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Phenomena of instability are widely observed in many dissimilar systems, with punctuated equilibrium in biological evolution and economic crises being noticeable examples. Recent studies suggested that such instabilities, quantified by the abrupt changes of the composition of individuals, could result within the framework of a collection of individuals interacting through the prisoner's dilemma and incorporating three mechanisms: (i) imitation and mutation, (ii) preferred selection on successful individuals, and (iii) networking effects.
Methodology/Principal Findings
We study the importance of each mechanism using simplified models. The models are studied numerically and analytically via rate equations and mean-field approximation. It is shown that imitation and mutation alone can lead to the instability on the number of cooperators, and preferred selection modifies the instability in an asymmetric way. The co-evolution of network topology and game dynamics is not necessary to the occurrence of instability and the network topology is found to have almost no impact on instability if new links are added in a global manner. The results are valid in both the contexts of the snowdrift game and prisoner's dilemma.
The imitation and mutation mechanism, which gives a heterogeneous rate of change in the system's composition, is the dominating reason of the instability on the number of cooperators. The effects of payoffs and network topology are relatively insignificant. Our work refines the understanding on the driving forces of system instability.
Citation: Yang Z, Zhou T, Hui PM, Ke J-H (2012) Instability in Evolutionary Games. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49663. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049663
Editor: Attila Szolnoki, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
Received: November 30, 2011; Accepted: October 15, 2012; Published: November 29, 2012
Copyright: © 2012 Yang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: PMH acknowledges the support from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government under Grant No. CUHK-401109. TZ and ZMY acknowledge the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Instabilities are widely observed in diversified fields such as sociology, psychology, economics, and biology [1]–[19]. For example, biological evolutions exhibit themselves as intermittent bursts of activities separating relatively long periods of quiescence, with extinctions happening at all scales [5], [6]. This dynamical instability, referred to as punctuated equilibrium, may result from strong interactions among different species [7], [8]. Economic crises, an instability phenomenon in economic systems, are caused not only by the economic and financial policies of individual country, but also the interdependent relations among countries, known as the world trade network and other economic and financial networks [14]–[17].
These systems typically consist of many interacting individuals, each reacting to the environment and other individuals' actions to enhance its own benefit. The relationship among individuals can be described by a network, with nodes and links representing the individuals and their relations, respectively [20], [21]. The reacting strategies are usually modeled by competing games, which were introduced for biological problems [22], [23] and subsequently applied to many other disciplines [24]–[28]. Therefore, a combination of evolutionary games and networks provides an effective approach of research on these systems [29]. To get closer to reality, the mechanisms of "network evolution" [30], [31] and "inheritance and variation" [32], which can also be called imitation or copying mechanisms, were incorporated into subsequent research.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms for system instability has been the focus of recent research. Kim et al. [33] pointed out that an opinion leader could affect a considerable fraction of population yet ordinary people can rarely influence the leader, and this kind of asymmetric influence could result in dynamic instability in prisoners' dilemma game. Schweitzer et al. [15] showed that a single tiny disturbance may lead to the system-level instability through the cascading process on economic networks. Rendell et al. argued that the copying and learning mechanisms would result in instability [34]. Cavaliere et al. [35] proposed a game-theoretic model of dynamic network formation for studying prosperity and instability in which newcomers are more likely to select prosperous individuals as role-models and imitate their strategies and connections. Their model incorporates three mechanisms: (i) imitation and mutation, (ii) preferred selection on successful individuals, and (iii) networking effects, and can exhibit instabilities on both the composition of individuals and the interacting patterns of individuals.
While these mechanisms combined could lead to the system instability, the effects of each individual mechanism are not fully understood. In particular, is there a dominating mechanism for the instability on the composition of individuals? Here, we propose and study simplified models to distinguish the contributions of each mechanism. It is found that imitation and mutation alone can lead to the instability on the composition of individuals in a symmetric way, and the preferred selection mechanism modifies the instability and makes the system exhibit asymmetry. Surprisingly, the co-evolution of network topology and game dynamics is not necessary to the occurrence of instability, in particular, if the new links are added in a global manner, the network topology exerts almost no impact on such instability. The results are further supported by analyzes based on mean-field approximation. This work, therefore, enhances our understanding on the driving forces of system instability.
Our models are constructed under the framework of the snowdrift game, yet qualitatively the same phenomena result also in corresponding models using the prisoner's dilemma (see the Supporting Information for results on prisoner's dilemma). The snowdrift game [36]–[39] is best illustrated by a situation where two drivers are caught in a blizzard and blocked by a snowdrift. Each driver has two choices: either removing the snowdrift by shoveling or staying in the car. If the road is cleared, both drivers get a benefit of getting home. There is a cost for the labor of shoveling, with . If the drivers cooperate in clearing the block, they share the labor and each gets a net benefit of . If both choose to stay in the car, they both get zero benefit. If one of the drivers shovels, then both can go home, but the non-cooperative driver (defector) avoids the labor and gains a benefit , whereas the cooperator's benefit is . Writing , the model can be described by the payoff matrix [40]:(1)where and denote the strategies, say cooperate or defect, of the drivers. In a networked environment, the payoff to an individual in a time step is the sum of payoffs from pair-wise interactions with all her neighbors.
Imitation and Mutation
Considering a system of individuals, each of which takes on one of two strategies: cooperate or defect. In every time step, a new individual enters the system, chooses a role-model randomly, and imitates the role-model's strategy with a probability or adopts the opposite strategy with probability . The parameter is thus called the mutation rate and is needed to avoid the system from being frozen into a state with all the individuals using the same strategy. To keep constant, a randomly chosen individual is removed from the system at the same time. This process is very similar to the well-known Moran process [41] and thus can be considered as a variant of the Moran process (the Moran process does not take into account the mutation rate, corresponding to the case of ). In the supplementary information of [35], Cavaliere et al. provided detailed analysis about the differences between birth-death updating and death-birth updating rules. Comparing with the model of Cavaliere et al. [35], we isolated the effects of imitation and mutation, as the details of the game and thus the payoff and performance of individuals as well as networking effects are all irrelevant. As the statistics are independent of initial configurations, we set the initial condition to be 50% cooperators and 50% defectors.
Figure 1 shows how the number of cooperators varies in time. It is observed that for a majority of time steps, most individuals in the system take on the same strategy, but instability sets in to swing the system to the opposite strategy. A state between the two extremes does not stay long. Excluding the time in uniform states where all individuals take on the same strategy, figure 2 gives the probability density function of having cooperators in the system. The distribution is symmetrical around , and the system spends much more time when there are many cooperators or defectors than when there are comparable numbers of them. Analytically, a rate equation approach (see Analysis for details) gives(2)for , and it gives good agreement with simulation results. This result does not depend on the mutation rate as long as . The value of does determine the relative abundance of the two extreme uniform states, with a smaller value giving a larger , as depicted by the simulation and analytic results in figure 3 (see Analysis for analytic treatment). The results in figure 1 to figure 3 show that the imitation and mutation mechanism alone would lead to instabilities on the composition of individuals (quantified by the number of cooperators ). As the selection is made randomly, there is no preference on cooperators or defectors, resulting in a symmetric around .
The system size is and the mutation rate is . The simulation was carried out for time steps. Each data point is an average over time steps.
Results are obtained in a simulation of time steps (violet open circles). Considering time steps with , the value of are found as the fraction of steps with exactly cooperators. The parameters are the same as those in Figure 11. The red solid line represents the the analytic results as given by Eq.(2).
The system size is and each data point is obtained by a simulation of time steps. The purple dash line represents the analytic solution given in Eq.(10).
Selection Mechanism
To study the effects of preferential selections, we incorporate the snowdrift game into the model. At every time step, each individual plays the snowdrift game with all her connected neighbors and gets a total payoff according to the payoff matrix (1). Individuals will get different payoffs depending on their strategies and their competing neighborhoods. A newcomer then enters the system and selects an individual as the role-model with a probability proportional to the total payoff of individual . To allow individuals with vanishing payoffs to have a chance to be chosen, we add a small amount to every individual's total payoff (see Analysis and Supporting Information about the effects of on analytical treatment and numerical results, basically speaking, it has almost no impact if ). The newcomer will follow the role-model's strategy with probability or adopts the opposite strategy with probability , where is the mutation rate. After deciding on the strategy, the newcomer establishes links randomly with existing individuals. The time step ends with the removal of one individual randomly from the old individuals. Here, we focus on a typical case of (), which favors cooperation. Other values of will lead to similar results if .
