011) The Mismeasure of Science: Stephen Jay Gould versus Samuel George Morton on Skulls and Bias. PLoS Biology, 9(6). info:/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001071
by Cris Campbell in Genealogy of Religion
In 1977, Stephen King published his short story "Children of the Corn" in Penthouse. Seven years later, movie audiences across the nation were horrified by the ritual doings of small town Nebraska kids who worshiped something malevolent in the corn.
It surely was no coincidence that later in the year, Nebraska experienced a sharp drop in [...]... Read more »
Atkinson, Quentin D., & Whitehouse, Harvey. (2011) The Cultural Morphospace of Ritual Form: Examining Modes of Religiosity Cross-Culturally. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32(1), 50-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.09.002
by zacharoo in Lawn Chair Anthropology
One of my favorite paleoanthropological sites is Dmanisi, in the Republic of Georgia. It is the oldest securely dated hominid site outside Africa (just under 1.85 million years ago), and the hominids found there display a neat mix of primitive Homo habilis and derived H. erectus features. I consider myself lucky to have had the opportunity to excavate at Dmanisi last year, and to return to Georgia (lamazi Sakartvelo! [I hope I translated that correctly]) for more fieldwork next month.
Recently, Reid Ferring and others (2011) described the results of excavations of M5, a section of the site a bit aways from the area where the hominids were found. M5 is pretty cool because it presents a nice geological "layer cake," as Ferring described it to us: each of the strata (different layers of deposition) are nicely and evenly stacked on one another. Check out the labeled layers on the right of the figure, from Ferring et al. 2011:This is in stark contrast to the jumbled strata (like 'spaghetti') where the hominids were found. In geology and archaeology, there is a general "law of superposition," which states that the lowest layers in a sequence would have been deposited earlier than the layers above them. The A sediments at Dmanisi, as seen in the figure above, are thus older than the Bs. Hominids have only been found in the B sediments. But work at M5 has shown that stone tools are found in the older A sediments, meaning that hominids arrived at the site and used it continually, beginning just after 1.85 million years ago.
Tools from the site differ between the older A and slightly later (still older than 1.75 million years!) B sediments in both material and manufacture. As they say in the paper (p. 2/5), a major difference in tool manufacture between the strata A and B occupations could be that during the earlier A times, "either cores were more intensively reduced or selected flakes were made elsewhere and carried to the site." I'm not sure why this may be, but it is neat that within a fairly narrow time span, researchers can see habits change in our early ancestors.
The authors also note that the older tools from A sediments indicate "that Eurasia was probably occupied before Homo erectus appears in the East African fossil record" (from the paper's abstract). If only hominids also came out of the A sediments! The News is touting this as meaning H. erectus evolved in Eurasia and then some members of the 'new species' moved back into Africa, but I don't think this is necessarily the case. The Dmanisi hominids are described as H. erectus, but lack some key H. erectus apomorphies (most notably a large brain size) and really look pretty similar to contemporary hominids in Kenya (such as KNM-ER 3733) and Tanzania (such as OH 16). Plus, the E. African hominid fossil record around 1.9 million years ago leaves some tantalizing hints at hominids more erectus-like than habilis-like, such as the ER 2598 occipital fragment.
So while Dmanisi definitely demonstrates the presence of hominids outside Africa earlier than most well-accepted "Homo erectus" (or "ergaster") fossils in E. Africa, I don't think they necessarily indicate that the species arose in Eurasia. Rather, what the fossil record likely shows is the evolution of populations of early Homo, in Africa and Eurasia, toward the more 'advanced' H. erectus we know and love (due to gene flow w/in a widespread species, rather than parallel evolution of similar traits in different species).
ReferenceFerring R, Oms O, Agustí J, Berna F, Nioradze M, Shelia T, Tappen M, Vekua A, Zhvania D, & Lordkipanidze D (2011). Earliest human occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) dated to 1.85-1.78 Ma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America PMID: 21646521... Read more »
Ferring R, Oms O, Agustí J, Berna F, Nioradze M, Shelia T, Tappen M, Vekua A, Zhvania D, & Lordkipanidze D. (2011) Earliest human occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) dated to 1.85-1.78 Ma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID: 21646521
by Kevin Karpiak in Kevin Karpiak's Blog
Does anthropological evidence support the idea of a universal moral grammar?... Read more »
Saba Mahmood. (2001) Feminist Theory, Embodiment, and the Docile Agent: Some Reflections on the Egyptian Islamic Revival. Cultural Anthropology, 16(2), 202-236. DOI: 10.1525/can.2001.16.2.202
by Krystal D'Costa in Anthropology in Practice
We've all been there—the "Oh, [expletive]" moment. Perhaps the door just shut and your keys are still sitting on the counter. Or you get to the subway/bus stop just as your mass transit mode of choice is pulling away. Perhaps you've left your wallet at home, and there are blue lights flashing in your rear view mirror. Or maybe your expletive moment is a bit darker: a broken promise, a hurt friend, or a damaged relationship through some fault of your own. After all, regret is all about you and what you could have done differently. It can certainly vary in intensity, but we've all been there a time or two. Regret is a hard emotion to avoid. It is a curious emotion—a mixture of disappointment, shame, sadness, and self blame, and it can be both a hindrance and provide a much needed push in the face of opportunity. Does the experience of regret serve a purpose? Is it a necessary element of sociality?
One researcher suggests that there are two main forms of regret (1). The first is a "hot emotion" that carries a blow. For example, it's what you feel when you suffer a loss because you didn't follow instructions or seek guidance. It's the punch to the diaphragm as you think about the things you could have done differently, or that sinking feeling of despair as you're confronted with disappointment. The second is a form of wistful thinking. "If only" fills this category: If only I had taken the time to check where my keys were or if only I had walked away from that argument. Common to both forms is a sense that something could have been done differently. That is the nature of regret: the belief that a negative outcome is the result of one's own actions, and could have been avoided if one had taken an alternative path (2, 3).
The role of regret in decision-making is twofold. On one hand, it can be limiting. We tend to overgeneralize negative results, and so it may be that one poor choice can prevent you from taking any action that remotely resembles the regrettable course (4). For example, you may refrain from giving advice if your suggestion doesn't go as planned. Or you may stop purchasing a particular brand if you have problems with one of their products. Or you may avoid a particular topic if others seemed to have responded poorly to those ideas in the past. In this context, regret can easily become consuming. That is, the individual can be so focused on what he did wrong and what he would do differently, that it immobilizes him, rendering him incapable of accepting and resolving the situation. On the other hand, it can make us more attuned to missed opportunities. For example, if you paid more for something because the sale expired as you waited to see if the price would drop further, you may be less inclined to wait going forward. Or if you realize that you should have spoken up to prevent a friend from being hurt, you may decide to speak up sooner if it means saving a friendship.
Regret seems to operate as a social gauge. It may serve as a flag that a transgression has occurred that would not be acceptable on a continued basis. If this is indeed the case, then it may be possible to conceive of regret as a form of social apology, particularly if the regret is public—that is, if the regret is the result of an act that makes you look badly or lose status or standing, then regret may be a form of "remedial self-preservation" (5). In accepting blame for the event, the actor vilifies himself:Apologies split the self into two parts, a "bad" self that is vilified for the incident and a "good" self that proclaims a recognition of the misconduct and extends a promise (often implicit) of more acceptable behavior in the future (6).In this regard, regret is a personal assessment of perceived external judgment. It cannot be assigned, like blame. Regret is something we take upon ourselves. And the human tendency is to assume the worst: "People routinely overestimate the emotional impact of negative events ranging from professional failures and romantic breakups to electoral losses, sports defeats, and medical setbacks" (7). So we ultimately determine what to regret and what not to regret. If regret is consuming, is it because we allow it to be so?
Perhaps then regret stems from a conflict between this assessment and the true desires of the individual. It is possible to want something that society tells you is inappropriate—of course, we've moved beyond the regret of forgotten keys at this point, but regret truly does seem to exist on a sliding scale. More than just wistful thinking, which is a past-oriented perspective, regret may very much be rooted in the present in a sense of futility—firmly ensconced in the inability to pursue that which you desire most for whatever reason.
What are your thoughts on this emotion? Is it better to take a chance and pursue what you desire? Or should we wrestle with regret?
Cited:Gilbert DT, Morewedge CK, Risen JL, & Wilson TD (2004). Looking Forward to Looking Backward: The Misprediction of Regret. Psychological science, 15 (5), 346-50 PMID: 15102146
John Sabini and Maury Silver (2005). Why Emotion Names and Experiences Don't Neatly Pair Psychological Inquiry, 16 (1), 1-10
Schlenker, Barry, & Darby, Bruce (1981). The Use of Apologies in Social Predicaments. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44 (3), 271-278 DOI: 10.2307/3033840
Notes:1. Sabini and Silver (2005): 9. 2. Gilbert et. al. (2004): 346.3. Sabini: 7.4. Gilbert: 346. 5. Schlenker and Darby 1981: 271. 6. Schlenker and Darby: 272.7. Gilbert: 346.
... Read more »
Gilbert DT, Morewedge CK, Risen JL, & Wilson TD. (2004) Looking Forward to Looking Backward: The Misprediction of Regret. Psychological science, 15(5), 346-50. PMID: 15102146
John Sabini and Maury Silver. (2005) Why Emotion Names and Experiences Don't Neatly Pair. Psychological Inquiry, 16(1), 1-10. info:/
Schlenker, Barry, & Darby, Bruce. (1981) The Use of Apologies in Social Predicaments. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44(3), 271-278. DOI: 10.2307/3033840
by Neuroskeptic in Neuroskeptic
