text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 30, 1986
|Filing date
|Apr 4, 1984
|Priority date
|Aug 5, 1982
|Fee status
|Publication number
|John R. Pennace, Sharon A. Quinn
|Original Assignee
|Flexcon Company, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (10), Classifications (29), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 405,637 filed on Aug. 5, 1982 which turn is a continuation of Ser. No. 296,701 filed Aug. 27, 1981, which is continuation of Ser. No. 99,265, filed on Feb. 20, 1980; which is a continuation of Ser. No. 58,983 filed on July 10, 1979; and a continuation of Ser. No. 969,254 filed on Dec. 13, 1978 and a continuation of Ser. No. 759,154 filed Jan. 13, 1977 and a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 558,324 filed Mar. 14, 1975 which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 538,588 filed Jan. 6, 1975, all now abandoned.
Ser. No. 58,983 claims release materials having a viscosity below about 600 centipoise and is pending before the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
Ser. No. 99,265 claims release materials having a viscosity below about 1000 centipoises and was decided by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on Feb. 17, 1982.
Ser. No. 296,703 is involved in an interference No. 101,062, filed June 16, 1983 with O'Malley U.S. Pat. No. 4,039,707 filed May 22, 1975 and issued Aug. 2, 1977.
Pressure-sensitive release and adhesive materials are well known and in wide commercial use to secure tapes, labels, or other articles to receiving surfaces. Such adhesives can be attached to a variety of materials by the simple application of pressure. Thus tapes coated with adhesive on opposite sides are used to join two articles together.
Pressure-sensitive adhesives are generally based on elastomeric polymers including natural and synthetic rubbers. They can be compounded with extenders, plasticizers, tackifiers and other materials to provide specifically desired properties. Examples of such materials and their use are provided in numerous prior art U.S. patents, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,085,903; 3,246,049; 3,356,635; 3,501,365; and 3,532,652.
Because such adhesives are tacky, it is customary to cover their exposed surfaces temporarily, and removably, with a release layer, typically a nontacky silicone polymer. This facilitates handling, storage and dispensing. The resulting products include label stock in which a base or support is bonded to the adhesive and the exposed adhesive surface is covered with a silicone-release paper or film. Another example is a spirally wound tape with a film or paper support having one surface bonded to an adhesive. The exposed adhesive surface is in contact with a release layer that is carried by the opposite side of the support, or by a separate interleaving support. Still another example is a spirally wound transfer tape in which the support is coated on both sides with release layers, and one of the release layers is overcoated with adhesive. The adhesive initially can be formed directly on the support surface, or on the release surface. The latter is necessary for transfer tapes with release coatings on both sides of the support. Consistently low uniform release forces between the adhesive and release layer are more difficult to obtain when the adhesive is solidified from a liquid in contact with the release layer surface.
The foregoing structures are "laminates" which are composite structures having at least one support, temporary or permanent, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and at least one release layer in surface contact with the adhesive. Other layers such as a second release layer or a second support may also be present.
Elastomeric, pressure-sensitive silicone adhesives are widely known and have a number of attractive properties. They are useful over a wide range of temperatures, both high and low; they are chemically stable, and have good adhesion to a variety of materials. However, silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives adhere with such tenacity to conventional release surfaces, that the materials often tear before releasing. The consequence is that the use of silicone adhesive has been limited generally to direct application without a release layer, or to use with plastic films strong enough to withstand the considerable release forces required in unwinding spiral tapes. Release surfaces with ridges which tend to reduce contact area have also been employed with limited success, but at increased expense.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to realize a silicone pressure-sensitive release laminate that is practical for use, both immediately after preparation and after extended periods of storage.
Another object is to realize silicone adhesive laminate structures which can be releasably separated with stripping or release forces comparable with known, nonsilicone pressure-sensitive adhesive laminates.
Still another object is to realize silicone pressure-sensitive laminate structures which permit the use of existing pressure-sensitive application techniques and equipment.
A further object of the invention is to facilitate the use of silicone adhesives. A related object is to provide release materials for such adhesives which expedite their use.
Still another object is to achieve release and adhesive combinations which are readily produced and are usable over a wide range of temperature conditions. A related object is to achieve a silicone release and adhesive laminate which is operable under frigid Arctic conditions, as well as humid and high temperature tropical conditions.
In accomplishing the foregoing and related objects, the invention provides for the employment of one or more releasable dimethylpolysiloxanes which, before curing, have viscosities in the range from about 60 centipoises to about 100 centipoises, and from about 100 centipoises to about 600 centipoises. A less preferred range of viscosities is from above about 600 centipoises to below 1000 centipoises. A similarly suitable viscosity range extends below about 60 centipoises.
Silicone release resins for the practice of the invention are sold essentially as linear polymers or prepolymers in liquid form, with or without solvents. They are coated onto paper, film or other supports and then cured, typically by heat and/or surface catalytic action, to form solid, nontacky, cross-linked polymers in situ.
These release resins are formed from halosilanes and consist predominantly of repeating units of the structure ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical, principally a lower alkyl or aryl, typically methyl;
O is oxygen; and
Si is silicon.
The degree of polymerization is such as to produce a liquid linear prepolymer material with no significant cross-linkage. While liquids are preferred, high molecular weight wax-like solids can be substituted where sufficient solvent or can be employed to provide fluidity for coating without premature curing. It is believed that presently known silicone linear release prepolymers consist of at least 95 percent repeating units of the above structure with reactive end groups, but that small quantities of other modifying units may be present, if desired. Such release materials are described, for example, in an article by Alvin E. Bey, titled "New Developments in Silicone Release Coatings for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives", in the October, 1972 issue of Adhesives Age, pages 29-32.
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives can be contacted with release layers formed from selected silicone release polymers, stored for extended periods, and removed for use when needed. The equipment and forces are generally comparable to those heretofore employed with rubber and acrylic-based adhesives. These results are obtained by employing one or more silicone release polymers with a net viscosity below 1000 centipoises, which subsequently are highly cross-linked. The degree of cross-linking can be conveniently measured by the absorption of solvent. The greater the degree of cross-linking, the less is the absorption of solvent. Silicone release polymers are sufficiently cross-linked for use with the laminates of the present invention if they absorb less than about 200 percent of their cured weight of the solvent heptane.
The absorption of heptane is measures as follows: A sample of liquid coating material, catalyzed for curing, is placed in a container from which it can be removed after curing. The container may be a small laboratory weighing dish of aluminum foil. Inert solvent, if present, is then removed and the liquid fully cured. A sufficient sample should be used to provide a cured thickness of about one fourth inch. The cured sample is then removed, weighed, and immersed in heptane until the sample reaches substantially constant weight. The sample is removed from the heptane, the surface dried by blotting and the sample is reweighed. The increase in weight represents the amount of absorbed heptane.
When measured by the foregoing technique, it has been found that conventional silicone release polymers will absorb about 600 percent or more of their original weight and that the increase in weight often continues well beyond twenty-four hours. Preferred materials according to the present invention usually attain substantially constant weight within twenty-four hours.
The release mechanism has been previously theorized, for example, in Bey, cited above, as involving a low polarity surface of low surface tension, highly flexible polymer chains, incompatibility of the release surface with dissimilar contacting adhesive polymers. The degree of cross-linking affects the release forces. However, such theories have not led to successful release laminates for silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives.
Surprisingly, and in accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that if the degree of cross-linking is substantially increased over prior practice, laminates with silicone adhesives can be obtained with low release values even though the flexibility of the release polymer is reduced and the polymeric materials in contact have substantial similarity.
A variety of chemical techniques are known for obtaining a high cross-link density. For example, a high degree of functionality can be provided on a polysiloxane prepolymer, as by silicon-bonded hydrogen or vinyl substituents, which are polymerized and cross-linked with polyfunctional cross-linking agents. Additive reactions between unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, such as vinyls or the like, and silicon-bonded hydrogens are preferred. The unsaturated hydrocarbon groups may be provided as reactive groups in a hydrocarbon molecule, preferably of low molecular weight, as in Example I, or on a polysiloxane prepolymer, as in Example VI, below.
It is also preferred that all or a majority of the polysiloxane prepolymers be of low molecular weight, preferably having a Brookfield viscosity at 25� C. below 1000 centipoises, corresponding to a molecular weight below about 25,000. Such lower molecular weight prepolymers are believed to minimize steric effects in the attainment of a highly cross-linked structure. The total liquid coating prepolymer composition, absent inert solvent, preferably has a viscosity below about 600 centiposes and most preferably less. Particularly suitable materials have a net viscosity in the range extending downwardly from 300 to between 60 and 100 centipoises. Less suitable but usable are materials having a viscosity range above 600 centipoises and below 60 centipoises.
It is preferred in some cases that the silicone release layers of the present invention be formed from reactive polysiloxane prepolymer compositions having a substantial content of silicon-bonded hydrogen substituents sufficient to provide an infra-red (IR) absorption ratio above about 0.4 for the ratio of (a) silicon-hydrogen (Si-H) absorption, in the range from about 4.5 to 4.8 microns, to (b) for carbon-hydrogen (C-H) absorption in the range from about 3.0 to 3.5 microns.
Even where the absorption ratio for hydrogen-bonded silicon is below 0.4, suitable release materials can be realized if the material contains a sufficient number of other reactive groups, such as vinyls.
