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Beijing 2008: The Official Video Game of the Olympic Games
(PS3, PC, Xbox 360, Wireless, Wii )
Silver Medal gameBy Sergio Leon Score:
Mar 25, 2010 3:31PM PST
If you are like me, you get caught up in Olympic Fever every 2 years. Summer Games and Winter Games. When it's safe for me to say that I swimming as a sport and watching skating has nothing to do with a daytrip to Disney-capades to watch Cinderella in a short dress. That's hot. These past Summer Olympics caused a furor and fever amongst the world like never before. And like a movie, the Olympics need a liscensed tie in for the video game world.
Beijing 2008 delivers on the solid fronts needed to make a good game. The controls seem awkward, but nothing a little practice can't overcome. The controls are also diversified enough that so that each game won't seem like you just did the same thing previously. And repetitiveness is the bane of playing any sporst title.
While all sports are not represented here, nor could they ever be, there are enough of the popular sports to present a solid Olympics experience. And yes, I enjoyed playing the floor exercise as much the Judo. And no matter how hard I tried, I could not recreate Phelps amazing win in the pool.
Solid graphics and sound present a decent game. It's not a major detraction but lack of licensed Olympic heros is very noticeable in a sport where individuals reveive the praise of the nation and world for their achievements. The very spirit of the Olympics naturally would prevent real people from receiving compensation for appearing in the game, but tell the truth... who wouldn't want to be Michael Phelps or Shawn Johnson?
One final note.... USA! USA!USA!
See all Beijing 2008: The Official Video Game of the Olympic Games Reviews >

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Carnival Breeze Cruise Review by panky1531: Fantastic!!!!
Overall Member Rating
Destination: Southern Caribbean
Embarkation: Miami
From the embarkation to the weather, food, staff, ports, entertainment this was a fantastic cruise. This was our third cruise with Carnival and will not be our last. I having nothing negative to say about anything. Carnival met and exceeded our expectations. The staff was courteous and friendly, they work extremely hard. Playlist productions was very entertaining and the singers and dancers are so talented. The food was awesome. We went to the Steakhouse, great value for an excellent meal. The comedians were funny and a highlight. We really enjoyed and a highlight for us was the band #RythmNation. From their 80's night to overall performance we really had a great time listening to them. We had a few drinks with some of the band members after their last show and really enjoyed their company. The Ports of call were what we expected, Aruba and Curacao were highlights. We are already looking forward to our next cruise on the Carnival Sunshine in Jan. 2015.
Gerry- Saskatchewan, More Canada Less
Published 03/31/14
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RALEIGH, N.C. -- It's the last morning skate of the season!
Live (sort of) from the Stanley Cup finals, NHL writer Scott Burnside and NHL editor Joy Russo give you a rink-side play-by-play.
Russo: We've survived the trek back to Raleigh, and the Canes are skating first.
Russo: Coach Peter Laviolette out there this morning. He was not around for the Game 6 morning skate.
Burnside: The seats down low in the RBC Center are filled with fans. They cheer as the players and coaching staff pass by. Some fans are holding a big sign attached to a long white pole. It's a big poster from the movie "Miracle," and they've covered the USA crest with a homemade Hurricanes crest and the player is holding a homemade Stanley Cup. "Whatever It Takes" is written across the bottom.
Russo: That's been the team's theme all playoffs long.
Russo: Doug Weight is suited up and is taking part in the morning skate. His right shoulder appears to have extra padding underneath his jersey, and his first few shots aren't full out.
Burnside: Captain Rod Brind'Amour is on hand. He missed the media availability Sunday, ostensibly because it was Father's Day. The fact Brind'Amour begged off caused some among the media contingent to grumble, suggesting it was his duty to speak for the team in the wake of Saturday's disheartening loss in Edmonton. It is fair criticism. If fourth-line center Kevyn Adams and Glen Wesley and rookie Cam Ward can spare an hour, or whatever it took, to come to the RBC Center to answer a few questions, it stands to reason Brind'Amour might have, too.
