text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 6, 2005
|Filing date
|Feb 5, 2004
|Priority date
|Feb 5, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Feng-Lung Gordon Hsu, Yun Peng Zhu, John David Hines, Ronald Frederick Vogel
|Original Assignee
|Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (27), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (14), Classifications (26), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to laundry detergent gel with suspended particles.
For a variety of reasons, it is often greatly desirable to suspend particles in detergent compositions. For example, because there are certain components (e.g., bleaches, enzymes, perfumes) which readily degrade in the hostile environment of surfactant containing heavy duty liquids, these components can be protected in capsule particles (such as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,281,355 and 5,281,356 to Tsaur et al., hereby incorporated by reference into the subject application) and the capsule particles may be suspended in the liquid detergents. Other particles which may be suspended include enzymes (whether or not encapsulated) and desirable ingredients (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone, aminosilicones, soil release agents, antiredepositon agents, antiwrinkle agents, etc.)
Liquid compositions with suspended particles have been described. See for instance U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,576 to Montague et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,749,512 to Broze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,939 to Lewis; U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,790 to Thoen; GB 1,303,810 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,362,156 to Hsu et al. Some of the problems with the previously described compositions are that they hard to pour (too thick), and/or use expensive, non-functional ingredients (e.g., xanthan gum).
Thickened or gel laundry products are preferred by many consumers, over either powder or liquid detergents. Gels provide the advantages of liquid detergents, but also can be used for pretreatment of fabrics, obviating the necessity for purchase of a separate pre-treatment product.
Gel detergents have been described. See, for instance, WO 99/06519 and WO 99/27065, Klier et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,662), GB 2 355 015, Lance-Gomez et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,695), Hawkins (U.S. Pat. No. 5,952,285), Akred et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,704), Farr et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,469).
Typically, the gelling and/or thickening is accomplished by one or more of the same approaches as used in suspending particles, i.e.: high solids concentration, high surfactant concentration, high soap concentration, use of special thickening agents (such as polymers or gums). Such approaches are problematic: special thickening actives and/or high active concentrations are not cost-effective, high solids may impede product appearance and functionality.
The need remains for improved gel detergent compositions which have desirable properties for use and dosing, yet are able to stably suspend relatively large particles, and it is especially desirable to achieve these goals through the use of agents that deliver laundry cleaning performance benefits (e.g., fatty acids).
Although fatty acids have been mentioned, they are mentioned as surfactants (i.e. neutralized to soaps), or, in any event, used in fully neutralized form and exemplified in fully neutralized compositions. Thus, although prior disclosures may mention "fatty acids," it is specifically non-neutralized fatty acids and their amount vis-�-vis the total surfactant that are employed in the present invention, in order to obtain gels with the desired properties, that can also suspend relatively large particles.
The present invention includes a gel laundry detergent and/or pre-treater composition comprising:
The preferred inventive compositions are gels with the Yield Stress in the range from 0.01 Pa to 10 kPa, in order to suspend the particles, yet to maintain the desired Pouring Viscosity.
Surprisingly, it has been discovered, as part of the present invention, that by employing non-neutralized fatty acid as a gelling agent in a specific ratio to total surfactant, a shear-thinning, lamellar gel can be attained, with the desired pouring viscosity (e.g., not too thick to pour) and which are also able to suspend particles (have the desired yield stress).
Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amounts of material or conditions of reaction, physical properties of materials and/or use are to be understood as modified by the word "about." All amounts are by weight of the gel detergent composition, unless otherwise specified.
It should be noted that in specifying any range of concentration, any particular upper concentration can be associated with any particular lower concentration.
For the avoidance of doubt the word "comprising" is intended to mean "including" but not necessarily "consisting of" or "composed of." In other words, the listed steps or options need not be exhaustive.
"Gel" as used herein means a shear thinning, lamellar gel, with a pouring viscosity in the range of from 100 to 5,000 mPas (milli Pascal seconds), more preferably less than 3,000 mPas, most preferably less than 1,500 mPas. The concept of "gel" in the art is frequently not well defined. The most common, loose definition, however, is that a gel is a thick liquid. Nevertheless, a thick liquid may be a Newtonian fluid, which does not change its viscosity with the change in flow condition, such as honey or syrup. This type of thick liquid is very difficult and messy to dispense. A different type of liquid gel is shear-thinning, i.e. it is thick at low shear condition (e.g., at rest) and thin at high flow rate condition. The rheology of shear-thinning gel may be characterized by Sisko model:
Where η is Viscosity, mPA s,
As used herein, "Shear-thining" means a gel with the Sisco rate index less than 0.6.
Shear-thinning Theological property can be measured by a viscometer or a sophisticated rheometer. Select a spindle for the measurement. Generally, cylindrical spindle needs more sample, less sample is needed for both disc or cone shape spindle. The selection of spindle also depends on the type of instrument. It involves the procedure of steady state flow (SSF). The first step is conditioning step to condition the sample by pre-shearing the sample at a set temperature, say at 25� C. The time requirement depends on the type of sample. In general, it takes from 30 seconds to an hour. The second step is the steady state flow step. It involves adjusting either shear stress (for control stress rheometer only) or shear rate for collecting reliable data. In some cases, as much as 5 minutes must be allowed for the reading to reach apparent equilibrium. Usually, one can just wait until the reading appears relatively constant for a reasonable time. To determine the flow behavior, the maximum shear rate and the ramp time can be arbitarily chosen for the test program. During the test, up to 1000 data points are gathered and the viscosity, shear stress, shear rate, temperature and test time of a point are stored. The plot of viscosity vs. shear rate will reveal whether the sample is shear thinning or not. A mathematical model, such as Sisko model, may be fitted to the data points.
As used herein, "pouring viscosity" means viscosity measured at a shear rate of 21 s−1, which can be measured using the procedure described immediately above, or it can be read off the plot of viscosity vs. shear rate.
The Yield Stress, τy, of a gel determines its particle suspending capability. The direct measurement of yield stress may be carried out by the Vane method as described by Dzuy, N. Q. and Boger, D. V. in Journal of Rheology, 1985. A four-bladed vane used in the measurement immersed in a sample is rotated slowly at a constant rate to detect the yielding moment when the torque exerted on the vane shaft reaches a maximum value. The presence of such a maximum in the torque response is a characteristic of yield stress materials, which can be explained by the concept of structural deformation and breaking of bonds in flocculated systems. The yield stress can then be derived from the maximum torque and the geometry of the vane.
On the other hand, if the Yield Stress is too high, then the fluid may not flow until additional force is exerted. In general, the Yield Stress for the inventive gels is less than 10 KPa, preferably less than 5 kPa and most preferably less than 1 kPa.
As used herein, "lamellar" means that liquid crystals within the gel have lipid layers (sheets). Lamellar structures can be detected by polarized light microscope. Furthermore, majority of these lamellar sheets remain in a sheet form and only a very limited portion, say less than 10% of lamellar phase, is rolled up to form onion structure—like of vesicles. As used herein, "lamellar gels" means gels that have lamellar phase structure, alone, in intermixed with isotropic phase (known as L1).
"Transparent" as used herein includes both transparent and translucent and means that a physical object (e.g., a hand or a piece of paper) is visible when viewed (without the help of any instruments or tools other than eyeglasses and under normal daylight conditions) through a 1-cm cuvette filled with the inventive composition.
"Particle" as used herein means non-soluble or low solubility ingredients or various capsules or insoluble liquid droplets. Preferably, the shape of particles is spherical or at least it is isometric. But other shapes are also acceptable, especially for extruded particles with special design shape, such as alphabets, star or animal shapes. The size of particles is about 300 to 5000 μm, preferably from 500 to 2500 μm and most preferably from 700 to 2000 μm.
Particle Size Analysis
Particle size analysis for solid particles may be performed using U.S. Standard Size designated test sieves Number 4 through Number 400. This corresponds to particle size diameters of 4705 micron (Number 4) through 38 micron (Number 400). W. S. Tyler Ro-Tap—was used for sieve size analysis. The weights of particles left in each sieve were measured and used for the calculation of the mean particle size distribution. Liqht scattering particle size measurement is suitable for liquid particles or droplets measurement. Malvern Mastersizer E may be used for either solid particles or liquid particle measurement.
Detergent Surfactant
The compositions of the invention contain one or more surface active agents selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants or mixtures thereof. The preferred surfactant detergents for use in the present invention are mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants although it is to be understood that anionic surfactant may be used alone or in combination with any other surfactant or surfactants. Detergent surfactants are typically oil-in-water emulsifiers having an HLB above 8, typically 12 and above. Detergent surfactants are included in the present invention for both the detergency and to create an emulsion with a continuous aqueous phase.
Anionic Surfactant Detergents
Anionic surface active agents which may be used in the present invention are those surface active compounds which contain a long chain hydrocarbon hydrophobic group in their molecular structure and a hydrophilic group, i.e. water solubilizing group such as carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate group or their corresponding acid form. The anionic surface active agents include the alkali metal (e.g. sodium and potassium) water soluble higher alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and the alkyl poly ether sulfates.
Anionic surfactants may, and preferably do, also include fatty acid soaps—i.e., fully neutralized fatty acids.
One of the preferred groups of anionic surface active agents are the alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine salts of higher alkyl aryl sulfonates and alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine salts of higher alkyl sulfates. Preferred higher alkyl sulfates are those in which the alkyl groups contain 8 to 26 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms and more preferably 14 to 18 carbon atoms. The alkyl group in the alkyl aryl sulfonate preferably contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms. A particularly preferred alkyl aryl sulfonate is the sodium, potassium or ethanolamine C10 to C16 benzene sulfonate, e.g. sodium linear dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The primary and secondary alkyl sulfates can be made by reacting long chain alpha-olefins with sulfites or bisulfites, e.g. sodium bisulfite. The alkyl sulfonates can also be made by reacting long chain normal paraffin hydrocarbons with sulfur dioxide and oxygen as describe in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,503,280, 2,507,088, 3,372,188 and 3,260,741 to obtain normal or secondary higher alkyl sulfates suitable for use as surfactant detergents.