Figure 4 shows the simulation results of as a function of time. The preferred selection of more successful individuals leads to a dominance of cooperators. However, the system does not stay in a state full of cooperators all the time. There are instabilities resulting in the sudden occurrence of many defectors that last only for a short duration. As a result, the total payoff of all individuals over time is still high. The situation is similar to the coexistence of prosperity and instability in the model of Cavaliere et al. [35] (later we will show quantitatively the changes of system profile and strength of instability versus , which provide nice evidence on their similarity). Despite the similarity, we stress that the coexistence does not rely on network evolution in the present model, as the links are established randomly and the network grows independently of the game dynamics, which is different from that in Ref. [35].
The parameters are , , and . The simulation was carried out for time steps. Each data point is an average over time steps. The system spends most of the time in a state of all cooperators, interrupted by instabilities that last for a short duration when defectors suddenly appear. This is analogous to the coexistence of prosperity and instability as observed in the model of Cavaliere et al. [35].
Network Evolution Mechanism
The independence on network evolution is further illustrated by considering the distributions for different values of . Figure 5 shows that the distributions for corresponding to a fully connected network, corresponding to a network fragmented into small pieces and as an intermediate case are almost the same. Analytic result of also shows that is irrelevant (see Analysis). The preferential selection mechanism makes asymmetric and shifts it to the side of larger , when compared with figure 2. In contrast, the model of Cavaliere et al. [35] gives a network that undergoes continual fragmentation and coalescence, which in turn affect the fraction of cooperators in the system. The insensitivity to network topology is further illustrated in figure 6, in which we show time variations of the average degree and the number of disjoint components in the system at short times. These quantities vary in a random fashion, with no observable correlation with . Figure 7 reports how the average number of cooperators and the average system payoff (i.e., the total payoff of all individuals) change with parameters and . Again, has almost no impact on either or and we display two examples and in figure 7.
With and , subgraphs (a) and (b) respectively show the time distributions for and . The simulations last for time steps. Distributions for different overlap each other, implying that the number of links in the network has no influence on the prosperity of cooperation and the system instability.
The parameters are , , and . Results are shown for the early stage. Each data point represents an average over 100 time steps.
Other parameters are fixed as and . The simulation lasts for time steps. The black squares and red circles represent the cases of and , respectively.
To further demonstrate that the network evolution mechanism is not a necessary factor leading to the features in figure 5, we study some other mechanisms like good-get-richer [42]–[44], where the newcomer has a probability () to connect to the role-model, in addition to a higher probability of selecting the individuals with higher payoffs as role-model, and a probability () to connect to other individuals. Under such good-get-richer mechanism, the network evolution is related to the game dynamics, but it still gives almost the same distribution . Typical simulation results are presented in Fig. S1. Notice that, in the present model, the links are always added in a global manner, while in the model of Cavaliere et al. [35], the links are added in a localized manner. Therefore, one could infer that the different ways of network construction indeed matter, but the constructing rule is not necessary to be one of the origins of instability.
Effects of Payoff Matrix
In accordance with the mechanism of the snowdrift game, as the increasing of , defectors are encouraged and the number of cooperators decreases, leading to the decrease of the system payoff . This monotonous changes are illustrated in figure 7.
As shown in figure 8, with preferential selections, insensitive to different values of , the system is dominated by cooperators in most time with short-duration instabilities. The number of defectors in the instabilities increases with , resulting in the quantitatively different as shown in figure 7(c). Analytically, can be obtained using the mean-field approximation. Results are also shown in figure 7(c). The result indicates that (i) does not depend on the network topology and (ii) the distribution depends on , in agreement with simulation results. More detailed simulation results on the effects of are given in Fig. S2. Analytic treatment is presented in Analysis.
Number of cooperators as a function of time for (a) and (b) . The data are obtained from simulations and the lines come from numerical solutions. The parameters are , and . Each data point represents an average over 1000 time steps. (c) Distributions for different values of . The data points are simulation results and the lines are analytic results.
For the present dynamical process, we quantify the strength of instability on the composition of individuals by counting the total number of transitions between all-cooperator state and all-defector state, sharp drops from all-cooperator state and raises from all-defector state (see Methods for precise definition). As shown in figure 9, again has almost no impact on the strength of instability, while when exceeds about 0.3, the strength of instability decreases as the increasing of for a wide range of the threshold . Recalling figure 7, when exceeds about 0.3, the average system payoff starts to decrease. Though this paper concentrates on the analysis of the instability about the composition of individuals, the observation about how and change with is to some extent similar to the coexistence of prosperity and instability reported in [35].
The parameter has almost no impact on the strength of instability and the plot (a) compares two examples and , meanwhile , and are fixed. Inset of the plot (a) displays the same curves in log-linear scale. The plot (b) shows the considerable effects of on the strength of instability. In fact, is a borderline: when the tails of curves will decay quickly for large , namely the change of the composition of individuals is less drastic, while if , the strength of instability decreases as the increase of , which is of the similar varying tendency to the system payoff. Other parameters are , and . All simulations lasts for time steps.
Furthermore, dynamic instability on the number of cooperators is also observed for the prisoner's dilemma, which is associated with different payoff matrix and different selection mechanism (an individual's payoff can be negative and thus we cannot simply apply the linear selecting probability). See simulation results in figure S3. In accordance with the well-known conclusion, in the well-mixed case (i.e., large ), the defectors get dominant.
For the simplest model involving only imitation and mutation, let be the probability of having cooperators at the time step . The averaged probability of having cooperators can be obtained by averaging over a sufficiently long time window after the transient, i.e.,(3)where is some time after the transient behavior, which is dependent on the initial condition, ends. A newcomer has a probability of choosing a cooperator and a probability of choosing a defector as the role-model. Therefore, the newcomer has a probability of taking on the cooperative strategy. In removing an individual, the probability of eliminating a cooperator is , and that for a defector is . In one time step, the rates and at which a system with exactly cooperators would evolve into one with and cooperators are given, respectively, by(4)In the steady state, the rates at which increases are balanced by those at which decreases. This results in the following set of equations:(5)with the first two terms accounting for an increase in and the last term accounting a decrease in . Since , this set of equations can be solved with the supplementary (boundary) conditions . Applying Eq.(5) repeatedly to different values of , we have in general . Therefore, Eq.(5) can be solved exactly to yield(6)The normalization condition serves to fix as(7)It follows from Eq.(4) that(8)This exact solution exhibits several interesting features. In general, (). Thus is symmetric around , in agreement with that observed in figure 2. For values of with , and corresponding to the all- and all- states are more probable. For small values of , i.e., , Eq.(8) gives approximately(9)Equation (9) gives the function form of () in figure 2. Equations (8) also gives as a function of , as studied in figure 3. In particular, for , Eq.(9) gives(10)which gives the correct behavior as shown in figure 3. In addition, Eq.(8) indicates that for the particular value of , for all . For , a bump starts to appear around and behaves asymptotically as a gaussian distribution.
Next, we consider the model in which a newcomer selects a role-model preferentially and establishes connections randomly. Within a mean-field approximation, we assume that all the cooperators have the same competing environment and all the defectors have the same competing environment. For a cooperator in the system with cooperators, there are on average(11)neighbors who are cooperators and neighbors who are defectors. Similarly, for a defector, there are on average(12)neighbors who are cooperators and neighbors who are defectors. Therefore, the payoff to a cooperator is and that to a defector is . The probability of choosing a cooperator as the role-model is and the probability of choosing a defector is , where is the total payoff in the system. Here, is a small parameter so that every individual would have a finite probability of being chosen as a role-model (as shown in figure S4, the parameter has almost no impact on if it is close to zero). Including the effect of the mutation rate into the case of preferential selection, the rates and at which a system has exactly cooperators would evolve into one with and cooperators are given by(13)Note that and depend on the payoff parameter . In the steady state, we have in general , where is the averaged probability of having cooperators in the system. Applying the relation recursively to different values of , we arrive at(14)with(15)Equations (14) and (15) have exactly the same form as Eqs.(6) and (7), only with and replaced by and . Substituting Eq.(13) into Eqs.(14) and (15) gives for the case of preferential selection, as that given figure 8(c).
