text: CI 3:57 Nc ' ~ ry NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT R. BRUCE ETHERIDGE, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Jasper L. Stuckey, State Geologist Bulletin Number 57 GEOLOGY AND PRELIMINARY ORE DRESSING STUDIES OF THE CAROLINA BARITE BELT By E. C. VAN HORN J. R. LeGRAND and L. L. McMURRAY Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority, the South Carolina Research, Planning and Development Board, 'and the North Carolina State College Minerals Research Laboratory RALEIGH 1949 NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT R. BRUCE ETHERIDGE, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Jasper L Stuckey, State Geologist Bulletin Number 57 GEOLOGY AND PRELIMINARY ORE DRESSING STUDIES OF THE CAROLINA BARITE BELT > By E. C. VAN HORN J. R. LeGRAND and L L. McMURRAY Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority, the South Carolina Research, Planning and Development Board, and the North Carolina State College Minerals Research Laboratory RALEIGH 1949 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT W. Kerr Scott, Chairman Raleigh J . L. Home Rocky Mount Charles S. Allen Durham Oscar P. Breece Fayette ville J. Wilbur Bunn Raleigh K. Clyde Council Wananish W. J. Damtoft Asheville Percy B. Ferebee Andrews George W. Gillette Wilmington A. H. Guion Charlotte W. Roy Hampton Plymouth R. W. Proctor Marion Eric Rodgers Scotland Neck Miles J. Smith Salisbury D. M. Stafford Pamona A. K. Winget Albemarle R. Bruce Etheridge, Director II LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, North Carolina March 7, 1949 To His Excellency, Hon. W. Kerr Scott, Trovemor of North Carolina. Sir i I have the honor to submit herewith, as Bulletin 57, a report "Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies of the Carolina Barite Belt." Barite is an important mineral in which there is an increasing interest. This report indicates that the barite deposits of the Carolina barite belt may contain reserves of economic impor- tance. It is hoped that the information presented may be of value to those interested in developing the deposits. Respectfully submitted, R. Bruce Etheridge, Director. Ill CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Location 1 Past and present investigations 2 Geology 4 Rock formations 4 Bessemer granite 4 Battleground schist 4 Roan gneiss 5 Diabase dikes 5 Quartz-sericite schist 5 Structure 6 Barite Deposits 7 Occurrence and origin 7 History of development 9 Economic possibilities 9 Mines and prospects 10 All Healing Springs 10 Lawton Property 10 Craig Property 12 "Chimney" Place 12 Wells Property 12 Wyatt Mine 13 Piedmont Springs Locality 13 Kings Creek Locality 13 John Childers Place 16 Lavender Place 16 Frank Earl Property 17 Martin Place 17 Sams Place 17 Mt. Ararat Church Locality 17 Laboratory investigations 18 Identification and analysis of samples 18 Concentration 19 Conclusions 25 Map : Carolina Barite Belt Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies of the Carolina Barite Belt By E. C. Van Horn, 1 J. E. LeGrand, 2 and L. L. McMurray 3 INTRODUCTION This investigation was a cooperative program of field geology and ore dressing studies set up for the summer of 1947 by the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, the South Carolina Research, Planning and Development Board, and the Regional Minerals Section of the TVA Division of Chemical Engineering. The purposes of the program were to determine whether or not the barite deposits of the Carolina belt were of sufficient extent and quality to be of interest to a pro- ducing and marketing organization, and to determine what method or methods of beneficiation would be most satisfactory for producing marketable barite concentrates. All work was under the general direction of Dr. B. F. Buie of the South Carolina Research, Planning and Development Board, Dr. J. L. Stuckey, North Carolina State Geologist, and Mr. H. S. Rankin, Head, Regional Minerals Section, Division of Chemical Engineering, TVA. Messrs. T. G. Murdock, Assistant State Geologist of North Carolina, and C. E. Hunter, Geogolist, TVA, acted in advisory capacities. Earl C. Van Horn, Geologist, TVA, was in charge of work in the field, aided by student assistants, Richard Brasington and Henry Bell, III, of the University of South Carolina, and E. E. Jones of North Carolina State Col- lege. Beneficiation work at the North Carolina State College Minerals Research Laboratory was done by J. R. LeGrand, Mining Engineer, under the direction of L. L. McMurray, Chief Engineer. Location Barite deposits are situated along a narrow, irregular belt which begins on the northeast slope of Crowder's Mountain, four 1 Geologist, Tennessee Valley Authority. 2 Mining Engineer, Minerals Research Laboratory, North Carolina State College. 31 Chief Engineer, Minerals Research Laboratory, North Carolina State College. 1 i 2 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies miles east of the town of Kings Mountain, North Carolina, and extends southwestward through the Kings Mountain Parks and the Station of Kings Creek, South Carolina, to near the junction of South Carolina Highways No. 103 and No. 105, about five miles southeast of Gaifney, South Carolina. The belt of barite occurrences lies immediately east of the well known Carolina tin-spodumene belt, and includes part of Gaston and Cleveland Counties, North Carolina, and York and Cherokee Counties, South Carolina. Past and Present Investigations Pratt 4 visited the Crowders Mountain locality in 1901, noting briefly the general geology and describing the workings as they appeared at that time. Pratt described the barite as occurring in lenses, seams and "so-called veins" in "micaceous, argillaceous schist." He concluded that "the barytes very probably repre- sents the filling of fissures and crevices in the schist which (the fissures) may have been caused by the faulting and tearing apart of the schist. . . . These lenticular veins may be found to be many hundreds of feet in depth and then connected by a thin seam of barytes to another (lenticular vein)." Associated galena and sphalerite were observed but the presence of calcite was not mentioned. Probably the most complete study of the Carolina Barite Belt was made by Keith in conjunction with work on the Gaffney- Kings Mountain folio. 5 Keith reported that "The (barite) de- posits occur in white, bluish, or mottled quartz-sericite schist. The barite occurs in veins or elongated lenticular masses in- closed in the schist, generally about parallel with the planes of schistosity. The veins worked are generally two feet in width, but smaller veins and seams cut across the bedding in many places around the larger deposits. The veins contain scattered inclusions or sheets of wall rock ranging from a small fraction of an inch to several inches thick. . . . The veins are for the most part in the Battleground schist near the contact with the Bes- semer granite, but some are also found in schistose parts of the granite." Mention was not made of the possible origin of the barite. 4 Pratt, J. H., The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1901: North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey, Econ. Paper No. 6, pp. 62-65, 1902. 5 Keith, Arthur, U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Gaffney-Kings Mountain folio (No. 222), 1931. of the Carolina Barite Belt 3 Keith's geologic map shows barite deposits in association with four separate formations: the Bessemer granite, a fine-grained muscovite biotite granite that has been strongly metamorphosed to sericite schist in places, the Battleground schist, a light to dark sericite schist having manganese schist and quartzite phases, the Roan gneiss, chiefly a hornblendic schist or gneiss, and a series of fine-grained diabase dikes. Stuckey investigated the origin of the Carolina barite, and after confirming previous description of the shape, extent, and attitude of the barite masses, he compared them with barite deposits in Virginia. Stuckey 6 concluded that "Mineralization took place along planes of cleavage through the agency of hot solutions of hypo- gene origin. . . . The position of the veins~with respect to the schistosity of the enclosing rocks makes it appear that they (barite veins) were formed after the last great period of meta- morphism which was probably in the late Paleozoic. Mineraliza- tion is thought to have been brought about by hot solutions which came up from below and found lines of ingress along the most prominent cleavage planes." Field work, done during the months of July and August, 194:7, consisted of geologic reconnaissance over an area bounded roughly by Shelby, Lincolnton, and Gastonia in North Carolina, and Clover, York, Pacolet, and Cowpens in South Carolina, and of more detailed examinations of some 400 barite occurrences in a belt 24 miles long and two miles wide. Reconnaissance was directed principally toward a search for barite occurrences outside previously known localities, and toward a delimiting of barite occurrences to a specific lithologic unit or series. The work on specific barite deposits involved studies of form, size, quality and lithology of the barite bodies, and collections of samples for use in the laboratory. Barite beneficiation studies were made at the North Carolina State College Minerals Re- search Laboratory at Asheville, North Carolina. This work included grinding and flotation batch tests on representative material from more than 2,000 pounds of field samples to deter- mine the effect of various types of grinds on barite liberation, the relative effectiveness of various flotation reagents, and the susceptibility of the ores to gravity concentration. All tests were controlled by chemical anatyses. 