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Patent application title: METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A SOLUTION PROCESS FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS
Nicolo' Arich De Finetti (Ferrara, IT)
Basell Poliolefine Italia s.r.l.
IPC8 Class: AC08F200FI
USPC Class:
526 61
Class name: Synthetic resins (class 520, subclass 1) effecting a change in a polymerization process in response to a measurement or test change responsive to pressure or temperature
Publication date: 2010-12-09
Patent application number: 20100311921
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A method for controlling a solution process for the polymerisation of
olefins is disclosed. The method is based on an algorithm that calculates
predicted operating parameters of the process, including calculation of
the extent of reaction (ξ), as a function of the solution density
(π), and then calculation of the whole composition of the solution.
The algorithm resolves a system of equations comprising the equation of
state in the PC-SAFT form, the Lewis-Mayo equation for monomer
incorporation into a copolymer, and the stoichiometry equation. Predicted
parameters are compared to target parameters to detect possible
deviations and implement corresponding compensation in the feed.
1. A method for controlling a solution process for the catalytic
polymerisation of olefins in which one or more monomers are polymerised
in a reactor to form a polymer which is soluble in a solvent present in
the reactor, said process comprising recycling unreacted monomers and
solvent and feeding fresh monomers and solvent in said reactor, the
method comprising:a) measuring the values of a set of operating
parameters, including:(i) temperature (T) of the polymerisation
reactor;(ii) pressure (P) of the polymerisation reactor;(iii) density
(π) of the solution within the polymerisation reactor;(iv) flow rate
of the recycle stream;(v) concentration of monomers in the recycle
stream;(vi) concentration of solvent in the recycle stream;(vii) flow
rate of the fresh monomers fed to the polymerisation reactor;b)
calculating a set of predicted parameters related to the stream
discharged from the polymerisation reactor using the values of the
operating parameters, the predicted parameters comprising:(i) flow rate
of unreacted monomers;(ii) flow rate of discharged solvent;(iii) flow
rate of discharged polymer;c) comparing said values of said predicted
parameters to target parameters defined for optimum operation of the
process to produce a polymer with desired characteristics and
properties;d) detecting possible deviations of the value of said
predicted parameters from the values of the corresponding target
parameters;e) optionally adjusting the flow rate of one or more of said
monomers freshly fed to said polymerisation reactor, and/or of any other
component of the stream fed to said reactor, and/or adjusting the
temperature (T) and/or the pressure (P) of said polymerisation reactor to
compensate for said possible deviations;wherein said calculation of said
predicted parameters is carried out by an algorithm performing
calculation of the extent of reaction (ξ) as a function of the
solution density (π) and then calculating the whole composition of the
solution, said calculation comprising resolution of a system of equations
comprising the equation of state, equations for the relative
incorporation of monomers into a copolymer, stoichiometric equations and
transformation equations.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predicted parameters further comprise the concentration of polymer in the reactor.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predicted parameters further comprise the flow rate of the incorporated monomers.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein step e) comprises adjusting the flow rate of the catalyst or catalyst component.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resolution of a system of equations comprises the resolution of the equation of state in the PC-SAFT form.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resolution of a system of equations comprises the resolution of the Lewis-Mayo equation.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the monomers polymerised in said reactors comprise ethylene and propylene.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of monomers in the recycle stream measured at step a) vi) of said method is the concentration of ethylene and propylene.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of unreacted monomers calculated at step a) i) of said method is the flow rate of unreacted ethylene and propylene.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information related to said operating parameters measured at step a) is processed via a control system which generates output information transmitted to a unit performing a calculation of said predicted parameters according to said algorithm by means of a computer program.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the control system is a Distributed Control System.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the language of said computer program is Visual Basic.
[0001]This application is the U.S. national phase of International
Application PCT/EP2008/064087, filed Oct. 20, 2008, claiming priority to
European Patent Application 07119703.2 filed Oct. 31, 2007, and the
benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No.
61/001,343, filed Nov. 1, 2007; the disclosures of International
Application PCT/EP2008/064087, European Patent Application 07119703.2 and
U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/001,343, each as filed, are
incorporated herein by reference.
[0002]The present invention relates to a method for controlling a solution process for the polymerisation of olefins. In particular, the invention relates to a method for controlling a process to produce olefin copolymers carried out in the presence of a solvent.
[0003]The production of olefin copolymers is carried out by a variety of processes, including gas-phase, slurry and solution polymerisation processes.
[0004]Solution processes are characterised by the use of a suitable solvent in which the (co)polymer formed by the polymerisation reaction is continuously dissolved. In some cases the solvent is the monomer itself, for example when polybutene is formed by polymerising liquid butene-1. In other cases the solvent is a hydrocarbon other than the monomer(s), as in case of production of ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPR or EPDM).
[0005]In the production of solid polymers by continuously polymerising olefin monomers in solution it is desirable to control the polymerisation reaction so as to provide polymers having constant and target physical properties. Any deviation from a set of conditions known to produce the desired product would inevitably result in a large amount of off-specification product.
[0006]US 2007/0019191 A1 discloses a method of monitoring a solution polymerisation process using Raman spectroscopy to determine various properties of the reaction mixture. One or more Raman probes are inserted in the polymerisation reactor, in the discharge line and/or in a sampling apparatus designed to continuously extract a stream of polymerisation material. Compositional values and a variety of characterisation values may be determined, which are then compared via a processor with baseline data to ensure that the polymerisation material of the polymerisation system is within acceptable operating specifications.
[0007]In the method disclosed in the document above, however, sampling and analysing devices and special care are required to implement successfully the Raman spectroscopy monitoring technique. The sampling apparatus may need a pump to ensure a continuous flow of material from the reactor, and the temperature surrounding the probe is to be accurately controlled to compensate for the shift in the scattered radiation. Also, it may be necessary to compensate for signal interference (noise), so that implementation of the method is rather expensive.
[0008]Thus, the need is felt for a method for controlling a solution process for the polymerisation of olefins which is reliable, simple, and does not require use of special apparatuses to analyse and determine characteristics of the polymerisation mixture or of the (co)polymer produced.
[0009]Therefore the present invention relates to a method for controlling a solution process for the polymerisation of olefins in which one or more monomers are polymerised in a reactor to form a polymer which is soluble in a solvent present in the reactor, said process comprising recycling unreacted monomers and solvent and feeding fresh monomers and solvent in said reactor;
[0010]said method being characterised by comprising the following steps: [0011]a) measuring the values of a set of operating parameters, including: [0012](i) temperature (T) of the polymerisation reactor [0013](ii) pressure (P) of the polymerisation reactor, [0014](iii) density (ρ) of the solution within the polymerisation reactor; [0015](iv) flow rate of the recycle stream; [0016](v) concentration of monomers in the recycle stream; [0017](vi) concentration of solvent in the recycle stream; [0018](vii) flow rate of the fresh monomers fed to the polymerisation reactor; [0019]b) using the values of said operating parameters to calculate a set of predicted parameters related to the stream discharged from the polymerisation reactor; including: [0020](i) flow rate of unreacted monomers; [0021](ii) flow rate of discharged solvent; [0022](iii) flow rate of discharged polymer; [0023]c) comparing said values of said predicted parameters to target parameters defined for optimum operation of the process to produce a polymer with desired characteristics and properties; [0024]d) detecting possible deviations of the value of said predicted parameters from the values of the corresponding target parameters; [0025]e) optionally adjusting the flow rate of one or more of said monomers freshly fed to said polymerisation reactor, and/or of any other component of the stream fed to said reactor, and/or adjusting the temperature (T) and/or the pressure (P) of said polymerisation reactor to compensate for said possible deviations; [0026]wherein said calculation of said predicted parameters is carried out by an algorithm performing a calculation of the extent of reaction (ξ) as a function of the solution density (π) and then calculating the whole composition of the solution, said calculation comprising resolution of a system of equations comprising an equation of state, equations for the relative incorporation of the monomers into the copolymer, stoichiometric equations and transformation equations.
[0027]The process control method according to the present invention is applicable to solution processes for the polymerisation of olefins, particularly to solution processes to produce copolymers from two or more comonomers carried out in the presence of a solvent for the copolymer product.
[0028]An embodiment of a flow diagram for an ethylene-propylene copolymerisation process carried out in a cyclohexane solution is schematically represented in FIG. 1.
[0029]With reference to FIG. 1, a stirred tank reactor 10 contains cyclohexane solvent, ethylene and propylene monomers, a catalyst system and other possible ingredients, as is known in the field. The polymerisation process is preferably carried out at a pressure of from 5 to 100 bar, and at a temperature of from 40 to 300° C.
[0030]The catalysts used in the polymerisation process are the product obtained by contacting compounds of transition metals belonging to Groups 4-10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements (New Notation) and aluminium alkyl compounds and/or alumoxane compounds. Among them, particularly preferred are the heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts comprising the product obtained by contacting an aluminium alkyl compound, optionally halogenated, with a solid component comprising Ti or V halogenated compound supported on magnesium chloride. Another group of preferred catalysts includes the so called single site catalysts (SSC) product obtained by contacting a transition metal compound (according one of the groups 4-10 mentioned above) containing at least one ancillary ligand different from halogen that remains bonded to the transition metal during polymerization with at least an alumoxane or a another compound able to form an alkyl-metal cation. Among single-site catalysts the preferred classes are represented by metallocenes, chromocenes, constrained geometry catalysts and late-transition metal catalysts all of them being very well known in the art.
[0031]A solution of the ethylene-propylene copolymer is discharged via line 12 to a finishing section where the polymer is separated from solvent and unreacted monomers in three successive devolatilisation stages 14, 16, 18. The solid ethylene-propylene copolymer is discharged via conduit 20 from stage 18. A solvent recovery section comprising three stages 22, 24, 26 is provided, with a cyclohexane make-up line 28 at stage 22. The unreacted fraction of the process stream is recovered through distillation and recycled back to the reaction section via recycle line 30. Make-up monomers are fed through line 32 into recycle line 30 to form a feed introduced in reactor 10 via a feed line 34.
[0032]Monomers start polymerising only in the presence of a catalyst system. The conversion of the reactants is partial. The reactor operating conditions are selected in such a way that the reacting system is one-phase and with a limited viscosity. The polymer solution has to remain such: neither solid polymer nor gas bubbles must segregate from the liquid phase. There is virtually no cyclohexane consumption, while the monomers consumption corresponds quite well to the production.