Many complex systems display instabilities during their evolutions, yet the driven force of instabilities may not be as complex as being indicated in the literature. By studying on a series of simplified models, we show that imitation and mutation alone can lead to system instability, while the selection strategy and network structure are relatively insignificant. In particular, the co-evolution of network topology and game dynamics is not necessary for the occurrence of instabilities.
In the extremal situation with most of individuals being in the same state, thanks to the imitation mechanism, the new comer and the removed one are very probably of the same state and the composition hardly changes. Therefore, the system tends to stay long in the extremal situation. Given a game where the cooperators are preponderant in profits and individuals prefer to choose successful ones as their role-models, the imitation mechanism makes the system stay long with cooperators in the dominant position. This is known as prosperity in the literature [35]. At the same time, the mutation rate causes to the instability.
Notice that, the prosperity and instability coexists only when is very small – this is also reasonable otherwise can not be named as mutation rate. In fact, when gets larger, the extremal situation will not be preponderant. According to Eq. (8), when , will become fully uniform, say for all . For even larger , a peak appears at and the distribution behaves like a gaussian function. The results for large are shown in Figure 10. For an infinite population (i.e., in the thermodynamic limit), will show a gaussian form for any finite value of . In a word, the instabilities can only be observed for finite-size systems and the critical value indeed separate two different behavior.
The system size is and the mutation rates are and , respectively. Simulation lasts for time steps while the analytical solution is presented in Eq. (8).
In the present model, no matter the network evolution is independent on (rules presented in the main body) or related to (the good-get-richer mechanism in Fig. S1), links associated with the newcomer are added in a global manner. Therefore, even for far different values of , the networks can be all considered as random samplings with different densities from well-mixed population, which is also indicated in the domination of defectors in the prisoner's dilemma game in Fig. S3. In comparison, the new links of the model in [35] are added in a localized way. So one could infer that the way of the addition of links (e.g., globally vs. locally) indeed matters. At least, we arrive to a clear conclusion that the co-evolution of network topology and game dynamics is not a necessary condition to the occurrence of dynamic instability. There are still unsolved issues about the precise understanding of networking effects waiting for further study.
For the present models, we quantify the dynamic instability of the composition of individuals via counting the number of transitions, sharp drops and sharp raises. These three cases are respectively defined as follows: (i) Transition.—A transition is a period where the system goes from all-defector state to all-cooperator state but never return to all-defector state during this period or a period where the system goes from all-cooperator state to all-defector state but never return to all-cooperator state during this period. (ii) Drop.—A drop is a period where the system goes from all-cooperator state to a state with less than cooperators and then return to the all-cooperator state, during which, it does not reach the all-defector state. Here is a threshold. (iii) Raise.—A raise is a period where the system goes from all-defector state to a state with more than cooperators and then return to the all-defector state, during which, it does not reach the all-cooperator state. Figure 11 illustrates a simple example where and . In this example, one could find 5 transition, 3 drops and 5 raises. We use the total number of transitions, drops and raises, , to quantify the strength of dynamic instability. The readers are warned that this definition is suitable for the current case but cannot be directly applied in characterizing instability of a generally dynamical process.
We set and . In this specific example, , contributed by 5 transitions, 3 drops and 5 raises. Transitions, drops and raises are labelled by , and in the plot.
Supporting Information
Figure S1.
The distributions for different parameters with good-get-richer mechanism.
Figure S2.
Effects of on the distribution of the number of cooperators .
Figure S3.
Dynamic instability in prisoner's dilemma game.
Figure S4.
The distributions for different .
We acknowledge the valuable discussions with Zhi-Hai Rong, Beom Jun Kim, and Chenping Zhu.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: ZMY TZ PMH. Performed the experiments: ZMY. Analyzed the data: ZMY TZ PMH JHK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZMY TZ PHM JHK. Wrote the paper: ZMY TZ PHM.
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After selecting a price point, guests have a choice between two seatings for the evening (8 or 10 p.m.), and need only specify the number of people in each party when making a reservation. CIVIC events are BYOB, but prior to the event, guests will receive an email including suggested wine pairings, picked exclusively by Ian Mendelsohn, whose resume includes the likes of H&F Bottle Shop, Avant Partir, and the St. Regis Hotel. Along with the names of the wines, Mendelsohn will also include where to find his suggestions at retail stores around town.
A look at the menu for CIVIC's inaugural event and few particulars after the jump.
To reserve your place, email Megan (firstname.lastname@example.com) no later than Friday, July 20th with the following information:
(1) Your charcuterie plate selection including whether you are adding on the foie gras torchon.
(2) Which seating you would like to attend
(3) The number of people in your party
Please note: If you choose the third selection, specify between chicken liver pate, rabbit pate, or the rillette.
Let Them Eat Meat ($25):
Basket of house-made sweet, cayenne chicharrones
H&F fresh baked bread (1), and confiture
One local cheese, one salami, one cured whole muscle
One peppered pork rillete with herb butter
Cuisine Bourgeoise ($35):
Basket of house-made sweet, cayenne chicharrones
H&F fresh baked bread (2), and confiture
Citrus-pickled fennel fronds
One local cheese, two salamis, one cured whole muscle
One peppered rabbit pate with spiced mayhaw aspic
One terrine '
Le Cours de Kirkwood Kings ($55):
Basket of house made sweet, cayenne chicharrones with sorghum tobacco pipette
H&F fresh baked bread (3), and confiture
Citrus-pickled fennel fronds, and spicy pickled antones carrots
Two local cheeses, two salamis, two cured whole muscles
One plate (Chicken or rabbit) or one rillette with herb butter
Crispy pork roulade
The only thing getting me to ClusterFuckhead is Umi.
You missed the donut listed in the top 1,000 things to eat before you die!…
Where is Dough in the Box? This list is weak without that location.
Boo! My family and I used to eat Sunday brunch there. I remember when it…
Omg, glad to find this thread. I was a waiter for 12 years and have…
You should try a glazed donut from the original Sarah donuts (Sara donuts) on Satallite…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A Qu'ran audio web app that I'm working on with a talented developer. This is only a beta draft the final version will be released as a chrome extension app.
What do you guys think?
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Show and tell for designers
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text:
Thompson Creek Rises After China Molybdenum Report
Thompson Creek Metals Co., the operator of two molybdenum mines in North America, rose the most in 17 months after a report that China is preparing to classify the metal as a so-called national mining resource.
The move by China would limit the mining of the metal starting next year, the China Securities Journal reported today, citing an unidentified person. Molybdenum is used in steelmaking.
China this year curbed exports of rare-earth metals, a group of metallic elements used in petroleum refining, fiber-optic transmission, and military radar and missile-guidance systems. Rare-earth prices jumped following the move.
Thompson Creek climbed C$1.32, or 12 percent, to C$12.28 at 4:24 p.m. in Toronto Stock Exchange trading, the biggest gain since May 19, 2009. The shares are little changed this year.


text:
Ugandan LGBT community speaks out against gay hate
Post your comment
Comments on this article are now closed.
Reader comments
"The organisation's mission is to uphold Christian values and address issues of human rights and social justice."Yeah, right, unless you're Gay and then you can go to hell. Well, that's human rights and social justice out the window then!
i love uganda and the people of uganda are standing for our country values….there is no place for homosexuality in Uganda
Yeah, and there is no place for a backwater inbred like you Sylvia in this site, or in Europe!Who are you to say who has a right to live their own life and who doesn't! Perhaps we should put some Ugandan's on a slave ship for a while to remind you of your recent history… how quickly the oppressed become the oppressors.
Sorry to hear that Sylvia. Think you're wrong though. No, bugger it, I know you're wrong. The people of Uganda include the LGBT folk you so dislike. Funny though, you people are never around when folk like Idi Amin fetch up, are you? Pity you don't get out from under your hymn books and stand up to vermin like that but you won't will you?Just like your bigot friends all over the world, stand up against us, yeah, no problem, but stand up against the people who use guns and import drugs and drag whole neighbourhoods down with them? Nary a one of you that I can see. No, you carry on picking on folk who want to live their lives as they were born to, much easier target that, isn't it? Typical bully boy tactics I'd say.Love and Understanding? There's just no place for it in your own sorry little world.Sad but true. End of!
Sylvia, I would have thought you have enough on your plate dealing with the Lord's Resistance Army that is literally destroying your country rather than attacking perfectly harmless Gays and Lesbians?!Seems you have a lot of growing up to do in Uganda.