The alkyl substituent is preferably linear, i.e. normal alkyl, however, branched chain alkyl sulfonates can be employed, although they are not as good with respect to biodegradability. The alkane, i.e. alkyl, substituent may be terminally sulfonated or may be joined, for example, to the 2-carbon atom of the chain, i.e. may be a secondary sulfonate. It is understood in the art that the substituent may be joined to any carbon on the alkyl chain. The higher alkyl sulfonates can be used as the alkali metal salts, such as sodium and potassium. The preferred salts are the sodium salts. The preferred alkyl sulfonates are the C10 to C18 primary normal alkyl sodium and potassium sulfonates, with the C10 to C15 primary normal alkyl sulfonate salt being more preferred.
Mixtures of higher alkyl benzene sulfonates and higher alkyl sulfates can be used as well as mixtures of higher alkyl benzene sulfonates and higher alkyl polyether sulfates. Also normal alkyl and branched chain alkyl sulfates (e.g., primary alkyl sulfates) may be used as the anionic component.
The higher alkyl polyethoxy sulfates used in accordance with the present invention can be normal or branched chain alkyl and contain lower alkoxy groups which can contain two or three carbon atoms. The normal higher alkyl polyether sulfates are preferred in that they have a higher degree of biodegradability than the branched chain alkyl and the lower poly alkoxy groups are preferably ethoxy groups.
The preferred higher alkyl polyethoxy sulfates used in accordance with the present invention are represented by the formula:
A preferred higher alkyl poly ethoxylated sulfate is the sodium salt of a triethoxy C12 to C15 alcohol sulfate having the formula:
Examples of suitable alkyl ethoxy sulfates that can be used in accordance with the present invention are C12-15 normal or primary alkyl triethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; n-decyl diethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; C12 primary alkyl diethoxy sulfate, ammonium salt; C12 primary alkyl triethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; C15 primary alkyl tetraethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; mixed C14-15 normal primary alkyl mixed tri- and tetraethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; stearyl pentaethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; and mixed C10-18 normal primary alkyl triethoxy sulfate, potassium salt.
The normal alkyl ethoxy sulfates are readily biodegradable and are preferred. The alkyl poly-lower alkoxy sulfates can be used in mixtures with each other and/or in mixtures with the above discussed higher alkyl benzene, sulfonates, or alkyl sulfates.
It should be noted that linear ethoxy sulfates (LES) acid is not stable. Accordingly, when LES is employed, it is pre-neutralized and used as 70% active paste, without hydrotrope, and is diluted during the processing.
The detergent compositions of the present invention are laundry compositions and consequently, preferably include at least 2% of an anionic surfactant, to provide detergency and foaming. Generally, the amount of the anionic surfactant is in the range of from 3% to 35%, preferably from 5% to 30% to accommodate the co-inclusion of nonionic surfactants, more preferably from 6% to 20% and, optimally, from 8% to 18%.
The anionic surfactant may be, and preferably is, produced (neutralized) in situ, to minimize processing cost, by neutralization of the precursor anionic acid (e,g. linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and/or fatty acid) with a base. Suitable bases include, but are not limited to monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, alkaline metal base, and preferably is sodium hydroxide and monoethanalamine mixture, because sodium hydroxide is the most economic base source and monoethanolamine offers better pH control.
Nonionic Surfactant
As is well known, the nonionic surfactants are characterized by the presence of a hydrophobic group and an organic hydrophilic group and are typically produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic or alkyl aromatic hydrophobic compound with ethylene oxide (hydrophilic in nature).
Usually, the nonionic surfactants are polyalkoxylated lipophiles wherein the desired hydrophile-lipophile balance is obtained from addition of a hydrophilic poly-lower alkoxy group to a lipophilic moiety. A preferred class of nonionic detergent is the alkoxylated alkanols wherein the alkanol is of 9 to 20 carbon atoms and wherein the number of moles of alkylene oxide (of 2 or 3 carbon atoms) is from 5 to 20. Of such materials it is preferred to employ those wherein the alkanol is a fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 or 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain from 5 to 8 or 5 to 9 alkoxy groups per mole. Also preferred is paraffin—based alcohol (e.g. nonionics from Huntsman or Sassol).
Exemplary of such compounds are those wherein the alkanol is of 10 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain about 5 to 12 ethylene oxide groups per mole, e.g. Neodol� 25-9 and Neodol� 23-6.5, which products are made by Shell Chemical Company, Inc. The former is a condensation product of a mixture of higher fatty alcohols averaging about 12 to 15 carbon atoms, with about 9 moles of ethylene oxide and the latter is a corresponding mixture wherein the carbon atoms content of the higher fatty alcohol is 12 to 13 and the number of ethylene oxide groups present averages about 6.5. The higher alcohols are primary alkanols.
Another subclass of alkoxylated surfactants which can be used contain a precise alkyl chain length rather than an alkyl chain distribution of the alkoxylated surfactants described above. Typically, these are referred to as narrow range alkoxylates. Examples of these include the Neodol-1� series of surfactants manufactured by Shell Chemical Company.
Other useful nonionics are represented by the commercially well known class of nonionics sold under the trademark Plurafac� by BASF. The Plurafacs� are the reaction products of a higher linear alcohol and a mixture of ethylene and propylene oxides, containing a mixed chain of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, terminated by a hydroxyl group. Examples include C13–C15 fatty alcohol condensed with 6 moles ethylene oxide and 3 moles propylene oxide, C13–C15 fatty alcohol condensed with 7 moles propylene oxide and 4 moles ethylene oxide, C13–C15 fatty alcohol condensed with 5 moles propylene oxide and 10 moles ethylene oxide or mixtures of any of the above.
Another group of liquid nonionics are commercially available from Shell Chemical Company, Inc. under the Dobanol� or Neodol� trademark: Dobanol� 91-5 is an ethoxylated C9–C11 fatty alcohol with an average of 5 moles ethylene oxide and Dobanol� 25-7 is an ethoxylated C12–C15 fatty alcohol with an average of 7 moles ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol.
In the compositions of this invention, preferred nonionic surfactants include the C12–C15 primary fatty alcohols or alyl phenols with relatively narrow contents of ethylene oxide in the range of from about 6 to 11 moles, and the C9 to C11 fatty alcohols ethoxylated with about 5-6 moles ethylene oxide.
Another class of nonionic surfactants which can be used in accordance with this invention are glycoside surfactants.
Generally, nonionics would comprise 0-32% by wt., preferably 5 to 30%, more preferably 5 to 25% by wt. of the composition.
Cationic Surfactants
Many cationic surfactants are known in the art, and almost any cationic surfactant having at least one long chain alkyl group of about 10 to 24 carbon atoms is suitable in the present invention. Such compounds are described in "Cationic Surfactants", Jungermann, 1970, incorporated by reference.
Specific cationic surfactants which can be used as surfactants in the subject invention are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,497,718, hereby incorporated by reference.
As with the nonionic and anionic surfactants, the compositions of the invention may use cationic surfactants alone or in combination with any of the other surfactants known in the art. Of course, the compositions may contain no cationic surfactants at all.
Amphoteric Surfactants
Amphoteric synthetic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one contains an anionic water-soluble group, e.g. carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium 3-(dodecylamino)propionate, sodium 3-(dodecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate, sodium 2-(dodecylamino)ethyl sulfate, sodium 2-(dimethylamino)octadecanoate, disodium 3-(N-carboxymethyldodecylamino)propane 1-sulfonate, disodium octadecyl-imminodiacetate, sodium 1-carboxymethyl-2-undecylimidazole, and sodium N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)2-sulfato-3-dodecoxypropylamine. Sodium 3-(dodecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate is preferred.
Zwitterionic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. The cationic atom in the quaternary compound can be part of a heterocyclic ring. In all of these compounds there is at least one aliphatic group, straight chain or branched, containing from about 3 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent containing an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
Specific examples of zwitterionic surfactants which may be used are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,062,647, hereby incorporated by reference.
The total amount of surfactant used may vary from 8 to 35%, preferably 10 to 30%, more preferably 12 to 25%.
As noted, the preferred surfactant systems of the invention are mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants.
Particularly preferred systems include, for example, mixtures of linear alkyl aryl sulfonates (LAS) and alkoxylated (e.g., ethoxylated) sulfates (LES) with alkoxylated nonionics for example in the ratio of 1:2:1 or 2:1:1.
Preferably, the nonionic should comprise, as a percentage of an anionic/nonionic system, at least 20%, more preferably at least 25%, up to about 75% of the total surfactant system. A particularly preferred surfactant system comprises anionic:nonionic in a ratio of 3:1 to 1:3.
Non-Neutralized Fatty Acid
Non-neutralized fatty acids are employed in the present invention as gelling or structuring agents. Their use is advantageous compared to the use of gums and polymers, since they are able to provide structuring for suspension of particles, combined with other advantages, e.g. pouring ease, while also providing laundry cleaning functional benefits, e.g. non-neutralized fatty acid also can be neutralized by a pH-jump system after the dilution during wash or can be used as a builder.
Conventional (polymeric and other) structuring agents may be included, although preferred compositions are substantially free of such conventional structuring agents, to minimize the cost of compositions and to improve stability, Preferred inventive compositions contain at most 0.5%, preferably less than 0.25%, most preferably less than 0.1, and optimally from 0 to 0.05% of conventional structuring agents.
"Conventional structuring agents" as used herein include but are not limited to cross-linked polyacrylates, polysaccaride gums such as xanthan, gellan, pectin, carrageenan, gelatin, clay, fine silica, and cellulose derivatives.
