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Talk:Left Behind (novel)
|This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Left Behind (novel) article.
This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject.
Article policies
|This article is of interest to the following WikiProjects:
- 2 Marked for POV-check
- 3 Video Game Adaptation Section removed
- 4 Delete suggestion
- 5 Potentially laughable Statement
- 6 Thriller genre?
- 7 Plot summary
- 8 Is Chloe in high school or in college?
- 9 Problem
- 10 Requested move
- 11 Move discussion in progress
- 12 Fred Clark/Slacktivist Left Behind exploration
- 13 Dead Links
- 14 External links modified
DELETE THIS POV RELIGIOUS ADVERTISING![edit]
As currently presented this article is pure religious POV advertising and totally unacceptable as a NPOV work. It should be deleted immediately. If the intention is to create a NPOV review then all of the attached and equally obnoxious POV religious advertising on those pages should be removed and all of them combined into one single article.
- Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a review site. That includes giving more or less accurate descriptions of notable book series. Being based on a religious work doesn't make it NPOV. Get over it. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 05:48, 13 December 2006 (UTC).
<response from a casual wiki browser> oh go away and get a life, zealot. There isn't all that much difference between fanatical religous nuts like you (presumably your faith is athiesm) and deluded fools who fly planes into buildings.
<another wiki browser> My concern is that thousands of evangelical Christians are under the assumption that any organization trying to foster world peace is bound to be evil and part of some "devil's plot" against god. I do agree that some people claim they are for peace when they really have ulterior motives (ahem, Bush admin), but the UN is respected worldwide, as are many other international peace and human rights groups. These organizations work against corruption, apathy, ignorance, intolerance and lies to try and make the world a better place for unfortunate, downtrodden people. You don't have to be a Christian (or religious at all) for these acts to be genuine and effective. The author is doing a huge disservice to those that work for human dignity, and should make a public apology to them.
I detest this novel and all that it represents. However, it reads just like any NPOV review. Since I would probably expend much more energy laughing at creationists than I would in reading this drivel, I did appreciate the summary. Now I know a little more about the Christian mythology. And being happy that I don't ascribe to this belief set. As books go, I wouldn't read it. As Wikipedia goes, it's a pretty good article.OrangeMarlin 23:02, 13 December 2006 (UTC)
- Let the article be. It meets Wikipedia criteria for existing and can certainly be improved. CyberAnth 23:55, 13 December 2006 (UTC)
Well, I'm no expert on anything, but my little tidbit of opinion is that if an article on a religious book was written by atheists, it might not be quite as full of an article. It's a little bit like saying that an article on science is biased because it was written by scientists. But like I said, my opinion counts for little or nothing, so you don't need to listen to me. :) Bonjour123
"Science, in the broadest sense, refers to any system of knowledge which attempts to model objective reality. In a more restricted sense, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method, as well as to the organized body of knowledge gained through such research." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science 220.127.116.11 (talk) 17:17, 2 March 2008 (UTC)Nina
There's a problem. This article is NOT religious (if religion in this case is Christianity...I'm a believer.) The THRUTH is that faith has to be put in JESUS for salvation and NOT just God the father. I doubt the film makers realised this. in any case, some articles have to be POV religious to be true. writing this from an atheist's POV is going to make the article an untrue reflection of the book and hence, wikipedia false.......... dklimitless....20 july, 08. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dklimitless (talk • contribs) 12:38, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
I think the review is a model of dispassionate ~ and unusually competently written ~ reviewing. I see no religious bias or noxious "POV" in the article. I think it'st's a damn shame there's an audience for this stuff. Then again, is it good or bad that so many people are taking a few minutes away from their televisions?
David Lloyd-Jones (talk) 07:09, 18 October 2014 (UTC)
Marked for POV-check[edit]
I find the article biased and tagged it for discussion "POV-check".
The main reason for this is the kind of criticism that is mentioned: only Evangelists criticism, not that of other beliefs. For instance, atheists could argue the story triest to frighten people into believing. The plausibility of only the interpretation of the new testament is disputed, nothing more. I agree though we shouldn't mix the bias in the book with a bias in this article. Because religion is always a controversial subject, I'd just like this article to be more sensitive. DWizzy 16:44, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
- All of the criticism is directed at the series as a whole, not at this specific book. The main page for the series already includes criticism from both Christian and non-Christian sources, though it doesn't include most of the information on this page. Perhaps it would be better to merge the two sections there. We could also possibly include a link here to the criticism section there. Inexorability 03:23, 8 February 2007 (UTC)
- Unfortunately, I believe you two are right. The entire article appears to be written from an Evangelical POV. If some non-Evangelical Christian and secular POVs can be liberally inserted (no pun intended) into the article, I think the tag may safely come down. For now, I'm changing the tag to straight-up POV. toll_booth 01:44, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
- It's highly possible ya'll are stupid.
The article is about a book--a work of fiction. If you don't like the book, then don't buy it. And don't confuse the article with the book. As regards the issue of criticism by Evangelical Christians, the book is written by an EC, and its primary audience are ECs. How many non-EC people do think have bought and read it? Naturally, most of the criticism against it is going to come from other EC. And by the way, there is a line about Muslims opposed to the game in the article. --Danaidh 04:53, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
- With all due respect, wikipedia is not an EC site but an impartial source of information. The POV issue has not been resolved, as the article is highly EC-centric. As such, I ask that please nobody remove the POV tag; the sign does not mean that neutrality is definitely out of balance, but possibly out of balance, which several of us contend that it is.
- Thanks for understanding. toll_booth 22:42, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
I think all of you are missing the point of this series of books. I grew up in the christian faith and had a difficult time understanding the book of Revelations. I know this is a book of fiction, however, it gave me an idea of what could happen in the last days. People are so willing to listen and read about other religions, but they have no tolerance for the christian faith. Maybe you should open your Bible and read the book of Revelations and then read this series. Maybe then you will learn something substantial and maybe you will hear the words of Christ and become not one of the people left behind, but one of the people gone during the rapture. I would much rather read this series of books than read about sex, and lies. Everyone has critisize this site for putting this book here, yet there are many other books listed on this site. This series is not meant to be factual, but rather give the audience something to think about and encourage them to read the Bible to find the answers. Have any of you done this? I would encourage you to read the entire series, study the Bible, look at current world events and then make up your mind.--Nursemom1000
- How about reading the Bible before "the entire series"? (Incidently, it's "Revelation" not Revelations.) Christians disagree on the end times, and these books follow a minority interpretation that many believe to be harmful. I may have missed the point of the series but I'd say its authors and fans have missed what the Bible says in many areas. That's by the by, however. Wikipedia is for neutral encyclopaedic articles and therefore I'm with toll_booth (though I don't know of any non-Christians who have criticised the books off-hand. Match 15:48, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
Video Game Adaptation Section removed[edit]
I removed the section about the video game Left Behind: Eternal Forces because the game does not appear to be based on this specific book, but on the series as a whole. Also, the paragraph was extremely biased against the game, showing no semblance of neutrality. The game is already mentioned on the main article for the series, and I moved the info provided here to the article about the video game. Citadel18080 18:41, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
Delete suggestion[edit]
The sentence that claims that the book brought new believers to Christianity is clearly POV and not facutal. There is zero evidence shown to support such a claim. Even if someone were to find some evidence, such as a person specifically saying that they joined a religion because of the book, it would probably be that the person joined the same religion as the writer. Those that are and those that are not considered Christian is a hotly debated topic and clearly sets up a POV problem for the statement. We must consider the fact that a lot of people that self describe themselves as Christians would not be described as such by other Christians or by objective observers. I do not even need to mention the utimate objective observer that really counts do I? There are some Muslims that claim that they can be Muslim and Christian at the same time. There are Hindus that do not accept the dual nature of Jesus but call themselves Christians, and then there are Hindus that do accept it but would never call themselves Chrisitans. There are actually a lot of Hindus that worship Jesus as an avatar of Krishna. Then we have the fact that the writer of this book does not accept Catholics as Christians, clearly showing that he did not look up the word in a Greek-English dictionary. Many Catholics do accept some but not all protestants as Christian but many Catholics, myself included in case you were wondering, specifically do not accept any outside of the Catholic Church as Christian and never will. Eastern Orthodox do not accept protestants as Christians either but they do accept Catholics.