6 Stuckey, J. L. and Davis, H. T., Barite Deposits of North Carolina Amer. Inst. Min. Met. Eng., Trans., vol. 115, 1935. i 4 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies GEOLOGY Although the time available for areal geologic work on the present study did not permit a thorough evaluation of Keith's geologic mapping and interpretation, the general information set forth in the Gaffney-Kings Mountain folio 7 proved to be satisfactory as a base for additional work. Certain limitations were apparent from the beginning, principally in regard to structural details and to an indistinctness of formational con- tacts in the field resulting from gradation of lithology and meta- inorphism. It now seems probable that some of Keith's separate formations are related genetically. In the approach to an eval- uation of the barite deposits, however, Keith's geology is utilized with few qualifications. Rock Formations Bessemer Granite The Bessemer granite, lying east of the barite zone, is marked by distinctly metamorphic characteristics. In some places the rock has the appearance of a slightly schistose, medium-to- coarse-grained muscovite-biotite granite. More commonly it is a quartz-muscovite-biotite granite gneiss having irregular zones of fine-grained sericite schist and coarse-grained, dark, quartz- mica schist. It is possible that much of the formation repre- sents originally sedimentary rocks which were not digested by the invading granite mass. Small and large quartz veins are distributed throughout the formation, and aplite dikes are com- mon near the eastern limits. Battleground Schist The Battleground schist, which lies west of the barite zone, is principally sericite schist and mica schist with colors ranging from white through silver, bluish, and brownish to black. Also contained are quartzose and conglomerate beds, manganese schist, and certain schistose beds of angular fragments which Keith called volcanic tuff. Magnetite is an important constitu- ent of the Battleground schist, and specular hematite may be seen in places, especially at Spears Spring, 1.1 miles southeast of Kings Mountain Pinnacle. An unusual mineral occurrence in Keith, Arthur, Op. cit. of the Carolina Barite Belt 5 the Battleground schist is in the barn lot of a house on the southeast side of a dirt road, 0.8 mile northeast of Mount Ararat Church and 6.2 miles ESE of Gaffney, South Carolina. In an outcropping quartz vain, about 15 feet wide and 40 feet long, aggregates of soft, blue pyrophyllite occur as pseudemorphs after kyanite, forming about 10 per cent of the vein material. This occurrence lies very near the barite zone. Roan Gneiss The Roan gneiss of Keith's geologic map is associated with the barite zone south of Kings Creek where, according to Keith, the gneiss is injected by the Bessemer granite. In the field it appears more as if the granite had been injected by the Roan gneiss, as narrow zones of fine-to-medium-grained hornblendic schist and feldspathic hornblende gneiss are surrounded by the more prolific granite gneiss and zericite schist of the Bessemer formation. Actually, hornblendic rocks have not been found nearer than about one-half mile from a barite occurrence, and it is doubtful that the two are related in any way since meta- morphic structures indicate that the barite is far younger than the hornblendic rocks. Diabase Dikes Diabase dikes, up to 20 feet thick, cut across all other forma- tions in the Gaffney-Kings Mountain area. These vertical dikes strike northwest, crossing at right angles the strike trend of older rocks. Probably they occur along fissure- joints which were opened and injected during the Triassic period. Mineralogically the rock seems predominantly olivine, but the texture is so fine that identification of other minerals is problematical. Keith lists labradorite, augite, olivine, magnetite, chlorite, and pyrite. s Contact metamorphism of adjacent rocks has not been noted, and the writer doubts that the diabase is related to the barite deposits. Quartz- Sericite Schist All known barite deposits of the Carolina Belt are associated with a more or less silicious sericite schist which occurs alternately Keith, Arthur, Op. cit. i 6 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies on either side of Keith's mapped contact of the Bessemer granite and the Battleground schist. The sericite schist is light-colored and fine-to-medium grained. It ranges in outcrop width from a few feet to more than 1,100 feet, and is not present everywhere along the strike. An intense foliation characterizes the schist in all instances, and sharp contacts with other rock types are not seen. Common variations in lithology include dense silicic phases in the vicinity of the Lawton property, east of Kings Mountain, and light-green chlorite schist phases around Kings Creek, South Carolina. In addition, a dense, gray, calcareous schist or micaceous marble has been found on dumps of the main underground workings immediately behind the grinding plant at Kings Creek. It is reported that this rock, which contains many magnetite crystals, was encountered underground as a bedded formation, about 5 feet thick, within the sericite schist. The bed was said to have been discovered where a vein of barite ended abruptly. Similar rock types have not been reported in any of the other workings in the barite belt ; neither has the rock been seen in other dumps, or in place. In those localities where barite has been observed, the quartz- sericite schist exhibits characteristic "filled" appearance, similar to that of fine-grained migmatites, which is not apparent in other sericite schists of the Bessemer granite and the Battle- ground schist. This "filling" is caused by the presence of par- ticles or clusters of either barite or quartz, or a combination of both, and the condition has been of substantial assistance in recognizing the barite-bearing type of sericite schist. It should be emphasized that barite is contained in the schist only inter- mittently, as are varying, sometimes great, quantities of quartz. The quartz is most abundant in those localities where barite is not apparent. Other important accessory minerals in the seri- cite schist include feldspar, muscovite, biotite, chlorite, tourma- line, and magnetite. Structure Keith's folio 9 shows the structure of the area as a complex sys- tem of folds, usually overturned toward the northwest. Numer- ous thrust faults have been inferred by Keith in order to adjust mapped units to a formal time scale. Dips and strikes vary* 9 Keith, Arthur, Op. Cit. of the Carolina Barite Belt 7 widely from place to place in the area. In the northern portion, near Kings Mountain, the strike is nearly north-south and west- erly dips predominate, while in the southern portion, near GafF- ney, strikes are more northeast-southwest, and dips are generally southeast. The barite zone has an average strike and dip of N45°E, 60°$E. Actual bedding structures everywhere are sub- dued by a secondary foliation which constitutes a regional schis- tosity. Even the most quartzose rocks are affected and any de- gree of incompetence is emphasized. Between Crowders Mountain and Kings Creek, minor folds affect only slightly the strike trend of the barite zone from one individual deposit to another, but between Kings Creek and the Lavender property, south of Blacksburg, the barite-bearing sericite schist follows two broad folds which give an initial im- pression that the barite zone has been offset nearly three miles toward the northwest. Because of deceptive foliation, these broad folds are difficult to trace with any but the most detailed geologic inspection. Local structures of the barite-bearing schist are similar to those usually found in other metamorphic rocks of the southern Appalachians. Joint systems in the schist are of small apparent importance, since most of the stress has been taken up along planes of foliation. Small faults are not observed readily, but it is reported that faults were of importance in the Kings Creek mines where veins of barite commonly were offset from 2 feet to 10 feet or more. Lineations other than slickensides are faint. Fold axes in barite workings have been measured occasionally, but plunges greater than 10 degrees were not found. At the Kings Creek mines, where exposures were the best, net plunges over a distance of several hundred feet usually were near zero. BARITE DEPOSITS Occurrence and Origin It has been pointed out that the barite occurs only in a zone of quartz-sericite schist which lies near the contact of Keith's Bessemer granite and Battleground schist. Within this zone the barite masses are sub-parallel to major foliation of the locality, although it is not unusual to see large veins cutting across all apparent foliation. 