[0033]The polymer concentration in the reactor plays a key role in process control, but is not a directly measurable variable. According to the invention, a method for controlling the polymerisation process is disclosed, such method being based on an algorithm capable to calculate the polymer concentration from others accessible variables, making thus possible to calculate from such variable not only the reactor production, but also the concentration of all substances that determine the properties of the final product. The method of process control according to the present invention and the algorithm on which the method is based are described below.
[0034]The reactor feed 34 is a mixture of monomers and solvent. In reactor 10 only a fraction of the monomers turns into polymer.
[0035]The process control method of the invention is based on an algorithm for the resolution of a system of equations which is based on the finding that once the operating conditions of the reactor 10 (i.e. temperature and pressure) and the flow rates of all components in the feed stream 34 have been fixed, all properties of the reactor depend on the variable commonly called extent of reaction ξ.
[0036]In details, polymer concentration, incorporated monomers, bath composition, solution density, and the flow rates of all components in the discharge streams 12, depend on the extent of reaction which is a variable of paramount importance in the algorithm.
[0037]The system of equations basically describes the relationship between the extent of reaction and the reactor density. The system consists of four groups of equations: an equation of state, equations for monomer incorporation, stoichiometric equations and transformation equations. Hereinbelow, the equations of the system and the algorithm for its resolution are described in detail.
[0038]The single components of the solution process that included in the equations are indicated with letters: A, B and C denote monomers; S stays for solvent and P for polymer.
[0039]The Equation of State is one of the equations of the system. Several equations of state describing accurately enough a polymer solution reacting system to be controlled area available. According to the present invention it is preferred to use the PC-SAFT (Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory) equation of state which represents the state of the art. Said equation is able to describe accurately volumetric and thermal properties, as well as phase equilibria, of systems with different molecules, small and large, polymers included. This applies especially for the liquid phase and in the region of the critical point. The PC-SAFT equation of state has quite a complex form, but embodies only three unary parameters and one binary parameter.
[0040]The equation has a solid theoretical base. In fact, the binary interaction parameters do not generally depart much from zero, the default value, or vice versa, setting them to zero, a good accuracy is already obtained.
[0041]It is also possible to use the equation with polymers having a broad molecular weight distribution. For this purpose, a suitable mixture of pseudocomponents equal to the reference polymer but with different molecular weight is to be considered.
[0042]An extension of the equation of state to copolymers is implemented and available in the package Polymer Plus of the process simulator Aspen.
[0043]The expression of the PC-SAFT equation of state and the unary parameters of conventional compounds can be found in Gross, J.; Sadowski, G. (2001). Perturbed-Chain SAFT: An Equation of State Based on a Perturbation Theory for Chain Molecules. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 1244-1260. Unary parameters of polymer segments are listed in Gross, J.; Sadowski, G. (2002), Modeling Polymer Systems Using the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Equation of State, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 1084-1093; and Kouskoumvekaki, I. A.; von Solms, N; Lindvig, T.; Michelsen, M. L.; Kontogeorgis, G. M. (2004), Novel Method for Estimating Pure-Component Parameters for Polymers: Application to the PC-SAFT Equation of State, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 2830-2838. The latter source is the preferred one according to the present invention. As most equations of state are, also the PC-SAFT one is explicit in the pressure variable:
[0044]This means that, for a homogeneous polymer system, pressure P depends on temperature T, density ρ, composition of system z and composition of the polymer X.
[0045]If the system comprised several polymers, the composition of all of them should be reported in the argument list of the EOS function.
[0046]z and X are both vectors of molar fractions, but the former refers to the components of the system, polymer included, while the latter refers to the monomers incorporated into the polymer.
[0047]The algorithm uses one inverse function of the equation of state:
[0048]As the reaction system concerned is always one-phase, the isotherms are strictly increasing and this condition makes the inversion calculation always possible. In the iterative procedure for the inversion, the pressure function was approximated with parabolas in order to have a faster convergence.
[0049]Both the PC-SAFT equation of state and its inverse function were implemented, according to know procedures, in Visual Basic for Applications.
Equations for Monomer Incorporation
[0050]These equations describe the term X present in the Equation of state. In the open literature one various equations are available to describe the relative incorporation of the monomers into the polymer. A reference is for example contained in Ham, G. E. (1964). Copolymerization, High Polymer Series, Vol. XVIII, Interscience, New York.
[0051]The simplest model to describe bipolymerization is the linear law:
[0052]In this formula W and w are the ratios of the molar concentrations of the two monomers, A and B, in the polymer and in the bath respectively:
W = X A X B and w = x A x B . ##EQU00001##
[0053]Capital letters refer to the polymer, small ones to the bath. The proportionality constant RR is called reactivity ratio.
[0054]However, in polymerization baths the concentration of reactants can vary over a broad range the proportional law does not hold any more. In this case, it is preferred to apply according to the present invention the following two-parameter equation of Lewis and Mayo:
W = w r AB w + 1 w + r BA ##EQU00002##
[0055]which has a solid theoretical base: it can be reckoned through either statistics or kinetics. The two parameters rAB and rBA are still called reactivity ratios and have a well defined meaning:
r AB + k AA k AB ##EQU00003##
[0056]and kAB and kAA are the kinetic constants of the step reactions which are the insertion of, respectively, a segment B and a segment A on an end segment A of the growing polymer chain.
[0057]The Lewis-Mayo equation becomes equivalent to the proportional law when
rAB=RR and rBA=1/RR.
[0058]Once the variable W has been determined either with the linear law or with the Lewis-Mayo equation, one can eventually access to the molar fractions of the monomers incorporated into the bipolymer, solving the system of equations
[0059]with respect to the unknown variables XA and XB.
[0060]The solution of the system is:
[0061]As an example, a chart has been drawn in FIG. 2 applying the Lewis-Mayo equation for the bipolymerization of ethylene (A) and propylene (B). The used couple of reactivity ratios were estimated from bench scale tests for a Ziegler-Natta catalyst: rAB=6.785 and rBA=0.185.
[0062]Terpolymerization is more complex to describe, but the Lewis-Mayo approach can be convincingly and consistently extended to this case. Eventually one gets the following system of equations:
{ X A : X B : X C = x A ( x A r CA r BA + x B r BA r CB + x C r CA r BC ) ( x A + x B r AB + x C r AC ) : x B ( x A r AB r CA + x B r AB r CB + x C r CB r AC ) ( x A r BA + x B + x C r BC ) : x C ( x A r AC r BA + x B r BC r AB + x C r AC r B C ) ( x A r CA + x B r CB + x C ) X A + X B + X C = 1 ##EQU00006##
[0063]It must be solved with respect to the unknown variables XA, XB and Xc.
[0064]Six reactivity ratios appear as constants in the equation system, namely: rAB, rBA, rAC, rCA, rBC, rCB. They are related to the three bipolymerization couples: A and B, B and C, A and C. The whole set of reactivity ratios is indicated shortly as the vector r.
[0065]If the three terms on the right side of the proportional relationship are respectively named GA, GB and GC and considered as components of the vector G, the solution of the system can be written as:
Q = i .di-elect cons. I G i ##EQU00008##
and Iε{A, B, C}.
[0066]A routine was implemented in Visual Basic for Applications for the calculation of the composition of the polymer being produced.
[0067]In detail, given the concentrations of the monomers in the bath and the reactivity ratios, the routine calculates the composition of the polymer.
[0068]The approach followed was the one of Lewis-Mayo for terpolymerization because it is the most general.
[0069]It is useful to summarize the calculation performed by the routine with the function
[0071]X is the vector of the molar fractions of the monomers in the polymer,
[0072]x is the vector of the molar fractions of the monomers in the bath,
[0073]r is the vector of reactivity ratios.
Stoichiometric Equations
[0074]The stoichiometric equations state what the monomeric composition of the bath is as the polymerization advances. They can be written in vectorial form:
x = x 0 - X ξ 1 - ξ ##EQU00009##
[0075]In the stoichiometric equations appears the variable extent of reaction ξ, which plays a key role in the algorithm.
[0076]The extent of reaction ξ is the molar concentration in the feed of the polymerizing segments, i.e. the ratio of the moles of polymerized monomers to the moles of solvent and monomers already polymerized and still free in the bath.
[0077]In addition to the extent of reaction, there is other new notation in the stoichiometric equations. The vector x lists the molar fractions of the monomers in the bath and the suffix 0 refers to the feed.
[0078]One recognizes now that ξ can vary from 0 (no polymerization) up to xA0+xB0+xC0 (total consumption of the monomers).
[0079]It may turn out helpful to introduce also the specific extent of reaction:
[0080]Ψ has the advantage that it varies between 0 and 1.
[0081]The stoichiometric equations are closely linked together with the monomer incorporation equations and must be solved together.
[0082]Substituting the former into the latter, a new vectorial relationship is obtained:
X = INC ( x 0 - X ξ 1 - ξ , r ) ##EQU00010##
[0083]This is a parametric system of as many equations as the monomers are, the unknown variables being the components of the vector X, i.e. the molar fractions of the incorporated monomers into the polymer.
[0084]Vectors x0 and r are known variables and the extent of reaction ξ is the parameter. A special routine was implemented in Visual Basic for Applications to solve it. The technique applied for the resolution of the non-linear system was the iterative Newton-Raphson method.
[0085]The solution of the vectorial equation may be considered as a function. It is now available and has the form:
[0086]Important results can now be drawn. Once the feed and the reactivity ratios are specified, the composition of the polymer is a function of the extent of reaction only.
[0087]Of course the same holds for the monomer concentration in the bath. In fact, the new function can be usefully substituted into the stoichiometric equations:
x = x 0 - CORE ( ξ , x 0 , r ) ξ 1 - ξ ##EQU00011##
[0088]It may be instructive to examine an example.
[0089]By way of example, FIG. 3 shows a chart of the functions xA(ξ), xB(ξ), XA(ξ) built when XA0=0.2, XB0=0.4, rAB=6.785 and rBA=0.185. The function xB(ξ) has not been drawn because XB(ξ)=1-XA(ξ).
[0090]In the example A is ethylene and B is propylene.
[0091]It is confirmed that ethylene, even if less concentrated, is more reactive that propylene is. Due to the different reactivity of the two monomers, the propylene concentration in the bath, when increasing the extent of reaction, first rises, then diminishes, showing a maximum, not bordered.
[0092]If the feed is not adjusted, a runaway produces a polymer richer in propylene, i.e. the incorporated ethylene diminishes.
[0093]The monomers simultaneously run out at the end, when the specific extent of reaction reaches unity.
Transformation Equations
[0094]These equations, which are the last group of the system, deal with two problems.
[0095]At first instance they allow to transform the intensive variables that have been considered so far, into inputs and outputs of the algorithm having an extensive nature. In details, the algorithm receives and produces flow rates of all components in the feed and discharge streams.
[0096]As a second aspect, the transformation equations convert in equivalent terms the information of the system composition which is used in all equations but in different forms.
[0097]Monomer incorporation equations and stoichiometric equations link together the monomer composition vectors x and X referring to bath and polymer respectively, while the equation of state counts also the system composition vector z among its arguments.
[0098]If f is the molar flow vector of the feed, then the composition of the feed can be written as:
x i 0 = f i j .di-elect cons. J f j .A-inverted. i .di-elect cons. I = { A , B , C } ##EQU00012##
[0099]Even if simple, it is useful to write this formula in a form that underlines the dependence of the variables:
[0100]If N is the molar flow vector of the incorporated monomers and n is the molar flow vector of all system components (monomers, solvent and polymer), then one can reckon the following mass balance equations:
N = j .di-elect cons. J f j ξ X with J = { A , B , C , S } ##EQU00013## n i = f i - N i .A-inverted. i .di-elect cons. I ##EQU00013.2## n S = f S ##EQU00013.3## n P = N MW PMW ##EQU00013.4##
[0101]where MW is the vector of the molecular weights of the monomers and PMW is the molecular weight of the polymer.
[0102]It is well known that the molecular weight of a polymer has a negligible effect on the volume properties of the polymer system it is part of. The constant PMW can be then selected freely, provided it is higher than, for example, 100000.
[0103]The dependence of the involved variables is therefore summarized:
[0104]If z is the molar flow vector of the discharge, then the composition of the discharge can be written as:
z = n k .di-elect cons. K n k with K = { A , B , C , S , P } ##EQU00014##
[0105]Even if simple, it is useful to write this formula in a form that underlines the dependence of the variables:
[0106]All elements are now available to write down the system of equations describing the reacting system.
{ P = EOS ( T , ρ , z , X ) X = INC ( x , r ) x = x 0 - X ξ 1 - ξ x 0 = FEED ( f ) n = TRANS ( ξ , X , f 0 , MW , PMW ) z = DISCHARGE ( n ) . ##EQU00015##
[0107]The equations of the system are both scalar and vectorial. Several variables are involved in the system.
[0108]Pressure P, temperature T and density ρ of the polymer solution are measured. This applies also for the vector f listing the feed flow rates of all components.
[0109]The reactivity ratios collected in vector r, the molecular weights of the monomers in vector MW and the polymer molecular weight PMW are known a priori.
[0110]The system can be then solved with respect to the unknown variables x0, x, X, ξ, n, z.
[0111]In details, the two vectors n and X completely describe the discharge stream of the reactor.
[0112]The presented system of equations may be theoretically solved as such. Nevertheless, the best practice in numerical computation recommends it be split into smaller ones, whenever possible. This rule typically reduces the computational time.
[0113]It is shown here the algorithm to solve the system of equations.
[0114]It is convenient to write the equations of the system in a different order and in other forms, all of them already presented.
{ x 0 = FEED ( f ) X = CORE ( ξ , x 0 , r ) n = TRANS ( ξ , X , f , MW , PMW ) z = DISCHARGE ( n ) ρ = EOS - 1 ( T , P , z , X ) x = x 0 - X ξ 1 - ξ ##EQU00016##
[0115]The first five equations are functions and can be substituted, one into the following so that the new following function can be obtained:
[0116]all arguments of which are known, except the extent of reaction ξ.
[0117]The behavior of the new function can be guessed.
[0118]When the extent of reaction increases, light components, such as the monomers, disappear and a heavy component, such as the polymer, appears. The composition change causes the polymer solution to get thicker.
[0119]The function MAIN is thus strictly increasing and can undergo inversion with respect to the extent of reaction:
[0120]Routines can be implemented in Visual Basic for Applications for the calculation of the two functions.
[0121]The calculation of the function MAIN is obtained just through composition of already available functions; The calculation of the inverse function MAIN-1 is obtained via the applied computational technique based one the bisection method.
[0122]The equation system can be eventually written in the last form.
{ ξ = MAIN - 1 ( T , P , f , ρ , MW , PMW , r ) x 0 = FEED ( f ) X = CORE ( ξ , x 0 , r ) n = TRANS ( ξ , X , f , MW , PMW ) z = DISCHARGE ( n ) x = x 0 - X ξ 1 - ξ ##EQU00017##
[0123]The form is such that all unknown variables can be calculated, one after the other, just through direct calculation and substitutions.
[0124]In all equations presented, mole basis have been used for flows and fractions. Of course it may be easily changed into mass basis.
[0125]f: feed molar flow, kmol/s
[0126]f: vector of feed molar flows (index base J)
[0127]G: term of the terpolymerization proportion,--
[0128]G: vector of the terms in the terpolymerization proportion (index base I)
[0129]k: kinetic constant
[0130]MW: molecular weight of a monomer, kg/kmol
[0131]MW: vector of the molecular weights of the monomers (index base I)
[0132]n: molar flow in the system, kmol/s
[0133]n: vector of molar flows in the system (index base K)
[0134]N: molar flow of polymerized monomer, kmol/s
[0135]N: vector of molar flow of polymerized monomers (index base I)
[0136]P: pressure, Pa
[0137]PMW: polymer molecular weight, kg/kmol
[0138]Q: parameter,--
[0139]r: reactivity ratio in the Lewis-Mayo equation,--
[0140]r: vector of reactivity ratios (index base: AB, BA, AC, CA, BC, CB)
[0141]RR: reactivity ratio in the proportional law,--
[0142]T: temperature, K
[0143]w: molar ratio of monomer A to monomer B in the bath, kmol/kmol
[0144]W: molar ratio of monomer A to monomer B in the polymer, kmol/kmol
[0145]X: molar fraction in the polymer, kmol/kmol
[0146]X: vector of molar fractions in the polymer (index base I)
[0147]x: molar fraction in the bath, kmol/kmol
[0148]x: vector of molar fractions in the bath (index base I)
[0149]z: molar fraction in the system, kmol/kmol
[0150]z: vector of molar fractions in the system (index base K)
Greek Letters
[0151]ρ: density μmol/m3
[0152]ξ: extent of reaction, kmol/kmol
[0153]Ψ: specific extent of reaction,--
[0154]A: referring to monomer A
[0155]B: referring to monomer B
[0156]C: referring to monomer C
[0157]i: index for a monomer
[0158]j: index for a component of the feed
[0159]k: index for a component of the system
[0160]S: referring to the solvent
[0161]P: referring to the polymer
[0162]0: referring to the feed
[0163]-1: inverse function
Implementation of the Control System
[0173]A chemical plant is typically controlled through a network of processors called Distributed Control System (DCS). The DCS exchanges information with the field by means of input and output modules. Input modules receive information from input instruments (sensors of temperature, pressure, level, etc.) and output modules transmit information to output instrumentation (actuators of valves). Proprietary protocols are used for communication among processors and between processors and modules.
[0174]In a process, a variable may be controlled through manipulation of another proper variable by means of a controller. The system of the controlled variable, the manipulated variables and the controller is called control loop. DCS processors may manage several controllers. Operators may access process parameters managed by the DCS trough workstations. In the DCS environment, a tag is given to all process parameters. The DCS may have also an Application Processing Platform to exchange information with other systems for data elaboration.
[0175]Visual Basic (VB) is a programming language. Programs can be coded in Visual Basic as executables files.
[0176]Microsoft Office Excel (or shortly Excel) is a spreadsheet application. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables and a macro programming language called VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), a derivative of VB. An Excel file appears to the user as a workbook consisting of several worksheets. Both products are written and distributed by Microsoft for the operating system Microsoft Windows.
[0177]The algorithm used in the method of the invention was implemented in an Excel file. The routines and functions described were coded as macros in VBA and properly called from the cells of one worksheet. In another worksheet of the Excel file, tags and values of operating and predicted parameters were listed. The Excel file may run stand-alone. As soon as one inputs the values of the operating parameters, upon calculation, the predicted variables are adjourned.
[0178]A VB executable file was prepared for the data exchange between the plant DCS and the Excel file and the calculation of the Excel file.
[0179]The communication of real-time data is based on the standard OPC, which stands for OLE for Process Control. In turns OLE means Object-Linking and Embedding.
[0180]In details, the VB executable file performs the following actions:
[0181]1. To read the tags of the operating and predicted parameters from the Excel file.
[0182]2. To fetch the values of the operating parameters in the DCS.
[0183]3. To put the values of the operating parameters in the proper cells of the Excel file.
[0184]4. To calculate the workbook with all VBA macros.
[0185]5. To fetch the values of the predicted parameters in the proper cells of the Excel file.
[0186]6. To store the values of the predicted parameters in the proper location of the DCS.
[0187]The example refers to the production of an ethylene/propylene copolymer with 12% wt of ethylene.
[0188]The reactivity ratios for the ZN catalyst employed were the following: rAB=0.758, rBA=0.185.
[0189]A recipe was prepared with predicted values for the chemical composition of the bath corresponding to the conditions required to obtain a desired product. The recipe is shown in Table 1 below, where C2.sup.- and C3.sup.- stand for ethylene and propylene, respectively.:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Recipe for ethylene/propylene copolymer in cyclohexane solution PRODUCT C2.sup.- bound in copolymer 12 wt % Melt Index L (230° C.; 2.16 kg; 1.5 dg/min 3.04 kg/cm2) Intrinsic viscosity 2.2 dg/min PROCESS CONDITIONS Catalyst system Ziegler/Natta + aluminum trialkyl Temperature 100° C. Pressure 35 barg Solvent Cyclohexane Density of the solution 625 kg/m3 Polymer concentration 20 wt % Monomer concentration 35 wt % Flow rate of C2.sup.- discharged 0.83 kg/h Flow rate of C3.sup.- discharged 34 kg/h Flow rate of Cyclohexane discharged 65 kg/h Polymer production 25 kg/h
[0190]The recipe shows the target values for the most meaningful operating parameters, such as flow rate of C2.sup.-, C3.sup.-, cyclohexane and polymer discharged from the reactor. These target values are to be maintained during operation of the process to produce a copolymer with the desired properties and characteristics.
[0191]Once the process was started up and a steady run of the reactor was established, the algorithm described above performed a calculation of predicted operating parameters using few measured parameters. In a run of the process to make a copolymer according to the recipe above, the following operating parameters were measured and the following values were detected:
TABLE-US-00002 (i) temperature (T) of the polymerisation reactor: 100° C. (ii) pressure (P) of the polymerisation reactor: 35 bar (iii) density (ρ) of the solution within the 626 kg/m3 polymerisation reactor: (iv) flow rate of the recycle stream 87 kg/h (v) concentration of ethylene in the recycle stream 0% wt (v) concentration of propylene in the recycle stream 25% wt (vi) concentration of cyclohexane in the recycle stream 75% wt (vii) flow rate of fresh C2- fed to the polymerisation 2.5 kg/h reactor (vii) flow rate of fresh C3- fed to the polymerisation 35 kg/h reactor
[0192]Density, concentration of monomers in the recycle stream and flow rates were measured with Coriolis Mass Flowmeters "OPTIMASS" manufactured by Krohne Ltd.
[0193]The calculations performed by the algorithm gave the values reported below for the predicted parameters:
TABLE-US-00003 (i) flow rate of unreacted C2- 0.53 kg/h (i) flow rate of unreacted C3- 34 kg/h (ii) flow rate of discharged solvent 65 kg/h (iii) flow rate of discharged polymer 25 kg/h
[0194]The predicted values showed a deviation from the target values. In particular, the predicted value for the flow rate of unreacted C2- was 0.53 kg/h, namely it was lower than the target value of 0.83 kg/h.
[0195]The monitoring team in a control room detected this deviation and performed a change in the feed to compensate for such deviation. In this case the change was the increase of the flow rate of the fresh C2- in such a way that the predicted flow rate of the unreacted C2- reached the target value.
[0196]The example above shows that the method for controlling a solution polymerisation process according to the invention allows to produce a polymer with desired properties and characteristics, and to maintain stable such characteristics during the entire run of the plant, by measuring and/or detecting a few parameters that are easy to measure or detect. In particular, when steady operation is reached, the method of the invention does not require to carry out any chemical analysis of the polymer produced or of the bath or of both, and does not require that samples of the polymer or of the bath or of both are withdrawn from the reactor to undergo any chemical analysis or other physical investigation, either online or offline. In particular, the density of the solution is measured by means of commercial instruments or devices, as described above.
Patent applications by Nicolo' Arich De Finetti, Ferrara IT
Patent applications by Basell Poliolefine Italia s.r.l.
Patent applications in class Change responsive to pressure or temperature
Patent applications in all subclasses Change responsive to pressure or temperature
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Hi, I am not beeing able to connect the 'Social' plugin to either of Facebook or Twitter accounts.
When trying to connect it everything seems to be ok, it sends me to each socail profile and requests permissions etc. but after ending the process NO account appears to be connected in the plugin's configuration settings.
Don't know what can be wrong, I have tried Firefox and Chrome and deletting cookies, history, etc. I'm guessing it can be something with the PHP server's permissions.
Any one has any idea what can be wrong?
Alejandro Robles