I hope I have made a point with all of this. The sentence needs to go. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 06:38, 27 November 2007 (UTC)
- Way to rant about nothing. Can you site a source saying no one, ever, has converted to Christianity because of these books? Unless you can, you're just as biased as the sentence you accuse of being so. Hypocracy and POV have no place in Wikipedia. 126.96.36.199 (talk) 00:38, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
- Just to note the fallacy, can you cite any source saying no one, ever, has been turned into a dragon because of these books? Heck, I'll allow original research in this case: all you have to do is prove that no one's been turned into a fire-breathing dragon by reading these books.22.214.171.124 (talk) 15:01, 31 July 2009 (UTC)
Potentially laughable Statement[edit]
The author of this entry may have gotten carried away with enthusiasm, to the point of seeming absurdity (at least for those who haven't read the books): millions upon millions world-wide have vanished, the dead and alive,[...]
Pray tell: how could the living left behind ever know that dead people have vanished in their millions - by digging up coffins? I suggest that this particular phrase be deleted. Textor (talk) 03:30, 16 December 2007 (UTC)
- Whether you like the idea or not is irrelevant. The point is, the authors see this as plausible. This is ignoring that fact that it would be pretty obvious that dead people disappeared when the morgues were randomly missing people. Wouldn't take long to realize it. Morte42 (talk) 00:41, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
The reason the author wrote that is because the series, both the children's version and adult, make multiple references to morgues and hospitals. It is conceivable, that, during the time of the Rapture in the book, millions upon millions of people were dead in morgues, funeral homes, and hospitals worldwide. It's common sense to read the books and infer that someone would have reported a lot of missing bodies. You don't have to dig up coffins to know that dead people have disappeared. Eowyngrey (talk) 21:35, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
The first book of the adult series explicitly states that numerous bodies disappeared from coffins on the days of funerals. In some cases the pallbearers for the coffins disappeared, dropping the coffin and breaking it open revealing the body inside was also gone. While its certainly bizarre to imagine, the authors of the book either actually believe or make it an active part of their fictitious story that dead bodies also get raptured. --LuciusPius (talk) 07:17, 18 October 2009 (UTC)
Thriller genre?[edit]
This news report refers to the series as "thriller" novels. Should a thriller-related category be added to the article? Or should this genre be mentioned in the article? And I also want to say this book is great, it tells a lot of useful things. Chimeric Glider (talk) 02:46, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
Plot summary[edit]
Someone ought to write a really plot summary rather than borrow the one from the film version's article. It looks idiotic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.127.116.11 (talk) 22:40, 12 July 2008 (UTC)
Agreed. A new summary is needed. Not only is this a summary for the film, but it is a poorly written one.Chris Goodson (talk) 12:50, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
Is Chloe in high school or in college?[edit]
In one part of the article, she's driving to take a high school exam. Later in the article, she's a student at Stanford. I'm skeptical that the college admission process continues during the chaos of the rapture, so which is it? Is Chloe in high school or college in the book and/or film? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stomv (talk • contribs) 13:44, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
- Hi, I am reading the Series (Note: Spoiler Alert!)Chloe is in intended to be in College. An you are correct she left Stanford not to return after The Rapture happened. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Etineskid (talk • contribs) 04:50, 26 December 2013 (UTC)
The "plot summary" section currently needs a whole lot of work... AnonMoos (talk) 19:25, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
"Others have noted how a literalist interpretation of scripture and visionary experience can have a potentially dangerous impact on behavior, and may act as a factor in unnecessary violence."
This is a bizarre comment. There's nothing remotely literal about the interpretations in these books (they're works of fiction, remember?). A literal interpretation would be that the giant 6-headed beast with swords in its mouth means a giant 6-headed beast with swords in its mouth, that kind of thing. To say that it means the head of the United Nations is a decideded non-literal interpretation.
"Literalism" seems to be a kind of buzzword these days. Any time people disagree with the fundies, they claim they're rejecting literalism, even if the interpretation in question isn't the least bit literal.
I doubt anyone wants to change the passage to read "a non-literalist interpretation of scripture can be dangerous". —Preceding unsigned comment added by BurkeDevlin (talk • contribs) 15:44, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
Requested move[edit]
{{movenotice|Left Behind (novel)|Talk:Left Behind (series)#Requested move}}
Move discussion in progress[edit]
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Left Behind (series) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 17:30, 13 August 2010 (UTC)
Fred Clark/Slacktivist Left Behind exploration[edit]
Journalist Fred Clark has been publishing an ongoing series going through the Left Behind books (and movies) in detail since 2003, http://slacktivist.typepad.com/archives/2011/08/left-behind-at-patheos.html.
It is both comprehensive and popular. There are few resources on the LB novels as detailed and few discussions as revealing and animated. It does comply with WP:EL on the grounds of notability. Garth M (talk) 05:16, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
Dead Links[edit]
Sadly two of the links to Christian views, one Catholic, one Protestant, on this meretricious little pile of pulp are dead links.
http://www.ilcatholic.org/bins/site/wrappers/default.asp?pane_2=cci-pages-Tyndale is a "not here" page, and the one listed above it gives me a "This page cannot be displayed."
David Lloyd-Jones (talk) 07:03, 18 October 2014 (UTC)
External links modified[edit]
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ProFootballTalk: Welker, Patriots on verge of deal?
Vikings announce Phil Loadholt retirement
As expected, Vikings tackle Phil Loadholt has retired. A second-round pick in 2009, the last year the Vikings played in the NFC title game, Loadholt finishes ninth in career starts at the tackle position for the franchise, with 89.
"When you think of the Vikings you think of players like Phil Loadholt," Vikings owner/president Mark Wilf said in a statement. "He carried himself as a professional and gave his all for his teammates. Phil will be a Viking for life. He was a great player and a better person. We wish him and his family all the best."
Loadholt could have added up to 16 more starts last year, but a torn Achilles tendon suffered in the preseason kept him from adding to his list. This year, he was on track to not start at all.
"I first want to thank the Wilf Family for the wonderful opportunity they gave me seven years ago," Loadholt said in a statement. "There's a lot of people to thank — Rick Spielman, Rob Brzezinski, George Paton, Scott Studwell and all the personnel people. My head coaches — Brad Childress, Leslie Frazier and Mike Zimmer. My position coaches — Pat Morris, Jim Hueber, Jeff Davidson and Tony Sparano. The entire Vikings support staff and most important — the Vikings fans and my teammates. This chapter in my life is closing and I look forward to seeing what the next one brings. I'll always love this game and the opportunity to do something I dreamed about since I was seven years old. But, my body is telling me it's time to hang up my cleats."
Loadholt counts for $1.75 million this year, the last installment of the signing bonus on his second contract. When he accepted a pay cut earlier this year, any potential obligation to repay the amount presumably was wiped off the books via a new contract, meaning that he won't have to repay the money.
So that's one area where the decision to take $3.4 million less may have helped him. But for the pay cut, Loadholt may have been required (technically) to return the money.
Raheem Morris learning on the fly as he coaches offense for first time
Raheem Morris had to take a step back to being an assistant after an ill-fated stint as the Buccaneers head coach.
Now with the Falcons, he's had to step to the other side of the ball.
After a year working with the defensive backs (his area of expertise), Falcons coach Dan Quinn moved his assistant head coach to work with the wide receivers after veteran assistant Terry Robiskie left to become the Titans offensive coordinator
"I can bring a different perspective," Morris said, via D. Orlando Ledbetter of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. "I can see the ball. I can see the game. I think it's a great challenge for me."
"It's a chance to view more and grow more. I take it as a great challenge. Everything that I've done thus far has been a challenge, whether if it was going to the NFL back in 2002 as a young coach from a I-AA program [at Hofstra]."
But Morris said before he went along with the switch, he wanted to talk to both offensive coordinator Kyle Shanahan and defensive coordinator Richard Smith about how it would affect the staff, to make sure everyone was comfortable with it. From that point, it was just a matter of changing his own style, and teaching something he's never taught or played before.
"It's like being a math teacher and an English teacher," he said. "You can go out there and get the curriculum and teach what you need to teach. Everybody has their own teaching style.
"I don't think it's a matter of what you coach. I think it's how you coach, the energy you bring, your communication skills, your ability to learn, the ability to use your brain to bring stuff to the table and how you bring it to the table."
The Falcons clearly needed some shaking up after last season, after an early start was squandered when the offense flatlined. But the bigger boost might come for Morris himself.
If nothing else, the shift makes him more marketable in the future, especially at a time when few minority candidates are pushing through for head coaching jobs.
Cromartie: I'm not retiring
Not long after NFL Network reported Monday that a hip injury may keep free agent cornerback Antonio Cromartie from playing an 11th NFL season, Cromartie took to Twitter to say he's healthy and working towards playing this season.
"Look, I'm not [retiring]," Cromartie tweeted, adding that he's been busting his backside this offseason to be able to catch on somewhere and help a team in 2016.
"I have a lot of football left," he wrote.
Cromartie, 32, started 15 games for the Jets last season and all 16 the previous season for the Cardinals. He has 33 interceptions in 158 career games.
