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Join us on our podcast each weekday for an interesting story, well told, from Charisma News. Listen at charismapodcastnetwork.com.
Roman Catholic cardinals filed into the Vatican on Monday for preliminary meetings to sketch an identikit for the next pope and ponder who among them might be best to lead a church beset by crises.
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Hemorrhoids (cont.)
Bleeding during bowel movements, itching, and rectal pain are the most common hemorrhoid symptoms.
External hemorrhoids
Rectal pain occurs mainly with external hemorrhoids. Blood may pool under the skin, forming a hard, painful lump. This is called a thrombosed, or clotted, hemorrhoid. You might also notice streaks of blood on the toilet paper after straining to pass a stool.
Internal hemorrhoids
The most common symptom of internal hemorrhoids is rectal bleeding. You may find bright red streaks of blood on the toilet paper or bright red blood in the toilet bowl after having a normal bowel movement. Blood also may be visible on the surface of the stool.
Other symptoms of internal hemorrhoids may include:
Rectal bleeding and pain and recent changes in bowel habits are also symptoms of colon, rectal, or anal cancer. People who have these symptoms, especially those age 50 or older or those with a family history of colon cancer, need to talk to their doctors.
Other conditions with symptoms similar to hemorrhoids include:
eMedicineHealth Medical Reference from Healthwise
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2014 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
Healthy Resources
- Should You Have Surgery?
- Understand Your Treatment Options for Constipation
- 19 Habits That Wreck Your Teeth

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WYNBERG BOYS' PERFORM WELL AT TWO CONCERTS On Friday 8 May our concert band, under the baton of Peter Catzavelos, travelled to Stellenbosch to participate in a prestigious concert at Stellenbosch University's Endler Theatre. They played extremely well and had the opportunity to listen to bands from Stellenbosch University as well as other schools. […]read more
Congratulations to the following Old Boys: Josh Katzen and Sikhumbuzo Notshe on their selection for the WP u21 rugby team; Josh has been appointed Captain of the team. Chris Heiberg on being selected to play for the Western Force who are based in Perth, Australia.read more
All Wynberg Old Boys and current pupils and their families are cordially invited to join us to celebrate our 172nd birthday and to remember all those who have gone before us. PROGRAMME OF EVENTS Monday 19 August Debating vs Wynberg Old Boys' Team: 19h00 in the Staffroom Chess vs Old Boys: 19h00 in the Library […]read more
It was with a heavy heart that we were told the news that Ray Connellan had been diagnosed with terminal cancer six weeks ago. After phoning all his friends, it came as no surprise that he immediately booked two tickets so that he and Daphne could visit Bev, Howard and Tim and all his Grandchildren […]read more
Wynberg was delighted to welcome well-known International Referee, Jonathan Kaplan, to address the boys. He gave a fascinating insight into himself, his illustrious career and the demands of refereeing. We appreciate his having taken time out of his busy schedule to talk to our boys and in particular, to the boys who have either qualified […]read more


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SAN DIEGO (AP) - "South Park" co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone have been getting the same question over and over on the eve of the premiere of the show's 20th season: When are they going to do a Pokemon Go episode?
SAN DIEGO (AP) - Jon Snow isn't dead, but he is missing - at least from Comic-Con.
Seeking to entice new audiences and build interest in Philadelphia theater, the Azuka Theatre will hit the boards next season with an unusual ticket strategy.
DENVER (AP) - Ben Higgins, the most recent star of ABC's "The Bachelor," announced Friday he had abandoned a campaign for public office in Colorado, just two days after filing the required paperwork to run.
Hardcover For the week ended July 10, compiled by Nielsen BookScan © 2016 The Nielsen Co.
Fiction 1. Magic Danielle Steel. Delacorte. $29


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Honda Gallery Service Reviews
- 88-98 Walkers Brook Dr
- Reading, MA 01867 (map)
- (888) 815-5897
- Visit dealer's website
- Chat with Dealer
Service Reviews
Recommend this dealer? Yes
Every one was very accommodating, friendly and kept me updated on the status of my car. My car very nicely cleaned as well. Looked great.
Read the full review
Thank you very much for taking your time to leave us a great review! We are pleased to hear about your great experience at Honda Gallery! If there is anything else we can do for you just give us a call! Best, Honda Gallery TeamAll Comments (1)
Recommend this dealer? Yes
The information provided before the service with updates during the service. My options after the service was complete, if I had any subsequent problems. The car wash was a great perk!
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Phyllis, we're glad to hear that your service visit went so well. It's always great to hear from our customers and we appreciate you taking the time to give us feedback. Thank you for choosing Honda Gallery for your vehicle needs. Best, Honda Gallery TeamAll Comments (1)
Recommend this dealer? Yes
From the moment I arrived, the employees were extremely helpful. The customer representative who assisted me (Nick I believe) made a concerted effort to walk me through the process and ensure that I was made aware of everything I needed know. Additionally, his positive demeanor and inter-personnel...
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We are truly grateful for this awesome review! We are thrilled that Nick was able to take care of you. He is a great asset to our team and we appreciate him providing you with the service that you deserve. Thank you again and we look forward to the opportunity... Read moreAll Comments (1)
Recommend this dealer? Yes
From Ralph greeting me and staying with me until a service rep. Was available through Randy and his help- I discovered what caring was all about. There gentlemen went over and above what was expected.
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Claire, thank you for writing this fantastic review and giving our dealership such an excellent star rating! It is great to hear Ralph and Randy were able to go above and beyond your expectations and provide you with a memorable experience. Feel free to call o... Read moreAll Comments (1)
Recommend this dealer? Yes
I was greeted right away in a polite & friendly manner. My car was ready when they said it would be. I was offered coffee & snacks which is a nice gesture. Honda Gallery is a great dealership & I enjoy bringing my car in for service. I also love my Honda!
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William, thank you for sharing this great feedback with us. We feel our service department is what makes Honda Gallery special. Reviews like yours help us to make sure that we're meeting the needs of our customers and were glad to hear that you were pleased wi... Read moreAll Comments (1)


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Bypass the box office line at many theaters with guaranteed advance tickets. If something comes up, you can return or exchange them up until the posted showtime.
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Actress Azura Skye took her premier cinematic bows during her late teens, and tended to play against her straight-laced appearance by essaying a series of consistently quirky and offbeat roles. She was memorable as a drug addict alongside Sandra Bullock in 28 Days (2000), played one of Cinderella's "beautiful" half-siblings in the revisionist small-screen fairy-tale update Confessions of an Ugly...