Any fatty acid is suitable, including but not limited to lauric, myristic, palmitic stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from fatty acid which would not form crispy solid at room temperature. Naturally obtainable fatty acids, which are usually complex mixtures, are also suitable (such as tallow, coconut, and palm kernel fatty acids). The preferred fatty acid is oleic acid because it is liquid at room temperature and its C18—chain helps to induce lamellar phase. Furthermore, it is also a builder and after neutralization, it can offer good detergency.
For the avoidance of doubt, the following pKa values were employed in the present invention to calculate the amount of non-neutralized fatty acid in the compositions:
Table of pKa Value of Fatty acids*
Fatty acid chain length
Measured pKa value
*Cited from Langmuir, Vol 16, pp 172–177, 2000 (J. R. Kanicky, A. F. Poniatowski, N. R. Mehta, and D. O. Shah);
**Proc. R. Soc. London, A133, 140, 1931 (R. A. Peters).
Indsutrial grade Coco acid is a mixture of fatty acids containing C8 acid to C18 fatty acids. Also industrial grade Oleic acid is a mixture of fatty acids having C14 acid to C18 fatty acid. The difference in alkyl chain length in such a mixture of fatty acids can weaken the Van der Waals interaction between fatty acid molecules, and this results in an reduction in pKa value as compared with the pure fatty acid.
The amount of the non-neutralized fatty acid depends on the amount of surfactant employed. Generally, the amount of the structuring agent is in the range of from 0.1% to 5%, preferably from 0.2% to 4%, more preferably from 0.5 to 3%, to obtain optimum gels at minimum cost.
Ratio of Non-Neutralized Fatty Acid to the Surfactant
Weight % ratio of the non-neutralized fatty acid to the total surfactant, A, is less than 1, but greater than or equal to the Gelling Index Value, G, defined by equation (I):
The total surfactant does not include the amount of non-neutralized anionic surfactant precursors, but does include fully neutralized fatty acid soap surfactant.
If the ratio is greater than 1, the surfactant system may not solubilize all non-neutralized fatty acid and phase separation results. If the ratio is less than the Gelling Index Value, G, the gel does not form.
pH of the inventive compositions is generally in the range of from 6 to 8, preferably from 6.2 to 7.8, more preferably from 6.5 to 7.5, most preferably from 6.8 to 7.4.
The inventive compositions generally include water as a solvent and the carrier. Water amount is preferably in the range of from 50 to 90%, more preferably from 55 to 85%, most preferably from 60 to 80%.
Particles and Capsulates
The suitable particles or capsulates are 300 micron to 5000 microns in size, and preferably 500 to 3000 microns, most preferably 700 to 2000 microns in size. When the size is too small, e.g. less than 300 microns, the final product appears to be opaque. On the other hand, the consumers think particles would not be dissolved for size greater than 5000 microns. The density should be in the range of 0.8 to 3 g/cm3, preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.8 g/cm3, and most preferably in the range of 0.95 to 1.20 g/cm3.
The particles and encapsulates may be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic in nature due to its application and the shell materials. There are many capsule suppliers, such as: 3M, Lipo, Kobo, Aveka, and others. Some granules may be also used as a suspending particles.
Technically, it is well known in the art that detergents provide a hostile environment for desirable ingredients such as, for example, bleaches, enzymes and perfumes. Components which are sensitive to the ingredients found in the compositions (e.g., enzymes in detergent compositions, particularly concentrated detergent compositions, are denatured by surfactants in the detergent composition) can be encapsulated and protected until they are ready for release. Some types of encapsulated enzyme capsules are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,281,355 to Tsaur et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,370 to Ratuiste et al. Commercial enzyme granules originally designed for powder detergent, such as Purafect 3100G, can also be used in this application.
Components which are simply more desirably released later in the wash (e.g., perfumes, fabric softening agents or anti-foams) can be encapsulated and controllably released, for example, by dilution of a concentrated liquid.
Other components, such as anti-redeposition agent CP-5 polymer or builder zeolite are not soluble in isotropic heavy duty liquid detergent compositions. These fine, insoluble particles cause the opaqueness of products. To prevent the opaqueness, these fine particle components can be pre-granulated and post dosed as suspended particles.
Liquid components that are immiscible with liquid detergent compositions, such as amino silicone and silicone defoamer can be incorporated as encapsulates. Functional polymers including color protecting polymers, fabric protection polymers and soil release polymers, such as PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), Narlex DC-1 ex National Starch (e.g., polyacrylate copolymer) and that can be salted out due to the high electrolyte concentration in liquid detergent compositions also can be incorporated in an encapsulated form.
In particular, it is desirable to encapsulate one or more enzymes since enzymes are highly efficient laundry washing ingredients used to promote removal of soils and stains during the cleaning process. Furthermore, it is also desirable to encapsulate bleach and enzymes separately to further enhance detergent efficacies.
The inventive compositions can suspend 300 to 5,000 micron particles for at least 2 weeks preferably at least 3 weeks, most preferably at least 5 weeks at room temperature.
Optional Ingredients
A particularly preferred optional ingredient(s) is a pH jump system (e.g., boron compound/polyol), as described in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,089,163 and 4,959,179 to Aronson et al., incorporated by reference herein. The inclusion of the pH jump system ensures that the pH jumps up in the washing machine to neutralize fatty acid, so as to obtain the benefits of neutralized fatty acid and to minimize surfactant amount.
A particularly preferred optional ingredient is an anti-oxidant. It has been found that the use of an anti-oxidant in conjunction with non-neutralized fatty acid, especially un-saturated fatty acid, e.g. Oleic acid, may prevent or substantially minimize the discoloration or yellowing of a gel. Suitable anti-oxidants include but are not limited to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone), propyl gallate, gallic acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Tannic acid, Tinogard, Tocopherol, Trolox, BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), and other known-anti-oxidant compounds. BHT is preferred. Generally, from 0.0% to about 5.0%, preferably from 0.01% to 1%, more preferably from 0.05% to 0.5% may be employed.
Hydrotrope reduces and prevents liquid crystal formation. Generally, it is known that the addition of hydrotrope destroys gels. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that the addition of a low level of hydrotrope aids in the formation of inventive gels, while also improving the clarity/transparency of the composition. Suitable hydrotropes include but are not limited to propylene glycol, glycerine, ethanol, urea, salts of benzene sulphonate, toluene sulphonate, xylene sulphonate or cumene sulphonate. Suitable salts include but are not limited to sodium, potassium, ammonium, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine. Preferably, the hydrotrope is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, glyurine xylene sulfonate, ethanol, and urea to provide optimum performance. The amount of the hydrotrope is generally in the range of from 0 to 6%, preferably from 0.1 to 5%, more preferably from 0.2 to 4%, most preferably from 0.5 to 3%. The most preferred hydrotrope is propylene glycol and/or glycerine because of their ability, at a low level, to improve gel quality without destroying the structure.
The colorant may be a dye or a pigment. Most preferably, a water-soluble dye (to prevent staining on clothes) is employed. The preferred compositions are blue.
Non-neutralized fatty acid, especially unsaturated fatty acid, may also function as a builder.
Additional builders which can be used according to this invention include conventional alkaline detergency builders, inorganic or organic, which should be used at levels from about 0.1% to about 20.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1.0% to about 10.0% by weight, more preferably 2% to 5% by weight.
As electrolyte may be used any water-soluble salt. Electrolyte may also be a detergency builder, such as the inorganic builder sodium tripolyphosphate, or it may be a non-functional electrolyte such as sodium sulphate or chloride. Preferably the inorganic builder comprises all or part of the electrolyte. That is the term electrolyte encompasses both builders and salts. Most preferred electrolyte is borax, because it can be used in a complex form with polyol, which reserves an alkaline source until the composition is diluted. Thus, it neutralizes non-neutralized fatty acid, upon dilution in the washing machine. The level of borax is preferably from 0% to 15%, preferably 0.5 to 10%, more preferably 1 to 8%.
Examples of suitable inorganic alkaline detergency builders which may be used are water-soluble alkalimetal phosphates, polyphosphates, borates, silicates and also carbonates. Specific examples of such salts are sodium and potassium triphosphates, pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, hexametaphosphates, tetraborates, silicates and carbonates.
Examples of suitable organic alkaline detergency builder salts are: (1) water-soluble amino polycarboxylates, e.g., sodium and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetates, nitrilotriacetatesand N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-nitrilodiacetates; (2) water-soluble salts of phytic acid, e.g., sodium and potassium phytates (see U.S. Pat. No. 2,379,942); (3) water-soluble polyphosphonates, including specifically, sodium, potassium and lithium salts of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid; sodium, potassium and lithium salts of methylene diphosphonic acid; sodium, potassium and lithium salts of ethylene diphosphonic acid; and sodium, potassium and lithium salts of ethane-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid. Other examples include the alkali metal salts of ethane-2-carboxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid hydroxymethanediphosphonic acid, carboxyldiphosphonic acid, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid, ethane-2-hydroxy-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid, propane-1,1,3,3-tetraphosphonic acid, propane-1,1,2,3-tetraphosphonic acid, and propane-1,2,2,3-tetraphosphonic acid; (4) water-soluble salts of polycarboxylate polymers and copolymers as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,067.
In addition, polycarboxylate builders can be used satisfactorily, including water-soluble salts of mellitic acid, citric acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, imino disuccinate, salts of polymers of itaconic acid and maleic acid, tartrate monosuccinate, tartrate disuccinate and mixtures thereof.
Sodium citrate is particularly preferred, to optimize the function vs. cost, (e.g. from 0 to 15%, preferably from 1 to 10%).
Certain zeolites or aluminosilicates can be used. One such aluminosilicate which is useful in the compositions of the invention is an amorphous water-insoluble hydrated compound of the formula Nax[(AlO2)y.SiO2], wherein x is a number from 1.0 to 1.2 and y is 1, said amorphous material being further characterized by a Mg++ exchange capacity of from about 50 mg eq. CaCO3/g. and a particle diameter of from about 0.01 micron to about 5 microns. This ion exchange builder is more fully described in British Pat. No. 1,470,250.