There's a widespread belief that mental illness is getting more common, or that it has got more common in recent years.A new study in the British Journal of Psychiatry says: no, it's not. They looked at the UK APMS mental health surveys, which were done in 1993, 2000 and 2007. Long-time readers will remember these.The authors of the new paper analyzed the data by birth cohort, i.e. when you were born, and by age at the time of the survey. If mental illness were rising, you'd predict that people born more recently would have higher rates of mental illness at any given age.The headline finding: there was no cohort effect, implying that rates of mental illness aren't changing. There was a strong age effect: in men, rates peak at about age 50; in women the data is rather messy but in general the rate is flat up to age 50 and then it falls off, like in men. But there's no evidence that those born recently are at higher risk.The only exception was that men born after 1950 were at somewhat higher risk than those born earlier as shown by the "break" on the graph above. The effect for women was smaller. The most recent cohort, those born after 1985, were also above the curve but there was only one datapoint there, so it's hard to interpret.We also get a rather cute graph showing how life changes with age:As you get older, you get less irritable and, if you're a woman, you'll worry less. But sleep problems and, in men, fatigue, increase. Overall, 50 is the worst age in terms of total symptoms. After that, it gets better. Well, that's nice to know. Or not, depending on your age.Overall, the authors say:Our finding of subsequently stable rates contradicts popular media stories of a relentlessly rising tide of mental illness, at least for men. Stable prevalence in the male population, together with peaking of the prevalence of common mental disorder at about age 50 years, indicates that a large increase in projected rates of poor mental health is unlikely in the male population in the near future....Trends in women are less clearly identified, with considerable increases in the prevalence of sleep problems, but no clear increase or even some decrease in other measures. Further research is needed to relate these age and cohort differences to drivers of mental health such as employment status and family composition.Caution's warranted, though, because the APMS data were based on self-reported symptoms of mental illness assessed by lay interviewers. As I've argued before, self-report is problematic, but this is true of almost all of these kinds of studies.More unusual is that this study didn't attempt to assign formal diagnoses, it just looked at total symptoms on the CIS Scale; a total of 12 or more was considered to indicate "probable disorder".Purists would say that this is a weakness and that you ought to be making full DSM-IV diagnoses, but honestly, it's got its own problems, and I think this is no worse.Finally, this study only looked at "common mental disorders" i.e. depression and various kinds of anxiety symptoms. Things like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder weren't included, but from what I remember they're not rising either.Spiers N, Bebbington P, McManus S, Brugha TS, Jenkins R, & Meltzer H (2011). Age and birth cohort differences in the prevalence of common mental disorder in England: National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys 1993-2007. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 198, 479-84 PMID: 21628710... Read more »
Spiers N, Bebbington P, McManus S, Brugha TS, Jenkins R, & Meltzer H. (2011) Age and birth cohort differences in the prevalence of common mental disorder in England: National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys 1993-2007. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 479-84. PMID: 21628710
by Kristina Killgrove in Powered By Osteons
Actually, Papa Bear, humans are a bit similar to trees.... Read more »
E. Kerley. (1965) The microscopic determination of age in human bone. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 23(2), 149-163. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330230215
Kerley ER, & Ubelaker DH. (1978) Revisions in the microscopic method of estimating age at death in human cortical bone. American journal of physical anthropology, 49(4), 545-6. PMID: 216268
by Cris Campbell in Genealogy of Religion
Imagine you are dining at a friend's home. Your host is excited because she has prepared a special dish for you. When dinner is finally served, you are surprised to see a whole egg on your plate and when you open the egg, you are even more surprised to see this:
That's balut, a dish of [...]... Read more »
Ritter, Ryan, & Preston, Jesse Lee. (2011) Gross gods and icky atheism: Disgust responses to rejected religious beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. info:/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.006
by Michelle Ziegler in Contagions
The Marseille plague group has been suggesting for some time now that human lice could be a major vector of medieval plague. To test their hypothesis the group devised a multiplex PCR screening method to rapidly screen many aDNA samples for seven pathogens that could cause medieval epidemics, including relapsing fever and trench fever transmitted by human lice. ... Read more »
Tran TN, Forestier CL, Drancourt M, Raoult D, & Aboudharam G. (2011) Brief communication: Co-detection of Bartonella quintana and Yersinia pestis in an 11th-15th burial site in Bondy, France. American journal of physical anthropology. PMID: 21541920
Tran TN, Signoli M, Fozzati L, Aboudharam G, Raoult D, & Drancourt M. (2011) High throughput, multiplexed pathogen detection authenticates plague waves in medieval venice, Italy. PloS one, 6(3). PMID: 21423736
Ayyadurai S, Sebbane F, Raoult D, & Drancourt M. (2010) Body lice, yersinia pestis orientalis, and black death. Emerging infectious diseases, 16(5), 892-3. PMID: 20409400
by Stuart Farrimond in Dr Stu's Science Blog
Veganism – it's just something for middle-class 'hippies' right? Vegans are those tree-hugging, hemp-wearing festival-goers who say 'man' far too much. Well perhaps it's time for a rethink on that stereotype. At least if you care about environment, that is. If you had thought you could do your bit to fight global warming by getting … Continue reading »... Read more »
Gidon Eshel and Pamela A. Marti. (2006) Diet, Energy and Global Warming. Earth Interactions, 10(9), 1-17. DOI: 10.1175/EI167.1
Campbell TC, Parpia B, & Chen J. (1998) Diet, lifestyle, and the etiology of coronary artery disease: the Cornell China study. The American journal of cardiology, 82(10B). PMID: 9860369
Fengxia Dong . (2007) Changing Diets in China's Cities: Empirical Fact or Urban Legend?. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development at Iowa State University. info:/
by Cris Campbell in Genealogy of Religion
Few books in the history of anthropology are better known (but never read) than James George Frazer's The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion. First published in 1890 (2 volumes), Frazer published a second edition in 1900 (3 volumes), and a rolling third edition between 1911 and 1915 which ballooned to 12 volumes.
Though [...]... Read more »
Ackerman, Robert. (1975) Frazer on Myth and Ritual. Journal of the History of Ideas, 36(1), 115-134. DOI: 10.2307/2709014
by Neuroskeptic in Neuroskeptic
When is killing yourself not suicide?In the British Journal of Psychiatry, two psychiatrists and an anthropologist discuss recent cases of self-immolation as a form of political protest in the Arab world:Since ancient times there has been a difference between suicide (an act of self-destruction) and self-immolation which, although self- destructive, has a sacrificial connotation. Self-immolation is associated with terrible physical pain (burning alive) and with the idea of courage... It is, however, a new phenomenon in Arab Muslim societies.The self-immolation of the young Tunisian Mohamed Bouazizi, a street vendor, expresses both the extreme hurt associated with the harassment and humiliation that was inflicted on him after his wares had been confiscated, and the fact that there were no other ways to be heard in a country where he knew no kind of political system other than dictatorship...His gesture is now being replicated, mostly by other young men in Arab countries.These events ....raise important issues for psychiatrists and mental health professionals. First, these events highlight the social, political and cultural dimensions of suicide as a powerful collective idiom of distress. In the Tunisian case there is a shift from an individual sinful suicide to a sacrifice which evokes martyrdom. Fire symbolises purification...Second, in spite of the fact that the idiom of distress put forward by these Arab youth is radically different from the usual profile of youth suicide in Western countries, these events may also be an invitation to rethink the collective dimensions of youth suicide as a protest against society. Without minimising the role of psychopathology and interpersonal factors, it may be time to revisit the collective meaning associated by youth with the decision to exit a world in which they may feel they do not always have a voice.There's certainly a perception that some suicide is "political", and quite different from similar actions done for "personal" reasons. The same goes for breaking the law: we make a distinction between "common criminals", who do it for their own sake, and people who do so for an ideal.But I wonder whether this political/personal distinction is so clear-cut, psychologically speaking. Even "political" suicide has a personal component: in most cases, millions of people are in the same political situation, but only a few people burn themselves. Politics alone doesn't explain any individual case.Conversely the idea that "personal" suicide is simply a symptom of an individual's mental illness is likewise inadaquate - most people with mental illness, even very severe cases, do not do it. We have to look into the social sphere as well.Emile Durkheim drew a distinction between "egoistic" suicide, related to an individual's "prolonged sense of not belonging, of not being integrated in a community" and "anomic" suicide, caused by upheavals in society leading to "an individual's moral confusion and lack of social direction". But aren't those different ways of looking at the same thing?Cheikh IB, Rousseau C, & Mekki-Berrada A (2011). Suicide as protest against social suffering in the Arab world. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 198, 494-5 PMID: 21628715... Read more »
Cheikh IB, Rousseau C, & Mekki-Berrada A. (2011) Suicide as protest against social suffering in the Arab world. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 494-5. PMID: 21628715
by Cris Campbell in Genealogy of Religion
There is a sense in which we are all cultural narcissists. By this, I mean that because all of us are acculturated at a particular time and in a particular place, we have a strong tendency to view other times and places through our own cultural lens. These lenses are prismatic and what we see [...]... Read more »
Bird-David, Nurit. (1999) "Animism" Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology. Current Anthropology. DOI: 10.1086/200061
Bergman, I., Ostlund, L., Zackrisson, O., & Liedgren, L. (2008) Varro Muorra: The Landscape Significance of Sami Sacred Wooden Objects and Sacrificial Altars. Ethnohistory, 55(1), 1-28. DOI: 10.1215/00141801-2007-044
by Ingrid Piller in Language on the Move
I've recently come across the story of Chibana Shoichi, who burnt the Japanese flag in 1987 to commemorate the Okinawan victims of WWII Japanese militarism. The story is intriguing not because of the flag-burning incident but because Shoichi also keeps … Continue reading →... Read more »