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Friday Fresh Free Fonts - Constantine, Montserrat, Aaram
- Jul 18, 2014
- paul0v2
Friday fresh free fonts is a series of free fonts posted every Friday, yes I know it's awesome. I will look forward to bring a lot of great fonts that will sure help you improve your typography work. Check out what I selected for you on this FFFF post and make sure to comeback for more next week.
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DroidForums News Team member "Macktion" has started a new app review series over in the Android...
Samsung Galaxy S III & Behringer UCA202:
Android phones and USB DACs
NwAvGuy: Behringer UCA202 Review
Samsung Galaxy S III > digital audio stream...
Samsung Galaxy S III & Epiphany Acoustics EHP-O2D miniature desktop headphone amplifier with USB DAC:
Unboxing, Pictures & Initial Impressions of...
I found this on another Droid forum that helped me quite a bit, some of the ROMS are not listed on this forums though so *shrug*.
ROM Review
Samsung Galaxy S III & Objective DAC:
NwAvGuy: ODAC May Update
NwAvGuy: ODAC Released
stock Galaxy S III > digital audio stream >> ODAC (i.e....
Vignette for Android Review - Android Forums
There are some more than decent X pics and the app that helped take them.
...it was appropriate to just start a new thread:
Hey guys, I did a review for the Clingo Universal Stand.
It's on my blog, so be sure to check it out.
Clingo Universal Stand Review
...That is a good review above for those who are actually interested in real feedback from someone going from the moto droid to the droid inc.
...Be careful with that combo case. If you look on the back left side of the speaker area near the camera button you will see how thin the case is...
2010 marked the bloom of consumer awareness for mobile tablet computing devices, jump starting with the Apple iPad in April. Despite...
[IMG]18. Jun, 2010 written by Adam Grage / Androidheadlines.com...
I'm up for contract renewal, so it was time to make a decision on a new phone. I could either wait for one of the 4g phones to come out or get...
If you are tired of waiting for my Droid 2 review (which I should be doing this weekend), urburgizmo has you covered for the moment. They...
Well thought out. Dual processor doesn't mean twice the speed. If you don't need that type of processor then why use it....


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Dec 25, 1973
|Filing date
|Oct 20, 1972
|Priority date
|Oct 20, 1972
|Also published as
|Publication number
|F Blaha, I Mack, D Mccann, M White
|Original Assignee
|Westinghouse Electric Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (46), Classifications (19)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent 1191 White et al.
[ Dec. 25, 1973 [75] Inventors: Marvin H. White, Prince George;
David H. McCann, Jr., Ellicott City;
lngham A. G. Mack, Laurel; Franklyn C. Blaha, Glen Burnie, all of Md.
[73] Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation,
Pittsburgh, Pa. 1
22 Filed; Oct. 20, 1972 211 A 1.No.299,4s0.
521 U.S.Cl. 307/304, 328/165, 307/221 D,
' 317/235 R 511 Int..Cl....; H011 19/00 581 Field 01 Search 307/304, 221 D;
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,537,019 I 10/1970 Reichard 328/165 Primary Examiner-Jerry D. Craig Attorney-F. H. Henson et al.
[5 7] ABSTRACT A coherent sampled CMOS readout circuit and signal processor coupled to a CCD shift register operated by a two-phase minority carrier transfer clock system. The invention comprises a multiplex MIS switch, a re.- verse biased collection diode, an N channel MOSFET reset switch, a P channel MOSFET electrometer amplifier, and a sample and hold circuit, the configuration having four distinct operational timing subintervals within a clock period wherein the charge is shifted from one shift register bit to another and tinally to the output bit. This removes the Nyquist noise a so iat d with h reset tqhayrprsnss w qhin transients 556 l/fsurf ace noise to thereby improve the signal to noise ratio, i.e., dynamic range, for a CCD array and readout system.
10 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures PATENTEDUECZS'W 3.781.574
SHEET 1 0F 2 2hr {l0 [I8 22 24 COLLECTING SAMPLE8 OUTPUT A D A DIODE HOLD (5TH A TRANSFER GATES A PARALLEL T0 SERIAL x5 CONVERSION 2; RESET I x 34 SWITCH-l6 Q COLLECTING L M DIODE- I8 OUTPUT A '-TT--- 64 V6 T3 r L SUB A? IGI sue; L D N REsET S T \ELECTROMETER SWITCHTZO *7 AMPLIFIER-22 R R VEB) (0 OUTPUT -v +v TA -v PATENTED UEEZ 51973 "SHEET 2 BF 2 FIG. 6
RESET READ RESET SWITCH 76 SWITCH 90 COHERENT SAMPLED READOUT CIRCUIT AND SIGNAL PROCESSOR FOR A CHARGE COUPLED DEVICE ARRAY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to charge coupled device (CCD) technology, and more particularly, to'semiconductor apparatus for providing respective output signals indicative of the sequential transfer of minority carrier packets from a CCD shift register.
2. Description of the Prior Art A new class of monolithic semiconductor apparatus adapted for storing and sequentially transferring electronic signals representing information in the-form of packets of excess minority carriers localized in artificially induced potential wells has been disclosed by W.S. Boyle and GS. Smith, in an article entitled Charge Coupled Semiconductor Devices, B.S.T..l. April, 1970, pages 587-593, inclusive. Such apparatus comprises a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure wherein a plurality of metal electrodes are disposed in a row over the insulator (dielectric) which in turn overlies and is contiguous with the surface of a semiconductor body. Sequential application of voltages to the metal electrodes induces potential wells adjacent the surface of the semiconductor body in which packets of excess minority carriers can be stored and .between which these packets can be transferred. To insure predictable directionality of charge packet transfer, the transfer potential wellmust be asymmetrical at least during the transfer operation. As disclosed in the Boyle-Smith disclosure, at least three phase clock pulses are required to provide the requisite asymmetry for a uniform dielectric thickness under the gate electrodes and a homogeneous semiconductor.
A two-phase clock CCD system is disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,651,349 issued to Dawon Kahng-and Edward H. Nicollian. Charge transfer is accomplished in this configuration by the use of overlapping gate electrodes and/or non-uniform dielectric thicknesses under the gate electrodes so that an appropriately asymmetrical potential well is always formed whenever a voltage is applied to any gate electrode.
Charge coupled devices have also been noted to be particularly adapted to the fabrication of an imaging array where for example a parallel readout of the array is first made to an adjacent shift register with the readout of the shift register then being accomplished serially. Such apparatus is shown in the article entitled Charge-Coupled Imaging Devices: Experimental Results published by GR Amelio, et al., and appearing in the IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, November, 1971, at pages 992-996, inclusive.