8 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing^ Studies Barite in the Carolina Belt has two forms, one always in asso- ciation with the other. That form which has received attention in the past is a vein type, either massive-granular or coarsely crystalline, appearing locally as a system of veins which over- lap and parallel one another en echelon along both strike and dip. Contacts between veins and wall rock are fairly distinct, although fragments of sericite schist are contained in the outer sections of veins. Zoning of mineral content or particle size has not been observed. Vein barite commonly is broken crosswise into blocks ranging from a few inches to the full thickness of the veins, but fractures similar to the foliation of the country rock are not present. Wall rock which contains vein barite also has small barite particles, or aggregates of particles, ranging in size from micro- scopic dimensions to an inch or more, disseminated throughout the rock and making up as much as 20 per cent of the mass;. It is believed that baritic portions of the schist are lenticular in shape, as are some barite veins, even though the barite content diminishes in directions away from vein concentrations. The disseminated form of barite has not been recognized fully in the past, although it is one of the most important features of the Carolina Barite Belt. Besides inclusions of sericite schist, the barite contains fine sericite and quartz. Other associated minerals are galena, spha-. lerite, and calcite in the Crowders Mountain locality, and sul- phides of iron and copper in the Kings Creek locality. The Lav- ender property, south of Blacksburg, shows abundant galena. Tourmaline, magnetite, and pale green chlorite have been found with barite all along the Carolina belt. The geology of the barite deposits of the Carolina belt is simi- lar to the geology of most other important mineral deposits of the southern Appalachian region. The barite probably is younger than the latest great period of dynamic metamorphism, and it appears to be controlled by fold axes and regional schistosity. It exhibits the same gradational contacts and has the same associa- tions of high or moderate temperature minerals as have most mineral deposits of the region. Core drill holes at Kings Creek have shown barite at depths of at least 250 feet in the same form as surface occurrences. Preliminar}^ studies of thin sections show that the barite replaces quartz and sericite, and that it also oc- curs as interstital fillings in the sericite schist. of the Carolina Barite Belt 9 It seems probable that the barite is the result of hydrothermal replacement and emplacement, brought about through the action of ascending solutions at the close of the last great period of metamorphism. History of Development Barite deposits have been prospected and mined sporadically in the Kings Mountain-Gaffney area at least since the early 1880's, but production has been an insignificant part of the total United States production. An exact history of the area is not available at this time, but it is believed that the first actual production of barite in the area was from open pits in the Kings Creek deposits of South Carolina. Simultaneously, or at a slightly later date, open pit operations furnished barite from the Lawton property at Crowder's Mountain. By 1900, shaft work was being done at the Lawton property as small veins were worked at depths of 80 feet or more. Around 1923-1924 the Bertha Mineral Company carried on development work consisting of deepening two shafts and driving a connecting drift. High mining cost and low value of the ore apparently were the factors which led to early aban- donment of the property. Prior to the later work on the Lawton property, The Cherokee Chemical Company began underground mining of barite at Kings Creek, South Carolina, producing ground barite at a mill constructed at the mine site. This prop- erty is now under the name of the Clinchfield Sand and Feldspar Company. During the past ten years, little barite has been produced from the Kings Creek mines, but the grinding plant has operated on barite imported from Tennessee. Indifferent prospecting has been attempted at scattered localities in the Caro- lina Barite Belt, mostly by individual land owners and tenants who wished to sell crude ore to the local mill, and attention was given only to small quantities of impure surface barite. Economic Possibilities Barite in the United States comes from Arkansas, Georgia, Missouri, and Tennessee, and from California, Nevada, North Carolina, and several other states. In 1946, the United States produced around 725,000 tons of barite, and imported some 275,000 tons from Canada and Mexico. The normal price rancre was from $6.00 to $35.00 per short ton, including both crude and ground barite. 10 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing* Studies There can be little doubt that flotation concentration is the key to successful development of the Carolina barite, and the ore seems to be naturally adaptable to that sort of processing. Disseminated barite constitutes the base material, with a high- grading effect contributed by large and small barite veins. It is believed that the ore could be removed by quarrying or strip- ping and that selective mining could be done by site location rather than by a special handling of the ore. Consequently, core drill exploration and sampling of deposits are required before mining and milling programs can be planned. The feasibility of the fundamental technology of floating the barite is reasonably certain. It only remains to prove definite tonnage reserves (by systematic exploration and sampling) , to set up marketing arrangements and to make specific designs for a commercial plant. It is possible that an existing plant can be adapted to handle barite production. Mines and Prospects All Healing Springs — Barite appears in two small pits, 2,000 feet apart, in the west bank of a black top road near the old settlement of All Healing Springs, 4.3 miles N88°E of Kings Mountain, North Carolina. The northernmost pit is 4,300 feet N20°E of Crowders Peak, and the southerly pit is 4,000 feet N31°E of Crowders Peak. These locations are shown in Keith's folio. 10 No new barite occurrences have been found near the locality, except for loose fragments which may have come from the existing pits, where veins up to 2 inches thick crop out in sericite schist. It would appear from the map as if the barite zone has a strike of about N20°W, but readings on the foliation aver- age N40°E. Lawton Property — Most of this property is owned in fee by the Bertha Mineral Company. It is located on the southeast side of Crowders Mountain, 4.3 miles ESE of Kings Mountain in Gaston County, North Carolina. The main barite zone is known to be 2,600 feet long, just crossing over the Bertha Mineral Com- pany property lines at each end. A single additional pit lies about 800 feet farther east of north, so that the north and south ex- tremities of the total known zone are respectively about 3,500 feet S33°E and 5,400 feet S70°E of Crowders Peak. This prop- 10 Keith, Arthur, Op. cit. of the Carolina Barite Belt 11 erty is described in the reports of both Pratt 11 and Keith. 12 The barite zone trends N1G°E and is fairly regular except at the north end, where either there are two barite horizons, about 400 feet apart, or else a single horizon widens considerably. Here six pits show barite east of the main zone, about 950' feet north- east of the No. 1 shaft. Barite at the Lawton property first was found as surface float. Some 75 different surface pits were worked by hand, going down until ground water was encountered or until pit walls failed to hold without support. It is probable that the lengths of individual pits or trenches reflect the length of any single lentic- ular vein having a thickness as much as 4 inches. Pits show an en echelon pattern typical of barite lenses observed in other por- tions of the Carolina Belt. Later work involved the sinking of two shafts, 650 feet apart, to depths of about 200 feet, and the driving of a drift which followed a barite vein or series of veins until the two shafts were connected. It is reported that barite in the drift had an average thickness of 2 feet, and that the average BaS0 4 content of the barite was about 87 percent. All barite concentrates were prepared by hand cobbing the massive vein material. It is reported that attempts were made to jig and table the ore, but without success, and most of the barite seems to have gone on the dumps. It has been estimated roughly that an aggregate of the dumps totals 25,000 tons of. material containing 40 percent barite, all capable of being con- centrated by flotation to a good commercial barite. Much of the ore would consist of small fragments of vain barite mixed with sericite schist. Disseminated barite in the country rock appears to be sufficient to add materially to the grade of the ore. As- sociated minerals in the barite include magnetite, tourmaline, galena, sphalerite, sericite, chlorite, quartz, and pink and white calcite. Epidote also is present in more silicic phases of the seri- cite schist. In preparing a flotation concentrate, it is possible that by-products of sericite, galena, and sphalerite would have some value. The Lawton property requires a great deal of additional pros- pecting if the ore is considered for use in a flotation plant. Valuable information could be obtained by cross-cutting the seri- / cite schist zone with a number of trenches in order to determine 11 Pratt, J. H., Op. cit. 12 Keith, Arthur, Op. cit. 12 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing' Studies the extent of baritic schist and the quantity of barite veins. Core drill exploration would be of much greater value, especially if care were used in taking sludge samples in the overburden and if the work were controlled by chemical analysis of the samples. Craig Property — This property is very nearly an extension of the Lawton property, being