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text:
MyDigitalSSD BP4 2.5-inch 240GB SSD Review
AIDA64 Random Access Time
Version and / or Patch Used: 1.60
Developer Homepage: http://www.aida64.com
Product Homepage: http://www.aida64.com
AIDA64 offers several different benchmarks for testing and optimizing your system or network. The Random Access test is one of very few if not only that will measure hard drives random access times in hundredths of milliseconds as oppose to tens of milliseconds.
Drives with only one or two tests displayed in the write test mean that they have failed the test and their Maximum and possibly their Average Scores were very high after the cache fills. This usually happens only with controllers manufactured by Jmicron..
The new spare area, 256GB down to 240GB user capacity, helps reduce latency. The MDSSD BP4 scores a solid .03ms in our read access test. I'm certain this is the lowest latency we've ever measured on any SSD - PCIe, 2.5" or mSATA.
The write latency is very low as well, an average of just .06ms. There were two spikes, one getting as high as .15ms, but they were brief.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
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- Page 1 [Introduction]
- Page 2 [Specifications, Pricing and Availability]
- Page 3 [MyDigitalSSD BP4 240GB SSD]
- Page 4 [Benchmarks - Test System Setup and ATTO Baseline Performance]
- Page 5 [Benchmarks - Sequential Performance]
- Page 6 [Benchmarks - AIDA64 Random Access Time]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - Anvil Storage Utilities]
Recommended for You
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text:
A cylindrical hotel in a lovely downtown area near the most beautiful bay..... So how could it go wrong? The hotel is situated right next to a major highway/motorway and one of the off ramps wraps around the building. It's very hard to drive into and almost impossible to drive out without being forced down the highway/motorway on ramp. The room was tiny. No proper bathroom door, just a sliding screen. The cafe/coffeeshop was a strange and expensive place. The staff were uninterested. They tried to charge me for 3x the days for parking fee. Not really close enough to walk easily to any of the attractions, and there are some 'less than desirable' areas to walk through, due to its location. The pool is tiny, impossible to do laps. Just don't do it. So many other choices. Ruined our holiday. Yuck
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The recently-renovated Four Points by Sheraton San Diego Downtown is located minutes away from Little Italy, the Gaslamp Quarter, and Seaport Village. We also offer a free shuttle to/from the airport ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Hotwire, Priceline, Orbitz, Hotels.com, Odigeo, Travelocity and TripOnline SA so you can book your Four Points by Sheraton San Diego Downtown reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Holiday Inn San Diego-Downtown Hotel San Diego
- San Diego Holiday Inn


text:
Baby watching television
Credit: Steven Robinson
Creative #: 450608757
License type: Royalty-freeRoyalty-free pricing is based solely on the size of the product you need, not the specific use. You don't have to pay any additional royalties on a use-by-use basis. Once you license a royalty-free product, you may use it multiple times for multiple projects without paying additional fees. (Pornographic, defamatory, libelous or otherwise unlawful use of any image is, of course, prohibited.)
Collection: Moment
Release info: Model released
Similar imagesSearch ResultsSame series
Baby Watching Television Stock Photo12-17 Months,Babies Only,Baby,Baby Bib,Baby Clothing,Babyhood,Caucasian Ethnicity,Color Image,Concentration,Headshot,Horizontal,Indoors,Innocence,One Baby Boy Only,One Person,Pacifier,People,Photography,Selective Focus,Side View,Television Set,UK,WatchingPhotographer Steven RobinsonCollection: Moment © 2013 Steven RobinsonBaby watching TV ready for bedtime with a bib on and dummy / pacifier in his mouth.


text:
Tom Sizemore Arrested On Suspicion Of Domestic ViolenceLos Angeles police say they have arrested Tom Sizemore on suspicion of felony domestic violence.
'So You Think You Can Dance' Winner Charged With Domestic ViolenceA dancer who won the fourth season of "So You Think You Can Dance" was charged with domestic violence, according to the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office.
Man Wanted In Arcadia For Sexually Assaulting Woman In Hotel RoomPolice Wednesday searched for a man who assaulted a woman in a hotel room in Arcadia.
Former Clippers Guard Arrested On Domestic Violence ChargeThe Placer County Sheriff's Office said Collison, 28, was arrested Monday after deputies found the woman visibly injured.
Amber Heard Files Domestic Violence Restraining Order Against Johnny DeppShe claimed Depp hit her in the face with his iPhone and shattered various items around their home Saturday.
Woman, 30, Found Slain In West Hollywood Apartment; Boyfriend ArrestedOfficials arrived on scene about 11:30 a.m.
Only On 2: Family Fights For Justice For Woman Convicted Of Murdering Olympian Athlete HusbandBeth Baumer and her sister, Emily Penza, say they are on a mission.
Assemblyman Responds To Domestic Violence Allegations Made Against Him By Estranged WifeFor the first time on-camera, a lawmaker is responding to domestic violence allegations made by his estranged wife.
West Covina Assemblyman Ordered To Stay Away From Wife, Baldwin Park CouncilwomanAssemblyman Roger Hernandez, D-West Covina, who is running for Congress, has been ordered to stay away from his estranged wife, a Baldwin Park City Council member, after allegations of abuse.
Police Rescue Naked, Bleeding Woman Stabbed 25 Times During Possible Domestic SituationThe victim speaks no English, police said. She's only been in the US for three days.
Domestic Violence Charges Against Skier Picabo Street Are Being DroppedUtah prosecutors moved to drop domestic violence charges against Olympic gold-medal skier Picabo Street after she was accused of throwing her father down the stairs and locking him in the basement of her home.
Indio Boy, 10, Injured After Truck Hits Home 3 TimesA man involved in a domestic disturbance Sunday fled a home, got into the truck and crashed into a house several doors away.


text:
- she was unmoved by their tears/reasonssus lágrimas/razones no la conmovieronhis playing left them unmovedsu interpretación los dejó fríos or indiferenteshow can you be or remain unmoved by such a tragedy?¿cómo puede dejarte indiferente una tragedia así?
¿cómo puedes quedarte impasible frente a una tragedia así?Example sentences
- In particular, Schoenfeldt deals with the critical problem of Sonnet 94, a poem that celebrates those who contain their emotions and are as unmoved by others as stone.
- I watched Natural Born Killers yesterday, and was at once quite impressed by the film itself, yet left emotionally unmoved.
- Once you get over the weirdness of the premise, it takes a hard heart to remain unmoved by this simple yet deeply emotional tale.
Definition of unmoved in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
Grammar and usage help for Spanish:
= trending


text:
"Oh, I've had enough," says Lloyd Blankfein, after being asked if he's had enough of being CEO of Goldman Sachs (GS). He quickly adds, however, he prefers it to sitting at home watching TV. "I think it's a very high likelihood, close to 100%, that the next leader of Goldman Sachs is at Goldman Sachs."
"Oh, I've had enough," says Lloyd Blankfein, after being asked if he's had enough of being...
From other sites
Video at CNBC.com (Wed, 7:03AM)
Video at CNBC.com (Tue, 10:29AM)
Video at CNBC.com (Thu, 5:00PM)
Video at CNBC.com (Thu, 12:12PM)
Video at CNBC.com (Jul 19, 2016)
Comments (4)
The best of the best on Wall Street would never hire someone from the "outside."
My retirement from GS in 1995 preceded the IPO as well as the ascendancy of Lloyd Blankfein. I am positiive he said Bye Bye to Jon Corzine when he succeeded him. I must admit that GS had its most profitable financial moments under the leadership of LB, although, I would argue that there was a palpable change in the culture of the firm during his time at the helm. The public perception of GS deteriorated markedly, generally, from the press coverage which would indict rather than affirm the GS methods often incorrectly.
There was nothing incorrectly reported on the Galleon Group and the fact that a Goldman Sachs Board Member phoned the head of the Galleon Group from the GS Board room with insider information.
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text:
Product Questions
- Ask
Average Customer Reviews
Experience the effortless performance of this 40-ounce food disposer. Advanced grinding and sound-reducing technologies quietly conquer your toughest disposing challenges.
Approximate Dimensions:
Approximate Weight:
Warranty Information:
Need more help?