A charge sensing circuit is also disclosed by the prior art. Such apparatus is disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,623,132, issued to Robert D. Green, and discloses a first field effect transistor being turned on during a first phase recurring interval for charging a first capacitor at the gate electrode of an output field effect transistor. During a second phase recurring interval, a second field effect transistor is turned on for coupling the first capacitor to a second capacitor at the output of a charge coupled circuit. The voltage on the first capacitor causes an inversion or depletion under the fixed plate of the second capacitor. If the charge coupled circuit is charged, that is it has minority carriers, an inversion region is formed under the fixed plate and electrically connects the second capacitor to the charge coupled circuit. Normally the charge coupled circuit is charged when a binary logic I is provided at the input to the circuit. If the inversion layer is formed, the voltage on the first capacitor is substantially reduced and the output transistor is turned off." If the charge coupled circuit is not charged as when a logic 0 is provided at the input of the charge coupled circuit, the semiconductor substrate beneath the second capacitor plate is only depleted. The voltage on the first capacitor is reduced only slightly, and the output field effect transistor remains on. The logic state of the charge coupled circuit is sensed by determining whether or not the output field effect transistor remains on or is turned of SUMMARY The present invention is directed to a coherent sampling readout circuit and signal processor which provides time correlation of the output of each bit of a CCD shift register utilized in combination with a CCD line array for removing the Nyquist noise component and switching transients and comprises a multiplex MIS switch formed between the last bit of a CCD shift register and a reverse biased collecting diode, an M08 field effect transistor reset switch of first semiconductivity and a MOS field effect transistor amplifier of opposite type semiconductivity coupled to the collecting diode. A sample and hold circuit includes a first capacitor coupled to the output of the MOS amplifier and control signals are applied to the aforesaid circuit configuration for providing four timing sub-intervals during a charge transfer time period wherein the collecting diode is first reset to a predetermined reference voltage through the reset switch whereupon the circuit node capacitance between the collection diode, reset switch and the amplifier charges to a predetermined reset level. The sample and hold circuit then reads the predetermined reset level across the node capacitance and holds this level across said first capacitor. The MIS switch is then activated to gate out the minority carriers to the collection diode whereupon a difference signal is provided between the previously sampled reset signal level and the signal output from the collecting diode across a second capacitor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the subject invention utilized in combination with a charge coupled device array;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross sectional view of monolithic semiconductor charge coupled apparatus illustrative of a two-phase multilevel transfer electrode structure including a MIS output switch and a collecting diode;
FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the readout circuit forming the subject invention;
FIG. 4 is a more detailed partial cross-sectional view of a monolithic semiconductor device incorporating the readout circuit of the subject invention;
FIG. 5 is an electrical schematic diagram illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the subject invention;
FIG. 6 is a series of time related waveforms illustrative of the operative of the subject invention; and
FIG. 7 is a spectral noise power diagram helpful in understanding the subject invention.
DESCRIPTION .OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Charge coupled devices (CCD) create and store minority carriers or their absence in potential wells which are spacially defined regions where depletion is momentar'ily deepened at the interface of a homogeneous semiconductor and oxide insulator. Once stored, the charges coupled to the potential well can be moved over the surface of the semiconductor simply by moving the potential well. The process of injecting charge into a semiconductor either by way of optical or electrical injection, transferring it by means of potential wells along the surface of the semiconductor and detecting it or its absence at some other location or some time later, forms the basis of the circuit operation.
Referring now to the drawings, attention is first directed to FIG. 1, wherein reference numeral 10 represents a linear charge coupled device array which may be operated as a line imaging device as taught by the above-referenced article entitled Charge-Coupled Imaging Devices: Experime ntal Results. Minority carrier charge packets are formed at discrete positions along the array 10 in response to an optical signal hv impinging on each discrete region. A like number of transfer gates 12 simultaneously transfer all of the charge packets in the array 10 to aCCD shift register 14 when a gate signal is applied to the transfer gates 12 prior to the beginning of a selected clock period T. The shift register 14 has a bit capacity equal to the number of discrete regions and transfer gates so that a separate bit receives a charge packet from its corresponding array element. The shift register 14 has an appropriate transfer electrode structure suitable for two phase operation. A two-phase clock, not shown, couples mutually 180 out of phase (anti-phase) square wave clock signals 0 and 0 to the structure which sequentially shifts the charge packets to a multiplex (MUX) switch 16 which is operated in accordance with a control. signal 0 synchronized to the clock signals 0, and 0 Thus a parallel to serial conversion is effected. The switch'l6 sequentially gates minority charge packets from the last bit of the shift register 14 into a reverse biased output diode 18 which is periodically reset to a reference voltage V by means of a MOS reset switch 20 operated in accordance with a reset signal 0,, in a manner to be explained in greater detail subsequently. A MOS electrometer amplifier 22 then feeds into a sample and hold circuit 24 whose output comprises sequential video signals corresponding to the sequential output of the shift register 14.
Thus photons incident on the array generate minority carriers which are stored in and moved therefrom through the transfer gates 12 to the shift register 14 which is indexed sequentially to the multiplexed output switch 16 which is adjacent the last transfer electrode, not shown. While the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is directed primarily to optical injection, it should be noted that any other desirable type of minority carrier generation, e.g., electrical injection can be utilized when desired.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a grounded substrate 26 of a first type semiconductivity (shown here illustratively as N type) is shown over which is disposed a dielectric layer 28 comprised of, for example, silicon dioxide SiO Transfer electrodes 30 and 32 form the last two transfer electrodes of the shift register 14 shown in FIG. 1. The transfer electrode configuration comprises multilevel elements which when desired, can overlap for two phase operation as taught in the prior art. Another metallic electrode 34 is also fabricated on the dielectric layer 28 adjacent the last transfer electrode 32 between the collecting diode 18 which is formed by a region of second type semiconductivity (P-ltype) diffused in the substrate 26. An electrode 36 is formed at the innerface 38 between the insulating layer and the P+ type region 40. The transfer electrodes 30 and 32 are adapted to be coupled to anti-phase clock signals 0 and 0 respectively, while the electrode 34 is adapted to be connected to a control signal 0 It is the purpose of the gate electrode 34 and the SiO layer 28 to act as a switch for gating minority carriers or the absence thereof from the last potential well formed at the innerface 38 under the last shift register transfer electrode 32 to the collecting diode 18 which occurs when the signal 0 applied to the electrode 34 goes negative.
