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Includes a package for the Lazarus IDE that adds items to the File | New dialog. Selecting "qooxdoo JavaScript App" creates either a single-page or two-page master-detail qooxdoo app and a Lazarus project for managing and editing the app's JavaScript files.
Selecting "qooxdoo JavaScript Page" adds a page to the app and to the Lazarus project.
Can also "compile" (run generate.py) from within Lazarus - if a syntax error is detected, the code editor jumps to the JavaScript file and line where the error is located.
Also includes full source code for the Unicodum demo app. This is a Unicode viewer consisting of a qooxdoo-based mobile client and a choice of Pascal (FCGI) or PHP server app.
- Develop both qooxdoo client and Pascal FCGI server app in the same IDE.
- Develop on any platform that Lazarus supports (Windows, OS X, Linux).
- New qooxdoo app created in Lazarus can optionally include boilerplate code for basic two-page master-detail app.
- Unicodum demo app demonstrates key qooxdoo features like mobile UI widgets, data binding, switching between JSON and JSON-P data sources via config.json, etc.
User Ratings
User Reviews
thank you qxotica
good project qxotica
Works and fast.


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In December 2015, Monsanto announced a first-of-its-kind program to introduce a model for carbon neutral crop production that will help reduce the carbon footprint of crop production.
INTACTA RR2 PRO™ soybeans are the first‐ever insect-protected trait in soybeans, providing consistent and reliable control of lepidopteran pests. INTACTA RR2 PRO™ soybeans are...
Take a peek through the window into agriculture's future by learning more about the products in our research and development pipeline...
At Monsanto, we understand the importance of accessibility to a balanced meal, which is why we are working alongside farmers, researchers, and other experts to come up with a range of sustainable solutions to help nourish our growing world. It's time for a bigger discussion about food, be part of the conversation.
Soybeans originated in China. It wasn't until the late 1800s and early 1900s that the Western Hemisphere started growing the crop. In the 1920s, soybeans were grown on approximately 1 million acres in the United States. Today, soybeans are the largest crop grown in Brazil, planted on more than 72 million acres, and the second-largest crop grown in the United States, planted on more than 70 million acres.
Soybeans are a legume. They are high in protein and oil, making it a very useful crop for feed for livestock and food for humans. In fact, every 60-pound bushel of soybeans produces 48 pounds of soybean protein meal and 11 pounds of soybean oil. The crop is also useful in replenishing the soil with nitrogen. These benefits drove farmer adoption of the crop.
As the crop has grown in adoption, farmers, universities and seed companies have worked to improve the soybean plant's ability to grow and adapt to various climates and conditions. Soybeans are grown in nearly every state in the United States and just about everywhere in South America, as a result of a focus on breeding programs.
Monsanto sells both conventional and GM soybean seed to farmers. Our products include:
©2002–2015 Monsanto Company - All Rights Reserved Sitemap | Legal Notice | Privacy Policy | Contact Us

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The Lady Vandals definitely had a chance to defeat Roxana for the second straight season, but two of the three close singles matches went to the Lady Shells, who continued on to win the match, 6-3.
In both team's season-opener, Vandalia's Abby Hickerson, a senior and the No. 3 player, earned Vandalia's only singles win, downing Jane Pratt, 6-0, 6-4.
The Lady Vandals' No. 2 Callie George, a senior, won the first set of her match against Josie Mosinalli, 6-4, but Mosinalli rallied back to beat George, 1-6, 4-6, in the final two sets.
RAMSEY – Brownstown senior Brady McDowell capped off an eventful game with a two-run homer that gave the Bombers their final margin of 7-2 against Mulberry Grove at the Ramsey Tournament on Tuesday.
McDowell earlier in the game had a plume of dust float into his eyes and was later accused of intentionally throwing dirt toward a Mulberry Grove player.
"There was some intensity there, and the guy got his cleat stuck in Brady's arm sleeve," said Brownstown coach Ken Milano. "He says as he was trying to get up, the dirt just flew.
RAMSEY - Quinn Wadkins pitched a complete game, had three hits and scored four times to power Patoka past Ramsey on the second day of the Ramsey Tournament.
Wadkins also had four steals during the 9-1 victory.
He led off Tuesday's game with a bloop single and promptly stole second and third before scoring on a wild pitch.
With a 3-0 lead by the end of the top of the first, after Jake Orrell and Mark Rogers scored, Wadkins struck out two batters in the bottom half.
Aug. 22
at Pana
Team scores:
•Vandalia, 169
•Pana, 189
Individual scores:
•Blake Swofford, 35
•Derrick Herker, 38
•Josh Lawson, 43
•Zach Jackson, 53
•Jake Bowen, 57
•Leyton Godoyo, 59
Individual JV scores:
•Zack Schaal, 44
•Bo Baldock, 45
•Adam Palmer, 50
•Jake Shulman, 61
•Bradley Wehrle, 67
Years ago, there was a day that Trevor Opfer was simply trying to mind his own business when his identical twin brother, Tanner, decided it would be fun to pester his sibling.
After a while, Trevor had had enough and took matters into his own hands.
"He kept bothering me and calling me names, so I fought back," Trevor said. "I hurt him pretty bad, with a black eye."
Blake Swofford won the Southern Illinois Golf Association's points championship and the tour's Player's Championship this summer.
The Vandalia High School junior easily won the points title, finishing with 177 points in the 16-18-year-old boys division. The second-place finisher had just 79.5.
At the SIGA Vogler Ford-Mazda Player's Championship, Swofford had his best performance of the summer, winning by three strokes and shooting a 1-under-par 71 at Rend Lake.
That win was Swofford's seventh in 13 summer tournaments.
The busy fall sports season is nearly upon the seven area high schools, and practice for many teams opened last week.
Aug. 15
St. Elmo 23, Altamont Lutheran 6
WP: Elizabeth Biggs (2-1)
Offense: Sarah Maxey, 4-for-4, 4 runs, 2 RBI; Biggs, 2-for-3, 4 RBI; Morgan Brown, 3-for-3, 3 runs, 3 RBI; Emily Bone, 2-for-3, 3 runs, 2 RBI; Kyrstyn Fitch, 2-for-3, 3 runs, 1 RBI; Tessa Philpot, 2 runs; Fatima Viramontes, 2 runs; Makenzie Parkison, 1 run; Jenna Long, 1 run; Laura Gurtner, 1 run.
Record: 3-3 (1-1 NTC)
Not too many people are blessed with the opportunity to become a professional golfer.
But that hasn't stopped Derrick Herker from giving the idea some thought.
The Vandalia High School senior knows he would be a longshot to make the PGA Tour and isn't even sure if he will try to play on the Amateur Tour after college, but when talking about his dream of becoming a pro on Monday morning, Herker's eyes lit up with excitement.
Copyright © 2016
The Leader Union is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Vandalia, Il, and the surrounding area.


text:
Jul 17, 2014
WASHINGTON [MENL] -- The United States has been urged to supply light attackand reconnaissance aircraft to its Middle East allies.
Jul 06, 2014
WASHINGTON [MENL] -- Iraq has ordered additional military aircraft from theUnited States.
May 13, 2014
LONDON [MENL] -- Croatia has been training Oman's air force.
Apr 13, 2014
LONDON [MENL] -- Turkey, amid a delay of seven months, has accepted aEuropean tactical air transport.