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(based on 123 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
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1 Stars
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
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Most Liked Positive Review
Great Price with Great Quality
Its very heavy duty and quiet!!! Also, it reverses rotation after each cycle--very novel.Its big and heavy but the installation instructions are thorough and it comes with all necessary...Read complete review
Its very heavy duty and quiet!!! Also, it reverses rotation after each cycle--very novel.Its big and heavy but the installation instructions are thorough and it comes with all necessary installation components. This unit replaced a Kitchen-Aid unit but this is much better. If you can afford the few extra bucks, go with this one- Its worth it and has a seven year warranty.Also, it fits a standard sink installation without modification.
Most Liked Negative Review
the plastic lid over the drain is so CLOSED UP the garbage s
i just spent $400 installed and i can't believe the plastic lid KitchenAId provides for over the drain has such tiny openings for water to go down that water backs up into the sink--...Read complete review
i just spent $400 installed and i can't believe the plastic lid KitchenAId provides for over the drain has such tiny openings for water to go down that water backs up into the sink-- NOT TO MENTION THIS IS A GARBAGE DISPOSAL SO THE GARBAGE SWIRLS ROUND AND ROUND in the sink until you find a knife or fork or someting nearby to shove it down past the plastic lid and into the disposer. ARE YOU KIDDING ME?? How poor is this design?? Send me a better pastic lid-- othewrwise i will just cut this one up or rip it out and then risk all kinds of problems... WHO CAME UP WITH THIS????
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Very Quiet
By Ed
from Willow Springs, IL
Comments about KitchenAid Continuous Feed Garbage Disposal:
Very easy to install. Did not realize it had the same mount as my old unit. Extremely quiet. Took the runner top off to see if the blades were actually turning.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
Comment on this review
Quietest Ever
By TD
from DFW
This disposal is the quietest I have ever seen.
wow is all i can say
By BillLanier
from Visalia, CA
quite and work on everything I have put into it
Kitchen Aide food disposal.
By Mrs. M
from Saint Charles, Illinois
Love this very quiet disposl. I have a round push button on my granite counter that is so easy to use andI don't have to look for wall switch to turn it on and off. Very nice.
Works great and not loud
By Ohana
from Park City, Utah
This is a good quality garbage disposal and pretty quiet for a disposal.
Super Quiet and super powerful
By Kuch
from Des Plaines, IL
About Me Home Improvement Novice
Pretty good garbage disposal. I had a handyman install it for me. It's nice and quiet and fits well under the sink.
Great Disposer
By Foodie
from Fayetteville, NC
We had to replace an old KitchenAid disposer which was making a terrible noise. After looking on line we settled on another KitchenAid. Love it!!!
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
BEWARE: KitchenAid Does NOT Honor Thier Warranty
By ColoradoNative
from Denver, CO
We purchased this disposer during our kitchen remodel. It worked great for 2 years and now it no longer grinds the waste, but rolls it into a ball that has to be pulled out by hand. We called to schedule a service appointment and no company in the Denver area will service garbage disposals. We contacted KitchenAid and they will not honor the 5 year warranty because their service companies won't come out to even verify that it isn't working properly. Customer service is horrendous. 9 phone calls later and we are no better off. In fact, I'm sitting on hold while I write this. These disposals are all made by Insink Erator so go with a different distributer.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
Works great a very powerful yet quite unit
By Joe
from Park Ridge IL
I purchased this unit 3 months ago and I love using it. This is my first disposal unit and it's neat to wash food waste down the drain and Crush them to little bits
Works great
By Mom
from Los Angeles
Works quietly and thoroughly.
Fill out the form below to request Better Price for this product.
Sign up for the latest information on new products, special offers, and savings opportunities at Abt and receive $25 off your next order of $250 or more.


text:
Record on hold message
This project received 11 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $25 USD / hour.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project BudgetN/A
Total Bids11
Project Description
Need an on hold message with music to be recorded of 60 to 80 seconds
4 voice messages to be recorded around 15 seconds each and
4 auto attendant messages to be recorded 20 seconds each
And I will have ongoing on hold messages to be recorded.
I will email the script and need the recordings back.
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text:
My princess
PhotoKhan wrote:
pspentax wrote:
PhotoKhan wrote:
pspentax wrote:
No.. it´s not a background but a real sunset. This is the kind of picture that you get with a powerfull strob and Hypersync funcion.
1. If you're using an Einstein E640, I gather you're also using a PowerMC2 receiver, otherwise you wouldn't be able to use PW's ControlTL logic.
2. Under ControlTL logic 1/3200 is not a speed that uses HyperSynch (a proprietary, trademarked feature of ControlTL). What you used was standard HSS/FP, as per Canon designation.
3. HyperSynch, under ControlTL logic, extends the maximum sync speed of the camera you're using it with, before HSS/FP kicks in. It is only active between the camera's max X-sync speed up to 1/640 (maximum, depending on camera).
4. It pays to fully understand what we're working with. It is also convenient to not lead people into confusion in public forums like this one by propagating misconceptions.
5. Be sure to cut out the "princess" concept by 11, 13 years old or she will bring it into adulthood making it very difficult for other people to interact on a positive emotional level with her. We Latins sometimes fail to avoid that educational trap.
6. Cute photo.
From the Pocket Wizard site:
- HyperSync™: HyperSync allows photographers to achieve faster X-sync speeds, all the way up to 1/8000 second*, with full power flash. Now you can cut the ambient light and use wide-open apertures, outdoors in bright sunlight. That extra speed can also freeze action, whether shooting models or athletes in motion. (*camera and flash model dependent).
- HyperSync Automation: With ControTL Firmware updates to the MiniTT1 and FlexTT5 for Canon (6.0) and Nikon (3.0), adjusting HyperSync has now been automated. HyperSync can now be adjusted in two seperate places - – on the transmitter and on the receiving ControlTL radio. The transmitting or on-camera MiniTT1 or FlexTT5 automatically adjusts HyperSync to compensate for changes made to shutter speed. Photographers can further refine HyperSync via the PocketWizard Utility. Please visit wiki.pocketwizard.com/HyperSync to learn more about configuring HyperSync with a PowerMC2.
As you see i do not lead people into confusion in public forums like this one by propagating misconceptions.
Agora relativo ao ponto 5 não percebi o que disseste
It is not enough to read the marketing material. Manuals must also to be read together with other amplifying material if we want to make good use of our gear.
In that text 1/8000 should be understood as a (valid) marketing gimmick. HyperSync, as concept, is the ability to push the max X-sync speed by means of fiddling with the time allowances of the signal. In this sense, it only works up to 1/640. Although it also true that it helps standard HSS/FP by optimizing times and output power it must be understood that the system is resorting to standard HSS/FP when working above 1/8000
From the MiniTT1/FlexTT Canon Owner's Manual:
Further resources to fully understand the HyperSunc and ControlTL logic:
O ponto 5 refere-se ao cuidado que temos que ter, enquanto educadores, para que o conceito de "princesa", salutar na infância e tão presente na sua foto, não transborde para a adolescência e, consequentemente, para a idade adulta.
Como alguém que tem que lidar diariamente com algumas (felizmente, poucas) mulheres adultas que ainda acham que são "princesas" e mundo lhes deve serem o centro da atenção, posso garantir-lhe que pode ser um problema nas relações laborais, problema esse que, em última análise, se torna prejudicial para as próprias.
Maior aprofundamento sobre esta ideia, só com em pessoa, com câmara numa mão e uma imperial na outra
Using the Tail
Thetailmethod uses the long tail of light generated after the peak is finished in a standard flash. This long tail is seen as continuous light for a shutter speed faster than X-Sync. Optimizing for the tail can often work for the fastest shutter speeds all the way up to 1/8000. This method delivers much less light to the camera's sensor than using the peak, but depending on your studio flash in use it can be substantially more than what is delivered by a Speedlight in HSS mode.
To use this method of HyperSync, you need to disable HSS in your ControlTL transmitter. See the Sync Timing Tab section in the PocketWizard Utility for information on setting "High Speed Sync (HSS/FP) Disable Mode." If you do not check this box for your transmitter, then you will not be able to trigger your remote studio flash at shutter speeds faster than "High Speed Sync (HSS/FP) Begins At:."
You optimize for the tail by adjusting the HyperSync slider to the left (more negative). This moves the peak of light such that it is completed before the first shutter starts to open. Then the flash will only be generating the long tail of light while the shutters are open. Depending on your flash's duration, it may be difficult to optimize for the shutter speeds closest to X-Sync as those require the longest flash duration.