Heinrich, P. (2004) Language Planning and Language Ideology in the Ryūkyū Islands. Language Policy, 153-179. DOI: 10.1023/B:LPOL.0000036192.53709.fc
by Julien Riel-Salvatore in A Very Remote Period Indeed
In a comment on my last post, Maju who's a regular commenter on this blog, pointed out that recent finds in the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf suggest that modern humans might have been present in the Middle East by the time Shanidar 3 was killed. Some of the specific evidence in support of this that has come out in the past year include that presented by Armitage et al. (2011) and Rose (... Read more »
Armitage, S., Jasim, S., Marks, A., Parker, A., Usik, V., & Uerpmann, H. (2011) The Southern Route "Out of Africa": Evidence for an Early Expansion of Modern Humans into Arabia. Science, 331(6016), 453-456. DOI: 10.1126/science.1199113
Petraglia, Michael D., & Alsharekh, Abdullah. (2003) The Middle Palaeolithic of Arabia: Implications for modern human origins, behaviour and dispersals . Antiquity, 77(298), 671-684. info:/
Petraglia, M., Alsharekh, A., Crassard, R., Drake, N., Groucutt, H., Parker, A., & Roberts, R. (2011) Middle Paleolithic occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 lakeshore in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. Quaternary Science Reviews. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.006
Rose, J. (2010) New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis. Current Anthropology, 51(6), 849-883. DOI: 10.1086/657397
by Kristina Killgrove in Powered By Osteons
How much seafood did the Romans eat, and how does imported seafood affect our understanding of their origins?... Read more »
C. Beltrame, D. Gaddi, & S. Parizzi. (2011) A presumed hydraulic apparatus for the transport of live fish, found on the Roman wreck at Grado, Italy. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. info:/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2011.00317.x
by Neuroskeptic in Neuroskeptic
According to a much-discussed new paper, vaccines may cause autism after all: A Positive Association found between Autism Prevalence and Childhood Vaccination uptake across the U.S. Population.The author is Gayle DeLong, who "teaches international finance at Baruch College, City University of New York", according to her profile as a board member of anti-vaccine group SafeMinds. She correlated rates of coverage of the government recommended full set of vaccines in the 51 US states including Washington D.C., with registered rates of autism in those states six years later.Uh-oh - there was a correlation between vaccination in two year kids, and the rate of autism in the state six years later, when those kids were eight. As the abstract says:The higher the proportion of children receiving recommended vaccinations, the higher was the prevalence of AUT... The results suggest that although mercury has been removed from many vaccines, other culprits may link vaccines to autism. Further study into the relationship between vaccines and autism is warranted.Sounds rather scary. Until you look at the data, helpfully provided in the paper. First up, here's the scatterplot of all of the vaccination rates and all of the autism-six-years-later rates:There's more than 51 data points as you can see: there's actually 355 because each state had seven different datapoints (1995 vaccines vs 2001 autism though to 2001 vs 2007). This scatterplot shows no correlation. You can tell just from looking at it, but the correlation coefficient confirms this, as it's a tiny r 0.012 (from a possible range of 0 to 1).To be fair, that's a very noisy measure, because each state has unique characteristics, so the effect of vaccines will be diluted. However, it's still a useful sanity check, and shows that there can't be a major effect, otherwise it would be too big to get diluted.To get around this I next looked at the change in the rates of vaccination from one year to the next, and correlated that with the corresponding change in future rates of autism, within each state. A "change" of 1 means no change, 0.5 means it halved and 2 means it doubled, etc.Zilch. Correlation coeffiencent r is 0.034.Maybe the changes year-to-year were too small? So I checked the changes between the last year, and the first year.This made the changes bigger, because more tends to change over six years than in just one. And, to be fair, this does produces a slightly stronger vaccine-autism effect... but it's still tiny. The correlation coefficient here, r, is 0.18 which means that vaccination changes accounts for 3% of the variability in autism changes (r^2 = 0.034.) The p value is 0.20, statistically insignificant.My conclusion is that this dataset shows no evidence of any association. The author nonetheless found one. How? By doing some statistical wizardry.The statistical model used took into consideration the unique characteristics of each state. For example, each state had a unique mixture of pollution, which may have affected the prevalence of autism, yet such an effect was not included in this study. A fixed-effects, within-group panel regression (Hall and Cummins 2005) controlled for these unique yet undefined characteristics by deriving a different starting point (intercept) for each state.The 51 different intercepts - one for each state - reflected the base level of autism or speech disorders occurring in that state that were not explained by the other independent variables (vaccination rates, income, or ethnicity). The model then produced a single relationship between the independent variables and the prevalence of autism or speech disorders.OK, that's all very fancy, but when the raw data shows zilch and you can only find a signal by "controlling for" stuff, alarm bells start ringing. Given sufficient statistical analysis you can make any data say anything you want.If the author had given details of the methods, and explained why she chose to control for the variables she did, and not others, that might be different. But she didn't. Nor did she justify only looking at the effects six years later, when five or seven or ten would be just as sensible... and so on.(Note: whenever I've said "autism", that's my shorthand for autism + SLI, which is what the paper looked at; autism alone data are not presented. Note also that by "vaccination %" I mean "% who got the full vaccine schedule"; the other kids may have got vaccines, just not all of them.)Delong G (2011). A Positive Association found between Autism Prevalence and Childhood Vaccination uptake across the U.S. Population. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, 74 (14), 903-16 PMID: 21623535... Read more »
Delong G. (2011) A Positive Association found between Autism Prevalence and Childhood Vaccination uptake across the U.S. Population. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, 74(14), 903-16. PMID: 21623535
by Cris Campbell in Genealogy of Religion
According to the Ghostbusters Wiki, Gozer the Gozerian (known also as Gozer the Destructor, Volguus Zildrohar, and Lord of the Sebouillia) is an ancient entity who "was originally worshiped as a god by the Hittites, Mesopotamians, and the Sumerians around 6000 BC." When not visiting retribution on New York in the form of the Stay [...]... Read more »
Lenzi, A. (2007) Dead Religion and Contemporary Perspectives: Commending Mesopotamian Data to the Religious Studies Classroom. Method , 19(1), 121-133. DOI: 10.1163/157006807X222550
In his 1960 presidential address to the South African Archaeological Society, the anthropologist Louis Leakey cast the fossil humans that had been found in that country as little more than a collection of evolutionary dead-ends. Leakey didn't put it quite like that – that would have been rude – but he did utilize the platform [...]... Read more »
Cerling, T., Mbua, E., Kirera, F., Manthi, F., Grine, F., Leakey, M., Sponheimer, M., & Uno, K. (2011) Diet of Paranthropus boisei in the early Pleistocene of East Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1104627108
Dumont, E., Ryan, T., & Godfrey, L. (2011) The Hadropithecus conundrum reconsidered, with implications for interpreting diet in fossil hominins. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0528
Leakey, L. (1961) Africa's Contribution to the Evolution of Man. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 16(61), 3. DOI: 10.2307/3887411
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The Motley Fool Discussion Boards
|Previous Page
Family Life / Parenting Troubled Kids
|Subject: XP: 22y.o. w/ multiple psychoses
|Date: 6/6/2010 12:12 AM
|Author: lcd186
|Number: 196 of 198
I am cross-posting this from the "Parenting Teens and Young Adults" in case anyone on this board is still reading and active.
- - - - - - - -
First, some personal background which may not be directly relevant, but might be helpful.
I am a 46-years-old woman living in the ever-interesting city of New York City (outer boroughs). I have not worked full-time since the year after 9/11, but have had sporadic short-term temporary work. Happily two months ago I was approved for SSI/SSD primarily based on my own history of a psychiatric diagnosis, bipolar disorder, and in particular my hospitalization in fall 2009.
I have never had my own kids and only sporadically babysat for friends, neighbors, etc., but usually "normal" kids, meaning without fullblown psychiatric diagnoses. In the last six years, my 21-years-old godnephew (GN) - soon to be 22y.o. - has frequently spent a lot of time (over the years and months) staying at my apartment as his parents have essentially thrown him out since about 20y.o. He spends a lot of time at his grandparents' house and miscellaneous friends as well. This one isn't my immediate concern though, but in the near future I think I need to make a choice about him. For future reference, I'll refer to him as "Jack."
My main concern is my now 22-years-old godchild. Let's call him "Nick." He stayed with me last year after running away from his parents and biological family in the midwest, and came to NYC. Before my hospitalization in fall 2009, Nick returned to the midwest, eventually catching up with his biological family again, but again having a falling out.
Note: I do not get along with his biological family at all (they have made violent threats and are generally mentally unbalanced at many levels as well) and I actually didn't know anything until bumping into Nick unexpectedly in NYC last year. Since the age of 16, Nick has had a history of several separate psychiatric hospitalizations for self-injury to attempted suicide. Much of this has been related to Nick's coming out as gay and at times gender dysphoric.
Though his psychiatric history includes diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizotypal disorder, and major depression, I believe the strongest and most relevant diagnosis is Borderline Personality Disorder with strong features of Antisocial Personality Disorder. He also suffers from a lot of anxiety and other things, but the aforementioned are the most prominent.
When he lived with me, it was a roller coaster of both moods and behaviors. He turned my household upside down despite my repeated, failed attempts to set down clear household rules, from as basic as cleaning up after himself to no guests. I now realize too late that I should have also had clear penalties for each, but I just didn't anticipate anything.
In general has never lived independently without severe dysfunction (e.g. other than the hospitalizations, he has run