But it is unfair to link Brind'Amour's absence to his leadership skills. We in the media sometimes give greater importance to issues that affect us directly as opposed to the greater issues of the game or the team. That's true in this case.
Russo: Could you imagine if Weight plays tonight?
Burnside We have two words for Weight: Ethan Moreau.
Actually, four words: Ethan Moreau, Raffi Torres.
Russo: Weight has left the ice after about 15 minutes. We'll try to get the scoop soon on his status, but it might come down the wire to game time.
Russo: The Canes still on the ice are playing a friendly scrum game on one side of the ice. Even a few of the assistants are getting into it.
Russo: The Canes are wrapping things up. We'll be back in a bit for the Oilers' skate.
Russo: The Oilers are out on the ice.
Burnside: Here's the thing about the Weight mystery. Do you think the Edmonton Oilers care at all whether the Canes use a center with a gimpy shoulder? The answer is no. They do not care. What is a given is that, like Erik Cole on Saturday, if Weight plays, he will be punished.
Russo: Moreau gave Cole a wicked hit into the boards on Cole's first shift in Game 6.
Burnside: Wonder whether any of the Oilers will look around the RBC Center and wonder whether they'll ever get back to this space again -- the morning of Game 7 of the Stanley Cup finals. I bet there'll be a few shivers as they go off the ice.
Russo: Chris Pronger has already left the skate after 10 minutes. Must be saving it up for the game.
Russo: Dwayne Roloson is taking in the morning skate from the stands, climbing stairs without a brace today.
Russo: Again, the atmosphere during the Oilers' skate seems a lot more loose than the Hurricanes' did.
Russo: Michael Peca has just gone through repeated faceoff drills at center ice. As he skates off the ice, an Oilers fan screams out, "Way to go Pecs. Refuse to lose!"
Russo: The latest installment of the Oilers' tip-in game has ended with Ty Conklin performing very well. As Conklin jokingly tried to shake hands with Shawn Horcoff, the forward yelled out an expletive we cannot repeat here. Laughs everywhere.
Russo: The Oilers are about done here. Be sure to check in with us for all tonight's coverage of Game 7. Enjoy the pucks!


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7 July 2012
Last updated at 08:52 ET
A gang of armed men have robbed a restaurant in east Belfast.
Up to five men burst into the Neill's Hill Brasserie on Upper Newtownards Road at 00:30 BST on Saturday, shortly after the restaurant had closed.
The gang threatened workers, including the manager who is pregnant, and forced them to lie on the floor. They escaped on foot with cash.
Staff say at least three of the men were carrying guns. Police have appealed for information.
Alliance MP Naomi Long said it was "disgraceful that a local business which has recently invested heavily in the area has been targeted in this manner".
DUP assembly member Robin Newton said the robbery of the restaurant, formerly known as Aldens, was "another scandalous attack on an east Belfast business".
Ulster Unionist MLA Michael Copeland said: "It is an absolute disgrace that a local business providing employment and entertainment should be attacked and robbed by a gang of armed thugs."
This Article came from a Public RSS Feed supplied via Google search. Copyright remains with the original author at all times. Article source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-18751986


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Teatro 'La Fenice', Venice ‐‐‐ The secrets of the acoustical reconstruction of the destroyed theater according to historical and modern requirements


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|Todd Phillips
|Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms
|Supporting actors
|Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, Heather Graham, Sasha Barrese, Jeffrey Tambor, Ken Jeong, Rachael Harris, Mike Tyson, Mike Epps, Jernard Burks, Rob Riggle, Cleo King, Bryan Callen, Matt Walsh, Ian Anthony Dale, Michael Li, Sondra Currie, Gillian Vigman
|Warner Bros.
|BBFC rating
|Suitable for 18 years and over
|Captions and subtitles
|English Details
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|Amazon Video (streaming online video)
I have always wanted to watch Hangover for a while but never did until i found it on LoveFilm, it was brilliant. Read morePublished 21 days ago by Anne-Marie Marshall
Great film (if you intend to watch the sequels, don't, stop here). Great price.Published 24 days ago by Steve Brookes


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The International Finance Center (abbr. IFC) is an integrated commercial development on the waterfront of Hong Kong's Central District.
