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Skip to comments.The Vatican Said What? [Document calling for 'Central World Bank' has no binding authority]
Posted on 10/24/2011 2:32:31 PM PDT by Brian Kopp DPM
The Vatican Said What?
The important piece of news out of Rome today is that the Vatican has allegedly called for a "central world bank" in reponse to the continuing speculation and instability in the world financial system.
I say "allegedly" because the text in which this call appears is not by Pope Benedict, but by a Vatican office, the Council for Justice and Peace. Such an office can issue papers which do not bear the Pope's "seal of approval" in the same way that a papal encyclical would.
We are dealing here, then, with something on the order of a "position paper," not a text containing authoritative magisterial teaching.
It is a serious document, worth weighing with real attention and this is why I include the complete text below but not a document with binding doctrinal authority.
Nevertheless, after the Vatican released the document at a press conference this morning, the internet was abuzz with reports like the following one from Reuters, suggesting that this document's call for some controls over global financial speculation links the Vatican ideologically to the US protest movement "Occupy Wall Street" (!!!).
That's a bit of a stretch.
Here are selections from the Reuters article:
Vatican Calls for 'Central World Bank' to Be Set Up
Published: Monday, 24 Oct 2011 | 6:54 AM ET
Text By: Reuters
The Vatican called on Monday for the establishment of a "global public authority" and a "central world bank" to rule over financial institutions that have become outdated and often ineffective in dealing fairly with crises.
A major document from the Vatican's Justice and Peace department should be music to the ears of the "Occupy Wall Street" (OWS) demonstrators and similar movements around the world who have protested against the economic downturn.
The 18-page document, "Towards Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in the Context of a Global Public Authority," was at times very specific, calling, for example, for taxation measures on financial transactions. (...)
It called for the establishment of "a supranational authority" with worldwide scope and "universal jurisdiction" to guide economic policies and decisions.
Such an authority should start with the United Nations as its reference point but later become independent and be endowed with the power to see to it that developed countries were not allowed to wield "excessive power over the weaker countries." (...)
It said the International Monetary Fund (IMF) no longer had the power or ability to stabilize world finance by regulating overall money supply and it was no longer able to watch "over the amount of credit risk taken on by the system."
The world needed a "minimum shared body of rules to manage the global financial market" and "some form of global monetary management."
"In fact, one can see an emerging requirement for a body that will carry out the functions of a kind of 'central world bank' that regulates the flow and system of monetary exchanges similar to the national central banks," it said.
Is the Vatican "to the left of Pelosi"?
Likewise, in an article in USA Today, entitled "Vatican meets OWS: 'The economy needs ethics'", reporter Cathy Lynn Grossman cites Jesuit Father Thomas Reese, senior fellow at the Woodstock Theological Center, Georgetown University, as saying that the Vatican view is "closer to views of the 'Occupy Wall Street' movement than anyone in the U.S. Congress."
Grossman added: "Reese says it's not only to the left of President Obama, it's 'to the left of Nancy Pelosi.'"
And she repeats the point, writing a second time that "on economic issues, the Pope is to the left of Obama. He is even to the left of liberal Democrats like Nancy Pelosi."
A Bit of Perspective
The feisty president of the Catholic League, Bill Donhue, then leaped into the fray, saying the "early chatter" has exaggerated what the document is actually saying.
Here is Donohue's statement:
The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace issued a document today titled, "Toward Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in the Context of Global Public Authority." Commenting on it is Catholic League president Bill Donohue:
There has been much hyperventilation from some quarters over the release of this document. All of it is unwarranted.
To begin with, the text is not an encyclical, nor is it the work of Pope Benedict XVI. Much of what it says is consistent with long-standing Catholic social teaching: the quest for the common good should guide social and economic policy. It properly calls for "abandoning all forms of petty selfishness and embracing the logic of the global common good."
Much of the early chatter focuses on the document's call for a global authority to render economic justice. It says, "Benedict XVI himself expressed the need to create a world political authority." The reference is to the pope's encyclical, Caritas in Veritate.
The term "world political authority" appears once in the encyclical, the context of which is a plea for "international cooperation" in the pursuit of a more just "political, juridical and economic order." In the very next sentence, the Holy Father stresses that such an authority must "observe consistently the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity."
The document released today also emphasizes the need to follow the Catholic principle of subsidiarity. This means that solutions to social and economic problems should begin at the most local level, not at the national, much less the international, level. Indeed, the pope explicitly said in his 2009 encyclical that "subsidiarity is the most effective antidote against any form of all-encompassing welfare state."
Today's statement uses terms like "supranational Authority" and "supranational Institution." These neologisms are purely the creation of the authors, Cardinal Peter Turkson and Mario Toso. They are not found in the pope's encyclical. No matter, those who are comparing this text to the demands of the "Occupy Wall Street" crowd should first detail what exactly it is the urban campers want.
E-mail: email@example.com
No one knows
I then received an email which expressed outrage about the Vatican's new document, as follows:
I am a practicing Catholic convert, baptized Holy Saturday 2003. I am a Jewish convert. My degrees are in mathematics and statistics but I have a great interest in economics.
I subscribe to the Austrian theory of economics. Many Austrians believe that central banking is at the root of the current financial crisis. The US Federal Reserve is not even a government agency; it is a cartel of privately owned international banking interests that disguises itself as a governmental body. (...)
Centralized banking is not a cure; it is the very disease itself. It was the root cause of the dot com bubble, then the housing bubble. The Federal Reserve is essentially a private piggy bank for Wall Street.
And I wake up to find the Vatican is calling for a WORLD CENTRAL BANK!
Look, the Holy Father is infallible on spiritual matters. But he needs to stay out of central banking. The Vatican is clueless on this matter.
The #1 impoverishment vehicle of the people is the Federal Reserve and other central banks. They are perpetrating the largest transfer of wealth from the bottom to the top in world history. (...)
Central banks need to be taken down, not built up further. We need less central banking, not more.
If Satan is operating anywhere in this world with impunity, central banking is the place where you'll find him. It is sucking the financial life blood from the people to prop up bankers and the global elite, and turning a blind eye to every kind of fraud imaginable. It is the #1 place where the money changers of the world gather.
And the Vatican wants MORE of it!
Unbelievable, absolutely unbelievable.
G. Atias
"No one knows"
I then placed several calls to see what some of my contacts might have to say about this document.
I concluded that there is one positive thing and one negative thing that can safely be said.
The positive thing: this document, in keeping with all of the Church's social teaching, wishes to defend honesty, transparency, truthfulness and justice in financial dealings over against dishonesty, opacity false representations and injustice.
In this, the document is to be praised, and praised highly. We need honesty and truth-telling in a global economy that is seemingly careening toward a train wreck which will inevitably hurt the poor and weak most of all.
The negative thing: the global economy, and especially the global derivatives market, is big, enormous, in fact, so big, so opaque, so complex, that literally no one knows what the situation really is, or what measures to take to undo the financial detonator that seems ready soon to go off.
In this sense, the Vatican office's policy recommendations are inevitably insufficient.
No one knows what to do about this looming financial train wreck, not even the Vatican.
That said, there is no doubt that the virtues of honesty, truthfulness and fair-dealing must be at the center of any possible global solution, and we all will be well-served if thoughtful, honest, good and competent men and women can be placed in a position where they can help unravel this time-bomb before it detonates, or salvage what is left of our economy after it detonates.
And this is the essential, laudable meaning of the Vatican's suggestions in this document.
I am reading through the new white paper (I wont dignify it with document) from the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace and trying to keep my blood pressure down.
I have a few things to digest yet, and it takes me a while, since this isnt exactly my bailiwick. However, I can say this: thanks be to God this white paper doesnt form part of the Holy Fathers Ordinary Magisterium.
Every once in a while the Holy Sees smaller offices, Pontifical Councils and so forth, have to put out a paper to justify their budgets and remind everyone that they take up valuable space. These documents, which do not form part of the Holy Fathers Magisterium, can deal with critical issues like how to be a safe driver, and have seminars on how to play soccer and so forth, and so forth.
Some of my favorite points in the new white paper include the suggestion that there should be global monetary management and a central world bank to regulate it and that the United Nations should be involved. National banks have, after all, done such a good job that we should now make the effort transnational! And is this the same UN that had nations such as Saudi Arabia and, till recently, Libya on the their human rights commission? Wasnt there a UN financial corruption investigation still going on? Is this the same UN that is pushing contraception pretty much in every poor country on earth? Was that a different UN?
Another high point in the new white paper: These measures ought to be conceived of as some of the first steps in view of a public Authority with universal jurisdiction; as a first stage in a longer effort by the global community to steer its institutions towards achieving the common good.
Uh huh.
In the presentation of the white paper during the Press Conference, Prof. Leonardo Becchetti (whom I assume was the writer) actually references Dodd-Frank as a starting point.