one-half mile farther south. It is about 7,500 feet due south of Crowders Peak, and just northeast of a dirt road which connects Mountain View (Phillipsburg) and Trinity Church. Six rather large pits and trenches have been dug in sericite schist along a strip 1,000 feet long and 200 feet wide. The enclosing schist is baritic, and vein barite seems to be of good quality. The pits do not seem to be very deep since dump material does not appear in large quantity. It is entirely possible that deeper prospecting would show additional barite ore, possibly extending northward to the Lawton property and southward to the "Chimney" property. "Chimney" Place — Approximately 30 pits and trenches show barite for a strike length of about 1,200 feet and a width up to 400 feet. In addition, two pits are situated 1,000 feet farther south, just across a small creek. The property is an extension of the Craig property, being about 2,000 feet farther south, and begins 1,500 feet south of the Mountain View road. Only the pits on the south side of South Crowders Creek are indicated on Keith's map. As in the deposits described above, rock outcrops do not show and information is available only from dumps and from the trends of older works. Most of the pits are less than 10 feet deep, but there is a total of at least 1,000 tons of dump material which could be obtained easily for concentration. A great deal of quartz and sericite and very small amounts of galena may be seen in association with the ore. The quantity of disseminated barite in the sericite schist is not known. Initial prospecting by cross-cutting trenches would allow a more ac- curate evaluation of the deposits. Wells Property — For a distance of four miles southwest of the "Chimney" property, barite has not been observed until nearly at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line. Here a barite zone about 1,000 feet long and probably less than 100 feet wide is centered on latitude 81°10'N, 1,200 feet north of the state line and 3,000 feet inside Cleveland County from the Gaston County line. Twelve pits and trenches show at the present time, of the Carolina Barite Belt 13 the deepest ones being about 10 feet deep. The amount of dump material is not large, indicating that extensive work has not been done in the past. This probably was the location that Keith intended to show as location 2 on his geologic map. 13 It is reported that several truck loads of hand cobbed barite were hauled to the Kings Creek, South Carolina plant. Accessory minerals other than quartz and sericite were not observed. Wyatt Mine — Is is reported that Mr. Emmet Wyatt, of Kings Creek, South Carolina, mined barite from this property on con- tract and supplied the Kings Creek mill with about two car- loads of hand cobbed ore. The property is situated in Kings Mountain State Park, York County, South Carolina, 1.6 miles S65°W from the Cleveland County-Gaston County corner on the North Carolina state line, and 3,800 feet due south of the North Carolina-South Carolina line. Barite was removed from five surface pits, but the largest production was from a shaft about 60 feet deep. Barite on the dumps is more silicious than usual, and the few available outcrops of sericite schist also have a high quartz content. Piedmont Springs Locality — Barite occurs intermittently for a distance of 1.3 miles along a strip three -fourths mile northwest of Piedmont Springs, in York and Cherokee Counties, South Carolina. Beginning at latitude 81°05'N, longitude 35°25'W, the strip extends nearly due east to the county line and then- turns NNE. All the shallow pits seem very old and are over- grown with trees and brush. The southeast end of the strip probably includes the Dan Sanders place which reportedly was prospected by the Cherokee Chemical Company. The dumps contain mostly fine-grained sericite schist, with very little barite showing either as vein or disseminated material. Kings Creek Locality — The most productive barite zone of the entire Carolina Barite Belt is at Kings Creek, Cherokee County, South Carolina. Pits, trenches, underground workings, 'and outcrops of vein barite and barite sericite schist are located at close intervals over an area 3,000 feet long and as much as 1,100 feet wide. Specifically, it extends from the railroad siding of the Clinchfield Sand and Feldspar Company's barite grinding plant on the northwest side to 300 feet beyond the southeast end of the Kingsville and Marion Railroad trestle, southeast of 13 Keith, Arthur, Op. cit. 14 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies Kings Creek, and from 300 feet southwest of the large bend in South Carolina Highway No. 5, southwest of Kings Creek, to a line 1,100 feet northeast of the barite mill. One additional pros- pect, outside this area, lies 0.7 mile northeast of the grinding plant. The strike trend of the baritic sericite schist is N45°E. One reason for the extensive work on barite at Kings Creek is that overburden generally is not deep and barite crops out at the surface in many places. These conditions encouraged origi- nal surface mining and additional barite was discovered as the surface working became more numerous and were transformed to entries for underground mining. In the later stages of in- tensive development, about twenty core holes were drilled in search of larger veins. Most of these core holes were drilled on the up-dip side of the richer barite horizons, and were usually two shallow to be of much value. Core records have not been preserved, but it is reported that one hole intercepted a 2-foot barite vein at a depth of 250 feet. Parts of this core were ex- amined by the writer and found to be similar in all respects to surface barite. Cores showing disseminated barite in sericite schist were not available. The Kings Creek locality has more than 200 individual pros- pect and mine openings, parts or all of which are still accessible for inspection at the entries. Many of the openings are too small to have significance in regard to past production, although they are of value in appraising the extent of barite mineralization. Of these many openings, the bulk of the Kings Creek barite pro- duction in the past has come from five main groups. Except for scavanger work, none of the separate groups were in production simultaneously, but each was begun when the previous group had been abandoned. The Big Incline was the second largest producer and the first mine worked. It is situated immediately behind (southeast of) the grinding plant. The work started as a surface stripping opera- tion on a hill which sloped toward a small stream. It is reported that a sheet-like barite vein, from 2 to 6 feet thick, lay on the dip slope of the hill under 8 feet of overburden for a strike distance of more than 100 feet. After this surface barite had been removed, the small stream was diverted through a flume so that inclines could be started southeast along the dip of the ^in. The underground work ultimately reached a depth of of the Carolina Barite Belt 15 about 200 feet along a 30 degree slope, with lateral workings supported by ore pillars. All these openings are now flooded. A second group of workings, located about 1,000 feet north- east of the grinding plant, include a number of individual sur- face pits and inclined drifts over an area of about one acre. The barite occurred as veins from 4 inches to 4 feet thick, in several different horizons, with dips averaging less than 30 degrees toward the southeast. Aggregate production was the greatest of any of the five groups. The West Hill Mine is a combination open-cut and under- ground mine situated 700 feet southwest of the grinding plant. The general outline of the working is elliptical, with maximum dimensions 250 feet long by 90 feet wide. A series of barite veins were encountered, the main one being at least 8 feet thick. Average dip was nearly zero and the veins had a 10 degree plunge to the northeast. It is probable that the ore occurs on or near the crest of an anticline or on the bench of a monocline. Initial work seems to have been done in an open cut, and under- ground mining was done later when several entries were made into the side of the hill. Hand cobbed barite was delivered to the grinding plant by truck. The Old Highway Mine lies at the southwest end of the barite zone, southwest of the large curve on Highway No. 5, 1 ,800 feet southwest of the grinding plant. A small incline leads into a low room where sheet mining has followed a 15 -inch barite vein over a width of about 35 feet and a length of prob- ably 150 feet. The vein, which has an average dip approaching zero, plunges 10-15 degrees northeast in the forepart of the mine but the plunge diminishes to near zero at the northeast end. At the southeast side of the underground working, the vein seems to begin dipping southeast, and an outcrop at the surface indi- cates a 30 degree dip within 15 feet of the mined portion. Wall rocks contain many small veins as well as disseminated barite. The most recent work at Kings Creek centered 800 feet slightly south of east from the grinding plant. Inclined drifts followed barite veins which were reported to be as much as 12 feet thick. All of these workings are now flooded and are not accessible for inspection. Reasons for the abandonment of each working are obscure. In some instances the mines were flooded and attempts were not made to resume operations. Work was halted in other places 16 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies when the veins thinned out appreciably. The key to mine aban- donment possibly lies in the fact that mining has been done by individuals on contract, payments being made on a tonnage basis. Naturally the easiest mining was done first and a great deal of time was spent in reworking dump material. It seems that wide variations of grade were allowed, as the BaS0 4 con- tent of the ground barite ranged from 65 percent to 90 percent, but even this incentive was not enough to keep the mines going. Barite reserves at Kings Creek are more readily estimated than at any other locality in the Carolina Belt, but additional prospecting will have to be done before any degree of accuracy can be applied. Bough estimates indicate that the Kings Creek locality has at least 30,000 cubic yards of ore in easily accessible dumps, representing a BaS0 4 content of possibly 30,000 tons. Reserves in place should exceed 400,000 tons of ore containing a total of 33 percent BaS0 4 . These estimates take into con- sideration the disseminated barite contained in sericite schist wall rock. The above figures should be taken as indicative only. Possibly by-products from the Kings Creek ore would include sericite, galena, and quartz. The barite grinding plant at Kings Creek has a capacity of about 2 tons per hour. Primary crushing is done in a hand-fed jaw crusher, and is followed by secondary crushing in a single set of rolls. The barite passes through a direct oil-fired rotary dryer and is fed to a Raymond roll mill which is in closed circuit with an air separator. Bagging is done through an open tube which has a sheet cut-off. John Childers Place — Fragments of barite have been found in the residuum of a sericite schist on the west side of jBells Branch, 0.9 mile N80°E from New Hopewell Church and 1.0 mile N50°E of Jefferson Mountain, Cherokee County, South Carolina, on the estate of the late John Childers. No signs of prospecting were observed. Lavender Place — Barite occurs on what might be called Ninety Nine Island Creek, in Cherokee County, South Carolina, 1.1 miles N49° W of Ninety Nine Island School, 8.2 miles east of Gaffney, South Carolina. Mineral rights are under lease to Mr. C. W. Watkins, Route 5, Hendersonville, North Carolina. It is reported that about five cars of barite was removed from an inclined drift in the northeast bank of the creek. No other of the Carolina Barite Belt 17 openings have been made at the locality. The mine dumps con- tain an estimated 250 tons of baritic rock, and the mine opening has been refilled with waste material, possibly during a period of hand-sorting from the dump. The barite is relatively free from quartz, but galena is present in quantities such that it might be a valuable by-product if the property is exploited in the future. Frank Earl Property — Mr. Frank Earl now owns and oc- cupies this property which lies immediately southwest of the Lavender property, on the northeast side of a paved road lead- ing to Ninety Nine Island Dam. Narrow trenches and inclined drifts have been opened along a zone of sericite schist which probably is less than 50 feet thick. The main barite vein ap- parently was about two feet thick. It is reported that this ma- terial was used in the glass industry, but there is no information as to the amount of barite produced. Martin Place — Fragments of barite were found near a three- foot pit on the Martin place, 1.3 miles west of Ninety Nine Island School. No other indications of barite appear in the vicinity. Sams Place — A string of eight small pits is located in the south side of London Creek, 2.8 miles east of Draytonville School. Outcrops indicate that the sericite schist is only a few feet thick and that it contains more disseminated quartz than barite. Vein type barite contains more quartz than at airy other locality observed in the Carolina Belt. All workings on the Sams place seem to have been made for prospecting alone, and it is doubtful that much barite has been shipped from the property. Mt. Ararat Church Locality — The southernmost barite occur- rence observed in the Carolina Belt is 50 feet north of South Carolina Highway No. 3, 0.7 mile west of Mt. Ararat Church, and 1.6 road miles southeast of Draytonville School. Blocks of rather pure barite may be found around a shallow depression in a pine thicket. It is reported that several carloads of barite were extracted from an open cut, but present appearances do not reflect an operation of that size. Her State Lfcrary 18 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressings Studies LABOKATORY INVESTIGATIONS The following laboratory report is an appraisal of the ore dressing aspects of barite ores occurring in the Carolina Barite Belt of North and South Carolina. It was prepared as a supple- ment to the field investigation, and as an aid in the evaluation of the deposits. Identification and Analysis of Samples Sample Number Location and Description 254- 1 West Hill Mine, Kings Creek, South Carolina. Channel sample of main orebody. Vein barite more than three inches thick and badly stained material not included. Barite-quartz-sericite schist. Barite occurs in lens-shaped masses from upwards of three inches thick, grading down to very thin streaks. The barite is of high quality, free from contained rock, and predominatly light colored. Contains an estimated 45 percent barite. Quartz occurs in lenses similar to the barite. The schist is in bands surrounding the barite and quartz. 254- 2 Same as Sample 254-1, except taken from badly stained area. Barite is iron stained. 264 Predominantly sericite schist low in barite. Barite megascopically unobservable. Moderate amount of iron staining. 286-12 Dump of Shaft No. 1, Lawton property. 286-13 Composite from upper dumps NE of creek and SW of Shaft No. 1, Lawton property. 286-14 Composite from intermediate dumps NE of creek and SW of Shaft No. 1, Lawton property. 286-15 Composite from lower dumps NE of creek and SW of Shaft No. 1, Lawton property. 286-16 Composite from dump of Shaft No. 2 and dumps immediately SW of creek, Lawton property. 286-17 Composite from dumps on top of hill SW of creek, Lawton property. 286-18 Dump of Old Highway Mine, Kings Creek, South Carolina. 286-19 Dump of West Hill Mine, Kings Creek, South Carolina. Samples 286-12 through 286-19 varied from medium weathered and slightly stained to highly weathered and highly stained. Sample Number BaSO* SiO a Fe 2 3 ALOs R2O3 254- 1 43.2 49.0 0.27 4.73 254- 2 44.5 18.7 0.47 3.63 264 5.5 71.1 1.4 286-12 60.3 27.5 7.5 286-13 37.8 41.5 14.6 286-14 51.0 29.6 12.1 286-15 58.6 30.0 7.8 286-16 36.8 45.8 10.4 286-17 23.5 47.7 18.7 286-18 31.8 54.0 9.3 286-19 30.8 55.9 8.6 of the Carolina Barite Belt 19 Con centeation A preliminary inspection indicated that flotation concentration appeared to be the onty concentration method applicable. From observing the ore and making rough separations of the lumps by specific gravity, it appeared that a possibility for coarse concen- tration existed to a limited extent. Roughly 15 percent to 20 percent of the ore could be rejected as tails without appreciable loss of barite. An insufficient quantity of ore was available to make jigging or tabling tests to estimate the pre-flotation re- jection which could be made. On an ore which was prepared by mixing sample 254-1 and 26-1 in a ratio of 3 to 1, there appeared a distinct possibility of rejecting up to 50 percent of the feed which would be low in barite. In order to prepare a high quality concentrate, flotation is required, probably even on jig concentrates, due to the lack of liberation at sizes above 10 mesh. Since samples 286-12 through 286-19 are dump samples, t he- results herein presented are indicative only to the recovery that could be expected when using barite from old dumps, overburden, or from highly weathered rock. In order to prevent excessive sliming, these samples were ground to a 150 mesh minimum size before flotation. Samples 286-12 through 286-17 were deslimed on 325 mesh between primary crushing and rod-milling. However, from ex- perience gained, it is believed that this is not necessary for the less weathered samples. In test No. 17 on sample 254-1 a pebble mill grind was used to avoid iron contamination in grinding. All other tests utilized a rod mill. Initial studies were made to determine the point of liberation and the effect of various grinds on the flotation results. Grinds with the following screen analysis were used in tests on samples 254-1, 254-2, and 264. 20 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing* Studies Minus 28 Mesh Grind Concentrate Middlings Tailings Screen Percent Weight Percent Weight Percent Weight + 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 + 60 0.5 0.8 0.1 +100 10.7 9.4 6.3 + 200 38.3 20.8 20.3 +325 13.7 9.7 21.3 —325 36.8 59.3 51.8 Minus 150 Mesh Grind + 150 + 200 +325 —325 0.0 14.7 18.2 67.1 0.0 6.7 15.5 0.0 24.6 30.0 45.4 +200 + 325 —325 97 Percent Minus 325 Mesh o.o 1.3 98.7 0.0 2.2 97.8 1.5 4.5 94.0 The flotation results on Samples 254-1, 254-2, 3 to 1 mixture of 254-1 and 264, and samples 286-12 through. 286-19 are shown as f oIIoavs : Sample No. 254-1 Minus 28 Mesh Grind (Test No. 17) Feed: 600 gras — 8 Mesh ore ground 1 minute at 35 percent solids in pebble mill with 1.0 lb./T sodium meta-silicate. Procedure: Feed transferred direct to cell and conditioned 30 seconds at 20 percent solids with reagents (1) below. Floated 2 minutes. Machine discharge conditioned 30 seconds with reagents (2) below and floated 3 minutes. Froth cleaned 3 times with cleaner reagents (3) below. Reagents: (1) (2) (3) Results : lb./T lb./T lb./T lb./T lb./T Cleaner — 1.0 cleaner. 