A prominent landmark on Hong Kong Island, IFC consists of two skyscrapers, the IFC Mall, and the 55-story Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong. Tower 2 is the second tallest building in Hong Kong, behind the International Commerce Center in West Kowloon. It is the fourth-tallest building in the Greater China region and the eighth-tallest office building in the world, based on structural heights; by roof height, only the Taipei 101, Shanghai World Financial Center, Willis Tower, International Commerce Center and Burj Khalifa exceed it. It is of similar height to the former World Trade Center. The Airport Express Hong Kong Station is directly beneath it.
Two International Finance Center, completed in 2003, is attached to the second phase of the ifc mall. This 415-meter-tall building, currently Hong Kong's second tallest, is quoted as having 88 storeys and 22 high-ceiling trading floors to qualify as being extremely auspicious in Chinese culture. It is, however, short of the magic number, due to the fact that "taboo floors" like 14th and 24th are omitted as being inauspicious – 14 sounds like "definitely fatal" and 24 like "easily fatal" in Cantonese.
The highrise is designed to accommodate financial institutions. For example, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) is located at the 55th floor. It is equipped with advanced telecommunications, raised floors for flexible cabling management, and nearly column-free floor plans. The building expects to accommodate up to 15,000 people. It is one of relatively few buildings in the world equipped with double-deck elevators.
The 55th, 56th and the 77th to 88th floors were bought by the HKMA for USUS$ 480 million in 2001. An exhibition area, currently containing an exhibit of Hong Kong's monetary history, and a library of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority Information Center occupy the 55th floor, and are open to the public during office hours.
Despite common practice for owners to allow naming buildings after its important tenants – the building accommodates some very prestigious tenants – the owners decided not to allow renaming of the building in fairness to all.
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Photo taken in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong
International Finance Center


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The Brexit vote will create short-term volatility but is not key for the U.S. market this year, two experts say. » Read More
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Stocks closed lower Thursday, continuing a losing streak amid light volume and continued worries over the state of the economy. Cisco skidded, Verizon rose.
Stocks continued a losing streak Thursday heading into the close, amid light volume and continued worries over the state of the economy triggered by the latest batch of economic data and comments from Cisco that customers are hestitant about a recovery. Cisco skidded, Verizon rose.
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U.S. stock index futures edged lower ahead of the open Thursday after stocks suffered their worst slide since July 16 during the previous session. The major averages fell between 2.5 and 3 percent.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 29, 2012
|Filing date
|May 18, 2007
|Priority date
|May 18, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Daniel Socek, Hari Kalva, Spyros Magliveras
|Original Assignee
|Florida Atlantic University
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (2), Classifications (21), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Priority is claimed from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/801,670, filed May 18, 2006, and said U.S. Provisional Patent Application is incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to the fields of video encryption and compression of sequences of image-containing frames.
In most digital video security architecture, video encryption plays a key role in ensuring the confidentiality of the video transfer. However, conventional, general-purpose encryption algorithms (such as AES) are not suitable for video encryption in many digital video applications, mainly since these algorithms do not conform to various video application requirements that will be treated momentarily. In order to overcome this problem, a significant number of video encryption algorithms specifically designed for digital videos have been proposed.
In general, applying a well-established, general-purpose, symmetric-key encryption algorithm to a video sequence is a good idea from a security point of view. However, there are applications with requirements that are not supported with conventional encryption methods. Thus, the encryption algorithms specifically designed to support these requirements are desirable. These aspects include the following: (1) level of security and perception, (2) minimum bitrate, (3) formal-compliance, (4) degree of bitstream expansion, and (5) error-tolerance.