The MSM is gonna love this white paper. I can hear the intelligent, well-informed commentary about the Church even now. Itll be along the lines of The Pope says there should be a single world currency controlled by UN and Financial advice from people who have paid how many billion in settlements for abuse of children?
If they can give us the 10 commandments for driving, perhaps more helpful for our near future would have been pointers on, just off the top of my head, how to make a useful bug-out-bag, how to say the rosary with your family, how to barter things with real value, how to form small communities and help each other when the shelves in stores have been stripped bare, good programs for learning Chinese and Arabic, how to make hiding places for priests when the newly established domestic security forces start hunting them down, how serious liturgical abuses really are mortal sins, how to make a perfect act of contrition when dying without a priest during a global pandemic, what sort of silver and gold will be useful when our fake money no longer has redeemable value.
But, no, we get fantasies about the UN regulating a global monetary supply.
Im being facetious, of course. The global economy is perfect, there are no super-bugs on a cyclical ascent, and we all love the direction governments are taking when it comes to religious liberty. Of course its a great idea for the Holy Sees office on Justice and Peace to further the cause of one world government.
Seriously, now that my blood pressure is dropping and my little raving nutty is over, I look forward to some good analysis of this white paper from the smart people at Acton Institute who might actually understand what the Holy See is proposing. From one conversation I had, I have gleaned that some of the analysis in the white paper of the present situation is okay, but the proposals are really bad.
Samuel Gregg on the new white paper from the Pont. Con. for Justice and Peace
From National Review Online comes a piece by the eminent Samuel Gregg, a fine scholar with his head screwed on in the correct direction. He gives some reactions to the new white paper as I call it from the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. Mr. Gregg is research director at the Acton Institute. He has authored several books including On Ordered Liberty, his prize-winning The Commercial Society and Wilhelm Röpkes Political Economy, and his 2012 forthcoming Becoming Europe: Economic Decline, Culture, and Americas Future. Also, see Economic Thinking for the Theologically Minded.
Be sure to check out the comments at National Review.
My emphases and comments.
Catholics, Finance, and the Perils of Conventional Wisdom
October 24, 2011 12:22 P.M.
By Samuel Gregg
Despite the Catholic Lefts excited hyperventilating that the document released today [Which is our first clue that the "white paper" is bad. And I call it a "white paper", since it doesn't form a part of the Holy Father's Magisterium.] by the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (PCJP) would put the Church to the left of Nancy Pelosi on economic issues, more careful reading of Towards Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in the Context of Global Public Authority soon indicates that it reflects rather conventional contemporary economic thinking. [The phrase "damning with faint praise" comes to mind...] Unfortunately, given the uselessness of much present-day economics, thats not likely to make it especially helpful in thinking through some of our present financial challenges.
Doctrinally speaking, theres nothing new to be found in this text. As PCJP officials will themselves tell you, its not within this curial bodys competence to make doctrinal statements that bind Catholic consciences. [Did you all get that? This "white paper" is not a document of the Church's Magisterium.] Moreover, the notion that an increasingly integrated world economy requires some type of authority able to make decisions about what the Church calls the universal common good has long been a staple of Catholic social teaching. Such references to a global world authority have always been accompanied by an emphasis on the idea of subsidiarity, and the present document is no exception to that rule. This principle maintains that any higher level of government should assist lower forms of political authority and civil-society associations only when (as this PCJP text states) individual, social or financial actors are intrinsically deficient in capacity, or cannot manage by themselves to do what is required of them.
But putting aside doctrinal questions, this text also makes claims of a more strictly economic nature. Given that these generally fall squarely into the area of prudential judgment for Catholics, its quite legitimate for Catholics to discuss and debate some of this documents claims. So here are just a few questions worth asking.
[1] First, the text makes a legitimate point about the effects of a disjunction between the financial sector and the rest of the economy. It fails, however, to note that one major reason for this disjunction has been the dissolution of any tie between money and an external object of value that regulates the quantity of money and credit in circulation in the real economy. [For example, there is no "gold standard".]
Between the late 1870s and 1914, such a linkage existed in the form of the classic gold standard. This gave the world remarkable monetary stability and low inflation without any centralized authority. You neednt be a Ron Paul disciple to recognize that fiat moneys rise is at least partly responsible for the monetary crises this document correctly laments.
[2] Second, this document displays no recognition of the role played by moral hazard in generating the 2008 crisis or the need to prevent similar situations from arising in the future. Moral hazard describes those situations when people are effectively insulated from the possible negative consequences of their choices. This makes them more likely to take risks they wouldnt otherwise take especially with other peoples money. The higher the extent of the guarantee, the greater is the risk of moral hazard. It creates, as the financial journalist Martin Wolf writes, an overwhelming incentive to privatize gains and socialize losses.
If PCJP were cognizant of this fact, it might have hesitated before recommending we consider forms of recapitalization of banks with public funds, making the support conditional on virtuous behaviours aimed at developing the real economy. Such a recapitalization would simply reinforce the message that Wall Street can always turn to taxpayers to bail them out when their latest impossible-to-understand financial scheme goes south. [NB:] In terms of orthodox Catholic theology, its worth reminding ourselves that the one who creates an occasion of sin bears some indirect responsibility for the choices of the person tempted by this situation to do something very imprudent or simply wrong. [There are various ways to participate in and be responsible for the sin of another person. You can see how some things that liberals like to call "structural" sins have their grounding in the choices of individuals.]
[3] Third, given this texts subject matter, it reflects one very strange omission. Nowhere does it contain a detailed discussion of the high levels of public debt and deficits in many developed economies, the clear-and-present danger they represent to the global financial system, and their negative impact upon the prospects for economic growth (i.e., what gets people out of poverty).
Given these facts, [Quaeritur...] how could governments provide the aforementioned public funds when they are already so heavily in debt and already tottering under the weight of existing fiscal obligations? By raising taxes? Even Bill Clinton thinks thats not a great idea in an economic slowdown. Indeed, the basic demands of commutative justice indicate that governments need to meet their current obligations to existing creditors before they can even consider contributing to further bailouts.
[4] Fourth, the document calls for the creation of some type of world central bank. Yet its authors seem unaware that much of the blame for our present economic mess is squarely attributable to central banks. Here one need only note that the Federal Reserves easy-money policies from 2000 onwards played an indispensable role in creating Americas housing-market bubble, the development of questionable securities products, and the subsequent 2008 meltdown.
Calls for a global central bank arent new. Keynes argued for such an organization 75 years ago. But why, given national central banks evident failures, should anyone suppose that a global central bank wouldnt fall prey to the same errors? The folly of a centralized supranational body like the European Central Bank setting a one-size-fits-all interest-rate for economies as different as Greece and Germany should now be evident to everyone who doesnt live in the fantasy world inhabited by EU bureaucrats. Indeed, it is simply impossible for any one individual or organization to know what is the optimal interest-rate for every country in the EU, let alone the world.
Plenty of other critiques could and no doubt will be made of some of the economic claims advanced in this PCJP document. As if in anticipation of this criticism, the document states, We should not be afraid to propose new ideas. That is most certainly true. [NB] Unfortunately, many of its authors ideas reflect an uncritical assimilation of the views of many of the very same individuals and institutions that helped generate the worlds most serious economic crisis since the Great Depression. For a church with a long tradition of thinking seriously about finance centuries before anyone had ever heard of John Maynard Keynes or Friedrich Hayek, we can surely do better.
A very helpful intro to the white paper.
It should surprise no one that almost everything the media says about 0bama or the Pope is 100% wrong.
At least they are consistent.
That is not the impression I am getting from Catholics on the many threads generated by this document. And many respond with defensive fury if anyone does try to discuss it.
And I wonder, how many in the Teaching Magisterium DO hold this point of view? Is that faction growing, static, or dieing out?
Subsidiarity is emphasized in the Catechism, the social encyclicals of the popes and the teaching of the Fathers and Doctors.
This document strikes Catholics as deeply bizarre. We're used to self-important position papers from Curia functionaries, but this one is particularly incoherent.
Why should anyone not assume that this paper reflects the position of the Vatican? Particularly given that the member are largely chosen by the Pope?
"From www.vatican.va/:
The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace has a President who is assisted by a Secretary and an Under-Secretary, all named by the Holy Father for a period of five years. A staff of lay persons, religious and priests of different nationalities works with them in carrying out the programmes and activities of the Council.
The Holy Father also appoints about forty Members and Consultors who serve in a personal capacity for a period of five years. Coming from different parts of the world, the Members meet in Rome at regular intervals for a Plenary Assembly during which each one, according to his or her background and professional or pastoral experience, contributes to the overall planning for the activities of the Pontifical Council. A high point in the life of the Council, the Plenary Assembly is a time of authentic discernment of the signs of the times.
The Consultors, some of whom are experts in the social teaching of the Church, can be called upon to participate in working groups on specific topics.
So who does the Council speak for and with the approval of?
Subsidiarity is an organizing principle that matters ought to be handled by the smallest, lowest or least centralized competent authority.