text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Tony Soprano is the acting boss of the DiMeo Crime Family based in New Jersey. He takes control of the family after his uncle Corrado "Junior" Soprano is arrested by the F.B.I. Tony Soprano also has some legitimate businesses from waste management to a gentleman's club that he runs. He is played by actor James Gandolfini.


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there is a way to disable the new post the plugin is making for every image in gallery?
my website gone from 20 pages to 120 pages (on google) because of all the image posts.
another question: how can I disable the add comments option in the image post page?


text:
Hello there!
I can't seem to get the "Pin It" button to work for the images in my Site's wp-content/uploads folder. I click the Pin It button, and a Pinterest window pops up, but once I click Pin It on the new window I get the the following error message:
"Whoops! Sorry we could not fetch the image."
I followed the FAQ i.e. disabling other plugins, refreshing the cache, switching to a basic theme and still no avail.
However, it does work on images hosted elsewhere e.g. Instagram. I'm wondering if this is a permissions issue or perhaps something else?
I have WordPress 3.5.2 installed on my Site and Version 1.4.3 of the Pinterest "Pin It" Button Plugin.
Please advise! Thank you.


text:
Canadian Library Association McGill Student Chapter
Our mission is to help McGill SIS students become active in the professional library community before graduation. The CLA McGill Student Chapter acts as a liaison between McGill SIS students and the Canadian Library Association (CLA). We also encourage scholarly achievement and professional awareness of national issues in library and information studies.
SLA Student Group Executive
Meet the SLA Student Chapter 2015-2016 Executive!
Co-President: kimberly [dot] geraldi [at] mail [dot] mcgill [dot] ca (Kim Geraldi)
Co-President: min [dot] hannaford [at] mail [dot] mcgill [dot] ca (Min Hannaford)
ABQLA Events
March 2009
Tour of Cabane à Sucre/Sugar Shack, Sunday March 29, 2009
An afternoon of 'Maple fun' for Montreal's Information Studies students, staff, faculty members and friends is scheduled for March 29th, 10:30am-3:30 pm, at La Goudrelle, Mont St-Gregoire. Contact emilie [dot] paquin [at] mail [dot] mcgill [dot] ca (Émilie Paquin) for more information.


text:
Hey folks,
got a little problem here.
I try to upload a picture as a watermark. I click on "Select Image" and than I choose the picture from my harddrive and upload it. afterwards it won't be show up in the preview.
When I do it again but select it from my media library I get to the same result.
any ideas?


text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Feb 01st, 1998
Running Time: 78
Company: Dreamland USA
Cast: Bryan Surewood, Altij Deleve, Nikki Neals, Nikki Sinn, Toni James, Morgan Fairlane, Michael Geoniwa, Kyle Stone (straight), Bull Dozier, Randi Storm, Joel Lawrence, Jay Ashley
Critical Rating: AAA
Genre: All-Sex
The concept comes off better than the execution as performers recount and then re-enact various sexual escapades. Nikki Neals, for example, tells of her frustration trying to make Joel Lawrence cum, but the real action, admirable as it is, never quite meets expectations.
With the exception of a Nikki Sinn three-way anal tryst, the remaining three scenes are pretty humdrum, though the production quality is quite solid.