Prepolymers containing silicon-bonded hydrogen can comprise the major component, as in Examples I-V, below, which can be highly cross-linked with co-reactive silanes, multivinyl containing cross-linking agents, or similar reactive unsaturated compounds such as dicyclopentadiene, or, as illustrated in Example VI, the silicon-bonded, hydrogen-containing prepolymer can be employed to cross-link other co-reactive polysiloxane prepolymers having sufficient co-reactive substituents, preferably vinyl groups, to provide a siloxane copolymer with a high degree of cross-linking. Catalysts for the above reactions are known and are exemplified in the Examples.
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is an infrared (IR) spectrographic absorption chart for silicone release resin prepolymer No. 4280 of the General Electric Company;
FIG. 2 is an IR spectrographic absorption chart for silicone release resin prepolymer No. SS4281C of the General Electric Company;
FIG. 3 is an IR spectrographic absorption chart for silicone release resin prepolymer No. 4191 of the General Electric Company;
FIG. 4 is an IR spectrographic absorption chart for silicone release resin prepolymer No. X2-7018 of the Dow Corning Corporation;
FIG. 5 is an IR spectrographic absorption chart for silicone release resin prepolymer No. X2-7016 of the Dow Corning Corporation;
FIG. 6 is an IR spectrographic absorption chart for silicone release resin prepolymer No. 23/30 of the Dow Corning Corporation;
FIG. 7 is an IR spectrographic absorption chart for silicone release resin prepolymer No. EP 6396 of the Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., Stevenston, Ayrshire, Scotland;
FIG. 8A is an IR spectograph absorption chart for Dow-Corning Q-2-7044/7045;
FIG. 8B is a reduced portion of FIG. 8A to permit determination of the IR ratio;
FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of a laminate in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of another laminate in accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 9C is a schematic diagram of a further laminate in accordance with the invention.
Detailed considerations applicable to the practice of the invention are set forth below.
The absorption spectra of FIGS. 1-8 were obtained by placing a cast film, free of solvent, in or on a sodium chloride capillary cell or plate. Cells were used for lower viscosity materials where too little material was retained on a plate (FIGS. 2, 4, 5 and 7). Plates were used for higher viscosity materials (FIGS. 1, 3 and 6). The runs were performed on an INFRACORD prism IR spectrophotometer. The cast film was of a thickness such that both absorption peaks of interest, when present, fell within about the absorption region extending from above 0.2 to 0.7.
The determination of the ratio of absorption in the range from 4.5 to 4.8 microns for silicon-bonded hydrogen (SiH), to the absorption in the range from 3.0 to 3.5 microns for the carbon-bonded hydrogen (CH) is illustrated with respect to FIG. 7 as follows:
(a) The first absorption peak is 0.72 at 3.4 microns. The estimated base line at 3.4 microns is about 0.05 (by straight line extrapolation across the absorption interval indicated by the broken line).
(b) The absorption at 3.4 microns for (CH), was therefore determined to be about 0.67 (0.72 minus 0.05).
(c) Similarly, the second absorption peak was 0.29 at 4.6 microns. The absorption (SiH), adjusted for base line was determined as 0.275 (0.29 minus 0.015).
(d) The ratio (IR), therefore was 0.41 (obtained from dividing 0.275 by 0.67). (IR)1 =(SiH)1 /(CH)1
IR ratios from FIGS. 1-8 were calculated as indicated above and are listed in the following TABLE I.
TABLE I______________________________________(IR Ratios) Numerator Denominator (SiH) (CH) SiH/CH Absorption Absorption AbsorptionFIG. (4.5-4.8) (3.0-3.5) Ratio______________________________________1 -- 0.19 --2 0.65 0.43 1.513 0.05 0.20 0.254 -- 0.47 --5 0.34 0.43 1.036 0.17 0.72 0.247 0.27 0.67 0.418 0.13 0.57 0.23______________________________________
As sold commercially and recommended for use by the suppliers, the prepolymers of FIGS. 1 and 2, and also of FIGS. 4 and 5, are mixed in the proportion of 10 parts by weight of the first material to 1 part by weight of the second material and coated with or without solvent, and cured. They form release layers, but not for silicone adhesives.
The materials of FIGS. 3 and 6 are conventional solvent coating release materials, cured with catalyst and small quantities of reactive silanes as recommended by the suppliers.
The material of FIG. 7 is a solventless coating material cured with added platinic acid catalyst containing dicyclopentadiene, as recommended by the supplier.
When such materials are coated on densified release paper, cured, and laminated to conventional rubber or acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, suitably stable release forces are generally obtained for solvent applied release layers in the range of 16 to 40 grams per inch of width at slow speed, and 40 to 100 grams per inch of width at high speed, measured as more fully explained in Example 1 below.
The coatings applied without solvents generally give about one-half these values. However, when laminated to silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, especially after a few days of storage, conventional release sheets often tear before release is obtained. Also, the tack or adhesion of the silicone adhesives is sometimes diminished, believed to be due to retention of release polymer on the surface of the adhesive.
In the case of FIG. 8, although the absorption ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen is low (less than 0.40), there are compensating vinyl reactive groups which make use of material suitable for the practice of the invention.
The invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples:
A carrier was provided by a conventional 42-pound per ream (250,000 square inches) super calendered and densified Kraft release paper and coated as follows:
A silicon-release polymer EP 6396 from Imperial Chemical Industries Limited (ICI), Ayrshire, Scotland was mixed with ICI catalyst EP 6439 (platinic acid type containing dicyclopentadiene) in the weight ratio of 1.5 parts catalyst to 100 parts resin and placed in the pan of an offset gravure coating apparatus. EP 6396 is believed to be predominantly silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 60 to 100 centipoises at 25� C., in combination with a minor proportion of polymethylhydrogensiloxane having a viscosity of about 25 centipoises at 25� C. The net viscosity is about 70 centipoises and is verifiable from the IR spectrographic absorption chart of FIG. 7. In addition FIG. 7 and Table I show that the material has a sufficient amount of hydrogen-bonded silicon (IR ratio of 0.45) to provide an adequate release.
A gravure roll, partially immersed in the pan, with 150 lines per inch engraved on steel was employed with a rubber transfer roll operated at a roll speed ratio of 1:1. The release carrier paper was fed over the transfer roll by a steel drive roll, with the paper fed between the nip formed by the rubber transfer roll and the steel drive roll, at a speed six times as great as the linear speed of the surface of the transfer roll surface. This provided a smooth, uniform coating of about 0.3 pounds coating per ream. The coating was then passed into a hot air oven and cured for 7 seconds at 395� F. (202� C.). The second or reverse side was then similarly coated and cured, with the first side again heated for 7 seconds at 395� F. (202� C.).
The release paper was then further coated on the first, twice heated side, by drawing the paper under a shimmed steel bar with 1.0 to 1.5 mils thickness of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive (after drying and curing). The adhesive employed was SR 574 obtained from the General Electric Company and catalyzed as recommended with 1.5 percent by weight of equal weight parts of dichlorobenzoyl peroxide and silicone oil or dibutyl phthalate. The coating was cured at 300� F. for 2 minutes. The cured adhesive was covered with a 0.002 inch thick strip of Mylar polyester film and a compressive force of about 400 pounds per inch applied for eight minutes.
It is to be noted that the composition for SR 574 adhesive is disclosed by William J. O'Malley in an article titled "Silicone Pressure Sensitive Adhesives for Flexible Printed Circuits", Apr. 24, 1974, prepared for a meeting of the Multilayer Committee of the Institute of Printed Circuits. The specific composition of SR 574 is discussed, for example, on page 1 at line 8 and in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is indicated that pressure sensitive adhesives of the SR 574 type are based on the combination of a gum and an "MQ" resin. The gum component, as shown by FIG. 1 of the article, is a polysiloxane gum such as methylphenylpolysiloxane. FIG. 2 of the article discloses the MQ resin to be an organopolysiloxane resin.
In addition the preparation of organopolysiloxane pressure sensitive adhesives is specifically set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 2,857,356 to Goodwin, Jr., which teaches that specific resins (column 4, beginning at line 15) are reacted with linear, high-viscosity organopolysiloxane fluids (column 4, beginning at line 47).
Slow speed release between the silicone adhesive and the silicone release surface was measured with an Instron tester, Model TM. In the slow speed test, a sample 1/2 inch wide by six inches in length was stripped at 90� and 12 inches per minute and the release measured. This procedure is a modification of TLMI Adhesion Test No. VII-LD. In the modified procedure the sample to be tested is secured to a rigid plate using two-sided adhesive tape, with both release layer and its carrier exposed. Removal of release layer is initiated, and the sample is clamped in the jaws of the tester.
For high speed stripping, the test was conducted on a TLMI tester, and samples 1 inch by 6 inches were stripped at 180� and 600 inches per minute, following TLMI release test method VIII-LD270. the measured stripping or release forces were as follows, for various periods of storage time at standard conditions of temperature and pressure following preparation of the laminate:
______________________________________ Low Speed High SpeedStorage Interval Release Force Release Force______________________________________Zero 9-16 grams 25-30 grams24 hours 14-24 grams 25-30 grams 1 week 15-25 grams 25-30 grams______________________________________
Ten grams of ICI release prepolymer EP 6396 was dissolved in 87 grams of heptane. To this solution was added one (1.0) c.c. of a 50 percent by weight solution of triacetoxy methyl silane in toluene, and 0.5 grams of di-N-butyl tin dioctoate, a known silicone catalyst.