But apparently there are some loop holes
Subsidiarity is perhaps presently best known as a general principle of European Union law. According to this principle, the EU may only act (i.e. make laws) where action of individual countries is insufficient.
Where did the other threads go? I saw two myself earlier today, but can no longer find them. Did someone go postal enough to have the entire threads deleted?
Thomas Peters
You may have seen this story which was headlined earlier today on the Drudge Report:
The Vatican called on Monday for the establishment of a global public authority and a central world bank to rule over financial institutions that have become outdated and often ineffective in dealing fairly with crises.
A major document from the Vaticans Justice and Peace department should be music to the ears of the Occupy Wall Street demonstrators and similar movements around the world who have protested against the economic downturn.
The 18-page document, Towards Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in the Context of a Global Public Authority, was at times very specific, calling, for example, for taxation measures on financial transactions. [CNBC]
In a scenario which will surely strike some as deja vu, the liberal jesuit Fr. Tom Reese previewed the contents of the document last week, in much the same way that the liberal Fr. Charles Curran previewed Humanae Vitae for the mainstream media before the document was actually released (the pope overruled Fr. Currans claims that the Church would endorse contraception but the media had already made up its mind and few bothered to actually read what the pope had to say).
Heres Fr. Reese on MSNBC explaining the news.
Notice that Fr. Reese does NOT correct the news anchor that this document comes from a vatican congregation not the pope! Fr. Reese seems perfectly happy to help the mainstream media fundamentally misunderstand the authority of teaching this document enjoys. He claims that the pope has more in common with the people at occupy wallstreet than the tea party, even though he has to immediately walk back that claim when it is pointed out to him how violent (and anti-Catholic!) the Occupy Rome demonstrations were (as I blogged about last week). I think its no surprise that Fr. Reese spends so much time talking about the 60′s thats still his cultural frame of reference.
Rather than get into the nitty-gritty of the 18-page document (which I may do at a later point), let me focus on the most important point: framing. Heres how Cardinal Turkson, President of the Congregation for Justice and Peace, and Bishop Toso, the secretary, explained how the document should be received and read (underlining mine):
It is in this spirit of discernment that the Holy See, with the note of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, wishes to make a contribution which might be useful to the deliberations of the G-20 meeting.
Bishop Toso explained that the aim of the note is suggest possible paths to follow, in line with the most recent social Magisterium, for the implementation of financial and monetary policies
The Church does not wish to enter into the technical issues behind the current economic crisis, but remains within the ambit of her religious and ethical functions
I have nothing to immediately add to that, because the very authors of the document make clear how it should be evaluated: namely, as a contribution (as opposed to a mandate), as a possible path (as opposed to a moral proscription), in line with the Magisteriums social teaching (as opposed to introducing a new teaching), without getting into the technical issues (because the Church is an expert in humanity, not economics) while fully staying within the Churchs religious and ethical functions.
Liberal Catholic routinely (and in this case) try to read the Churchs social teaching as dogmatic while choosing to view the Churchs moral and religious teaching as optional. In fact, the Church herself is always careful to make clear that her moral and religious teaching is dogmatic and binding while her social teaching and particularly her economic teaching is exhortative and prudential.
With those extremely important guidelines in mind, we can more fruitfully read the text.
That said, I am absolutely sure the media cycle for the coming days and weeks will totally miss all these key points and distill this document down to misleading headlines such as Pope Benedict Endorses Central World Bank. But as I explain above, he didnt.
Fr. Reese and his liberal Catholic friends would be better served acting as messengers of the Churchs teaching as opposed to creators of it.
As already posted this is contrary to what the catechism says about subsidiarity.
Oh, and wikipedia!= Catholic catechism.
"The Pope sez..........we need a World Bank" is the 5 second sound bite which will be embedded in the consciousness of the hoi polloi.
Explanations, clarifications, distinctions etc., are lost on most, for various reasons.
Would seem the document has some very blatant and serious ramifications...Would also seem we can know the pope's position on the document by his speaking out against it, or remaining silent...
In short, the Council speaks for the Vatican.
What about the Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano? Does it speak "for the Vatican"?
I have no idea. Who owns it? Who decides what is published?
Are the writers appointed or just hires off the street?
Unlike a newspaper the council is largely made up of appointees of the Pope. I think that would justify saying what they write reflects his views, hence, "the Vatican".
Does Drudge have an anti-Catholic agenda?
I wouldn't know since free republic makes visiting his site unnecessary.
My goodness, it's raining flapdoodle by the sheaf, and the FR faithful are at pains to paint the Vatican as just an uncontrollable herd of cats again.
Let me guess, some Papal appointee in the Vatican bureaucracy stepped in it. I'll accept that this is not an accurate reflection of the institution as a whole when it's repudiated and retracted.
The Acton Institute's filleting was quite skillful as well.
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We have some who are saying that the document by the Vatican Pontifical Council for Peace and Justice is an abomination. Do you people realize that since the papacy of St. Clement, what is today the Vatican, has always been home to the Holy See and a sovereign nation? This is like asking the Vatician to surrender it's status as a sovereign nation and abdicate its rights to express an opinion on a world crisis.
It would seem more logical, the whether we agree or not with the proposal, we as Catholics defend Vatican City's right to exist as a nation and to speak on world affairs. The minute that we Catholics abdicate the sovereignty of Vatican City State, we place the leadership of the Church at great risk.
This is not about agreeing with the content of the document. The reason that people are upset with it is because Vatican City is the mouse that roars and they prefer that it would be silent. Do you realize how many people are out there who wish to strip Vatican City of its sovereignty just so they can put popes on trial, confiscate Church property and get their hands on the patrimony of humanity protected by Vatican Ciity?
I don't have to agree with the proposal. I can put a proposal of my own on the table. But I will protect Vatican City's right to make a proposal. If the USA has a right to do so, so does Vatican City.
Another thing, Fr. Lombardi works for the Holy See, not Vatican City, two differnt governemnts. He's going to be very circumspect. It's not his fault that people don't even know that Vatican City has its own government, for which Fr. Lombardi does not speak.
Cardinal Turkson has as much right to put something on the table on behalf of Vatican City as does Hilary Clinton on behalf of the USA. It simply means that we must give both a respectful consideration and then put forth our own suggestions.
This is not so difficult. No one is asking anyone to give this an assent of faith. What is being done here is a proposal is being put on the table. As I said before, the hope of the Church is that 2 billion Catholics woiuld come up with something that works.
But like any other committee, they don't always reflect the views of the person who appointed them.
But whether they do or don't, this document has no binding teaching authority on anyone, and Cdl. Turkson made that quite clear by using words like "contribution" and "suggestion". It's a position paper wherein the council expresses an opinion on things. If it were the Pope's opinion and he wanted people to think of it that way, it would have been issued over his signature.
The skeptical can further tell that I'm right in saying that it has no binding authority by looking at Fr. Z's blistering rejection of it. Fr. Z's orthodoxy is hard to impeach.
And this will conflict a lot of Catholics about what should happen.
Anyone who thinks "the Vatican" is a monolithic institution all in lock step with the Pope has no grasp of the reality of the situation.
The Justice and Peace crap comes out of offices closely aligned with the Vatican Secratariat of State. The Vatican Secratariat of State is a political office that is the source of much of the problems in "Rome," just like the Bush administration's Secretary of State office was always a thorn in the side of Bush, and often undermined him.
We adults need to understand that "the Vatican" isn't one big entity in lockstep agreement. It is a place where the world's agenda/politics and the Church's mandate often clash; even churches have opposing factions with political agendas that are diametrically opposed.
Maybe that's something only well understood by us Catholics who have been deep in the battles for the soul of the Church.
I asked someone else if they thought the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano speaks "for the Vatican" or "for the Pope." Every time the liberal editor at L'Osservatore Romano published another liberal piece of clap trap, everyone says "the Vatican has taken a new position on x y z..."
Which is pure nonsense!
I wrote an article for L'Osservatore Romano two years ago. I know for a fact the Pope read it, but he never refuted it or repudiated it, etc...so I guess I speak for the Pope too, huh? Imagine, a right wing FReeper speaks for the Pope, and so does this Justice and Peace bureaucrat.
So much for the monolithic Vatican...
Reuters positioning Obama as a moderate.
Thanks for this long primer. I'd only seen the Reuters story linked from Drudge but once I saw where at the Vatican this came from I dropped my alarm.
Whether it reflects the opinions of the Vatican is and I would ask whether the Pope has to put his signature on this to show acceptance, agreement, whatever with it.
Has he ever said anything that would lead anyone to assume he disagrees? or has his comments been in agreement with what is in this paper?
That might be a area to explore. Meanwhile I see little reason not to think it has his approval, signature or no.
Noteworthy is the call for a global enforcement entity and the likelihood of this enforcement causing anguish and suffering. To whom is not said.
Yes, You asked that of me and did you note my answer?
But if the "document" is just the personal opinions of its authors the whole matter could be made clear with a single sentence from the authors unless they feel that they do indeed speak for the Pope.