text:
Tustin blotter, Aug. 10 to 16
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text: On Jul 22, 2004, at 12:17 PM, Christophe Rhodes wrote: > Marco Antoniotti <marcoxa@...> writes: > >> On Jul 22, 2004, at 11:24 AM, Alexey Dejneka wrote: >> >>> Let's consider a somewhat more complex example: >>> >>> (defclass foo () ((bar :type fixnum))) >>> (defun fee (x) >>> (1+ (the double-float (slot-value (the foo x) 'bar)))) >>> (defclass foo () ((bar :type double-float))) >>> >>> I agree that a complain for FEE would be good, but what should >>> (FEE <some-foo>) do? >> >> It should work as expected. The ftype of FEE is arguably >> >> (function (foo) double-float) >> >> (if I remember contagion rules correctly) >> >> However, while compiling FEE I could expect the mythical >> "sophisticated enough compiler" to warn me that as far as it knows at >> that point the special operator THE may have undefined consequences. > > Really? You'd expect that typed slot accessors should statically > assert their return types even given that method redefinition can > later occur? That seems... worrying to me (though, as a spectacularly > aggressive way of being anal about typechecking, it has a certain > appeal from the sbcl side of the fence :-). All in all I want the compiler to letting me know if it thinks I am doing something stupid. This is not necessarily "optimization". The accessor may have the information about how to assert their ftypes. Why not use it? At a certain point T the compiler knows X. When you redefine at time T+h, the compiler knows Y. The compiler telling me that I am an idiot should just reflect X and Y. > In case that's too aggressive, doing this static typechecking > optimization only in the presence of sealed generic functions and > sealed classes might be possible. However, right now I still have one > failing case in even the most basic implementation, so I'll see if I > can work on that for now. As I said, I am more interested in "simple" typechecking rather that "typechecking aimed at optimization". Of course, the second one is a very good thing indeed. As another interesting problem, think of the following (defclass foo () ((bar :accessor bar :type vector))) (defclass zot () ((bar :type string))) (defclass zut (foo zot) ()) What should the FTYPE of BAR be at this point? Cheers Marco -- Marco Antoniotti http://bioinformatics.nyu.edu NYU Courant Bioinformatics Group tel. +1 - 212 - 998 3488 715 Broadway 10th FL fax. +1 - 212 - 998 3484 New York, NY, 10003, U.S.A.


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My colocation provider has setup HSRP for us and has provided us 2 drops (plugged into 1/1/1 and 1/1/2) from their routers as well as a /29 with 2 HSRP IP's and the rest of the /29 usable for the switch.
I know that HSRP should be pretty much plug and play as long as the ports are in the same VLAN.
However I'm confused as to how to the IP setup should work.
Currently I've assigned port 1/1/1 the full /29 however I think this is incorrect because if I were to unplug it port 1/1/2 wouldn't work as it has no IP assignment.
What's the proper way to do this?


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Expect Hillary Clinton to come prepared and Bernie Sanders to emerge as the crowd favorite. Don't underestimate Martin O'Malley, but Joe Biden will remain in third place without even officially entering the race or the debate stage.
At Tuesday's upcoming Democratic Party debate, CNN is not planning to include a single progressive advocate among its panel of four questioners.
As Benigno "NoyNoy" Aquino entered his final year in office, the question of how to assess his legacy has gained greater salience. Both his opponents and supporters have powerful arguments to present.
Magical is the word people most often use to describe Trancoso. I understand why, but that word always makes me wince. I don't quite trust it. The first time I visited Brazil in 2001, a friend in Rio kept telling me how magical Trancoso was.
While many of you likely don't have the time to read right now with finals and papers and all that fun stuff, you should remember this list for the summer time. Here is a list of books I've read and enjoyed that'll help you step outside your literary comfort zone!
If not for its concessions in closing arguments, it's very probable that Hernandez would have walked free. In that sense, there are probably many people who may want to thank the defense.
Jay Quint is the author of the controversial book "Tides of Vanity." This just released memoir will have Anderson Cooper answering questions, instead of asking them! As you can imagine there is quite a buzz around the Gayborhood about this book, so I had to ask Jay "15 Questions."
This week, Jon Stewart announced his retirement from The Daily Show. He'll be missed -- not just because he was funny, but because he told the truth in an era when much of the media wouldn't. Later that same night, 60 Minutes correspondent Bob Simon was killed in a car accident. "There was nothing simple about Bob Simon," said Anderson Cooper. "Except that he was simply the best." The next day, David Carr collapsed and died in the New York Times newsroom. The grace and wisdom he earned the hard way suffused his generous spirit. He never sugar-coated his insights, especially about recovery and redemption. "We all walk this earth feeling we are frauds," he wrote. "The trick is to be grateful and hope the caper doesn't end any time soon." Sadly, with David and Bob Simon, it ended much too soon.
These may be heady questions, but now that we're 15 years into the 21st Century--yes, that's a jawdropper when you think about it--and the future has, basically, arrived, ironically, we find ourselves in the midst of another phenomena: Looking back into the past.
I knew if I took the phone out to turn of the ringer I'd check it, like some automaton Pavlovian finger puppet. The bell rings; I slobber. Have I really been reduced to this? Have I honestly lost the ability to be in the moment long enough to make some breakfast?
Anderson Cooper opened up to '60 Minutes' this week about his experiences with mindfulness. Before he attended a silent meditation retreat, he said t...
Since his highly controversial exchange with Ben Affleck and Nicholas Kristof on October 3rd, Bill Maher has insisted that he's simply stating the unpleasant facts about the Muslim world. But there are two particularly noxious myths that need to be debunked.
When CNN and six other channels suddenly vanished from Dish Network on October 21 due to failed contract negotiations with content provider Turner Broadcasting, I decided to go along with the gag, for one of my masochistic little experiments in customer service.
Attention gay men: You need to vote on November 4. Here are a few campaign highlights as a Gay Man's Guide to the 2014 Elections, because pundits don't know how to explain how important this election is in "gay man's terms." Meet your ballot box divas.
Children are far more sensitive to pollutants than adults. That's why hundreds of doctors signed a petition urging first Bloomberg and now de Blasio not to build a massive garbage site next to an athletic center in Manhattan used by 34,000 city kids.
Most commitments in life come with an escape clause. You can join a group and later decide to leave. You can accept a job and then quit. Deep friendships can slowly fade -- even marriages. But to be asked by someone to participate in the act of creating a child... this was truly sacred.


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BT characters 2 by XamagWatch
©2012-2016 Xamag
Omg the General Waffle looool great designs
ooooh the count is hawt oh mai
Your designs are so awesome! <3 Would love to see a comic in this style *3*
Augughg. You're incredible.
hehee they're awesome~
Really awesome stuff here! Though I have to say, General Waffle's design makes me feel like calling him General Wafer, since in all honesty he does look like one. Good work though! I like all the characterization you were able to put into just a static body-shot and a head-shot.
Awww I already feel bed for General Waffle he's going to get bullied huh?
I love General Waffle.
The Count.
Gosh,the Count.
Xamag,stop being awesome.
Gosh,the Count.
Xamag,stop being awesome.
oh how i love your style!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! <333
amazing! 8DDD <3
I loved General Waffe!! xDD
He's, kinda, too preoccupied? xDD
I loved General Waffe!! xDD
He's, kinda, too preoccupied? xDD
WAFFLES, invented by Ghandi. XD
Wow, they look very interesting. I'd love to see them animated or something. owo
Brilliant, vivid designs.
Imagine private waffle
Loved the concept!
Loved the concept!
I love the Count!!
So fancy~
the cout sorta looks like a male jade
baha this is perfect
General waffle is sooo nice ,that I could totally eat him! Wait,that's not really good ò.ò
Человек-вафелька забавен ХDD
You did great! X3
oh my god general waffle is so cute @w@


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'The Voyage of the Dawn Treader' Tops Weekend Box Office
"The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader" topped at the box office this weekend.
The third installment of a series of movies based on the books by C.S. Lewis, "The Voyage of the Dawn Treader" (Fox) pulled in $24.5 at the box office according to early estimates from Hollywood.com. Final figures are due out on Monday. "The Dawn Treader" opening was the weakest bow in the series so far.
"The Tourist" (Sony/Columbia) a new romantic thriller starring Angelina Jolie and Johnny Depp took in $17 million for the second spot.
"Tangled," the animated movie from Disney, placed third with $14.6 million.
"The competition for the family dollar is pretty stiff out there and with 'Tangled' doing stronger business than expected, this latest installment of 'Narnia' had a tough go in this marketplace," said Paul Dergarabedian, president of the box-office division of Hollywood.com, in an email. "The good news is that ['Narnia'] may hold in there through the holidays by providing another option for families looking for an appropriate film for the kids while out holiday shopping."


text:
Available formats: epub
Terri Branson is an author, an editor, a graphics artist. After earning an associate degree in math and science, she turned to the study of creative writing. She has sold articles on the craft of writing and conducted workshops at local writers groups. BROTHER DRAGON won the EPPIE 2005 Best Children's Book trophy, and COSMIC SCULPTURE won the EPPIE 2004 Best Anthology trophy. Other fiction publications include the paranormal romance MUSK RAIN, the western romance PRAIRIE FIRE, the science fiction novel DRAGON'S DEN. Other children's picture book publications include: A VERY DRAGON CHRISTMAS, PETE THE PEACOCK GOES TO THE ZOO, PETE THE PEACOCK GOES TO TOWN, SCOOTER'S WORLD, TYLER ON THE MOON, and WATCH FOR FALLING ROCK.


