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Declining female population in India - a cause of concern
Posted Date:
24 Feb 2012
Posted By::
Ashutosh Kumar
Member Level:
Member Rank:
: 5
The gradually declining female population in India has gathered disheartening rates ,especially during last couple of decades.The unprecedented decline in the child sex ratio from 945 in 1991 to to 927 in 2001 and further to 914 females per 1000 males in 2011-the lowest after country's independence ,is indeed a cause of serious concern given the intense dire consequences it is likely to cause as far as development prospects are concerned.Despite several legal provisions and awareness programs designed to counter the very problem,reasonable outcomes have not been achieved.In today's era of technological advancements also we have a large section of our society who consider the birth of a girl child as a curse to their family ; why can't they feel that those innocent lives too deserve their love and affection as their boy children do and should be treated equally ? If this diseased scenario of consistently decreasing female population persists, the days are not away when the entire system of democracy and all-round development encounter tremendous setbacks.
Contributing factors:-
1.The major reason behind this is the practice of "sex selection" aimed at ensuring the birth of male children only and at the same time checking any possibility of a girl's birth.This hectic use of technology prompts women resort to abortion in case of giving birth to girl children(mostly due to family pressures or financial incompetence to foster a girl).The PCNDT act bans the use of technology to decide the sex of a foetus, but still it has not been implemented with the degree of strictness actually needed .
2. It is duty of a society to protect and maintain truthfully the a healthy gender balance.But on the other side , there is woman's right under the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (enacted in 1971) to have a legal abortion.However,safe abortion in India is severely limited and unfortunately there is very scanty likelihood for things to improve.
3.The deficit of education in rural areas also account for female foeticide and the unavailability of resources to foster a girl further adds to their difficulty and they find abortion as the safest measure to deal with the crisis.
4.The practice of sex selection reside mid-way between cultural attitudes,patriarchal prejudice,modern changes,socioeconomic pressure and ill use of modern medical technology.The influence of modernization and materialism on increased daughter aversion,son-preference violence against women,property rights-these play a serious role.We desperately need to have sound comprehensive national policy competent to handle all the contributing factors.
Measure to check the crisis:-
1.The government, as an initiative to deal with the issue ,has announced cash amounts to poor sections of society to stop them from committing foeticide because of financial backwardness.This technique, to some extent, has succeeded in restraining the rate of killing female child.But on the other part of the shield ,there are financially strong sections who are little affected by the financial incentives and this move has comprehensively failed to impact their mindset.As an approach to convince them, Indian policy framers should boldly come forward and come up with ideas that can more profoundly address the crisis, irrespective of financial status.
2. A very common approach has been to highlight the path of "love the girl child" notion.It is though perfect in terms of patriarchal protectiveness.And undoubtedly,hardly there will be anybody who would not like to "love little girls in pig-tails" , including those ministers who preferably love to crush the Women's Reservation Bill time to time.
3.Notably, our neighbours South Korea and China firmly trashed the problem by adopting comprehensive approach.They have adopted strategic actions and laws to ensure gender equality,facilitate female participation in workforce and of course banning the sex selective diagnostics.Consequently, their sex ratio is displaying expected improvement.
4.Having a national communication strategy based on harnessing behaviour change communication and the nature of reproductive decision making can provide positive results.The establishment of strategic media platform -traditional as well as conventional can prove helpful in this regard.
Hence, let our country develop an environment where there is no space for gender bias and ; rather there is equal platform for both to progress and contribute to the wellness of our country.
#294319 Author:
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 24/Feb/2012 Rating:
: 5
Ashutosh sir, I appreciate and thank you for the concern you have shown towards this burning issue of decline in the female population in the country. I think the females are essential parts of the society and such scenario is extremely unfortunate. Also, the causes you have mentioned are real and practically too, we can see them in action. Some people do prefer a boy child above a girl just because they believe that a boy can serve them better. This is really a biased and flawed theory to be honest. We have seen time and again that the girls are no where less. But unfortunately, this message has not been able to penetrate the deeper sections of the society in India, its villages. Hence there is a decline.
PS: Sir, I see that you really have some very good writing skills. Why don't you try to write an article on this topic? I am sure you will be rewarded very nicely. It is essential that such topics are in the form of articles for the welfare of the community. Please do write an elaborate and a good article on this topic. You can use these points to expand a bit more to aggregate it as an article and submit the same. The sheer knowledge being portrayed in this useful post of yours need to reach out to the world and that can only be done through the Resources section.
Hakuna Matata: Proact instead of reacting
#294328 Author:
Ashutosh Kumar
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 24/Feb/2012 Rating:
: 1
thanks for showing real concern to this issue. I hope, if greater sections of our society understand the role of gender equality in the development process , unprecedented outcomes are bound to follow.Do spread the message to your best to help promote the cause.
#294340 Author:
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 24/Feb/2012 Rating:
: 4
This is a matter of concern for every Indian and its government. The difference is more in northern states of India as compare to southern states. We must realize the problem and take appreciated steps to save female child. Everybody have to realize that, son and daughter are equally important for us. We must give equal respect and take care of our female child. If we find information about killing of any female womb or child then don't forget to inform the police, because these steps are necessary to rebuilt our society and save other girl children.
Thanks and regards,
#294371 Author:
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 24/Feb/2012 Rating:
: 5
Ours being a male dominated society since the Vedic period, the main reason for the decline in female population in our country is continuous female foeticide over a period of time. But unfortunately still there are some group of people who have not yet realized the fact and as such female foeticide is still prevalent in some regions of our country. I think it is high time people need to realize the fact and take action in the right direction.
Such a gender discrimination in our country really becomes a hindrance for the development of the country. Though there is much of women empowerment in the recent past yet there is generation discrimination / suppression of women in some regions of our country.
If this continues, in future the male population of our country will out number the women population and the reverse might be the case when it comes to selection of bribes / grooms.
Thanks & Regards
#294465 Author:
Nadeem Naqvi
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 24/Feb/2012 Rating:
: 5
Mr. Ashutosh,
What a waste of a good article which you have posted here in the forum section. You could have compiled a nice article on this topic and that would have been more beneficial for you and other could read it on net.
Coming to the main point here, about this thread, that, there is decrease of the female population in India. The main reason is female foeticide and the government has been announcing many schemes regarding to stop it but this problem has penetrated to the small villages of India and to control it is really difficult.
The need for a boy is just the desire which the married couples have every time the lady gets pregnant. They sex testing is banned but it is being done at every street in India to which the authorities are having a blind eye.
We should make the lesser educated people to understand that be it a boy or a girl both are important and what are the problems of having abortion ever time. This can bring in a change, this is what I think.
Nadeem Naqvi
World without God is Zero without One!
#294553 Author:
Ashutosh Kumar
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 24/Feb/2012 Rating:
: 1
Nadeem sir, I would thank you for your real concern, but probably this article is the best of mine considering the small time dedicated to it; sir i feel my thinking capacity is not matured enough. I need to learn a lot from you people and I promise you to produce some good articles here in the future.
#294557 Author:
Suryakant Laxman Raut
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 24/Feb/2012 Rating:
: 3
I think you are thinking like case of inferiority complex. You are thinking that you are trying to think better and likely not ready to write article. But this is not matter. You have compile very better article. I think this is one of the best article. Don't think like this and post in resource as early as possible. that is place where real valuation is done of this article. Go forward and act. Best wishes for your best writing in this site.
Not failure but low aim is crime.
#294578 Author:
Veena Sharma
Member Level:
Member Rank:
Date: 24/Feb/2012 Rating:
: 4
Yes it is defiantly a great concern for us to take a proper measure as the population of female are getting declined like anything and if the same thing will go on for more ears then we have to face the music.
It is not wrong to say that even today in this modern world; there are so many states which kill the female child in there own how and noble actually even come to know about it and that is the main problem.
Such act take place in silence and for that a very sharp measures have to be taken to stop these non-sense.
Veena Sharma.
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BEST BETS: "Jessica Jones," "Big Trouble/Escape from New York" & More October 2016 Highlights
Comic Books
Showing results 1-6 of 6
"Prophecy" architect Ron Marz runs down the cast of Dynamite's company-wide crossover epic, explaining how the worlds of Red Sonja, Vampirella, Sherlock Holmes and the Re-Animator fit together.
Creator Tim Seeley talks about the the delay with this week's Re-Animator crossover, his character's guest appearances in two other indie comics, the Scream Awards, and the latest developments on the Hack/Slash movie.
Behind the scenes of the Devil's Due / Re-Animator / Dynamite fight, "Kick-Ass" extras casting in London tomorrow, more Marvel covers that shouldn't be out there, loads of rumors spinning out of Baltimore and much more!
Devil's Due has announced they'll self-distribute two issues of "Hack/Slash" outside of Diamond after a dispute has arisen between the character's creator and recently created Re-Animator LLC.
Worlds collide in this week's "Hack/Slash" #15, where undead killer Cassie Hack meets undead creator Dr. Herbert West, star of the cult horror "Re-Animator" films. We speak with writer Tim Seeley about the crossover.
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For the third year, IREC brought some of the nation's most involved thought leaders to the floor of Solar Power International 2015 to share their forecasts, innovative programs and recommendations based on best practices and cutting-edge thinking. SPI 15 also saw the release of our 2015 Annual Updates and Trends Report.
Missed us at SPI last year? Here are the 2015 presentations in PDF.
Tuesday, September 15
2:30pm | Solar's Regulatory World – What it all means
Sara Baldwin Auck, IREC
A primer on the critical and wonky world of rules and regulations. Insight into the latest regulatory trends, state actions and best practices, and what it all means for the national solar market. [PDF]
3:00pm | Scaling Shared Solar: Reaching new markets, seizing new opportunities
Erica Schroeder McConnell, IREC /Keyes, Fox & Wiedman, LLP
More states are looking to shared/community solar to expand access to solar energy. What's happening to scale the model to reach more consumers and new markets, including low-income customers? What challenges are on the horizon? [PDF]
3:30pm | Valuing Customer-Sited Solar and Storage: Is adding batteries worth it?
Presenter: Jason Keyes, IREC/Keyes, Fox & Wiedman LLP
Distributed solar valuation studies are cropping up in states across the country, but what happens to that value proposition when you introduce energy storage? A new Solar + Storage Valuation report prepared for IREC by Clean Power Research (CPR) is an important first step in addressing that underlying question. [PDF]
Wednesday, September 16
4:00pm | IREC Awards Ceremony
Thursday, September 17
10:30am | Growing State Energy Storage Markets with Proactive Regulatory Policies
Presenter: Sky Stanfield, IREC/Keyes, Fox & Wiedman LLP
The distributed energy storage market is still in its infancy. There is a significant need for regulatory guidance and proactive policies to ensure a smooth integration into the existing electrical system. IREC has identified key regulatory changes that states may want to consider in the near term in order to maximize the benefits of storage and promote sustainable markets. [PDF]
11:00am | Solar Jobs: Next Gen Tools
Joseph Sarubbi, IREC
The solar job market is booming – as is demand for quality workers in allied industries. Come see the latest interactive digital platforms for training, "upskilling" and mapping solar careers. [PDF]
11:30am | Anticipating Solar Growth: The critical role of interconnection in new and established solar markets
Presenter: Sky Stanfield, IREC/Keyes, Fox & Wiedman LLP
As states and utilities grapple with increasing penetrations of solar and other renewables, and as outdated standards bump into rapidly evolving technologies, best practice interconnection processes hold the key to the future for existing and emerging markets alike. Learn more about what's happening nationally and which elements regulators should be considering to prevent pitfalls and align state standards with best practices. [PDF]