This method is only effective with studio flash. Speedlites do not generate enough light during the tail to be more effective than using HSS would be.
Obrigado pela informação
PS - Pode ser que um dia venha-mos a estar com a câmara numa mão e uma imperial na outra
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text: If therefore in doubtful cases you would discover God's will, govern yourselves in your search after it by the following rules: Get the true fear of God upon your hearts. Be really afraid of offending him. God will not hide his mind from such a soul. "The secret of the Lord is with them that fear him; and he will show them his covenant" (Psalm 25:14).


text:
ESSENCE R&B Star hopefuls flocked to Atlanta for auditions. As you can imagine, some folks had star quality while others fizzled, but provided a few laughs. Check out Pebbles, Chilli and Brian Michael Cox judging Atlanta's talent...
Friday, April 22, 2011 | 06:56 AM
Video: ESSENCE R&B Star Atlanta Auditions
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text:
Get MORE from Your Equity with All Reverse Mortgage®
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For Home Purchase
Would you like to buy a new home but did not think you could qualify for a new mortgage based on today's underwriting guidelines? Did you think you would have to either put your plans on hold or use all your available assets to make your move? If you are 62 and over you should consider purchasing with the HECM for purchase program.
The Reverse Mortgage (HECM) for purchase is a federally-insured loan which allows borrowers age 62 and over to; downsize, up size, move closer to family and friends, live in homes more suitable for their needs, or move to communities with activities more in line with their lifestyles, without having to use all their liquid assets to pay for their new home for all cash. And with a HECM loan, there is no monthly mortgage payment.
The HECM is a home loan that allows you to live in your home with no monthly mortgage payments. Because you do not have to pay for the entire purchase price of the home with your cash, by using the HECM for purchase you retain more liquidity for your individual use (you are still responsible for taxes, insurance, upkeep and any homeowner's dues). Let us show you how to purchase your next home and make no regular mortgage payments.
Working with a Realtor? If you are ready to make an offer on a property and need help explaining to Realtors and sellers how the purchase program works and how it will actually benefit all parties, please let us assist you. We are an experienced Purchase HECM lender and is here to assist you with the necessary steps for approval.
History & Safeguards
During the 1970s, several private banks offered Reverse style loans. These helped seniors remain in their home by using their homes' equity to pay off the mortgage. However, these early programs did not provide the protections that today's loans do.
In 1987, the U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD) established a trial program issuing government-insured Reversed Mortgage, and the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage was born (HECM). Since then, HECM loan has rapidly grown in popularity. These secure, government-insured loans have enabled hundreds of thousands of seniors to obtain cash to supplement their retirement income.
Non-Recourse Part of the HUD insurance guarantees that you and your children will never have to pay more than the property is worth in a bona-fide sale.
If you or your heirs attempt to sell the home and the sale nets less than the amount owed, you or your heirs will not be responsible to pay the portion that the sale did not cover. Learn more about non-recourse loans »
Required Counseling
Mandatory counseling is one of the first steps which may take place by either phone or in person. The role of the counseling agency is to review your unique financial situations during this private session and explore any alternatives that may be available, such as selling your home and downsizing, available city or state grants, or other alternatives that may be available to you.
Although not a qualification of the loan, counselors are now required to ask potential borrowers about income, assets, debts, and monthly living expenses in order to perform a budget analysis. Once you have completed this session you will be provided a counseling certificate which you will need to sign and deliver to your lender of choice.
As a lender we must also give you a list of no less than 10 counseling agencies to choose from, 5 of which are mandated by the FHA and include the National Council on Aging.
Only after a lender receives an application and signed counseling certificate can we begin the processing of your loan. To find a HUD approved counseling agency near you, please continue to our counseling angency page »
Current Interest Rates
- Adjustable - 2.20%
- Fixed - 3.99% (5.84%APR)
View rate sheet for APR info »
Rates as of 7/26/16
Fixed Rate / Lump Sum:
The Fixed Interest Rate allows borrowers who want a fixed rate loan, and who wish to take a full draw at inception and work well within the program parameters to take advantage of the lower Up-Front Mortgage Insurance Premium offered on the fixed rate.
Recent improvements to the Fixed Rate program have greatly reduced Several Rates and provided different options on this program.
Adjustable Rates / Credit Line
Unlike Home Equity Lines of Credit offered by your local bank, the line of credit cannot be closed or frozen at the whim of the lender. The line also increases in availability each month based on the unused portion. Read more about our credit line plans here »
Tenure Payment Plan:
Sometimes referred to as an "annuity mortgage", the proceeds made available to you may be structured into monthly installments for the rest of your life as long as you live in the home and meet your obligations under the mortgage (i.e. pay your taxes and insurance, etc).


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Ronald M. NeronskyApril 26,2013Ronald M. Neronsky
SPRINGFIELD A graveside committal service for Ronald M. Neronsky, 65, who died Feb. 8, 2013, will be held Friday May 3, 2013, at 11 a.m. with military honors at the Oakland Cemetery in Springfield.
The Rev. Thomas Charlton will officiate.
Arrangements are under the direction of the Davis Memorial Chapel in Springfield.MORE IN ObituariesCynthia M. Full StoryMarion Turner
Marion Turner, 93, of Rutland, died Sunday, July 24, 2016, at Mountain... Full StoryThelma Alex
SPRINGFIELD Thelma Alex, 95, passed away Thursday, July 21, 2016, in... Full Story
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If you look back over the milestones of the surveillance industry you will find the name Ikegami. The Ikegami name in the USA had small beginnings starting out in 1964 with just $2,000 in capital and a small Manhattan sales office. Since then, the company has become a recognized leader in the color television camera industry and a major supplier of high end broadcast equipment. Ikegami is now one of the world's leading manufacturers of high-quality professional broadcast equipment offering a broad range of TV cameras for ENG, EFP, Studio, HDTV and CCTV. Their name has become synonymous with quality with many of their products receiving awards for engineering excellence.
By listening to their customers' comments and opinions, Ikegami will continue manufacturing products, which meet the market's needs.
For warranty information click here: http://www.ikegami.com/faq/warrbr.html
Ikegami Electronics (USA) Inc.
Tel:(201) 368-9171 x 235
Fax: (201) 368-1305
VIVOTEK offers a comprehensive product lineup, including network cameras, video servers, video receivers, NVR, and central management software. Their R&D capability is one of the best in the industry developing innovative solutions to some of the inherent problems associated with IP Video systems. With this in mind VIVOTEK will continue to develop products featuring more advanced functions and expand their product range to include products from entry level to high end commercial systems.
VIVOTEK INC., established in Taiwan in 2000, has quickly grown into a leading manufacturer within the network video surveillance industry. Their business philosophy emphasises the importance of maintaining close relationships with their clients, partner organisations and employees to deliver cutting-edge technology and solutions to the security industry.
Tel: (408) 773-8686 Opt. 2
Fax: (408) 773-8298
- Helps Convert AC 24V to DC 12V
- UL and CSA Listed
- Integral Surge Protection
- Underwriters Laboratory Recognized
- Individual LED power Indication
- Individual PTC Output Protection
- Integral Surge Protection
- Underwriters Laboratory Recognized
- Individual LED power Indication
- Individual PTC Output Protection
- 12VDC 500MA Plug In Power Supply
- Primary: 120 Volt 60 Hz
- Secondary: 12 VDC 500MA
- 2.1mm Coax plug
- 6 foot cord
- 24 Volts AC 635MA
- 12 Volts DC 1000MA
- Input: 120V 60Hz
- Output: 24VAC - 20VA
- Class II Power Supply
- Two Screw Terminal Output
- UL and CUL Recognized
- Indoor PoE splitter
- Provides separate data (via RJ45)
- Power connections to non-PoE cameras by splitting a PoE input
- Indoor PoE splitter
- Provides separate data (via RJ45)
- Power connections to non-PoE cameras by splitting a PoE input
- Over Current Protection Supported
- PoE PD Auto Detection Supported
- Fast Ethernet (RJ45) 1
- Video Resolution Megapixel/D1/VGA
- Compatible Camera List VIVOTEK Network Cameras
- Over Current Protection Supported
- PoE PD Auto Detection Supported
- Gigabit Ethernet (RJ45) 1
- Video Resolution Megapixel/D1/VGA
- Circuit Shorting Protection Supported
- Indoor 1xGE 60W UPoE injector
- Industrial gigabit PoE injector
- Industrial gigabit 60W UPoE injector
- Din Rail Power Supply for AW-IHU-0100, AW-IHT-0500, AW-IHT-0501, AW-IHT-0502, AW-IHT-0600, AW-IHT-0601
- Input 90~264VAC
- Output 48VDC/120W
- Operating Temps -20~70°C
See any errors on this page? Let us know.