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Golden Boy Promotions CEO Richard Schaefer and Top Rank's Bob Arum will meet in Los Angeles on Wednesday to try to hammer out an agreement for Oscar De La Hoya to meet pound-for-pound king Manny Pacquiao on Dec. 6 in Las Vegas.
"I am going to meet with him and if we can work out a deal that is acceptable to Bob, Manny and to us, then we will get the fight done," Schaefer told ESPN.com. "Bob and me have a pretty good track record of making big fights. I will sit down with Bob on Wednesday and I think we will know in a half-hour if we have a deal or not."
De La Hoya (39-5, 30 KOs), boxing's most popular attraction, says that his Dec. 6 HBO PPV match will be the last bout of his career. With Floyd Mayweather Jr. retired, Felix Trinidad unable to get down low enough in weight and Miguel Cotto being stopped by Antonio Margarito last week, Pacquiao is De La Hoya's most likely opponent.
If the fight happens, Pacquiao (47-3-2, 35 KOs), who moved up to lightweight and won a title in his fifth division June 28 when he dominated David Diaz en route to a ninth-round knockout, would move up in weight again to welterweight.
The specific maximum weight for the fight is one of the issues Schaefer and Arum need to work out, although Arum and Pacquiao's trainer, Freddie Roach, have both indicated the 147-pound maximum welterweight limit would be acceptable to them.
"There are some issues we need to talk about," Schaefer said. "There are some deal points which need to be discussed, such as the split of the revenues, the weight. I think the gloves, maybe."
Schaefer pointed out that even though De La Hoya is the naturally bigger fighter, the size difference wouldn't be as dramatic as some think.
"When Manny went on HBO's unofficial scale before he fought Diaz, I think he was 147 pounds," Schaefer said. "Oscar never gains much weight from the weigh-in to the fight."
Arum said he met with Pacquiao in Las Vegas on Tuesday evening so they could get on the same page about their expectations for the deal.
"Manny let me know what he wanted and we explored his participation in the fight with De La Hoya," Arum told ESPN.com. "Now, on Wednesday, I'll sit down with Richard and see if we can hammer out a deal."
De La Hoya once signed Pacquiao to Golden Boy Promotions not knowing he had already signed with Top Rank. The situation resulted in a nasty lawsuit between companies that already had a frosty relationship. But since settling the lawsuit last summer, a deal in which Top Rank became Pacquiao's promoter with Golden Boy retaining a small percentage of his contract, the companies have made several significant fights together.
De La Hoya-Pacquiao would be the biggest. It would also reunite Arum with De La Hoya, whom he promoted for most of his career, for his final bout.
Schaefer said De La Hoya wants to fight Pacquiao, in part because of some negative comments Roach, De La Hoya's former trainer, made about him to ESPN.com a couple of weeks ago.
Roach said he wanted Pacquiao to fight De La Hoya because he believed De La Hoya, at 35, was no longer able to "pull the trigger."
"Oscar really wants to do the fight. You know Oscar," Schaefer said. "He honestly feels that Freddie and Pacquiao have been disrespectful. It's [expletive] for Freddie to say that Oscar can't pull the trigger anymore. Oscar will show them how he can pull the trigger. Pacquiao is being Freddie Roach's puppet and Oscar wants to teach a lesson to them.
"Manny is the best fighter in the world, pound for pound, but Manny will see how Oscar pulls the trigger in the ring and Freddie can sit in the corner and watch Oscar hit him.
"When Oscar read Freddie's comments, he was like, 'What the [expletive] is that?' He feels challenged now. (Golden Boy matchmaker and De La Hoya's close friend) Eric (Gomez) told him it's not an easy fight because Pacquiao is so strong and fast and so relentless. What he's done to Marco Antonio Barrera, Erik Morales, David Diaz -- Manny doesn't just beat them, he destroys them. The only one who has Pacquiao's number a little bit is Juan Manuel Marquez. Manny and Bob know that, which is why the third fight isn't happening. But a fight with Oscar can happen. Oscar gave me clear instructions to make the fight with Pacquiao, not to kill the fight."
Dan Rafael is the boxing writer for ESPN.com.


text:
City The Birds: Part Two
posted by November 22 at 13:11 PMon
A fancy friend in New York City decided to help the poor by volunteering at a soup kitchen. It was her first act of real charity. She served food, sorted clothes, and blogged about the experience here. Out of what she had to say, this particular passage caught my attention—it describes one of her three assigned tasks, "bread duty" :
As the line dwindled down, one woman, Sandra, came by with a huge cart and relieved me of all the bread to - you guessed it - feed the birds. According to Sandra, it's best to hit the lesser known parks, as opposed to Central Park, because the birds in Central Park are quite spoiled when it comes to handouts.
The birds in this picture can be found every morning lining the telephone wires above a food bank on 12th, across the street from Seattle's youth detention center.
The birds are waiting for the poor and homeless to feed them bread. This is all they have to do to gather energy: the food bank opens, the homeless and poor get free bread and buns, and then feed them the surplus. It is an easy life.
But now we must ask a hard question. Why are homeless people often so kind, so generous to birds? And what is this type of generosity that grows from another, higher form of generosity? Do the homeless feed pigeons as a way of soothing the shame of being reduced to a recipient of pity? The pigeons are, at least, begging from them, the beggars. (The pigeons, however, have no pangs of shame—when generosity comes down to them, it meets its end with their panicked pecking.)
We all know nothing is worse than pity. It is the worst because it is a power that pretends that it is not a power. The rich at least are open about their power and are happy to exert it, to make us feel the full force of it. Not with those who take pity on us. They believe they are doing the right thing by giving help—a help which they are in a position to give. The homeless/broken person accepts the help ("this bitter earth"). She eats some of it and then offers what remains, what she doesn't need, to the birds. The homeless person feeds the pigeons because it is an exertion from the last position of power in this society—power over the pigeons.


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Saturday July 30, 2016
Case of the Week
Lucky Lucy Lindstrom's Long Shot Unitrust
Case:Lucky Lucy Lindstrom finished college and headed west. She started as a financial analyst with a large company in Seattle. After just four years, she became a Registered Investment Advisor and began advising clients. Lucy also managed her own investments. With her keen insight into financial markets, Lucy soon began to move from traditional stocks and bonds into futures and commodities markets. Lucy was so successful in these markets that she now manages only her mega-dollar personal portfolio.
Somewhat late in life, Lucy discovered the wonderful world of philanthropy. She volunteered at her favorite charity, and has learned that giving someone in need a helping hand is even more gratifying than making another million in the futures market. After reading in the charity's weekly eNewsletter about a charitable remainder trust, Lucy called Clara Johnson, the gift planner for her favorite charity.
Lucy recently invested $1,000,000 in stock in a Canadian oil "wildcatter" with the name Northern Long Shot, Inc. This company has been drilling a new exploratory well in the far north. Recently, the stock rose from the $1 per share that she paid to over $3 per share. Lucy thinks that the stock could move much higher next year, but she would like to receive a deduction this year. She suggested to Clara that she might fund a unitrust, serve as self-trustee and hold the stock for another two years.
Question:Would this plan work? May Lucy serve as trustee? Is it permissible to hold the highly speculative stock in the unitrust?
Solution:There are several potential obstacles to Lucy's plan. First, it is permissible for Lucy to serve as trustee. The trust document can include provisions to appoint an independent special trustee to handle hard-to-value assets or for other needed purposes. Her favorite charity or a corporate trustee could be successor trustee. Second, a trust administration company can be hired to do the accounting and unitrust tax returns. This service is available for a reasonable 20 to 40 basis points per year.
The key issue is the unitrust investment in the stock of Northern Long Shot, Inc. Unitrusts are generally subject to Sec. 4944 rules on investments that may jeopardize the charitable remainder. Section 4944 imposes a tax on the investments that jeopardize the carrying out of any of the exempt purposes of a private foundation. Reg. 53.4944-1(a)(2)(i) states that an investment shall be considered jeopardizing if the foundation managers have failed to exercise ordinary business care and prudence under the facts and circumstances prevailing at the time the investment is made. While no category of investments shall be treated as a per se violation, certain types of investments, such as investments in futures, require close scrutiny to determine whether the foundation managers have met the requisite standard of care and prudence.
However, there is an exception for jeopardizing investments in property that is transferred to a private foundation or charitable trust by gift or bequest. If the asset is transferred to the private foundation by gift or bequest, then the jeopardizing investment rules do not apply. Reg. 53.4944-1(a)(2)(ii)(a).
While the exception does apply for assets contributed to the unitrust, trustee Lucy should consider her general obligations under federal and state law to act with reasonable prudence. Under this state law standard, she may decide to diversify. However, by holding the Northern Long Shot, Inc. stock, she will be within the requirements of Sec. 4944.
Lucy decided to hold the stock. They did indeed strike oil, just as the price per barrel soared. The stock soared to $10 per share and Lucy sold the Northern Long Shot stock for $10,000,000. She now is thinking about making a large gift from her unitrust to her favorite charity.
Published July 22, 2016
Previous Articles
Lucky Lucy Lindstrom's Unitrust
Stock Unitrust Payouts to Donors
The Values-Based Charitable Remainder Trust