0.15 0.17 1.0 0.77 0.17 Amyl Kanthate Aero-float 31 Sodium meta-silicate (in grind). Oleic acid Pine oil lb./T Sodium meta-silicate Percent Weight Product FP-1 sulphides 6.5 Barite cone 41.4 Middlings 1, 2 & 3 .. 8.8 Tailings 43.3 Specific Gravity 4.41 3.19 2.78 Percent BaS04 94.8 33.3 5.7 Percent Fe203 Percent BaSO* Recovery 0.04 0.24 89.0 in each Calculated Plant Recovery 94.8 of the Carolina Barite Belt 21 Sample No. 254-1 Minus 150 Mesh Grind (Test No. 22) Feed: 600 gms — 8 Mesh ore ground 10 minutes at 35 percent solids in rod mill with 1.0 lb./T sodium silicate. Procedure: As Test No. 17 except omitted sulphide float and used following reagents. Cleaned froth 2 times. Reagents: (2) 0.61 lb./T Oleic acid 0.17 lb./T Pine oil 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate (in grind) Results : Percent Calculated Percent Percent BaSO* Plant Product Weight BaS04 Recovery Recovery Barite concentrate 45.2 96.1 91.7 94.7 Middlings 1 & 2 26.0 5.8 Tailings 28.8 9.0 Sample No. 254-1 Minus 28 Mesh Grind (Test No. 25) Feed: As Test No. 22, except ground V/2 minutes in rod mill. Procedure: As Test No. 22, except used following reagents. Reagents: (1) 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate (in grind) (2) 0.84 lb./T Oleic acid 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate 0.17 lb./T Pine oil (3) 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate in each cleaner. Results: Percent Calculated Percent Percent BaSO* Plant Product Weight BaSO* Recovery Recovery Barite concentrate 42.6 94.0 91.0 96.1 Middlings 1 & 2 11.9 20.1 Tailings 45.4 3.8 Sample No. 254-2 Minus 150 Mesh Grind (Test No. 24) Feed: As Test No. 22 Procedure: As Test No. 22, except used the following reagents. Reagents: (1) 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate (in grind) (2) 0.77 lb./T Oleic acid 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate 0.17 lb./T Pine oil (3) Cleaner — 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate in each cleaner. Results: Percent Calculated Percent Percent BaSO* Plant Product Weight BaSO* Recovery Recovery Barite concentrate 44.4 95.7 94.8 9S.0 Middlings 1 & 2 22.4 7.4 Tailings 33.3 2.6 22 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies Samples No. 254-1 and No. 264 (3 to 1 mixture. Contains a! calculated 34.2% BaSOO Minus 28 Mesh Grind (Test No. 29) Feed: As Test No. 25 Procedure: As Test No. 22, except used following reagents. Reagents: (l) 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate (in grind) (2) 0.61 lb./T Oleic acid 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate 0.17 lb./T Pine oil (3) 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate in each cleaner. Results : Percent Calculated Percent Percent BaSO* Plant Product Weight BaS04 Recovery Recovery Barite concentrate 35.9 94.3 88.6 96.0 Middlings 1 & 2 9.6 30.9 Tailings 54.5 2.9 Samples No. 254-1 and No. 264 (3 to 1 mixture) Minus 28 Mesh Grind (Test No. 30) Feed: As Test No. 25 Procedure: As Test No. 22, except for reagents listed below Reagents: (1) 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate (in grind) (2) 0.46 lb./T Oleic acid 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate 0.17 lb./T Pine oil (3) 1.0 lb./T Sodium meta-silicate in each cleaner. Results: Percent Calculated Percent Percent BaS04 Plant Product Weight BaS04 Recovery Recovery Barite concentrate 32.2 96.3 83.0 96.3 Middlings 1 & 2 :.11.7 45.0 Tailings 55.9 2.6 One of the main objectives was to produce a product that would meet specifications for most of the commercial users. In this connection, tests were run on the various ores to reduce the iron content of the concentrate as much as possible. The following results were obtained : Percent Type Type Fe203 Test No. Sample Iron Removal Grind Concentrate 17 254-1 Sulphide float Pebble mill 0.04 27 254-1 None Pebble mill 0.08 28 254-2 None Pebble mill 0.19 29 Mixed 254-1 & None Rod mill 0.10 264 Samples 286-12 through 286-19 The test procedure for these samples differs from the above only in samples 286-12 through 286-17 were deslimed on 325 mesh before rod-milling, and the minimum rod mill grind was 150 mesh. Samples 286-18 and 286-19 were not deslimed before rod- milling. of the Carolina Barite Belt 23 The slime loss and percent BaS0 4 loss in the slimes for samples 286-12 through 286-17 are given below : Sample Number 286-12 286-13 286-14 286-15 286-16 286-17 Sample 286-12 Test No. 4 Test No. 6 Test No. 7 Sample 286-13 Test No. 8 Test No. 9 Test No. 10 Sample 286-14 Test No. 12 Test No. 13 Test No. 14 Sample 286-15 Test No. 15 Percent— 325 slime 12.5 15.8 24.5 18.0 17.1 24.5 Mesh of Percent Product Grind Weight Concentrate .... 20 53.2 Middlings 6.8 Tailings 25.8 Slime 14.2 Concentrate .... 65 56.4 Middlings 3.5 Tailings • 25.8 Slime 14.3 Concentrate ....150 54.1 Middlings 4.3 Tailings 26.8 Slime 14.8 Concentrate .... 20 29.9 Middlings 8.6 Tailings 40.6 Slime 20.9 Concentrate .... 65 30.2 Middlings 9.1 Tailings 38.9 Slime 21.8 Concentrate ....150 34.4 Middlings 7.1 Tailings 40.7 Slime 18.5 Concentrate .... 20 45.1 Middlings 2.5 Tailings 23.3 Slime 30.1 Concentrate .... 65 38.5 Middlings 6.2 Tailings 25.6 Slime 29.7 Concentrate ....150 44.7 Middlings 3.7 Tailings 24.2 Slime 17.4 Concentrate .... 20 53.6 Middlings 2.5 Tailings 24.4 Slime 19.5 Total percent BaSO* lost in slime 3.3 5.8 11.0 8.6 8.1 10.6 Percent BaSO* 97.4 45.1 5.9 16.2 ~98.6 31.7 3.6 16.2 97.9 31.6 3.9 16.2 98.4 68.5 2.8 14.0 99.0 74.1 3.3 14.0 98.3 24.0 3.5 14.0 98.6 47.9 4.3 22.9 99.4 74.3 6.9 22.9 99.1 45.5 5.9 22.9 98.2 60.9 2.7 28.1 Percent Recovery 85.8 92.1 87.9 78.0 79.6 89.4 89.9 75.5 86.9 89.9 Calculated Plant Recovery Percent 88.9 93.2 90.5 83.9 86.3 91.1 95.5 84.9 90.8 92.5 24 Geology and Preliminary Ore Dressing Studies Test No. 16 Test No. 17 Sample 286-16 Test No. 18 Test No. 19A Test No. 20 Sample 286-17 Test No. 21 Test No. 22 Test No. 23 Sample 286-18 Test No. 24 Test No. 25A Test No. 26 Sample 286-19 Test No. 27 Test No. 28A Test No. 29 Mesh of Product Grind Concentrate ... . 65 Middlings Tailings Slime Concentrate ....150.... Middlings Tailings Slime Concentrate .... 20 Middlings Tailings Slime Concentrate .... 65 Middlings Tailings Slime Concentrate ....150 . Middlings Tailings Slime Concentrate .... 20 Middlings Tailings Slime Concentrate .... 65 Middlings Tailings Slime Concentrate ....150 Middlings Tailings Slime Concentrate .... 20 Middlings Tailings Concentrate .... 65 Middlings Tailings Concentrate ....150 Middlings Tailings Concentrate .... 20 Middlings Tailings Concentrate .... 65 Middlings Tailings Concentrate ....150 Middlings Tailings 'ercent Veight Percent BaSO* Percent Recovery Calculated: Plant Recovery- Percent 52.8 98.9 88.8 91.8 2.0 45.4 25.2 2.8 20.0 28.1 51.9 98.4 86.9 89.7 3.9 43.4 24.8 3.8 19.4 29.3 95.9 76.2 91.9 8.4 68.9 47.7 4.6 14.6 17.4 34.1 95.2 88.6 92.1 4.9 28.5 46.6 2.1 14.4 17.4 32.2 96.8 84.7 92.0 6.8 40.7 47.8 2.7 13.2 17.4 22.6 95.9 88.1 89.0 5.4 37.4 48.7 1.7 23.3 10.1 24.9 95.6 83.0 88.0 5.4 37.8 48.9 2.0 20.8 10.1 23.1 97.0 82.1 87.9 6.8 23.6 49.3 2.4 20.8 10.1 30.4 94.4 90.1 92.8 4.2 20.7 65.4 3.5 28.3 97.6 86.9 93.7 7.9 28.9 63.8 3.6 28.9 97.8 88.9 95.0 7.8 27.6 63.3 2.7 30.1 94.8 87.1 95.9 7.6 39.4 62.3 2.2 30.4 97.8 90.8 94.5 8.0 14.9 61.6 2.9 29.5 95.2 90.4 93.0 6.5 14.6 -4.0 3.3 of the Carolina Barite Belt 25 CONCLUSIONS The laboratory tests indicate that the barite is essentially freed from the gangue minerals at a relatively coarse size, roughly minus 20 mesh for flotation separation. However, since the ore is readily ground, and most trades specify a much finer mesh prod- uct, it would seem economical to make this size reduction before flotation, thereby confining the grinding to one unit and taking advantage of the finer size in flotation separation. Concentrates of a good white color were made from some of the less stained ores, but other concentrates contained varying amount of iron stain. It would be necessary to leach the concen- trates from the stained ores to meet the more rigid specifications of some trades. The expected plant recovery can be said to be above 90 percent by flotation. Iron analysis as low as 0.04 per- cent Fe 2 3 has been obtained by grinding the ore in a pebble mill to avoid iron contamination. The feasibility of the fundamental technology of concentra- tion of the disseminated barite by flotation is reasonably certain. Before mining and milling progress can be planned core drill- ing exploration and additional sampling are required. It was not the purpose of the present investigation to prove adequate tonnage for commercial development, but to point the way for further investigations which may lead to economic utilization of the deposits. It is believed that the ore could be removed by quarrying or stripping and selective mining could be done by site location rather than by special handling of the ore. w-J-V-r— 1 V--1 °™ % X^ i y - s c """. LOCATION MAP o n m Scale in Miles Itleground Schist - Bessemer Granite Contact from Arthur Keith, USGS (olio No 222 (See text). MINES AND PROSPECTS 1 All Healing Springs Locality 2 Lawton Property 3 Craig Property 4 "Chimney"' Place 5 Wells Property 6 Wyatt M.ne 7 Piedmont Springs Locality 8 Kings Creek Locality 9 John Childers Place tO Lavender Place and Frank tarl Property 11 Martin Place 12 Sams Place 13 Mt Ararat Church Locality Feb28'64 SI DATE DUE MAY ^5 19^ -rln I o __ i i CAYLORO PRINTED IN U.S.A.