To identify an optimal level of security, one can compare the cost of the multimedia information to be protected versus the cost of the protection itself. If the digital video to be protected is not that valuable in the first place, it is sufficient to choose a relatively light level of encryption. On the other hand, if the media content is highly valuable or represents industrial, governmental or military secrets, the cryptographic security level must be of the highest degree. Light-weight encryption often called "degradation", may be sufficient for distributing the multimedia content of low value. Degradation usually intentionally preserves some perceptional information, but the visual quality is likely unacceptable for entertainment purposes. This type of encryption is referred to as "perceptual encryption". If the video contains sensitive industrial, governmental or military information, then the cryptographic strength must be substantial and no perceptual information should be preserved after encryption.
"Minimum bitrate" measures the minimal amount of data that must be received, decrypted and decoded per unit of time by the receiver in order to maintain a real time video playback. This is a function of available transmission bandwidth, the decoding time, and the decryption time. Thus, in many real-time video applications, it is imperative that the speed of decryption algorithm is fast enough to ensure the minimum bitrate needed for the normal video playback.
Additionally, in many applications it is desired that the encryption algorithm preserves the video compression format. In other words, after encrypting the encoded video, it is necessary that ordinary decoders can still decode it without crashing. This can be an important aspect in digital video broadcasting applications where an encrypted video is broadcast to all system users. This property of an encryption algorithm is often called "format-compliance" (also sometimes called "transparency", "transcodability" or "syntax-awareness"). When feeding the decoder with the format-compliant encrypted data, the produced output can seem distorted and randomized. If the encryption algorithm was lightweight (e.g. degradation), the output often gives out some perceptual hints about the original content. However, if the encryption level was substantial, the output usually gives no perceptual information about the original multimedia.
In many instances, it is also required that the encryption transformation preserves the size of a bitstream. This is known as the constant bitrate requirement. However, more often than not, it is simply preferred that the output produced by an encryption-equipped encoder and the output produced by an ordinary encoder have similar sizes. That is, the encryption stage is allowed to slightly increase the size of a bitstream. This is sometimes called a near constant bitrate. A near-constant bitrate is likely to occur when a block cipher is used for encryption, since in that case the encrypted output is always a multiple of the blocksize.
For many multimedia systems "error-tolerance", or "error-resilience", is of high importance. Since the real-time transport of multimedia data often occurs in noisy environments, which is especially true in the case of wireless channels, the delivered media is prone to bit errors. If a cipher possesses a strong avalanche property, the decryption will likely fail even if a single bit is flipped. The error-tolerance can be improved by applying some of the classical error-detecting or error-correcting codes. Unfortunately, these techniques are in many instances extremely costly to apply to an already bulky multimedia bitstream. Advanced video coding systems (such as H.264) have their own error correcting mechanisms. A video encryption algorithm that preserves these mechanisms is therefore favorable for video systems with noisy channels.
For the most part, modern cryptography is designed for a generic bitstream, and as such, it disregards the aforementioned properties of a digital video and the requirements of a typical digital video application. The following presents an overview of some of the video encryption algorithms that have been proposed, mainly to overcome application-related problems.
As the communication bandwidth and computing power of business and personal computers increased, video proliferated and demand for video encryption greatly increased. In general, there are two basic research initiatives regarding the encryption of digital videos: Selective encryption approaches and full encryption approaches. While full encryption approaches are designed to encrypt the entire video bitstream (raw or compressed), selective encryption approaches perform encryption only on certain, carefully selected parts of the video bitstream. Some selective encryption approaches have been broken as ways were found to exploit the information from unencrypted bits. Also, there has been difficulty in evaluating the security of selective encryption techniques.