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Cogitate LITE
By Momocat Studios
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
FREE LITE VERSION!!! In Cogitate LITE provides you with 3 puzzles per difficulty setting. First, learn to complete the puzzles. Then try and solve them as efficiently as possible to earn a higher score!
Cogitate is a puzzle game that seriously challenges your powers of logic and speed. It exercises your brain's amazing powers of pattern recognition and logic. Solving each level well will give you an intense feeling of achievement.
- Re-arrange scrambled patterns before the time runs out to reach higher levels.
- Solve as quickly and with as little moves as possible to earn impressive score bonuses.
- Four difficulty levels to keep the most casual to the most hardcore puzzle gamers engaged!
- Funky music soundtrack!
- Cogitate is OpenFeint enabled, allowing you to compete online with your friends and the world! Earn bragging rights in the form of both achievements and placing scores on leaderboards.
iPhone Screenshots
Customer Reviews
Cool Puzzle Game
This is a cool puzzle game. Enjoyed it alot. It could use a few changes that would make it more fun. First off, as far as I can tell it has only 3 levels in the lite version. A few more levels would be a welcome addition. Also, it could use a reset button to reset the challenge back to the starting point. (also an undo-mov would be a welcome addition). After a couple of bad moves you can get hopelessly lost and run out of time. Time is also another issue. The time limit is a nice feature, but a free play mode would be nice (no timer). That way if you really mix it up (on purpose or by accident) you could spend as much time as you want trying to figure it out. Overall, a nice professional looking game with nice sound and graphics.
- Free
- Category: Games
- Released: Dec 04, 2009
- Version: 1.1
- Size: 9.6 MB
- Language: English
- Seller: Sam Coward
- © 2009 Momocat Studios
Compatibility: Requires iOS 3.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.


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James F. Kelly, 81, of Bensalem, a retired Marine who managed three drive-in theaters in the Philadelphia area, died of heart failure on Sunday, Nov. 4, at his home.
Mr. Kelly was born in Philadelphia and raised in the Roxborough section. He attended St. John's High School before joining the Marines about 1950. He was stationed in Hawaii, California, and Virginia.
He served in the Marine Corps for about 20 years, rising to the rank of gunnery sergeant. He was deployed to Korea and Vietnam.
In Korea, Mr. Kelly was one of the "Chosin Few," members of the First Division hailed for bravery as they fought Chinese troops at Chosin Reservoir in a battle some called the Iwo Jima of the Korean War.


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Hidden Skin
How I make a skin not appear in the skin selection menu?
The place where it shows all icons. I dont want to delete the icon I just want to make kind of a hidden skin, that can only be used by the console commands.
when a skin (chimp) is called model_default.skin just do gorilla_skin.skin than in console > /player chimp/gorilla_skin
replace chimp by your skin name and gorilla by your hidden one, hope you get what i mean if not ask me
I would have to change the name of the icon too right?
i'll have to look into this..
yup so just do as you would do normal but dont include : default_***, bleu_*** and red_*** cuz these cmds in the .skin name file tells em where to place em if u dont include one of em it wont place it anywhere still it oughta be there, pretty logical if u think about it, and yeah i can model and weigh
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text:
14/02/2012 13:11
Continue drilling operations in the area of luxury Aldajh populated eastern Baghdad after the discovery of the existence of huge quantities of atoms of gold metal in the soil … and continue exploration and drilling for more than two years in the region, under the street extending from Fudhaliyah until the end of the quarter-Obeidi, or so-called (Htit) a low water is used for the diversion of rain water in flood seasons, said that the leader Abd al-Karim Qasim is drilled.
Was raised thousands of tons of dust, which set aside in order to purification and extraction of gold atoms. (more…)


text:
Board positions are available
Published: Saturday, November 10, 2012 at 10:20 p.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, November 10, 2012 at 10:20 p.m.
Looking for a way to serve your community? Several local public boards have vacancies.
The Bayou Blue Fire Protection Board has two vacancies. Interested individuals must live in the Bayou Blue Fire District.
The Downtown Development Corp. has three vacancies. The board needs one representative of the public, one downtown merchant and one member of the Keep Terrebonne Beautiful organization.
To apply, call 873-6523.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
This business is not BBB accredited.
Duke EnergyAdditional Locations
Phone: (513) 421-9500 View Additional Phone Numbers EA 025 149 E 4th St PO Box 960, Cincinnati, OH 45201 http://www.duke-energy.com
BBB Business Reviews may not be reproduced for sales or promotional purposes.
This business offers natural gas & electricity, energy related products & services.
BBB Accreditation
This business is not BBB accredited.
Businesses are under no obligation to seek BBB accreditation, and some businesses are not accredited because they have not sought BBB accreditation.
To be accredited by BBB, a business must apply for accreditation and BBB must determine that the business meets BBB accreditation standards, which include a commitment to make a good faith effort to resolve any consumer complaints. BBB Accredited Businesses must pay a fee for accreditation review/monitoring and for support of BBB services to the public.
Reason for Rating
BBB rating is based on 13 factors. Get the details about the factors considered.
Factors that raised the rating for Duke Energy include:
- Length of time business has been operating
- Complaint volume filed with BBB for business of this size
- Response to 157 complaint(s) filed against business
- Resolution of complaint(s) filed against business
Industry Ratings Comparison | Chart
Customer Complaints Summary Read complaint details
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|Total Closed Complaints
|Advertising/Sales Issues
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|Total Closed Complaints
Additional Complaint Information
BBB Cincinnati handles Duke Energy complaints for consumers in the Cincinnati and Dayton areas.
Read Complaints |
| BBB Complaint Process |
File a Complaint against Duke Energy
See Trends in Complaints on Duke Energy | View Complaints Summary by Resolution Pie Chart on Duke Energy Complaint Type Pie Chart: Overview
Customer Reviews Summary Read customer reviews
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Read Customer Reviews | Submit a Customer Review | See Trends in Customer Reviews on Duke Energy
Additional Information
Licensing, Bonding or Registration
This business is in an industry that may require professional licensing, bonding or registration. BBB encourages you to check with the appropriate agency to be certain any requirements are currently being met.
These agencies may include:
Public Utilities Commission of Ohio
180 E. Broad St., Columbus OH 43215
Phone Number: 800-686-7826
Fax Number: (614) 752-8351
Type of Entity
Business ManagementMs. Lynn Good, President & CEO Ms. Erin Lariccia
Contact Information
Related BusinessesDynegy Energy Services, LLC
Business Category
Electric Companies Natural Gas Companies
Additional Information
Callers have indicated to the BBB that they have received calls from a representative claiming to be affiliated with Duke Energy. The representative told the callers that he needed a checking account number in order to grant discounts on customer's bills. Duke Energy has confirmed that these calls were not legitimate calls from their company. If you receive a questionable call claiming to be from Duke, please call Duke Energy at 421-9500 to verify the legitimacy of the call.
Industry TipsBBB News: Energy Company Switcharoo
Customer Review Rating plus BBB Rating Summary
BBB Customer Review Rating plus BBB Rating Overview


text:
Chuck Vollmer : America's Tyrannical Multi-Trillion Dollar Debt
Gordon interviews this expert on what it really means to be trillions in debt.
99 results for 'social security'. Showing results 55 - 72
Gordon interviews this expert on what it really means to be trillions in debt.
How can I evict a pot smoking roommate? Why do you call Social Security an entitlement? What is considered...
The fight over a balanced budget hasn't faded since the Founding Fathers. Some believe the only way to hold...
Will my Social Security and Veterans benefits' be affected by a government shutdown? Is smoking weed okay for medical...
Gingrich Wants Private Retirement Accounts
Rick Perry Unveils 'Cut, Balance, Grow' Plan
Social Security Benefits to Increase in January
Israel, Soc. Sec., Expected Topics at GOP Debate
Romney, Bachmann Talk Immigration in Arizona
Round Two: Candidates Pummel Perry in GOP Debate
Obama Urges Congress to Pass $447B Jobs Plan
GOP Debate a Perry Bash Fest for Candidates
White House Orders Agencies to Make Budget Cuts
Debt Deal Clears Senate with Bipartisan Vote
Does Congress Need a Budget Amendment?
'Gang of Six' Debt Plan Getting Warm Reception
White House, GOP Still Far Apart on Debt Deal
Rep. Mack: 'Penny Plan' Could Save Trillions


text:
Santa Monica was a little hotter tonight (March 1) as the 2014 Film Independent Spirit Awards brought stars like Kristen Bell and Dax Shepard to town.
In a competitive field of great programs, there's not always a guarantee that our favorite shows will see the light of another season.
However, fans of "Shameless" and "House of Lies" can breathe easy- Showtime has extended both projects for at least 12 more episodes.
Honoring those who help keep us able to stay invested in a story on the big screen, Kristen Bell and Michael B. Jordan hosted the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Scientific and Technical Awards on Saturday (February 15).
The "House of Lies" star looked gorgeous in a one-shoulder black gown which exposed a bit of her midriff while her handsome co-host wore a black on black suit with no tie.
With their cult favorite "Veronica Mars" set to transform on the big screen March 14th, Kristen Bell and Rob Thomas fronted the latest issue of Entertainment Weekly.
With less than a month until the Oscars, a host of Hollywood A-Listers gathered at the Beverly Hills Hilton Hotel this afternoon (February 10) for the Academy Awards Nominees Luncheon.
Honoring an animated flick that smashed box office records, the stars of the film attended "The Celebration of the Music of Disney's "Frozen" in Bel Air on Sunday (February 9).
Held at the Vibrato, Josh Gad served as emcee as Kristen Bell, Idina Menzel, Santino Fonatana, and Gad himself belted out their tunes from the movie's soundtrack.
They made headlines for encouraging their Twitter followers to boycott certain magazines that expose celebrities' children, and now Kristen Bell and Dax Shepard explain their stance.
During an interview with TODAY, the "Frozen" beauty and her "Parenthood" hubby stated that while they understand the price of being famous, they also believe their daughter, Lincoln, shouldn't suffer for it.
As famous faces like Ben Affleck and his wife Jennifer Garner continue to speak out against paparazzi's targeting of celebrity children, Dax Shepard and Kristen Bell announced their support for the cause on Monday (January 27).