A second water-insoluble synthetic aluminosilicate ion exchange material useful herein is crystalline in nature and has the formula Naz[(AlO2)y.(SiO2)]xH2O, wherein z and y are integers of at least 6; the molar ratio of z to y is in the range from 1.0 to about 0.5, and x is an integer from about 15 to about 264; said aluminosilicate ion exchange material having a particle size diameter from about 0.1 micron to about 100 microns; a calcium ion exchange capacity on an anhydrous basis of at least about 200 milligrams equivalent of CaCO3 hardness per gram; and a calcium exchange rate on an anhydrous basis of at least about 2 grains/gallon/minute/gram. These synthetic aluminosilicates are more fully described in British Patent No. 1,429,143.
The preferred laundry composition may further include one or more well-known laundry ingredients, anti-redeposition agents, fluorescent dyes, perfumes, soil-release polymers, colorant, enzymes, enzyme stabilzation agents (e.g., sorbitol and/or borates), buffering agents, antifoam agents, UV-absorbers, etc.
Optical brighteners for cotton, polyamide and polyester fabrics can be used. Suitable optical brighteners include Tinopal, stilbene, triazole and benzidine sulfone compositions, especially sulfonated substituted triazinyl stilbene, sulfonated naphthotriazole stilbene, benzidene sulfone, etc., most preferred are stilbene and triazole combinations. A preferred brightener is Stilbene Brightener N4 which is a dimorpholine dianilino stilbene sulfonate.
Anti-foam agents, e.g. silicone compounds, such as Silicane L 7604, can also be added in small effective amounts.
Bactericides, e.g. tetrachlorosalicylanilide and hexachlorophene, fungicides, dyes, pigments (water dispersible), preservatives, e.g. formalin, ultraviolet absorbers, anti-yellowing agents, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, pH modifiers and pH buffers, color safe bleaches, perfume and dyes and bluing agents such as Iragon Blue L2D, Detergent Blue 472/372 and ultramarine blue can be used.
Also, soil release polymers and cationic softening agents may be used.
The list of optional ingredients above is not intended to be exhaustive and other optional ingredients which may not be listed, but are well known in the art, may also be included in the composition.
Use of the Composition
The compositions are used as laundry cleaning products (e.g., a laundry detergent, and/or a laundry pretreater). The inventive product offers an advantage of laundry pre-treater and a detergent in a single product. In use, a measured amount of the composition is deposited on the laundry or in the laundry washing machine, whereupon mixing with water, the cleaning of laundry is effected. It should be noted that due to the presence of non-neutralised fatty acid in the compositions, the compositions are low foaming and are particularly suitable for the use in front-loading laundry machines.
Process of Making Composition
The composition may be prepared by mixing the ingredients by any suitable method known in the art. According to the preferred method of making the compositions, the pre-mix containing all the ingredients, except non-neutralized fatty acid is prepared. The acid is added in the last step. The preferred method delays the gelling of the composition till the last step, thus simplifying manufacturing and ensuring the best mixing of the ingredients. Most preferably, the non-neutralised fatty acid and nonionic surfactant (used for solubilising the fatty acid) are mixed and added last, to the main mix containing the rest of the ingredients, the latter comprising an anionic surfactant. If antioxidant is included in formula, it is preferred added either with perfume or the premix of nonionic and fatty acid.
The inventive compositions are opaque or transparent, and are preferably packaged within the transparent/translucent bottles.
Transparent bottle materials with which this invention may be used include, but are not limited to: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyamides (PA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), polyvinylchloride (PVC); and polystyrene (PS).
The container of the present invention may be of any form or size suitable for storing and packaging liquids for household use. For example, the container may have any size but usually the container will have a maximal capacity of 0.05 to 15 L, preferably, 0.1 to 5 L, more preferably from 0.2 to 2.5 L. Preferably, the container is suitable for easy handling. For example the container may have handle or a part with such dimensions to allow easy lifting or carrying the container with one hand. The container preferably has a means suitable for pouring the liquid detergent composition and means for reclosing the container. The pouring means may be of any size of form but, preferably will be wide enough for convenient dosing the liquid detergent composition. The closing means may be of any form or size but usually will be screwed or clicked on the container to close the container. The closing means may be cap which can be detached from the container. Alternatively, the cap can still be attached to the container, whether the container is open or closed. The closing means may also be incorporated in the container.
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention, but the invention is not limited thereto. Unless noted otherwise, all percentages are intended to be by weight. The abbreviations for some of the ingredients in the Examples were as follows:
Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid
Lauryl ether sulfate
Neodol � 25-9
9-EO C12–15 alcohol ethoxylate
Oleic Acid
Priolene 6905
Rheology Measurement
Each sample's shear thinning behavior was analyzed using a TA Instruments AR500N Rheometer. This is a controlled stress model and for each sample the torque range was adjusted (approximately 100 μN-m−500 μN-m) so that the resulting shear rates were in the 1 s−1–100 s−1 range. The temperature was controled at 25� C.
Shear rate versus viscosity curves were measured using the following conditions:
Each sample's shear rate versus viscosity curve will be fit to the Sisko model:
η=a+b�{dot over (γ)}n−1.
The pouring viscosity may be measured directly at 21 s−1 of shear rate or may be obtained by the interpolation of rheological data.
Measurement of the Yield Stress
The viscometer was set at its minimum speed (0.1 RPM) and the amount of stress was measured as a percentage of the spring torque (% torque) until its maximum Tmax was reached. This maximum % torque value can be converted into yield stress, τy based on the vane geometry as shown in the following equation:
where Vane Height, HVane=0.011 76 m
To calculate the minimum required yield stress for suspending capsules, the largest particle size 1600 microns and lowest density of 850 kg/m3 were used. The density of gels in Examples 1 and 2 are 1070 kg/m3. Thus the minimum yield stress for gel has to be greater than 3.61 Pa, which is less than the actual yield stress of both examples.
The Examples (both within the scope of the invention) were prepared by first preparing a main mix by mixing water, propylene glycol, Borax, 70% sorbitol solution, 50% sodium hydroxide solution, boric acid, citrate, monoethanolamine, and 70% active LES. After LES was dissolved under moderate agitation, sulfonic acid was added to the main mix. Mixing was continued until both acids were fully dispersed and neutralized or the full consumption of alkaline neutralizing agents. Pre-mix was then prepared by mixing nonionic surfactant and oleic acid. Subsequently, the pre-mix was added into the main mix with agitation. The capsules were added last with gentle agitation, after the gel was formed. The particle size of these beads ranged from 500 to 1600 microns.
The Examples resulted in the formation of a gel with stably suspended capsules. After one year of room temperature, 25� C., storage, the capsules were still visible from the glass storage jar and did not show any sign of segregation. The results that were obtained are summarized in Table 1.
Example No.
DI Water
Sorbitol, 70%
Sodium Citrate
Propylene Glycol
Boric acid
NaOH, 50%
NaOH, 50%
Monoethanol amine
LAS acid
Neodol � 25-9
Oleic Acid
Shea Butter
(500–1600 micron
size beads)
To 100
To 100
Degree of FA
Neutralization, %
% Surfactant; A
% Fatty Acid
Non-neutralized %
Weight % ratio of
Fatty Acid to
Gelling Index, G
Pouring viscosity,
Yield stress, Pa
Sisko Rate Index
Examples A and B (both outside the scope of the invention) were prepared by following the procedure described in Examples 1–2. The results that were obtained are summarized in Table 2.
% by weight of the composition
Example No.
Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic acid
Non-ionic (C12–C14, 9 EO)
Oleic Fatty Acid
Coconut Fatty Acid
Sorbitol (70% active)
NaOH (50% active)
Propylene Glycol
Water and Miscellaneous
To 100
To 100
Degree of FA Neutralization, %
% Surfactant; A
% Fatty Acid
Weight % ratio of Non-neutralized Fatty
Acid to Surfactant
Gelling Index, G
The weight % ratio of total non-neutralized fatty acid to total surfactant was lower than Gelling Index G in Example A, therefore, it was not a stable gel. In Example B the weight % ratio of total non-neutralized fatty acid to total surfactant was more than 1—Example B was phase separated in 24 hours. Neither example was capable of suspending any particles, since it did not form a gel.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 4, 1983
|May 7, 1985
|Albright & Wilson Limited
|Pourable non-sedimenting aqueous based detergent composition having an organic lamellar structural component
|Nov 3, 1986
|Jun 7, 1988
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Liquid laundry detergent composition
|Aug 7, 1986
|Jan 31, 1989
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Thixotropic clay aqueous suspensions containing long chain saturated fatty acid stabilizers
|Jun 29, 1988
|Feb 13, 1990
|The Clorox Company
|Thickened peracid precursor compositions
|Apr 22, 1991
|Sep 15, 1992
|Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Liquid detergent composition in the form of lamellar droplets containing a deflocculating polymer
|Mar 25, 1993
|Jan 25, 1994
|Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Heavy duty liquid detergent compositions containing a capsule which comprises a component subject to degradation and a composite polymer
|Mar 25, 1993
|Jan 25, 1994
|Lever Brothers Company
|Heavy duty liquid detergent compositions containing non-proteolytic enzymes comprising capsules comprising proteolytic enzyme and composite polymer
|Oct 28, 1994
|Jul 23, 1996
|Dowbrands Inc.
|Translucent gel prespotting composition
|Jan 27, 1995
|Oct 8, 1996
|Bush Boake Allen Inc.
|Method of suspending inclusions and compositions produced thereby
|Nov 10, 1994
|Jan 28, 1997
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Liquid detergent compositions containing a suspended peroxygen bleach
|Jun 5, 1995
|Oct 13, 1998
|S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc.