The resulting release mixture was coated using a Number 4 Mayer rod onto a support film of Mylar polyester, dried and cured in an oven for 20 seconds at 275� F. When overcoated with General Electric SR 574 silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive, laminated and tested, all as set forth in Example I, low release values immediately and after storage for one week were obtained.
When the release mixture was coated on untreated paper low release values were not obtained. However, if the paper is provided with a suitable barrier coating, e.g. a conventional cured silicone release coating such as the materials of FIGS. 3 or 6, paper can be used as the support.
General Electric experimental pressure-sensitive adhesive No. 404-333 was substituted for adhesive SR 574 in Example I. The resulting material was laminated and tested as in Example I. Similar release values were obtained.
The prepolymer of FIG. 2, having a comparatively high IR absorption ratio (of 1.51 as shown in Table I) and a viscosity of 600 centipoises, is used after being suitably cured with catalyst such as that of Example I. The viscosity of 600 centipoises is verifiable from literature supplied by the manufacturer. Improved release properties for silicone adhesives are obtained.
The prepolymer of FIG. V also having a comparatively high IR absorption ratio (of 1.03 as shown by Table I) and a viscosity believed to be below 1000 centipoises is used when suitably cured with a catalyst such as that of Example I. The low viscosity below about 1000 centipoises is supported by the suitability of the material for reverse roll coating. Improved release properties for silicone adhesives are obtained.
A mixture of one part by weight Q-2-7045 was mixed with ten parts Q-2-7044, obtained from the Dow Corning Corporation. The mixture was substituted for the ICI material specified in example I.
Q-2-7044 is understood to be a polysiloxane having a plurality of reactive vinyl substituents attached to its silicone atoms, a viscosity of about 300 centipoises, and a molecular weight of about 15,000, corresponding to a degree of polymerization of about 200. It also contains rhodium, or platinum-based catalyst.
Q-2-7045 is understood to be approximately 60 percent by weight Q-2-7044 and 40 percent by weight polymethylhydrogensiloxane of low molecular weight. This material is understood to have a degree of polymerization of about 40 units and an IR ratio substantially greater than 0.4. The reactive hydrogen substituents of the Q-2-7045 cross-link with the vinyl groups of the Q-2-7044 prepolymer.
The material was coated, cured, and tested in accordance with Example I, except that the rubber transfer roll and the steel drive roll were driven at the same speed. This was greater than the surface speed of the gravure roll by 10 percent or more. A coating weight of between one and two pounds per ream was applied.
Although this material has a comparatively low absorption ratio (of 0.20 as indicated in Table I) it has a sufficient number of reactive vinyls to provide a suitable release.
Similar results were obtained as for Example I. In addition this release material was employed on the Alaska pipeline and found to be the only material, of those tested, that could be used successfully under Arctic conditions.
Of the foregoing Examples I, III, IV and VI are preferred. Assurance of the suitability of the material is made by choosing relatively low viscosity material below 1000 centipoises at 25� C., and preferably lower, with a sufficient number of reactive groups, either at or intermediate terminal positions. In the case of reactive hydrogen an indicator of suitability is given by a relatively high IR ratio (above 0.4). Other indices of active sites are employed for vinyls, alkoxys, esters and the like.
It is also preferred to use a pressure-sensitive silicone adhesive containing an appreciable number of essentially inert substituents other than methyl, for example phenyl groups, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,857,356 and 3,839,075. Such groups may be provided, for example, by incorporating phenyl-methyl siloxane in the polymer monomer units. Inclusion of "M" and "Q" units as described in the above patents is also preferred. The amount of such "M" and "Q" units can be varied to vary the tack of the resulting adhesives.
For each of the above Examples, the pressure-sensitive laminates were in accordance with FIG. 9A. Each such laminate 10 consisted of a support layer 11 of Mylar film or tape; a silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12 adhered to one surface of the film 11; a cured, highly cross-linked silicone release polymer layer 3 removably adhered upon the adhesive layer; and a release paper carrier 14 adhered to the release layer on the side opposite the adhesive. The adhesive can be readily stored, handled, dispensed and applied in this form.
To form a spirally-wound tape 10' as illustrated in FIG. 8B, the silicone release layer 12 is applied to the side of the Mylar film 11 opposite the adhesive 13 and no separate carrier sheet is needed.
For a transfer tape 10" as illustrated in FIG. 9C, both sides of the Mylar 11 or other support are coated with respective release layers 12 and 12'. It should be noted that low release values were obtained even though the adhesive was applied and cured directly on the release surface.
Each of the foregoing Examples provides a high degree of cross-linking. In all cases polysiloxane prepolymers with a plurality of silicon-bonded hydrogen substituents were cross-linked with compounds having a plurality of vinyl, hydroxyl or esteryl groups that are co-reactive with the hydrogen substituents. The prepolymers are believed to have substantially the following structure: ##STR2## where R' is an alkyl, preferably methyl, radical;
R is partially or entirely hydrogen and the balance if any, is an alkyl, preferably lower carbon chain radical;
O is oxygen;
Si is silicon; and
X is below about 350 and preferably less.
Such low molecular weight material provide a Brookfield viscosity at 25� C. below 1000 centipoises, and/or preferably less. These prepolymers are believed to be substantially homopolymers of methylhydrogenpolysiloxane when X is about 40; or are copolymers with dimethylpolysiloxane when X is greater than 40 and below about 350 and preferably below about 300.
The above prepolymers, suitably catalyzed, are copolymerized and highly cross-linked by materials having a plurality of groups that are co-reactive with the hydrogen substituents. Table III, below, summarizes the cross-linking materials employed in the Examples:
TABLE III______________________________________Cross-linker Examples______________________________________(1) disilanol terminated I, II, II, IV and V(2) dicyclopentadiene I, III, IV and V(3) methyl-triacetoxy silane II(4) polysiloxane prepolymers VI having a plurality of vinyl substituents______________________________________
The organopolysiloxanes of Example VI and Table III (4), above, are believed to have substantially the following formula: ##STR3## where R' is an alkyl, principally methyl radical;
R" is a mixture of vinyl and lower alkyl groups;
O is oxygen;
Si is silicon; and
Y is below about 350 and preferably below 30.
Organosiloxanes should comprise the major portion of the coating composition. Where hydrocarbon cross-linking agents such as dicyclopentadiene are used, they preferably have small structures and are used in limited amounts sufficient to provide highly cross-linked organosilicone.
Where co-reactive polysiloxane prepolymers are employed, the ratio may vary considerably provided sufficient quantities of each reactive group are employed to produce a dense, highly cross-linked silicone. Thus in Example VI a minor portion of a silicon-bonded hydrogen-containing prepolymer is employed with a substantial number of reactive hydrogen substituents. Undue stoichiometric excess of unreacted silicon-bonded hydrogen substituents is preferably avoided.
It is also known that hydroxyl and alkoxy groups are co-reactive with silicon-bonded hydrogen polysiloxane substituents.
Cure of the release coatings should be carried substantially to completion, so that low release values are obtained. A minimum of free reactive groups at the surface is considered desirable. Substantially complete cure can be achieved using sufficient heat and time, e.g. from about 7 to about 20 seconds at 395� F. or higher. Infra-red heaters can be employed usefully at the end of the cure cycle, for example to raise the coating temperature momentarily to about 500� F.
Where initial release values are too high, improvement can sometimes be provided by chemically converting free surface reactive groups to more inert groups. For example, free surface Si-H groups may be treated with hydrogen free, reactive silanes such as by a gas phase exposure to a mixture of trichloromethylsilane and dichlorodimethyl silane for 5 seconds at 225� F., or a liquid treatment with a 3 percent by weight solution of trimethoxymethyl silane in heptane, with di-N-butyl tin diacetate as catalyst, followed by drying. Curing with sufficient heat is desirable.
Control of moisture during cure may also be important in obtaining low release values, especially for low coating weights. Ambient moisture in the drying and curing air has not been a problem and reasonable care in excluding contamination or condensation of water in the coating prepolymer mixture is sufficient. However, excess moisture in the carrier paper, where used, can be troublesome, and it is preferred that the paper have a moisture content by weight of about 4 percent or less. Pre-drying can be employed, if necessary.
Good coating technique is desirable, with sufficient coating material applied to obtain a smooth uniform surface with preferably between about 0.2 and 2.0 pounds of cured release coating per ream. Coating weights between about 1.0 and 2.0 pounds per ream are preferred. These coating weights are used for normal support having good hold-out surfaces. Higher amounts may be required when the liquid release materials are applied to more porous surfaces to compensate for absorption into the support.
High speed release forces are often more important than low speed release because of the common use of high speed applicating equipment. High speed release forces less than about 100 grams (3.3 ozs.) per inch of width are preferred, forces less than about 50 grams (1.7 ozs.) are more preferred, and about 25 grams (0.8 oz.) or less per inch of width are most preferred. Such low values have not been obtainable previously in consistent commercial practice prior to the present invention, especially where the adhesive coating is formed directly on the release surface. Low release values are particularly important amounts may be required when the liquid release materials are applied to more porous surfaces to compensate for absorption into the support.