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Shelter should clean up its act
Published: Sunday, January 19, 2003 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, January 18, 2003 at 11:06 a.m.
To The Editor: I thought All Creatures Great and Small was ordered to shut down?
Now I see the organization is advertising for people to sponsor a dog or cat. Sure, come on down and take your sponsored pet for a walk along Seventh Avenue or, better yet, Four Seasons Boulevard.
The place looks like a slum for animals! The same unwanted junk and trash has been in front of the building for months and the yard where you drive in is an unkempt mess. What about the black plastic flapping in the breeze; is that to keep the cold wind off the dogs?
The group's members wonder why they have a hard time adopting out the animals? Make the facility look better! Sometimes you can tell a book by its cover. The no-kill concept is great, but not if it isn't managed and funded properly. Don't keep the animals alive just to make them suffer; that's cruelty.
Charles Weinhagen
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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ANAHEIM, Calif. -- The Los Angeles Angels will be without pitcher Joel Pineiro until September after he strained a muscle in his left side warming up before Wednesday's game against the Boston Red Sox.
The Angels announced that Pineiro likely will be out six to eight weeks. An MRI exam confirmed the diagnosis of team doctor Craig Milhouse: a strained left oblique muscle. Pineiro will be placed on the 15-day disabled list. He likely will be replaced in the Angels' rotation by rookie Trevor Bell, who was optioned to Triple-A Salt Lake on Monday.
Pineiro said he was midway through his pregame bullpen session when he felt a tugging on his left side.
"I was throwing a curveball. I just thought it was a cramp," Pineiro said. "I thought maybe I could stretch it out and see what happens. Then I tried to throw another and there was no chance, no way to throw it."
Angels manager Mike Scioscia got a call in his office about 12 minutes before the game was set to begin. He got word to the umpires and the game started three minutes after the scheduled start time of 12:35 p.m.
"It happens to teams all around baseball. It got us this afternoon," Scioscia said. "It's unfortunate. I think Joel was throwing the ball the best he has in his life right now."
Pineiro has been a dependable starter in his first season with Los Angeles, going 10-7 with a 4.18 ERA. He had won seven straight decisions before losing his most recent start in New York last week.
Pineiro even had two extra days of rest since his last start, but hurt himself midway through warm-ups. He couldn't believe the extensive recovery time required.
"My heart just dropped to the ground," Pineiro said. "'There's no way. There's got to be a mistake,' I told them. They said: 'You've got a pretty good strain in there, but everybody recovers differently, so we'll see what happens with you.'"
The injury further hampers the Angels' attempts to get back in contention for their sixth AL West title in the past seven seasons.
A 7-3 loss to Boston on Wednesday dropped the Angels into third place in the division, nine games behind leader Texas. The Angels have lost seven of eight, and the Red Sox ended Los Angeles' streak of 79 straight home series without being swept dating back to June 2007.
Veteran Angels reliever Scot Shields struggled while making just the 15th start of his major league career against Boston, giving up two homers and two walks in his last-minute assignment before leaving in the second inning with the bases loaded. The longtime middle reliever hadn't started a game since Sept. 28, 2003, against Texas.
After relievers Francisco Rodriguez and Rich Thompson combined on 5 1/3 solid innings, Fernando Rodney gave up Marco Scutaro's decisive grand slam in the eighth inning.
"I felt like I should take that loss, no matter whether I was out there or not," Pineiro said. "Those guys in the bullpen tried to pitch their hearts out. It was unexpected -- 10 minutes before the ballgame -- but those guys did what they had to do."
The Angels' once-solid starting rotation suddenly looks shaky. Left-hander Scott Kazmir is out with shoulder fatigue, and Los Angeles traded steady Joe Saunders to Arizona on Sunday in a deal to land three-time All-Star Dan Haren, who was hit on the right forearm by a line drive on Monday.
Ace Jered Weaver and Ervin Santana both are healthy, and Haren said he'll make his scheduled start Saturday against the Rangers.
The Angels later announced they added a little bit of pitching depth when they signed ex-Pirate and Giants pitcher Ryan Vogelsong and assigned him to Triple-A Salt Lake. Vogelsong had been pitching for the Philadelphia Phillies' Triple-A team before being released July 16.
Before that, he spent three seasons pitching for the Orix Buffaloes in Japan.
Vogelsong was 10-22 with a 5.86 ERA in six seasons in the majors.
Mark Saxon covers the Angels for ESPNLosAngeles.com. Information from The Associated Press was used in this report.