|Single-phase soap compositions
|May 30, 1997
|Sep 14, 1999
|Albright & Wilson Limited
|Concentrated aqueous surfactant compositions
|Jan 27, 1997
|Sep 14, 1999
|Lever Brothers Company
|Liquid cleansing composition comprising soluble, lamellar phase inducing structurant and method thereof
|Dec 17, 1996
|Oct 26, 1999
|Colgate-Palmolive Co
|Mildly acidic laundry detergent composition providing improved protection of fine fabrics during washing and enhanced rinsing in hand wash
|Jun 23, 1998
|Dec 14, 1999
|Colgate-Palmolive Co.
|Microemulsion all purpose liquid cleaning compositions
|Apr 19, 1999
|Jun 20, 2000
|Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Liquid cleansing composition comprising soluble, lamellar phase inducing structurant
|Dec 16, 1998
|Mar 26, 2002
|Unilever Home & Personal Care, Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Pourable transparent/translucent liquid detergent composition with suspended particles
|Aug 28, 2001
|Jun 4, 2002
|Colgate-Palmolive Co.
|All purpose liquid cleaning compositions
|Mar 4, 2002
|Sep 11, 2003
|Unilever Home And Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Ordered liquid crystalline cleansing composition with benefit agent particles
|Sep 19, 1996
|Apr 1, 1998
|Liquid stable thickened cleaning compositions
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Jan 7, 1997
|Jul 24, 1997
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Filled package of light duty liquid cleaning composition
|Jul 23, 1998
|Feb 11, 1999
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Aqueous, gel laundry detergent composition
|Nov 20, 1998
|Jun 3, 1999
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Aqueous, gel laundry detergent composition
|Jan 7, 2003
|Jul 24, 2003
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|All purpose liquid cleaning compositions
|Co-pending Application: Applicant: Hsu et al., U.S. Appl. No.: 10/247,957; filed: Sep. 20, 2002.
|Co-pending Application: Applicant: Hsu et al., U.S. Appl. No.: 10/251,458; filed: Sep. 20, 2002.
|Co-pending Application: Applicant: Hsu et al., U.S. Appl. No.: 10/251,481; filed: Sep. 20, 2002.
|Co-pending Application: Applicant: Hsu et al., U.S. Appl. No.: 10/251,738; filed: Sep. 20, 2002.
|Co-pending Application: Applicant: Hsu et al., U.S. Appl. No.: 10/694,980; filed: Oct. 28, 2003.
|Co-pending Application: Applicant:: Hines et al., U.S. Appl. No.: 10/702,231; filed: Nov. 6, 2003.
|International Search Report, Application No. PCT/EP 03/08952 dated Aug. 13, 2003, 6 pages
|International Search Report, Application No. PCT/EP 03/09012 dated Aug. 13, 2003, 4 pages.
|International Search Report, Application No. PCT/EP 03/09386 dated Aug. 22, 2003, 6 pages.
|PCT International Search Report in a PCT application PCT /EP 03/09385.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 21, 2005
|May 20, 2008
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Structured body wash
|Jan 16, 2009
|May 25, 2010
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Liquid detergent composition
|Dec 10, 2007
|Jul 6, 2010
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Liquid detergent composition comprising an acrylic polymer/ propylene glycol ether of methyl glucose mixture
|May 12, 2010
|Jul 12, 2011
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Liquid detergent composition comprising an acrylic polymer/viscosity control agent mixture
|Dec 20, 2011
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Liquid detergent composition comprising an alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant and polypropylene glycol
|Jul 21, 2005
|Jan 26, 2006
|Allen Aberdeen Jr
|Structured body wash
|Sep 15, 2006
|Jan 11, 2007
|Kevin Kinscherf
|Composition for Visibility and Impact of Suspended Materials
|Nov 10, 2006
|Mar 22, 2007
|Melissa Fleckenstein
|Liquid Detergent Composition
|Jan 25, 2007
|Mar 20, 2008
|Philip Gorlin
|Liquid Detergent Composition
|Feb 1, 2008
|Oct 2, 2008
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Liquid Detergent With Refractive Particle
|Jan 16, 2009
|May 14, 2009
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Liquid Detergent Composition
|Mar 2, 2009
|Jun 25, 2009
|Colgate-Palmolive Company
|Liquid Detergent Composition
|Sep 23, 2008
|Mar 11, 2010
|Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc.
|Dual active fuel management sequencing
|Feb 20, 2013
|Aug 27, 2014
|Unilever PLC
|Lamellar gel with amine oxide
|U.S. Classification
|510/280, 510/491, 510/277, 510/403, 510/336, 510/426, 510/351, 510/424
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 17, 2004
Owner name: UNILEVER HOME & PERSONAL CARE USA, DIVISION OF CON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HSU, FENG-LUNG GORDON;ZHU, YUN PENG;HINES, JOHN DAVID;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014635/0159;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040205 TO 20040227
|Jun 15, 2009
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 6, 2009
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 26, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20091206


text:
i'v built a huge media player with more than 250gigs of music and still growing( it's legal ).
so i need "unlimited" disk space and "unlimited" mysql concurrent connections, and i can get that with dedicated server but it's to much money for me.
so after i stayed on the line with HostGator sales for hour + they gave me this offer..
"you could have an Shared Hosting account with the databases, and just remotely access them from the VPS, but that would be out of scope for us to really help set it up"
so the offer they came back with was that i buy VPS package and Shared Hosting Package.
the VPS package have no "limit" on mysql connections. > the site will be on this account.
the Shared Hosting will have no limit on "Disk Space". > the files and the mysql server will be on this account.
so how can i remotely connect to the mysql db with php ?
Can u guys help me?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(Skip is teaching Mudsy how to drive the Looney Duney)
Skip: You're doing just fine, Mudsy.
Mudsy: I am?
Augie: Speed up, Muds. I think we're breaking the slow limit.
April: Look out for that tree, Mudsy!
Augie: Faster! Faster!
Skip: There's a sharp curve!
April: Slow down, Mudsy!
Mudsy: Heavens to Delaware! Don't everyone tell me at once-eth!
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User Score: 104
User Score: 250
User Score: 12
User Score: 8
User Score: 5
User Score: 2
User Score: 2
User Score: 2


text:
I'm trying to do a "get" of a page, and pass in a list of ids that is stored in my cookie. My assumption was that it would be possible to get the cookie with the list from my request. However, I don't get the cookie on the server side as I would expect. I only get a "user" cookie, but that doesn't contain my info.
I want to try to avoid actually passing these values in the URL as I'm trying to keep as clean and nice URL's as possible. However, if it isn't possible in any other way, then I can still do it.
Adding the cookie:
function setCookie(name, value) {
var today = new Date();
var expires = 30 * 1000 * 60;
var c_name = name;
var exdate = new Date(today.getTime() + (expires));
document.cookie = c_name + "=" + value + ";expires=" + exdate.toGMTString();
Getting the new page in jQuery:
document.location.href = href;
In my Action Method:
if (Request.Cookies != null)
var myCookie = Request.Cookies[cookieName];
//myCookie is always null
Shouldn't a cookie I add, still be accessible in the Request?
When I've now used FireBug and FireCookie, I can see that the cookie is not passed with the request. So the question is if I do something wrong when adding the cookie?


text:
When Alexander McQueen sold his first collection straight out of Central St. Martin's masters program to influential style icon Isabella Blow, it was clear that an unprecedented career was in store for the young, Savile Row-trained tailor. Fifteen years and several spectacular collections later, McQueen was known across the runways of the world for his dramatic silhouettes and provocative, theatrical shows. The acclaimed designer's darkly romantic sensibility was always centered on masterful construction and exquisite couture-style detail. With fragrances, menswear, and a denim-based diffusion line called McQ, McQueen's empire reigns on thanks the appointment of his right-hand woman Sarah Burton as creative director following the designer's tragic passing in 2010.
Game-changing pieces that combine French elegance with modern edge
Add mystery to your look in the brand's edgy accessories
Keep your style streak going with our fresh summer finds
A spectrum of sunnies to frame every face


text:
Obstetrics & Gynecology GuidesCONTACT A DOCTOR
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- Would a doctor have done a tubal reversal if there was an issue with my uterus?
- How would I know if my tubes were tied or cut?
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- Can you get artificially inseminated if you have had a tubal ligation?
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- I'm a lesbian and my spouse and I want to know how we can have kids?
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text:
Other Category problem
2001 GMC Jimmy 6 cyl Two Wheel Drive Automatic 73K miles
My engine light came on about 3 days ago. It gave me a troubleshooting code PO128 " coolant temp is always low" I am running a few degrees cooler, my coolant level is fine. Would I replace the thermostat first or the Engine coolant temperature sensor? I have both on hand.
Saturday, December 15th, 2007 AT 9:05 AM


text:
- Psoriasis Pictures
- Take the Psoriasis Quiz
- Severe Forms of Psoriasis Slideshow
- Psoriasis FAQs
- Patient Comments: Psoriasis - Effective Treatments
- Patient Comments: Psoriasis - Symptoms
- Patient Comments: Scalp Psoriasis - Creams and Lotions
- Patient Comments: Psoriasis - Diet
- Find a local Dermatologist in your town
- Psoriasis facts
- What is psoriasis?
- What are psoriasis causes and risk factors?
- What are the different types of psoriasis?
- Can psoriasis affect my joints?
- Can psoriasis affect only my nails?
- What are psoriasis symptoms and signs? What does psoriasis look like?
- How do health-care professionals diagnose psoriasis?
- Eczema vs. psoriasis
- How many people have psoriasis?
- Is psoriasis contagious?
- Is there a cure for psoriasis?
- Is psoriasis hereditary?
- What kind of doctor treats psoriasis?
- What is the treatment for psoriasis?
- What creams, lotions, and home remedies are available for psoriasis?
- Are psoriasis shampoos available?
- What oral medications are available for psoriasis?
- What injections or infusions are available for psoriasis?
- Is there a psoriasis diet?
- What about light therapy for psoriasis?
- What is the long-term prognosis with psoriasis? What are complications of psoriasis?
- Is it possible to prevent psoriasis?