High speed release forces are often more important than low speed release because of the common use of high speed applicating equipment. High speed release forces less than about 200 grams per inch of width are preferred, forces less than about 100 grams are more preferred, and about 50 grams or less per inch of width are most preferred. Such low values have not been obtainable previously in consistent commercial practice prior to the present invention, especially where the adhesive coating is formed directly on the release surface. Low release values are particularly important where paper is used as a carrier due to its limited strength, and where high speed applicating equipment is used.
The release polymers used in the Examples were obtained from the commercial sources indicated. Other release polymers of suitable viscosity and absorbance can be produced by hydrolysis of organo substituted halosilanes. This results in a hydrolyzate of linear and cyclic polysiloxanes. The hydrolyzate is treated with a catalyst, such as potassium hydroxide, to bring about depolymerization. The desired polymers are separated by distillation.
Suitable organopolysiloxane can also be produced by hydration of high order organopolysiloxanes and heating. This causes the high order organopolysiloxane to break into low order materials. For example, an organopolysiloxane with a viscosity of 1,000,000 centipoises at 25� C. may be heated at 160� C. with 1.0 percent by weight water for 2 hours to reduce the material to chains having viscosities below 1000 centipoises.
It will be understood that the foregoing description is for illustration only and that the invention includes all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 14, 1957
|May 23, 1961
|Avery Adhesive Products Inc
|Method of rendering a web non-adherent to a pressure-sensitive adhesive and article produced thereby
|Feb 28, 1957
|Oct 31, 1961
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Self-fusing tape
|May 22, 1975
|Aug 2, 1977
|General Electric Company
|Article comprising a silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive and a releasable anti-stick layer and process of using same
|Jul 16, 1979
|Mar 24, 1981
|General Electric Company
|Silicone compositions for treating gypsum board
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 3, 1986
|Sep 15, 1987
|Chr Industries, Inc.
|Pressure sensitive composite material
|Jul 19, 1985
|Mar 1, 1988
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Polysiloxane-grafted copolymer release coating sheets and adhesive tapes
|Sep 29, 1986
|Apr 4, 1989
|Flexcon Co., Inc.
|Silicone releases, laminates and methods
|Aug 12, 1988
|Aug 22, 1989
|James River Corporation Of Virginia
|Undercoated silicone release sheet
|Jan 26, 1993
|Dec 12, 1995
|International Paper
|Flexible container with nonstick interior
|Mar 27, 1997
|Jul 7, 1998
|Mafcote Industries, Inc.
|Doilies and method of manufacturing same
|Feb 19, 1998
|Jun 13, 2000
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Block resistant film
|Sep 2, 1999
|Feb 5, 2002
|Richard S. Werner
|Double-sided tape for automatic dispensing gun
|Nov 21, 2001
|Sep 16, 2003
|Richard S. Werner
|Method of manufacturing double-sided tape for automatic dispensing gun
|Nov 15, 1989
|May 30, 1990
|Dow Corning Corporation
|Pressure sensitive adhesive/release liner laminate
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 4, 1984
Owner name: DENNISON MANUFACTURING COMPANY, FRAMINGHAM, MA A
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:PENNACE, JOHN R.;QUINN, SHARON A.;REEL/FRAME:004247/0339
Effective date: 19840331
|May 1, 1990
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Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 7, 1994
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Year of fee payment: 12


text:
'Good Wife,' 'Odd Couple,' 'CSI: Cyber' Among CBS Renewals
Upfronts 2015: "NCIS," "Hawaii Five-0," "Person of Interest" and "Criminal Minds" are also coming back.
Upfronts 2015: "NCIS," "Hawaii Five-0," "Person of Interest" and "Criminal Minds" are also coming back.
The actor will guest star on an episode of the CBS cop show airing next year
Boomer Esiason and Eric Dickerson also slated for guest appearances
NBC's biggest hopes for spring return to mixed numbers
"The Bachelor" and "Castle" rise to give ABC the night's largest total viewership
New Fox drama "The Following" slips 12 percent
Special "Hawaii Five-0" episode airing after AFC Championship game will include seven unreleased Jimi Hendrix songs
"Hawaii Five-0" viewers will be able to vote between three possible resolutions in real time for Jan. 14 episode
"2 Broke Girls" grabs night's top ratings, while "The Voice" is most-watched
"Blake Shelton's Not So Family Christmas" performs strongly with "Voice" lead-in
CBS hits season highs with its primetime roster
"Chicago Hope" alum Christine Lahti will play the thought-to-be-deceased mother of Steve McGarrett
Recurring role on CBS' cop-drama revamp will also reunite him with "Lost" castmate Daniel Dae Kim.
The son of Hollywood and Broadway royalty played "Danno" for 11 years
ABC won the night with its celebrity dance competition, but NBC and CBS both had strong numbers for new shows
CBS entertainment president also talks the new "Hawaii Five-O," "Big Bang" contract talks and selling a show with a four-letter word
Pilot Watch 2010: Cult fave will star in remake of "Hawaii Five-O." Plus, why "Numbers'" number may be up

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Curriculum - Master of Public Health
More Information on MPH Internships
In addition to mastering the core curriculum competencies and the competencies for the student's department or program, each student in the Global Health Concentration learns to analyze and describe international health issues. All students in the Global Health Concentration will complete three global health courses from at least two of the five perspectives on public health by which global health courses have been categorized. Students will also participate in two semesters of the Global Health Seminar (preferably in their first year) and complete a global health internship during the summer between the first and second years of the M.P.H. program. If students have already had 10-12 weeks of international public health experience, they can do an internship based in the US as long as it is pertinent to global health; otherwise, they have to do an internship abroad. Students must write a global health-related thesis or participate in a relevant capstone experience (as determined by their department).


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Where can i buy Cold Cathodes of cheap $$$$$$? In my LE i have four, 4 inch CC tubes and i need to find a place that sells cheap cathodes to finish my job off.
Where Can I Buy?
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Porch Lights (Hardcover)
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New York Times bestselling author Dorothea Benton Frank is back home in the Carolina lowcountry, spinning a tale that brims with the warmth, charm, heart, and humor that has become her trademark. Porch Lights is a stirring, emotionally rich multigenerational story a poignant tale of life, love, and transformation as a nurse, returning to Sullivans Island from the Afghanistan War, finds her life has been irrevocably altered by tragedy and now must rediscover love and purpose with the help of her son and aging mother.
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About the Author
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Latinas and Eating Disorders
About 10% of Americans struggle with eating disorders. But among Latinos, this disease often goes underreported and undiagnosed. And some evidence suggest that Latinos might be more susceptible.
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Fresh, or rather not so fresh, from an all-nighter, a
bushy-bearded Mr Trevathan was shown nodding off in the
Auckland audition waiting room on Sunday night's 2013 debut
of the television show.
His entertaining back-story footage showed him trundling
around his family farm near Tarras on a tractor, with beer in
hand, and telling the camera he had entered the cooking
competition to ''represent the rural society''.
Most memorable in his preamble, was his comment: ''I like to
cook meat, except for chicken. To me chicken's like a ladies'
meat, so it's more of a vegetable.''
Standing before the trio of judges, he confessed he had only
made it home from his night out in the big smoke at 7am that
day, but his bender had netted him $14,000 at the casino, so
it was worth the effort.
Clad in his Young Farmers shirt and pair of moleskins, with a
laid-back, straight-talking attitude to match, he
acknowledged presentation was not his strong point.
''I don't get a lot of appreciation from the dogs when I
throw them a lump of meat each night.''
However, his venison backstrap - courtesy of a hunting trip
in the Lindis Pass - with red currant jus, baby potatoes and
stuffed mushrooms, was enough to impress the judging panel
and earn praise from Ray McVinnie on the ''purity of the
flavours'', putting him through to the next round.
''You better perform,'' McVinnie cautioned a beaming Mr
Trevathan, who was among the top 24 contestants selected from
more than 1000 hopefuls. Eight contestants will be eliminated
during next Sunday's episode, but bound by a strict
confidentiality agreement, Mr Trevathan cannot reveal how far
he progresses on the show - filmed over three months last
However, he said yesterday he was ''happy enough'' with the
way he was portrayed on the show, which he had watched at the
Luggate Pub with a group of mates.
''I think people perceived me the way I expected.''
Since the episode aired he had been inundated with phone
calls, emails, texts and Facebook messages, from friends and
strangers, he said.
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Troubled Asset Relief Program:
Status of GAO Recommendations to Treasury
GAO-13-324R: Published: Mar 8, 2013. Publicly Released: Mar 8, 2013.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-8678
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
What GAO Found
As of February 2013 our performance audits of the TARP programs have resulted in 66 recommendations to Treasury. Of the 66 recommendations, Treasury has implemented 51, or approximately 77 percent. Treasury has partially implemented 7 of the performance audit recommendations--that is, it has taken some steps toward implementation but needs to take more actions. Four performance audit recommendations remain open--that is, Treasury has not taken steps to implement them. Among these open recommendations are 2 recommendations directed at CPP and 2 recommendations directed at the MHA housing programs. Finally, with regard to 2 of the remaining 4 recommendations, Treasury officials told us that they were not planning to take actions to implement them. For the other 2 recommendations, the TARP program evolved and the recommendations are no longer applicable.