subset: commoncrawl


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Brand Name (Generic Name)
Byetta (exenatide injection)
Byetta Prescribing Information
What is Byetta?
Byetta, also known as exenatide, is the first member of the family of drugs called GLP-1 agonists to be marketed in the US. It is used along with diet and exercise to treat people with type 2 diabetes. It mimics the action of the natural hormone human-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) which is a part of the incretin system in the gut. These gut hormones are able to detect rises in blood sugar due to food intake and they go to work telling the pancreas to squirt out insulin. At the same time they tell the liver NOT to release stored glucose. They act sort of like a thermostat in that when the blood sugar goes up they turn up the insulin and when it goes down they turn down the insulin. In a person with type 2 diabetes this incretin system does not function properly and needs some help. Byetta works in several places in the body and addresses four different defects. Byetta has the following actions in the body:
• Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin when the blood sugar goes up due to food intake.
• Keeps the pancreas from telling the liver to squirt out stored insulin after a meal when it is not needed.
• Slows the stomach emptying time. Having type 2 diabetes seems to make the food clear the stomach quicker than normal which in turn causes a rapid spike in blood sugar. The rapid spike is hard for the body to handle but a slower entry of the sugar into the system is easier to handle.
• Stimulates the satiety center in the brain. The satiety center or the "I've had enough to eat" center in the brain tells you that are ready to push away from the plate of food.
• Causes weight loss. Many people will lose weight when they take these medicines and that in turn usually translates to better blood sugar control.
Who can use Byetta?
Selected adults with type 2 diabetes can use Byetta. You will probably have already started diet and exercise along with one of the other diabetes medicines before your health care provider prescribes Byetta.
Who should not use Byetta?
• People with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women since it is not known if Byetta is safe in these situations
• Those with kidney disease or on dialysis
• People poor digestion caused by stomach disorders such as gastroparesis
Byetta is very effective at reducing after meal blood sugar spikes and also helps the fasting blood sugar. Byetta may cause weight loss and this can be a good thing for people with diabetes who are overweight. It is unlikely to cause low blood sugar when used alone and it can be used with some of the other type 2 diabetes medicines.
Byetta must be given by injection twice daily and in addition it should be given within one hour of the morning and evening meals. It often causes nausea during the first few weeks but that usually goes away over time. Some medicines that are taken by mouth can be interfered with when taking Byetta so check with your pharmacist or other healthcare provider for advice.
What dosage can I take and how should I take it?
The initial dose is 5 mcg, twice a day, and is injected into the arm, abdomen, or thigh. After one month the dose may be increased to 10 mcg twice daily. It should be given within 60 minutes before the morning and evening meals. Byetta is available in a 5 mcg preloaded pen and a 10 mcg preloaded pen.
What are the most common side effects?
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Headache
• Stomach ache or indigestion
• Jitteriness or weakness
What else should you know about Byetta before you start?
There are warnings about possible pancreatitis issues. Please consult the accompanying FDA approved Medication Guide for further information.
Reviewed by James A. Bennett 5/14
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Recipe Shuffle
Linda's Guacamole Traditional Pound Cake Spiced Popcorn 5-Spice Chicken Noodle Soup Louisiana Rice Spicy Fruit and Pork Kabobs Lemon Chicken with Parsley Dressing Strawberry Margarita Ice Rosemary Risotto Tailgate Kabobs
Many people say that depression is a side effect or complication of diabetes. Without discounting the association of the psychological condition with the physical one, I'm not convinced that our high and/or unstable glucose levels are directly responsible for that change in our mental state. My belief is that the unrelenting need for self-care, for following the sort of care schedules that can drive licensed, professional caregivers crazy, is what overwhelms us...