Cromartie is one of PFT's top remaining free agents with training camps opening leaguewide over the next several days.
Anthony Davis says he's sent reinstatement letter
Tackle Anthony Davis sent plenty of hints this offseason that he wants to return to the NFL after sitting out last season, but all of those hints didn't add up to much unless he formally asked to be reinstated from the reserve/retired list.
Davis sent word on Twitter on Monday that he's taken that step by sending word of his intention to resume his career to the 49ers and the NFL.
The 49ers control Davis' rights, although one of his previous forays into social media sent the strong suggestion that Davis would prefer to be playing for another team. There were reports that the 49ers were shopping his rights in a trade earlier this offseason, but Davis said General Manager Trent Baalke told him that those reports weren't true.
If they do hold onto Davis, offensive line coach Pat Flaherty said "nothing is going to be handed" to the 2010 first-round pick who started all 71 games he played for the 49ers before walking away last year.
Aldon Smith denies he smoked in front of camera
Suspended Raiders linebacker Aldon Smith took to Twitter Monday to deny that he was smoking in a strange cell phone video that made the Internet and social media rounds over the weekend.
"Good try," Smith wrote on his verified Twitter account Monday. "Not me."
CSNBayArea.com posted a video of someone holding a hand-rolled substance in what the voice on the video called "a fire session." Later, that same voice says something to the effect of, "it's not like people know it's Aldon Smith."
Given his history, Smith is in a spot where he's going to be believed by guilty by many until proven innocent. His tweet indicates he knows he's on shaky ground with the NFL and he's going to deny any wrongdoing.
Eagles want to get Carson Wentz as many reps as possible right now
Eagles coach Doug Pederson said recently that having rookie quarterback Carson Wentz inactive for regular season games is "probably the direction we're heading" with Sam Bradford and Chase Daniel occupying the top two rungs on the depth chart.
The Eagles quarterbacks went through a workout at the team's facility Monday and Pederson said that's still the plan as the team heads toward the formal start of training camp. While the Eagles may have Wentz as their No. 3, Pederson said that the team wouldn't show less urgency about getting him ready to play.
"Right now, we're just going to get Carson as many reps as we can," Pederson said, via Philly.com. "Get him caught up. Get him to where he needs to be. I'm very comfortable and excited with where Sam left OTAs and where he's coming in now. Chase is a solid two. We'll just have to wait and see what happens down the road. … You want [Wentz] to be in a position where if there's an injury or somebody goes down, you plug him in and you don't have any worries."
Pederson said that Wentz needs to improve in "little things" like his drop, footwork and progressions in order to get ready to play in the NFL and suggested that he'll get plenty of chances to do so while playing in the team's first two preseason contests.
Hip injury may keep Antonio Cromartie from playing again
Antonio Cromartie is one of the best free agents available as training camps open, but his days in the NFL may be done.
Concerns about his hip may keep Cromartie from ever playing again, Ian Rapoport of NFL Network reports.
Last year Cromartie started 15 games for the Jets, but this offseason has been relatively quiet for him. Despite a few reports of teams showing interest, he has remained unsigned.
A 2006 first-round pick of the Chargers, Cromartie played four years in San Diego, then four years with the Jets and one year with the Cardinals before returning to the Jets last year.
NFLPA: Peyton Manning isn't in our union, he can do what he wants
Why did Peyton Manning fully cooperate with the NFL's investigation into allegations that he used performance-enhancing substances, when the other four players named in an Al Jazeera documentary are refusing to talk to the NFL? Because Manning is no longer in the players' union.
The NFL Players Association released a statement this morning noting that Manning is no longer a member of the union and therefore isn't part of the union's effort to fight the NFL over this investigation.
"As a former player, Peyton Manning is free to do whatever he believes is in his best interest. The Union knows that he understands the rights of players under the Collective Bargaining Agreement and would never do anything to hurt or undermine active players in support of those rights," the NFLPA's statement said.
Left unsaid in that statement is whether the union would have preferred that Manning refuse to cooperate with the NFL's investigation, in solidarity with the union that represented him until he retired this offseason.
The NFLPA is still fighting on behalf of Packers linebackers Clay Matthews and Julius Peppers, Steelers linebacker James Harrison and free agent defensive end Mike Neal, all of whom were named in the same Al Jazeera documentary as Manning, although the specific allegations against those four players were different than the allegations against Manning. The league and the union may be headed for another protracted battle over those four players, even as the league has already cleared Manning.
Money is surely a factor in "early retirements"
Last year's surprising decision by 49ers linebacker Chris Borland to retire after only one year (and to pay back a significant chunk of his signing bonus) sparked a new narrative for the NFL: The early retirement.
Since then, plenty of media members who would like to see football diminish or disappear along with some media member who presumably have a vested interest in its continued existence has crammed plenty of square-pegs into the round hole of "early retirement," harping on the notion that the player chose health and safety over fame and fortune. Lost in this narrative (probably because it undermines the narrative) is the reality that, for plenty of players who are choosing to leave football before football leaves them, they'd still be playing if they were getting more money.
The latest example of this dynamic comes from Vikings tackle Phil Loadholt, who is opting for retirement over $2 million for another season in Minnesota. If he hadn't been squeezed to drop his pay from $5.4 million, would Loadholt be walking away? My guess is that he wouldn't be.
So, basically, Loadholt agreed to a pay cut and then decided that he wouldn't be agreeing to a pay cut.
For other players who have opted for "early retirement," would an enhanced financial offer have changed their minds? If someone were offering tackle Eugene Monroe $10 million per year, would he still be playing? Monroe didn't retire until after the Ravens cut him, and then he had a chance to explore the market.
With former Jets left tackle D'Brickashaw Ferguson, the answer is more clear. If the team hadn't tried to reduce his salary for 2016, he would never have walked away.
Which brings me to the biggest name from the 2016 "early retirement" pool. Receiver Calvin Johnson. In a recent interview with ESPN, Johnson suggested that, if the Lions were contenders, he possibly would have kept playing.
He also possibly would have kept playing if the Lions weren't intent on reducing his cap number of $24 million and his salary of $16 million, amounts that clearly overshoot what his value would have been to the team in 2016.
That's not to say that every player who retires early definitely would choose to stay if the pot were a little sweeter. However, for many guys who opt to walk before they're chased off, "early retirement" wouldn't happen quite so early if more money were on the table.
Dave Caldwell confirms no imminent plans to sign Greg Hardy
After the Jaguars worked out defensive end Greg Hardy last week, the word was that the team wasn't going to make an immediate move to add him to the roster.
General Manager Dave Caldwell confirmed that on Monday. Caldwell, head coach Gus Bradley and defensive coordinator Todd Wash met with Hardy and watched him work out in what Caldwell described as a chance to find out more about where Hardy is at the moment.
"It was an opportunity for us," Caldwell said, via the Florida Times-Union. "Here was a guy who was a franchise defensive end that was on the street and we tried to find out the facts of where he's at, the truth behind him and everything that surrounds him and just do our homework. It's not often you get to work out a player of that caliber. We have no imminent plans of signing him at this point. But it was good to get him in and find out about him."
Caldwell said that the look at Hardy wasn't done because the team is concerned about what young defensive ends Dante Fowler and Yannick Ngakoue can do this year, although the increased desire to win now in Jacksonville may clash with a desire to see how things develop for two players with no regular season experience. If it does, Hardy's name could come up again in Jacksonville.
Report: Jets have given Ryan Fitzpatrick "multiple offers" to pick from
Ryan Fitzpatrick spent the weekend golfing and that will likely continue to be part of his athletic schedule as long as he and the Jets remain unable to agree on a contract for the 2016 season.
The chances that the status quo remains in place likely hinges on Fitzpatrick's response to the latest communication from the team. Manish Mehta of the New York Daily News reports that the Jets have made "multiple offers" in hopes of Fitzpatrick liking one of them enough to return to the team.
There are no details outlining how these offers differ from the three-year, $24 million offer that would pay Fitzpatrick $12 million for the 2016 season and has been in play for a while. Whatever those details may be, the most significant one at the moment is that Fitzpatrick hasn't liked any of the offers enough to actually go ahead and sign with the Jets, which leaves them set to open camp with Geno Smith, Bryce Petty and Christian Hackenberg on the depth chart at quarterback.
The Jets haven't gone public with any deadline to get Fitzpatrick back in the fold before they'll move on for good, so more offers and options may still be put on the table. If those offers aren't fundamentally different from what's already come down the pike, though, there won't be much reason to expect a different reaction from the quarterback.
NFL exonerates Peyton Manning
When Al Jazeera linked multiple NFL players to PED use last December, the report resonated nationally for one of them. And that player has become the first one to be cleared.