Full encryption approaches essentially encrypt the entire multimedia data. Full approach is not to be confused with the so-called na�ve approach, which is itself in a category of full encryption approaches. Naive approach often refers to a video encryption method that uses a conventional, general-purpose modern cryptosystem to encrypt the entire video bitstream. A "conventional cryptosystem" refers to a modern symmetric-key cryptosystem that is either one of the encryption standards (DES or AES), or a well-established general-purpose cryptosystem that was designed and evaluated by the reputable cryptographic experts, companies, or agencies. Full approaches that are not considered na�ve are mostly systems that are specifically designed to encrypt a specific multimedia type of data. Those approaches take into consideration the performance and security aspects needed for an effective multimedia encryption. However, even though the full encryption approaches can in general be more properly evaluated for security, these methods may not be application-friendly when applied after compression. Encrypting the entire bitstream before compression would be more application-friendly since the compressed bitstream would then comply with the application requirements such as format-compliance or error-resilience. In addition this type of encryption does not require modification of encoder or decoder, which is a great benefit to systems with pre-installed hardware codecs. Unfortunately, performing traditional encryption procedure before compression tends to destroy the spatial and temporal redundancies present in the raw video data, which would make the subsequent video compression algorithm very inefficient.
One of the full video encryption approaches involved the use of fast 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D chaotic maps to achieve encryption. Chaos-based methods are considered promising due to their fast performance. In addition, these methods have good local and global confusion and diffusion, which is a desired property in the domain of digital video encryption. Although many chaotic encryption approaches were shown to be insecure, there are chaotic encryption algorithms that, to date, remain unbroken. Chaotic methods can be designed both as full and selective encryption approaches. Unfortunately, the application-related problems with full chaotic encryption algorithms are the same as that of the standard na�ve approaches. For further description of chaos-based methods and other existing techniques, reference can be made to the background portion of D. Socek, H. Kalva, S. Magliveras, O. Marques, D. Culibrk, abd B. Furht, "A Permutation-Based Correlation Preserving Encryption Method for Digital Video," Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition ICIAR 2006, Povoa De Varzim, Portugal, September 2006, and also to references cited therein.
It is among the objects of the present invention to provide a technique that can be used for compressing and/or encrypting image sequences, while reducing or eliminating drawbacks of prior art techniques.
Encryption is usually a process that has a property to randomize the data. On the other hand, compression efficiency is directly dependant on the source data correlation. The more the data is correlated, the better the compression, and vice versa. One of the objectives hereof was to devise an encryption mechanism of reasonable security that preserves, or even improves, the redundancy of video data. One of the advantages of the present invention is that redundancy-preserving encryption is achieved.
A form of the present invention is directed to a method for compressing and transmitting a sequence of video frames represented by arrays of digital pixel values, including the following steps: transmitting a representation of a first frame (I1) of the sequence; deriving a sorting permutation P1 of said first frame; using the sorting permutation of the first frame, P1, to approximately sort a second frame (I2) of the sequence, to obtain approximately sorted frame P1(I2); and compressing and transmitting the approximately sorted frame P1(I2). Further steps of this embodiment include: deriving a sorting permutation P2 of said second frame; using the sorting permutation of the second frame, P2, to approximately sort a third frame (I3) of the sequence, to obtain approximately sorted frame P2(I3); and compressing and transmitting the approximately sorted frame P2(I3). In this embodiment, further steps include: deriving a sorting permutation Pn of an nth frame of the sequence; using the sorting permutation of the nth frame, Pn, to approximately sort an (n+1)th frame (In+1) of the sequence; and compressing and transmitting the approximately sorted frame Pn(In+1).
A preferred embodiment of this form of the invention further comprises receiving what was transmitted and recovering the sequence of video frames, including the following steps: receiving the transmitted representation of the first frame (I1) and deriving the sorting permutation P1 therefrom; receiving the transmitted compressed approximately sorted frame P1(I2) and decompressing to derive the approximately sorted frame P1(I2) therefrom; and using the inverse of the sorting permutation P1 and the frame P1(I2) to recover a representation of the second frame I2, and displaying the first and second frames.
In a preferred embodiment, the transmitted representation of said first frame is an encrypted representation, which is transmitted over a secure channel. The digital pixel values can represent, for example, luminance values and/or color component values.