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As a sophomore you may be meeting your academic advisor for just the first or second time. Typically your advisor is a faculty member in your chosen major. If you are an undecided major then your advisor is Amy Siegel.
If you have changed your major or added a minor then your advisor may be someone different than you previously had. If you are unsure who your advisor is you can contact the ARC or Amy Siegel.
Your academic advisor is available to meet with you to discuss any academic concerns that you may have. Academic advisors are also resources that can help you with academic planning, career exploration, goal setting, and schedule changes.
Your academic advisor is interested in helping you achieve success as a student and individual.
Make plans to meet your academic advisor today- send them an email and set up an appointment to develop plans for YOUR future.


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Final WWE RAW Rating For This Week
Posted by Matt Boone August 6, 2013 0 Comment
Monday's edition of WWE RAW scored a final cable rating of 2.96, up from the final number for last week's taped show.
RAW on Monday averaged 4.178 million viewers, up 11 percent from last week. It was the most viewers the show has had since the May 20th episode.
For cable television on Monday night, WWE RAW ranked number two, trailing only VH-1's "Love & Hip-Hop: Atlanta." However, RAW did rank number one in the key male demos.
Follow 24Wrestling.com journalist Matt Boone on Twitter @MBoone420 for breaking news updates!
Discuss this article by leaving a comment below, or by posting on our Facebook and/or Twitter pages.


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Electrical problem
1983 Other Vauxhall Models 4 cyl Two Wheel Drive Manual 75.000 miles
2.3 "slant" engine. Will start sometimes, runs about 5 minutes. cuts out, very weak spark detected at plugs. but very good spark every time
when king lead is married to a plug lead. all parts new incl "dizzy" except hall trigger to modual cable.
Monday, July 12th, 2010 AT 10:09 AM


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Investigation: Hattiesburg taxpayers fund liquor, jewelry, and gifts
HATTIESBURG, MS. It's a tax you pay when you eat at a restaurant or stay at a hotel in Hattiesburg. At two percent, it generates millions of dollars for the convention center all in th
By: starskyandhutch69 | Comments: 6 | Views: 1055 | Votes: 1 | Shared: 0
Location: Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States | Leaked: Dec-18-2015 in Other News
Turkey's red line in Syria under attack
Turkey's red line in Syria under attackTurkey's risky Turkmen gamble The Syrian military, backed by Russian air power, is giving priority to taking control of the Bayirbucak region by intens
By: Slurms_MacKenzie | Comments: 16 | Views: 2765 | Votes: 3 | Shared: 0
Location: Ankara, Ankara, Turkey | Leaked: Dec-7-2015 in Syria
Saudi Arabia accounted for 75% of the value of all official gifts given to the US in 2014
Three quarters of the value of all official gifts given to the US administration in 2014 came from Saudi Arabia, according to US government records. US President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle O
By: Chinko_Bismar | Comments: 35 | Views: 1402 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 6
Location: United States | Leaked: Dec-3-2015 in Other News, Politics
Here are 13 more reasons I'm sooo glad I didn't vote for a Socialist or whatever he is.
Here are the Latest reasons/entries: (more…) =============================================================== The complete list can be found a t https://danfromsquirrelhill.wordpress.com/2013/08/
By: Anon51 | Comments: 114 | Views: 44471 | Votes: 9 | Shared: 197
Location: Ussa, Niger, Nigeria | Leaked: Nov-23-2015 in Politics
[Videos] Russian cruise missiles hit ISIS from Mediterranean & Caspian; 600 killed in one strike
RT 21 November 2015 The Russian military has launched cruise missiles against Islamic State positions in Syria from both the Mediterranean and Caspian seas, one of which killed over 600 ter
By: Karl2015 | Comments: 221 | Views: 15548 | Votes: 22 | Shared: 164
Leaked: Nov-20-2015 in World News, Ukraine, Syria, WTF, Weapons
Hillary Hops On a Carbon-Spewing Learjet After Winning Endorsement From Environmental Group
Hillary stepped onto a carbon-guzzling private jet, showing just how committed she is to the cause. Hillary Clinton left New Hampshire campaign Tuesday night after receiving a powerful environmenta
By: Pugnator | Comments: 51 | Views: 876 | Votes: 3 | Shared: 6
Location: United States | Leaked: Nov-12-2015 in Other News, Politics
The United States, the self-declared "Land of the Free," ranked 15th for personal freedom.
Move Over, America: Canada Is the Land of the Free In late August, then-GOP presidential hopeful Scott Walker said building a wall along the 5,525-mile border between the United States and Canada
By: DollarPonzi | Comments: 56 | Views: 1772 | Votes: 2 | Shared: 6
Location: United States | Leaked: Nov-6-2015 in Other News, Politics
EU plan lags as just 90 migrants leave Italy
A plan to move thousands of asylum seekers from Italy to elsewhere in the EU is already falling by the wayside as just 90 people have left over the past month. Under the bitterly contested p
By: gemini | Comments: 24 | Views: 1189 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
Location: Italy | Leaked: Oct-28-2015 in Other News, Politics
100 years after sinking in epic gale, ghostly wreck of the Henry B. Smith found in Lake Superior
MARQUETTE, MI — A group of shipwreck hunters from Minnesota and Wisconsin claim to have discovered one of the most sought-after wrecks of the Great Lakes on the cusp of the 100-year anniversary
By: Detroit Iron | Comments: 23 | Views: 2553 | Votes: 12 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Oct-18-2015 in History
Drug Goes From $13.50 a Tablet to $750, Overnight
Specialists in infectious disease are protesting a gigantic overnight increase in the price of a 62-year-old drug that is the standard of care for treating a life-threatening parasitic infection
By: dacian | Comments: 133 | Views: 2733 | Votes: 14 | Shared: 11
Leaked: Sep-21-2015 in Other
(Sept. 13, 2015) Several Ancient Shipwrecks Found Near Turkey
Underwater archaeological work carried out by Konya Selçuk University (SU) in the southern province of Mersin's Silifke district has unearthed a 5,000-year-old sea route. The SU Underwater Researc
By: MR_rusty | Comments: 17 | Views: 2171 | Votes: 6 | Shared: 0
Location: Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey | Leaked: Sep-13-2015 in Regional News
[Watch] Judge Silences Race-baiting Lawyer In Epic Smackdown
The Black Lives Matter movement has become more brazen recently with their threats of violence against white people and cops. These misguided protesters and their rabid followers would rather b
By: Detroit Iron | Comments: 42 | Views: 6464 | Votes: 16 | Shared: 0
Location: United States | Leaked: Sep-8-2015 in Politics
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Jeff Gage
Jeff Gage has been in the alt-weekly game since 2009. He spent four years on staff at City Pages in Minneapolis and can confirm that he is indeed taller than Prince. (He went to the guy's house once. Kind of.) In April 2014 he moved to Dallas, and not Austin (on purpose), to become the music editor of the Dallas Observer. In spite of his hair, he harbors no fantasies of being a rock star, but thank you for asking.
Popular Stories
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When Richard Haskins showed up to court on Thursday morning, he had no idea that he was going to receive his sentence. Arrested in December 2012 for attempting to rob the Well Fargo bank on University Drive in Denton, the Wee Beasties singer has b...
2 days ago | DFW Music News
Kris Kristofferson's return to the stage at Newport Folk Festival last weekend was a landmark in the country music legend's career. It was there in 1969 that he made his debut as a guitarist for Johnny Cash, who had just discovered Kristofferson a...
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Mark Cuban is no stranger to the spotlight. The outspoken Dallas Mavericks owner, Shark Tank star and Dancing With the Stars alum usually isn't too far from the public eye. He's no stranger to music, either, thanks to the concert booking...