"Following a comprehensive seven-month investigation into allegations made in a documentary by Al-Jazeera America, the NFL found no credible evidence that Peyton Manning was provided with or used HGH or other substances prohibited by the league's policy on performance-enhancing substances, it was announced today," the league said in a statement.
"The Mannings were fully cooperative with the investigation and provided both interviews and access to all records sought by the investigators. Initiated in January, the investigation was led by the NFL's security and legal teams with support from expert consultants and other professionals. The investigation involved witness interviews, a review of relevant records and other materials, online research, and laboratory analysis and review. Separately, the NFL's investigation continues into the documentary's allegations made against other NFL players, which involve different lines of inquiry and witnesses."
The league didn't disclose exactly what happened during the "seven-month" investigation. Manning, who loudly denied HGH use in multiple interviews given after the story first emerged, undoubtedly denied it loudly during his interview with the NFL.
The only way for the NFL to know definitively whether Manning did or didn't use HGH would be to receive full and complete records from the Guyer Institute in Indianapolis regarding treatment received by and medication provided to Manning and his wife, Ashley, during the relevant time period. The statement from the NFL doesn't specifically identify those records, explaining only that the Mannings "provided access to all records sought by the investigators." If, in theory, the investigators didn't seek the right documents, the investigators wouldn't have gotten the right information.
The report comes at a time when the NFL continues to insist that the other players implicated in the report — Packers linebackers Clay Matthews and Julius Peppers, Steelers linebacker James Harrison, and free-agent defensive lineman Mike Neal — must submit to interviews even though the only publicly known evidence of HGH use comes from the Al Jazeera report. It will be hard for some (specifically Patriots fans) to reconcile the league's ongoing investigation of these four players if the NFL already has concluded that the since-retracted claims of Charles Sly, a former Guyer Institute employee who was recorded without his knowledge, are not credible as to Manning.
If they're not credible as to Manning, how can they be credible as to anyone else?
Stephon Gilmore won't hold out of camp
When Bills cornerback Stephon Gilmore was asked in June about whether he planned to report for the start of the team's training camp, he didn't commit to arriving on time.
Gilmore is heading into the final year of his deal and didn't take part in the voluntary portion of the team' offseason work. Gilmore did show up for mandatory minicamp, avoiding a fine that he says he'll also be avoiding when the Bills report to camp on Friday.
"I'm planning to go out to training camp," Gilmore said to Josina Anderson of ESPN. "I know what I am. [A new contract will] happen eventually."
The Bills have thus far resisted the chance to bump Gilmore's salary into the top tier for cornerbacks and Ian Rapoport of NFL Media reported last week that the cornerback will likely play out this year at his $11.082 million salary. From there, the Bills could use the franchise tag in the event a longer extension remains out of reach.
Greg Jennings announces his retirement
Veteran receiver Greg Jennings has announced his retirement.
"Football is over. I'm done," Jennings said in a video on YouTube. "At least within the lines of a football field, I'm done. I'm excited to be done. The past 20 years of my life has been football, but today that all changes. This smile is not going to be removed, it's going to be enhanced. The same dedication, the same work ethic that I put into pursuing that sport, I'm pursuing everything else with the same mindset."
The 32-year-old Jennings believes he's still capable of contributing to some NFL team, but he thinks it's time to try something else with his life.
"Physically I know I can still do it, I can still play, I've been training hard," he said. "But I feel as though I would be going back to football, versus moving forward."
Jennings played for the Packers from 2006 to 2012, for the Vikings in 2013 and 2014 and for the Dolphins in 2015. Last year he played in all 16 games but had career lows in catches (19), yards (208) and touchdowns (one).
Report: Seahawks to meet with Michael Bennett's agent this week
Defensive end Michael Bennett has not been shy about expressing his desire for a new contract from the Seahawks, including his recent comment that "if you don't think I'm valuable, then just get rid of me."
The Seahawks haven't come up with more money for Bennett to this point, but conversations on the topic are reportedly set for this week. Josina Anderson of ESPN reports that the Seahawks will meet with Bennett's agent Doug Hendrickson "early this week."
Bennett signed a four-year, $32 million contract with Seattle in 2014, so there are two years left on his current pact and that is usually not a moment when the Seahawks pony up more money. Coach Pete Carroll did say that "we'd like to reward everybody" when talking about Bennett this year, although Carroll followed up by saying they "can't always do that." The willingness to consider it could bear some fruit when the two sides have a conversation.
Bennett said earlier this offseason that "of course" he'll be at training camp, but there's certainly time for that to change if Bennett and Hendrickson don't like what they hear from the team. It would cost Bennett $40,000 a day in fines to go that route, however, and that cost is a high one to pay without any guarantee of a new deal coming his way.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
List Price: $19.95Copyright Year: 2008Publisher: Quarto Publishing Group UKPublication Date: 11/25/2008Binding: Book, Other Pages: 144Size: 7.75" wide x 8.75" long x 0.75" tall Weight: 1.430Language: English
There's an enduring charm to the shabby-chic, Bohemian and ultra relaxed look we now know as Vintage. It's the perfect choice for anyone tired of modern white interiors, ideal for family living, as extra scuffs won't ruin the look, and easy to live with, as there is minimal maintenance. Yet opting for Vintage is also a way of life: once you've started scouring for finds, it will become a pleasurable habit hard to break. Best of all, going vintage has become an eco choice: the more we salvage, the better we feel. Choosing vintage is the perfect antidote to our throwaway world. After years in the wasteland of pared down architecture and identikit shopping, aren't we all ready to embrace a new style? For anyone considering going Vintage, THE VINTAGE HOME will show them how to shop cleverly, mix creatively, and put together unique, welcoming and eclectic interiors that are perfect for modern living. Judith Wilson has been an interiors writer and stylist for 20 years, including a six-year stint as Decorating Editor for Homes & Gardens magazine. She is the author of 10 books about home design including Transforming the Interior (Conran Octopus), and Private Places (Jacqui Small, 9781903221341). She lectures on styling at London's KLC School of Design, and is currently renovating her 1920s family house using natural design principles.
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Female customer holding shopping bags and mobile phone
Credit: Siri Stafford
Creative #: 200451634-001
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Collection: DigitalVision
Release info: Model and property released
- 35-39 Years,
- Adults Only,
- Brown,
- Brown Hair,
- Carrying,
- Close-Up,
- Clothes Rail,
- Clothes Shop,
- Clothing,
- Colour Image,
- Communication,
- Curly,
- Day,
- Dress,
- Focus On Foreground,
- Headshot,
- Indoors,
- Latin American and Hispanic,
- Looking Away,
- Mobile Phone,
- One Mid Adult Woman Only,
- One Person,
- One Woman Only,
- Part of a Series,
- Photography,
- Retail,
- Shopping,
- Shopping Bag,
- Short Hair,
- Short Sleeved,
- Side View,
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Female Customer Holding Shopping Bags And Mobile Phone Stock Photo35-39 Years,Adults Only,Brown,Brown Hair,Carrying,Close-Up,Clothes Rail,Clothes Shop,Clothing,Colour Image,Communication,Curly,Day,Dress,Focus On Foreground,Headshot,Indoors,Latin American and Hispanic,Looking Away,Mobile Phone,One Mid Adult Woman Only,One Person,One Woman Only,Part of a Series,Photography,Retail,Shopping,Shopping Bag,Short Hair,Short Sleeved,Side View,Standing,Text Messaging,Toothy Smile,Using Phone,Vertical,Wireless TechnologyPhotographer Siri StaffordCollection: DigitalVision


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 15, 2003
|Filing date
|Apr 13, 2001
|Priority date
|Jul 9, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ernst Peter Strecker
|Original Assignee
|Ernst Peter Strecker
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (27), Referenced by (18), Classifications (4), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of U.S. Application Ser. No. 08/942,656, filed Oct. 2, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,100 which is a continuation of U.S. Application Ser. No. 08/500,447, filed Jul. 10, 1995 now abandoned which claims priority to German Application No. P 44 24 242.5, filed Jul. 9, 1994. The entire teachings of the above application are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to an endoprosthesis percutaneously implantable by means of a catheter in the body of a patient, particularly in tubular vessels or organs, said endoprosthesis being designed in the form of an oblong, hollow body and, upon placement in the correct position during implantation, being changeable from a small lumen during insertion into a larger lumen conforming to its functional position.
Prostheses capable of being inserted percutaneously and changeable in their lumen are known. They serve the purpose of opening or widening vascular lumina either by mechanical expansion by means of known balloon catheters from a small to a larger lumen, or such a prosthesis expands by itself after prior compression by spring force prior to the implantation, due to the initial stress produced in the spring during the compression.