text:
Tomboy (2011 film)
Theatrical release poster
|Directed by
|Céline Sciamma
|Produced by
|Bénédicte Couvreur
|Screenplay by
|Céline Sciamma
|Zoé Héran
Malonn Lévana
Sophie Cattani
Mathieu Demy
Jeanne Disson
|Music by
|Para One
|Crystel Fournier
|Edited by
|Julien Lacheray
Hold Up Films
arte France Cinéma
|Distributed by
|Pyramide Distribution
Release dates
Running time
|82 minutes[1]
|$1 million[2]
|Box office
|$4.3 million[3]
Tomboy is a 2011 French drama film written and directed by Céline Sciamma.[4] The story follows a 10-year-old transgender child (given the name Laure by his parents) who, after moving with his family to a new neighborhood introduces himself to his new friends as Mikäel. The film opened to positive reviews, with critics praising the directing and the performers, particularly Zoé Héran as the lead.[5][6][7]
Laure is a 10-year-old child whose family moves to a new address in Paris. One day Laure sees a group of boys playing outside the window and goes to play with them, but they disappear quickly. Instead, Laure meets Lisa, a neighborhood girl, and Laure introduces himself as Mikäel. Lisa then introduces Mikäel to the rest of the neighborhood children stating that "he" is the new kid in the apartment complex. A bath scene in the film reveals that Mikäel has a vagina, and a following scene confirms that Mikäel was assigned female at birth as his mother addresses him and his sister as "girls." Mikäel becomes friends with Lisa and the boys and tries to hide his genitalia to appear like a boy (make it seem that he has a penis). At one point this leads Mikäel to pee his pants, which originally makes him embarrassed, but is soon forgotten. As they all play, Lisa and Mikäel develop crushes on each other and after swimming one day, Lisa kisses him. At this point, Mikäel also seems to be accepted into the group of boys.
One day, when Lisa comes by the apartment to look for Mikäel she runs into Mikäel's sister, Jeanne instead, thereby revealing to Jeanne how Mikäel is presenting himself to his friends as a boy. At first Jeanne is upset, but when Mikäel promises to take her with him on all his outings for the rest of the summer she quickly becomes happy to have a big brother which she says is "way better" than having a big sister. She also helps Mikäel cut his hair and keeps his secret from their parents. Although his mom is supportive of Mikäel for being tomboy (for example, by painting his room blue), she also seems to want him to display more culturally-defined "female" behaviors (for example, being thrilled when one day, while playing, Lisa puts makeup on Mikäel's face).
Then, after a fight with one of the boys, the boy and his mother come to Mikäel's door to get him in trouble. Mikäel's mother pretends to know that Mikäel is her "son", but afterwards she gets angry with him for telling everyone that he was a boy. After this incident, Mikäel's mother forces him to wear a dress and makes him go over to the apartment of the boy he hit. Jeanne is visibly upset by this and tries to help Mikäel. Mikäel's mother is also clearly upset and sad about the situation. She confesses to Mikäel that she is forcing him to reveal that he was born a girl to protect him. Mikäel's mom also makes him go to Lisa's apartment. When Lisa sees Mikäel in his dress, she runs off without a word.
After running into the woods Mikäel overhears the boys talking about him, and when they see him running they chase him and surround him saying they're going to see if he's really a girl, Lisa stands up to them and tells them to leave him alone. Once she is called disgusting for kissing a girl, however, Lisa reluctantly "checks" and confirms Mikäel's genitalia, leaving Mikäel distraught.
Later, we see Mikäel in his house with his mom and sister, not wanting to go outside. But, when he sees Lisa standing outside his window he goes out. This final scene suggests hope for at least a friendship between him and Lisa.
- Zoé Héran as Laure/Mickäel
- Malonn Lévana as Jeanne, Mickaël's sister
- Sophie Cattani as The mother
- Mathieu Demy as The father
- Jeanne Disson as Lisa
The film explores a theme of ambiguous gender. Writer/director Céline Sciamma said, "The movie is ambiguous about Mikael's feelings for Lisa. It plays with the confusion. I wanted it to be that way."[8]
Tomboy earned very positive reviews. Earning 97% certified fresh on Rotten Tomatoes with a consensus saying, "In tune with the emotion and tribulations of childhood, Tomboy is a charming movie that treats its main subject with warmth and heart."[9] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave 3.5 out of 4 stars, commenting that Tomboy is "tender and affectionate".[10]
|This section requires expansion. (April 2013)
Home media[edit]
Tomboy was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 5 March 2012[11] and in the United States on 5 June 2012.[12]
- Jury Award at the 2011 Teddy Awards, given for the best film with LGBT themes at the Berlin film festival.
- Golden Duke, the main prize of the official competition of the 2011 Odessa International Film Festival.
- Audience Award at the 2011 San Francisco Frameline Gay & Lesbian Film Festival.
- Best Feature Film at the 2011 Philadelphia QFest Lesbian and Gay Film Festival.
- Competition at the 2011 Torino Lesbian and Gay Film Festival.
- Nominated for the GLAAD Media Award as Outstanding Film — Limited Release.
- Héran won the Jury Award for Best Performance at the 2011 NewFest Film Festival.
- Héran was nominated for the Young Artist Award as Best Leading Young Performer in an International Feature Film.[13]
- Prix Jacques Prévert du Scénario for Best Original Screenplay in 2012
- ^ "TOMBOY (U)". British Board of Film Classification. 8 August 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=12154
- ^ http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Tomboy-(2011)#tab=summary
- ^ Smith, Ian Hayden (2012). International Film Guide 2012. p. 120. ISBN 978-1908215017.
- ^ Dargis, Manohla (15 November 2011). "Movie Review — Tomboy". New York Times.
- ^ Trish Bendix (16 November 2011). "Céline Sciamma talks "Tomboy," "Water Lilies" and why LGBT film festivals are still necessary". AFTERELTON.COM. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ "LA Film Fest: Film Guide 2011" (PDF). Los Angeles Times. 12 June 2011.
- ^ Céline Sciamma talks "Tomboy," "Water Lilies" and why LGBT film festivals are still necessary at AfterEllen
- ^ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tomboy_2011/
- ^ http://www.rogerebert.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120125/REVIEWS/120129985/-1/RSS
- ^ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Tomboy-Blu-ray-Céline-Sciamma/dp/B005JZ90M0/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1348691918&sr=8-2
- ^ http://www.amazon.com/Tomboy-Sophie-Cattani/dp/B007OXB1H2/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1348691936&sr=8-2&keywords=tomboy
- ^ "33rd Annual Young Artist Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
External links[edit]
- Tomboy at the Internet Movie Database
- Tomboy at AllMovie
- Tomboy at Box Office Mojo
- Tomboy at Rotten Tomatoes
- Tomboy at Metacritic
- "TOMBOY — TRAILER". Rocket Releasing. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- 2011 films
- French-language films
- Childhood LGBT-related films
- Films directed by Céline Sciamma
- Films set in France
- Films shot in France
- French drama films
- French films
- French LGBT-related films
- French independent films
- Lesbian-related films
- LGBT-related drama films
- Transgender in film
- 2010s drama films
- 2010s LGBT-related films


text:
Cancer survivor Lord Norman Foster gave HRH Duchess of Cornwall a tour of his newly completed Maggie's Center in his hometown of Manchester at the cancer facility's official opening April 27th, showing her a design that emphasizes natural light and a connection to nature. This has lead to numerous... View full entry »
The developers of the 450-meter high Zifeng Tower in Nanjing have been found guilty of robbing the surrounding neighborhood of precious sunshine, and will have to compensate residents accordingly. [...]
The 89-story Zifeng Tower was designed by American architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. It is the tallest building in Nanjing, fourth tallest in China and 12 tallest in the world. — shanghaiist.com
Related news on Archinect:Crowded skies: Sunlight as the new amenity for the super richAs Manhattan grows supertaller, its shadows are getting superlongerWelcome to the permanent dusk: Sunlight in cities is an endangered species View full entry »
The Photon Space is becoming known as the first all-glass modular structure of its kind that addresses the health benefits of exposure to natural light and the importance of those benefits in our contemporary lifestyle — where many of us spend it indoors — and its everyday stresses.Recently... View full entry »
This project was designed to offer a kinetic and mechanical solution to a problem that would otherwise be nearly impossible to solve with static architectural components: providing shading across a building facade for both low evening sun and high afternoon sun conditions.
A mirror tracks the sun throughout the day, reflecting its rays onto a parabolic dish, which then focuses the reflected daylight into a small 'light pipe' aperture. The concentrated light then travels through a series of relay lenses "over any distance and in any direction", according to the company. A diffuser ensures that light evenly reaches the desired areas. — forumforthefuture.org
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text:
I'd prefer the police show up at a house where a girl is NOT being tortured than ignore the plea of a child who IS being tortured.
Agreed with Dee: the passerby and the police were exactly correct in their actions. Then again, I doubt anybody would disagree.
However, if that were my daughter, she'd lose window priviledges for two weeks over a stunt like that.
Is it "heeded"?
@3- Van Wing is getting in the spirit of European football as if the plea/ball was deflected (headed) to the police. Goal! For the little girl and Sage! Uberrascht!
Heeded means "paid attention to"
That child should be beaten. Hard.
Wouldn't that sort of - um, justify her original plea for help?
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Give a Gift Membership
With this gift of nature, Nature Conservancy magazine arrives all year long. Join
On August 4, The New York Times published an article about The Nature Conservancy's Texas City Prairie Preserve.
The decision to initiate oil/gas leasing at the Texas City Prairie Preserve was made in 1999, over 15 years ago. We would not make the same decision today.
The protection of the Attwater's prairie chicken has been and remains our top priority. We have worked for many years closely with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Texas City and in other places to protect this highly endangered species. This is a responsibility we take very seriously.
Since 2003, the Conservancy has had an explicit organizational policy that prohibits the initiation of new oil, gas or hard rock mining activity unless required by existing contracts or other legal requirements.
In 2007, the company that operates under the 1999 oil and gas lease sought to drill a new well to replace the original well which had suffered a mechanical failure. After seeking and receiving a formal legal opinion from an outside attorney with expertise in Texas oil and gas law, and after consulting a petroleum engineer to confirm that the original well had failed, the Conservancy determined that under the terms of the lease, the lessee was entitled to drill a replacement well. That well was drilled from the same pad as the original well.
This was not a decision we made lightly. The Conservancy does not want to be in the oil or gas business.
The Nature Conservancy is a leading conservation organization working around the world to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Visit The Nature Conservancy on the web at www.nature.org. To learn about the Conservancy's global initiatives, visit www.nature.org/global. To keep up with current Conservancy news, follow @nature_press on Twitter.