TARP is required to annually prepare and issue audited financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). GAO is required to annually audit these statements to determine if: (1) OFS's financial statements for TARP are fairly presented in all material respects as of and for the year ended September 30; (2) OFS's internal control over financial reporting is effective as of September 30; and (3) there are any reportable noncompliance with selected provisions of laws and regulations that we test.
Why GAO Did This Study
The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA) authorized the creation of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to address the most severe crisis that the financial system had faced in decades. EESA provided GAO with broad oversight authorities for actions taken under TARP and required that we report at least every 60 days on TARP activities and performance. Our oversight and reporting has resulted in 99 performance and financial statement audit recommendations to the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury), the primary agency responsible for TARP programs. While Treasury has addressed most of our recommendations, some recommendations remain outstanding.
This 60-day report describes the status of our TARP recommendations to Treasury as of February 2013. In particular, this report discusses Treasury's implementation of our recommendations, focusing particularly on two major TARP programs: the Capital Purchase Program (CPP), which supports certain U.S. financial institutions, and Making Home Affordable (MHA), which is a collection of housing programs designed to help homeowners avoid foreclosure. The report also addresses Treasury's responses to our recommendations for improving internal controls over financial reporting for TARP that resulted from our audits of TARP's financial statements.
For more Information, contact A. Nicole Clowers at (202) 512-8678 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Jul 13, 2016
Management Report:Improvements Needed in Controls over the Processes Used to Prepare the U.S. Consolidated Financial StatementsGAO-16-621: Published: Jul 13, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 13, 2016.
Jul 11, 2016
Improper Payments:CFO Act Agencies Need to Improve Efforts to Address Compliance IssuesGAO-16-554: Published: Jun 30, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 11, 2016.
Jun 13, 2016
Management Report:Improvements Needed in CFPB's Internal Controls and Accounting ProceduresGAO-16-522R: Published: Jun 13, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 13, 2016.
Jun 6, 2016
Management Report:Areas for Improvement in the Federal Reserve Banks' Information Systems ControlsGAO-16-601R: Published: Jun 6, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 6, 2016.
May 26, 2016
DOD Financial Management:Greater Visibility Needed to Better Assess Audit Readiness for Property, Plant, and EquipmentGAO-16-383: Published: May 26, 2016. Publicly Released: May 26, 2016.
May 18, 2016
Management Report:Improvements Are Needed to Enhance the Internal Revenue Service's Internal Control over Financial ReportingGAO-16-457R: Published: May 18, 2016. Publicly Released: May 18, 2016.
Apr 6, 2016
Fiscal Year 2015 U.S. Government Financial Statements:Need to Address the Government's Remaining Financial Management Challenges and Long-Term Fiscal PathGAO-16-541T: Published: Apr 6, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 6, 2016.
Mar 30, 2016
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute:Review of the Audit of the Financial Statements for Fiscal Year 2015GAO-16-458R: Published: Mar 30, 2016. Publicly Released: Mar 30, 2016.
Feb 29, 2016
Credit Reform:Current Method to Estimate Credit Subsidy Costs Is More Appropriate for Budget Estimates Than a Fair Value ApproachGAO-16-41: Published: Jan 29, 2016. Publicly Released: Feb 29, 2016.
Feb 25, 2016
Financial Audit:U.S. Government's Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Financial StatementsGAO-16-357R: Published: Feb 25, 2016. Publicly Released: Feb 25, 2016.
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New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning will be having surgery on his left ankle to repair an injury that he suffered last December in the Giants last game of the season against the Washington Redskins. Manning, 33, took a big hit in the game, and came up limping. He attempted to rehab the injury for the past three months, but it's failed to respond to normal rehab methods. Manning is still feeling pain in the ankle, and that's what led him to take the surgical route.
Manning will be operated on by Dr. Robert Anderson, a foot expert, and it's expected that the 6'4″ Manning should be able to start running within a month and a half.
Manning is coming off a poor season in 2013 in which he completed just 57.5 percent of his throws with a passing rating of 69.4. He had 27 passes intercepted, and threw only 18 touchdowns. His accuracy was poor all year long, and he looked nothing like the player who had led the Giants to two Super Bowl victories (XLII, XLVI), and was a two-time MVP in the Super Bowl.
"I went through the recovery and rehab after suffering the sprain," Manning said to Giants.com. "I was still experiencing some discomfort as I began my normal off season preparation, and after consultation, we felt the right thing was to have Dr. Anderson clean out the ankle. The doc tells me I should be running in about six weeks."
It could be that Mannings' ankle is the least of his worries if he doesn't improve next season with his throwing ability, as he's getting up there in age at 33, and the Giants can't afford to have a quarterback playing as poorly as Manning did in 2013. The Giants have the No.12 pick in the 1st round in the 2014 NFL draft, and they would be smart to think about using that pick to select one of the top quarterbacks in the draft.
Even if Manning odes turn things around and play well during the 2014 season, he's still soon to be 34, and he likely won't be playing too much longer. The Giants need to draft a quarterback now and start grooming hmi as the eventual replacement for Manning.


text:
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CPSC's Patty Davis shows you the hazards with recently recalled products, including Todson Topeak Baby Seat II bicycle carrier seats, girls' jackets with drawstrings sold at Ross stores and Digital Concepts compact travel
Live Webcasts
Todson Recalls Bicycle Child Carrier Seats Due to Laceration and Fingertip Amputation Hazards
Girls' Jackets Recalled by Louise Paris; Waist Drawstrings Pose Entanglement Hazard; Sold Exclusively at Ross Stores
Sakar International Recalls Battery Chargers Due to Electrocution, Electric Shock Hazard
Interested persons present oral comments to CPSC Commissioners concerning CPSC Agenda and Priorities for FY 2016 and FY 2017.
Interested persons present oral comments to CPSC Commissioners concerning data sources and consumer product-related incident information.
Cada 24 minutos, un niño lesionado termina en emergencias.
Chairman Elliot F. Kaye speaks at the 2015 mid-year meeting of the American Cleaning Institute on June 16, 2015.
Chairman Elliot F. Kaye speaks at the National Drowning Prevention Alliance Conference in 2015.
In this edition of Recall Roundup: Roberta Roller Rabbit recalls children pajama sets, M&M's World stores recalls youth loungewear pants, K.J. Sportswear California recalls Thor pajama sets, and Smooth Industries recalls motocross racing-themed pajamas.
Every 24 minutes, tipped furniture or a fallen TV sends an injured child to the emergency room. CPSC's Anchor It! campaigns urges parents and caregivers to "get on top of it before they do."
The link you selected is for a destination outside of the Federal Government. CPSC does not control this external site or its privacy policy and cannot attest to the accuracy of the information it contains. You may wish to review the privacy policy of the external site as its information collection practices may differ from ours. Linking to this external site does not constitute an endorsement of the site or the information it contains by CPSC or any of its employees.
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The 2010 Fresno State Bulldogs Football Schedule has been posted. Their schedule features games against Cincinnati, Illinois, Ole Miss, Boise State, Hawaii and Nevada.
Listed below are links to the 2010 Fresno State Bulldogs football schedule, tickets and home page:
this team will anybody, and will play there 60 mins to.


text:
Bunny Carnival Land by al3map2Watch
©2009-2016 al3map2
The last time I went to the mall, I saw something that inspired me. The Hermes display window had these hot air balloon models with a bunch of colorful scarves. The hot air balloons reminded me of those carnivals and amusement parks with the ferris wheels, etc. And of course, I always have Robin on my mind, so the hot air balloon will be in the shape of a lovely bunny


text:
ODT Online
ODT /directory
A father shot and killed his 7-year-old son outside a
Pennsylvania gun store in what police described as a tragic
accident, authorities said.
The Pennsylvania State Police are investigating the death as
an accidental shooting and are awaiting the results of the
results of an autopsy.
"It's just a tragedy - it's terrible," Pennsylvania State
Trooper Robert Perrine told the Los Angeles Times. He
declined to comment further.
The shooting occurred on Saturday (local time) in the parking
lot of Twigs Reloading Den in Mercer, Pa. Police said the gun
fired as Joseph Loughrey, 44, and his son Craig were entering
their vehicle.
The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review reported that Loughrey told
police he had emptied the magazine of his 9-millimeter Taurus
handgun, and he didn't know there was a bullet in the
chamber. The gun discharged and his son was struck in the
State police said Loughrey was cooperative and distraught
during questioning, the newspaper reported.
"I know that little kid was everything to him," Mark
McLaughlin, Loughrey's friend and co-worker, told the
State Police Lt. Eric Hermick told the Tribune-Review that
the man could face such charges as manslaughter and
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text:
Wow, a seeking alpha article worth reading on yahoo finance news
Sentiment: Strong Buy
I just read the article again and if anything jumps out at me it is the need for a cash infusion. Increased burn rate outweighs the warrant conversion. Now they can avoid any dilution to shareholders by upfront payments on a licensing agreement with a new partner but it sounds like that is off in the second half of 2014.
Jason hasn't told us anything shockingly new. Despite painting a bright picture for ONVO's future if all the stars align properly (Gee! We didn't summise that?), Napandono ends his article on a down note by saying he wouldn't chase the stock at its current price ($3.97) but would wait for a pullback.