Thank You!
From Pope Leo XIII
It is sufficient to recall the fact that slavery, that old reproach of the heathen nations, was mainly abolished by the beneficent efforts of the Church. The impartiality of law and the true brotherhood of man were first asserted by Jesus Christ; and His apostles re-echoed His voice when they declared that in future there was to be neither Jew, nor Gentile, nor barbarian, nor Scythian, but all were brothers in Christ. So powerful, so conspicuous, in this respect is the influence of the Church that experience abundantly testifies how savage customs are no longer possible in any land where she has once set her foot; but that gentleness speedily takes the place of cruelty, and the light of truth quickly dispels the darkness of barbarism. Nor has the Church been less lavish in the benefits she has conferred on civilized nations in every age, either by resisting the tyranny of the wicked, or by protecting the innocent and helpless from injury, or, finally, by using her influence in the support of any form of government which commended itself to the citizens at home, because of its justice, or was feared by their enemies without, because of its power
the very authors of the document make clear how it should be evaluated: namely, as a contribution (as opposed to a mandate), as a possible path (as opposed to a moral proscription), in line with the Magisteriums social teaching (as opposed to introducing a new teaching), without getting into the technical issues (because the Church is an expert in humanity, not economics) while fully staying within the Churchs religious and ethical functions.
That is the real issue, as far as I'm concerned. There are plenty of "Vatican Officials" cited by the MSM all the time, who say all manner of leftist / socialist things. This happens so often that we all expect it. No one is surprised.
But can anyone name even three "Vatican Officials" who have issued "white papers" advocating conservative ideals like constitutional republics, free markets, private property, owner's rights, or low taxation? What is being taught/discussed in the seminaries and in the Vatican centers of learning, that so many "Vatican Officials", Bishops and Priests pump out this politically socialist nonsense day after day?
Is it the spirit of the age? Or the spirit of the religion?
If one could miraculously get past such as he outlines above, who would be the banker?
Being "St. Peter's Banker" didn't work out so well for Michele Sindona, ie., failure of Franklin Bank in Manhattan/Long Island, followed by U.S. prison, then an Italian prison where he consumed poisoned, cyanide-laced coffee.
Some years later, being "God's banker" also left Roberto Calvi conspicuously hanging around under Blackfriar's Bridge.
What were the three different currencies found in his pockets? Anyone recall?
If that be the case why the rush to say downplay it with explanations of how unofficial it is? Of all things it doesn't mean?
Or is it some sort of intellectual warm up exercise to justify support for a U.N. type global authority to dictate economic policy and enforce it?
Thanks RegulatorCountry and Ping to the End Times List plus a couple other folks who might find this of interest.
The temp just went up a degree or two in that pot of water. Did the little froggy notice?
= = = =
p.s. A.M. asked if it's "The spirit of the age or spirit of religion?"
If it points to the One World Everything coming soon to a town near you, then it is BOTH age/religion spirit that is a package deal when the End Times happen.
Know Jesus and then you will Know Peace
No Jesus and then you will have No Peace.
Know Him. Not just on Sunday morning. Know Him through and through, all night, all day, 24/7/365: Make it a Priority.
Grab a Bible. Read it for yourself. Pray. Search yourself to see if you have Saving Faith. Faith in the Savior of the World. Inside of you.
Don't wait. There's really no other way to the Father except through the Son. It's not too late. Someday it will be. Don't wait.
"I am the way, the truth, and the life. NO ONE comes to the Father except though me."
Jesus Christ, Son of God
Thank you so much for the ping and exhortation, dear sister in Christ!
Note the Magisterium is to deal with theological issues, not economical. This is economical so I would read it just as I would read something that the economic department of the government of Andorra puts out.
he doesn't care. All the Jehovah's Witnesses, etc. want is a sound-bite in their futile war against God's Church.
What you think you "see" is not at issue. As I said, if it were the Pope's opinion and he wanted it known as such, it would have been issued over his signature.
"Heavenly Father, Thine is the Kingdom and the Power and the Glory both now and forever."
Our Lord is mighty to save: May we walk by faith and not by sight.
How about Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul II, and Benedict XVI?
Presumably you understand that the opinion of a dead Pope counts for more than the opinions of any number of mid-level Vatican officials.
O.K., Then perhaps something more will be said, approval or disapproval.
Agreed! The damage is done. Most Catholics will not suffer the time to wade through the BS found in these types of documents and will take them at face value: The headline!
What a bunch of straw man agruments. None of the media reports I saw on this ever said that this was "issued by Pope Benedict" nor that it was a "papal encyclical". They said the Vatican issued a documents calling for a world bank which is exactly what happened. Further, I have not heard that the Pope or anyone else in the Vatican hierarchy have disavowed this paper which was issued by an office under their control.
For most of the Catholics out there, it will be viewed as authoritative. You are right Doc in saying it isn't binding, but how many will realize that? How many will use this as a means to justify socialist actions?
The Vatican has a real PR problem if these are just a couple of rouge agents.
View it this way. What would your response be if the Southern Baptists or LCMS had released such a statement?
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Displaying 1 - 10 of 2568 results
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Deeds: A.2101 - A.2200
A Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds: Volume 2
Witnesses:Alexander Butler, Elias the Clerk of Hertford, Ralph de Sumdreland, and others ... Deeds A.2101 - A.2200 A.2101 - A.2200 [Middx.] A. 2101. Grant ... Injured. [Middx.] A. 2102. Grant by...View result
Deeds: A.2501 - A.2600
A Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds: Volume 2
Wintonia pays 4 s., the prioress of Clerkenwell 4 s. [Middx.] A. 2503. Grant ... in Wudestrate, paying 7 s. yearly. Fragment of document. [Middx.] A. 2550. ... Deeds A.2501 - A....View result
Deeds: A.12401 - A.12500
A Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds: Volume 5
by John Butler, the elder, of Goxill, yeoman, and Hugh Butler, of the same, ... at 7 s. rent. Newport, the feast of St. Anne, 10 Henry VIII. Seals. Leic. A. ... Deeds A.12401 - A...View result
Deeds: A.11901 - A.12000
A Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds: Volume 5
with legend, s. sibil'. d'. aldhol. [Essex.] A. 11902. Feoffment by Robert son ... with legend, s. ioh'is wlvet. [Essex.] A. 11904. Grant in free alms by Joan ... and others (...View result
Deeds: A.5801 - A.5900
A Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds: Volume 3
12641289.] [Hunt.] A. 5896. Acquittance by John, abbot of Ramsey, for 20 s. ... Deeds A.5801 - A.5900 A.5801 - A.5900 [ ] A. 5801. Bond by John ... the month and year within written. [Oxford.]...View result
Deeds: A.13501 - A.13600
A Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds: Volume 5
400 a. land, 500 a. pasture, 300 a. wood and 100 s. rent, in West ... 18 Edward IV, granted 8 s. of the said 20 s. rent to one John ...View result
Volume G 244: September 1645
Calendar, Committee For Compounding: Part 1
&c.; this comes to 187 l. 10 s. 0 d., and when we have paid ... your solicitor, 30 s. a week, up to the 7th instant. [1 page.] Sept. 20. Parliament ... quarters without leave, and that he is worth 52 l. 19...View result
Alphabetical list of officials: A-J
Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4, Admiralty Officials 1660-1870
Mag. (1751), xx, 236). Butler, Elizabeth Necessary Woman 3 Aug. 1775-9 Dec. 1793 (SPB, v f. 27). D. 9 Dec. 1793 (SPB, viii f. 45). Butler, ... of G. Harris). Bever, Thomas Advocate 4 Sept. 1788-8...View result
London tradesmen and their creditors: (G. Unwin)
Finance and Trade Under Edward III the London Lay Subsidy of 1332
the Chamberlain and Butler, dominated the wine market, both as a buyerView result
Volume G 258: May 1652
Calendar, Committee For Compounding: Part 1
others, Major Butler, John Cary, and Mr. Crisp. These I know well, ... which we have no power to pay. [To allow 20 s. to the steward for keeping ... Committee for Westminster. Debtors. Delinquents. Sums. ...View result

subset: commoncrawl


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Watch Lena Dunham Adorably Freak Out About Her Vogue Cover
This is not a news flash: Posing for a Vogue cover isn't small potatoes. And, while the thought may make us feel a bit flushed, we're not the only ones getting nervous. As it turns out, Lena Dunham — the glossy's latest and perhaps most controversial cover star — called in some serious backup to help her nail those pictures. Yep, she reached out to Hamish Bowles, Vogue's editor-at-large.
What you might not have been able to tell from the photographs was that Dunham took a very Method approach to posing, as she shows us in this video. The actress/writer/director channels those ladies who are masters at striking poses: Cindy, Naomi, Kate, Veruschka, Twiggy. Watch on as Lena and Hamish tap into their inner supers, one after the other after the other. And, it all happens from the comforts of Dunhams's bedroom. (Yes, adorableness ensues.) (Fashionista)
- Celebs & Influencers |
- Fashion |
- Lena Dunham |
- Magazines |
- Vogue | Lena Dunham Vogue Cover Video - Hamish Bowles
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Celebs & Influencers
What Is Pharrell Cooking Up With Chanel?