Referring now to FIG. 3 which discloses the additional readout circuitry employed, the reset switch 20 shown in FIG. 1 comprises an N channel MOS field effect transistor (FET) device fabricated on the same monolithic semiconductor structure shown in FIG. 2, while the electrometer amplifier 22 comprises a complementary P channel MOS field efiect transistor device. A cross-section of the circuitry shown in FIG. 3 fabricated in an integrated circuit structure is shown in detail in FIG. 4. Referring now to FIG. 4, the N type semiconductor substrate 26 shown in FIG. 2, includes in addition to the P+ difiusion region 40, for forming the collecting diode 18, an N+ diffusion region 42 which acts as an isolation region. The P channel MOS- FET electrometer amplifier 22 is fabricated between the collecting diode 18 and the N channel MOSFET reset switch 20 such that the P+ diffusion regions 44 and 46 define the source and drain respectively of the P channel FET while the gate-electrode comprises a contact electrode 48 deposited on the oxide layer 28 overlapping the source and drain diffusions 44 and 46. The N channel MOSFET switch comprises N+ diffusion regions 50 and 52 which define the source and drain of an FET within a P type diffusion region 54. The gate electrode of the N channel MOSFET reset switch 20 comprises the contact electrode 56 deposited on the oxide layer 28 and overlapping'the source and drain diffusions 50 and 52 with a metallization element 58 formed through a second oxide layer 29. The control signal 0,; is adapted to be coupled to the gate of the MOSFET reset switch 20 through the metallization 58. A metallization 60 is coupled to the source diffusion region 50 through the oxide layers 28 and 29 and is adapted to have a reference reset potential V applied thereto. A common connection between the P+ diffusion region 40 of the collecting diode 18, the drain diffusion region 52 of the N channel MOSFET switch 20 and the gate electrode formed by the contact electrode 48 of the P channel MOSFET amplifier 22 is provided by the bridge type metallization 62. Ohmic contact of P channel amplifier 22 is obtained by means of a deposited metallization to obtain the output and V terminals respectively.
Referring now to the schematic representation of the subject invention as shown in FIG. 5, the collecting diode 18 is shown having its cathode coupled to ground (substrate 26 at ground potential) while the anode has a common connection between the drain of the N channel MOSFET reset switch 20 and the gate of the P channel MOSFET amplifier 22. This common connection (metallization 62 shown in FIG. 4) forms a circuit node 64 having a distributed capacitance C to ground. A distributed capacitance C also exists be tween the gate electrode 34 of the output MUX switch 16 and circuit node 64. Additionally, a distributed capacitance C F also exists between the gate electrode of the MOSFET reset switch 20 and the circuit node 64.
. These capacitances affect the operation of the circuit as will be subsequently shown. As already disclosed, a control signal 0 is applied to the switch electrode 34 and a reset control signal 0,; is applied to the gate of the reset switch 20. The reset reference voltage V,; is applied to the source of the reset switch 20 while a slightly greater bias voltage (V, +V where V is equal to an emitter to base diode forward drop is applied to the substrate of the MOSFET reset switch 20.. This substrate corresponds to the P diffusion region 54 shown in FIG. 4. The substrate of the N channel MOSFET reset switch 20 is biased slightly more negative than the source in order to avoid forward biasing the drain to substrate junction when the reset switch is turned off. For example, where V 6v and V =0.7 v, if the voltage of 0,; varies between 0 and 6.0v, when the reset switch 20 is turned off, i.e., when 0 -6.0v, the effect of, the capacitance C and C acting as a voltage divider causes a voltage corresponding to -6.0 [C (C C-)] 0.2v to appear at the circuit node 64 where typical value of C and C are in the order of 0.035 picofarads and 1.0 picofarads. Thus the circuit node voltage would go to 6.2 v i.e. V,, (-0.2v.) However with the increased bias, i.e., 6.7v., applied to the substrate of the reset switch 20, the drain can never be come more negative than the substrate. Thus when the reset switch is turned off, the circuit node 64 is a relatively high time constant voltage point which is provided by the node capacitance C and the off resistance of the reverse bias collecting diode 18 and the drain to substrate junction of thereset switch 20.
With respect to the P channel MOSF ET amplifier 22,
the substrate is grounded since it actually is part of the N type semiconductor substrate 26 shown' in FIG. 4.
The drain electrode is coupled to a negative bias voltage V and the output signal. of the-readout circuit is taken from the source of amplifier 22.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the output of the P channel MOSFET amplifier 22 is coupled to the sample and hold circuitry 24 by means of a preamplifier stage comprisingan operational amplifier 66.. and feedback resistor 68. The source electrode of the P channel MOSFET amplifier 22 is further biased by means of the potentiometer 70 coupled. across asource of positive bias potential +V and a fixed resistor 72 coupled to the slider element of the potentiometer 70. The sample and hold circuit 24 includes a first or clamp capacitor 74 having one side coupled to the node capacitance C through the output of the operational amplifier 66 while the other side is coupled to electrically controlled switch device 76 which may be, for example, a MOS switch. The switch 76 couples to a negative reference voltage V provided by a potentiometer 78 coupled across the voltage -V. The switch device 76 is adapted to be opened and closed in accordance with a synchronized control voltage applied to terminal 80 and depicted in FIG. 6. Circuit junction 82 which comprises the common connection between the capacitor 74 and the switch 76 is coupled to one input of an operational amplifier 84 which has another input connected to the reference voltage V at the potentiometer 78 which also acts .as a clamping voltage orDC restorer voltage for the capacitor 74 and the operational amplifier 84. Additionally, the operational amplifier has a feedback network including resistors 86 and 88 coupled from the output of the operational amplifier to the same input to which the reference voltage V is applied. The output of the operational amplifier 84 is fed to a second electrically operated switch 90 which is opened and closed in response to another synchronized control voltage applied to terminal 92 (FIG. 6) as in the case of the electrically operated switch 76; switch 90, when desirable, may also comprise an MOS switch device. The switch 90 is coupled to a second or sample capacitor 94 which has its opposite side returned to ground. Circuit of the minority carrier charge packet fed into the col-.
lecting diode 18.