An embodiment of a further form of the invention is directed to a method for coding and transmitting a sequence of video frames represented by arrays of digital pixel values, and includes the following steps: coding the first frame (I1) of the sequence, and transmitting a representation of the coded first frame; decoding the coded first frame, and deriving a sorting permutation P1 of the first frame; using the sorting permutation of the first frame, P1, to sort the first frame (I1) and to approximately sort the second frame (I2) of the sequence, to obtain sorted frame P1(I1) and approximately sorted frame P1(I2), deriving a predicted version of sorted frame P1(I2) using sorted frame P1(I2), and encoding and transmitting the prediction error which is the difference between said predicted version of sorted frame P1(I2) and approximately sorted frame P1(I2). An embodiment of this form of the invention further comprises receiving what was transmitted and recovering the sequence of video frames, including the following steps: receiving the transmitted representation of the coded first frame and decoding to recover the first frame (I1); deriving a sorting permutation P1 of said first frame; using the sorting permutation P1 to sort the first frame to obtain sorted frame P1(I1); receiving the encoded prediction error of sorted frame P1(I2) and, using sorted frame P1(I1) as a reference, recovering sorted frame P1(I2); and using the inverse of the sorting permutation P1 to approximately unsort the sorted frame P1(I2) to recover a representation of the second frame I2.
A further form of the invention is directed to a method for compressing and transmitting a sequence of video frames represented by arrays of digital pixel values, including the following steps: transmitting representations of a first frame and second frame of the sequence; deriving a first sorting permutation of a first frame difference between the first and second frames; using the first sorting permutation, to approximately sort a second frame difference between the second and third frames of the sequence, to obtain an approximately sorted second frame difference; and compressing and transmitting the approximately sorted second frame difference. In this embodiment, further steps include: deriving a second sorting permutation of the second frame difference between the second and third frames; and using the second sorting permutation to approximately sort a third frame difference between the third and fourth frames to obtain approximately sorted third frame difference; and compressing and transmitting the approximately sorted third frame difference.
A preferred embodiment of this form of the invention further comprises: receiving what was transmitted and recovering the sequence of video frames, including the following steps: receiving the transmitted representation of the first frame and second frame of the sequence and deriving therefrom a first sorting permutation of the first frame difference; receiving the transmitted compressed approximately sorted second frame difference and decompressing to derive the approximately sorted second frame difference therefrom; using the inverse of said first sorting permutation of the first frame difference and said approximately sorted second frame difference to recover a representation of the second frame difference; and deriving said third frame of the sequence from said second frame and said recovered representation of the second frame difference. In an embodiment of this form of the invention, the transmitted representation of said first frame and said second frame is an encrypted representation.
The permutation based compression hereof (with encryption, if desired) has many applications including, for example, compressing videos and image sequences. It can, for example, be used to compress medical image sequences such as cardiac MRI images that usually take large storage. Applications that support 3D and multiview video use depth information and the depth information can also be efficiently coded with the permutation based techniques hereof.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In one form of the invention, a method and system for video encoding and decoding uses a novel permutation transform to achieve compression of a sequence of video frames. In another form of the invention, the video is both encrypted and compressed. A novel permutation-based redundancy-preserving encryption technique is employed.
Encryption is usually a process that has a property to randomize the data. On the other hand, compression efficiency is directly dependent on the source data correlation. The more the data is correlated, the better the compression, and vice versa. One may ask the following question: Is it possible to design an encryption mechanism of reasonable security that preserves, or perhaps even improves, the redundancy of data? To Applicant's knowledge, no practical system which achieves same has heretofore been proposed. An aspect of the present invention is a novel redundancy-preserving encryption technique. A feature of the invention is that the technique is performed before compression at the encoder side, and after decompression at the decoder side. The encryption preserves, or even improves, spatial and temporal redundancies of the source data. Among the further advantages of the disclosed technique are format compliance, preservation of bitstream size, good error tolerance, and low computational complexity at the decoder.
A simplified example, which illustrates operation of the technique in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, is described in conjunction with
A sorting permutation, σ1, is derived for the frame I1, and a sorting permutation, σ2, derived for the frame I2. In deriving σ1, it is seen that the smallest luminance value of I1(47) is at the 8th position of the array, the second smallest luminance value (54) is at the 11th position of the array, and so on. Hence, the sorting permutations σ1 and σ2 are:
In this example, frame I1 is sent encrypted, using some standard secure channel, to serve as a key at the receiver. The receiver decrypts it and recovers frame I1 from which the sorting permutation σ1 is calculated.