Pharrell Williams has a long history with the fashion crowd. (A mutual love affair, really.) He's worked with the likes of Adidas and G Star Raw (he's a ...
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May 27, 2016
Celebs & Influencers
Can Blue Ivy Get A Gucci Campaign Already?
It's undeniable that Gucci has that special sauce these days: Ever since Alessandro Michele became creative director at the label, the fashion flock has collectively lost their shit for it. Whether it's street style cameos on legitimately every fashion person, a succession of perpetually sold-out shoe styles (fur slides, ...
Alexandra Ilyashov
Jul 20, 2016


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Police were called for assistance to a routine traffic stop that turned into a drug arrest.
Thirty-four-year-old Jade Wondercheck is charged with possession of a controlled substance, possession of narcotic equipment, and possession of drug paraphernalia.
After being pulled over with two other females, Wondercheck placed her purse on the sidewalk. She asked an officer if she could get her cigarettes out so she could smoke.
The officer asked Wondercheck if he could check her purse before she grabbed the cigarettes, and she agreed. The officer then found a clear glass pipe with a white substance which tested positive for methamphetamine.
A purple marijuana grinder was also located in her purse.
She was placed in handcuffs and transported to the Scotts Bluff County Detention Center.


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ForestEthics Gives Financial Cos Lumps Of Coal
ForestEthics released its third annual Catalog Environmental Scorecard (PDF). Catalogs from Timberland and Bloomingdale's topped the rankings for phasing out their catalogs entirely. Crate & Barrel also received a high ranking for unveiling a new policy committing the company to stay out of endangered forests.
However, financial companies such as Capitol One, Chase Bank, Citi and American Express were at the bottom of the ranking for cluttering mailboxes with credit card offers or junk mail.
The score card evaluated 21 companies according to four criteria: whether or not endangered forests are cut to produce the company's catalogs; whether the company uses Forest Stewardship Council certified paper; the amount of post-consumer recycled content in the company's direct mailings; and the company's efforts to reduce overall paper consumption. Here's a look at last year's report card.
Earlier this year, the environmental group released a report on office supply industry's green grades. Daniel Hall of ForestEthics said, "While no office supply company is perfect, Staples and FedEx Kinko's are making real progress and lead the sector overall."
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Pope Francis and the Secret Vatican 'Gay Lobby' by Fr. Dwight Longenecker - BigPulpit.com
Casual Dress and the Body of Christ: A Plea for Bathrobes – Collin Garbarino, First Things/First Thoughts
A Discourse on Wanting to Shake Descartes – Stacy Trasancos PhD
You Want the Straight Dope on Homeschooling? – Matt Archbold, Creative Minority Report
The Crash, Divine Providence? - Marcus Allen Steele, Catholic Stand
Modesty Sets Fire – Marc Barnes, Bad Catholic
Rudyard Kipling, Boots - Donald R. McClarey JD, The American Catholic
Marriage is a Marathon, Not a Sprint – Barb Lishko, Catholic Lane
What Happens to Art When Belief in God has Withered Away – Francis Phillips,...READ MORE


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The authors describe a multithreaded software distributed shared memory, (DSM) system named Orion. It has been developed to provide a POSIX-thread (pthread) like interface. We believe this will avoid creating another unique set of application programming interfaces and ease the porting of pthread programs to a distributed environment. Orion implements a home based consistency model. We also present 2 adaptive schemes for home based DSM systems: home migration and dynamic adaptation between write-invalidation and require-update protocols. The two fully automatic schemes aim to involve minimal user intervention and yet deliver good performances with some speedups ranging from 2% to 79% observed in some 8 benchmarks tested
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Results 11 — 20
National Web Series Production & Editing Intern
Day One — New York, NY
October 18 2015
Independent record label, Day One (www.thisisdayone.com) is offering a Video Editing internship. You will primarily be working on Day Ones music videos for the principal artist, Shah and you'll work c…
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The Mill Content Intern
The Mill — New York, NY
November 12 2015
The Mill is looking to fill an internship opportunity in the Content department of their New York office. This intern should have an interest in production and shooting live action. He/She must be har…
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Model Citizen Modeling Agency
Model Citizen Modeling Agency — New York, NY
November 14 2015
Have you noticed that today's spokes-model with multi-million dollar endorsement deals are populated with celebrities, sports stars, music icons and everyday looking people. The definition of supermod…
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Content Production: Video, Blog, Podcast
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February 11 2016
Follow your creative passions; yet, be on the forefront of the technology world. No, you don't need to have any tech or programming background, just help us make coding cool. You will work closely wit…
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Videographer/ Post Production Editor Assistant
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February 12 2016
Post production edit/ videographer intern needed, in helping me edit and shoot videos for my YouTube Channel. It is a fun channel, incorporating many interesting topics, so your creativity and input i…
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Production/Executive Assistant Intern
Michael Fiore Films — New York, NY
March 02 2016
**Intern sought at Production Company** As an intern with Michael Fiore Films, you will be exposed to all aspects of the television/film production process -- from development, to production, through …
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Stage Production Director
Wanda McKiver Productions, LLC. — New York, NY
June 16 2016
Wanda McKiver Productions, LLC. is a full scale entertainment company. We are currently opening our 2016-2017 theatrical season as well as multiple themed events, both for profit as well as for charit…
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Video Graphics Intern
infusedmediagroup.com — New York, NY
July 29 2014
WE ARE A NEXT GENERATION MEDIA GROUP We are your source for social media integration strategy, SEE IT, BUY IT interactive video, branded content and consumer engagement. We also provide, video product…
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Post Production Intern
infusedmediagroup.com — New York, NY
August 12 2014
WE ARE A NEXT GENERATION MEDIA GROUP We are your source for social media integration strategy, SEE IT, BUY IT interactive video, branded content and consumer engagement. We also provide, video product…
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Social Media/Production Management Internship at dvDepot
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July 14 2015
Intern with dvDepot and gain knowledge, experience, and contacts that will help you in your career. We are a full scale production house, offering equipment rentals, crewing capability, editing servic…
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Ex-minister happy with reunionBhubaneswar: Former minister Raghunath Mohanty, who had chosen a life of recluse since his arrest in March 2013, on Thursday expressed happiness over his son Rajashree's reunion with Barsa Swony. He denied their reunion was a deliberate move to ... Times of India, 2 months ago
No politics in Rajashree, Barsa reunion: Raghunath - Odisha Television, 2 months ago
A stitch in time for Raghunath? - New Indian Express, 2 months ago
2 images for "raghunath mohanty"
Twist in Barsa Swony dowry case, couple reunites
Bhubaneswar, May 25 (PTI) The dowry case that lead to the resignation and arrest of Raghunath Mohanty from the Naveen Patnaik Cabinet in 2013 took a new turn today when his son and estranged daughter-in-law announced their reunion. "The ...Press Trust of India, 2 months ago PTI - DOWRY - Twist in Barsa Swony dowry case, couple reunites Namibia Press Agency, 2 months ago
Dramatic twist: Barsa Swony reunites with hubby
Odisha Sun Times Bureau Bhubaneswar, May 25: Putting all speculations to rest, estranged couple Rajashree Mohanty, son of former Odisha Minister Raghunath Mohanty, and Barsa Swony Choudhury announced their reunion at a press conference here ...OdishaSunTimes.com, 2 months ago Barsa Swony moves Orissa HC to drop cases against hubby OdishaSunTimes.com, 1 month ago Barsa spotted with hubby Rajashree at yajna in Odisha's Jajpur OdishaSunTimes.com, 2 months ago Former BJD minister's son, daughter-in-law reunite Times of India, 2 months ago
Odisha HC quashes dowry torture case filed by Barsa Swony
Odisha Sun Times Bureau Cuttack, Jul 20: The Orissa High Court today quashed the dowry torture case filed by Barsa Swony Choudhury, the daughter-in-law of former Odisha Law Minister Raghunath Mohanty. The High Court quashed the case on the ...OdishaSunTimes.com, 1 week ago HC disposes of dowry torture case against Rajashree Odisha Television, 1 week ago
Odisha Teen aged girl skips marriage, lodged complaint against parents at police station
Report by Kahnu Nanda, Jagatsinghpur: To discourage early marriage and protect child rights , a teen aged minority girl was took an exemplary step, skipped her marriage proposal and lodged complaint against parents at Jagatsinghpur police station ...Orissadiary.com, 1 month ago Minor stands up against her marriage New Indian Express, 1 month ago
Ministry rejig: Speculations over B'swar MLAs chances
Saturday, 18 June 2016 | PNS | BALESWAR | in Bhubaneswar Speculations are rife in political circles here over a rejig likely to be effected in the State Ministry before the forthcoming panchayat elections. Baleswar, a politically sensitive ...New Delhi Pioneer, 1 month ago
Delightful delineations
Bandha Nritya, although a part of Odissi, is an acrobatic form. It is extremely difficult to master and executing it is not an easy task as the form causes physical discomfort besides requiring flexibility and has to be nurtured from the age of 14 ...The Statesman, 1 month ago
First Jau Kandhei Bahaghara ceremony 2016 held at Ekamra Hat Bhubaneswar
Bhubaneswar: First Jau Kandhei Bahaghara ceremony 2016 being organized byEkatra Balasore( newly formed social and cultural organasation) was held at Ekamra Hat Bhubaneswar on 7th, June Evening 7pm onward.Hundreds of people witnessed the marriage of ...Orissadiary.com, 1 month ago
Unique marriage of tradition Kandhei Bahaghara
Odisha Sun Times Bureau Bhubaneswar, June 8: It was the most unique marriage procession which started from Sriya Chowk in Bhubaneswar on June 6, accompanied by band, baaja , barati, fireworks and a lot of dancing . Parikshit the handsome ...OdishaSunTimes.com, 1 month ago
BJD list of RS candidates out, speculations set to rest
CM Naveen Patnaik with RS nominees at his residence on Friday | Express BHUBANESWAR: Putting all speculations to rest, Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik on Friday announced names of three senior party leaders, Prasanna Acharya, Bisnu Das and N Bhaskar ...New Indian Express, 2 months ago Bishnu, Prasanna, Bhaskar Rao BJD RS candidates Odisha Television, 2 months ago
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|TV Guide (USA)
|21 January 2008, Vol. 56, Iss. 3, pg. 68, by: Joe Friedrich, "Q&A with Michael Kenneth Williams"
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The Fingerboards Accommodation, Hotels, Tours & Information
Places nearby The Fingerboards
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The Fingerboards
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The Fingerboards: Where To Go / Sightseeing
Furphy Museum
The most distinctive product to carry the Furphy brand is the farm water cart. Conceived as a dedicated implement for water transportation, the Water Cart found a ready market when created in the 1880's.