The operation of the readout and signal processor circuitry can best be understood in light of the timing signals indicated by the time related waveforms shown in FIG. 6. There are four distinct timing subintervals in I each time clock period T, that is the time within which the two phase clock system steps each charge packet from one transferred electrode to another in the shift register 14 shown in FIG. 1. While each charge packet is being shifted, the last or output bit of the shift register is being read out and processed by the circuitry shown in FiG. 5. The timing diagram shown in FIG. 6 first discloses waveform 106 which corresponds to the control voltage 0 which periodically effects the parallel transfer of all the minority carrier charge packets from the CCD array 10 to the shift register 14 by means of the transfer gates 12. This waveform is a negative going waveform and occurs prior to the beginning of the anti-phase clock voltages 0, and 0 shown by waveforms 108 and 110, respectively. It is to be observed that the second clock voltage 0 is applied -to the last transfer electrode 32 of the shift register (FIG. 2). A charge packet from the next to last bit of the shift register will not be transferred to the last bit until the potential well under the last transfer electrode 32 goes fur-. ther negative which is after one half of a clock period T. During a portion of the first halfof the clock period T a reset control signal 0,; applied to the gate of the N channel MOSFET reset switch 20 goes high, i.e., from volts to Ovolts as shown by waveform 1 12. When the waveform 112 goes to 0 volts, the N channel MOS- FET reset switch 20 is turned on" and the node voltage V which appears across node capacitance C goes to the reference voltage V,, after an initial transient AV CAV V-,-)/(C C where V 6.0v and V 2.0v, the device threshold voltage. After the switching transient R Q l0 nanoseconds the circuit node voltage is equal to V which charges the nodecapacitance C In charging the node capacitance C the voltage -V has an uncertainty expressed by the Nyquist voltage (VET (kT/Cfl)" wherein k is equal to Boltzmans constant, T isthe temperature, and C is the node capacitance.
The reset signal 0,; is nextv removed by making O again go to 6.0 volts. Since the collecting diode 18 is reverse biased, and MOSFET switch 20 is now off, the discharge time constant of the node capacitance CN becomes extremely long (in order of 10 seconds with respect to the clock period T (typically.
less than 100 microseconds). Thus the node capacitance CN will maintain the charge corresponding to the refer ence voltage --V i(V,. This defines the first subinterval called the res et time. Follow ing this, the second subinterval comprises the application of a low going control voltage shown 76 by waveform 116 to the electrically controlled switch 76' in the sample and hold circuit 24 which closes. Capacitor 74 is thus connected across the node saaaqitans t 399 .s a the. .yslesathfire across while'being clamped'to'the voltage V@. The
6 isEpplied to the switch electrode 34 (FIG,
2) whereupon the minority carrier packet in the potential well under the last bit transfer electrode 32 is transferred to the reversed biased collectingdiode 18. The collection of minority carriers causes the voltage across the node capacitor C to change by a voltage AVM [CM/ (CM N) :IVM
where VM is the voltage amplitude of the MUX signal M shown in FIG. 6. The voltage on the circuit node 64 during this subinterval is VS vR AV AVM i (VJ) 1/2 as shown in FIG. 6, where V is the signal voltage. Assuming that the CCD array is an imaging array and the instant charge packet corresponds to a dark level, the voltage at V will decrease as shown by waveform 114 whereas if the bright signal appears,
the voltage V will tend to go more positive. The .control signal 0M is then removed ending the third subinterval defined as the minority carrier signal input time. When the MUX signal 0 goes from V,,, to 0 as shown in FIG. 6, a charge is removed from circuit node 64 corresponding to +AV Thus the switching transient charge is removed from the signal processing which increases the dynamic range of the processor. During the read minority carrier signal subinterval the voltage level of the where vS Qs/ N is the signal input determined by the signal charge Q8. After the MUX switch 16 is turned off, the output voltage across capacitor 74 consists of a time correlated difference signal between.
the input signal plus the reset level and the reset level due to the fact that the switch 76 is now in the 9?! .St= 2 h9.Q9t 9 l ..miaqt txserrier :mcrease dynamic range and provide uniformity across the array. The video signal is clamped to a reference voltage -V which is analogous to DC restoration in a sle Weber.
signal" subinterval occurs after the MIS switch 16 is turned off and a negative or low going control signal is applied to the second switch by means of a signal corresponding to the waveform shown in FIG. 6 being applied to terminal 92 whereupon the switch 90 closes. Since there is negligible leakage of the reset level at circuit node 64 due to the extremely long dis- Tcharge time constant R FC provided by node capacitance C and the off resistance provided by the non conducting drain to substrate junction of MOSFET 20 and reversed biased collecting diode 18, closure of switch 92'results in a sampled voltage appearing across capacitor 94 which is a measure of the time difference between the signal plus the reset llevel minus the reset level, i.e., V V VR AV V, (V V -AV 1- (V V What is significant about the operation thus described, is that the sampled noise, i.e., the Nyquist voltage uncertainty at the read reset" time is the :same as sampled at the read minority carrier signal" T bus h noise. s sa slto bssarrelatesl With this method of signal processing several important advantages are derived which is particularly important for low light level detection in an imaging array. First of all, switching transients are removed since the feedthrough voltage is sampled and held during the read reset subinterval when the reset switch 20 is turned off. Likewise, the stored feedthrough charge transient from the on-going switch 16 is pulled-out when the switch is turned off. Secondly, the sampling and holding process moves the Nyquist noise component since the charge packet signal voltage from the shift register is multiplexed onto a known reset level, that is the previously sampled and held reset level V,; AV i (V,,) the noise voltage contribution from the reset switch is removed in the time difierence opera tion. In other words, a time correlation method of removing the Nyquist noise has been provided. The subject invention also provides dark level subtraction to The 'tnais signal fiiboi his" share, im ortant feature in that it can reduce the IU noise component in the signal, collection diode, reset switch and electrometer amplifier. in order to understand this, a sim- .ple analysis can be performed to show that the processor transfer function can be written as:
inn H (Sin wl,,)/2/(l w R C where m= 21rf, ;where H is adjustable gain, T is the time difference between read operations as shown in FIG. 6 and RC the time constant of the preamplifier 66 shown in FIG. 5. If l/f noise is present, then the above transfer function will depress the noise power spectra at low frequencies while allowing the signal to pass unattenuated and amplified. FIG. 7 illustrates this concept wherein curve 122 depicts the l/w noise power spectra at the 9 then the signal level itself including the white noise is measured. A subtraction of the two is then provided which removes the noise in a time-correlation process within the same clock period.
Having thus disclosed what is at present considered to be the preferred embodiment of the subject invention:
We claim: I 1. A circuit for providing coherent readout and signal processing of charge coupled device (CCD) apparatus having a plurality of clocked transfer electrodes, comprising in combination:
a minority carrier detector circuit; a minority carrier switch, including a control electrode coupled to a periodic control signal, located between said detector circuit and a transfer electrode of said CCD apparatus and being operable in response to said control signal during a third predetermined time subinterval of a minority carrier transfer clock period to gate a minority carrier charge packet into said detector circuit; a field effect device of a first semiconductor type, 01)- erable as a reset switch, coupled between a predetermined reference voltage and said detector circuit, and being operable in response to another periodic control signal for being rendered conductive during a first predetermined time subinterval of said clock period; field effect device of a second semiconductor type, operable as an amplifier, having an input electrode coupled to said first type field effect device and said detector circuit at a common circuit junction, said junction providing a node capacitance thereat which is charged to said reference voltage during said first time subinterval; a sample and hold circuit including a first capacitor coupled to an output electrode of said second type field effect device, afirst electrically operated switch device coupled to said first capacitor and being operable in response to still another periodic control signal for closing said switch means during a second predetermined time subinterval of said nal voltage indicative thereof coupled to said first capacitor wherein a voltage subtraction process results, and a second electrically operated switch device operable in response to yet another periodic control signal for controlling said second switch during a fourth and last predetermined time subinterval of said clock period and a second capacitor coupled to said second switch device, said second capacitor sampling the voltage on said first capacitor during said fourth time subinterval and providing a video signal of said minority carrier signal thereacross. 2. The circuitas defined by claim 1 wherein said field effect devices of said first and second type comprise MOS transistors.