- What does the future hold for psoriasis?
- Is there a national psoriasis support group?
- Where can people get more information on psoriasis?
Quick GuidePsoriasis Types, Images, Treatments
What injections or infusions are available for psoriasis?
The newest category of psoriasis drugs are called biologics. All biologics work by suppressing certain specific portions of the immune response that are overactive in psoriasis. Available biologic drugs include adalimumab (Humira), infliximab (Remicade), etanercept (Enbrel), ustekinumab (Stelara), and secukinumab (Cosentyx). Newer drugs are in development and available in the near future. As this class of drugs is fairly new, ongoing monitoring and adverse effect reporting continues and long-term safety continues to be monitored.
A recently approved biologic product for adults who have a moderate to severe form of psoriasis is ustekinumab. Ustekinumab is a laboratory-produced antibody that treats psoriasis by blocking the action of two proteins (interleukins) that contribute to the overactive skin inflammation.
Some biologics are to be administered by self-injections for home use while others are given by intravenous infusions in the physician's office. Biologics have some screening requirements such as a tuberculosis screening test (TB skin test or PPD test) and other labs prior to starting therapy. As with any drug, side effects are possible with all biologic drugs. Common potential side effects include mild local injection-site reactions (redness and tenderness). There is concern of serious infections and potential malignancy with nearly all biologic drugs. Precautions include patients with known or suspected hepatitis B infection, active tuberculosis, and possibly HIV/AIDS. As a general consideration, these drugs may not be an ideal choice for patients with a history of cancer and patients actively undergoing cancer therapy. In particular, there may be an increased association of lymphoma in patients taking a biologic.
Biologics are expensive medications ranging in price from several to tens of thousands of dollars per year per person. Their use may be limited by availability, cost, and insurance approval. Not all insurance drug plans may fully cover these drugs for all conditions. Patients need to check with their insurance and may require a prior authorization request for coverage approval. Some of the biologic manufacturers have patient-assistance programs to help with financial issues. Therefore, choice of the right medication for your condition depends on many factors, not all of them medical. Additionally, convenience of receiving the medication and lifestyle may the choice of the right biologic medication.
Currently, the main classes of biologic drugs for psoriasis are
- TNF (tumor necrosis factor) blockers,
- drugs that interfere with interleukin chemical messengers of inflammation.
TNF blockers
TNF blockers include etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade), and adalimumab (Humira). TNF-alpha blocking drugs may have an advantage of treating psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis skin disease. Their disadvantage is that some patients may notice a decrease in the effectiveness of TNF-alpha blocking drugs over months to years.
TNF blockers are generally not used in patients with demyelinating (neurological) diseases like multiple sclerosis, congestive heart failure, or patients with severe overall low blood counts called pancytopenia.
The major side effect of this class of drugs is suppression of the immune system. Because of the increased risk of infections while on these drugs, patients should promptly report fevers or signs of infection to their physicians. Other side effects have included autoimmune conditions like lupus or flares in lupus. Additionally, it is best to avoid any live vaccines while using TNF blockers.
- Etanercept is a self-injectable medication for home use. It is injected via a small needle just under the skin, called subcutaneous injection. It is usually dosed once or twice weekly by patients at home after training with their physician or the nursing staff. Sometimes a higher loading dose is used for the first 12 weeks and then it is "stepped down" to half the dose after the first 12 weeks.
- Infliximab is an intravenous (IV) medication strictly for physician office or special infusion medical center use. It is dosed specifically based on the patient's weight. It is currently not for home use or self-injection. It is infused slowly over time via a small needle into a vein. After a six-week loading period, it is infused every two months. There have been reports of antibodies to this drug in patients taking it for some time. These antibodies may cause a greater drug-dose requirement for achieving disease improvement or failure to improve. The IV route may be more time-consuming, requiring physician during the infusions. Remicade has the advantage of fast disease response, dependable dosing, and good potency.
- Adalimumab is a self-injectable medication for home use. It is injected via a small needle just under the skin as a subcutaneous dose. It is usually dosed once every other week, totaling 26 injections in one year. Dosing is individualized and should be discussed with a physician. Sometimes a higher loading dose is used for the first dose (80 mg) and then it is continued at 40 mg every other week. It may give results as soon as one to two weeks of therapy.
Drugs that interfere with interleukin mechanisms
- Ustekinumab is a biologic injectable medication used to modulate the immune system. It is an interleukin-12/23 human monoclonal antibody. Ustekinumab targets chemical messengers in the immune system involved in skin inflammation and skin-cell production. This drug is dosed subcutaneously (just under the skin) once a quarter (every three months). It has been very promising with very good clearance rates in the clinical trials. A major advantage may be the convenience of a quarterly medication. The concerns for infection and malignancy may be similar to the other biologics.
- Secukinumab (Cosentyx) interferes with interleukin 17 and produces a high rate of clearance and is given monthly after a weekly induction period.


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PA depicts a world without Israel
Denying Israel's right to exist
PA depicts a world without Israel
The Palestinian Authority makes no attempt to educate its people towards peace and coexistence with Israel. On the contrary, from every possible platform it repeatedly rejects Israel's right to exist, presents the conflict as a religious battle for Islam, depicts the establishment of Israel as an act of imperialism, and perpetuates a picture of the Middle East, both verbally and visually, in which Israel does not exist at all. Israel's destruction is said to be both inevitable and a Palestinian obligation.
The following description of Israel's founding in a Palestinian schoolbook represents the dominant dogma about Israel:
"Palestine's war ended with a catastrophe that is unprecedented in history, when the Zionist gangs stole Palestine … and established the so-called State of Israel."
[Arabic Language, Analysis, Literature and Criticism, grade 12, p. 104]
This official PA map of "Palestine" was broadcast on PA TV in September 2011. The map includes both the PA areas and all of Israel (excluding the Golan Heights) wrapped in the Palestinian flag - a symbol of Palestinian sovereignty over the whole area - and has a key through it, symbolizing ownership. Similar maps presenting all of Israel as "Palestine" appear in Palestinian schoolbooks and are shown regularly on PA TV.
Denying Israel's right to exist
The Palestinian Authority adamantly rejects Israel's right to exist and rewrites history to deny the 3,000-year-old connection of Jews to the Land Israel. [See "Rewriting History" section.] The essential message of the PA to its people is that Jews have no historical connection to the land, and that the State of Israel was created by the colonial powers for two reasons: to rid their countries of Jews, and to establish a colonial bridgehead in order to control the region. One particularly horrific expression of this ideology appeared in the official PA daily as far back as 1998:
"The difference between Hitler and [British Foreign Minister] Balfour was simple: the former [Hitler] did not have colonies to send the Jews to, so he destroyed them, whereas Balfour ...[turned] Palestine into his colony and sent the Jews. Balfour is Hitler with colonies, while Hitler is Balfour without colonies. They both wanted to get rid of the Jews...Zionism was crucial to the defense of the West, [by] ridding Europe of the burden of the Jews."
Al-Hayat Al-Jadida
, Dec. 6, 1998]
This video of Palestinian Ambassador to Lebanon, Abbas Zaki, shows how this distortion continues to be expressed:
"We must understand why Israel was established … [The Europeans] wanted to get rid of the Jews. … At that same time, energy [oil] was discovered in the Arab region … Then, they solved the [Jewish] problem by exporting [the Jews] to Israel [and at same time] they imposed their hegemony on the region's natural resources. The [purpose of the] State of Israel is not for the Jews but it is an ongoing [colonial] project, an outpost for Imperialism."
[PA TV, May 14, 2008]
PA Grand Mufti: "Settlers" are trying to "steal the Islamic Palestinian holy sites," in order "find their fake history under them"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Mar. 8, 2016
: "The Grand Mufti condemned the continuation of the Israeli excavations under the Ibrahimi Mosque (i.e., the Cave of the Patriarchs)"
"Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and the Palestinian territories and preacher at the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque Sheikh Muhammad Hussein condemned the continued excavations that the settlers are carrying out under the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron. He announced yesterday [March 7, 2016] that the settlers are acting, under the cover of their racist government, to steal the Islamic Palestinian holy sites, and to paint them in colors fitting their barbaric Zionist beliefs. Likewise, they are trying in vain to find their fake history under them, similar to the destructive excavations taking place under the walls of the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque."
PA official claims that Israeli settlements started in 1881 as a "colonialist project"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Mar. 8, 2016
: "The launching of Your Initiative is Their Resolve – the Martyr Ziad Abu Ein Prize at the An-Najah University"
"The national An-Najah University launched the Your Initiative is Their Resolve – the Martyr (
) Ziad Abu Ein Prize, under the patronage of [PA] Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah… Chairman of [PA] Committee Against the Wall and Settlements Walid Assaf said: 'The settlement issue has existed from the moment the colonialist project in Palestine began in 1881 (i.e., First Aliyah - Zionist immigration to what is now Israel).'"
PA TV portrays Israel as foreign colonial occupier, claims ancient Jewish history is Palestinian
Source: Official Palestinian Authority TV, Mar. 1, 2016
The PA TV video shows a woman who represents "ancient Palestinians" (or possibly Muslims) going through the history of the land - replacing the Jewish people's actual history. The woman is introduced in a peaceful scene feeding birds in a period predating the Roman conquest of Judea and destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. Suddenly the scene is disturbed, the birds scatter and the woman runs away from various foreign invaders: first an ancient Roman soldier, then a Crusader, then a British soldier, and finally a Jew (wearing a skullcap), who throws a lit cigarette at her.
In the final scene, the woman stops fleeing when a man on a horse - the "new" Muslim conqueror Saladin who defeated the Crusaders - extends his hand and helps her up the mountain. He represents the coming savior who will "liberate Palestine" from Jewish-Israeli rule. In the end, the woman stands on the top of the mountain, fleeing no one anymore, symbolizing that Israel is gone like the other foreign rulers.