EP 0,292,587 describes an endoprosthesis that is received on a balloon catheter and expandable by dilation, as well as detachable from the catheter and placed in a vessel. This prosthesis is a "stent" manufactured by knitting or crocheting from metal or plastic thread material into the form of a hose-like hollow body, in connection with which the individual stitches consist of loosely meshing loops. During expansion, widening, due to dilation of the balloon of the catheter, the meshing loops undergo plastic deformation, and the expanded prosthesis thus remains in its expanded position.
Self-expanding stents have been described in the prior art, for example in EP-A-0,183,372, U.S. Pat. No. 4,732,152 and DE-OS 4,137,857. Prior to their implantatio n, these prostheses are compressed against inherent spring return forces to a reduced cross section, inserted into the body in the compressed state, and, upon placement in the correct position, expand again in the respective vessel or hollow body of the patient's body due to cancellation of the force of retention, and are fixed thereby.
The endoprosthesis described in EP-A-0,183,372 is one which, for the purpose of implantation, is compressed to a reduced cross section and then pushed in the compressed state by means of a pusher through a catheter previously inserted in the vessel, until it is positioned in the right position in the vessel. Such advancing of the prosthesis through the catheter requires a considerable expenditure of force because the displacement is counteracted by high frictional forces.
A woven and elastically designed endoprosthesis has been described earlier in U.S. Pat. No. 4,732,152, which, in the compressed state, is kept together by a double cover, which is closed at the distal end. This cover is pulled back from the folded prosthesis in the same way as a stocking is pulled from the foot of a wearer. For the purpose of avoiding the friction occurring in this process, liquid may be filled in between the two leaves of the cover. However, this system, which seems to be initially suitable due to the reduction of the frictional resistances, is very complicated with respect to handling.
DE-OS 4,137,857 describes a hollow body. This prosthesis is compressed against the action of resetting spring forces to a cross section that is reduced versus the widened functional position, and kept in this position by means of a mountable covering. After the covering has been mounted, the prosthesis automatically widens to a cross section conforming to the functional position. The covering, which may be a meshwork approximately in the form of a round crocheting, extends over the entire length of the prosthesis and consists of at least one through-extending filament and one pull-up line. The prosthesis, which is kept in a radially compressed position by the covering, can be advanced, for example on a guide wire, or also rigidly received axially on the end of a probe or catheter.
Finally, an endoprosthesis is known, for which no documentation is available in the form of a published reference made from a memory alloy. This endoprosthesis is an oblong hollow body with a jacket that is broken many times and embodied in the way of a stretched metal.
This endoprosthesis automatically widens from a smaller insertion lumen to a larger lumen. However, this endoprosthesis has little flexibility and in any case potentially has the hazard of fatigue fractures when implanted via a joint. Not all of the struts forming the jacket are connected with each other in the corner points, and, in the implanted state, such struts may thus detach themselves from the vascular wall and protrude into such a wall.
Contrary to the above mentioned prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an endoprosthesis which, as compared to the stents known according to the state of the prior art, is more flexible and has superior strength and stability in the expanded state.
This object is achieved in accordance with the present invention in that the endoprosthesis is a hose-like netting produced from at least one elastic filament, such netting having the structure of a wire screen fence with mesh forming polygons, in which the filaments each grip around each other in their corner points in the direction of the meshes following one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis.
An endoprosthesis of the invention, which may be self-expanding by means of a balloon catheter, is adaptable to the requirements in any given application in a simple way, and represents a flexible structure that is implantable without problems also in joint regions and then capable of following the movements of the joint of the patient without impediment. In particular, it is has been found that as compared to the prior art, such an endoprosthesis has an enhanced ratio between a small and a large radius in the widened position. This means that the insertion catheter to be inserted during implantation can be kept smaller than possible in connection with known prostheses.
It has been found that it is especially preferable if the hose-like netting forming the endoprosthesis comprises at least one through-extending filament, which is braided into a round shape, forming meshes. Alternatively, the endoprosthesis can be produced from an initially flat netting that is then rolled into a hose shape, whereby two longitudinal edges of the netting are then joined with each other by means of a longitudinal seam.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, provision is made at the filaments loosely grip around each other, in each of the meshes adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. In this manner, the prosthesis can be shortened from its maximum length so that the filaments will be abutting each other in the corner points of the meshes, by pushing the meshes together.
With such an embodiment, the endoprosthesis is one that can be changed in its length within predetermined limits, whereby in the case of maximum axial expanse, the filaments gripping around each other abut one another in the corner points of the meshes. On the other hand, in the case of a shortening, these filaments grip around each other with more or less axial play. The special advantage of such an embodiment of the prosthesis is that whenever the length is adjusted to a length smaller than the maximum length, no shortening occurs during widening because the material required for widening in the radial direction has not been made available by shortening the length, but is available through the filaments of the individual meshes which do not abut one another axially.
Furthermore, it has been found that it is desirable if the filaments are provided in the corner points of the meshes with interlocks engaging one another in an interlocking way. Such interlocks provide the prosthesis with a particularly pronounced strength in its widened condition.
The aforementioned interlocks may be depressions formed by compressing the filaments intersecting each other in the stretched condition of the prosthesis in the corner points to approximately the thickness of one filament. These depressions engaging each other in the stretched condition of the prosthesis in an interlocking way in their locking positions, thereby provide a form-closed lock in each corner point.
Instead of having the filaments loosely gripping around one another in the corner points of the meshes forming polygons, it is possible also to provide an embodiment in which, in the corner points of the meshes following each other in the direction of the longitudinal expanse of the prosthesis, the filament of each mesh is looped around the filament of the other mesh, forming an eye. Naturally, reducing the length of an endoprosthesis so formed by axial compression is limited, as compared to the embodiment with filaments that loosely grip around each other in the corner points.
According to another embodiment, provision is made that the filaments crossing each other in the corner points of the meshes are connected with each other, which means that the points of intersection are stabilized in this way. This naturally leads to a comparatively high stiffness of such an endoprosthesis. Stabilization can be realized in many different ways, for example by gluing, fusing or soldering of the filaments at the points of intersection. Also, at the points of intersection, the filaments can be enclosed by clips or joined with each other by clamping such filaments together.
An additional embodiment for achieving the object of the invention is one in which the endoprosthesis is a hose-like netting produced from elastic filaments, such netting having the structure of a mesh wire fence with meshes forming polygons, and that the meshes each have connection zones with two filaments twisted around each other, such zones of connection extending in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis.
An endoprosthesis with the above features is characterized by a particularly pronounced strength and stability in the expanded widened state without impairing the flexibility of the hoselike netting.
In such an endoprosthesis, the connection zones comprising two filaments twisted around each other extend in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. According to a further embodiment, the connection zones can also extend along imaginary screw thread-like lines of an also imaginary cylinder jacket extending from the prosthesis, forming a helix structure. In this connection, the arrangement also may be selected in such a way that the helix structure is broken by changing the direction of successive meshes in a way such that with part of the meshes, the connection zones extending between such meshes extend at an angle relative to the zones of connection between other meshes, which leads to a structure as found in connection with "fish scales".
With such an endoprosthesis, meshes adjacent each other in the circumferential direction each can be formed by two filaments, and meshes following each other in the axial direction as well as meshes joined with each other in each case via a connection zone can be formed by the same two filaments. Alternatively, meshes disposed adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction each can be formed by two filaments, and the meshes disposed adjacent to each other axially and in the circumferential direction each can be formed by one of these filaments and another filament. Thus, the filaments participate in the axial direction and progressively from one mesh to the next in the formation of meshes disposed adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, extending one after the other around the stent in the way of stairsteps. Such a formation of the stent has been found to be easily producible and to be advantageous with respect to its strength and stability in the widened state.
Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that in the corner points of the meshes disposed radially adjacent to each other, the filaments each are twisted around against each other with a winding in a way such that under axial tensile forces, the locks formed by the twistings become disengaged, and the prosthesis, when losing its radial bearing strength, undergoes a lengthwise expansion as well as a change in cross section, leading to a small lumen.
An endoprosthesis so formed can be advanced with a small cross section and corresponding longitudinal expanses without problems, for example in a blood vessel, by means of a suitable catheter, and subsequently brought into its functional position by radial widening associated with predetermined shortening.
Furthermore, with such an embodiment, the filaments can be provided with depressions engaging each other form-locked in the expanded state, by pressing them together in the zones of connection, such zones being twisted against each other, which, the widened state, results in superior locking and thus in greater radial bearing strength and stability.