text:
|SUMMARY: Almost a million Americans and Canadians visit Audi's main USA site every month. Traffic wasn't the site's problem. Turning that traffic into hand-raising leads for dealers to close was. How can you turn more window shoppers into engaged leads? Turns out careful use of rich media mixed with lots of duplicate navigation makes the difference (yes, includes before-and-after screenshots).
Get the latest research on email, lead gen, and social media along with MarketingSherpa updates and promotions.
Website Optimization: How Brian Gavin Diamonds overcame 'mobilegeddon'
Read More »


text:
Tuesday, April 8, 2014
Cow Track Ranch: Spring Time Livin'
It was so incredible and lovely. I think it was our best event yet. For more information on these events visit West Marin Food & Farm Tours.
2 comments:
Stunning. I love every single detail! Congrats to you!ReplyDeleteReplies
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Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics
Summer Workshops 2016 Announced!
Scholarship opportunities for women
Workshops offered this year include: Perceptual Audio Coding, SuperCollider, New Music Controllers, Audio Plug-Ins Designed with Faust, Abjad Workshop, The Composed Instrument, Stompbox Design, Mobile EEG for Auditory Research, Designing Musical Games, and Music Information Retrieval More info
Upcoming Events
Recent Events
"Setting SAIL:" Les Earnest, Executive Officer, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Internal Colloquium - Rapid Fire Talks
Chris Chafe - Tsar Bell model and concert
Paul Batchelor - faust2sporth
Aidan Meacham - Rectangular DWN Decomposition of Non-Convex Spaces
Iran Roman & Wisam Reid
Jack Atherton - Improving ChucK: Call for Comments and Requested Features
Madeline Huberth - Performers' motions reflect their intention to express local or global structure in melody
New Music from Mexico at Stanford
The Saturday concert features new multichannel electronic music by Mexican composers Germán Romero, Hiram Navarrese, Ivan Naranjo, and Carlos Iturralde. This concert is made possible with additional support from the Stanford Center for Latin-American Studies.
This concert will take place in 2 halves:
1st half from 7.30 - 8.30PM
2nd half from 9.00 - 10.00PM
The Well-Tempered GRAIL - CCRMA Sound Worlds in the Bing Studio Space
Both concerts will have some of the same people.... BUT....completely different programs -
Concert 1, pieces by:
John Luther Adams
Elliot Kermit-Canfield
Alex Chechile
Simon Fay
Jia Li
Gareth Loy
Eric Lyon
Anders Vinjar
Concert 2, pieces by:
Mark Applebaum
Natasha Barrett
Alex Chechile
Eric Lyon
Nathan James Tindall
Hans Tutschku
Anders Vinjar
Recent News
Twist the Gears of a Massive VR Music Engine with Carillon
Behind the Scenes at the Stanford Laptop Orchestra
THX and Dr. James A. Moorer in the NYTimes
Read the full article here!
How a University Launched the Electronic Music Revolution
Article about CCRMA and Andrew Nelson's book featured recently on MetroNews:
Stanford and the Computer Music Revolution
The Father of the Digital Synthesizer
Interesting article about our own John Chowining on pricenomics.com. Enjoy!


text:
: [Pokémon]
Crestfield (PG-13)
View Single Post
May 15th, 2012 (3:36 PM). Edited May 15th, 2012 by MoonCrow.
Join Date:
May 2012
Lisbon, Portugal
Hello pokepals!
This is a fanfic that I'm currently working on and I really want you to check it out! I've posted it in portuguese foruns, so I had to translate the story to english for you guys to read. I know my english isn't the best, but I've done the best I could to translate this. Please pardon me if there are some basic/majors ortographic and gramatical errors... It's not easy to write anything that's not your mother tongue.
I've posted only the intro for this chapter, because it's kinda long and I want you to enjoy of the suspense thing. So, enough of talking...
Crestfield [Book One]
The strange cases
Chapter One
A Tale of Nine - Part I
"Well, sirs, you've been talking for some time of men being bewitched by foxes; surely you must be under their influence yourselves, to say such things. How on earth can foxes have such power over men?"
Tales of Old Japan
, Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford
Hey, I'm Luca! How are you doing?
I'm 20 and I live in Crestfield since my fifteen. I'm currently taking a course in Design and I like to read, listen to music and be with my friends. Oh, and I love photography!
I've found this place after a friend of mine said it was a good dating site, so... Here I am!
I really want to meet someone that makes me happy, married or not. I'm joking, obviously! I just wish to meet that person, you know?... Someone who can make me laugh and make me feel great.
Please, reply this message or call my number (which is at the end of this page!) if you're that person. Maybe we could meet one of these days...
When the girl finished reading, she turned off the laptop and lowered the screen. A timid smile appeared on one of her skinny mouth's corner; she was satisfied with that message. She quickly headed to the pink dresser, beside the door, and look through one of the drawers until she found a tiny and scribbled piece of paper. After unfolding it with maximum carefulness, she stared at the clumsy and crooked letters, probably written by a kid. Below them, two tilted squares where drawn with slanted lines, improvising a multiple choice. One could read:
"Will you stay with me forever? (Make a cross on the right square...)
P.S: Return me this paper with your answer at the end of the class, okay?..."
- Miriam. – Her father was leaning on the doorframe, watching. His voice startled her and she awkwardly folded the paper again and hided it in her back pocket. – I've called you already three times for dinner. – She didn't listen. She was too immersed in her thoughts and in that note to hear even the loudest noise. – You'd better get going or the food will cool.
Miriam nodded and when her father turned back and closed the door, she quickly headed towards the dresser and returned the paper to its original position: under the winter wear that she didn't liked anymore. Therefore, nobody would found it.
Her heart was beating fast and the adrenaline rushed through her skinny body. This was definitely it! The day she would put an end to that mess! But that could only happen after dinner...
However that would never happen. Right when she was about to leave the table and run towards her bedroom, a loud clang, like a thunder bursting through the night sky and hitting the trash can outside, left them with dread.
- Those kids!! – Her father rose up quickly, like if he was sitting on a spring that uncoiled and launched him into the air. It was the fourth time that week that the trash can was bowled over by someone. As a matter of fact, they didn't catch anyone throwing down the metallic container, but her father supposed that were those kids from the high school that did it. – Get inside, dear. I'm going to check out the neighbourhood and see if I can catch those vandals!
Miriam didn't have much choice but obey. She sneaked in into the house, like an animal returning to its den, and ran throughout the corridor towards the bedroom. Right when she passed the cold living room, still with the dishware on the table, the wooden striking clock gave a short and loud struck, frightening her. It was nine o'clock, by the time, and she still had time!
The old clock struck again, gravelly, as Miriam opened the door and entered her bedroom. The third struck was more heavy and echoed down the corridor, knocking on the door Miriam just had closed. She sat on the bed, the pink quilt covering it, and turned on the television. But when she pressed the on button, the electricity failed, causing a blackout. The house was then swallowed by the night's voracious desire, leaving nothing but subtle contours of the objects in Miriam's room.
The next three strucks were somber and grim, chilling the girl throughout her tiny and weak body, vulnerable to everything but softness. She stood up quickly and tried to reach the electrical switchboard, but when she make a move, she stumble over her backpack and fell on her knees, onto the blue rug near the bed. Why did she forget to tidy up the room? In the dark, she couldn't see more than a few contours, so she groped for the electrical switchboard and started pushing every button her fingers encountered, until one of them work.
The clock snored one more time, strucking for the seventh time, while the girl groped at the wall, expecting not to stumble again, until she returned to her pink bedroom. When she got there, two tiny and vibrant purple lights were on, right on the place where she stumbled over her backpack.
The eighth struck echoed and the lights sparkled and ascended through the air, in front of Miriam, at the same time that her father's voice was dragged by the cold wind outside. The window was open and Miriam could hear him yelling at the kids. Suddenly the floor started creaking rhythmically and, as the lights got bigger and the purpleness got closer, the girl's eyes opened wide when she realized that those were not two lights. Then it happened...
The power came back and Miriam, blinded by the promptly return of the lights, screamed in horror, while she tried to get loose from that animal's deadly grip. The claws of the beast against the flesh of the girl, penetrating deeply and letting blood come out of her body. Her dead body...
Only when her father encountered her body lying on the floor, covered in blood, the clock struck for the ninth and last time, carrying away Miriam's soul and hiding the proud gasp of some niveous animal, covered by the night's heavy complicity.
End of Part I
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