Click to view video
Note: The video originally aired March 2, 2012. It was rebroadcast on both PA TV and PA TV Live at least 18 times in 2012, 54 times in 2013, 44 times in 2014, 42 times in 2015, and 6 times in 2016, most recently on March 1, 2016.
PA daily op-ed denies Jewish history as an "invention of the Jewish people, based on Palestine being its historic biblical land"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Feb. 9, 2016
Headline: "Why does Israel oppose a Palestinian state?"
Excerpt of op-ed by Bassem Barhoum
"What is the basis of the Israeli opposition to a Palestinian state, and what are the reasons for the continuation of this opposition? There are reasons that are connected to the essence of the Zionist narrative and the foundations upon which it is built: The narrative of the invention of the Jewish people, based on Palestine being its historic biblical land. This narrative has been consolidated at the expense of the Palestinian people and at the expense of its land, hence the need to deny its existence and its rights. Therefore, any recognition of the national rights of the Palestinian people, or any allusion to them, means the destruction of this narrative, upon whose foundations Israel was created. Any Israeli agreement to an independent sovereign Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital means the beginning of the collapse of the Zionist structure."
Op-ed in PA daily responds to Israeli criticism of international aid for terrorists: The world owes the Palestinians money for enabling Israel's establishment, majority of aid money goes to PA salaries
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Feb. 3, 2016
: "Hotovely and the baseless questions"
Op-ed by Omar Hilmi Al-Ghoul, columnist for official PA daily
"Israeli Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Tzipi Hotovely published an article last week in the American Wall Street Journal, titled '
Where Does All That Aid for Palestinians Go
.' [Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu's deputy wondered where the aid funds have gone that have been given to the Palestinians over the past 22 years, and which have amounted to 21 billion US dollars in the form of development aid from 1993 to 2013, according to the World Bank... Hotovely's article misleads world public opinion, turns the facts upside down, incites, and blackens the image of the Palestinian leadership and Palestinian fighters... If we consider each point [of the article] that appears in the American magazine separately, we will notice the following things: First, the Israeli extremist [Hotovely] ignores or pretends not to know that the funds of the donor countries are the minimum that the international community owes the Palestinians, and Europe in particular, which contributed to the establishment of the State of Israel on the ruins of the Nakba (i.e., 'the catastrophe,' Palestinian term for the establishment of the State of Israel) of the Palestinian people in 1948. Secondly, she ignored the fact that the majority of the total funds received by the PA over 20 years were used for salaries of the PA's civil and military employees."
PA youth magazine dedicates monthly article to "Palestinian cities that were occupied in 1948 (i.e., Israel)"
Source: Zayzafuna magazine, Feb. 1, 2016
Headline: "
and building bridges with the Palestinian Writers Union in Haifa"
"It is better that an idea come late than never. The Palestinian Writers Union in occupied Haifa is an important pillar for intellectuals in the Palestinian interior (i.e., Israel), and we at Zayzafuna have met several times with the chairman of the General Union for Palestinian Writers and the Secretary General of the National Committee for Education, Culture, and Science Murad Al-Sudani. This has served as an incentive for us in this matter, especially after a national core group of this union was formed, separate from the Israeli political parties and normalization.
Therefore, we at Zayzafuna have decided to dedicate two pages a month in the Zayzafuna magazine to the topic 'the cultural scene in Palestinian cities that were occupied in 1948 (i.e., that are within Israel)" – and this is our duty to them – in order to build cultural bridges between us. Thus we will have relations with each other, because after all we are one cultural body – no matter how much the occupation and some of us will try to separate us.
In the February 2016 issue we will publish [an article] about the cultural scene in occupied Haifa. Every month we will publish [articles] consecutively about the cultural scene in all of the Palestinian cities that were occupied in 1948, so that the ember of Palestinian culture will continue to burn and be ignited, and will not under any circumstances be extinguished."
Click "full article" below to for more information about
magazine's sources of funding.
PA daily refers to Israel as "the territories occupied in 1948"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Jan. 21, 2016
: "38 prisoners served more than 20 years in the occupation's prisons"
"The [PLO] Commission of Prisoners' Affairs stated yesterday [Jan. 21, 2016] in a report that the number of prisoners who have served more than 20 years in the occupation's prisons has risen to 38 prisoners, most of them sentenced to life, and 14 of them from among residents of the territories occupied in 1948 (i.e., Israel). The commission noted that the veteran prisoners are Karim Younes, arrested on Jan. 6, 1983, and Maher Younes, arrested on Jan. 18, 1983. The commission said that the number of prisoners sentenced to life sentences has risen to 504 prisoners."
Click to view bulletin
Karim Younes
- an Israeli Arab serving a 40-year sentence for kidnapping and killing Israeli soldier Avraham Bromberg in 1980 together with his cousin Maher Younes. Originally sentenced to life in prison, but Israeli President Shimon Peres reduced his sentence in 2012.
Maher Younes
- an Israeli Arab serving a 40-year sentence for kidnapping and killing an Israeli soldier in 1980 together with his cousin Karim Younes. Originally sentenced to life in prison, but Israeli President Shimon Peres reduced his sentence in 2012.
Fatah Commissioner: Israel is "a colonialist project on our land"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Jan. 20, 2016
"The Fatah movement received the decisions of the EU, made at a meeting of European Foreign Ministers in Brussels, with a call to turn them into an action plan to end the Israeli occupation. It called on Europe to take immediate steps to protect the option of the Palestinian state in the framework of a two-state solution from the unilateral steps being taken by the occupation… Fatah Commissioner of International Relations and Fatah Central Committee member Nabil Shaath stated: 'The decision made by the council of EU Foreign Ministers yesterday [Jan. 18, 2016] regarding the Palestinian issue is very positive. It is a step forward, which in the end has to lead to severe sanctions against Israel, in order to fight its [Israel's] colonialist project on our land'… Shaath emphasized that it is important to complete the diplomatic successes by achieving national unity and the end of the rift (i.e., between Fatah and Hamas), in order to strengthen the Palestinian positon and support the present intifada and popular resistance."
Fatah official about "American infernal plot": The US created ISIS to make an Islamic state as pretext to create a Jewish state
Source: Al-Mashriq (independent Iraqi newspaper), Jan. 10, 2016
: "Palestinian leader Zaki to
: The essence of the American plan in the region - an ISIS state against the Jewish state! Israel takes [Hezbollah leader] Hassan Nasrallah very seriously, and the Palestinians have not used Iran's support"
"PLO leadership member [Fatah Central Committee member and Fatah Commissioner of Arab Relations and Relations with China] Abbas Zaki linked the establishment of an Islamic state under the auspices of ISIS with the establishment of the Jewish state on the land of Palestine. He described the plan to establish these two states as the revival and realization of the American concept for the region. The Fatah Central Committee member and Fatah Commissioner of Arab Relations and Relations with China [Abbas Zaki] stated in an interview with Al-Mashriq: 'The American plot began by targeting the heart of the Arab nation, by destroying Iraq and Syria, and weakening Egypt.' He clarified: 'The strong Arab states did not receive support that would enable them to deal with Israel and stop its spread on Arab land.' Abbas Zaki stated: 'ISIS is an American product, necessary for the establishment of an Islamic state in order to justify the existence of a Jewish state, in which there is no place for Palestinians.' He explained: 'The dismantling of Arab societies by taking advantage of the sectarian factor is part of the infernal plot to dismantle the Arab nation (
), split it, and kill its spirit of solidarity.'
Click to view bulletin
Click "full article" for a longer excerpt from the article
PA TV: Balfour Declaration was Europe's "solution to get rid of them (the Jews)"
Source: Official Palestinian Authority TV, Dec. 31, 2015
"Faced with the Jews' schemes, Europe could not bear their character traits, monopolies, corruption, and their control and climbing up positions in government. In 1290, King Edward I issued a decree banishing the Jews [from England]. Following him were France, Germany, Austria, Holland, Czechoslovakia, Spain and Italy. The European nations felt that they had suffered a tragedy by providing refuge for the Jews. Later the Jews obtained the Balfour Declaration, and Europe saw it as an ideal solution to get rid of them."
Click to view video
Click to view bulletin
Note: This video was originally broadcast on official PA TV, Jan. 1, 2013, Nov. 11, 2014 and Dec. 31, 2015. It was broadcast on Fatah-run Awdah TV on Feb. 18, 2015.
Lawyer on PA TV: Israelis are afraid when they see a Palestinian because they know the land doesn't belong to them, according to the Bible
Source: Official Palestinian Authority TV, Dec. 26, 2015
Official PA TV program
Topic of the Day,
hosting lawyer Ghandi Al-Ruba'i
Lawyer Ghandi Al-Ruba'i:
"This brings us back to deep psychology, if we can expand on the subject. In criminology [it is called] the psychology of the thief. The psychology of fearing the one [who has] the right. Therefore he [the Israeli] is very tense when he sees the Palestinian. His finger is always on the trigger, even when he meets an unarmed Palestinian or a woman. Why? Because he knows deep in his heart that this land is not his land. Even in the Bible, when they say about Jerusalem 'Your descendants and homeland are Canaanite' (might refer to Ezekiel 16:3: 'And say: Thus says the Lord God unto Jerusalem: Thine origin and thy nativity is of the land of the Canaanite; the Amorite was thy father, and thy mother was a Hittite.' –Ed.). And even when they arrived in Palestine as guests, and the Palestinians received them, as is written in the Bible, they always bore this shame of stealing the land from its rightful owners. Therefore, their behavior remains of the same character, ruled by the character of a thief, out of fear of the one with the legitimate right."
PA daily op-ed: "Zionism is the invention of robbers who stole Palestine from its inhabitants, on the basis of a terrorist religion, whose lies are not supported by any archeological remnants"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Dec. 23, 2015
: "The supporters of Israel's terror are attacking Islam"
"I say that Israel has no right to exist, because there is no archeological remnant in the area to support [this right]. The stories of Jewish prophets are a sick invention. However, I do not want even one Jew to die, even if he is a war criminal like members of the Israeli government. I just demand an independent Palestinian state. Zionism is the invention of robbers who stole Palestine from its inhabitants, on the basis of a terrorist religion, whose lies are not supported by any archeological remnants."