I and others on this board have echoed pretty much the same sentiment about at what price is ONVO perhaps oversold and a good buy. Personally, I think any price below $3.50 is a reasonably safe entry point.
Above that, ONVO poses a risk for the traders among us. If you are like me: i.e. looking at the long term- buying ONVO at today's price probably won't make any significant difference. Again, if all the stars align properly over the next several years, and the technology is approved, ONVO might be $100 stock one day.
In a nutshell: Short term traders looking to get in and out and in and out over and over again, can probably wait for the pullback Napandono mentions to enhance their trading flexibility. Long termers can enter almost anywhere below $6 and feel fairly confident that one day the investment will pay dividends.
Sentiment: Hold
I'm with you on your thoughts and ideas here. $3.50 looks about right as a "re-entry point". To try and day trade or buy on a Monday and sell on a Friday is a coin toss and a very hard way to make money with this stock.
In my view (and this is how I buy and sell this stock), I bought in and held it for several months and got out before the warrants were called as I expected a down trend. I sold at $4.58 and am waiting for another entry point.
Perhaps as a mid term holding (a few months or so), if the stock gets to say: $3.50 and runs to $5 or so, I may cash out again and wait for another opportunity.
It depends on how the stock behaves. Jokingly.......this stock could be "bipolar" with wild mood swings one way.....one day........, and another way the next.
But as a long term investment...........I perhaps feel a bit differently than most here: I think that a company who has had a long term relationship with ONVO, may decide to buy them out. Of course if it's any of the companies involved so far...it could be a bidding war and then..........it's off to the races.
HOWEVER..........if one of these companies somewhere along the way decides to no longer affiliate themselves with ONVO, it wouldn't surprise me to see a MEGA drop in the stock price. It would imply (at least to the average joe) that something is wrong.
In any case.......I believe in this company and I hope that it makes all of our "hopes and dreams" come true.
Thanks for reading..........
One of the most-followed authors on Seeking Alpha. Thank you, Jason Napandono. Good article that makes one assertion I doubt. He said ONVO has the ability to create vascular structure inside printed tissue. This is fantastic if it is true, but the company has publicly stated (previously) that they can't do that yet. If they can, then this is huge.
This month's Scientific American carries an article, "A Sweet Solution for Replacing Organs", which addresses the use of sugar in establishing tissue that will integrate with slivers of an existing vascular system. The article sums up..."These slivers of tissue cannot take the place of a whole organ, but it is easy to see how adding liver, kidney or pancreatic cells on a fully developed vascular network could one day lead to the 3-D printing of larger body parts."
Where u able to find anything out about the ability to create vascular structure inside printed tissue?
Sentiment: Strong Buy
Seeking alpha is just another message board. Depends on which way they are trading that day.


text:
Cellular Modems & Hotspots
PC Magazine provides up-to-date coverage and product reviews of Cellular Modems
Bottom Line: The ZTE Z-917 is one of the most basic hotspots available, but it's an inexpensive gateway to some good T-Mobile LTE deals.
Bottom Line: The Verizon Jetpack AC791L is a fantastic mobile hotspot that doubles as a backup battery.
Bottom Line: TelecomSquare's Mobile WiFi Hotpot provides a functional, if slow, way to stay connected when traveling abroad.
Bottom Line: The My Webspot 4G+ Pocket WiFi offers true LTE connectivity for short trips to Europe.
Bottom Line: The ZTE Spro 2 is part projector, part Android device, and part Wi-Fi hotspot, designed to project content like business presentations and YouTube videos over its 4G LTE connection.
Bottom Line: With strong base performance and an attractive price, the Velocity is a good mobile hotspot value for AT&T subscribers.
Bottom Line: The AT&T Unite Pro is a powerhouse mobile hotspot suited for the most demanding road warriors.
Bottom Line: Skyroam's 3GMate+ offers international broadband, but its data caps, coverage, and hardware quality all need to be improved.
Bottom Line: The Sprint Pocket Wi-Fi is a decent hotspot, but overpriced compared with the competition.
Bottom Line: The ZTE Z915 LTE hotspot gives you the most T-Mobile LTE coverage you can get in a small, affordable device.


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Bernie Fans Send Clear Message On Clinton: 'I Wouldn't Vote For Her For Dog Catcher'The Associated Press
Chick-fil-A Employees Step In When Kids Won't Play With Disabled Boy
A fast food empire strikes back after a little boy was reportedly not included during galaxy night at Chick-fil-A.
Deputy Cries When Stranger Prays For Him During Traffic Stop
When Sheriff Deputy Brandon Wiggins pulled over a truck during a routine traffic stop he never expected it to end in a prayer.
Wasserman Schultz goes from favored to on the outs
Five years ago, Debbie Wasserman Schultz was put at the helm of the Democratic National Committee to usher in a new era for the party
Casual Log Flumer Keeps it Together in Amusing Park Photo
The pictures that get taken on amusement park rides are a source of unending joy. Here's a man on a log flume who laughs in the face of drops and the water that waits below. Patrick Jones (@Patrick_E_Jones) explains.
Brie Larson Will Star As Captain Marvel — And Make History
The studio made the announcement Saturday.
Congressional committee seeks gunman's VA record
The chairman of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs has requested medical records for the former Marine who killed three law enforcement officers in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
A Dallas Cowboys Bus Collided With A Van In Arizona, Killing 4
The four Dallas Cowboys staff members on board were uninjured — those that died in the crash were riding in the van that collided with the bus.
Al Gore Sure Took His Time To Endorse Hillary Clinton
Al Gore announced that he won't be speaking at the Democratic National Convention, though he did encourage his Twitter followers to vote for Clinton.
Have Rob Kardashian & Blac Chyna Broken Up?
It seems there may be trouble in paradise after Rob Kardashian deleted every trace of fiance Blac Chyna off his Instagram account.
Fox News ousts 2 more executives
Four days after Roger Ailes was forced out at Fox, two more executives at the network are fired
Police Reunite Traveler With Lost Turtle In NYC
A turtle found wandering around a busy New York City bus terminal has been reunited with its owner.
Up there: Netherlands, Latvia lead world for people's height
Study says tallest men are in the Netherlands; tallest women in Latvia
Hollywood stars hold climate rally ahead of DNC
More than 1,000 people have joined Hollywood stars including Shailene Woodley, Susan Sarandon and Danny Glover in Philadelphia for a climate rally on the eve of the Democratic National Convention
APNewsBreak: Arkansas execution drug made by Pfizer company
An execution drug that the Arkansas prison system obtained this month through an unknown third party appears to have been made by a subsidiary of Pfizer, even though Pfizer has said it doesn't want its drugs used in executions
Some protest no charges for Arizona officer in shooting
A small group in Arizona is protesting a decision not to charge a police officer in the shooting death of a woman accused of shoplifting and threatening the lawman with scissors
Arkansas Execution Drug Likely From Pfizer Unit
An execution drug that the Arkansas prison system obtained this month through an unknown third party appears to have been made by a subsidiary of Pfizer, even though Pfizer has said it doesn't want its drugs used in executions
Busch turns weekend into clean sweep with Brickyard 400 win
Kyle Busch won the Brickyard 400 on Sunday to make it clean sweep at Indianapolis


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"A heavy snowfall came, and the year drew toward its close. It closed in a half-green twilight, like the half-twilight of the heart." -- Nelson Algren, "Little Lester" from "Entrapment and Other Writings."
On Dec. 31, 2008, he called and they wept.
After a Jim Hendry conference call with Chicago reporters made it official, the women of Chicago, and many of the men too, bade a teary farewell to beloved everyman Mark DeRosa.
DeRosa, who was the public epitome of the selfless, go-get-'em attitude we expect from our athletes, was shipped to Cleveland for a collection of minor league pitchers. It didn't seem that significant at the time. After all, the Cubs had one of the best offenses in baseball to go along with a talented pitching staff.
But it turned out to be the theme of the season, the theme of the year: Bad decisions. It was a move that was evoked so much by a disgruntled fan base, it became almost popular to bash DeRosa as being overrated and unworthy. After all, how many playoff games did the Cubs win with him?
Still, the reasoning would come back to haunt Hendry.
"Nobody likes to lose a guy like [DeRosa]," said Hendry later in the season to the Chicago Tribune. "But there wasn't anywhere else to get left-handed, you know."
DeRosa was exiled for Aaron Miles and Milton Bradley for not being left-handed. It was a shame.
It wasn't Brock-for-Broglio, but it didn't take long for hindsight to kick in. It was on this day the Cubs' die was cast. It was over before it began.
Miles barely batted his weight (.185 average versus 180 pounds), and Bradley acted to his reputation while he hit like Neifi Perez. As albatrosses go, they were expensive. Hendry got rid of both after the season, long after the damage was done.
From the moment the Cubs closed 2008, the city's sporting slogan should have been: "Welcome to 2009. Don't get your hopes up."
It was that kind of sports year in Chicago, full of disappointment, bad decisions and failure. It was the year of Bradley, but it was also the year of Buehrle. It was the year that thousands of provincially proud Chicagoans gathered in Daley Plaza to celebrate the all-but-official landing of the 2016 Olympics, only to watch the International Olympic Committee dismiss Chicago as if it were Palookaville.