3. The circuit as defined by claim 2 wherein said MOS transistor of said first semiconductor type com ill prises an N channel device on said MOS transistor of said second semiconductor type comprises a P channel device.
4. The circuit as defined by claim 1 wherein said minority carrier detector circuit comprises a diode.
5. The circuit as defined by claim 4 wherein said diode comprises an integrated circuit diode including means for being reverse biased.
6. The circuit as defined by claim 4 wherein said field effect devices of said first and second semiconductor type comprise complementary MOS transistors each having a gate, a source, and a drain electrode and wherein said source electrode of the MOS transistor of said first semiconductor type is coupled to said reference voltage, said drain is connected to said diode, and said gate is connected to said another periodic control signal.
7. A circuit as defined by claim 6 wherein said MOS v transistor of said first semiconductor type includes a substrate connected to a second predetermined reference voltage of greater magnitude than said first re- .cited predetermined reference voltage and being of the same polarity as said first recited reference voltage.
8. The circuit as defined by claim 7, wherein said trode is coupled to a bias potential.
9. The method of operating a charge coupled device circuit for providing coherent readout and signal processing of minority carrier signal packets, comprising the sequential steps of:
turning on a semiconductor reset switch and applying a reference voltage V across a circuit node capacitance having a common connection with' a minority carrier detection circuit, said voltage V having an uncertainty expressed by the Nyquistnoise voltage (kT/C when applied across said circuit node capacitance;
turning off said reset switch; reading and holding said reference voltage appearing across said node capacitance by coupling a capacitor across said node capacitance; I r uncoupling one side of said capacitor from one side of said node capacitance while remaining coupled to said detection circuit; coupling a minority carrier signal packet into said detection circuit wherein said minority carriers change the charge state of said node capacitance and said capacitor; and reading the voltage across said capacitor; and sampling the voltage across said capacitor which; comprises the difference between said reference, voltage and the signal plus said reference voltage thereby removing said Nyquist voltage and switching transients from the signal output to improved dynamic range and provide 1/ f noise filtering of the circuit. I 10. The method of claim 9 wherein said step of coupling a capacitor across said node capacitance additionally includes clamping the voltage across said capacitor to a second reference voltage V
|Citing Patent
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|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
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|Feb 28, 1979
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|Programmable zero-bias floating gate tapping method and apparatus
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|Feb 15, 2000
|National Semiconductor Corporation
|Analog signal sampler for imaging systems
|Feb 13, 1998
|Feb 29, 2000
|National Semiconductor Corporation
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|Oct 16, 2001
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|Isetex, Inc.
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|Jan 21, 1997
|Mar 25, 2003
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Photoelectric conversion apparatus having reset noise holding and removing units
|Mar 18, 1998
|Jun 8, 2004
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|Jul 17, 2003
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|Method and circuit employing current sensing to read a sensor
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|Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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- Fridley - Palms Theatre
Muscatine, IA
- Fridley - Plaza 4 Theatres
Muscatine, IA
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The Fridley - Palms Theatre in Muscatine, Iowa will open on March 14, 2013, according to an article in the Muscatine Journal:
R.L. Fridley Theatres of Des Moines has decided to open The Palms, its new 10-plex at the corner of Mulberry Avenue and the Douglas King Memorial Expressway, beginning with matinee showings on Thursday, March 14.
The Palms was to have opened Friday.
"We met last week with the general contractor and the subcontractors, did a walk-through and agreed we could be open March 8," said Russ Vannorsdel, Fridley Theatres' director of operations. "But if we had any problems at all in anybody's schedule, it would have compromised the opening date.
"We wanted to make sure the staff and the facility are ready to open the way we wanted to. We decided to do it right."
Click the Read link below for the full article. The new theater will have auditoriums that seat as few as 75 people up to almost 300 in the XL auditorium, which will feature a 53-foot wide screen and a Dolby Atmos sound system. 2D and 3D presentations courtesy of Digital Cinema Projection systems are in each auditorium, and one of the 10 auditoriums will be reserved for adults 21 and over so that wine, beer, and mixed drinks can be served from a portable bar (giving them the ability to make any one of the 10 auditoriums a 21-and-over theater).
It was especially nice to see that curtains will be covering the screens, and the company's policy is to start the movie right away, with no pre-show advertising. This committment to showmanship is to be commended, and the residents of Muscatine are fortunate to have this new theater opening in their community.
In a previous article in the same publication, it was mentioned that the nearby Fridley - Plaza 4 Theatres will close when the new theater opens. All of the employees from that location will transfer to the Palms Theatre.
Fridley Theatres currently owns/operates 26 locations in Iowa and Nebraska.
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text:
Politics are for the following:
1) Super rich celebrties who have run out of things to do with their money so they get involved politically (typically they know nothing about politics anyway- its just for fun)
2) Super rich folks who need a new hobby and feel the need to be quoted in some rag.
3) Then the rest- 9 to 5 lifers (no offense- but this section makes up about 90% of america) who work for a living and basically are at the mercy of a government who rape them as much as humanly possible. I find it sad that people in this category waste so much time on politics and actually believe that be it a democrat or republican, that their lives are going to change one bit for the better.
4) Oh wait- I forgot. The last group of folks. Folks like me. Self employed business owners who pay for everything with PRETAX dollars and once every 4 years in mid January give our tax attorneys a call and say "ok so and so is in office, lets make a plan for the next 4 years." See the majority of folks like me dont care who is office, and dont vote anyway, because we would rather spend time doing something more productive than living under some false impression that the govt is run by one man.
No offense to anyones' personal political views, but you people need to spend more time with your family and less time believing that what you think can change the world. Either that, or get self emmployed, and let the govt start picking up the tab for what are now considered after tax "ordinary expenses" in your life. You would see the world so differently and would start to care less about what pathetic political party is in office.