According to another embodiment, provision is made that one filament extends in each case without twisting in the connection zones in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis, and that the other filament is wound around this filament in the form of a spiral. Such an embodiment permits a limited sliding of the one filament along the straight-lined section of the other filament, and, in view of the spiral-like windings, also permits a compression and stretching of the one filament. This permits a superior adaptation of an endoprosthesis so formed within curved areas.
Another further embodiment includes a lock with at least one retaining bar, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis and is solidly anchored in the netting with its one end, as well as provided on the other end with a hook for engaging a mesh. During radial widening of an endoprosthesis fitted with such a lock, the end of the retaining bar fitted with the hook slides across the meshes as the prosthesis is radially widened and the netting is shortened at the same time. The hook grips behind the filaments of the mesh, with the result that following the widening, the hose-like netting is prevented from radial compression in that any increase in length caused by a radial reduction is no longer possible.
Desirably, the retaining bar can extend along the hose-like netting on the outer side and, in the implanted state, thus can be received between a vascular wall and the hose-like netting. It is assured in this way that no impairment of the lumen will occur under any circumstances. However, the retaining bar may also extend through the meshwork of the netting in the way of a warp thread, which keeps the lumen free as well.
According to another preferred embodiment of the second variation of the invention, provision is made that the meshes comprise through-extending first filaments and second filaments connecting the first ones with each other. The second filaments are each wound around the first filaments by one mesh length and project at the end of the respective mesh to an adjacent first filament, and are wound again around the adjacent first filament again across one mesh length, and again project to another first filament at the end of the respective mesh. Thus, this type of mesh formation continues and the second filaments, upon winding around a first filament, each extend around an imaginary cylinder jacket of the endoprosthesis in a progressively, stair-step manner.
With a further development of the two embodiment variations explained above, it is desirable to provide for limiting the length of the stent, the hose-like netting is fitted with warps extending in the longitudinal direction of the stent, which warps may be connected with the filaments forming the meshes at least within the zone of the ends of the prosthesis. These warp threads may include textile filaments and may be arranged closely adjacent to each other in a way such that they form a jacket enclosing the stent.
According to a further embodiment of the last-mentioned feature, the warp threads may include biodegradable material and/or may be designed as medication depots, releasing medications in the course of their degradation. An example of such a biodegradable material is vegetable fiber or animal fiber. Other examples include polymers or their compounds poly-D, L-lactide; poly-D, L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate; or proteins.
According to yet another further embodiment, provision is made that the warp threads include extensible material such as textured textile threads. However, the warp threads may also include nonelastic material having a high density and proton number, which has been found to be particularly advantageous in connection with implantations under X-ray control because such a material absorbs X-rays to a high degree and is, therefore, highly visible in the X-ray image. Examples of such materials include titanium wire or stainless steel wire.
The filaments, whether first or second, can be made from biocompatable materials, such as polyamide fibers like nylon fibers or polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene fibers or polypropylene fibers. These fibers have a diameter which ranges between 0.01 mm and 1.0 mm.
Desirably, with the two embodiment variations discussed above, the ends of the filaments are bent off and joined with the netting at the face ends of the hose-like netting as well, in order to effectively avoid injury in the course of implantation, or in the implantation site. For example, the bentoff ends of the filaments may be braided in, glued, soldered or fused at the face ends of the hose-like netting, or also may be shaped as eyes.
According to another embodiment of these two variations, which is important as well, provision is made that the filaments forming the meshes of the hose-like netting are rounded off or flattened on the side facing the lumen, in order to obtain favorable properties of flow on the inside wall of a vessel receiving such an endoprosthesis. The term "lumen" refers to a blood vessel.
Finally, it has been found to be desirable if in connection with these two embodiment variations, the filaments forming the netting are comprised by a super-elastic material, or a memory material, for example such as nitinol.
Within the framework of the present invention, both embodiment variations can be realized in the form of balloon-expandable or also self-expanding endorposthesis.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings which disclose several embodiments of the present invention. Is should be understood, however, that the drawings are designed for the purpose of illustration only and not as a definition of the limits of the invention.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
In the drawings, wherein similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views:
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an endoprosthesis in the form of a hose-like netting having the structure of a wire mesh fence;
FIG. 2 shows an end view of the endoprosthesis viewed in the direction of arrow II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a cutout-like unwinding of the prosthesis jacket illustrating the structure of the netting comprising filaments forming polygons, such filaments not being joined at the respective points of intersection;
FIG. 4 shows the netting as seen in FIG. 3; however, with the prosthesis being in an axially compressed state;
FIG. 5 shows an intersection zone of the filaments, and these filaments being provided with locks engaging each other in an interlocking way, with maximum expansion lengthwise;
FIG. 6 shows a section view through an intersection zone, with this section taken along section line VI—VI in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 shows, in a view similar to FIG. 3, a second embodiment for the structure of the prosthesis, with a netting where, in the corner points of the meshes following each other in the direction of the longitudinal expanse of the prosthesis, the filament of each mesh is looped around the filament of the other mesh, forming an eye;
FIG. 8 shows in a view similar to FIG. 7 another embodiment of the netting;
FIG. 9 shows, in an enlarged cutout view from FIG. 8, the formation of meshes each comprising two filaments, such meshes following each other in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis;
FIG. 10 shows, in a view similar to FIG. 9, a mesh formation in which the filaments are braided one after the other around the endoprosthesis and participate in the formation of meshes, the meshes being disposed adjacent to each other in the longitudinal and circumferential directions;
FIG. 11 shows, as an alternative to FIG. 10, an enlarged view of a cutout from a connection zone, in which the one filament extends in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis, and the other filament is wound around said filament;
FIG. 12 shows, in a view similar to FIG. 8, a cutout of the netting of an unexpanded endoprosthesis, with a retaining bar extending in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis;
FIG. 13 shows the netting according to FIG. 12 in the expanded condition, in which it is locked in the widened state by means of the retaining bar;
FIG. 14 shows, in a view similar to FIG. 8, a prosthesis structure with a mesh wire fence-like netting, in which the sections of connection between adjacent meshes extend, on the one hand, around an imaginary cylinder jacket in the form of a screw thread, extending inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis, and change the direction, on the other hand, so that a fish scale-like structure is formed;
FIG. 15 shows a prosthesis structure with rectangular meshes; and
FIG. 16 shows in the cutout according to XVI from FIG. 15 which is an enlarged corner point between adjacent meshes.
A description of preferred embodiments of the invention follows.
Turning now in detail to the drawings, the endoprosthesis 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 is comprised of a hose-like netting 11 with the meshes 12 forming polygons. These meshes are formed by the filaments 13, 14, which grip around each other at the corner points 15 without any fixed connection; and these filaments are the ones of the meshes disposed adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. Especially, FIGS. 3 and 4 where the endoprosthesis is shown unwound illustrate the wire mesh fence-like structure of the netting 11, whereby the arrow 16 indicates the bearing direction, the latter extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis. FIG. 3 shows the mesh pattern, with filaments adjacent each other at each of the corner points 15 with maximum lengthwise expansion of the prosthesis 10. FIG. 4 shows the mesh pattern of an axially compressed prosthesis, in which the filaments 13, 14 grip around each other at the corner points with much play. The term "mesh" or "meshes" refers to the actual cord or wire network, and not the spaces therebetween.
The prosthesis 10 according to the invention may be either self-widening or balloon-expandable, whereby no axial reduction during widening occurs at all if the prosthesis is made shorter in the unexpanded condition versus its maximum lengthwise expansion, and approximately has a mesh pattern according to FIG. 4. If the filaments 13, 14 grip around each other at the corner intersection points 15 without play with maximum expansion of the prosthesis lengthwise, in the manner as shown in FIG. 3, then the radial widening naturally leads to a reduction in length. On the other hand, if such a prosthesis is axially compressed prior to its expansion widening in accordance with the mesh pattern according to FIG. 4, then no reduction at all in length occurs during widening, which means that exact positioning is assured at the site of the implantation.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show that the filaments 13, 14 grip around each other at the corner points of the polygon forming meshes 12 forming polygons, where these corner points are adjacent with respect to the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. The corner points are adjacent to each other. This construction for the endoprosthesis is the precondition for its radial bearing strength, which is indicated by the arrow 16 between the FIGS. 3 and 4. Arrow 16 is directed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis.