In 20 years, some fresh-faced kids will ask you what happened this past year, and you will explain, with a fogged memory, that:
It was the year the Cubs traded for Jay Cutler, who pitched a perfect game and was kicked out of a game by Lou Piniella, and then punched a cabbie coming home from a ribbon-cutting ceremony with John McDonough. All the while, Vinny Del Negro stood nearby, perplexed, as a loose aggregation of tanned women played football in their underwear in the suburbs while Brian Urlacher vented to Patrick Ryan.
Or something like that.
Do you believe in miracles? If so, you better move along. Nothing to see here in the city of slumped shoulders.
Maybe that's not totally true. A few years ago, it seemed like the Blackhawks would need an act of god to turn things around. Turns out, they just needed to put the games on TV and make the playoffs.
On New Year's Day, the Blackhawks, precocious as a pee-wee team, skated at Wrigley Field. It was a marketing man's dream -- the new-era Blackhawks basking in the reflected glory of Chicago history. It didn't snow and the Blackhawks lost the game to Detroit, but it was the real beginning of a wild, life-affirming ride for the franchise, which lost in the Western Conference finals and looks twice as good this season.
When it came to results, it was a year like any other year, no better, no worse. Two teams made the playoffs but neither had a chance to win it all. You don't count on championships in Chicago.
Questions abound as the year draws to a close. Was 2009 Lovie's last stand? Was it the demise of Del Negro? As of Boxing Day, we had no clue.
2009 was Kenny Williams making one blockbuster deal and making another curious one, while his peer on the North Side operated with his hands tied behind his back. His own mistakes and an ownership morass twin accomplices.
The White Sox got Jake Peavy, the Cubs got John Grabow.
Whose town is it again?
2009 was the year the Cubs were finally sold. And still stunk.
2009 was the year the Bears finally got a quarterback. And still stunk.
2009 was the year we lost the Olympics at a great financial cost without ever possessing them. Did we dodge an expensive bullet or miss out at a chance at history? I say the former, but many more rue the latter.
2009 was Michael Jordan returning to the national spotlight and botching his Hall of Fame speech. For some fans, it was a jarring sight, like watching your childhood hero unmasked as a bitter old man.
In late January, the new face of Chicago, Barack Obama, was inaugurated as the president of the United States, and it was unlikely not because of the color of his skin or the unfamiliarity of his name, but because he was a White Sox fan.
The Sox wasted no time linking themselves to the First Fan, even as the team's chairman, Jerry Reinsdorf, donated to the McCain campaign, as well as the winning one.
"We sent along the 'Let's Go, Go-Go White Sox' music," White Sox vice president of communications Scott Reifert, a Hyde Park resident who played up the team's ties to the White House, told me for a story in the Huffington Post Chicago prior to the inauguration. "It would certainly get everyone's attention."
A few members of the White Sox front office made it to D.C. for the inauguration, as did Tiger Woods, who spoke. He wouldn't be in the news much at all the rest of the year.
The Bulls visited Obama during a trip to D.C. and broke out of a slow start to make the playoffs before losing a heartbreaker of a series to the Boston Celtics in May. The progress of last spring has stalled by winter. The Bulls will go big-ticket shopping this summer, with or without their current coach in tow.
While the Bulls dribbled, the Blackhawks soared.
The Hawks enjoyed unprecedented success last spring, a run to the top of the league that was cemented with some strong offseason signings. Hockeytown is trademarked by the Detroit Red Wings, but Chicago has quickly evolved into perhaps the top American market, and we're all better for it, even if we can't tell Marian Hossa apart from Tomas Kopecky.
In January, not long after the Cubs signed Bradley, the Ricketts family was picked by the Tribune to assume ownership of the Lovable Losers. It was great news, right? Cubs fans taking over the team? Too bad it turned the season into one long rain delay.
As the season progressed, each party parried back and forth, passing along rumors and threats through media intermediaries when they weren't banging shoes on the bargaining table, Khrushchev-like.
Some say Sam Zell was at fault. Others, more quietly, say the Ricketts carry some blame for the months and months of negotiating that played a part in the Cubs' moribund season. But you can't blame them for dickering. The Cubs were widely rumored to be a billion-dollar team and wound up going for $850 million. This next year will portend how the family will run Chicago's most romanticized team.
While they both ultimately disappointed, it's unfair to say that both baseball teams had high hopes for 2009. The White Sox broke spring training with medical miracle Jose Contreras and value meal gobbler Bartolo Colon as the fourth and fifth starters. Their third baseman was Josh Fields and Dewayne Wise was in center. The 1939 Yankees they weren't.
Wise would wind up making perhaps the most famous play in White Sox history, a leaping grab of a would-be home run to save Mark Buehrle's perfect game. The unassuming star one-upped his no-hitter from 2007. It was the performance of the year, a special moment in time. But once it was over, things fell apart on the South Side. Buehrle had a miserable post-perfecto season while the team continued to unabashedly celebrate it.
The Sox didn't have much of a choice. You can't market booted ground balls. Late-summer pickups Peavy and Alex Rios spent most of the season injured or in a slump. Gordon Beckham was the only other bright spot.
The Cubs were better suited to a fast start. But Bradley bombed early and Aramis Ramirez busted up his shoulder and things never really got on track. The players destroyed the cumbersome Gatorade machine before it was removed, Ryan Dempster broke his toe climbing a clubhouse fence to celebrate a win, and Alfonso Soriano forgot how to hit, if not hop.
In August, both teams were poised for a fall run, but then it all fell apart instead, and we waited for football season.
That was our final mistake. And it cut the deepest.
Cutler was an August star, the story of training camp. Lance Briggs, once the subject of great conversation, walked up to some reporters and said: "You guys know I'm still on the team, right? I mean, I'm going to have to do a dance for you guys or something." Unintended racial implications aside, it was a great line.
Green Bay was the scene where it went bad. I wore a tie to the Bears' opener. Someone asked me why I was so dressed up. I didn't know it then, but it was for the team's funeral.
Cutler didn't look like the future of the franchise in the opener, throwing three first-half picks in a nationally televised game as Denver laughed and Chicago gasped. The Bears' offense was so disjointed, it was like Cutler was speaking Shanahan and his receivers were hearing John Shoop.
It would become a familiar story. After a brief bump, it was loss after loss, interception after interception. Victory Mondays were scarcer than non-metered parking spaces.
While baseball is amnesiac with every day bringing a new story, football games are singular events and this season was ripe with disappointment. I don't feel sorry for fans as much as I do the players, who willingly mortgage their health for a shot at the glory and a chance at big money. As this season proved, the Bears organization (which to its credit shows uncommon loyalty to veterans) needs an overhaul both in the front office and on the field to make this team competitive.
It wasn't all bad news. Northwestern football is playing in a New Year's Day bowl and the Wildcats' basketball team is turning heads. Illinois basketball could turn a corner. Derrick Rose looks pretty good in Bulls red, doesn't he? Jonathan Toews and Patrick Kane will be here awhile (cabbies beware!). And Joakim Noah, once a Chicago punch line, may be playing himself into the NBA All-Star Game.
Spring training is three months away. The White Sox have reloaded in dramatic, if not surefire, fashion, while the Cubs, in a twist, have stayed pat, because of their trouble in getting rid of Bradley and uncommonly taut purse strings.
What will 2010 bring? Will it produce another 2005 White Sox team or another '85 Bears to be feted for eternity? Will it bring a 2003 Cubs team, so tantalizing and teasing, and so painfully memorable? Will the Blackhawks end the NHL's longest championship drought? Will the Bulls get King James or Prince Dwyane? Will Cutler recover?
The best thing about questions are the answers. And like the proverbial Cubs fan, I can wait 'til next year to find them out.
Jon Greenberg is a columnist for ESPNChicago.com. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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SDCC: "Arrow" Cast & Crew Dish Out Details on Season 5
Comic Books
The Buy Pile
The Buy Pile
The Mission
Comics Should be Good
Comics Should be Good
Robot 6
Spinoff Online
Spinoff Online
Spinoff Online
Jul 23, 17:00pm
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Muncie, IN
Mummy movies used to be all the rage back in the day, with Universal Pictures and Hammer Films each having its own franchise (the former resurrected its property in 1999, and plans to do so again).
Director Grégory Levasseur's found-footage horror fillm The Pyramid marks a new chapter in the subgenre, as a group of archaeologists explores a newly unearthed pyramid that houses a murderous monster.
It's the directorial debut of Levasseur, who wrote the remakes of The Hills Have Eyes and Maniac, as well as P2 and High Tension. Here's the film's synopsis:
The ancient wonders of the world have long cursed explorers who've dared to uncover their secrets. But a team of U.S. archaeologists gets more than they bargained for when they discover a lost pyramid unlike any other in the Egyptian desert. As they unlock the horrific secrets buried within, they realize they aren't just trapped; they are being hunted.
The Pyramid arrives Dec. 5 from Fox.
Stopped reading after "found footage."
Dear Sir, you missed six additional sentences which included a synopsis plus the opening date. I am sorry for your disability. I pray that your literary skills return with haste and the Lord's good-will..
Dear sir, found footage is a over used gimmick by hack directors. I didn't care for it's use when it first came into use and still don't. It's a personal choice for me and has nothing to with my ability to comprehend the English language. I pray that you grow a personality crawl out from under your parents basement and get a life and a clue. Maybe you'll learn that people have different taste in movies and reading material. How's that for literary skills.