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$7.19Depicting with humor and insight the pressure to be outwardly perfect, this novel for ages 10-13 shows how one girl develops compassion for her own and others' imperfections.For 13-year-old Isabelle Lee, whose father has recently died, everything's normal on the outside. Isabelle describes the scene at school with bemused accuracy--the self-important (but really not bad) English teacher, the boy
$5.99Natasha Friend is a Judy Blume for today -- clearly evident in this remarkable new novel about a girl whose father is an alcoholic and how she and her family learn to deal with his condition. It's hard to be a 13-year-old girl. But it's even harder when your father's a drunk. It adds an extra layer to everything -- your family's reactions to things, the people you're willing to bring home, the way
$7.99Josie's never met her dad, and that's fine with her. To Josie, Paul Tucci is just a guy who got her mom pregnant and then moved away. It all happened sixteen years ago, when Josie's mom was still a teenager herself. But now Paul Tucci is back in town, and Josie has to deal with not one but two men in her life - her father and her first boyfriend, who Josie fears will hurt her just like Paul hurt
$7.99What if you lost the thing that made you who you are? Lexi has always been stunning. Her butter-colored hair and perfect features have helped her attract friends, a boyfriend, and the attention of a modeling scout. But everything changes the night Lexi's face goes through a windshield. Now she's not sure what's worse: the scars she'll have to live with forever, or what she saw going on between her
$9.99The first month of school, thirteen-year-old Anna Collette finds herself...DUMPED by her best friend Dani, who suddenly wants to spend eighth grade "hanging out with different people." DESERTED by her mom, who's in the hospital recovering from a suicide attempt. TRAPPED in a house with her dad, a new baby sister, and a stepmother young enough to wear her Delta Delta Delta sweatshirt with pride
$7.99Meet Corrinne. She's living every girl's dream in New York City—shopping sprees at Barneys, open access to the best clubs and parties, and her own horse at the country club. Her perfect life is perfectly on track. At least it was. . . .When Corrinne's father is laid off, her world suddenly falls apart. Instead of heading to boarding school, she's stripped of her credit cards and shipped off to the
$8.99A gorgeous debut about family, friendship, first romance, and how to be true to one person you love without betraying another "One thing my mother never knew, and would disapprove of most of all, was that I watched the Garretts. All the time." The Garretts are everything the Reeds are not. Loud, numerous, messy, affectionate. And every day from her balcony perch, seventeen-year-old Samantha
$2.99From the bestselling author of Plan B comes a funny and touching new novel about a girl, a boy, and a notebook that could ruin everything. Emily Abbott has always been considered the Girl Most Likely to Be Nice -- but lately being nice hasn't done her any good. Her parents have decided to move the family from Chicago back to their hometown of Boston in the middle of Emily's senior year. Only
$9.99The New York Times bestselling story of a friendship frozen between life and death Lia and Cassie are best friends, wintergirls frozen in fragile bodies, competitors in a deadly contest to see who can be the thinnest. But then Cassie suffers the ultimate loss-her life-and Lia is left behind, haunted by her friend's memory and racked with guilt for not being able to help save her. In her most
$9.99A New York Times bestseller Expect the unexpected. Macy's got her whole summer carefully planned. But her plans didn't include a job at Wish Catering. And they certainly didn't include Wes. But Macy soon discovers that the things you expect least are sometimes the things you need most. "Dessen gracefully balances comedy with tragedy and introduces a complex heroine worth getting to know."
$9.99A New York Times bestsellerUp all night. Nights have always been Auden's time, her chance to escape everything that's going on around her. Then she meets Eli, a fellow insomniac, and he becomes her nocturnal tour guide. Now, with an endless supply of summer nights between them, almost anything can happen. . . . "As with all Dessen's books, [this] is a must-have" —VOYA, starred review Also by Sarah


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This HI Express is one of the few hotels in close-in Hendersonville. It is undergoing extensive renovation, which is still going on. The lobby area and breakfast area are complete and are very attractive. However, I would suggest that the hotel upgrade its breakfast fare to complement the refurbished breakfast room.
The "new" rooms are attractive but seem to be a bit crowded with the new furniture. The beds are quite good.
The pool is outside and the pool area is attractive and enjoyable. The personnel are most accommodating.
Hopefully, the renovation will extend to the hotel's exterior, which looks quite rundown. The outside walls of the building are dirty and most of the plant material is old and dead. Attractive landscaping will advertise the "new interior."
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Holiday Inn Express Nashville Hendersonville Hotel is conveniently located in historic Hendersonville off TN-386/Vietnam Veterans Parkway on East Main street, halfway between Goodlettsville and Gallatin. Downtown Nashville and Gaylord Opryland are both within 30 minutes of the hotel. Indian Lake Village is a short five minute drive away, offering entertainment, dining, and shopping. Old Hickory Lake is only minutes from our front door. Area attractions include Spring Haven Masion, Rock Castle, LP Field (home of the Titans), Bridgestone Arena(home of the NHL Predators) , Grand Ole Opry, Nashville Zoo, Riverfront Park, and Nashville Shores. All 93 beautifully appointed guest rooms include complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access (Internet bridge is available on property). Our 5 two-room suites offer a whirlpool tub, microwave, refrigerator, and separate living area. Enjoy our Smart Express hot breakfast bar in the spacious great room, featuring over 30 items and, of course, our world famous cinnamon rolls. New to our breakfast is our fresh, made to order pancakes! Our newly refurbished banquet and meeting facilities provide an exceptional experience to groups ranging from 10 to 100. Try our newly designed fitness room with PRECOR state-of-the-art equipment or relax in our salt water swimming pool (seasonal). The large Italian marble tiled lobby displays a timeless classic car, which changes every six weeks. This private collection is a very rare and beautiful part of the American automobile history. Get your picture in front of the current car on display! ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Booking.com, Hotwire, Expedia, IHG, Priceline, Travelocity and Odigeo so you can book your Holiday Inn Express Nashville - Hendersonville reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Holiday Inn Express Nashville - Hendersonville Hotel Hendersonville
- Holiday Inn Hendersonville
- Hendersonville Holiday Inn