An enhancement of the radial bearing strength of the prosthesis of the invention is achievable if the filaments forming the meshes are provided at the points of intersection with locks engaging each other in an interlocking manner. FIGS. 5 and 6 show that with maximum longitudinal expansion of the length of the prosthesis, the filaments 13, 14 intersecting each other at the corner points 15 of the polygons are compressed crosswise relative to the longitudinal expanse of the prosthesis in such a way that each filament is received in an interlocking way in a depression 17, 18 of the other filament. Thus, both filaments are jointly reduced to the thickness of about one filament and hooked into each other as a result of the interlocking engagement, thereby providing an enhancement of the radial bearing strength of the endoprosthesis.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, the netting II′ forming the endoprosthesis differs from the netting 11 according to FIG. 3 only in that in the points of intersection 15′ of the filaments 13′, 14′, only one of the filaments is looped around the other filament, forming an eye 19. The radial bearing strength is increased by this embodiment as well; however, as opposed to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, no shortening is possible by axial compression.
The jacket of an endoprosthesis as shown in unwound manner in FIG. 8 in a cutout view relates to a netting 21 in which the meshes 22 are designed as hexagons and separated from each other, both by filaments 23, 24 and by connection zones 25 where said filaments extend in an oblique angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis and said connection zones extend parallel to said longitudinal axis. In each of said connection zones, two filaments 23, 24 are twisted with each other. Such twistings form locks engaging each other in an interlocking way, which locks, in the radially expanded state, provide an endoprosthesis formed by said netting 21 with its strength and stability in the widened condition.
The twistings of the filaments 23, 24 participating in the formation of the meshes are shaped in the connection zones 25 in such a way that they engage one another when the prosthesis is in the widened condition, thereby securing the prosthesis in its widened position, but disengage from each other when axial tensile forces are applied to the prosthesis, thereby permitting a reduction of the cross section of the prosthesis to a comparatively small lumen.
Accordingly, this prosthesis is an endoprosthesis expandable by means of a balloon catheter. The endoprosthesis is received on the balloon section of the cather with suitable expanse lengthwise, and with radial widening upon implantation, for example in a blood vessel, undergoing a corresponding axial shortening until the twistings looping around one another lock in an interlocking manner.
In connection with the netting 21 illustrated in an enlarged cutout view in FIG. 9, the meshes following each other in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis each are formed by the same two filaments 23, 24. Accordingly, the two filaments extend from their connection zones 25, 25′. (FIGS. 11 and 12) respectively, with an angle of about 60� outwardly to the connection zones between the circumferentially adjacent meshes 22, and from these connection zones back again to a connection zone with the mesh following in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. This is shown in FIG. 9 by the filament 24, represented by the fully drawn lines, on the one hand, and by the filament 23 represented by the dashed lines, on the other hand. The connection zone 25 with the twistings 27 forming the locks in the expanded state is shown as well.
With the embodiment according to FIG. 10, on the other hand, the filaments 23′, 24′ in each case form the meshes 22 not following one another in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis, but the filaments participate progressively from one mesh to the next in the formation of the meshes 22′, the latter being disposed adjacent to each other in a direction that extends helically along the length of the prosthesis. Accordingly, the individual filaments are progressively braided around the hose-like netting from one mesh to the next in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. These patterns and the connection zones 27′ provided with the twistings forming locks are shown by the filaments represented by fully drawn lines, on the one hand, and dashed lines on the other hand as well.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 11, the filament 23″ extends in the connection zone 25′ in a straight line, and the filament 24″ is spirally wound around the filament 23″. In this way, the filament 24″ is capable of sliding to a limited extent on the straight-lined section of the filament 23″ and also of undergoing a compression or stretching within predetermined limits. This endoprosthesis consequently is characterized by excellent flexibility and, furthermore, imparts superior adaptation in regions of flexion.
FIGS. 12 and 13 show a netting as illustrated in FIG. 8, with FIG. 12 showing the unexpanded state, whereas FIG. 13 illustrates the widened condition. However, as opposed to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, in the embodiment according to FIGS. 12 and 13, provision is made for special locking means in the form of at least one retaining bar 30 extending in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis, such bar being rigidly connected at its one end and at 31 with the meshwork forming the netting, whereas the other end of the retaining bar has a hook 32. This retaining bar may extend on the outside along the netting forming the endoprosthesis, or through the meshwork in the way of a warp thread.
When radial expansion occurs from the condition with a small lumen as illustrated in FIG. 12, the hook 32 slides across the meshes due to the reduction in length correspondingly occurring with such expansion, and, in the way as shown in FIG. 13, grips behind the filaments of the mesh, which, following widening, effectively prevents the length from increasing again, and thus any reduction in cross section.
With the endoprosthesis according to FIG. 8, the connection zones 25 are each comprised by two filaments 23, 24, which are twisted with each other and extend in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. However, in the embodiment according to FIG. 14, the connection zones 35, 35′, the latter being twisted with each other, are partly arranged obliquely relative to a longitudinal axis of the prosthesis, and accordingly extend like a screw thread around an imaginary cylinder jacket of the prosthesis and partly the connection zones 35, 35′ are aligned with an angle relative to the first-mentioned connection zones. Due to such change in direction of the connection zones, the helix structure is changed.
FIG. 14 shows the filaments 33 by the fully drawn lines, whereas the other filaments 34 are shown by the dashed lines. The course followed by the filaments 33 shown in the drawing by the fully drawn lines is indicated by the numerals 1 to 7 associated with said filaments. The filaments 33 each form with a filament 34 a plurality of connection zones 35 between the adjacent meshes 32, such zones extending inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis, and at an angle relative to the latter the connection zones 35′ extending approximately at right angles relative to the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis, the connection zones 35′ consequently extending in the circumferential direction on the imaginary cylinder jacket of the prosthesis. The connection zones 35 are arranged in one direction which is oblique to the longitudinal and all of the connection zones 35′ are arranged in the circumferential direction.
The embodiment according to FIGS. 15 and 16 relates to a prosthesis with the rectangularly shaped meshes 42, which are comprised by the first filaments 43 extending parallel with each other in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis, and the second filaments 44, the latter being wound around the first filaments 43. The filaments 43 are shown in the drawing by the dashed lines and the second filaments 44 by the fully drawn lines.
In this connection, the arrangement is selected in such a way that the second filaments 44 each are wound around a second, through-extending filament 43, and then project at the end of a mesh 42 to the adjacent, through-extending filament 43, and are again looped around the latter in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. Thus the second filaments 44 progress, extending around the jacket of the prosthesis in the form of stairsteps in the longitudinal direction of the prosthesis. For the purpose of illustrating the course of the second filaments 44 shown by the fully drawn lines, the numerals 1 to 7 are associated with said filaments.
FIG. 16 illustrates in an enlarged cutout view a through-extending first filament 43, around which a second filament 44 is wound up to the corner point of the meshes 42 disposed adjacent to one another, such second filament then extending further to an adjacent filament. The filament 44 is denoted by the numeral 3. Another second filament 44, which is denoted by the numeral 4, meets with the first filament 43 in the corner point shown, and is twisted with the latter, in order to then project at the end of the mesh 42 in the circumferential direction to the next through-extending filament 43.
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|Angiomed Ag
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|EXPANDABLE GRAFTS PARTNERSHIP a Texas General Partnership
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|Boston Scientific Corporation
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|Apr 15, 1993
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|William Cook Europe A/S
|A prosthetic device for sustaining a blood-vessel or hollow organ lumen
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
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|Medtronic Ave, Inc.
|Medical stents, apparatus and method for making same
|May 27, 2004
|Oct 5, 2010
|Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.
|Thermal treatment of an implantable medical device
|Jan 2, 2004
|Oct 26, 2010
|Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.
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|Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.
|40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-rapamycin coated stent
|Apr 9, 2013
|Idev Technologies, Inc.
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|Jul 13, 2012
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|Idev Technologies, Inc.
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|Jul 13, 2012
|Jun 3, 2014
|Idev Technologies, Inc.
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|May 23, 2012
|Jul 8, 2014
|Cutting balloon assembly and method of manufacturing thereof
|Jul 13, 2012
|Nov 4, 2014
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|Plain woven stents
|Sep 26, 2006
|Feb 24, 2015
|Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.
|Method of coating a stent with a release polymer for 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-rapamycin
|May 28, 2014
|Mar 3, 2015
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|Dec 17, 2013
|Mar 10, 2015
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|Plain woven stents
|Oct 1, 2009
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
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|Sep 26, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 22, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 21, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 15, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 2, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150415


text:
Amazon.com Review
Of course, this is no ordinary policeman, but Jack Sawyer, hero of Stephen King and Peter Straub's 1984 fantasy The Talisman. At the end of that book, the 13-year-old Jack had completed a grueling journey through an alternate realm called the Territories, found a mysterious talisman, killed a terrible enemy, and saved the life of his mother and her counterpart in the Territories. Now in his 30s, Jack remembers nothing of the Talisman, but he also hasn't entirely forgotten:
When these faces rise or those voices mutter, he has until now told himself the old lie, that once there was a frightened boy who caught his mother's neurotic terror like a cold and made up a story, a grand fantasy with good old Mom-saving Jack Sawyer at its center. None of it was real, and it was forgotten by the time he was sixteen. By then he was calm. Just as he's calm now, running across his north field like a lunatic, leaving that dark track and those clouds of startled moths behind him, but doing it calmly.Jack is abruptly pulled into the case--and back into the Territories--by the Fisherman himself, who sends Jack a child's shoe, foot still attached. As Jack flips back and forth between French Landing and the Territories, aided by his 20-years-forgotten friend Speedy Parker and a host of other oddballs (including a blind disk jockey, the beautiful mother of one of the missing children, and a motorcycle gang calling itself the "Hegelian Scum"), he tracks both the Fisherman and a much bigger fish: the abbalah, the Crimson King who seeks to destroy the axle of worlds.