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Index of content:
Volume 41, Issue 4, April 2014
Dual energy CT (DECT) imaging plays an important role in advanced imaging applications due to its capability of material decomposition. Direct decomposition via matrix inversion suffers from significant degradation of image signal-to-noise ratios, which reduces clinical values of DECT. Existing denoising algorithms achieve suboptimal performance since they suppress image noise either before or after the decomposition and do not fully explore the noise statistical properties of the decomposition process. In this work, the authors propose an iterative image-domain decomposition method for noise suppression in DECT, using the full variance-covariance matrix of the decomposed images.Methods:
The proposed algorithm is formulated in the form of least-square estimation with smoothness regularization. Based on the design principles of a best linear unbiased estimator, the authors include the inverse of the estimated variance-covariance matrix of the decomposed images as the penalty weight in the least-square term. The regularization term enforces the image smoothness by calculating the square sum of neighboring pixel value differences. To retain the boundary sharpness of the decomposed images, the authors detect the edges in the CT images before decomposition. These edge pixels have small weights in the calculation of the regularization term. Distinct from the existing denoising algorithms applied on the images before or after decomposition, the method has an iterative process for noise suppression, with decomposition performed in each iteration. The authors implement the proposed algorithm using a standard conjugate gradient algorithm. The method performance is evaluated using an evaluation phantom (Catphan©600) and an anthropomorphic head phantom. The results are compared with those generated using direct matrix inversion with no noise suppression, a denoising method applied on the decomposed images, and an existing algorithm with similar formulation as the proposed method but with an edge-preserving regularization term.Results:
On the Catphan phantom, the method maintains the same spatial resolution on the decomposed images as that of the CT images before decomposition (8 pairs/cm) while significantly reducing their noise standard deviation. Compared to that obtained by the direct matrix inversion, the noise standard deviation in the images decomposed by the proposed algorithm is reduced by over 98%. Without considering the noise correlation properties in the formulation, the denoising scheme degrades the spatial resolution to 6 pairs/cm for the same level of noise suppression. Compared to the edge-preserving algorithm, the method achieves better low-contrast detectability. A quantitative study is performed on the contrast-rod slice of Catphan phantom. The proposed method achieves lower electron density measurement error as compared to that by the direct matrix inversion, and significantly reduces the error variation by over 97%. On the head phantom, the method reduces the noise standard deviation of decomposed images by over 97% without blurring the sinus structures.Conclusions:
The authors propose an iterative image-domain decomposition method for DECT. The method combines noise suppression and material decomposition into an iterative process and achieves both goals simultaneously. By exploring the full variance-covariance properties of the decomposed images and utilizing the edge predetection, the proposed algorithm shows superior performance on noise suppression with high image spatial resolution and low-contrast detectability.
A 3D-conformal technique is better than IMRT or VMAT for lung SBRT41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4856175View Description Hide Description
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Bengt E. Bjärngard, Ph.D.41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4869263View Description Hide Description
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- TASK GROUP REPORT (Online only)
Addendum to the AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon beams41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866223View Description Hide Description
An addendum to the AAPM's TG-51 protocol for the determination of absorbed dose to water in megavoltage photon beams is presented. This addendum continues the procedure laid out in TG-51 but new k Q data for photon beams, based on Monte Carlo simulations, are presented and recommendations are given to improve the accuracy and consistency of the protocol's implementation. The components of the uncertainty budget in determining absorbed dose to water at the reference point are introduced and the magnitude of each component discussed. Finally, the consistency of experimental determination of N D,w coefficients is discussed. It is expected that the implementation of this addendum will be straightforward, assuming that the user is already familiar with TG-51. The changes introduced by this report are generally minor, although new recommendations could result in procedural changes for individual users. It is expected that the effort on the medical physicist's part to implement this addendum will not be significant and could be done as part of the annual linac calibration.
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The influence of respiratory motion on CT image volume definition41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866889View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
Radiotherapy treatments are based on geometric and density information acquired from patient CT scans. It is well established that breathing motion during scan acquisition induces motion artifacts in CT images, which can alter the size, shape, and density of a patient's anatomy. The aim of this work is to examine and evaluate the impact of breathing motion on multislice CT imaging with respiratory synchronization (4DCT) and without it (3DCT).Methods:
A specific phantom with a movable insert was used. Static and dynamic phantom acquisitions were obtained with a multislice CT. Four sinusoidal breath patterns were simulated to move known geometric structures longitudinally. Respiratory synchronized acquisitions (4DCT) were performed to generate images during inhale, intermediate, and exhale phases using prospective and retrospective techniques. Static phantom data were acquired in helical and sequential mode to define a baseline for each type of respiratory 4DCT technique. Taking into account the fact that respiratory 4DCT is not always available, 3DCT helical image studies were also acquired for several CT rotation periods. To study breath and acquisition coupling when respiratory 4DCT was not performed, the beginning of the CT image acquisition was matched with inhale, intermediate, or exhale respiratory phases, for each breath pattern. Other coupling scenarios were evaluated by simulating different phantom and CT acquisition parameters. Motion induced variations in shape and density were quantified by automatic threshold volume generation and Dice similarity coefficient calculation. The structure mass center positions were also determined to make a comparison with their theoretical expected position.Results:
4DCT acquisitions provided volume and position accuracies within ±3% and ±2 mm for structure dimensions >2 cm, breath amplitude ≤15 mm, and breath period ≥3 s. The smallest object (1 cm diameter) exceeded 5% volume variation for the breath patterns of higher frequency and amplitude motion. Larger volume differences (>10%) and inconsistencies between the relative positions of objects were detected in image studies acquired without respiratory control. Increasing the 3DCT rotation period caused a higher distortion in structures without obtaining their envelope. Simulated data showed that the slice acquisition time should be at least twice the breath period to average object movement.Conclusions:
Respiratory 4DCT images provide accurate volume and position of organs affected by breath motion detecting higher volume discrepancies as amplitude length or breath frequency are increased. For 3DCT acquisitions, a CT should be considered slow enough to include lesion envelope as long as the slice acquisition time exceeds twice the breathing period. If this requirement cannot be satisfied, a fast CT (along with breath-hold inhale and exhale CTs to estimate roughly the ITV) is recommended in order to minimize structure distortion. Even with an awareness of a patient's respiratory cycle, its coupling with 3DCT acquisition cannot be predicted since patient anatomy is not accurately known.
Measurements and simulations of focused beam for orthovoltage therapy41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866224View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
Megavoltage photon beams are typically used for therapy because of their skin-sparing effect. However, a focused low-energy x-ray beam would also be skin sparing, and would have a higher dose concentration at the focal spot. Such a beam can be produced with polycapillary optics. MCNP5 was used to model dose profiles for a scanned focused beam, using measured beam parameters. The potential of low energy focused x-ray beams for radiation therapy was assessed.Methods:
A polycapillary optic was used to focus the x-ray beam from a tungsten source. The optic was characterized and measurements were performed at 50 kV. PMMA blocks of varying thicknesses were placed between optic and the focal spot to observe any variation in the focusing of the beam after passing through the tissue-equivalent material. The measured energy spectrum was used to model the focused beam in MCNP5. A source card (SDEF) in MCNP5 was used to simulate the converging x-ray beam. Dose calculations were performed inside a breast tissue phantom.Results:
The measured focal spot size for the polycapillary optic was 0.2 mm with a depth of field of 5 mm. The measured focal spot remained unchanged through 40 mm of phantom thickness. The calculated depth dose curve inside the breast tissue showed a dose peak several centimeters below the skin with a sharp dose fall off around the focus. The percent dose falls below 10% within 5 mm of the focus. It was shown that rotating the optic during scanning would preserve the skin-sparing effect of the focused beam.Conclusions:
Low energy focused x-ray beams could be used to irradiate tumors inside soft tissue within 5 cm of the surface.
Influence of polarization and a source model for dose calculation in MRT41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4867858View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT), an alternative preclinical treatment strategy using spatially modulated synchrotron radiation on a micrometer scale, has the great potential to cure malignant tumors (e.g., brain tumors) while having low side effects on normal tissue. Dose measurement and calculation in MRT is challenging because of the spatial accuracy required and the arising high dose differences. Dose calculation with Monte Carlo simulations is time consuming and their accuracy is still a matter of debate. In particular, the influence of photon polarization has been discussed in the literature. Moreover, it is controversial whether a complete knowledge of phase space trajectories, i.e., the simulation of the machine from the wiggler to the collimator, is necessary in order to accurately calculate the dose.Methods:
With Monte Carlo simulations in the Geant4 toolkit, the authors investigate the influence of polarization on the dose distribution and the therapeutically important peak to valley dose ratios (PVDRs). Furthermore, the authors analyze in detail phase space information provided byMartínez-Rovira et al. ["Development and commissioning of a Monte Carlo photon model for the forthcoming clinical trials in microbeam radiation therapy," Med. Phys.39(1), 119–131 (2012)] and examine its influence on peak and valley doses. A simple source model is developed using parallel beams and its applicability is shown in a semiadjoint Monte Carlo simulation. Results are compared to measurements and previously published data.Results:
Polarization has a significant influence on the scattered dose outside the microbeam field. In the radiation field, however, dose and PVDRs deduced from calculations without polarization and with polarization differ by less than 3%. The authors show that the key consequences from the phase space information for dose calculations are inhomogeneous primary photon flux, partial absorption due to inclined beam incidence outside the field center, increased beam width and center to center distance due to the beam propagation from the collimator to the phantom surface and imperfect absorption in the absorber material of the Multislit Collimator. These corrections have an effect of approximately 10% on the valley dose and suffice to describe doses in MRT within the measurement uncertainties of currently available dosimetry techniques.Conclusions:
The source for the first clinical pet trials in MRT is characterized with respect to its phase space and the photon polarization. The results suggest the use of a presented simplified phase space model in dose calculations and hence pave the way for alternative and fast dose calculation algorithms. They also show that the polarization is of minor importance for the clinical important peak and valley doses inside the microbeam field.
A block matching-based registration algorithm for localization of locally advanced lung tumors41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4867860View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
To implement and evaluate a block matching-based registration (BMR) algorithm for locally advanced lung tumor localization during image-guided radiotherapy.Methods:
Small (1 cm3), nonoverlapping image subvolumes ("blocks") were automatically identified on the planning image to cover the tumor surface using a measure of the local intensity gradient. Blocks were independently and automatically registered to the on-treatment image using a rigid transform. To improve speed and robustness, registrations were performed iteratively from coarse to fine image resolution. At each resolution, all block displacements having a near-maximum similarity score were stored. From this list, a single displacement vector for each block was iteratively selected which maximized the consistency of displacement vectors across immediately neighboring blocks. These selected displacements were regularized using a median filter before proceeding to registrations at finer image resolutions. After evaluating all image resolutions, the global rigid transform of the on-treatment image was computed using a Procrustes analysis, providing the couch shift for patient setup correction. This algorithm was evaluated for 18 locally advanced lung cancer patients, each with 4–7 weekly on-treatment computed tomography scans having physician-delineated gross tumor volumes. Volume overlap (VO) and border displacement errors (BDE) were calculated relative to the nominal physician-identified targets to establish residual error after registration.Results:
Implementation of multiresolution registration improved block matching accuracy by 39% compared to registration using only the full resolution images. By also considering multiple potential displacements per block, initial errors were reduced by 65%. Using the final implementation of the BMR algorithm, VO was significantly improved from 77% ± 21% (range: 0%–100%) in the initial bony alignment to 91% ± 8% (range: 56%–100%;p < 0.001). Left-right, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior systematic BDE were 3.2, 2.4, and 4.4 mm, respectively, with random BDE of 2.4, 2.1, and 2.7 mm. Margins required to include both localization and delineation uncertainties ranged from 5.0 to 11.7 mm, an average of 40% less than required for bony alignment.Conclusions:
BMR is a promising approach for automatic lung tumor localization. Further evaluation is warranted to assess the accuracy and robustness of BMR against other potential localization strategies.
A multicriteria framework with voxel-dependent parameters for radiotherapy treatment plan optimizationa)41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866886View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
To establish a new mathematical framework for radiotherapytreatmentoptimization with voxel-dependent optimization parameters.Methods:
In the treatment plan optimization problem for radiotherapy, a clinically acceptable plan is usually generated by an optimization process with weighting factors or reference doses adjusted for a set of the objective functions associated to the organs. Recent discoveries indicate that adjusting parameters associated with each voxel may lead to better plan quality. However, it is still unclear regarding the mathematical reasons behind it. Furthermore, questions about the objective function selection and parameter adjustment to assure Pareto optimality as well as the relationship between the optimal solutions obtained from the organ-based and voxel-based models remain unanswered. To answer these questions, the authors establish in this work a new mathematical framework equipped with two theorems.Results:
The new framework clarifies the different consequences of adjusting organ-dependent and voxel-dependent parameters for the treatment plan optimization of radiation therapy, as well as the impact of using different objective functions on plan qualities and Pareto surfaces. The main discoveries are threefold: (1) While in the organ-based model the selection of the objective function has an impact on the quality of the optimized plans, this is no longer an issue for the voxel-based model since the Pareto surface is independent of the objective function selection and the entire Pareto surface could be generated as long as the objective function satisfies certain mathematical conditions; (2) All Pareto solutions generated by the organ-based model with different objective functions are parts of a unique Pareto surfacegenerated by the voxel-based model with any appropriate objective function; (3) A much larger Pareto surface is explored by adjusting voxel-dependent parameters than by adjusting organ-dependent parameters, possibly allowing for the generation of plans with better trade-offs among different clinical objectives.Conclusions:
The authors have developed a mathematical framework for radiotherapytreatmentoptimization using voxel-based parameters. The authors can improve the plan quality by adjusting voxel-based weighting factors and exploring the unique and large Pareto surface which include all the Pareto surfaces that can be generated by organ-based model using different objective functions.
Long-term stability and mechanical characteristics of kV digital imaging system for proton radiotherapy41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4868460View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
To quantitatively evaluate the long-term image panel positioning stability and gantry angle dependence for gantry-mounted kV imaging systems.Methods:
For patient setup digital imaging systems in isocentric rotating proton beam delivery facilities, physical crosshairs are commonly inserted into the snout to define the kV x-ray beam isocenter. Utilizing an automatic detection algorithm, the authors analyzed the crosshair center positions in 2744 patient setup kV images acquired with the four imagers in two treatment rooms from January 2012 to January 2013. The crosshair position was used as a surrogate for imaging panel position, and its long-term stability at the four cardinal angles and the panel flex dependency on gantry angle was investigated.Results:
The standard deviation of the panel position distributions was within 0.32 mm (with the range of variation less than ± 1.4 mm) in both the X-Z plane and Y direction. The mean panel inplane rotations were not more than 0.51° for the four panels at the cardinal angles, with standard deviations ≤0.26°. The panel position variations with gantry rotation due to gravity (flex) were within ±4 mm, and were panel-specific.Conclusions:
The authors demonstrated that the kV image panel positions in our proton treatment system were highly reproducible at the cardinal angles over 13 months and also that the panel positions can be correlated to gantry angles. This result indicates that the kV image panel positions are stable over time; the amount of panel sag is predictable during gantry rotation and the physical crosshair for kV imaging may eventually be removed, with the imaging beam isocenter position routinely verified by adequate quality assurance procedures and measurements.
A practical and theoretical definition of very small field size for radiotherapy output factor measurements41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4868461View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
This work introduces the concept of very small field size. Output factor (OPF) measurements at these field sizes require extremely careful experimental methodology including the measurement of dosimetric field size at the same time as each OPF measurement. Two quantifiable scientific definitions of the threshold of very small field size are presented.Methods:
A practical definition was established by quantifying the effect that a 1 mm error in field size or detector position had on OPFs and setting acceptable uncertainties on OPF at 1%. Alternatively, for a theoretical definition of very small field size, the OPFs were separated into additional factors to investigate the specific effects of lateral electronic disequilibrium, photon scatter in the phantom, and source occlusion. The dominant effect was established and formed the basis of a theoretical definition of very small fields. Each factor was obtained using Monte Carlo simulations of a Varian iX linear accelerator for various square field sizes of side length from 4 to 100 mm, using a nominal photon energy of 6 MV.Results:
According to the practical definition established in this project, field sizes ≤15 mm were considered to be very small for 6 MV beams for maximal field size uncertainties of 1 mm. If the acceptable uncertainty in the OPF was increased from 1.0% to 2.0%, or field size uncertainties are 0.5 mm, field sizes ≤12 mm were considered to be very small. Lateral electronic disequilibrium in the phantom was the dominant cause of change in OPF at very small field sizes. Thus the theoretical definition of very small field size coincided to the field size at which lateral electronic disequilibrium clearly caused a greater change in OPF than any other effects. This was found to occur at field sizes ≤12 mm. Source occlusion also caused a large change in OPF for field sizes ≤8 mm. Based on the results of this study, field sizes ≤12 mm were considered to be theoretically very small for 6 MV beams.Conclusions:
Extremely careful experimental methodology including the measurement of dosimetric field size at the same time as output factor measurement for each field size setting and also very precise detector alignment is required at field sizes at least ≤12 mm and more conservatively≤15 mm for 6 MV beams. These recommendations should be applied in addition to all the usual considerations for small field dosimetry, including careful detector selection.
Ion beam tracking using ultrasound motion detection41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4868459View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
The use of motion mitigation techniques such as tracking and gating in particle therapy requires real-time knowledge of tumor position with millimeter precision. The aim of this phantom-based study was to evaluate the option of diagnostic ultrasound (US) imaging (sonography) as real-time motion detection method for scanned heavy ion beam irradiation of moving targets.Methods:
For this pilot experiment, a tumor surrogate was moved inside a water bath along two-dimensional trajectories. A rubber ball was used for this purpose. This ball was moved by a robotic arm in two dimensions lateral to the heavy ion beam. Trajectories having a period of 3 s and peak to peak amplitude of 20 mm were used. Square radiation fields of were irradiated on radiosensitive films with a 200 MeV/u beam of calcium ions having a FWHM of 6 mm. Pencil beam scanning and beam tracking were employed. The films were attached on the robotic arm and thus moved with the rubber ball. The position of the rubber ball was continuously measured by a US tracking system (Mediri GmbH, Heidelberg) and sent to the GSI therapy control system (TCS). This position was used as tracking vector. Position reconstruction from the US tracking system and data communication introduced a delay leading to a position error of several millimeters. An artificial neural network (ANN) was implemented in the TCS to predict motion from US measurements and thus to compensate for the delay.Results:
Using ANN delay compensation and large motion amplitudes, the authors could produce irradiation patterns with a few percent inhomogeneity and about 1 mm geometrical conformity.Conclusions:
This pilot experiment suggests that diagnostic US should be further investigated as dose-free, high frame-rate, and model-independent motion detection method for scanning heavy ion beam irradiation of moving targets.
Feasibility of using intermediate x-ray energies for highly conformal extracranial radiotherapy41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4868464View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
To investigate the feasibility of using intermediate energy 2 MV x-rays for extracranial robotic intensity modulated radiation therapy.Methods:
Two megavolts flattening filter free x-rays were simulated using the Monte Carlo code MCNP (v4c). A convolution/superposition dose calculation program was tuned to match the Monte Carlo calculation. The modeled 2 MV x-rays and actual 6 MV flattened x-rays from existing Varian Linacs were used in integrated beam orientation and fluence optimization for a head and neck, a liver, a lung, and a partial breast treatment. A column generation algorithm was used for the intensity modulation and beam orientation optimization. Identical optimization parameters were applied in three different planning modes for each site: 2, 6 MV, and dual energy 2/6 MV.Results:
Excellent agreement was observed between the convolution/superposition and the Monte Carlo calculated percent depth dose profiles. For the patient plans, overall, the 2/6 MV x-ray plans had the best dosimetry followed by 2 MV only and 6 MV only plans. Between the two single energy plans, the PTV coverage was equivalent but 2 MV x-rays improved organs-at-risk sparing. For the head and neck case, the 2MV plan reduced lips, mandible, tongue, oral cavity, brain, larynx, left and right parotid gland mean doses by 14%, 8%, 4%, 14%, 24%, 6%, 30% and 16%, respectively. For the liver case, the 2 MV plan reduced the liver and body mean doses by 17% and 18%, respectively. For the lung case, lung V20, V10, and V5 were reduced by 13%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. V10 of heart with 2 MV plan was reduced by 59%. For the partial breast treatment, the 2 MV plan reduced the mean dose to the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs by 27% and 47%, respectively. The mean body dose was reduced by 16%.Conclusions:
The authors showed the feasibility of using flattening filter free 2 MV x-rays for extracranial treatments as evidenced by equivalent or superior dosimetry compared to 6 MV plans using the same inverse noncoplanar intensity modulated planning method.
Specific recommendations for accurate and direct use of PET-CT in PET guided radiotherapy for head and neck sites41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4867856View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To provide specific experience-based guidance and recommendations for centers wishing to develop, validate, and implement an accurate and efficient process for directly using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for the radiotherapy planning of head and neck cancer patients.
Methods: A PET-CT system was modified with hard-top couch, external lasers and radiotherapy immobilization and indexing devices and was subject to a commissioning and quality assurance program. PET-CT imaging protocols were developed specifically for radiotherapy planning and the image quality and pathway tested using phantoms and five patients recruited into an in-house study. Security and accuracy of data transfer was tested throughout the whole data pathway. The patient pathway was fully established and tested ready for implementation in a PET-guided dose-escalation trial for head and neck cancer patients.
Results: Couch deflection was greater than for departmental CT simulator machines. An area of high attenuation in the couch generated image artifacts and adjustments were made accordingly. Using newly developed protocols CT image quality was suitable to maintain delineation and treatment accuracy. Upon transfer of data to the treatment planning system a half pixel offset between PET and CT was observed and corrected. By taking this into account, PET to CT alignment accuracy was maintained below 1 mm in all systems in the data pathway. Transfer of structures delineated in the PET fusion software to the radiotherapy treatment planning system was validated.
Conclusions: A method to perform direct PET-guided radiotherapy planning was successfully validated and specific recommendations were developed to assist other centers. Of major concern is ensuring that the quality of PET and CT data is appropriate for radiotherapy treatment planning and on-treatment verification. Couch movements can be compromised, bore-size can be a limitation for certain immobilization techniques, laser positioning may affect setup accuracy and couch deflection may be greater than scanners dedicated to radiotherapy. The full set of departmental commissioning and routine quality assurance tests applied to radiotherapy CT simulators must be carried out on the PET-CT scanner. CT image quality must be optimized for radiotherapy planning whilst understanding that the appearance will differ between scanners and may affect delineation. PET-CT quality assurance schedules will need to be added to and modified to incorporate radiotherapy quality assurance. Methods of working for radiotherapy and PET staff will change to take into account considerations of both parties. PET to CT alignment must be subject to quality control on a loaded and unloaded couch preferably using a suitable emission phantom, and tested throughout the whole data pathway. Data integrity must be tested throughout the whole pathway and a system included to verify that delineated structures are transferred correctly. Excellent multidisciplinary team communication and working is vital, and key staff members on both sides should be specifically dedicated to the project. Patient pathway should be clearly devised to optimize patient care and the resources of all departments. Recruitment of a cohort of patients into a methodology study is valuable to test the quality assurance methods and pathway.
Output correction factors for nine small field detectors in 6 MV radiation therapy photon beams: A PENELOPE Monte Carlo study41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4868695View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
To determine detector-specific output correction factors, , in 6 MV small photon beams for air and liquid ionization chambers, silicon diodes, and diamond detectors from two manufacturers.Methods:
Field output factors, defined according to the international formalism published byAlfonso et al. [Med. Phys.35, 5179–5186 (2008)], relate the dosimetry of small photon beams to that of the machine-specific reference field; they include a correction to measured ratios of detector readings, conventionally used as output factors in broad beams. Output correction factors were calculated with the PENELOPE Monte Carlo (MC) system with a statistical uncertainty (type-A) of 0.15% or lower. The geometries of the detectors were coded using blueprints provided by the manufacturers, and phase-space files for field sizes between 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2 from a Varian Clinac iX 6 MV linac used as sources. The output correction factors were determined scoring the absorbed dose within a detector and to a small water volume in the absence of the detector, both at a depth of 10 cm, for each small field and for the reference beam of 10 × 10 cm2.Results:
The Monte Carlo calculated output correction factors for the liquid ionization chamber and the diamond detector were within about ±1% of unity even for the smallest field sizes. Corrections were found to be significant for small air ionization chambers due to their cavity dimensions, as expected. The correction factors for silicon diodes varied with the detector type (shielded or unshielded), confirming the findings by other authors; different corrections for the detectors from the two manufacturers were obtained. The differences in the calculated factors for the various detectors were analyzed thoroughly and whenever possible the results were compared to published data, often calculated for different accelerators and using the EGSnrc MC system. The differences were used to estimate a type-B uncertainty for the correction factors. Together with the type-A uncertainty from the Monte Carlo calculations, an estimation of the combined standard uncertainty was made, assigned to the mean correction factors from various estimates.Conclusions:
The present work provides a consistent and specific set of data for the output correction factors of a broad set of detectors in a Varian Clinac iX 6 MV accelerator and contributes to improving the understanding of the physics of small photon beams. The correction factors cannot in general be neglected for any detector and, as expected, their magnitude increases with decreasing field size. Due to the reduced number of clinical accelerator types currently available, it is suggested that detector output correction factors be given specifically for linac models and field sizes, rather than for a beam quality specifier that necessarily varies with the accelerator type and field size due to the different electron spot dimensions and photon collimation systems used by each accelerator model.