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Chop Lickin Chicken Casserole
Total Time
Prep 15 mins
Cook 30 mins
Hmmmmm what to make for dinner? Well, we got rice, chicken and broccoli what can I do with that? I know....! And afterwards my husband was lickin his chops...thus the name.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 boneless skinless chicken breasts
- 198.44 g mushroom stems and pieces
- 304.75 g cream of chicken soup
- 340.19 g water
- 283.49 g broccoli (chopped)
- 236.59 ml cheddar cheese
- 473.18 ml Minute Rice
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees.
- Cut chicken into bitesize pieces and saute in pam coated skillet until no longer pink and slightly browned.
- In a bowl combine soup, water, mushrooms, rice, broccoli and cooked chicken. Pour into an 11x9 inch pan sprayed with pam.
- Sprinkle with cheese and bake for 30 minutes.
Most Helpful
I added lots of pepper and 1 can Cream of Mushroom. Doubled the recipe and glad I did! My daughter & I loved it. The hubby,well...less than we did but still enjoyable for him, just not a mushroom fan so next time 1 4oz can of 'shrooms. But there definately will be a next time! Perfect comfort food for these fall days and so easy.
My wife's reaction: Ooh! This one's a keeper.


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Treating Asthma and Allergies Naturally
…many people, so is allergy season. And for those who have asthma, this time of year can be particularly challenging. That's why I want to tell you about treating asthma and allergies, while also supporting your entire respiratory system. Natural Methods for Treating Allergies and Asthma * Take…Read More


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4 Reasons Why I'd Rather Be Single than Go Out With A Meat-Eater on Valentine's Day
This single vegan girl will be spending Valentine's Day on a couch eating Ben & Jerry's while in full cat lady mode.
In years past, Valentine's Day meant I'd throw on Adele, wrap myself in a leopard-printed Snuggie, and wallow in the loneliness of being a single vegan while everyone else was out re-enacting that spaghetti scene from Lady and the Tramp. This year, I'm drying my tears with thoughts of how much fun it is to have Valentine's Day all to myself. No longer do I have to apologize for ordering from the sides menu at a fancy romantic restaurant, nor do I have to explain that you can't say you love a dog while eating a lobster dinner. However, if you find me a single vegan man, this list will be null and void.
1. Letting my cat lady freak flag fly
Hey friends, there's a lovely event going on at the San Francisco SPCA called "Lonely Hearts Valentine's Adoption Party." Every cat lady in the Bay Area is guaranteed to be there, along with food, wine, at least 10 angry, biting cats, and doe-eyed couples looking to adopt a new furry family member. While this event will ultimately remind me of how utterly alone I am—in addition to how adamant my landlord is about not allowing companion animals—I still wouldn't dare bring an omnivore date here and be subjected to them talking about how cute the cats are while recapping their roasted chicken dinner from last night. Chickens purr like kittens, and there's a video to prove it. I'd rather let my cat lady freak flag fly solo. Plus, more wine for me.
2. Eating all the Ben & Jerry's
Last Valentine's Day, the thought of eating an entire pint of Ben & Jerry's was a vegan nightmare … because a vegan Ben & Jerry's ice cream flavor didn't exist. However, Ben & Jerry's just launched an all-vegan line, and I'm not talking about one sad vanilla flavor. This is four outrageous flavors—namely, P B and Cookies, Coffee Caramel Fudge, Chocolate Fudge Brownie, and the iconic Chunky Monkey. You think I'm sharing this gluttonous gift from the vegan gods with some unappreciative omnivore this Valentine's Day? Never!
3. Watching tearjerkers, mascara runs be damned
I grew up in Los Angeles, where leaving the house—even to go the grocery store—meant spending an hour in the mirror applying more makeup than I've worn the entire year I've lived in San Francisco. As such, for Valentine's Day I'm used to going full glam even if I only intend to impress myself. I can't think of a better way to celebrate love day than to watch a compassionate documentary. Some of my favorite movies include Cowspiracy, Forks Over Knives, and Food, Inc., but (and I'm hesitant to admit it) I have never seen Earthlings, and I know that when I'm on the couch, crying my mascara into racoon patterns on my face, with the four pints of aforementioned Ben & Jerry's in hand, I'd like to be unapologetically alone.
4. Never having to say I'm sorry
Dining out and Valentine's Day go together like pre-packaged costumes and Halloween, but my chances of nailing an all-vegan dinner are much slimmer, especially with an omnivore as my plus one. Likely, my imaginary meat-loving lover and I would end up at a place where my dessert options would be limited to that Swedish fish from 2010 still holding on to real estate at the bottom of my purse. Being single means hitting a vegan restaurant (looking at you Citizen Fox), sitting at the bar, and blindly picking bites and drinks off the menu until my heart's content. Sorry, not sorry.
A Vegan Moms Guide to the Kid Party Circuit
Whether youre hosting or attending, keeping your and your childrens vegan diet in check is easy with these six simple steps.
Read More »
The VegNews Bloggy Awards
From recipes and travel to product reviews and lifestyle advice, if its vegan, these 21 blogs have it covered.
Read More »
5 Ways a Vegan Diet Can Help with Pregnancy
Ditching bad habits and saying hello to a healthy lifestyle can increase a couples odds of having a baby.
Read More »
9 Vegan Foods to Beat the California Heat
From avocado smoothies in Palm Springs to ice cream sandwiches in Berkeley, these eight vegan foods are helping the Golden State stay cool this summer.
Read More »
5 Vegan Summer Date Ideas
Summer lovin' happens so fast, especially when you're taking your date on vegan adventures.
Read More »
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Warranty Direct is constantly looking for new ways to help save you money on motoring and avoid the many pitfalls of car ownership. This is why we've decided to bring MOT Angel to your attention.
For alternative products to MOT & Servicing please click the links below.CAR Warranty VAN Warranty BIKE Warranty


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Rivers says Clippers were third for Durant, no plans to trade GriffinJuly 28th, 2016, 3:29 pm by By DAN WOIKE
The Clippers were in the top three for mega free-agent Kevin Durant, Doc Rivers said, but because they weren't one of his top two, they ended their pursuit.
Rivers disclosed the decision during a lengthy podcast interview with The Vertical's Adrian Wojnarowski.
"We were willing to take the gameble if we felt like we were in it," Rivers said. "And we were in it."
But with the Clippers not in Duran't top two, the team moved on to signing their own ...Read the rest of this entry »


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Is it possible to get menus to be shown in always visible menu bars in 14.04, rather than in window title bars?
Yes, you should remove some packages. Use:
This will restore application menus in right place.
UPD: there might be a few packages I missed. To find them, open Synaptic and in the search field enter "appmenu", check the found packages for removal, then search for "globalmenu" and remove them too.
Restart/relogin into your X session to finish changes.
Also check this article.
There is a simpler method. Just type
in Terminal. It will remove all the other packages and you will get what you want.