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Read an Excerpt
Into the BlackJPL and the American Space Program, 1976-2004
By Peter J. Westwick
Yale University PressCopyright © 2007 Yale University
All right reserved.
Chapter OneThe Inheritance
THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY (JPL) STARTED AS A GRADUATE-STUDENT rocket project at Caltech in the 1930s. At the time Caltech was already a center for science and engineering in the United States, a position it would occupy for the rest of the century. In 1930 Caltech lured Theodore von Kármán, a leading authority on aerodynamics, to become director of its Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, or GALCIT. Von Kármán's lab at first studied airplane flight until a graduate student, Frank Malina, proposed thesis work on rockets. Malina banded together with two other rocket enthusiasts, John Parsons and Ed Forman; they fired their first rocket motor in fall 1936 at an isolated spot in the Arroyo Seco, a dry wash three miles above the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. The wisdom of using a remote site was confirmed when subsequent tests on campus misfired, one explosively. By spring of 1938 Malina and his group had a rocket that ran on the test stand for over a minute. The rocket work piqued military interest, and in January 1939 the National Academy of Sciences began funding GALCIT for work on rocket-assistedtakeoff for airplanes. The following year the Army Air Corps took over, and the expanding program soon shifted for good to the Arroyo Seco site.
Arsenal for the Army
The onset of World War II brought big budgets and secrecy to the rocketeers. It also led to the formal establishment of JPL. Following intelligence reports in 1943 of German rocket development, von Kármán, Malina, and Hsue-shen Tsien, a Chinese mathematician performing theoretical analyses for GALCIT, proposed a long-range program. The army responded with enthusiasm, although Caltech's trustees approved the contract only for the duration of the war. The arrangement nevertheless illustrated a basic watershed in the history of American science and technology: the wartime use of research contracts to enlist academic science in service for the federal government, particularly the military. In this case the army paid for new facilities and operating expenses, while Caltech contributed its administration, faculty, and graduates, as well as its name, to the enterprise. The army thus obtained access to expertise outside its ranks, lab staff got a technical challenge and the resources to pursue it, and both scientists and university administrators earned a patriotic sense of contributing to the war effort. The campus also received a fixed fee on top of the operating budget, a more concrete and compelling inducement that aided recovery from the Depression. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory officially opened on 1 July 1944, the new name shedding the speculative stigma of rockets. When von Kármán's increasing work for the air force took him to Washington later that year, Malina stepped in as director. JPL did not demobilize at the end of the war, although that required accommodations with campus. Caltech had agreed to only a wartime project, and many campus faculty wanted to return to peacetime research. Caltech barred classified research on campus and required military contracts to involve fundamental research instead of strictly applications. Malina and von Kármán suggested that Caltech set up its own rocket laboratory for unclassified, basic research on rockets for scientific use. Caltech's trustees instead decided to continue the existing arrangement, after the army assured them that JPL could focus on basic, unclassified research. Thus, like other large wartime labs, JPL survived through the postwar flux and was ready for service at the onset of the cold war. The decision to continue JPL as a cold war military lab had its costs. Domestic anticommunism perhaps encouraged Malina to resign as director in 1946, as he had moved in left-leaning circles in the 1930s and come under the suspicion of the FBI. It certainly cost the lab the later services of Tsien; when he sought to return to Maoist China, the federal government detained him in the United States and barred him from classified material and thus from JPL. Military work had programmatic consequences as well. The army had pushed for a broad program on guided missiles, and the lab began to acquire expertise in electronics as well as in aerodynamics and propulsion. To highlight the shift, in 1954 William Pickering, an electrical engineer from Caltech, assumed the directorship of JPL, replacing Louis Dunn, Malina's successor.
Pickering's low-key geniality and informality belied the increasing organization of the lab. From the war through the late 1950s JPL designed and built a series of larger and longer-range missiles, designated by military rank: from the Private to Corporal and finally Sergeant. The work initially entailed much basic research in chemistry, physics, aerodynamics, and electronics; but the army wanted an operational weapon in the end, and the national emergency of the early 1950s-the Soviet atomic bomb, war in Korea, and development of tactical nuclear weapons-increased the urgency for a tactical missile. In 1950 the army asked JPL to weaponize the Corporal, primarily to carry nuclear warheads, and over the next several years JPL moved from research into development and then production functions, and even into training troops in use of the weapon. Corporal started JPL's transition from a small, unclassified, academic research outfit to a large, secret, development organization. The transition intensifed in 1954 when JPL undertook Sergeant, which would use solid instead of liquid propellants. An ad hoc, academic design process and loose organization had proved insufficient to handle the many problems on Corporal, including component failure, integration of components into subsystems and systems, oversight of contractors, and operation and training. The solution was managerial, not technological. The Sergeant managers-Robert Parks and his deputy, Jack James-included reliability, testing, and maintenance factors in the component design process, standardized the test and safety procedures, and, a crucial step, insisted on a progressive design freeze, with documented control of all changes. These procedures enabled JPL to develop Sergeant largely on schedule. From a longer view, they represent the initial steps toward the techniques of systems engineering. By 1953 JPL had more than 1,000 staff and a budget of $11 million. Despite the army's assurances, most of the work was secret: by 1958 almost two-thirds of lab publications were classified. The increasing secrecy, formality, and production nature of the work weakened links with campus, but Caltech administrators and trustees rebuffed suggestions to transfer the lab to another contractor or to the army itself.
Onward and Upward with NASA
Von Kármán had initially intended to extend the missile series up through colonel, "the highest rank that works." But Pickering chafed under the pressure of developing weapons systems, and he and Caltech president Lee DuBridge determined not to go beyond Sergeant. The lab instead looked outward, and upward, for new opportunity. JPL rocketeers had always kept an eye on space as a destination for their hardware. In 1949 they reached it, with a version of the Corporal launched on top of a V-2 rocket to a height of 250 miles. In 1955 JPL renewed this collaboration with expropriated German rocket scientists at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), for whom JPL developed a radio-guidance system and reentry vehicle for an intermediate-range ballistic missile. This work led to a tracking system that could detect very faint radio signals thousands of kilometers away and to a proto-satellite vehicle.
The federal government was meanwhile prosecuting the crash program for an intercontinental ballistic missile and beginning to appreciate the appeal of space for international prestige as well as military uses. The United States declared its intent to launch a satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year in 1957-58, but President Eisenhower insisted on a civilian, science-oriented precedent and thus sank a collaborative proposal from the army's labs at JPL and ABMA. Then, on 4 October 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik. When the hurried American response failed dismally on the launch pad, JPL and the army got the green light to enter the space race. JPL's tracking system and reentry vehicle earned it the right to build the satellite, known as Explorer 1. The triumphant launch of Explorer on 31 January 1958 propelled JPL into the public eye and also into a leading role in the nation's space program. JPL followed with more Explorers and two Pioneers, the last of which aimed for the moon and signaled JPL's intent to push beyond earth orbit. Meanwhile, after much debate, Eisenhower and Congress in mid-1958 created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA coveted JPL's space expertise, and on 1 January 1959 the lab transferred to the new agency. JPL would thence have to negotiate its role amidst the often overlapping missions of other NASA centers. NASA assigned JPL responsibility for automated spacecraft for lunar and planetary exploration, which solidified the shift away from its titular interest in propulsion. In the heady days of the early space race, JPL planners laid out a series of flights to the moon, Venus, and Mars, culminating in a manned flight around Mars and back in 1965. They worried that this program lacked ambition. NASA instead accepted a more measured plan for three main flight series: first, reconnaissance flights to the moon known as Ranger; then Surveyor, to soft-land a spacecraft on the moon; and, concurrently, Mariner probes to Venus and Mars. But even this scaled-back program would push JPL to the breaking point and beyond, and force the lab to forge a new regime.
The shift from rockets to spacecraft was not just a matter of mastering new technical fields. JPL engineers went from developing production-line weapon systems, with dozens or hundreds of test flights, to designing custom-built spacecraft that were too elaborate and expensive to test in flight. The Corporal and Sergeant programs in the 1950s had impelled the first steps toward systems engineering, but in the rush of the early space race JPL managers had dispensed with formal methods in favor of quick results, firing off spacecraft until project engineers learned how to make one fly.
JPL learned the hard way that space missions might not resemble production-line missiles. From 1961 through 1962 the Ranger program suffered a series of mishaps. The launch vehicles failed for Rangers 1 and 2. Ranger 3 survived launch vehicle problems only to be bitten by a bug in JPL's flight software: a single reversed sign altered the trajectory, sending the craft in a direction opposite to that intended. Ranger 4 flew the correct path, but its communications failed and the spacecraft sailed silently, dumbly, into its perfect impact on the moon. After Ranger 5 missed the moon altogether NASA called a halt. It was not just the cost the nation could not tolerate, but also the embarrassment. The space race put a premium on quick results, but above all on results alone, and each failure undermined international perceptions of American prestige.
NASA's failure review board traced the problem to JPL's "shoot and hope" approach. JPL needed to test components and verify systems on the ground beforehand to ensure that spacecraft would work right the first time. To correct what NASA called "a loose anarchistic approach to project management," Pickering assigned new managers to Ranger, bringing in Bob Parks, the former Sergeant manager, as head of the lunar program and Harris "Bud" Schurmeier as Ranger project manager. Parks and Schurmeier applied the rigorous methods of systems engineering, including a formal design review and failure reporting system. The most important management technique involved design freezes and change control: at particular stages the project manager froze the design of a component, allowing modifications only with his written approval. The project manager thus kept individual engineers and scientists from pursuing indefinite improvements at the expense of the overall schedule, budget, and reliability. All of this relied on formal documentation to record, report, and enforce management decisions. JPL thus helped originate the discipline, in both senses of the word, of systems engineering.
The crucible of Ranger also forged a new organizational structure. Through the 1950s Pickering had favored a functional organization, with staff divided among several technical divisions akin to disciplinary academic departments. Such a structure served well while JPL worked mainly on one large project at a time, but as the lab entered the space program and undertook a number of concurrent projects, it adopted a matrix organization. The matrix overlaid the technical divisions with a number of small, temporary project offices. Almost all the permanent staff resided in the technical divisions, which each project would draw on as necessary. The matrix thus allowed technical people to float from project to project while providing them a permanent home in the organization. In effect, the project offices controlled money and the technical divisions controlled people. The original matrix, however, was weak; the technical divisions kept most of their authority and left little to the project offices, which hired technical staff subject to the whim of the technical managers. After the failures Pickering gave project managers authority over all staff assigned to their project. Although Ranger may have been on the brink of success in its original mode, its subsequent results cemented the foundation of project management. The 1960s may have been the heyday of the technological fix-the tendency of American society to seek solutions to almost any problem through wonderful new technologies-but Ranger, though itself a technological tour de force, represented instead a managerial fix. Jack James was meanwhile already applying the formal approach to Mariner in parallel to Ranger, including failure reporting, design freezes, and change control. Although the launch vehicle failed on the first Mariner, doomed by the omission of a single hyphen in the guidance equations, Mariner 2 flew flawlessly to Venus in late 1962. After Mariner 3 failed, Mariner 4 in 1964 returned the first close-up pictures of Mars and showed up the Soviets after their five failures to reach the red planet. Subsequent Mariner flights-to Venus in 1967, Mars in 1969, to orbit Mars in 1971, and to Venus and Mercury in 1973-demonstrated JPL's mastery of high-reliability spacecraft and built up a cadre of experienced project managers.
There was another, less publicized product of the early space missions, albeit a physically large one. JPL had won the Explorer mission in part thanks to its radio tracking work, and it began setting up a worldwide network of radio antennas, capable of communicating at any time with satellites in any orbital position around the earth. Such a network required three sites about 120 degrees apart in longitude. For the first and main site communications engineers, led by Eberhardt Rechtin, a Caltech PhD in electrical engineering, chose the Goldstone dry lake bed in the Mojave desert, about a hundred miles east of JPL. For the other nodes of what was called the Deep Space Network, JPL eventually settled on stations at Tidbinbilla in Australia and near Madrid in Spain, each of which by the early 1970s had antennas 26 meters and 64 meters in diameter. The massive antennas of the Deep Space Network enabled reception of signals transmitted by very low power spacecraft transmitters across hundreds of millions of kilometers. But large aperture alone was not enough. Hydrogen masers provided a precise frequency standard to ensure phase coherence of uplinked and downlinked signals, and cryogenic cooling of the ground receivers helped reduce signal noise. JPL engineers also developed complex codes to apply to the signals to screen out noise and transmission errors, as well as ones for data compression and pseudo-noise codes to prevent anyone-say, the Soviets-from eavesdropping or hijacking the spacecraft. Such techniques made JPL an important early center for telecommunications coding, and the techniques and the people themselves would help drive the emergence of the telecommunications industry, especially cellular phones, decades later.
Excerpted from Into the Black by Peter J. Westwick Copyright © 2007 by Yale University. Excerpted by permission.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.