While The Talisman was a straightforward myth in 1980s packaging, Black House is richer and more complex, a fantasy wrapped in a horror story inside a mystery, sporting a clever tangle of references to Charles Dickens, Edgar Allan Poe, jazz, baseball, and King's own Dark Tower saga. Talisman fans will find the sure-footed Jack has worn well--as has the King/Straub writing style, which is much improved with the passage of two decades. --Barrie Trinkle --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
From Publishers Weekly
Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information, Inc.--This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.


text:
Talk:Mad Dog Coll
|This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Mad Dog Coll article.
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Drive by murder[edit]
The murder of the 5 year old boy actually had nothing at all to do with Vince Coll or Dutch Schultz. If you read the newspaper articles and trial documents (you can search the NY times database), you find that the confusion began when a burgler decided to tell the police he knew who did the crime to escape conviction. He said it was members of the Vince Coll gang, but identified Mike Coppola (a Luciano man). Schultz's name became involved because they say in the initial article that the men were looking for Joey Rao whow as falsely assumed to be a Schultz man(he also worked for Luciano).
Admittedly Copolla had shot Rao a year earlier during the masseria-maranzano mafia war when they were on opposite sides. But anyway the man shot at was one Anthony Trobino an alleged narcotics dealer, which just adds to the notion it was a Luciano affair. Joey Rao wasn't even present. In an ironic twist Joey Rao and Mike Coppola would go on to become great friends and co-defendants in a murder case years later. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk • contribs)
In several articles written about Vincent Coll it states that his whole family was either dead or ran away. Which is wrong. Vincent had two sisters Tessy who did die and his older sister Florence who happens to be my grandmother and who also raised him for a short time. And of course his brother Peter. If you look at the grave site were Peter and Vincent are burried you will also see that Florence Reddan is also listed there. We (my brother and sister and myself) are the direct relatives of Vincent Coll. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 23:33, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
Why did Florence Reddan allow her two little brothers to be shipped off to the Loretto Orhanahe in Staten Island. She was already an adult and could have taken care of them? Answer by e mail pathcampbe @aol.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 14:47, 29 March 2012 (UTC)
"The Gophers"[edit]
Changed "The Gophers" from a link to just plain text. The link went to a children's TV show, that Mad Dog Coll obviously had nothing to do with. Twfowler (talk) 16:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC)
It looks like most of this article is taken verbatim from the Life of Villains blog. Compare: http://lifeofvillains.blogspot.com/2009/09/gangster-profiles-mad-dog-coll.html. RickW7x2 (talk) 21:15, 29 January 2010 (UTC)
B-Class article?[edit]
This article has ZERO references: why is rated as B-class?? SteveStrummer (talk) 04:44, 13 November 2010 (UTC)
Vincent Coll[edit]
Vincent Coll is a distant cousin of mine he is the grandson of Toll Coll from Gweedore in Co Donegal, so i was surprised that he has direct relatives from his sister, is there anyway of contacting these long lost cousins?
Annie1960 (talk) 03:38, 11 November 2012 (UTC)
Vincent Coll's mother Anna Duncan was born in Dublin Ireland. She emigrated to New York with her family in 1882 when she was 9 years old. She met and married Anthony Coll in Brooklyn and they were married in 1892, living with Anna's family initially. Florence was born later that year and the three of them returned to Anthony's home in Donegal, Ireland in 1894. They spent the next 15 years in Donegal where the rest of the children, including Vincent, were born before the family emigrated back to New York in 1909. I'm Vincent Coll's second cousin related through his mother Anna Duncan. Skeogh (talk) 21:26, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
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text:
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text:
How Mexico Can Sue Arizona
There is no shortage of international law that Mexico might invoke. Off the top of my head, they might invoke the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Or they might make a claim that various provisions of the International Covenant on Economic Cultural and Social Rights has become customary international law. While all of these forms of international law might support a claim, the real obstacle for Secretary Derbez is finding a court with jurisdiction to hear that claim. International law is full of substantive rights without any forum to vindicate them.
What crazy international tribunal would hear Mexico's claim? The International Court of Justice? The International Criminal Court? Actually, the forum most likely to have jurisdiction is actually the good ol' Supreme Court of the United States.
As perhaps only federal court junkies may recall, the original jurisdiction of Supreme Court includes actions "in which a State shall be Party". And as Thomas Lee recently argued in an article in the Columbia Law Review, this provision was intended to permit foreign states to sue the states for treaty violations. Of course, Mexico would have to find a treaty that was self-executing, but that is a question for another day.
Just a little free advice for the government of Mexico from their friends here at Opinio Juris. Any further advice, of course, will require a retainer…
Update: I had to slightly correct my post. The Supreme Court is more likely than any other forum to assert jurisdiction, but I was incorrect in suggesting they were required to.


text:
Change They Can't Believe In:
Are Tea Party supporters merely a group of conservative citizens concerned about government spending? Or are they racists who refuse to accept Barack Obama as their president because he's not white? Change They Can't Believe In offers an alternative argument--that the Tea Party is driven by the reemergence of a reactionary movement in American politics that is fueled by a fear that America has changed for the worse. Providing a range of original evidence and rich portraits of party sympathizers as well as activists, Christopher Parker and Matt Barreto show that what actually pushes Tea Party supporters is not simple ideology or racism, but fear that the country is being stolen from "real Americans"--a belief triggered by Obama's election. From civil liberties and policy issues, to participation in the political process, the perception that America is in danger directly informs how Tea Party supporters think and act.
The authors argue that this isn't the first time a segment of American society has perceived the American way of life as under siege. In fact, movements of this kind often appear when some individuals believe that "American" values are under threat by rapid social changes. Drawing connections between the Tea Party and right-wing reactionary movements of the past, including the Know Nothing Party, the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s, and the John Birch Society, Parker and Barreto develop a framework that transcends the Tea Party to shed light on its current and future consequences.
Linking past and present reactionary movements, Change They Can't Believe In rigorously examines the motivations and political implications associated with today's Tea Party.
Christopher S. Parker is the Stuart A. Scheingold Professor of Social Justice and Political Science at the University of Washington, Seattle. He is the author of Fighting for Democracy (Princeton). Matt A. Barreto is associate professor of political science at the University of Washington, Seattle, and director of the Washington Institute for the Study of Ethnicity, Race and Sexuality. He is the author of Ethnic Cues.
"A scathing analysis of the Tea Party movement, linking it in spirit to the Ku Klux Klan and the John Birch Society. Taking today's conservative populists to be dangerous and their ideas self-incriminating, the authors speculate that Tea Party supporters may perceive of social change as subversion. Based on research and interviews, they suggest racism, desire for social dominance . . . drives the Tea Party."--Publishers Weekly
"Change They Can't Believe In offers valuable empirical data on the Tea Party, and its focus on supporters' antagonism toward Obama is critical to understanding the movement."--Michael O'Donnell, New Republic
"[A] rigorous scholarly investigation of the tea party. . . . Parker and Barreto make the case that tea party supporters are driven above all by 'anxiety incited by Obama as President.' Intuitively, this may already make sense to many readers, but the authors muster the evidence in support, dividing and subdividing different categories of political activity and belief to arrive at a firm basis for their conclusion. . . . [S]upported by reasoned facts in place of political passions."--Kirkus Reviews
"[Parker and Barreto's] statistically informed analysis helps us understand the Tea Party's priorities, its fervor, and its contempt for compromise."--Glenn C. Altschuler, Huffington Post
"In Change They Can't Believe In, Parker and Barreto examine the emergence of the Tea Party in the wake of the Obama presidency. . . . In addition to marshaling a great deal of original data, the authors capably place the Tea Party movement in a historical context."--Choice
List of Figures and Tables vii
Other Princeton books authored or coauthored by Christopher S. Parker:
Another Princeton book authored or coauthored by Matt A. Barreto:
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