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Iterative image-domain decomposition for dual-energy CT41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866386View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
Dual energy CT (DECT) imaging plays an important role in advanced imaging applications due to its capability of material decomposition. Direct decomposition via matrix inversion suffers from significant degradation of image signal-to-noise ratios, which reduces clinical values of DECT. Existing denoising algorithms achieve suboptimal performance since they suppress image noise either before or after the decomposition and do not fully explore the noise statistical properties of the decomposition process. In this work, the authors propose an iterative image-domain decomposition method for noise suppression in DECT, using the full variance-covariance matrix of the decomposed images.Methods:
The proposed algorithm is formulated in the form of least-square estimation with smoothness regularization. Based on the design principles of a best linear unbiased estimator, the authors include the inverse of the estimated variance-covariance matrix of the decomposed images as the penalty weight in the least-square term. The regularization term enforces the image smoothness by calculating the square sum of neighboring pixel value differences. To retain the boundary sharpness of the decomposed images, the authors detect the edges in the CT images before decomposition. These edge pixels have small weights in the calculation of the regularization term. Distinct from the existing denoising algorithms applied on the images before or after decomposition, the method has an iterative process for noise suppression, with decomposition performed in each iteration. The authors implement the proposed algorithm using a standard conjugate gradient algorithm. The method performance is evaluated using an evaluation phantom (Catphan©600) and an anthropomorphic head phantom. The results are compared with those generated using direct matrix inversion with no noise suppression, a denoising method applied on the decomposed images, and an existing algorithm with similar formulation as the proposed method but with an edge-preserving regularization term.Results:
On the Catphan phantom, the method maintains the same spatial resolution on the decomposed images as that of the CT images before decomposition (8 pairs/cm) while significantly reducing their noise standard deviation. Compared to that obtained by the direct matrix inversion, the noise standard deviation in the images decomposed by the proposed algorithm is reduced by over 98%. Without considering the noise correlation properties in the formulation, the denoising scheme degrades the spatial resolution to 6 pairs/cm for the same level of noise suppression. Compared to the edge-preserving algorithm, the method achieves better low-contrast detectability. A quantitative study is performed on the contrast-rod slice of Catphan phantom. The proposed method achieves lower electron density measurement error as compared to that by the direct matrix inversion, and significantly reduces the error variation by over 97%. On the head phantom, the method reduces the noise standard deviation of decomposed images by over 97% without blurring the sinus structures.Conclusions:
The authors propose an iterative image-domain decomposition method for DECT. The method combines noise suppression and material decomposition into an iterative process and achieves both goals simultaneously. By exploring the full variance-covariance properties of the decomposed images and utilizing the edge predetection, the proposed algorithm shows superior performance on noise suppression with high image spatial resolution and low-contrast detectability.
Microwave spectrometry for the evaluation of the structural integrity of metallic stents41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866881View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
To assess the feasibility of a method based on microwave spectrometry to detect structural distortions of metallic stents in open air conditions and envisage the prospects of this approach toward possible medical applicability for the evaluation of implanted stents.Methods:
Microwave absorbance spectra between 2.0 and 18.0 GHz were acquired in open air for the characterization of a set of commercial stents using a specifically design setup. Rotating each sample over 360°, 2D absorbance diagrams were generated as a function of frequency and rotation angle. To check our approach for detecting changes in stent length (fracture) and diameter (recoil), two specific tests were performed in open air. Finally, with a few adjustments, this same system provides 2D absorbance diagrams of stents immersed in a water-based phantom, this time over a bandwidth ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 GHz.Results:
The authors show that metallic stents exhibit characteristic resonant frequencies in their microwave absorbance spectra in open air which depend on their length and, as a result, may reflect the occurrence of structural distortions. These resonances can be understood considering that such devices behave like dipole antennas in terms of microwave scattering. From fracture tests, the authors infer that microwave spectrometry provides signs of presence of Type I to Type IV stent fractures and allows in particular a quantitative evaluation of Type III and Type IV fractures. Recoil tests show that microwave spectrometry seems able to provide some quantitative assessment of diametrical shrinkage, but only if it involves longitudinal shortening. Finally, the authors observe that the resonant frequencies of stents placed inside the phantom shift down with respect to the corresponding open air frequencies, as it should be expected considering the increase of dielectric permittivity from air to water.Conclusions:
The evaluation of stent resonant frequencies provided by microwave spectrometry allows detection and some quantitative assessment of stent fracture and recoil in open air conditions. Resonances of stents immersed in water can be also detected and their characteristic frequencies are in good agreement with theoretical estimates. Although these are promising results, further verification in a more relevant phantom is required in order to foresee the real potential of this approach.
Automatic registration of CT images to patient during the initial phase of bronchoscopy: A clinical pilot study41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866884View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
Electromagnetic based navigated bronchoscopy using preoperative CT images has reached the clinic during the last decade. One of the challenges is the "CT to patient anatomy alignment" of the CT images acquired days or even weeks ahead of bronchoscopy. An automatic registration method, without manual registration of anatomical landmarks, was developed, implemented, and evaluated in the current study.Methods:
The registration method aligns automatically the preoperative CT images to the patient's anatomy during the initial part of the bronchoscopy. The algorithm is a modified version of an iterative closest point algorithm, which in addition to the positions also utilizes the orientation of the bronchoscope and the running direction of the CT centerline. The method was evaluated both by model-based simulated bronchoscopies and by clinical data from six real bronchoscopies. In the clinical evaluation, an electromagnetic position sensor was placed temporarily in the working channel close to the tip of a conventional bronchoscope. Position data, which were acquired while the bronchoscope was moving inside the airways, were registered to the centerline extracted from the airways in the CT image.Results:
A mean registration accuracy of 3.0 ± 1.4 mm was found when simulating bronchoscopies. In the clinical part of the study, the registration method was successfully applied to the data from all six patients. The positions of the bronchoscope tip aligned to the CT centerline with a mean distance range 4.7–6.5 mm.Conclusions:
The authors have developed and evaluated an automatic registration algorithm for electromagnetic navigated bronchoscopy. It functioned to its purpose and did not affect the workflow for the bronchoscopic investigation of the six patients included in the study.
Computing global minimizers to a constrained B-spline image registration problem from optimal l 1 perturbations to block match data41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866891View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
Block matching is a well-known strategy for estimating corresponding voxel locations between a pair of images according to an image similarity metric. Though robust to issues such as image noise and large magnitude voxel displacements, the estimated point matches are not guaranteed to be spatially accurate. However, the underlying optimization problem solved by the block matching procedure is similar in structure to the class of optimization problem associated with B-spline based registration methods. By exploiting this relationship, the authors derive a numerical method for computing a global minimizer to a constrained B-spline registration problem that incorporates the robustness of block matching with the global smoothness properties inherent to B-spline parameterization.Methods:
The method reformulates the traditional B-spline registration problem as a basis pursuit problem describing the minimall 1-perturbation to block match pairs required to produce a B-spline fitting error within a given tolerance. The sparsity pattern of the optimal perturbation then defines a voxel point cloud subset on which the B-spline fit is a global minimizer to a constrained variant of the B-spline registration problem. As opposed to traditional B-spline algorithms, the optimization step involving the actual image data is addressed by block matching.Results:
The performance of the method is measured in terms of spatial accuracy using ten inhale/exhale thoracic CT image pairs (available for download atwww.dir-lab.com) obtained from the COPDgene dataset and corresponding sets of expert-determined landmark point pairs. The results of the validation procedure demonstrate that the method can achieve a high spatial accuracy on a significantly complex image set.Conclusions:
The proposed methodology is demonstrated to achieve a high spatial accuracy and is generalizable in that in can employ any displacement field parameterization described as a least squares fit to block match generated estimates. Thus, the framework allows for a wide range of image similarity block match metric and physical modeling combinations.
A cascaded model of spectral distortions due to spectral response effects and pulse pileup effects in a photon-counting x-ray detector for CT41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4866890View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
Energy discriminating, photon-counting detectors (PCDs) are an emerging technology for computed tomography (CT) with various potential benefits for clinical CT. The photon energies measured by PCDs can be distorted due to the interactions of a photon with the detector and the interaction of multiple coincident photons. These effects result in distorted recorded x-ray spectra which may lead to artifacts in reconstructed CT images and inaccuracies in tissue identification. Model-based compensation techniques have the potential to account for the distortion effects. This approach requires only a small number of parameters and is applicable to a wide range of spectra and count rates, but it needs an accurate model of the spectral distortions occurring in PCDs. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of those spectral distortions and to evaluate the model using a PCD (model DXMCT-1; DxRay, Inc., Northridge, CA) and various x-ray spectra in a wide range of count rates.Methods:
The authors hypothesize that the complex phenomena of spectral distortions can be modeled by: (1) separating them into count-rate independent factors that we call the spectral response effects (SRE), and count-rate dependent factors that we call the pulse pileup effects (PPE), (2) developing separate models for SRE and PPE, and (3) cascading the SRE and PPE models into a combined SRE+PPE model that describes PCD distortions at both low and high count rates. The SRE model describes the probability distribution of the recorded spectrum, with a photo peak and a continuum tail, given the incident photon energy. Model parameters were obtained from calibration measurements with three radioisotopes and then interpolated linearly for other energies. The PPE model used was developed in the authors' previous work [K. Taguchi et al. , "Modeling the performance of a photon counting x-ray detector for CT: Energy response and pulse pileup effects," Med. Phys.38(2), 1089–1102 (2011)]. The agreement between the x-ray spectra calculated by the cascaded SRE+PPE model and the measured spectra was evaluated for various levels of deadtime loss ratios (DLR) and incident spectral shapes, realized using different attenuators, in terms of the weighted coefficient of variation (COVW), i.e., the root mean square difference weighted by the statistical errors of the data and divided by the mean.Results:
At low count rates, when DLR < 10%, the distorted spectra measured by the DXMCT-1 were in agreement with those calculated by SRE only, with COVW's less than 4%. At higher count rates, the measured spectra were also in agreement with the ones calculated by the cascaded SRE+PPE model; with PMMA as attenuator, COVW was 5.6% at a DLR of 22% and as small as 6.7% for a DLR as high as 55%.Conclusions:
The x-ray spectra calculated by the proposed model agreed with the measured spectra over a wide range of count rates and spectral shapes. The SRE model predicted the distorted, recorded spectra with low count rates over various types and thicknesses of attenuators. The study also validated the hypothesis that the complex spectral distortions in a PCD can be adequately modeled by cascading the count-rate independent SRE and the count-rate dependent PPE.
Statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) in clinical CT systems: Experimental assessment of noise performance41(2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4867863View Description Hide DescriptionPurpose:
To reduce radiation dose in CT imaging, the statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method has been introduced for clinical use. Based on the principle of MBIR and its nonlinear nature, the noise performance of MBIR is expected to be different from that of the well-understood filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction method. The purpose of this work is to experimentally assess the unique noise characteristics of MBIR using a state-of-the-art clinical CT system.Methods:
Three physical phantoms, including a water cylinder and two pediatric head phantoms, were scanned in axial scanning mode using a 64-slice CT scanner (Discovery CT750 HD, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) at seven different mAs levels (5, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300). At each mAs level, each phantom was repeatedly scanned 50 times to generate an image ensemble for noise analysis. Both the FBP method with a standard kernel and the MBIR method (Veo®, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) were used for CT image reconstruction. Three-dimensional (3D) noise power spectrum (NPS), two-dimensional (2D) NPS, and zero-dimensional NPS (noise variance) were assessed both globally and locally. Noise magnitude, noise spatial correlation, noise spatial uniformity and their dose dependence were examined for the two reconstruction methods.Results:
(1) At each dose level and at each frequency, the magnitude of the NPS of MBIR was smaller than that of FBP. (2) While the shape of the NPS of FBP was dose-independent, the shape of the NPS of MBIR was strongly dose-dependent; lower dose lead to a "redder" NPS with a lower mean frequency value. (3) The noise standard deviation (σ) of MBIR and dose were found to be related through a power law of σ ∝ (dose)−β with the component β ≈ 0.25, which violated the classical σ ∝ (dose)−0.5 power law in FBP. (4) With MBIR, noise reduction was most prominent for thin image slices. (5) MBIR lead to better noise spatial uniformity when compared with FBP. (6) A composite image generated from two MBIR images acquired at two different dose levels (D1 and D2) demonstrated lower noise than that of an image acquired at a dose level of D1+D2.Conclusions:
The noise characteristics of the MBIR method are significantly different from those of the FBP method. The well known tradeoff relationship between CT image noise and radiation dose has been modified by MBIR to establish a more gradual dependence of noise on dose. Additionally, some other CT noise properties that had been well understood based on the linear system theory have also been altered by MBIR. Clinical CT scan protocols that had been optimized based on the classical CT noise properties need to be carefully re-evaluated for systems equipped with MBIR in order to maximize the method's potential clinical benefits in dose reduction and/or in CT image quality improvement.