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They offer intimate settings for corporate events.
BOUTIQUE hotels and group bookings don't usually go together. But that perception is slowly changing. Planners are seeing a paradigm shift in how meetings, events and conferences are conducted. The landscape has become wide enough to bring together corporate executives wishing for out-of-the-box experiences and boutique properties that are a destination unto themselves.
"Attendees are looking for unique experiences and personalised service," says Narun Wiwattanakrai of the 35-room Rarinjinda Wellness Spa and Resort in Chiang Mai. "Because of our size, we're able to provide those who conduct programmes with us a more distinctive service." And its wellness spa, which is served by an on-site physician, adds to a highly unforgettable stay.
Planners used to be wary of booking a boutique property because they were unsure of its quality and services. But all that has changed, thanks to online reviews like tripadvisor and virtualtourist.
"The hospitality scene has evolved so much, and it is changing in favour of small hotel properties," says freelance event planner Hana Nguyen.
Planners love it when they read comments such as "special little touches", "artwork in the lobby" or "a pre-loaded iPod", Hana adds, "as this shows the property is really aiming to create an experiential stay – an increasing trait that attendees look for in today's MICE".
Boutique hotels are winning over MICE clients because they provide unique meeting environments and they are flexible about the services they can offer. That's to give just two reasons.
At Jia Shanghai, housed in a 1920's European building in the heart of the city, meetings and events can be had at its chalet-inspired restaurant, the lobby with its artsy take on contemporary Chinese art and design, or even the Penthouse, which comes with its own butler. "Look, when you compare incentive meetings at an airport hotel conference room or something like Jia, you're always going to remember what transpired in the boutique hotel rather than the other one," says Helmi Sofyan of Jakarta's Red Carpet Events. "And in this business, you do want your event to carry forward longer in participants' minds."
The possibility to book the entire boutique hotel and still remain within budget also allows the group to take centre stage, creating a sanctuary for attendees and providing them with a whole new level of experience. At New Zealand's Huka Lodge, where Hana recently brought in an incentive group, attendees had the entire 17 acres of manicured grounds to themselves and could do as they pleased. "Many of them loved the fact that the trip provided them with a retreat. Now I think that's something worth working for."


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So far in my journeys I've come across a bunch of Toorum's notes. Are they purely flavor text or do they serve some purpose?
They are purely flavor, they do nothing more. My previous answer talked about an achievement that was incorrect, this is not true. The achievement I thought I unlocked by finding all the notes was: (spoiler)
which unlocks the "Buddies with Toorum" achievement. This allows you to play as Toorum in future playthroughs. More information on that can be found here.


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text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Oct 01st, 2005
Running Time: 143 Min.
Director: Bridgette Kerkove
Company: FusXion
Distribution Companies: Metro Distributors
Cast: Marco Duato, Michelle Banks, Melissa Lauren, Otto Bauer, Pascal Saint James, Jamie Elle, Hilary Scott, Alec Knight, Tiffany Holiday, Jay Lassiter, Tommy Gunn, Katja Kassin
Critical Rating: AAA
Genre: Gonzo
Bridgette Kerkove knows how to assemble a steamy cast, bring out hot and sexy performances, and sizzle a viewer's brain with crystal clear images - but what the hell happened to the digital video quality on this one?
Everyone does a terrific job here, but the video is frequently grainy and pixilated, which really distracts from the mood, especially given how good Kerkove's work can be. Great intro soundtrack, though.
Retailing: If they're willing to overlook some distractingly pixilated images, this will do well with those that love ass sex and Bridgette Kerkove as director.