Op-ed in official PA daily: "Religious, historical, and even biblical facts deny any connection between the Jews and Jerusalem" or to "historic Palestine"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Dec. 13, 2015
: "Ziedan's irrational teleology"
Op-ed by Omar Hilmi Al-Ghoul, columnist for official PA daily
"[Egyptian author] Dr. Youssef Ziedan dropped a heavy bomb with his rational approach to the status of Jerusalem when he rejected its Arab identity, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the First Direction of Prayer and the third 'Sanctuary' , its Islamic value, and considered it a 'myth' with no connection to reality. He relied on the history of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, which was built by Abd Al-Malik Ibn Marwan (the 5th Umayyad caliph. –Ed.) in 65 AH, in other words after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, thus giving the Jews the right to Palestine...First, the religious, historical, and even biblical facts deny any connection between the Jews and Jerusalem. Anyone turning to Jewish historians and archaeologists will understand this truth, as some of them, such as Israel Finkelstein, Neil Asher Silberman (i.e., Israeli archeologists), and Shlomo Sand (i.e., a history professor at Tel Aviv University), have confirmed that there is no such connection. In addition, Israel is already in existence for seven long decades in historic Palestine, and its archeologists are searching for any evidence that will connect them to Jerusalem or the Palestinian land, but they have not found even a small piece of evidence to confirm the Zionist assumption. Second, a large number of Arab and foreign historians have confirmed that the locations noted in the bible have no connection to Palestine, and they are all to be found in Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Third, the fact that the [Al-Aqsa] Mosque was not built in its present form does not rule out its presence there in its original form and the fact that Caliph Abd Al-Malik Ibn Marwan built it here, where it stands until today, only reinforces the words of the Quran. Fourth, Dr. Youssef knows well that the Zionist narrative is a fundamentall
Israel was "unnaturally" established by colonialism, "as an idea to get rid of the European Jewish problem"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Dec. 8, 2015
Op-ed by Muwaffaq Matar, columnist for official PA daily
"The occupation state, 'Israel,' which was established outside the natural historical framework of the formation of countries in this civilized part of the world, and came into the world following illegal competitive relations between the worldwide promoters of colonialism, and as an idea to get rid of the European Jewish problem, after all the attention the world has lavished on it [Israel], whether willingly or unwillingly, today pulls out the sword of enmity and rebellion against international law. The same law that has guaranteed it since its establishment was announced in the partition resolution in 1947 (the UN partition plan of 1947, which called for the creation of a Jewish state and an Arab state in the former British Mandate for Palestine, and which was rejected by the Palestinians –Ed.) , and it was given the birth certificate of a state, under certain conditions, which is located within the natural and historical borders of Palestine, in other words, what we call the fourth of June borders. This was after it went beyond the interpretations of the partition resolution and forcefully took over parts of the territories that the partition resolution called 'the Arab state' at the time! It is possible that the rebellion and non-compliance is a natural matter among most of those who were born outside the legal framework of regulations, values, and laws, and Israel has left compliance with international laws regarding human rights outside of its conduct regarding the Palestinian people, which has the natural and historical right to Palestine, all of Palestine."
PA daily op-ed: Palestinians are original inhabitants of the land and Israel is just another "invader and occupier"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Dec. 1, 2015
Op-ed by Izzat Daraghmeh, regular columnist for
Al-Hayat Al-Jadida
: "Rabbi Zion's religious ruling…"
"These are the Palestinians, descendants of the Canaanites and the Jebusites, the first to dwell on this sacred soil and to inhabit this blessed land. They are the first who set foot on this soil, and built Haifa, Jaffa, Jerusalem, Safed, Hebron, Nablus and Tal Al-Rabia (i.e., Arabic translation of Tel Aviv, to wrongly imply the existence of an Arab village of that name prior to Tel Aviv, Ed.). They are those who have put down roots in the heart of Jerusalem, and survived throughout all the centuries, and all the dreams of invaders and greedy ones were shattered on their rocks and chests. Colonialism and all invaders and occupiers passed through here, while the Palestinians continued to carry out
(i.e., religious conflict/war over land claimed to be Islamic) and stand firm."
PA daily op-ed: "Western colonialism planted" Israel with the goal "to destroy the Arab and Islamic nation" and "get rid of the 'Jewish problem' in Europe"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Nov. 22, 2015
Op-ed by Fatah Revolutionary Council member Bakr Abu Bakr, regular columnist for official PA daily
: "Jerusalem in the claws of Zionism"
"When Western colonialism planted the Zionist entity in the heart of Palestine (out of many other alternatives) [parenthesis in source], it had colonialist goals: to destroy the Arab and Islamic nation and to stop any early sign of its revival, and to get rid of the 'Jewish problem' in Europe, through settling them in Palestine."
PA TV host teaches kids that "the 1948 lands" (i.e., Israel) will return to Palestinians one day
Source: Official Palestinian Authority TV, Nov. 6, 2015
Official PA TV program Ch
ildren's Talk
Official PA TV host
: "Do you know what the 1948 lands are?"
Girl Batoul
: "Yes, they are the lands that the occupation took from the Palestinians in 1948 (i.e., Israel)."
Official PA TV host
: "Very good. One of these days they will return to us, right?"
Girl Batoul
: "Yes."
Official PA TV host
: "Of course they will return to us."
Palestinians are "original owners of the land" who were "uproot[ed]"to be replaced with "foreign Jews"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Nov. 5, 2015
Op-ed by Muwaffaq Matar, columnist for official PA daily
: "You do not have a future on our land, O Lapid, and get out of our sky!"
"Do not leave us. Continue to weigh on our chest, to kill our children and young people, to Judaize Jerusalem and our holy sites, to uproot us from our land, and to bring foreign Jews in our place, and to build homes for the Jewish ISIS in place of our homes! Remain, and we love your occupation, your injustice and terror, and get up every morning grateful for your Talmudic bloody crimes. Remain with your robbers' swords in your hands... We do not want an independent Palestinian state with its capital in Jerusalem. Your state which violates international law is enough for us... Who told [Israeli Parliament (Knesset) member Yair] Lapid that the Palestinian people does not want to get rid of the occupation? Who convinced Lapid that the Palestinian people wants to see the settlements on its land, army camps, tanks, tractors, soldiers and officers, into whom orders and Talmudic rabbis' rulings have been injected, which allow the spilling of the blood of Palestinians, the original owners of the land? ... Does Lapid not know that the occupationis like a virus and the settlement is like cancer, and you are supposed to remove them from your body, and not the opposite? Unless the fabricating genius wants to take apart the body, cut it up, and crumble it, in order to keep its viruses and cancers!"
Speaker at PA event in a school describes Balfour declaration: "One who had no ownership (i.e., Britain) gave [it] to one who had no right (i.e., Israel)"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Nov. 4, 2015
: "The [PA] Ministry of Culture and Education Commission are holding a cultural event in Tulkarem against the Balfour Declaration"
"The [PA] Ministry of Culture and Education Commission in the Tulkarem district held a culture and song event at the Ibrahim Al-Khawaja School, on the 98th anniversary of the ominous Balfour Declaration. During the event, historian Nu'man Shahrour spoke… Historian Shahrour spoke in detail before the students about the Balfour Declaration that was made on Nov. 2, 1917, which was the basis for establishing Israel, and through it one who had no ownership [of Palestine] gave [it] to one who had no right."
The Balfour Declaration of Nov. 2, 1917 was a letter from British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to Baron Rothschild stating that "His Majesty's government views with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" and is seen as the basis for later international commitments to establish the State of Israel.
Israel's founding implied to be "historic injustice which has caused many massacres and crimes carried out by the Zionist terror gangs"
Source: Official PA daily, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Nov. 4, 2015
: "The government inaugurates 20 projects worth over 7 million dollars in order to strengthen the resolve of Hebron residents"
"During its weekly meeting, held yesterday [Nov. 3, 2015] in Hebron, the [PA] government called for the UN Security Council and General Assembly to obligate Israel to remove the outposts in the Old City [of Jerusalem], to open the Al-Shuhada Road in Hebron, and to allow Palestinian security forces to spread out in the region in order to provide the civilians with protection from the settlers' attacks and crimes… The government emphasized that the resolve of our people in Hebron and the great sacrifices the district's residents have made… have caused the Israeli government to launch a revenge attack, which has caused the death of 29 Martyrs from the district during the popular uprising, who saturated the Palestinian ground with their pure blood…The government listened to a report by Hebron district Governor Kamel Hami about the settler attack against the district and the violations being perpetrated by the occupation forces and gangs of settlers. He expressed appreciation of the fact that the president [Abbas] and prime minister [Hamdallah] are making sure they receive all of the Martyrs' bodies [from Israel] and bring them to burial with state funerals befitting them and their sacrifices… The government emphasized that even though 98 years have passed since the ominous Balfour Declaration, our people is still paying a heavy price with its land, its children's blood, and its daily suffering, and the international community still stands by helplessly in the face of the historic injustice which has caused many massacres and crimes carried out by the Zionist terror gangs, which has led to our people being uprooted from their homeland."
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Ratings and Reviews for Souper Fry
Apr 11 2016
Ettennae V. via Yelp
Perfect please for a tasty interesting lunch. Very clean. Can't wait to go again and try their quesadillas. Place has good flow of customers. Owners...read more
Feb 21 2016
Chaz P. via Yelp
Looking for a good local take out place we tried tis establishment. The sandwiches were tsty ut the fries were way overdone and soggy Nothing could save...read more
Feb 09 2016
Christian B. via Yelp
I was in the area again and stopped by to give this spot another try. This time I ordered the Jack & Boone wrapinis and an order of reg fries. I got honey...read more
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