Politics makes for boring TV...nothing more.
Grow up already folks.
Either quit your jobs and get self employed, or keep wasting your time dicussing things that mean absolutely nothing.
Trust me, George Bush and John Kerry have no idea who you are, nor do they give a crap about you.
If you people believe they do, then you are all more white trash than I thought.
And this relates to discussion of General Dynamics' stock how?
It would appear that, in reality, the subject was the objective.
So you're LOL and I'm LOL. Maybe you are even ROFLYAO in which case you can LOL around AND pick up dust bunnies at the same time. Enjoy!
"If you earn a before tax gross salary of lets say 50K a year, the govt's gets its share FIRST not second and not last.
Then you get your money taken out for health insurance.
Go ask anyone in your payroll dept."
Wrong...money for health insurance is deducted before you are taxed. First of all the employer is paying it with employee earnings because he is diverting that money from the employee as benefits. Haven't you ever heard the term salary with benefits is $XXXXX. If my company pays you $50,000 and also provides you benefits that cost me $16,000 to provide you your salary is really $66,000. The first $16,000 is not taxed because they are not shown as income. Same as you writing your insurance cost off your taxes. No different. And I hate to break it to you but health insurance premiums paid by employees are not taxed either, other wise you can deduct them on your personal taxes.
Angry you say? Nah...I'm having fun with this. Aren't you? (O most omniscient and holy oracle). Please to continue dispensing reams of wisdom and Cassandric[?] vision of our crumbling society, I beseech you: save us grasshoppers from impending doom! We eagerly await your next pontification.
I can assure you - two Messiahs. One is a pretender though.
Ramie stops posting and archman starts. Is this a case of one smarmy alter ego replacing another, or are there now two messiahs sent to lead us into the promised land?
Man , am I glad I put him on ignore. I looked at the message list and saw all his posts. I read half of his first one. Your gone!
>>My self inflating delusion of grandure is what keeps me ahead of everyone else..like it or not.<<
Any good psycho therapist will tell you the first step in recovery is the abilty to admit and accept the fact you are delusional. You are on your way!
>>By the way, you never did answer me when i asked if you:<<
You didn't ask because you assumed I didn't and went on rambeling. (go back and check, you said; "If your like most folks (since ill assume your going to lie and say you do anyway) lets just say nil to none."
That very statement is the essence of cynicism but for some reason you don't get it.
Anyway I'm involved as much as I want to be, my local city council as well as county board know me well. But if all a person does is vote they have a right to air a grievence or voice a concern. Since you proudly don't vote you voice doesn't count.
Thank you for patronizing us. And thanks for reminding me of my grudge against self-employed workers who can write off their wife's manicure as a business expense. If I had a dime for every time one of my self-employed acquaintances bragged about writing off a questionable expense, I'd be rich indeed.
Statistically, though, you are correct. My moniker is taken from one of my favorite books, "The Millionaire Next Door". It stresses that most millionaires are business owners. It stresses even more that they are frugal. Another one of my favorite books is, "How to Win Friends and Influence People". You obviously haven't read that one.


text:
Rejecting Democratic overtures to work out a plan for amendments, Senate Republicans blocked sprawling, bipartisan tax legislation Thursday, heightening the chances that Congress won't work the issue out until the lame-duck session after the November elections.
Republican senators voted against moving forward despite general support for the underlying legislation. At issue, once again, was whether Majority Leader Harry Reid would allow senators to offer amendments.
Reid offered to have Finance Committee Chairman Ron Wyden and ranking member Orrin Hatch work out a plan for amendments if the Senate mustered the 60 votes needed to end debate on the bill, but nearly all Republicans refused to go along. The cloture motion failed, 53-40.
Reid and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell traded pointed speeches before the vote, with each blaming the other for holding up the legislation.
"This is completely out of control," McConnell said, as many Republicans stood and watched his speech from near the dais. "It's a gag order on the American people we represent."
Reid called McConnell the "guardian of gridlock" in a short speech objecting to McConnell's request for amendments.
The setback for the bill, which the Finance Committee approved on a voice vote last month, likely means the tax extenders won't be taken up again until after the election. Reid voted no for procedural reasons so that he could bring the legislation up again.
Sen. Mark Kirk of Illinois was the only Republican to vote with Democrats on the motion. Kirk voted for cloture because he was a cosponsor in the Senate of the Hire More Heroes Act — the House legislation being used as a legislative vehicle in this case, his office said in a statement.
Hatch sounded pessimistic when asked before the vote if a defeat would give Reid any incentive to bring the bill to the floor again. "Well, maybe he won't bring it up before the election," Hatch said. "Then we'll have to do it after the election."
Meanwhile, the House is pursuing a piece-by-piece approach, having passed one tax extender before this week's recess.
The drama on Thursday afternoon followed a similar impasse this week on an energy-efficiency bill. The Senate failed to advance that measure because Republicans were angry about not being able to offer amendments.
Democrats seem just as frustrated as Republicans about the gridlock. "Once again Republicans can't take yes for an answer," Reid said.
What We're Following See More »
"After hours of private talks," Debbie Wasserman Schultz agreed to step down as chair of the Democratic National Committee after the convention ends. In the wake of the convention intrigue, Hillary Clinton announced she's making Wasserman Schultz "the honorary chair of her campaign's 50-state program."
Democratic National Committee Chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz "will not have a major speaking role or preside over daily convention proceedings this week," and is under increasing pressure to resign. The DNC Rules Committee on Saturday named Ohio Democratic Rep. Marcia Fudge as "permanent chair of the convention." At issue: internal DNC emails leaked by Wikileaks that show how "the DNC favored Clinton during the primary and tried to take down Bernie Sanders by questioning his religion."
- A Rasmussen Reports poll shows Donald Trump ahead of Hillary Clinton, 43%-42%, the fourth week in a row he's led the poll (one of the few poll in which he's led consistently of late).
- A Reuters/Ipsos survey shows Clinton leading 40%-36%. In a four-way race, she maintains her four-point lead, 39%-35%, with Gary Johnson and Jill Stein pulling 7% and 3%, respectively.
- And the LA Times/USC daily tracking poll shows a dead heat, with Trump ahead by about half a percentage point.
In an election between two candidates around 70 years of age, millennials strongly prefer one over the other. Hillary Clinton has a 47%-30% edge among votes 18 to 29. She also leads 46%-36% among voters aged 30 to 44.


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Very sweet traditional Swiss style hotel. The staff were very welcoming and the continental breakfast was very good. The hotel is within walking distance of the most beautiful blue lake and an easy bus ride to Kandersteg for hiking.