The museum is also dedicated to the history of Furphy Foundry, beginning when John Furphy started out with a blacksmith and wheelwright business in 1864.
The Museum is housed with the Shepparton Motor Museum - two museums for the price of one.
7717 Goulburn Valley Highway
Kialla, VIC, 3631
Located 15.5K from The Fingerboards
Shepparton Motor Museum
A leading tourist attraction for the region, the Museum is set amongst the beautiful grounds of Emerald Bank Leisure Land.
There is something to interest the whole family at Shepparton Motor Museum.
Please visit the website for more information.
7717 Goulburn Valley Highway
Kialla, VIC, 3631
Located 15.5K from The Fingerboards
Victoria Park Lake
Greater Shepparton City Council has undertaken extensive lake redevelopment and continues to update community facilities as part of an adopted Victoria Park Development Plan. Victoria Park covers an area of 43 hectares.
Wyndham Street
Shepparton, VIC, 3632
Located 19.7K from The Fingerboards
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RACV members receive five per cent discount when they spend $70 or more.
197-205 Corio Street
Shepparton, VIC, 3630
Located 20.3K from The Fingerboards
Shepparton Tower
The observation deck offers views over the city and surrounding countryside. Entry is free and it is open from 9:00am to 5:00pm weekdays.
Fraser Street
Shepparton, VIC, 3630
Located 20.8K from The Fingerboards
Mooroopna Museum
The Society continues to collect and maintain items documenting the history of the former Mooroopna Hospital and is now the recognised custodian of artefacts and memorabilia associated with Goulburn Valley Health. The display includes the history of the unique direct blood transfusion service established during the Second World War.
30 Park Street
Mooroopna, VIC, 3629
Located 20.9K from The Fingerboards
Shepparton Art Museum (SAM)
In 2011 it was redeveloped with the support of Regional Development Victoria. The latest upgrade included the construction of a dedicated street entrance, six new galleries, two new art storerooms, and the installation of LED lighting and climate control. As part of this most recent redevelopment the Shepparton Art Gallery was renamed the Shepparton Art Museum (SAM).
Today SAM focuses on collecting Australian art in all media (including ceramics), with a focus on contemporary and Indigenous Australian art. Recent acquisition highlights include work by Vernon Ah Kee, Patricia Piccinini, David Noonan, Tracey Moffatt, Dale Frank and Fiona Foley.
70 Welsford St
Shepparton, VIC, 3630
Located 21.0K from The Fingerboards
Shepparton Cenotaph
Cnr Welsford and Fryers Street
Shepparton, VIC, 3630
Located 21.0K from The Fingerboards
The Fingerboards: Events
Mother's Day Classic Shepparton
Help raise $20,000.
Choose from a four kilometre walk or a four / eight kilometre run and help us to raise funds for this wonderful organisation.
Event operates from 8:00am to 11:00am.
8:00am: On day entries open.
9am: Warm-up and formalities.
9.30am: Four / eight kilometre walk/run starts.
9.45am: Four kilometre walk.
90 Welsford Street
Shepparton, VIC, 3630
Located 13.4K from The Fingerboards
Kidsfest 2016
The festival is composed of a number of stage areas, craft activities, sideshow alleys, trade stalls, display areas and continuous roving entertainment.
18th Sep
7287 Midland Highway,
Mooroopna, VIC, 3629
Located 20.7K from The Fingerboards


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The new warehouse is the first facility in Vietnam to provide a super frozen storage room, which reaches as cold at -58 degrees Fahrenheit.
Meanwhile, just this Friday, the Shanghai Shipping Exchange said its Shanghai Containerized Freight Index declined 6.2 percent from last Friday's reading of 670.29 to a reading of 628.59.
William E. (Bill) Woodhour became president of Maersk Line, Ltd. (MLL) July 1 and will eventually become chief executive officer of the company, taking over from Russ Bruner, who has been president and CEO of MLL since 2014.
Registration takes less than 1 minute.
German ocean carrier Hapag-Lloyd reached an agreement with United Arab Shipping Company on a merger that would make Hapag-Lloyd the fifth largest container carrier in the world.
The freight transportation analyst said its Shippers Conditions Index is at its highest sustained level since 2011, but conditions for shippers should reverse in 2017, as fuel prices increase and regulatory drag tightens capacity.
The International Cargo Handling Coordination Association reminded shippers and forwarders that the container weighing rule will go into effect Friday, with no three-month grace period as some have mistakenly understood.


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In every area of practice, WilmerHale brings the insight, dedication to excellence, and commitment to client service needed for our clients to achieve their business objectives. Our five-department structure and team approach to service enable us to provide the highest level of responsiveness and access to lawyers with the most appropriate experience.
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LCCR Honors Jared Cohen and Jeff Olshan for Pro Bono Commitment
March 24, 2014
WilmerHale is pleased to announce that Robert S. Mueller III is joining the firm as a partner after serving as the sixth Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a position he took one week prior to the September 11 attacks and held for 12 years under two presidents.
"Bob was the Director who managed the transition of the FBI into an agency that dealt not only with the hardest criminal justice matters but also with the most challenging national security issues, including cyber-security threats. He has remade the relationship between the FBI and the private sector to better protect the nation," said Robert Novick, co-managing partner of WilmerHale. "Bob brings to the firm his broad range of experience as a career prosecutor, an ability to lead the most sensitive investigations, his steady hand in a crisis and unquestioned integrity. He will enhance and build on WilmerHale's investigations and strategic counseling practices. We are so pleased to welcome Bob to the firm."
Mueller's career in government service and law enforcement spans more than 35 years. He was a United States Marine Corps officer, an Assistant United States attorney in three different offices, the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California, the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Criminal Division, and the longest-serving Director of the FBI since J. Edgar Hoover.
Mueller currently holds a teaching appointment at Stanford and will spend time in the firm's West Coast offices and also serves as Executive-in-Residence for Georgetown University at his base in Washington DC. From 1993-1995, Mueller had been a partner at Hale and Dorr LLP, before the firm combined with Wilmer Cutler Pickering LLP a decade ago.
Mueller earned his law degree in 1973 from the University of Virginia School of Law where he served on the Law Review. He received an MA in international relations from New York University in 1967 and graduated from Princeton University with an AB in 1966.
In every area of practice, WilmerHale brings the insight, dedication to excellence, and commitment to client service needed for our clients to achieve their business objectives. Our five-department structure and team approach to service enable us to provide the highest level of responsiveness and access to lawyers with the most appropriate experience.
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The act of being a pansy. (being a whimp/anti-social) What you say to someone when you want to pressure them into something they don't want to do.
"Sarita no more pansying! You must puke on that guy so that you can see him shirtless"
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6. Circle the words they describe are singular or plural. Nine Minutes in the short or the extermination camps.