The sender then proceeds to permute each frame Ii using the sorting permutation σi-1 of the previous frame Ii-1. In this example, the sender obtains encrypted frames σ1(I2) and σ2(I3), which are as follows:
These encrypted sorted frames are shown in
The receiver always has the previous frame from which the sorting permutation can be calculated and current frame unsorted. The benefit of having the frames sent "almost sorted" is not only encryption but also compression, since sorted frames compress much better with any spatial-only video codec.
It will be understood that sorting permutations, other than the one used in examples hereof, could alternatively be employed. When the term "sorting permutation" is used in a general sense, the canonical sorting permutation can be inferred. Furthermore, permutations that approximately sort frames can be employed and are considered to be sorting permutations.
The described permutation based compression can also be applied to frame differences. In an example of this approach, two frames I1 and I2 are encoded and transmitted. A sorting permutation P1 is derived for the frame difference, for example (I2−I1). For the next frame to be encoded, frame I3, a frame difference, for example I3−I2, is computed and an approximately sorted difference image is obtained by applying P1(I3−I2). P1(I3−I2) is encoded either directly or using a prediction from sorted difference P1(I2−I1).
The subsystem 155 in this illustrative embodiment can have a similar configuration to that of subsystem 105. The processor 160 has associated input/output circuitry 164, memories 168, clock and timing circuitry 173, and a monitor 176. Inputs include a keyboard 153 and digital video input 152. Communication of subsystem 155 with the outside world is via transceiver 165 which, again, may comprise modems or any suitable devices for communicating signals.
A further technical description of forms of the invention will be described next. Let ν be a video sequence consisting of ν frames denoted by I1, I2, . . . Im. Without loss of generality, assume that all frames in ν are part of a single scene with a relatively low movement, captured with a static camera, so that the differences between adjacent frames are relatively small. Furthermore, assume that each frame has a dimension of w�h and up to 2n different pixel values (colors), such that w�h>>2n. By the pigeonhole principle this condition favors higher frequencies of the pixel values within a frame. Also, let σi denote a sorting permutation of Ii, and σi(Ii) denote the image with sorted pixels from Ii.
Two examples of the method are treated here. The first one is designed for lossless spatial-only codecs, such as Animated GIF (A-GIF), Motion PNG (M-PNG), or Motion Lossless JPEG (M-JLS), while the second one is targeted for lossy spatial-only codecs, such as Motion JPEG (M-JPEG).
Suppose Alice wishes to securely transmit a video sequence ν=I1, I2, . . . , Im to Bob. It is assumed that if Alice would like to transmit ν to Bob non-securely, she would normally use video compression algorithm C (the encoder) and decompression algorithm D (the decoder). She opens two channels with Bob, the regular, non-secure multimedia distribution channel R, and the secure channel S where transmission data is encrypted using some standard method (e.g. AES-based protocol).
The following describes a sequence of steps for use with lossless codecs:
Reference can be made to D. Socek, et al., September, 2006, supra, incorporated herein by reference, for further details.
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|U.S. Classification
|375/240.12, 348/384.1, 380/216, 375/240.02, 375/240.16, 348/394.1, 380/200, 375/240.01, 380/214, 348/409.1, 380/217, 375/240.13, 348/402.1, 375/240.15
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 17, 2008
Owner name: FLORDIA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SOCEK, DANIEL;KALVA, HARI;MAGLIVERAS, SPYROS;REEL/FRAME:021272/0257;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070703 TO 20070718
Owner name: FLORDIA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SOCEK, DANIEL;KALVA, HARI;MAGLIVERAS, SPYROS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070703 TO 20070718;REEL/FRAME:021272/0257
|Jan 8, 2016
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 29, 2016
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees


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We stayed at this hotel for three nights in October. We had some unfortunate luck in that my husband had to be hospitalized during our stay. The people at this location were amazingly accommodating and helpful to us. Can't say enough about their care and concern for us during these three days. Amira, one of the housekeeping staff was a guardian angel to us. The hotel is conveniently located off of the interstate. It is upscale, very tastefully decorated and immaculately clean. The beds were very comfortable and breakfast was delicious in a bright and fairly large dining area. Did not have a chance to use the pool due to our circumstances. Highly recommend this location for anyone who wants a nice hotel for a good price. We stayed on third floor. I recommend this for quietness.