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Another Soda-Tax Squabble
Bloomberg Takes Center Stage in Debate in Mexico
MEXICO CITY—New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg has taken center stage in a heated debate in Mexico over whether to slap a special tax on sugary soft-drinks to help the country curb growing epidemics of obesity and diabetes.
Having been tripped up in his efforts to get New Yorkers to cut back on soda, Mr. Bloomberg has brought his campaign south of the border, where he has backed a government proposal to tax sugary drinks in a country that is a huge market for Coca-Cola Co. and other soft drink companies.
The bill seeks a one peso (eight U.S. cents) tax per liter of soda, part of a wide-ranging tax overhaul proposed by the government of President Enrique Peña Nieto last month. Some Mexican lawmakers are pushing to double the proposed tax to two pesos per liter.
Bloomberg Philanthropies, the umbrella organization for Mr. Bloomberg's charitable activities, has donated $10 million over the past two years toward combating obesity in Mexico under a three-year program. The organization's website lists "raising taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages" as one way to combat obesity in Mexico.
One of Bloomberg's beneficiaries, a group called El Poder del Consumidor, is a leading supporter of the soda tax.
On Monday, opponents of the proposed tax ran full-page newspaper ads nicknaming the initiative "The Bloomberg Tax" in the hopes that nationalism will persuade members of Congress to reject the bill.
"You are the representatives of Mexico's sovereignty. Are you going to allow the creation of a tax promoted from abroad?" the ad said, adding that Mr. Bloomberg's efforts in the U.S. had so far been a failure.
"Bloomberg Philanthropies is supporting advocates and researchers in Mexico who have been working to find solutions to the devastating health impacts of obesity," said Kelly Henning, the director of public health programs at Bloomberg Philanthropies. "With more than 70% of adult Mexicans and 34% of Mexican children overweight or obese and diabetes as the second-leading cause of death it is clear that all solutions need to be seriously considered to save as many lives as possible."
Mr. Bloomberg's policy proposals on soda have met stiff resistance from officials in Albany and Washington, as well as in the courts. In 2010, the mayor unsuccessfully lobbied the New York state legislature to approve a penny-per-ounce tax on heavily sweetened sodas and beverages.
In 2011, the Obama administration rejected the mayor's request to bar the city's food-stamp recipients from using their benefits to buy soda and other sugary drinks. This year, in another high-profile defeat, two courts have blocked the mayor's proposal to ban the sale of large sugary drinks in restaurants and other venues; the mayor is continuing to appeal that ruling.
Alejandro Calvillo, director of El Poder del Consumidor, dismissed the argument that the soda-tax idea was born outside Mexico, saying his group began pushing the concept before it linked with Bloomberg Philanthropies.
"The only thing that Bloomberg has done is support a pre-existing organization," said Mr. Calvillo, whose financial contributors also include nonprofits such as Oxfam International.
"The soft-drink industry says that Bloomberg wants to do here what he wasn't able to in New York—as if we were puppets," added Mr. Calvillo, who says he has never met New York's mayor.
Mr. Bloomberg sent Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto a congratulatory message through his Twitter account in September after Mr. Pena Nieto's government proposed the levy.
Seven of 10 adults in Mexico are either overweight or obese, while an estimated 15% of people over the age of 20 have adult-onset Type 2 diabetes.
In addition to taxing soda, Bloomberg Philanthropies' website endorses measures such as banning advertisements for junk food and sugary beverages aimed at children.
If the tax is approved, Mexico would join countries such as France in placing fiscal disincentives on sweet drinks. The tax proposal is under debate this week, with alternatives under consideration that include doubling it to two Mexican pesos per liter, or instead charging a direct tax on sweeteners such as cane sugar and high fructose corn syrup, according to law makers.
"The involvement of foreign actors, like Bloomberg, the way he's looking to interfere in issues and economics of other countries, is worrisome," Carlos Blackaller, president of Mexico's sugar-cane growers union, said recently.
Mexico is the world's fifth-biggest sugar producer and one of the top consumers of soda per capita. Mexican beverage companies buy about 15% of the country's domestic sugar production.
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"From Lijiang to ZhongDian" Top 5 Page for this destination Zhongdian Favorite Tip by vigi
Zhongdian General: 29 reviews and 36 photos
Fondest memory: 12Sep2003 (Friday), I took the 10:30am bus from Lijiang to ZhongDian, 6 hours ride, price 33 Yuan. The bus was bumpy, everybody sqeezed together, as usual when taking minibus in China, we didn't have space to stretch our legs. On this public bus were a western "tour group" going from ZhongDian to Tibet. I was shocked when I know that they actually pay about 13,000 Yuan for the 17 days tour, and they were actually taking the public bus!!! And staying in cheap guest houses!!! And these people still think that it's a GOOD DEAL!!!
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Jul 21
Sounds Like: Paul McCartney, Todd Rundgren, Steely Dan, STFU
Label: secret ambitions music, Devotions Recording
Manager: Mark Cray
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"Everybody Loves Me" has got to be one of your best songs to date Mike. Brilliant lyrics, and so much going on musically, including a double tracked harp solo! The pace of maturity in your songwriting is amazing. Using your music as a vehicle of social commentary is the sign of a Mature Songwriter that understands how music can and does bring back the memories and feelings of how history has effected our lives, and how easy a simple saying or line can enter into our common vernacular culture. Well Done Michael, Well Done...


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Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
, Volume 51, Issue 1, pp 97-104
First online:
Xylan hydrolysis in zinc chloride solution
- N. J. CaoAffiliated withDepartment of Food Science, Purdue University
- , Q. XuAffiliated withDepartment of Food Science, Purdue University
- , L. F. ChenAffiliated withDepartment of Food Science, Purdue University
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Xylan is the major component of hemicellulose, which consists of up to one-third of the lignocellulosic biomass. When the zinc chloride solution was used as a pretreatment agent to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis, hemicellulose was hydrolyzed during the pretreatment stage. In this study, xylan was used as a model to study the hydrolysis of hemicellulose in zinc chloride solution. The degradation of xylose that is released from xylan was reduced by the formation of zinc-xylose complex. The xylose yield was >90% (w/w) at 70°C. The yield and rate of hydrolysis were a function of temperature and the concentration of zinc chloride. The ratio of zinc chloride can be decreased from 9 to 1.3 (w/w). At this ratio, 76% of xylose yield was obtained. When wheat straw was pretreated with a concentrated zinc chloride solution, the hemicellulose hydrolysate contained only xylose and trace amounts of arabinose and oligosaccharides. With this approach, the hemicellulose hydrolysate can be separated from cellulose residue, which would be hydrolyzed subsequently to glucose by acid or enzymes to produce glucose. This production scheme provided a method to produce glucose and xylose in different streams, which can be fermented in separated fermenters.
Index EntriesXylan xylose hydrolysis zinc chloride zinc-xylose complex
Reference tools
- Title
- Xylan hydrolysis in zinc chloride solution
- Journal
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Volume 51-52, Issue 1 , pp 97-104
- Cover Date
- 1995-09
- Print ISSN
- 0273-2289
- Online ISSN
- 1559-0291
- Publisher
- Humana Press
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Xylan
- xylose
- hydrolysis
- zinc chloride
- zinc-xylose complex
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- N. J. Cao (1)
- Q. Xu (1)
- L. F. Chen (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN


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A musician of uncommon versatility, Gunnar Idenstam happily acknowledges the influences of Swedish folk music and dance as well as the symphonic rock of the 1970s. But whether he collaborates with Sami traditional singers (as on Songs for Jukkasjärvi, BIS-1868) or folk musicians (as on Folkjul - A Swedish Folk Christmas, BIS-5031), Idenstam is firmly grounded in the virtuosic French organ tradition which he studied in France, with the legendary Marie-Claire Alain. It was during his time in Paris that he first started dreaming of transferring Debussy's La Mer to his own instrument – to perform this impressionistic orchestral seascape on the organ.
As Idenstam now releases a recording of his arrangement, it appears in the company of key orchestral works by Maurice Ravel, another composer who never wrote anything for the organ. In his liner notes to the album, Idenstam writes of arriving, over the years, at his own palette of organ sounds, one which he feels best corresponds to those of the orchestra. Finding a suitable organ on which to realize the arrangements has also been vital for this project, and as a result, Idenstam travelled to the small town of Dudelange in Luxemburg. With its more than 5.000 pipes, the four-manual Stahlhuth-Jann organ of Église Saint-Martin has an exceptionally broad dynamic spectrum, as well as a wealth of characteristic stops with which to bring out the timbres of Debussy's sea and wind, and depict the daybreak of Ravel's Lever du jour, the glittering ballroom chandeliers of La Valse or the ecstatic climax of Boléro.
"... a programme of rich ambition and imagination."
Jeremy Nicholas - Gramophone magazine - November 2014
"...The organ of St Martin's, Dudelange, Luxembourg is an excellent choice with its synthesis of the best of the French, German and English schools of organbuilding. The spatial disposition of the four-manuals in the clear but reverberant acoustic allows the all-important sense of orchestral background and foreground to be recreated. Idenstam brings an excellent technique and a generous sense of drama to the task at hand..."


text: I have some members pages which require the user to be logged in. If SSl is not forced everything works fine and after login the user is returned to the referring page. If SSL is forced then the login form is re-displayed. No errors are displayed. I guess this because cookies are not being set. Can anybody help please - I've been looking for a solution for a couple of weeks now?