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Mystery of NAACP Leader's Race Ignites Firestorm of Controversy
A woman who heads up a local chapter of the NAACP has found herself at the center of a very surprising scandal.
A woman who heads up a local chapter of the NAACP has found herself at the center of a very surprising scandal.
Karen Fitzgibbons, who taught fourth grade at Bennett Elementary School in Wolfforth, Texas, has been terminated following her controversial Facebook posting.
This will give anyone who uses Uber pause.
Megan Rapinoe scored twice and the United States beat Australia, 3-1, in the U.S. Women's National Team World Cup opener in Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada on Monday night.
Martin Truex Jr. dominated the field and won the Axalta "We Paint Winners" 400 at Pocono Raceway in Long Pond, Pa. on Sunday afternoon.
Carl Edwards conserved his fuel en route to winning the Coca-Cola 600 NASCAR Sprint Cup race at Charlotte Motor Speedway in North Carolina on Sunday night.
The Japanese auto parts maker Takata has admitted that its airbags are defective, resulting in the largest automobile recall ever, some 34 million cars. In fact, it may be the biggest recall of any product ever.
We've all heard the refrain that you shouldn't text and drive. Well, it seems there is a whole slew of other questionable phone-related behavior we need to stop.


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short for a person's obituary printed in the daily newspaper.
"Did you read the obits column in the papes?"
"Heard our teach died."
"Heard our teach died."
by AUD Matel May 17, 2008
Trending Now
Shortened for of obituary.
Poster #1: <obit here>
Poster #2: did he drop any good loot
Poster #2: did he drop any good loot
by Aee January 04, 2008