Evry thing
very friendly staff with excellent service. Rooms had outstanding views of lake Thun. Highly recommend this place to anyone planning to spend time at Interlaken region. The rail station is also close by and well connected!
View of the lake was excellent abeit noisy as it is situated on a main road and rail line
Decor was original 70's and a bit worn. Interior walls had cracks and needed a coat of paint
EXcellent location right on lake. A short drive to major centres, perfect for getting away from city and still close to everything, but car is needed to get around. Nice large rooms and views over lake.
Very nice hotel with friendly, helpful staff. Great location with beautiful lake view. Enjoyed excellent breakfast on the patio.
I loved the location but others might not. It is up a winding mountain road, and there are only 200 residents in saxteen. I liked it bcuz it was so unique. The owner was very likable.
Loved the quiet location up in the hills. A great place to get away from the business of life. Enjoyed the walks nearby. Would come back again.
The view and location of this hotel were very good, it was as I expected. The restaurant (dinner and breakfast) were excellent! The beds were very comfortable. We would certainly stay there again.
The personnel of the hotel was very sulky! We had a very unpleasant incident at this hotel when upon returning from our daily outing we found our room open with the lights on and the door ajar! To our astonishment when we reported the incident to the person at the reception they just acted in a "I-dont-know-what-happened" manner and as if it was totally our problem. Apparently the maid didn't close firmly the door before locking it - the latch was out and you couldn't close the door without retracting the latch (unlocking) first. The other major disappointment was that the rooms are not on the lake but on the main inter-village road - very noisy - only the restaurant is on the lake. Every day the same breakfast - no vegetables.
Here's why:
We're not the seller.
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Mortgage Rates Hit Record Low
Mortgage rates are now below 4 percent. The average 30-year fixed-rate loan is at an all-time low. But high unemployment, weak consumer confidence, and tougher standards for getting credit, are keeping many Americans from buying homes.
RENEE MONTAGNE, host: At the top of NPR's business news, a new low for mortgage rates.
MONTAGNE: It's cheaper than ever to finance a home. Mortgage rates have fallen below 4 percent, making the average 30-year, fixed-rate loan the lowest it's ever been. NPR's Wendy Kaufman has more.
WENDY KAUFMAN: The 30-year, fixed-rate now averages just 3.94 percent. Rates have been low or extremely low for the past year. But as Celia Chen - a senior director at Moody's Analytics - notes, those low rates, low housing prices and affordability that's near an all-time high, haven't done much to boost very sluggish home sales.
CELIA CHEN: People don't have jobs, and without job opportunities, households are just not going to feel comfortable about purchasing homes. Income growth is also slow, and that's holding back demand. And then finally, it's still difficult to get a mortgage.
KAUFMAN: Credit standards are much tougher than they used to be. One more factor: Many would-be buyers may be fearing that home prices may go lower still. The 15-year, fixed-rate loan - a popular choice for homeowners wishing to refinance - also fell to a record low, 3.26 percent, though that figure doesn't include refinancing costs. Wendy Kaufman, NPR News.
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Northrop Grumman Lobbying: God Now Deeply Involved, Apparently
Jason Linkins | January 5, 2010 5:39 PM ET
If you're wondering why God hasn't yet saved the Constitution -- or bathed Tiger Woods in the redemptive light of religious ecstasy that he needs to be forgiven for his transgressions and thought of as a great American role model, instead of a needy cad who had sex with every woman he encountered -- maybe it's because God has gotten himself totally bogged down in small-bore defense contract lobbying!
That's the news from the Mobile, Alabama Press-Register, anyway, which finds God's emissaries engaged in intervening on the Lord's behalf over a contract for Northrop-Grumman.
Velma Jackson asked the council to start a weekly prayer meeting at noon Wednesdays in the atrium of Government Plaza.
"If you do this," she said, "you will be awarded the tanker contract you so diligently seek."
If Northrop Grumman and EADS win a U.S. Air Force refueling tanker contract, the planes would be assembled in Mobile, creating 1,500 local jobs.
But the tasty carrot was balanced with a sharp stick. If the city doesn't host the prayer meetings, Jackson said, "the water in the rivers will come up and flood the city."
"This is the word of the Lord," she said.
So there you have it. God is a lobbyist, now. Somebody tell Andy Partridge.
[Would you like to follow me on Twitter? Because why not? Also, please send tips to firstname.lastname@example.com -- learn more about our media monitoring project here.]


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Ivanka Trump & Baby Bump Out in NYC
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| June 23, 2011 - 1:52 pm
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Anyone know any details about this, such as the acres of the leasehold, royalty interest, etc? Thanks.
The following should be verified. Production royalties are in the Salt Creek and Hat Creek Units in Wyoming. Anardarko reworked the field before Anardarko was bought out as we understand waterfloods and presurization. There are 606,434 parnership units issues and outstanding. Pays distributions quaterly. The following information in the Pink Sheets is INCORRECT Contact Info 5701 Lindero Canyon Road Suite 2-100 Westlake Village, CA 91362 Phone: 818-735-xxxx Do not know why this information has not been corrected. CWPS office is located:Conwest Associates 141 South Center Street, Suite 500 Casper Wyoming 82601 307 315 0359 email@example.com have rquested information - recent annual reports from Conwest via phone message and emails - but have not received them to date.
Just notice your request. All of the following information should be varified. Conwest Associates LP - Casper Wyoming - CWPS trades in the Pink Sheets. The entity is a publically traded partnership holding royalty interest in the Salt Creek and Grass creek fields as I recall. The company provides an annual report and K-1 information to unit holders. Company contact information per annual report ph 307-315-0359 firstname.lastname@example.com
I have been trying to figure out what the deal is as well. I can't even find the state that this thing operates in. What info do you have?


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Decorating With Candles
Ideas for decorating with candles.
Candle Types
A description of common candle types. Has links to further
information on most types.
Candles FAQs
All frequent asked questions about candles.
Balloon - Candles
formed by dipping a water filled balloon in hot wax.
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SA lawmaker angry over Texas State chancellor snub
SAN ANTONIO (AP) - A San Antonio lawmaker is angry that the Texas State University System didn't pick him for the job of chancellor.
Republican state Sen. Jeff Wentworth fired off a letter this week saying Texas State regents wrongly snubbed him in favor of a "Johnny-come-lately opportunist" in choosing former state Rep. Brian McCall.
McCall was named chancellor in April. Wentworth stewed for about six weeks before sending his letter to regents Chairman Ron Blatchley on Monday.
Wentworth wrote that he was "personally offended" that his support for higher education at the Capitol apparently counted for so little.
He told the San Antonio Express-News that he had no regrets about the letter.


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