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The Pace Arrow recreational vehicle in the Pepsi Center parking lot in Denver was hard to miss, anyway, but the No. 37 inside a black shield logo on the side gave away that it was somehow connected to former Atlanta Thrashers center Dan Snyder.
Three years after Dan suffered fatal injuries in a notorious auto accident in Atlanta, his parents, Graham and LuAnn, are in the middle of a tour to all 30 NHL arenas. In Denver, they attended the morning skates and the Colorado-Vancouver game Saturday.
They're attempting to raise money for the Dan Snyder Memorial Fund and construct a rink named in his honor in Elmira, Ontario.
"We're here to carry on a legacy for Dan," Graham said. "He did a lot of work in the communities where he lived and played hockey. We'd also like to give back to the hockey community because they've been so supportive of us the last three years. They've helped us through a very difficult time. We're getting a chance to say thank you to a lot of people along the way."
The Snyders' grace in the wake of their heart-breaking loss remains worthy of salute. On Sept. 29, 2003, the Thrashers' Dany Heatley -- young, rich, successful, obviously headed for a great career -- was driving his Ferrari 360 Modena, lost control, and his pal and teammate, Dan Snyder, was thrown from the car. Snyder suffered a fractured skull and brain injuries, and later came down with an infection. Six days after the accident, Snyder died. He was 25.
At the time of the accident, Snyder had played 49 games with the Thrashers, scoring 11 goals. Though Atlanta coach Bob Hartley appreciated Snyder's feistiness and general manager Don Waddell had told him he could plan on being on the 2003-04 opening-night roster, Snyder still was hoping to cement his claim as a long-term NHL center, rather than as a career minor-leaguer.
He didn't get that chance.
Heatley pleaded guilty to second-degree vehicular homicide and other charges related to reckless driving, and was placed on three years probation.
Graham and LuAnn Snyder's refusal to push for additional charges and jail time, or to jump at the chance to sue Heatley, defied the disquieting modern precedents of a litigious society. And it's not as if anyone would have had a case for calling them disgracefully opportunistic; they would have been justified. They just decided it wasn't the thing to do.
Colorado winger Andrew Brunette was Snyder's teammate for only two games in 2000-01 with the Thrashers, but also encountered Dan in training camps.
"I didn't know the family," Brunette said. "But I knew Dan. I think they handled it exactly the way he would have wanted it handled."
The Snyders' struggle to accept Dan's death, and their ultimate forgiveness of Heatley, are among the key elements in "A Season of Loss," the recent book about the two teammates by Atlanta Journal-Constitution writer John Manasso. It is a terrific read, about angst, friendship, loss and compassion.
"There have been a lot of people in and out of the hockey world who have written to us, who have called us to say how much they appreciated that approach and spirit, and lent their support to it," Graham said. "We chose that route and I think people have responded in a very positive way and lent their support to it. I guess it was a little bit unexpected for a lot of people, but it's the right thing to do for us."
Their tour of all 30 NHL arenas this season began on Oct. 12 at Chicago. The Snyders visited the AHL's Wolves, for whom Dan played as a popular and inspiring Thrashers farmhand for parts of the 2001-02 and 2002-03 seasons, before attending the Blackhawks' game against Nashville.
Graham has left his financial planning business temporarily in the hands of a couple of partners and LuAnn has stepped away from her part-time work at a nursery and her own gardening. They're on a tour that could be recorded on a T-shirt.
"There's some connection with Dan everywhere," Graham said. "Sometimes it's a distant one, and in some places it's a very close one. In Los Angeles, for example, we saw Mike Weaver, who played with Dan at Orlando [IHL], Chicago and Atlanta and won two championships with him. Jeff Cowan was Dan's linemate at Atlanta, and Sean Avery was a teammate of Dan's in junior, at Owen Sound. So it's been like that."
At the morning skates in Denver, Graham was wearing a Quebec Nordiques T-shirt for a good reason.
"Joe Sakic was Dan's role model when he was growing up," he said. "Dan was a Nordiques fanatic, and he tried to emulate Joe Sakic as much as he could."
At Snyder's memorial service, in fact, Hartley was one of the speakers. The coach spoke of how he returned to Denver to face the Avalanche for the first time since his firing at Colorado and his hiring at Atlanta. He informed Snyder at the morning skate that he would spend most of the game checking Peter Forsberg. Fine, said Snyder. But after the team's pregame meal, Snyder approached Hartley.
Hartley said Snyder asked: "I'll cover Forsberg and he won't do much, but can I play one shift versus Joe Sakic? He's my idol." The Thrashers won that February 2003 game, 4-3 in overtime.
When the Snyders departed Denver, they were headed for Dallas in the RV supplied by Dan's agent, Don Reynolds of Burlington, Ontario. Eerily, it is a 37-foot RV.
"We're going until Christmas in this," Graham said. "We'll leave it in Atlanta and we're flying home for Christmas. Then, we'll be in something else -- I'm not completely sure what it will be yet -- in the Northeast. Eventually, our last stop is going to be in Atlanta for the last game of the regular season [April 7 against Tampa Bay], and on our drive home, we're going to stop and see the Chicago Wolves play their last couple of games."
One of those later stops, of course, is going to be at Ottawa. Heatley is there primarily because the shadows, shame and regret haunted him in Atlanta, and he needed a change. And the Snyders will be in the Scotiabank Place parking lot, in the halls, shaking hands, saying thanks and asking for support.
"We haven't talked about it for a while," Graham said. "Originally, we had talked about going there first and we even talked to Dany about that. We decided we didn't want the focus of this to be on the accident, but on Dan. Dany's been really supportive of all of this and what we're trying to do."
More information on the Snyders' trip, and the Dan Snyder Foundation, is available at: www.37risingstars.com.
Terry Frei is a regular contributor to ESPN.com. He is the author of "Third Down and a War to Go" and "Horns, Hogs, and Nixon Coming."


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The Grand Junction Police Department is suspending its homeless outreach program because of staff shortages.
Two officers assigned to the program are being reassigned to patrol because the department does not have enough officers to respond to emergencies.
According to the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, the program uses police officers to build relationships and get people in touch with various services, including substance-abuse treatment, housing and employment.


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1 Night Pamper Break
Discover the perfect one night escape and relax and rejuvenate mind and body. Choose two treatments from the menu of four to really help pamper yourself at one of our award winning spas.
What's included?
- Arrival 2pm
- 1 night's accommodation
- Choose two treatments from Champneys massage (25 mins) worth £45; Champneys Relaxing Facial (25 mins) worth £39; Aromatherapy Wrap (25 mins) worth £39 or Head in the Clouds Scalp Massage (25 mins) worth £39.
- Use of spa facilities
- Access to up to 20 different classes per day
- Three course evening meal, healthy buffet breakfast and three course buffet lunch
- Depart 4pm (room 11am)
Prices from £249.00 per person at Henlow and Springs
Prices from £274.00 per person at Tring and Forest Mere
Please note that if you book multiples of this offer to create a longer stay, we cannot guarantee the same room will be allocated. You may need to vacate one room before the other is ready. Treatments included in the package will be booked in-between the individual package arrival and departure times.
Terms and conditions apply. A Saturday night supplement of £30 per person will be applied at booking stage once the date is chosen if applicable. There is also a single supplement of £30 per night applied at booking stage, if applicable. Champneys breaks, days and vouchers cannot be re-sold, and may only be used for promotional purposes with written permission from the directors of Champneys. Plan and Pamper offer excludes Vitality Health and Vitality Life customers.


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I'm using the Post Templates by Category Plugin. It allows me to have a template per category-post. That's ok.
But I'm having an issue. When I post something in TWO categories, the permalink (/%category%) shows the category in crescent order (if I post in id #1 ans #8, the permalink shows thr #1). But, the template uses a decrescent order (shows the #8 category template).
So, I got a URL saying that the post is from a category, and the template saying that it's another.
I'd like to make the template to follow the same crescent rule. Is there a way? Thank you!