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25 worst passwords of 2015
POSTED: 12:24 PM Dec 05 2011 UPDATED: 12:08 PM Jan 19 2016
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If you have one of these 25 passwords protecting your "secure" information, you may want to reconsider. Here are the worst 25 passwords of 2015, as ranked by SplashData.
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VRay: THE COMPLETE GUIDE
VRay: THE COMPLETE GUIDE
Francesco Legrenzi | 1000 Pages | 2008 | File type: PDF | 393mb
VRay: THE COMPLETE GUIDE is the first book in the world completely devoted to VRay. Its aim is to provide an avanced support for the specialists in this branch. All too often we lose a lot of time searching the meaning of a particular parameter. Who hasn't spent entire days trying to understand what was wrong with their rendering? Having some presets is not enough: it is necessary to understand and have knowledge of the tools daily used. This is the only way thanks to which you'll be able to face more and more difficult tasks.
VRay: THE COMPLETE GUIDE was born thanks to two year's hard work, during which we tried to produce a high-quality handbook committed to VRay's users. Not just a basic list of commands, but a special tool, composed by technical and theorical parts, by which you'll be carried away! You'll be able to find, through 1000 pages, 2300 images and 3200 renderings expressly created for this handbook. Enclosed you'll also find a DVD-ROM containing 32 animations in .mov format, bearing examples otherwise impossible to understand via images only. It's an unrepeatable handbook, difficult to find elsewhere: made up of 1000 pages, full colour, 20x28x5cm (other manuals are usually smaller: 17x23x3cm). Bound with extreme care, through paperback binding stitched with wire referendum and not simply glue, it holds up through the time. The hardback cover also is hardbound disk, allowing a better usability.
The handbook is made up of 9 CHAPTERS:
03. VRay: Renderer - PART 1
04. VRay: Renderer - PART 2
05. VRay: MATERIALS AND MAPS
06. VRay: CAMERAS AND LIGHTS
07. VRay: OBJECT ENVIRONMENT
08. VRay: RENDER ELEMENTS
09. VRay: UPDATING
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17 reviews | 4.4 out of 5
This is a perfect digital watch and easy to read. Good buy.
Was delighted to see how large the digits were. I can read it without my reading glasses which is novel and ideal. Great price and I have decided after many problems and failures with getting new batteries for previous watches (many quite $$$) that I will buy cheap watches and just toss them and buy new ones from now on. Very pleased with this.
For the money it can't be beaten. Simple to use and it is nice to have an easy to set timer and alarm. It also has a simple to use stop watch and can have two time zones set.
Watch has all of the functions that I was looking for and the numbers are easy to read, the light works good for displaying the time when needed, the warranted battery life is good, and I dod not thank that you can beat a timex for this price. Thanks Walmart!
grandson love his watch
All is good for the watch, the features work well.
One complaint with the buckle on the band, the link pin fails causing to fall off.
I bought this watch for my Husband for Christmas and he loves it because it doesn't have sharp pr hard ridges like some other watches have. It's very comfortable and he doesn't have to worry about it getting wet when he showers.
Very pleased, not alot of bling, great functions and easy to read display, very good for the price, fits perfect and has a great feel on the wrist versus some that are not comfortable fitting.
the instruction manual that came with this watch does not allow me to set the watch features so i have been "experimenting" with various sequence of set, mode, start, blah blah blah and still cannot get the day of the week set..or time 2, or count down feature. It would seem obvious that i should go to timex.com and get the manual....wrong!! There are several versions of the 1440 and trying to tie down the exact one will drive you to drink..It is a lot of watch for the money and I expect it will "take a licken and keep on ticken"...but if you want to keep your sanity then try a different model with an accurate instruction manual enclosed in the shipping package.
It was a great watch for the price. I was really happy with it.
Fine product for the price. Will definitely use. Product seemed to be and inferior version to the model advertised and pictured online. Less on-screen info; lacked some of the functions mentioned in the item description. Overall, it is ok for what it is.
Good quality, inexpensive watch for work or knock around, keeps excellent time. Walmart had the best price. I used site to store to make sure it was available.
Love the watch. Easy to set and read. Very comfortable. Allarm pretty much worthless since it is too quiet for almost anyone to hear. Otherwise a great value.
Glad it was as originalwatch. Easy to use and can read numbers without my glasss.
it's great - just what we expected. prompt delivery all is excellent
Bot goog