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I hesitate to call "Elvis: The Great Performances" (4 stars, Rhino Home Video, $49.99) the only live Elvis Presley you'll ever need in your DVD collection, but this handsomely packaged 3-disc set - in faux blue suede, no less - should satisfy anyone except an obsessive. It collects three documentaries, two of which ("Center Stage" and "The Man and the Music") were written and directed by Andrew Solt, with the last, "From the Waist Up," directed by Solt but written by Peter Guralnick, whose two-volume biography of Presley should be the last word, but of course, won't be.
"Center Stage" is essentially chronological, beginning with Presley's March 1956 television debut on the Dorsey Brothers' "Stage Show" and taking us through the embarrassing "The Steve Allen Show" compromise where he promises to "behave like a gentleman" while performing "I Want You, I Need You, I Love You" in a tux.
Three of his best film performances, lip-synching "Teddy Bear" in "Loving You," and the title songs in "King Creole" and "Jailhouse Rock" precede, in sad contrast, the solo piano rendition of "Unchained Melody" from the "Elvis in Concert" special, which was broadcast after his death. To avoid leaving us on a despairing note, it concludes with a spirited "All Shook Up" from the "Singer Presents Elvis" special in 1968.
"The Man and the Music" is a grab bag of TV and movie shots, the most interesting of which is culled from the Frank Sinatra-hosted "Welcome Home Elvis" from 1960, in which he sings the prescient "Fame and Fortune."
"From the Waist Up" is pretty much what it says, collecting the earliest appearances from "Stage Show" and "The Ed Sullivan Show," where his 1956 bump-and-grind through "Ready Teddy" so upset the keepers of American morality that he was asked to stop gyrating for his future appearances. When he couldn't help it, it was famously ordered that he be photographed only from the waist up. But as the clips and Guralnick's script make clear, some legends are only that.
The anniversary of Presley's death also has inspired upgrades from the 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment catalog of three of Elvis' most entertaining films, all priced at $19.98: "Love Me Tender" (2 stars), his 1956 debut, a Civil War drama that became a musical and got a new title after Presley signed up; 1960's "Flaming Star" (3 stars), in which he gave the performance of his movie career (without picking up a guitar) as a half-breed Indian forced to choose sides; and "Wild in the Country" (2 stars), where he plays a hot-tempered hillbilly with literary aspirations - in a script by Clifford Odets, no less. There are no extras of note, but "Love Me Tender" has been remixed into stereo, while the other two get new Dolby surround soundtracks.
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The Israeli cabinet's legislative committee has voted through a proposal that, if passed into law, would require a two-thirds Knesset majority before parts of Jerusalem could be ceded to a future Palestinian state.
Long awaited results of a Swiss investigation show that when former Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat died, suggest his body may have contained higher-than-normal levels of the radioactive element that was used to kill former Russian spy Alexander Litvinenko.
A retired senior IDF officer was killed outside his home last night in the Jordan Valley, in what President Shimon Peres has called an "extremely shocking murder".
Colonel Sariya Ofer and his wife Monique Ofer were attacked in front of their house in the settlement of Brosh Habika in the middle of the night. Initial police investigations suggest it was a terror attack.
This week, a blog titled The Elders of Ziyon reminded us of the investigation into the claim that Yasser Arafat was assassinated by the Israelis.
A botched arrest operation near Ramallah this week led to the highest number of casualties in Israeli-Palestinian clashes in the West Bank for over a year and caused the suspension of the peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.
Pro-Palestinian activists have succeeded in redirecting Google users to a defaced version of Google Maps which claims that Israel should be called Palestine.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has rejected the idea of a Palestinian state with pre-1967 borders, saying it would lead to "Hamas 400 metres from my home".
Mr Netanyahu told Israel's Channel 2: "When they say, 'Go back to the 67 lines,' I stand against. When they say, 'Don't build in Jerusalem,' I stand against."
Right-wing Likud Knesset candidate Moshe Feiglin outlined a plan on Tuesday to pay families in the West Bank $500,000 each to emigrate.
Palestinian Authority President Mahmous Abbas has criticised Hamas leader Khaled Mashaal for saying that the terrorist organisation would never recognise the state of Israel, a Turkish newspaper has reported.
For two decades, the parcel of land known as E-1 has become a symbol for all sides in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For the Israeli right, E-1 is a vital neighbourhood in Greater Jerusalem that must be built to stop illegal Arab building around the eternal capital of the Jewish people.


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Posted: 2/20/2014
So good. Prices could be a little cheaper for the food, but it's so good. I'll be back soon.
Today:11:00 am - 9:00 pm
1556 N Decatur Rd NE,
Atlanta, GA 30307
(404) 378-8188
in Business
Regular Hours
Doc Chey's Dragon Bowl
Parking: Lot, Private
Wi-Fi: Free
Bike Parking: Yes
Attire: Casual
Wheelchair Accessible: Yes
Cuisines: Asian, Mongolian, Pan Asian
Alcohol: Beer, MicroBrews, Wine
Takes Reservations: No
Outdoor Seating: Yes
Price Range : Average
Posted: 2/20/2014
So good. Prices could be a little cheaper for the food, but it's so good. I'll be back soon.
Posted: 6/17/2011Provided by Citysearch -
Ok, first, I like the place and pretty much everything has been very good. My wife (Japanese) is a little pickier than I am and turned her nose up at the Chinese Chicken Soup. I was starving so I decided to try it. It was not good. Maybe just a bad day, but there's so much other good stuff on the menue I won't give it a second try.
Posted: 3/6/2008Provided by Citysearch -
Noodlelicious! Fresh and nutritious stirfries too. I adore the hand rolled dumplings. It's a groovy joint great for a casual date, and ultra affordable. I always take my out of town friends to Doc Chey's! A bonus is that they are very generous with giving back to the community.
Posted: 6/10/2005Provided by Citysearch -
This is one of my staples. Doc Chey offers delicious food, speedy service, and great prices. I prefer the Emory location over the Highlands location (the service is better) Jen and Heather rock!!!
Posted: 3/12/2004Provided by Citysearch -
This place is great, young or old. I'm a diabetic & I always manage to have a great meal. The staff is always accomodating in subsituting the noodles or rice for additional veggies. The best thing, the flavors are never disappointing.
Posted: 5/13/2003Provided by Citysearch -
Very tasty food and inexpensive! The service and ambiance are average. If you want a great meal that's a little different at a resonable price then this is the place to go.
1545 N Decatur Rd NE, Atlanta, GA
2226 N Druid Hills Rd NE, Atlanta, GA
2118 N Decatur Rd, Decatur, GA
1355 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA
752 N Highland Ave NE, Atlanta, GA
1556 N Decatur Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30307
(404) 378-8188


text:
If you have troubles since the update to WordPress 4.5 please read this post before opening a new thread.
I use ANGULAR for more than 1 year. It's still perfect for me. 2 things though:
1- I would like to remove the video icon in the thumbnail in the right corner of the item portfolio when the mouse roll over.
2- When i click the portfolio item, Iwould like to open it directly on the Vimeo frame, not on my thumbnail image.
My site is like that: http://maudebeauregard.com
I would prefer this: http://www.rubenpol.nl
Someone can help please?
Hi maudiebeauxyeux!
1.) You can add this on custom.css or Quick CSS to remove the overlay:
.image_overlay_effect {
display: none !important;
opacity: 0 !important;
2.) I'm sorry but we can't help you with that. Please hire a freelance developer to modify the ajax portfolio.
You must be logged in to reply to this topic.


text:
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North Salem, New York 10560
United States
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www.cynthiacurtis.com [cached]
Torsten Sallstrom
W Hotels
Michael Sallstrom
The Granada Theatre
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Jenny Sallstrom
LM Ericsson AB