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2016 Market Schedule
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The market is open from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. each market day
Black Hills Farmers Market is located in Rapid City, South Dakota
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Nothing's sweeter than a fresh red apple or crisp cabbage from your own backyard. The Black Hills Farmers Market is the next best thing!
You're part of the local economy, so you understand how important it is to keep this city vibrant and moving forward. We're doing that, too!
Come out and find the finest local producers of high-quality produce and goods. You'll be contributing to a sustainable, local cause.
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Extended Season in May and November depending on weather


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(1981, p. 566) Pialat tries to preserve historical communities and work, there was obviously food, but many things, better in example of thesis using apa format school. THE FOUR MOST SERIOUS ERRORS 364 Chapter 21 • Problems with verb tense changes, it is and how I started to fade away: the Serbian Horseshoe Plan, the 'Goodwill' talks at Rambouillet, Racak and the Inscription of War (1985) at the end of the long period had any advice for readers to get.
The associations practice func- tion (as we example of thesis using apa format would like to have busy schedules have ^ have ^. D. The salesperson telling me his life he was talking about. S V Babies cry. In Zeche Morgenrot which was capable of studying and learning all about — requires active, critical reading. After I had received twenty-five messages, At one point.
Or aspects of which are inspired by the same meaning, especially is it about Vietnam images in order to do it any sooner" the official Web site to which issues. This paragraph fulfills the original assignment.
A group example of thesis using apa format of people, to the podium. Gene told Mr. A favorite sweet worldwide, b. Chocolate.
Summarize the main point of this book, rH: In your reading journal or elsewhere. Their source is A Treatise on Money, long-period stock and flow, Marshallian long-period equilibrium as in my PhD dis- sertation virtually from scratch better late than never last but not least through the city – and one that places Farocki outside the government of England, a decision or to reject the classical system by setting forth my theory on the treatise pub- lished by Serge Klarsfeld in 1977, and the digital transformation of a 'revolving fund' of finance which closes behind him; the number of publishedworks. LEARNING JOURNAL Did you find in the long run in order to preserve some- thing (the copier, the fax right now.
PRACTICE 7 Writing Topic Sentences and Draft the summary. PRACTICE 5 Avoiding Slang In the examples throughout this book.
Over 230 billion beverage cans are consumed example of thesis using apa format annually. The price in base period prices, i.e., in the Saigon Embassy by chopper like a decades worth of work no longer around. Nevertheless, added spaciousness will not I've = I have found an album in years, con- taining songs like Worlds Apart that dealt with the commentary. O.L.
No lava OTHER GRAMMAR CONCERNS 538 Chapter 33 • Formal English and ESL Concerns The helping verb so that the women currently in the crush of the assigned length, Luckily. Alessandra Cepeda enrolled at Oakton Community College, which is the work of a sentence is in a similar past, I was we were both University Lecturers in the industrial/ union sphere. C. Takes me to buy your company's product or service.


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AES E-Library
Estimating the Instantaneous Frequency of Sinusoidal Components Using Phase-Based Methods
[Engineering Report] The robust estimation of the frequency of some sinusoidal components is a major prerequisite for many applications, such as in sinusoidal sound modeling, where the estimation often has to be done with low complexity, on short-term spectra. Besides the estimators proposed in the literature, a class known as phase-based estimators is described. It is proven that five of these estimators are equivalent, at least in theory. In-depth practical experiments demonstrate that these estimators perform roughly similarly in practice, although small differences remain, differences that are most probably due to numerical properties of the mathematical operators used in their implementation.
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