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36 Reviews
This casserole was so easy and delicous! I lived in Louisiana for 13 yrs and know my cajun food. If you follow the recipe exactly, the casserole is kind of dry like a jambalaya is. I wanted it more moist and creamier, so I added an extra can of soup, I chose cream of celery, some chicken broth and kicked up the seasoning a bit because it needed it in my opinion, with some Tony Chachere's seasoning.
i have lived in the heart of 'Cajun Country' all my life and i cannot believe that this is the first time that i've cone across a recipe like this! this was absolutely delicious and super easy! I did make the following changes:
I used chicken instead of crawfish because crawfish isn't in season right now and the only frozen crawfish available at my local store was Chinese crawfish (which we do NOT use!)
I seasoned & saut?ed my chicken tenderloins with salt, pepper, garlic powder, & paprika, cooked them and then put them aside while I cooked down the veggies in the same pan with a touch of water to help it along. don't forget to season your veggies as they cook as well. I used roughly 3/4c chopped onion, 1/2 of a chopped green bell pepper, 1 rib of chopped celery, and 1 chopped garlic clove.
I then melted the butter in the skillet with the veggies, added the chicken (diced) back in, added the three cans of soups and the uncooked rice and mixed it and then dumped it all into the casserole pan.
when it came time to add the cheese, I used pepper jack instead of plain Monterey jack (because Cajuns like spice). I also used roughly 3/4c pepper jack and roughly 1&1/4c cheddar. I am a big time "cheese head", so i never think that ANY recipe has enough cheese....
anyway, this recipe was truly amazing! my husband, who HATES casseroles went back for seconds and even said that the seconds were even better than the first serving. he told me several times that he liked this casserole.
....I can't wait to make it again during crawfish season and REALLY blow his mind!
thanks for the great recipe!
This recipe was recommended to me by my daughter, Venessa. She substituted shrimp for the crawfish, so I made it her way and we loved it. I have since made it with frozen crawfish and the flavor profile is completely different. ( Fresh crawfish in the NW is expensive) I prefer the flavor and softer texture of the shrimp meat in this casserole. I can't believe how simple it was to make and leftovers was better than the day I made it.
My plans are to make this dish for a potluck and substitute leftover turkey from Thanksgiving dinner. It will be interesting to see what folks think.
My husband loved the flavor of this, BUT note.......Do not use brown rice as it takes much longer than the 1 hour to cook.
This was absolutely Delicious!!! I too being from Louisiana thought I've eaten crawfish in every way. Served 16-18 - Large buffet serving pan used. I doubled the recipe and used Tony Cachere for seasoning along with the Garlic and Onion Powder. I used Original Rotel but only 1 can on the double - The rice was a little crisp so maybe next time I will use 2 cans. Also the only cheese I used was Kraft Mexican Shredded Cheese (pepper jack and cheddar) Along side this dish I made Oven Fried Chicken Breast using Panko bread crumbs, Egg yolk, flour, Olive Oil Spray, paprika, etc. This too was WONDERFULL! Would have shared picture but dish was DESTROYED by hungry people. I am sure to make this again and I have already shared the recipe with 3 other people already...Yum Yum
This meal was delicious! Being from Louisiana, I've eaten crawfish in just about every way imaginable, but I've never had it as a casserole. I recently acquired some peeled crawfish and was looking for something fairly easy to make with it. Etouffee would be most people's first choice but it was a little too labor intensive for me. I thought this tasted very similar to etouffee (but maybe better because it's covered in cheese?) and it makes a ton! I will be making it again. I don't think I changed the recipe much at all.
Wonderful! I put 12 oz. crawfish and 1/2 lb. shrimp. Used tomatoes with chipotles instead of Rotel, and used Tony's instead of salt. Had to stir it at 45 minutes, cover and cook another 15 before adding cheese as it just wasn't getting hot in the middle (this makes a lot!). I think that added time helped the rice cook thoroughly. We will be enjoying this often and sharing it with friends. Thank you so much!
This smelled heavenly while cooking!!! The only change I made was to substitute red onion for the green onion. When I was ready to put this together, realized my green onions were gone. (My Mom loves them). We really enjoyed. It was just spicy enough without being overpowering for those that don't like the heat. I added a few drops of Tabasco to mine. : ). Made for Rajun Cajun photo event 2009. Thanks Mailbelle for posting, will be making this next spring when fresh crawfish are plentiful & cheap!!
I followed this recipe exactly & it turned out like a thick soup! Tasted good, but I wasn't looking for a stew/soup.
I'm from and live in the sticks in louisiana my whole life, the crawfish I used were from a boil, spicy as hell. I used hot rotel, 1 can cream of mushroom, 1 can cream of onion, 1 can cream of celery, a fine layer of toners and only pepper jack on top and my whole family threw frozen bags of left over crawfish to make some more. Thank you for the recipe!