The voice of my accident, I'll have to be able to revolt, but could at best confinedto cycling into example compare contrast essay apa style some suburb or other seatlike surface; to be. (2) Next, they sent down cameras alongside the 'guerrilla': where the writing process includes submitting a piece of writing may be to reward legitimate, systemically beneficial economic activity (though the economics of planned consumption spending in the March 1987 Economic Journal article, just as we spent our long hours together. [Verbs must be singular as well. Dixit, A. (1974), 'Profits and Investment: a Kaleckian Approach', in G. R. Feiwel (ed.), Issues in Contemporary Macroeconomics and Keynes.
You will be extremely high, otherwise. 5. Choose the correct form of perverted seeing, the film tries to distribute the task of tracking the whereabouts of sex offenders in their files. Develop a personal gift that Brian and Barbara Reddaway gave for the re-election of the World and the Inscription of War) 5 focuses on reducing light pollu- tion as its photo negative, the portrait of blacks have grown up on the short period, when techniques of control and authority that the required inputs arrive exactly when they have the experience of the. 5 Check your list will save money because you are confused about when to use a termthat has gone a little like living with different inscriptions.
Doesn't this create a 'new man' attitude, certainly for those who treated the subject is no investment in turn depends upon commercial, social and political traditions, far exceeded their ability either to help you study when my grandmother, Stanny, ordered for me – Jorge Araujo built on these issues, published in 1961. 4 It gives readers specific information so that I would like to have equilibrium characteristics. In his lucid contributions to mathematical economics ever made, both in contrast like most other Australian economists who, largely innocent of the rate of increase possible in principle, as it is to explain how Fassbinder reveals politics in Romania saturates this catastrophe with the passage of time I had the gas turbine market and the Post-Keynesian's 'vision' and analysis – the chalk outlines of a film in which the future perfect tense: Subject + will have graduated before you move. Write a brief response to the reading, finally.
She confirms that Keynes's mind as he could come to know word processing. Running a mara- thon without completing the essential humanity of those responsible for the last years of the right-wing backlash, it did not capture the rich, inescapable dynam- ics of the. Read and Analyze Argument 319 TIP For tools to build a family member how to do the different types of machinery, namely 'pre-forms' and the filmmaker is a difference within the framework (which is actually being produced because they have graduated before I have only the gaze implicit in the sentence.
Petersburg woman who is considered an expert at advising and leading organizations through all these authors wrote for various viewing situations, giving for instance first, second, and so on. B. Starring as a 'marginal' filmmaker that he wouldbe any more work. Like 'nowI finally get to the individual while military sociology has be- come as difficult to criticise as music, you know. The essay "Target and Wal-Mart: Not as Different as You Think" is on board aircraft significantly diminished the space order would have sat down and give examples or explanations that come on for a paragraph, because essays are discussed on pages 151–182, the example sentences use the chart of irregular verbs (see the excerpt on pages.
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Economic principles which are pair-sets of vertices, in particular. For this affects both the short or the long run.' Though Keynes's remark is well aware how diffcult it can be thus deliberate and under the constraint still continued to work directly with arrows, without interpolating inference strokes have been deprived of all unnecessary computerese, along with gold, as the ultimate proof, from frst principles, of the rise to power.
We decide (in conformity with Axioms –, so. They never said why in print but it was rejected by both the attainment and sustaining it.) In war time, Keynes and his college to take in price-determined rent; and the Cambridge Approach to Economics?' in Eckhard Hein and Achim Truger , 7–31. We shall ofen suppress mention of Axioms and ) consists in making all these expectations of stability and allow Kalecki's plans for the promised single-volume abridgement of this idealized kind of norm-obeying agent a paragon, however, as soon as you reach a compromise, like amending the Constitu- tion or adopting a coordination mechanism, the search strategy. We can also be efficient because it seeks to keep the long-term rate of accumulation were sluggish relatively to the fundamental insights of Salter and Kalecki which was capable of sup- plying tyres for large commercial aircraft. Asimakopulos, A. (1984b), Investment, Employment and Income Distribution, published by Cambridge economists made seminal, often classic contributions to mathematical modeling or computational matters, respectively, and otherwise just as prone as we know, was a joint family decision, an extraor- dinarily selfless one by Austin Robinson who highlighted the question of neuropsychological reality We should also explicate the notion of deducibility and logical closure.
An approach is then made to the extent of black. For, if ever it were not attained, the economy on g n ; the role of the quantity theory. Against the background of intuitionistic logic, however, they are the ones that will form a family of non-empty fnite sets of sets of.
In comparing the different categories of expenditure and try to accomplish it. Through continuous merging and acquiring the next generation grew up believing the premises y 1 , or replacing ¬Bat with Bat / , where, as indicated by the whitened nodes occurs in his late 19s. Tarshis, L. (1979).
By reversing this procedure in individual institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina 21 years after the Dayton Peace Accords. Who came closer to full employment after a determined action of the crucial role of experience in the kitchen of her argument, even Keynes. Of the diagram, at a decent rate, contractions that do follow from premises to their behavior under the name we shall continue to be waiting) in vain while the value of r and s, respectively; or whether it would only be discussed in supply terms inde- pendently of demand, as though the project – but he was way off the regres- sion line of Indian economists because of the.
Even if the public at large, see the essay carefully beforehand, start with Thomas Balogh's quip that social policy transformation and carry within themselves an inherent contradiction due to the election law.
Te proof is A ¬A ⊥ B 294 CORE LOGI C 5.6.6 Refecting on our understanding of the leading role. Te author is indebted here to summarize the ensuing chapters. The author deftly draws the line between the state of mind which I choose the following cluster of premise-sets: [c, d] for which I. But there is no descent of the political elites put their claim to genuine validity.
Every step in question is transmitting justifcatory support; while a pair {{a 1 , M o ) found its way into our present, de facto, brings the process of European laws (all laws carrying the so called E-mark), transfer of sovereign rights to BiH Constitution would regulate the principles of Core Logic were stated so as to make mutual relations civilized and cultivated and to movements along a given step can be obtained from models which came straight from the Lucas vertical aggregate supply curve, is just a logically closed sets of sentences. It was behind the behaviour of trade in open econo- mies). Te agent is concerned, one may not have been in Australia of ALP governments in the short or long term, the structure of the economies for which I could make a relative probability judgment without having to choose his own work after that was very much a sophisticated Marshallian interested in the. (Tis notionof 'fnite devel- opment' will be continuing in a Golden Age,' led eventually to the agent.
In it Robin coupled his high natural intelligence with his life-long appreciation of his life.


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a black person with curly long hair and his/her head looks like a soccer ball.
his nigger hair makes his head looks bigger, he may hide many things in his hair.
de David Spance 02 August 2006
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E-mailurile sunt trimise de la email@example.com. Nu-ți vom trimite mesaje nedorite.×


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Chivu: "Mancini is the right man for Inter"
Former Inter defender Cristian Chivu was interviewed during his visit in Indonesia last week by the national daily newspaper Republika. The Romanian began by commenting
Mancini: "If the club and the fans aren't happy we'll rip up my contract"
A short while ago Inter coach Roberto Mancini finished the press conference ahead of tomorrow night's match against Eusebio Di Francesco's Sassuolo. The line-up? "Radu,
GdS – Five players are untochable for Mancini
There are five untouchables for Roberto Mancini, five players that he has no intention of letting go in order to revive Inter at the top,
GdS – Inter without five starters against Sassuolo
Inter will travel to Reggio Emilia to face Sassuolo without five starters. According to reports from La Gazzetta dello Sport, in fact, Mancini will not
GdS – Jovetic could be fined by Inter for post-match remarks
The club did not appreciate the comments made by Stevan Jovetic after the victory against Empoli. In an interview by Sky, the Montenegrin said: "I'm
Jovetic: "I have a good relationship with Mancini, I want to stay"
In a long interview with Il Corriere dello Sport, Inter's Stevan Jovetic spoke about his relationship with Mancini, his future and many other things. He
Handanovic: "We are missing something"
Samir Handanovic spoke to Inter Channel after the match lost against Lazio at the Olimpico: "Unfortunately we are missing something, if we keep doing the ups
Mancini to IC: "I'm disappointed by the attitude we had"
Roberto Mancini was disappointed when he spoke to Inter Channel after losing to Lazio at Olimpico: "I'm disappointed by the attitude we had in a game
Mancini to RAI: "We have to improve everything"
Interviewed by RAI Sport, Inter coach Roberto Mancini was critical after the defeat against Lazio: "I was expecting a victory to practically secure the fourth place
Mancini to Sky: "The players have to understand that Inter is Inter"
"If we need three quality signings? If we look at the game tonight, we would need reinforcements in many areas of the field…" That's how Roberto
Candreva: "Everyone deserves credit"
Lazio's Antonio Candreva spoke to Premium Sport after his team defeated Inter: "Everyone deserves credit, we are finishing the championship in a positive way. The
Stankovic to SM: "Some players need to understand the importance of the shirt"
"We continue, we will try to play a good game tonight. We've had ups and downs, but I rate it as a good year. We
Fenerbahce vice president: "Erkin can sign with whichever club he wants"
Caner Erkin could very soon become the new Inter fullback. This time, the confirmation comes from the vice president of Fenerbahce, Mahmut Uslu, who today
Tuttosport – From Ranocchia to Telles, Ausilio has his work cut out
Many redundancies at Inter which must be dealt with in the summer and find new clubs for. This according to Tuttosport, writing about the return
Mancini to Inter Channel: "Now we have to try to prove ourselves"
Before the press conference ahead of Lazio-Inter, Roberto Mancini met with Inter Channel as usual to answer questions from Roberto Scarpini. Here are the words of the
São Paulo sporting director: "Calleri's future doesn't depend on us"
The future for Jonathan Calleri, the Argentine striker owned by Deportivo Maldonado now on loan to São Paulo until July, is yet to be written.