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All Research Sponsored By:SearchCIO.com
CIO Decisions – July 2016, Volume 54
In this issue of CIO Decisions, we break down the process of getting started with blockchain implementations.
Mobile cloud architecture
Mobile cloud computing combines mobile computing, cloud computing and wireless networks to deliver a rich user experience across a variety of mobile devices. This Classroom examines the benefits, drawbacks and challenges of developing a mobile cloud architecture.
IoT: Who owns the data?
In this handbook, explore the many facets of the question of IoT data ownership.
Hyper-Convergence: Game Change or Vendor Push?
Hyper-converged infrastructures promise many benefits, and costs savings and efficiency are chief among them. But CIOs and other executives stress looking beyond the price tag.
CIO Decisions – May 2016, Volume 52
In this issue of CIO Decisions, delve into the many IoT applications that can help solve major problems in the massive and complex food supply chain.
Bimodal IT Best Practices
Bimodal IT is an approach in which a company operates two tiers of IT management -- one focused on "keeping the lights on" and the other focused on experimentation and speed to drive business goals. This Classroom explores emerging best practices around bimodal IT.
The CIO's Essential Guide to IT Service Management for Digital Businesses
In this e-book, exclusively designed for CIOs, you will discover how to deliver radical business change with ITSM, as well as see how a well-implemented IT asset management strategy could help protect your company against license compliance audits by software vendors.
Data Virtualization: Data Integration Evolution
This Classroom will outline the forces, such as digitization, cloud and mobile, that are changing core customer-facing business processes and how CIOs are optimizing BPM for better customer interaction and business outcomes.
CIO Decisions – April 2016, Volume 51
In this issue of CIO Decisions, find out how to navigate the challenges of data lakes with data lake governance.
Competing in a Platform Economy
In this handbook, find out what is required to support a platform business and see examples of companies that have developed a platform ecosystem to successfully compete in a platform economy.
3D Printing Is at a Tipping Point
In this handbook, read about the use cases for 3D printing and the challenges ahead, the role CIOs can play in the field, and how the technology will impact the market.
CIO Decisions – March 2016, Volume 50
The demand for mobile app development at enterprises today is ever increasing. How are CIOs tackling the challenge?
The Cloud in the Data Center: Start With Why
This edition of CIO Decisions takes a closer look at the cost of building your own private cloud. Learn from State Street's private cloud journey, and gain ideas on designing a cloud strategy that can address your needs more cost-effectively.
Identifying and Meeting the Challenges of Big Data
Reaping the benefits of big data is no small feat. In this handbook, big data experts discuss how they are meeting the challenges of big data full on.
DR/BC Planning for the Inevitable Breach
In this handbook, get up-to-date advice on how to create and test a DR/BC plan equipped to handle a data breach crisis.
CIO Decisions E-zine – December 2015
In this issue of CIO Decisions, find out how to revamp your app performance management strategy and make sure your apps are delivering across devices and meeting constantly evolving user needs.
Balancing User Experience and Data Risks
A great user experience is the holy grail of mobile app development, but it doesn't have to be unattainable. Get tips on how to balance UX with mobile data security.
How to Negotiate Your Cloud Contracts Like a Pro
In this edition of CIO Decisions, you'll learn how to negotiate your cloud contracts like a pro. Discover articles with best practices.
CIO Decisions e-zine – October 2015, Volume 46
In this e-zine, we explore what CIOs should know about the Internet of Things before they embark on an enterprise IoT project.
Data Security in a Breach-a-Minute Era
Does your company have what it takes to rein in data security in today's cyberthreat landscape? Flip through this handbook to get the latest on security tools and tips from leading data security experts.
The Great Technology and Industry Disruptors
In this issue of CIO Decisions, find out how top-tier IT leaders are transforming their businesses into industry disruptors.
Taking Inventory of the Cloud
This edition of CIO Decisions e-zine delves into the importance of cloud inventory management for reigning in rogue cloud apps and the associated costs. Explore how CIOs are tracking cloud app use to determine app consolidation needs and to realize a better ROI.
Mobile Payment Methods Come of Age
In this SearchCIO handbook, read about how mobile payment methods are maturing and how CIOs should gear up.
The Fate of the Enterprise Data Center
Download this exclusive e-book to discover expert insight into the future of the data center. Inside, experts discuss five ways CIOs and IT executives can prepare their data centers for the future and who should run it. Also, learn why some CIOs believe there are good reasons for keeping services on-premises – even in the age of the cloud.
Taking the Guesswork Out of Data Ownership
In this SearchCIO handbook, we explore how digital business has made data ownership a hot topic once again for CIOs in order to meet the needs of the digital business world and transform information into knowledge and knowledge into insights.


text:
Ozanimod Shows Efficacy in Ulcerative Colitis in Small Trial »
"An experimental oral lymphocyte trafficking agent, ozanimod (Receptos), showed modest activity against ulcerative colitis (UC) in a small, early-stage clinical trial.
In the double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in adults wit"...
Read the Ozanimod Shows Efficacy in Ulcerative Colitis in Small Trial article »
Canasa Consumer (continued)
This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including urine normetanephrine levels), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.
OVERDOSE: This medicine may be harmful if swallowed. If swallowing or overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.
Laboratory and/or medical tests (such as kidney and liver function tests) should be performed regularly to monitor your progress or check for side effects. Consult your doctor for more details.
MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
STORAGE: Store refrigerated or at room temperature between 36-77 degrees F (2-25 degrees C). Do not freeze. Keep away from light, heat, and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.
Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.
Information last revised April 2014. Copyright(c) 2014 First Databank, Inc.
Canasa Consumer Overview
Additional Canasa Information
Canasa - User Reviews
Canasa User Reviews
Now you can gain knowledge and insight about a drug treatment with Patient Discussions.
Here is a collection of user reviews for the medication Canasa sorted by most helpful.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Women's Health
Find out what women really need.


text:
Does Rick Perry Know His This Week Interview Was Terrible?
Sometimes we wonder what really goes on in Gov. Rick Perry's head. He was sitting there, ready for his closeup (aka his Sunday morning interview with ABC's This Week on the border crisis) and he looked so normal. He had his thick, black "smart guy" glasses on. His hair was, as always, perfect and he sat ramrod straight in the chair, like he was being held together with clothespins. He looked like any other guest, basically, but then the interview started.
He was there to talk about the border, so of course he took the opportunity to launch into a tirade about how the massive influx of immigrant children gathered at the border is actually a conspiracy, courtesy of President Obama. "I have to believe when you do not respond in any way, you are either inept or have some ulterior motive that you are functioning from," he said.
Host Martha Raddatz pushed back, raising her voice to interrupt the seemingly endless flow of soundbiting. Finally, an excruciating 4 minutes and 57 seconds in, Raddatz cut him off, to our great relief.
But we kept wondering what Perry was actually thinking. Did he go into this interview determined to veer off into conspiracy theories and criticism that -- and we're just guessing here -- are unlikely to get Texas the help needed to handle the border crisis? Did he leave the chair thinking he'd done what he came there to do?
We honestly hope not, because this guy still has a few more months at the helm of the Lone Star State and then we all may have to sit through the embarrassment of watching him make another run at the White House. Thus we're crossing our fingers and hoping that Perry face palmed the second his interview abruptly came to the end.
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Nunset Boulevard: The Little Sisters Head to the Hollywood Bowl -- Or Not
Reagle Music Theatre/Robinson Theatre, at Waltham High School 617 Lexington Street Waltham, MA 02452
Our Price
Full Price
In this latest entry in the popular Nunsense franchise, the Little Sisters of Hoboken have been invited to sing at the Hollywood Bowl. They're thrilled at the prospect, until they arrive and realize that they've been booked to play at the Hollywood Bowl-A-Rama -- a bowling alley with a cabaret lounge -- and not the famed "Bowl" they were planning on. As always, things go hilariously awry in their variety show.
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
All offers for Nunset Boulevard have expired.
The last date listed for Nunset Boulevard was Sunday June 19, 2011 / 2:00pm.
Currently at Reagle Music Theatre/Robinson Theatre
Gershwin's Classic Musical Crazy For You
- Full Price:
- $51.00 - $63.00
- Our Price:
- $25.50 - $31.50
With its Gershwin score and witty comedy, Crazy For You has been a crowd-pleaser since its acclaimed… More
Venue Details
If you can, have dinner at Moody's Backroom before the show. Excellent!star this tip starred
they sell ice cream and frozen yogurt cups too!star this tip starred
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