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20 Jul 2016
An ideal future for one-to-one fundraisingWhat will the future of fundraising look like? The DMA's fundraising taskforce publishes is vision following a wide consultation with major stakeholders.
14 Jul 2016
DMA Insight: the Big Brand league tableNew DMA research shows the most popular retail brands according to consumers, and shows some big surprises when compared to other 'most popular' lists
12 Jul 2016
Is data really that important for modern marketing?We want your views on the importance and value of data to marketers as part of our research across 17 countries. Complete our short survey to give us your views.
29 Jun 2016
Award wins are more than just a trophy, they deliver higher return on investment tooAnalysis of DMA Award entries reveals what it means and takes to create a winning campaign
15 Jun 2016Member Content
The new rules of engagementRead the new research report into why relevancy is more important than personalisation, and the redefined relationship consumers are looking for.
28 Jul 2016
Programmatic Brand Safety: A Lion's GuideBrand safety can be a touchy subject in the programmatic world, so, like your brand, let's keep the conversation PG by talking about the Lion King instead.
27 Jul 2016
Optimize 360 - Google Releases Its Latest Website Testing ToolAn initial look at Optimize 360, Google's latest website testing and personalisation tool, part of the Google Analytics 360 Suite.
27 Jul 2016
7 Reasons Why You Need A Dedicated Account ManagerEvery business should be branding its everyday email. Why? Because branded interactive banners and signatures on every email your business sends immediately give you a new marketing channel – one that ticks all the brand-building 'boxes'.
27 Jul 2016


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Belarussian ice dancers compete in borrowed skates
LONDON, Ontario -- Viktoria Kavaliova and Yurii Bieliaiev were on borrowed blades.
The ice dancers from Belarus had to use someone else's skates for Thursday night's short dance after their luggage was lost in transit. And not just any skates, mind you. Bieliaiev was wearing singles skates, something he hasn't done since he was "5 or 6 years old."
"We are very glad we were able to skate at all," Kavaliova said. "We're pleased at how we were able to perform in light of all that happened."
The dancers had planned to leave their home in Minsk on Sunday, but visa issues pushed their departure back. Then a snowstorm shut down the Frankfurt airport, where they were supposed to connect. They finally arrived in London early Wednesday, only to discover that their luggage hadn't yet left Europe.
When volunteers heard of Kavaliova and Bieliaiev's plight, they quickly pitched in to help. Paul Moir, uncle of Olympic and world dance champion Scott Moir, offered to let Kavaliova use his daughter's skates. Sheri Moir used to be a dancer, and the Canadian maple leaf was clearly visible on Kavaliova's heel as she skated.
Bieliaiev was a little tougher. The 6-foot-4 dancer wears a size 14 skate, not exactly a size most rinks would have extras of stored in the back. Fortunately for him, former Canadian pairs skater Adam Johnson does, and he's a volunteer this week.
It wasn't an ideal solution; singles blades are longer than those used by ice dancers, and they also have a toe pick at the front.
But it was better than the alternative.
"We our very happy we were able to skate," Kavaliova said. "That we were able to overcome everything and compete."
Kavaliova and Bieliaiev finished last and did not qualify for Saturday's free dance.
SWIFT RISE: A year ago, Kaetlyn Osmond was still trying to perfect all of her triple jumps.
Now she's a step away from the podium at the World Figure Skating Championships.
"It is a little shocking," the 17-year-old Canadian said after finishing fourth in Thursday's short program. "It's just unbelievable to see how much progress I've made so fast."
This was no fluke, however.
Osmond won Skate Canada last fall, and her program Thursday was every bit as ambitious as those of the other top women. She landed a monster triple toe loop-triple toe combination with supreme confidence, and her triple flip and double axel were equally impressive. She got the maximum level fours for her footwork and two of her three spins.
And when it came to performance quality, few could match her spunk. Her lively mambo number made the arena feel more like a house party, and her enthusiasm was infectious. A grin spread across her face when she heard the first notes of her music, and it continued to grow during the program.
"I got on the ice and felt so perfect," Osmond said. "The less I think, the better it is, so I went into every jump saying, `No brain, no brain.' It's working."
She also took some inspiration from the other Canadian skaters, who've been hogging the podium so far. Two-time world champion Patrick Chan won the men's short program in commanding fashion while Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford were second in the pairs short.
"It gave me so much more confidence," Osmond said. "It made me think I want to be a part of that and want to do as well as they did."
CLAIMING HER SPOT: Gracie Gold knows what she wants.
This is the U.S. runner-up's first trip to worlds, and she can't help but be a bit starstruck at sharing a crowded locker room with Olympic champion Kim Yu-na and Mao Asada.
"I watched them in 2008, 2009 and 2010, leading up to the Olympics," the 17-year-old said. "They were kind of idolized, so to be sitting next to them is still a little bit intimidating."
Kim in particular.
"She was my idol," Gold admitted. "I'm kind of waiting to ask for a picture."
She'll have plenty of chances if she continues to skate like she did Thursday.
The short program has been Gold's downfall at several competitions this year -- she finished second at nationals because she'd put herself in such a deep hole -- but that wasn't the case this time. Far from it.
She skated with poise and confidence -- a rarity for someone making her worlds debut -- and the work she's put in even since nationals was evident. Her whole presentation was much improved, and she didn't look as mechanical as she has in the past.
She was penalized for underrotating the second jump in her triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, and got another deduction for using the incorrect edge on the takeoff of her triple flip.
Still, in ninth place, she gives the Americans hope of regaining a third spot for next year's Sochi Olympics. Gold and U.S. champion Ashley Wagner need to finish with a combined placement of 13 or better, and Wagner was fifth.
"I am a little bit relieved," Gold said. "I tried to tell myself this is only my first worlds, but I was a little nervous."
MAO'S DISAPPOINTMENT: The easiest jump gave Mao Asada the most trouble.
The two-time world champion from Japan landed a triple axel Thursday -- judges gave it to her even though replays showed it clearly was two-footed -- only to pop a triple loop into a single at the end of her program. The error left her in sixth place, almost 10 points behind longtime rival Kim Yu-na.
"I am little sad," Asada said through a translator.
The triple axel is the toughest jump being done by female skaters -- with a forward takeoff, it's actually 3½ revolutions -- and it's become Asada's signature. Though it's largely been absent from her programs since she won the silver medal at the Vancouver Olympics, she brought it back at Four Continents last month with fantastic results. Her score of 74.49 points was the highest for a short program since Kim set the world record (78.50) in Vancouver.
"I wanted to skate the short program today like I did at Four Continents," Asada said. "The jumps weren't as good."
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press
This story is from ESPN.com's automated news wire. Wire index


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Jump into the Summer of Making! ›
Here's a simple mod of a flatbed scanner to take photos.
Several years ago, I built my first scanner camera. The idea was simple: I would use an ordinary flatbed scanner with a homemade large-format camera. The camera would focus the image onto the scanner bed in place of photo paper or film. I expected this to be a quick little art project made with a cardboard box, the cheapest flatbed scanner I could find, and lots of duct tape.
A scanner's image sensor captures a scene slowly, line by line. But when I got it all to work, the results were wonderful.
Stationary objects photographed normally, but moving objects appeared twisted and distorted into fascinating shapes. At first I thought there was something wrong with my contraption, but then I realized that the movement of the scan head was meshing with the movement in the recorded scene.
The distortion is similar to the effect created by moving an original on a photocopier mid-copy, but extended into the real world.
Making and using a scanner camera is a lot of fun as a technical exercise, but more importantly to me, it provides an interesting photographic perspective on time and movement.
Here's how to build 2 versions: a simple cardboard-and-duct-tape one that keeps the scanner intact, and a warranty-voider version that's more portable and flexible, and takes sharper pictures.
Cut a piece of black foamcore that fits exactly over your scanner's glass bed, then cut a 7" square hole out of the center. This will be the baseboard for your camera.
Simple scanner camera photographs: Traffic study at Notting Hill Gate, London; Moreen and Rowan, Brighton; traffic study at Queensgate, London.
This project first appeared in MAKE Volume 14, page 78.
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text:
SBIR Phase II: High-Efficiency Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) Membranes
Award Information
Small Business Information
19 Blackstone Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139
Principal Investigator:
Hilton Pryce-Lewis
(617) 661-0060
(617) 661-0060
Business Contact:
Hilton Pryce-Lewis
(617) 661-0060
(617) 661-0060
Research Institution:
AbstractThis Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project addresses the need for improved filtration in the semiconductor industry, where exceptional chemical stability, thermal stability, and purity make poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) the media of choice. GVD has successfully demonstrated unprecedented filtration efficiencies for the retention of 20 nm size particles using PTFE membranes. The asymmetric structure of the GVD membranes avoided > 90% of the increase in energy utilization traditionally associated with improved filtration efficiency. The asymmetry was created using GVD's unique initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) technology. In Phase II, GVD will demonstrate large area production at a competitive cost by designing, building, and operating an iCVD roll-to-roll coater, the first of its kind in the world. The improved economics of roll-to-roll manufacturing will permit entry of a new family of PTFE membranes into a variety of markets where improvements in product quality and efficacy can be enabled by advanced filtration. These membranes can also address the separations needs of emerging industries such as nanotechnology, where unit operations at the nanometer scale still remain a challenge. More broadly, iCVD technology can produce composite membranes which marry the beneficial surface properties of PTFE with the improved mechanical strength and performance of a less costly base membrane. This could result in a family of membranes with multifunctional separations capabilities that do not sacrifice cost for efficacy.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


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Epicurean® 15x11" Slate Cutting Board1af9575
web ID: 7816029
Product Description
The Epicurean Kitchen Series cutting board brings European styling and functionality to your kitchen.
- slate-colored lightweight design complements your kitchen décor
- ¼" thick space-saving design; store in a cabinet or hang with utility hole
- dishwasher safe for quick and easy cleanup
Slate. Measures 15x11". Made in America.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Venus third one we own I purchased this cutting board that matches the other two we have, but in different sizes. This is a sturdy, easily cleaned surface and we love that we own all 3 sizes now! November 5, 2014
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