text:
DJ in Boulder, CO was just on the radio talking about how he was just talked into trying a mac by his wife... and now will never go back to a PC. It really was just huge unsolicited PR. There is definitely a new tide turning. Hell... I've been a PC guy forever... but the next time I buy a laptop will likely also be a Mac. Will wonders never cease???????????
My Microsoft OS has crashed AGAIN!!!... and I thought it was interesting when Microsoft sent me a note back... saying that I had to go to Intel to correct the problem...
Here's what the intel message said... Notice below that it says that this problem ONLY happens with Microsoft..
These types of errors indicate that the operating system has determined that the graphics driver was taking too long for an operation to complete and that the driver appears to have stopped responding. To the operating system, it appears as though the graphics driver may be stuck in an infinite loop. This sort of error only occurs in Microsoft* Windows.
* * * *
Moral of the story is... get an Apple!
... discussion board. Looks like Yahoo accidently rerouted this link to the Kerry Bush debate chat room = /
Got to tell you all I was wicked impressed. Lots of great product... that was very reasonably priced. Used to not consider apple because it was too expensive... but now with prices just about the same or lower... makes it much easier to buy apple. They also make it wicked easy to transfer all your MS files over to a Mac... hell... they'll even do it for you. And all you have to do is hold a ipod mini in your hand to know that there is no item out there that can touch or compare to the ipod. Apples has got a long way for its stock to run.
That was the most rediculous quote I had ever seen. Telling people to sell while still raising it's price target. Very misleading. What's their true motivation???
Quote from the NY Times article on this subject... bottom line... this is VERY good news for Apple.
"In the 23 years since I.B.M. lent its prowess in mainframe computers to the production of desktop machines, it has been widely criticized for having destined the machines to commodity status by giving Microsoft and Intel the rights to those essential standards. And although Apple Computer holds less than 4 percent of the personal computing market worldwide, it has been able to command relatively high prices and richer profits because it has controlled the software and hardware that goes into its machines.
Thanks for the ride. I definitely think it will wind up going back up... but not before we see the mid to low 50's. I had wanted to get out at a straight double... but did not realize I had to cancel my trailing stop loss before I executed my new trade to sell right now. Expensive mistake.
Do your homework and check it out.
Grandevon... in response to your post... you make a couple of interesting comparisons to the fact that a real estate sale is much more complex than an online stock trade. Point well taken... however part of that is very good for ZIP for a couple of major reasons. First the commissions that ZIPR is bringing in are substantially higher than what you are able to garner from a online stock trade. And second and most importantly because the process is a bit more complicated... its very likely that ZIPR being the first major player in this space... will likely create a moat so big around itself... that no competitor will likely be able to compete with ZIP. And THAT is BIG stuff. Because Grand... the real estate market is a Trillion dollar a year business... and ZIP is in a prime position to take full advantage of this. No one is in a better position to do this than ZIP.
Again you mention online stock trading. However there are several major competitors in that space... chasing just a few dollars in a stock commission. But can you mention one serious competitor to what ZIP is setting themselves up to do? ZIP is THE player.
Make no mistake about it... that it will likely take some time before this stock starts flying... but as more and more people start buying and selling their homes in this way... Zip will be the primary beneficiary.
The numbers are already starting to bear this out... they did $800 million in sales the year before last and doubled that to $1.6 BILLION last year. Which is just a major small drop in the bucket to the Trillion dollar market that they are prime to take advantage of.
Lastly... take a look at who's running the company, and whose invested in it. These are not stupid people... but you will be... if you are not invested in them.
So that begs the question... if you are not invested in them... than you are really nothing but a short that is attempting to make your money by spewing negative BS. Sorry for the long post... but it took me this long to figure out that you were nothing but a short.
Good luck... but don't get caught with your shorts down.
Life is Funny!
I just pulled the following information from one of my provester reports on Fidelity. In one of these reports it shows the sales growth for the most recent quarter compared to the real estate industry, the sector of the real estate industry and also compared to the S&P.
The real estate industry's sales growth was only 18.1% last quarter... while ZIPs was 82.4%.
The sales growth in the S&P last quarter was only 16%... while ZIPs was 82.4%.
If you trade with Fidelity... go online and look at the reports yourself. They are free if you trade with them. The reports don't lie... the ZIP animal is definitely building up alot of steam.
All you have to do is get a USB hub that solves that issue for $30.
Great article on the mini in yesterday's Wall Street.
Go to the stores see how amazingly busy they are.
Get on the train... it's leaving without you.
Are you kidding me? I own a dell and there's nothing plug and play about it. Lots of configuring and set up. But got to admit the Mac makes things much easier and more intuitive. And even if you do plug something into the back of the mini its still twice as small as the nearest PC set up.
Look at the five year chart... split should happen right at about $79
If any of you have not bothered to actually walk in to an apple store and see the new shuffle... you definitely have to.
It's so amazing, so small, so well designed... that it's something everyone is going to have... because it's a "gotta have"... and because it blows away anything that is out there... I was to wait 3 weeks until the next shipment is due to come in. It's definitley worth the wait.
Don't take my word for it.... go see it yourself.
So put your money where your mouth is... (like I just did) and buy some more (if you think its still priced below where it should be). It won't just get there by you standing on the sidelines and hoping it goes up.
Didn't mean to be rude. Was just attempted to goose everyone else who also believes in the stock to put their money where their mouth is.
Have a good nite.
A couple of good articles...
Important articles that everyone seems to be overlooking

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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i just read in transworld surf magazine that tortola in BVI gets some pretty good waves. mostly reef breaks though and its kinda inconsistent. the also have good parties too
Results 1 to 6 of 6
Thread: The Caribbean
Oct 20, 2008, 01:52 AM
'; pd[20825] = '
Oct 20, 2008, 02:10 AM
- Join Date
- May 2008
- Location
- Virginia Beach
- Posts
- 35
St Maarten is not the same as BVIs. St Maarten is shielded by Anguilla to the North, so I would guess your best chance of getting waves would be on the east coast.
That said, BVIs and USVIs offer some great surf. BVI's consistent spot is Apple Bay, which does receive swell from the North & is a reef break. Another spot is Cane Garden Bay, which requires a larger swell and is a right hand point break. Good luck!
'; pd[20830] = '
I caught it pretty decent there in 2 spots.
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The Caribbean
In a couple of weeks I'm leavin on a cruise for purto rico, st. Thomas, and St. Maarten. But because of family, it looks like I'm probably only gonna get to surf in st. maarten. I just wanna know if there's anything worth checking out or even bothering to even think about in St. Maarten. I've looked at some of the tourist websites but from what I can tell they have no idea what they're talking about.


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Communications Specialist
St. Lucia
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Women's Empowerment Symposium - Milestone Development
milestone-development.com [cached]
Women's Empowerment Symposium - Milestone Development
milestone-development.com [cached]
Womens' Empowerment Symposium - Milestone Development
milestone-development.com [cached]
Testimony By Tecla Fontenard, Saint Lucia
www.kittivisianlife.com [cached]
www.antiguaobserver.com [cached]
The launch ceremony will take place at "Our Planet" a state of the art cinema theatre in downtown Castries and the agenda will include the preview screening of selected episodes in the series, and performances on climate change related issues.
An estimated 60 guests are expected to attend the ceremony, representing local, national, regional and international agencies involved in environmental conservation and climate change related work in the OECS region.
Fontenard said the first time TV series initiative, produced by the OECS Secretariat features climate change impacts and solutions, "with an emphasis on issues related the water, tourism and agricultural sectors, as well as highlights on vulnerabilities to coastal areas, and increased exposure to natural disasters, such as hurricanes."
Gilbert Fontenard
FDL Consult Inc
Yendi Fontenard
Jackson North Medical Center
Suean Fontenard
The University of Alabama at Birmingham


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Are you an individual who thrives in a challenging environment? If so, we're seeking talent to join our team as a Food Safety Specialist. You'll have the opportunity to utilize your food safety knowledge to audit, improve, teach, coach, and promote our food safety programs to our suppliers, customers and employees. . .
Central West Produce is a fast paced, high volume grower/shipper of Fresh Conventional and Organic Berries. We are located on the central coast of California in Santa Maria and are looking for a sales person. . .
The Category Sourcing Buyer is responsible for purchasing various lines in the produce division, and will perform all tasks involved in the formation and administration of purchase orders within the group. . .
Prime Time International (PTI) has an exciting opportunity for an experienced Sales Representative to join our sales team in Coachella, Ca. The ideal candidate will be responsible for actively and aggressively developing new business as well as maintaining and growing current accounts. . .