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Three months after Allen and Grace Brewer's son died in a car accident, Rose shows up on their doorstep, pregnant with his child. At first her arrival divides their already troubled marriage, but as they accept their grief, Rose and her baby may just bring them back together.
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Patriarch-Catholicos Ilia II of All Georgia visits St. Sergius' Laura of the Trinity and Moscow Theological Schools28. January 2013 - 14:01
His Holiness and Beatitude Ilia II, Patriarch-Catholicos of All Georgia, and the delegation of the Georgian Orthodox Church visited St. Sergius Laura of the Trinity. They were accompanied by Archbishop Mark of Yegoryevsk, head of the Office for Institutions Abroad, Archimandrite Vakhtang of the St. George's Church in Moscow, and Rev. Mikhail Bogdanov, Department for External Church relations.
Primates of Russian and Georgian Orthodox Churches meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin28. January 2013 - 13:50
On 23 January 2013, President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation, at his Novo-Ogaryovo residence near Moscow, met with His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia and with His Holiness and Beatitude Catholicos-Patriarch Iliya II of All Georgia who had been awarded the IFUOCN prize "For Special Services in Strengthening Fraternal Ties between Orthodox Nations and Churches."
His Holiness Patriarch Kirill meets with Primate of Georgian Orthodox Church22. January 2013 - 16:04
On 21 January 2013, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia met with Holiness and Beatitude Catholicos-Patriarch Iliya II of All Georgia and with the delegation of the Georgian Orthodox Church. The meeting took place at the Patriarchal residence in St. Daniel Monastery.
Meeting His Holiness and Beatitude Iliya II at the entrance to the residence were Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk, chairman of the Moscow Patriarchate's Department for External Church Relations (DECR); Bishop Sergiy of Solnechnogorsk, head of the Moscow Patriarchate's Administrative Secretariat; archpriest Nikolai Balashov, DECR deputy chairman; and archpriest Igor Yakimchuk, DECR secretary for inter-Orthodox relations.
Thessaloniki declares 2013 the Year of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Enlighteners of the Slavs17. January 2013 - 16:11
The year 2013 in Thessaloniki, Greece will be devoted to Saints Cyril and Methodius, Enlighteners of the Slavic nations, reports "Romfeya." The decision to celebrate the memory of the enlighteners of the Slavs in their native city was made in connection with the 1150th anniversary of their chief missionary feat - making the first Slavic alphabet in 863.
A large international symposium is planned to be held in Thessaloniki -- probably in the second quarter of 2013. Paralleling the Symposium Thessaloniki 's Municipality is planning to organize an exhibition about the missionary work of the Thessalonican brothers and their era. The exhibition is expected to last until 2014; not only residents of Greece, but also those of countries visited by the missionary brothers, Enlighteners of the Slavs,: Serbia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine and Russia will have a chance to become acquainted with the exhibit.
Solemn Concert in honour of Georgian Patriarch Ilia12. January 2013 - 13:40
The solemn cultural program was performed in the presence of a few thousand visitors regarding 35th anniversary of the ministry of Georgian Catholicos Patriarch Ilia II. Eminent Georgian artist showcased in this program the treasure of the national tradition of Georgia and the deeds of His Holiness and Beatitude of All Georgia Ilia.


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March 21, 2016
In the Galapagos, UW researchers partner to map historic climate patterns
Together with colleagues from Australian National University, University of Washington oceanographers used clues from the Galapagos Islands — a dot in the middle of the Pacific Ocean — to trace El Niño patterns and seasonal tropical rains over the past 2,000 years. Evidence shows shifts that last for centuries, suggesting these tropical climate patterns have…
March 18, 2016
Center for Global Health Nursing promotes 'health that transcends borders'
Sarah Gimbel and Pam Kohler co-direct the UW School of Nursing Center for Global Health Nursing. The center pushes for the voices of nurses to be included in global health conversations. The center will support nursing students who want to learn and serve overseas, as well as international students who want to study at the UW. Likewise, a global…
March 16, 2016
Solving the global problem of mental health illness
Professor Deepa Rao and her colleagues say stigma, poor mental health, and substance abuse drive many global health problems, including diabetes, preterm birth, trauma injuries, self-harm and motor vehicle deaths. More than one billion people suffer from a mental health illness or substance abuse problem. "Mental health has been a neglected disease in global health,"…
March 7, 2016
UW's interdisciplinary innovation centers 'can serve as a model for research institutions'
"Higher education is developing an efficient and effective new model for 21st Century innovation" write University of Washington professors David Baker, Tom Daniel, Ed Lazowska and Dan Schwartz in a recent opinion piece. "Research institutes such as [those at the UW] eliminate sclerotic silos and bureaucratic boundaries by deftly blending teams of super-smart students, faculty, and research scientists from interconnected subject areas….
February 29, 2016
Husky Presidential Ambassadors Leadership Institute facilitates inclusive engagement
Universities across the nation are working to further connect international students and create a globally engaged campus environment for all students. Increasing globalization also raises the demand for graduates with increased competencies in cross-cultural communication and practice. Engaging together in cross-cultural leadership studies, undergraduates learn to think and connect across boundaries, enhancing all students' Husky Experience. Read more from Trends and Issues…
February 23, 2016
New device shows great promise for in HIV prevention in Africa
Recent studies in Africa led by University of Washington researchers and others showed that a vaginal ring infused with a microbicide helped prevent HIV infection in more than half of women who used the device correctly. Read more from The Seattle Times… Read more from HS News Beat…
February 22, 2016
Re-thinking safari tourism
UW Bothell professors Ben Gardner and Ron Krabill will lead an exploration seminar called "Critical perspectives on ecotourism in Tanzania" to examine many of the issues raised in Gardner's newly-released book "Selling the Serengeti: The Cultural Politics of Safari Tourism" and ongoing research in the area. The seminar is funded by a Global Innovation Fund grant. Read…
February 19, 2016
UW part of team that drilled first deep ice core at the South Pole
This January — high summer at the South Pole — a University of Washington glaciologist helped lead a project that surpassed its goal to drill the first deep ice core at the planet's southernmost tip, providing material to help solve a climate puzzle. Read more from UW Today…
February 11, 2016
Unearthing new discoveries at Honduras' City of the Jaguar
UW researchers Anna Cohen and Rodrigo Solinis-Casparius are part of a bi-national, multi-agency team excavating the City of the Jaguar in Honduras. Artifacts from the site provide clues about life in the lost city, and how it came to an end. Read more from National Geographic…
February 4, 2016
Global Health professor to New York Times: "Zika virus a 'a temperature-driven eruption'"
Weather and warm temperatures are playing an important role in the spread of Zika virus, says University of Washington professor Kristine Ebi in a recent New York Times article. Read more from the New York Times… Get Zika travel information from the CDC… Visit UW Global Travelers…
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R: Racing Evolution
An uncertain fate seems to await Namco's upcoming racing simulation.
This isn't simply a difference of taste talking. I like simulation racing games just fine --
It's not loose and slidey like an arcade racer, but it doesn't have the reassuring weight and realistic grip of a sim. The game's feel varies considerably depending on your choice of races. The TGS demo offered either GT sportscar racing on Suzuka circuit or rallying in a Subaru Impreza, and the two modes almost felt like two different games.
The GT racing is downright leaden in the turns. The sense of speed is decent in the straights, but when you pull into a tight corner, you're suddenly in the
The rally mode, conversely, is squirrelly as heck. At Suzuka, I wondered what was keeping me glued to the track, while in the Impreza, I felt like I was racing a popcorn popper. The slightest bump can throw you off track -- it's nothing like the reassuring mix of weight and drifty handling in a better rally simulation. The game's "pressure" system, meanwhile, is hard to fathom. A gauge appears over neighboring racers when you bump them or threaten to overtake, representing the degree of tension between the two of you, but the effect of that tension on gameplay isn't immediately evident. It doesn't seem to alter the AI's behavior substantially, or make your own handling any different.
What makes this all so very disappointing is that
The most sensible course of action here would be a new alliance between Namco and Sony.
See all R: Racing Evolution Previews >
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- Game:
- R: Racing Evolution
- Platforms:
- GameCube, XBOX, PS2
- Genre:
- Racing
- Publisher:
- Namco Bandai
- Developer:
- Namco Bandai
- ESRB Rating:
- Rating Pending
- Release Date:
- 12/09/2003
- Also Known As:
1UP Editor Score: C
Average Community Score: NA
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