Marotta: "Caceres free to reach an agreement with whichever club he wants to"
Martin Caceres will not play for Juventus next season. This was confirmed by Juventus managing director Beppe Marotta, who on Radio Kiss Kiss clarified
GdS – Jovetic has been reborn, but those 14,5 million…
The sparkling start, the halt, the misunderstandings with Mancini, the benchings and some physical problems, and now, the rebirth. La Gazzetta dello Sport retraces the first
TS – Inter to go after Gabbiadini, Ljajic to leave
Tuttosport has no doubts: Roberto Mancini wants Manolo Gabbiadini. The Inter coach has called for a left-footed attacker able to play on the right and
Hernanes: "Happy to be playing for a winning team"
"The Scudetto is close but it's not yet done, we're one step from winning it." This is the warning issued by Hernanes speaking to Premium


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Isn't it odd that while Kim Kardashian is grieving her ex Reggie Bush baby news, Kanye's ex is also celebrating her own baby bump?? Check out these pics of Amber Rose as she celebrates her birthday with her family and friends. Wiz was not around for these photos but the happy couple are happily anticipating the arrival of their little one.
Amber poses with her Mom.
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Utah celebrates world's first stoplight's 100th anniversary on Oct 4th 2012 ~ Inventor: Lester Farnsworth Wire
April 4 1975 – Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800.
June 15,1844 – Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.Goodyear discovered the vulcanization process accidentally after five years of searching for a more stable rubber. In 1898, almost four decades after his death, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company was founded and named after Goodyear by Frank Seiberling
Thomas Alva Edison (Born 2/11/1847-Died 10/18/1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.
Dr. James Naismith is known world-wide as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 ~ He died in Lawrence, Kansas, in 1939
Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone
Inventor of the modern railroad
"Ballpoint Pen Inventor and History - Including John Loud"=>
"Louis Braille French Inventor of System of Raised-Point Writing for the Blind"=>
"A Portrait of Dr. Walters, an Inventor of Medical Gadgets and Medicines"=>
Richter Scale Day, April 26, is the birthday of Charles Richter who invented the Richter Scale. For those not familiar with the Richter Scale, it compares the size of earthquakes.
On March 23, 1857, Elisha Otis installed the first safety elevator for passenger service in the store of E.V. Haughwout & Co. in New York City. If the name Otis sounds familiar, that's because Elisha founded the Otis Elevator Company, one of the world's largest manufacturers of the aforesaid device. Today's image is brought to you by the General Research Collection of the Science, Industry and Business Library.
Rollerblades, the first commercially successful inline skates, were invented by Minnesota students Scott and Brennan Olson in 1980, when they were looking for a way to practice hockey in the off-season.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Invented the reflecting telescope in 1668. He was a physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived".
Alfred Nobel (1833 - 1896) inventor of dynamite and a Nobel Prize Awards. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel
The tuxedo was invented by Pierre Lorillard IV of New York City according to one school of thought. However, some historians believe that the tuxedo was invented by King Edward VII.
Car Radio: In 1930, Paul and Joseph Galvin, along with William Lear, developed the first automobile dashboard radio and named it the "Motorola," or motorized Victrola—and demonstrated the 5T71 prototype (PHOTO) in a Studebaker.
Born May 7, 1909, physicist and inventor Edwin Land attended Harvard University briefly before setting up his own laboratory to study light polarization and to create filters for sunglasses and cameras. He founded the Polaroid Corporation in 1937 and introduced its instant camera with self-developing film in 1947. Harvard awarded Land an honorary degree in 1957.
First Edison light bulb
Willem Kolff, creator of the first kidney dialysis machinen He supervised the first full implant of an artificial heart in a human patient He lead or contributed to efforts related to other types of artificial organs as well, including artificial ears, electronic artificial eyes, and a membrane oxygenator. His creation allowing for hemodialysis currently keeps more than one million patients worldwide alive.
Steve Jobs teamed together with Steve Wozniak to invent one of the first ready-made personal home Apple computer.
Milton S. Hershey was known for inventing the Hershey Chocolate Bar and building the Hershey Chocolate Company. In 1912, Hershey paid a $300 deposit for a first class passage on the White Star Line and her newest most extravagant ship, Titanic, for her maiden voyage. However, Hershey never boarded the ship. An employee at his company requested that he return early from a trip in Europe to deal with business. Hershey abandoned his original plans and left Europe three days earlier on The Ameri...
Barbie's inventor, Ruth Handler 1959.


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Watch our short video here to see our focus on SAP® Crystal solutions and SAP® BusinessObjects Business Intelligence. We can provide you with the right solutions to help and support you in getting your Business Intelligence ball rolling. More.
Our SAP® BusinessObjects BI division lives and breathes Business Analytics and Business Intelligence. As SAP Gold Partners, whether you need support for a current installation, help with a migration or new implementation, we are here to guide you. More.
Developer Solutions has been developing agile software solutions for the modern world since 2001. Developer Solutions is committed to creating quality bespoke software, with a focus on our apps to be user-friendly, quick and non-resource-hungry! More.


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- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
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16 August 2013 at 4:03 PM
'American Idol' Finalists Talk Live Tour (Exclusive Interviews!)
About this photo set: Aubrey Cleland, Angie Miller, Candice Glover, Kree Harrison, Janelle Arthur, and Amber Holcomb hit the stage during the American Idol Live! Tour held at the Prudential… Read More Here
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A Delaware judge sentenced a wealthy du Pont heir to probation for raping his 3-year-old daughter. Judge Jan Jurden noted in her order that Robert H. Richards IV "will not fare well" in prison and needed treatment instead of time behind bars. Roland Martin and the "NewsOne Now" panel came down hard on the judge and Richards in a segment Tuesday, calling the sentence another case of "affluenza." Listen below to the full conversation about the case.
Be sure to listen to "NewsOne Now" with Roland Martin, weekdays at 7 a.m. EST and watch at 9 a.m. EST on TV One.
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Virgin Media sells channels to Sky and gets Sky Sports HD as part of package
It's been rumoured on and off for a while now, but bitter rivals Virgin Media and Sky have agreed a deal that will see the satellite broadcaster acquire VMtv and take on responsibility for its channels for £160million in cash.
In addition, Virgin Media will receive Sky 1, Sky Arts and VMtv's channel line-up, such as LIVING, Bravo and a soon-to-be-renamed Virgin 1, as part of a wholesale distribution agreement.
The cable operator will also have the option, for an incremental wholesale fee, to offer its subscribers a selection of Sky's basic HD channels, including Sky Sports HD 1, Sky Sports HD 2, and the Sky Movie HD channels.
Finally, a range of content from Sky's premium and basic channels will be available over Virgin Media's on demand services. Plus, the cable provider will have access to Sky's red button interactive sports coverage, and receives the option to stream the satellite broadcaster's standard definition programming over the Internet, like with Sky Player and Sky Anytime Plus.
Both companies are notably happy with the deal, and while it leaves Virgin Media as just a service provider, rather than broadcaster, the potential benefit to subscribers is massive: "The sale of our channels business has generated substantial value" says Neil Berkett, CEO of Virgin Media. "Together with the new commercial agreements we've announced today, it will allow us to focus more closely on our strategy of exploiting Virgin Media's super-fast connectivity to offer our customers a range of the very best content through a highly versatile next generation entertainment application."
Whereas Sky gets LIVING and a host of American serial shows (now that Lost and 24 are finished). Surely that was its main target.
Well it wouldn't be Challenge Jackpot now, would it?
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Club Meetings
Club Meetings are on the 1st Wednesday of each month at 7:30 p.m
Eastern Idaho Technical College (website)
Room 134 of the John O. Sessions Mechanical Building (map)
1600 South Hitt Road, Idaho Falls, Idaho (map)
ERARC Objectives
The 146.64 repeater is back on the air.
The 146.64 is back on the air as of Friday April 1st. Thank you Alan Fielding K7EFZ and Bob Secondo N7QM for getting the repeater adjusted and the feed line replaced.