Organically Grown Company is seeking an Account Representative for both its Portland and Eugene locations. Founded in 1978, employee and grower-owned Organically Grown Company (OGC) is the largest organic produce distributor in the Pacific Northwest. . .
Topco - Under general supervision and administrative direction of a Sr. Category Manager, the Category Manager is responsible for sales of assigned categories and for purchasing products at a cost to achieve maximum member participation and to enhance the competitive position and profitability of Topco member companies. . .
Albert's Organics, America's largest, most knowledgeable organic, fresh foods distributor and subsidiary of United Natural Foods, is seeking a Produce Category Manager for our San Francisco, CA office. This position is responsible providing sales, procurement and supply chain leadership in the produce category. Support high-performance produce sales to exceed revenue/margin potential and market share goals. Work strategically within AO cross-functional teams to achieve category growth goals by managing promotional program, commodity. . .
True Leaf Farms - Inventory Systems Supervisor is responsible for all daily functions, reports, schedules and performances of the Inventory Systems Department which include the Inventory, Receiving, and Gatekeeping crews. . .
Duncan Family Farms LLC is a grower of over 8,000 acres of organic produce with production in Central Arizona along with areas in Central and Southern California. We are a privately owned business that has been growing steadily and we are seeking an experienced and responsible Repair and Maintenance Lead. . .
Braga Fresh, headquartered in Soledad, CA, is the sales entity of the Braga family. The Braga's are a 3rd generation family farming operation, and our mission is to profitably grow our family. . .
ALBA, the Agriculture and Land-Based Training Association is a non-profit organization which provides training, technical assistance and marketing services to family farmers on the Central Coast of California. ALBA Organics – our produce distribution operation – seeks an energetic, motivated, and self-directed person to manage cooler operations. Based at the Salinas Cooler and reporting to the General Manager, the Supervisor supports the operations of ALBA Organics to ensure effective timing and delivery of quality product from field to warehouse to. . .
The position is the most senior sales account manager within the Sales Department. Along with the customary duties and responsibilities assigned to a Sales Account Manager, this position also trains, assigns schedules, coaches and disciplines employees in lieu of the Director of Sales. . .
Are you a seasoned Ranch Manager interested in working for a great employer? You will manage the daily farming operations. . .
Responsible for the successful ground prep, planting, cultivation, irrigation, fertility, and pest control of all crops on Laguna Mist Farms ranches. . .
Earl's Organic Produce, Inc., a leading distributor of organic produce throughout Northern California, seeks a skilled and safe Class A and B Delivery Driver for our San Francisco Wholesale Produce Market headquarters. . . .
Earl's Organic Produce, Inc., a leading distributor of organic produce throughout Northern California, seeks a skilled and safe Product Selector for our San Francisco Wholesale Produce Market headquarters. . . .
Houweling's Group, is a family owned, world-renowned greenhouse vegetable grower with farms in Camarillo, CA, Delta, BC and Mona, UT. As a leader and innovator in the state of the art, sustainable greenhouse farming industry, the company continues to focus on year-round, locally grown produce, as consumers continue to prove a desire and willing to purchase local. In addition to greenhouse tomato and cucumber growing, the company operates a state of the art seedling propagation division and full service logistics department, offering vertical integration from seed through. . .
A leading processing plant and shipper, is actively recruiting to fill a Production Machine Operator (PMO) position. Position reports directly to the Production Supervisor, works independently and interacts with all levels of operations and administration in a collaborative team environment. . .
California Endive Farms has been in business since 1983 as the only US grower of a Belgian-style endive. Based in Rio Vista, California, we are a small, family oriented grower/shipper with an aggressive growth plan for our future.
We are looking for a self starter, quick learning, born leader to help us in our inside sales supervisor position. This role plays a key part in leading our operational team on a day-to-day basis while providing world class customer service. . .
Earthbound Farm - Perform weekly 3-week forecast of crop volume and quality. Inspect all commodity products prior to harvest and communicate any specification deviations or foreign object contamination potential to Scheduling and Manufacturing
• Inspect all commodity products at harvest to insure that raw product meets harvest and product specifications.
• Direct harvest crew Supervisors regarding quality and quantity of pack required. Notify receiving of arrival time of loads
• Plan daily harvest logistics. . .
organicgirl - Manage overall Organicgirl operations at the Co-Pack location. Work with Customer Service and Co-Pack Operations to evaluate, analyze and manage daily forecast of a food processing facility. Manage and insure 100% product availability of the assigned commodities to cover projected sales programs and contracts. . .
3 STAR LETTUCE, LLC is a Gonzales, California based lettuce Seed Company. The Company develops, produces, and markets quality seed products. The company is dynamic and focused on the seed industry and is an employer of professional, knowledgeable, and dedicated individuals. . .


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3D printing technology is on the rise and more accessible than ever. As printers are becoming more affordable and the objects being printed are becoming more and more impressive, some ideas that were a mere fantasy a few years ago are now reality.
While there are amazing advancements being made in the world of 3D Printing, there are still some myths and skepticisms surrounding the topic. Ever wondered how a 3D printer could cut costs for your small business? Is the cost of materials, speed and print quality really worth it? And what is the practical application?
Our infographic answers all your small business 3D printing questions while looking at fun facts surrounding the industry:
|Scooped by Denis Failly


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Ursus maritimus, Cape Churchill, Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada
50% of profits from sales of Cape Churchill images is donated to Polar Bears International.
It's hard work protecting cubs and teaching them the skills they'll need to survive the challenges of the arctic in today's changing world. This polar bear Mom finally gets her chance to enjoy a hard earned rest!
Shot using:
Canon EOS Digital Rebel (the original!)
Canon EF75-300mm f/4.0-5.6 IS USM lens


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Some of the biggest auto auctions of the year are held during the weekend of the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. Millionaires gather in hopes of outbidding their contemporaries for incredibly rare cars. As Bonhams' record sale on Thursday of a 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO for $38 million showed, these days the world's most expensive vehicles are found at auctions, often with a prancing horse on the nose.
- Volvo shoots for self-drivers by 2021
- Jeep spends $1 billion on factories
- Find Parts & Accessories for your vehicle!
- Obama rolls out new EV plan
- Infiniti dealers ranked best, Tesla worst
- Compare Volvo XC90 and Lincoln MKX


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By Jeremy Herb - 09/10/12 02:54 PM EDT
The original Stolen Valor law passed unanimously, and the new version is likely to sail through as well.
In the Senate, there are two similar versions of the Stolen Valor update, one sponsored by Sen. Scott Brown (R-Mass.) and one by Sen. Jim Webb (D-Va.).
Brown and Heck unveiled their bills at a July press conference together, and Webb released his the same day.
Brown's legislation has 33 co-sponsors, all Republicans, while Webb's has 52 co-sponsors, all Democrats. Neither has moved forward yet in the Judiciary Committee.
The Pentagon in response to the Supreme Court decision established a Stolen Valor database to list military award recipients and guard against fraud.


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Zach Braff on new film "Wish I Was Here"
CBSTV Videos•July 15, 2014
Actor/writer/director Zach Braff talks about the making of his new film "Wish I Was Here." Also, Helen Mirren plays the head of an upscale French eatery in "The Hundred Foot Journey." Suzanne Marques has today's Eye on Entertainment.


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The tradesman featured in a new Liberal Party advertisement who garnered the hashtag #faketradie on social media is anything but a fake, according to a party spokesman.
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The Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) has defended a decision to spend almost $180,000 to promote the grains industry through commercial radio.
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The Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) was hammered by senators over its decision to spend almost $180,000 to promote the grains industry on commercial radio. The GRDC stood by its campaign in a firey senate estimates hearing in Canberra, but Labor senators repeatedly questioned whether the radio spots and roadshow events were an appropriate use of grower and government money.
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Dee Madigan knows a thing or two about persuasion, with 20 years' experience in the advertising industry. After working on many major brands, she's now switched her focus to selling political and social messages instead.
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A Melbourne photographer believes a major fashion label may have copied his image in an advertising campaign.
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The daughters of renowned Wollongong sign-writer Cecil Willis have shared a selection of their father's most famous works.
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A British advertisement for fashion brand Gucci, featuring an "unhealthily thin" model, is banned by the UK's Advertising Standards Authority (ASA).
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CBH Group chief executive Andrew Crane says most growers back its decision to reject a corporatisation proposal from Australian Grains Champion.
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Head of Wesfarmers Richard Goyder talking on the WA Country Hour about potential agricultural exports, Aldi and CBH.
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Wine Australia Global Knowledge Manager Anne Duncan says the new Australian Wine Flavour Card will help producers better engage with Chinese consumers by translating flavour descriptions into Chinese language.
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