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After the success of freeing LUCY from her rope noose... The video of her release went viral! When Discovery Channel came to STuart Cove's DIve Bahamas to film with Eli Roth for shark after dark, Eli trully fell in love with our reef sharks, and especially Lucy's story. While presenting Shark After Dark, he mention us and Lucy and even...
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Jim Holmes
Jim is the Owner/Principle at Guidepost Systems. He's also an Executive Consultant with Pillar Technology. He has been in various corners of the IT world since joining the US Air Force in 1982. He's spent time in LAN/WAN and server management roles in addition to many years helping teams and customers deliver great systems. Jim worked with organizations ranging from start ups to Fortune 100 companies to improve their delivery processes and ship better value to their customers. Jim's worked in many different environments but greatly prefers those adopting practices from Lean and Agile communities. When not at work you might find Jim in the kitchen with a glass of wine, playing Xbox, hiking with his family, or banished to the garage while trying to practice his guitar.
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Essentials Young Guinea Pig
Alfalfa-based Essentials - Young Guinea Pig Food is specially designed to provide high fiber, protein, calcium and energy required for young guinea pigs to thrive. The optimized, balanced protein and stabilized vitamins also help nurture pregnant and lactating animals. Serve Essentials - Young Guinea Pig Food with Oxbow grass hays and treats for complete nutrition.
Crude Protein min 14.00%
Crude Fat min 2.00%
Crude Fiber min 25.00%
Crude Fiber max 29.00%
Moisture max 10.00%
Calcium min 0.35%
Calcium max 0.85%
Phosphorus min 0.25%
Copper (min) 30 ppm
Vitamin A (min) 19
000 IU/kg
Vitamin D (min) 900 IU/kg
Vitamin E (min) 190 IU/kg
Timothy Grass Meal, Soybean Hulls, Wheat Middlings, Soybean Meal, Cane Molasses, Sodium Bentonite, Soybean Oil, Salt, Lignin Sulfonate, Limestone, Yeast Culture (dehydrated), Vitamin E Supplement, Choline Chloride, Zinc Proteinate, Zinc Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Niacin, Copper Sulfate, Selenium Yeast, Vitamin A Supplement, Folic Acid, d-Calcium Pantothenate, Copper Proteinate, Riboflavin Supplement, Manganese Proteinate, Biotin, Manganous Oxide, Thiamine Mononitrate, Magnesium Sulfate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Sodium Selenite, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Cobalt Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Calcium Iodate
While we make every effort to provide you with accurate and up-to-date information, occasionally one or more items on our web site may be mispriced. In the event of a pricing discrepancy, the in-store price shall prevail and be final.


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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Sep 01st, 1996
Running Time: 66
Director: Tom Foster
Company: Paladin Video
Cast: Sasha (I), Chloe James, Georgie Blake
Critical Rating: AA 1/2
Genre: All-Sex
Chloe, a deliciously natural strawberry blonde and her partner Georgie, are both fem and quite adept at on-camera lovemaking. The stop 'n' start nature of the show precludes any real build-up to smashing orgasms, but when they break out the "vegetables" and "whipped cream," this alphabet soup sure looks tasty.
However, if two grown women haven't yet discovered that "K" stands for kiss, and "M" stands for masturbation, no sultry spelling bee is going to elevate their love life.


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Okemo to host Silverheels CupSeptember 11,2013Okemo to host Silverheels Cup
Okemo Mountain Resort will host a downhill skateboarding, streetluge and drift trike race, for the first time ever, Saturday and Sunday.
The competition, named the Silverheels Cup consists of a three-mile race from the summit down Mountain Road. Competitors are expected to race in excess of 50 mph through twists and turns. According to the resorts website, some of the fastest downhill skateboarders in the world will be racing for the top spot on the podium.
Full face helmet and leathers are required.MORE IN This Just InLOS ANGELES As throngs of Pokemon Go players traipse around to real-world landmarks in... Full StoryAs Rutland debates the potential arrival of 100 Syrian refugees, an oft-repeated claim by... Full StoryMONTPELIER After 18 years in the Legislature, Chittenden County Sen. Full Story
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Key art for a teaching series about loving others and being involved with this local church, who devotes significant time and money to community initiatives.
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text: Courtyard by Mariott North WEBSITE ADD TO Trip Planner In-room high-speed internet access, coffee, tea, flat screen cable television, mini-fridge, iron, ironing board, microwave, hair dryer; fitness center. The Bistro offers beverages, coffees, breakfast, appetizers, sandwiches, soups, salads. GROUPS: meeting room available Get Directions Gas Calculator The pet-friendly icon means that any portion or all of the listing accepts pets. Please check with each individual property for rules and regulations. The handicapped accessible icon notates listings that are either partially or fully accessible. Please check with the property or properties you're interested in for specific information. Details Website: http://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/litcn-courtyard-little-rock-north/ Phone: 501-753-2000 Toll Free: 888-236-2427 Fax: 501-812-6281 Address: 4339 Warden RoadNorth Little Rock, AR 72116 Facilities & Features: Lodging Sleeping Capacity: 95 No Smoking Accessible Things to Do In North Little Rock EXPLORE


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Only 2 players for online? Easy(er) ways to get "Striker" & "What Happened?" achives
Easier Striker achievement with only 2 people.
Step 1: The one who wants the achievements has to host, and invite the second player.
Step 2: Player 2 chooses the opposing team.
Step 3: Player 1 has to score a goal (the first one, bouncing off one of the other players if going for the "What Happened?" achievement), or player 2 could knock it in their own goal, which will then leave the puck re-appearing near player 2's side.
Step 4: If player 2 holds still, the computer will briefly stagger off toward the bottom of the screen during the restart. Player 1 can rush in and score a goal right past player 2.
Repeat step 4 until time expires.
This tactic can be used for the What Happened? achievement. Player 2 has to score a goal in their own goal. Then subsequently, player 1 can rush in and score goals by bouncing them off the stationary player 2 and into the goal. These goals won't count towards the Striker achievement though.
Hope it helps a little.
Thanks for the tip. Myself and one other person are attempting to get these knocked out. Would you possibly be available to help with What Happened? We have found that the computer controlled characters are just stupid aggressive!
Time permitting, perhaps this weekend (11/20 or 11/21). But the computer aggressiveness shouldn't be too big a factor for either achievement, it's just a matter of aim so you can bounce the shot off your human opponent's car before it goes in the goal. But if player 2 moves at all, it changes how his computer team mate reacts. So don't let them move until you're achievement pops. It may take several games depending on your aim.
2 players can crank this one out for each other in about 60 min or less, depends on how straight your aim is. Just use the dash option to make sure you get there. This works even if player 2 scores the first goal in his own goal for you as the puck lines up on his side, so technically you have 3 players. 2 on your side, one on the opponents side.
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Read our Riga city guide for information about eating out, things to do and much more.View Riga Guide »
Voted best hostel Riga 2008. Mostly Private Rooms. Top notch kitchen. Large Lounge area Free Internet.Quiet sleeping... More Info »
The recently opened Riga Style Hostel is located in the very city centre close to the Railway station/Central Bus... More Info »
Located in Riga city center, Central Hostel offers relaxed ambient, free shisha, book exchange, free internet More Info »
Your Riga home, cosy & cute. Good for safe play, very good for happy nap. Superbly located in the very heart of Old... More Info »
Dome Pearl Hostel building is the pearl of the Old Riga. It is an amazing Jugendstyle building just near the Dome... More Info »
Voted No.1 hostel in Latvia 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010 & 2009. Aussie owned backpackers in the heart of the old town.... More Info »
Fun, cheap comfortable! Right in a middle of old town, great staff. Free internet and WiFi, free coffee and tea all day! More Info »
Meteors Hostel is located in Riga, 2,5 km from the Old Town and 2,2 km from the beach on Daugava River. Riga Airport... More Info »
Small and cozy hotel&hostel for travellers that love special atmosphere. The original wooden building dates back to... More Info »
Welcome to Tree House! We are small independent hostel situated in the very heart of Riga's Old Town and dedicated to... More Info »
The exquisite and cosy four star hotel 'Garden Palace" opened its door in 2007. The hotel is located in the Old Town... More Info »
Gogol Park Hostel has its own parking lot , which is a rarity for the city centre. 7 spacious, bright bedrooms... More Info »
We are family owned first boutique hostel in Riga. We created Bunka by merging the best things from hotels and... More Info »
The Hotel is situated in the city's historical center, in the heart of the Old Town; vehicle access to the Hotel... More Info »
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While staying in a calm historical courtyard, at the same time you are in the middle of lively neighborhood with lots... More Info »
The 3*** star hotel Konventa Seta (Convent Court) is a historic and unique complex in the very heart of Old Riga.... More Info »
You will be served with a friendly attitude and a homely atmosphere. The main bonus is the low prices. More Info »
Riga is the capital of Latvia. The perfect place for both leisure and business trips. The new hostel "AltA HosteL"... More Info »
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Okay, so by now y'all know how much I loooove breakfast. The future Clumps kids may hate me for it, but a few nights a week, we'll be eatin' breakfast for dinner. It's just a way of life for me. Aside from cooking breakfast, I love going out to eat breakfast. A few years ago I discovered The Flying Biscuit Cafe.
Dear grits in heaven, this place has my entire heart!