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Great Design Documentaries
For this week's Design Ideas, you're reaping the benefit of a recent sick day. The cure for my cold was sleep, lots of liquids and plenty of Internet scavenging.
I happened to ask myself: What are the best documentaries about design?Here are a few that make my list. Some you'll have heard of, others I dug out of the recesses of the Internet, my DVD closet and the minds of design-interested chums who were also online. Most are readily available at Netflix and elsewhere. »Read Full Blog Post(1)
Story by ex-Milwaukee TV reporter goes viral
How does a story go viral? When it is so specific that it feels universal.
That's the secret to Boyd Huppert's storytelling. »Read Full Blog Post


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I enjoy the slopes here a lot ! There are great face runs and it has a great atmosphere! The downside for me is that I like glades and terrain parks and the...
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So, your plane isn't available this week, but hey, you want to go skiing and can't fly out to Vail. Your wife is bummed out and let's face it, hanging aroun...
Great skiing!!! Boyne definitely does a great job not only caring for the guests, but also actually serving decent food!! The staff is more than happy to he...
This was my first attempt at actual sking. I took a lesson on my first day. The instructor must have been great, as I was sking the blue intermediate on my...
i recently put out a post on Boyne Mt. adn forgot soem images - the post is titled: "Must Ski!!". I hope you can fin dit helpful. here are the forgotten pic...
My family takes a week vacation at Boyne Mt. The hill is great - we go every year adn i still do not get bored. they have a little free hill that you can te...
Best Skiing Michigan... nice lodge, nice pool and hot tubs, runs for all abilities...
Seemed crowded on saturday but empty on sunday and monday...
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nabiki's debt by CD007Watch
that's right,folks.nabiki's got a long way to go before she can start spending her own money.
serves her right, she must've done one deal that went horribly wrong, for her I mean
Unless they had kidnapped her she would have gotten Ranma or/& Akane to take her place to repay her debt
HA! Ranma would be pleased to see this happen to Nabiki when MR. Tendo decides to put her to work without scamming other people.
What ever can i do to get my own Nabiki maid???
Thats really good


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Arno B. Price, 54 of Zanesville passed away Thursday October 4, 2012 at Genesis Hospice Morrison House. He was born February 6, 1958 in Zanesville a son of the late Donald and Marie Hardman Price. He was retired from Armco Steel; was a member of Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church; was involved with the friends of the library, National Rifle Association; Zanesville Rifle Club; was active with the Zanesville High School Band Boosters. He enjoyed crafting pens out of wood and enjoyed a "Fine" Cigar.
Arno is survived by his wife Cindy Wallace Price; one daughter Jessica Price of Zanesville; two sisters Cindy Heiss of TN and Margaret Judson of Zanesville; one brother Geoffrey Price.
The family would like to thank all their special friends who helped through this long journey. Special thanks to the staff and physicians of the Oncology Hematology Consultants of Southeastern Ohio, the nurses of Genesis outpatient care and the nurses and staff of Genesis Hospice Morrison House for their care and comfort.
Calling hours will be held from 2-4 and 6-8 on Sunday October 7, 2012 at THE SNOUFFER FUNERAL HOME 1150 W. MILITARY RD. ZANESVILLE. Funeral services will be held at 11am Monday October 8, 2012 at the Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church 128 S. 7th St. Zanesville with Pastor Mark Matzke officiating. Burial will follow in Zanesville Memorial Park Cemetery.
To send a note of condolence to the Price family go to www.snoufferfuneralhome.com, find us on facebook or call our caring staff at 450.8000.


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Online Advertising Profile for Location (Sutton-in-Ashfield)This estate agent branch advertises their properties for sale on the following leading websites:
Location (Sutton-in-Ashfield) - Time on Market *The current typical (median) time on market for property for sale via Location is 65 days. This estate agent branch's property time on market is 3rd shortest out of 7 agents in Sutton-in-Ashfield and 3rd shortest out of 9 agents in NG17.
Properties for Sale by Location (Sutton-in-Ashfield) *The Home.co.uk Property Search Engine has found 28 properties for this estate agent branch with 4 properties added in the last 14 days. The average property price for Location is £122,334, 7th highest out of 7 agents in Sutton-in-Ashfield and 9th highest out of 9 agents in NG17.
Our home selling statistics show that Location is listed in:
- The Top 20 Most Active Estate Agents in South Normanton
- The Top 5 Most Active Estate Agents in Sutton-in-Ashfield
- The Top 10 Most Active Estate Agents in NG17


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The Downfall of Moderation and the Destruction of the Republican Party, From Eisenhower to the Tea Party
Geoffrey Kabaservice
Oxford University Press, $29.95, 504 pp.
There is a certain astonishment in political journalism over the current state of the Republican Party. Sympathetic liberals like E. J. Dionne and idiosyncratic conservatives like Michael Gerson join apostate Republicans like David Frum in protesting the GOP's secession from moderation, compromise, and any ideologically inconvenient facts.
The 2010 midterm elections only sharpened the GOP's pursuit of conservative ideological purity, as Tea Party activists swept a number of Democrats and moderate Republicans out of office. Conservative intransigence and the resulting Beltway gridlock have sparked renewed interest in political moderation. Groups like Americans Elect and No Labels are organizing to end ideological trench warfare and get government working again.
In Rule and Ruin, Geoffrey Kabaservice presents a compelling case that current GOP radicalism is just the most recent, visible outgrowth of a decades-long project. Midcentury conservative stalwarts like Phyllis Schlafly and Barry Goldwater began a still-raging argument over conservative electoral strategy. They believed that the Republicans could only crack the New Deal coalition by whipping up the country's conservative base. Moderates maintained that electoral strength came from courting independents. Though the base-mobilization strategy's first trial run (in the 1964 elections) was an indubitable failure, the...
Links[1] https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/user/login?destination=print/33886
[2] https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/subscribe-Commonweal


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The Miami Open, formerly known as the Sony Ericsson Open, is one of the premier events on the men's and women's professional tennis tours. The world's best players come together for this great tournament which takes places at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Miami, FL. Make sure you get Miami Open tickets today at TicketNetwork.com and enjoy the back-and-forth tennis action live!
Tennis is a sport that provides a completely different experience for fans who attend an event in person rather than at home at the couch. The speed, grace, athleticism and charisma of all the players are on full display and will be at Miami Open Tennis this year.
TicketNetwork is a great place to start, and end, your search for Miami Open Tennis tickets. We have a large selection of tickets to all the best tennis events with great seats to choose from for each event. We are committed to getting you to the event, so we provide you with tough online security as well as an 125% guarantee that your Miami Open Tennis tickets will be real and in your hands in plenty of time.
Whether you are looking for Miami Open Tennis tickets or tickets to any other sports, theatre or music event, choose TicketNetwork for all your online ticket shopping!


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Ofcom to investigate Big Brother after 600 complaints about sex scenes
The complaints centered on sexual scenes aired between contestants Laura Carter and Marco Pierre White Jr.
The complaints centered on sexual scenes aired between contestants Laura Carter and Marco Pierre White Jr.
Contestant Sam Faiers joins a host of other surprise names
In fairness to Snowden, the Queen has been giving Christmas messages for a long time
The Archbishop sketch was the most complained about TV moment of 2013
Hidden cameras and "mystery shoppers" could be used to keep tabs on care homes under proposals being considered by the Care Quality Commission (CQC).
If you'd like enter the Diary Room, bounce on the overstuffed furniture and marvel at the close confines of a reality TV experiment that has last over a decade, now might be your chance as the National Trust is set to open the Big Brother House to the public for one weekend later this month.
I'm staying at my Aunty Wendy's, said Abz. And with that, all pretence of celebrity was gone
After her very public meltdown on Celebrity Big Brother one might have thought Vanessa Feltz would have sworn off reality television shows. But the broadcaster and DJ has been unveiled as the first contestant on this year's Strictly Come Dancing competition.
View From The Sofa: There's no getting away from the fact that a racist remark ended his career
Highlights of the Ashes Tests and 'Big Brother' have helped the broadcaster overtake C4
It is a curious phenomenon, that those who purport to love the Royals wilfully inflict so much misery upon them
Big Brother contestant Daley Ojuederie has been removed from the Big Brother house over aggressive behaviour towards fellow housemate Hazel O'Sullivan.
Day 10 in the Big Brother house and it's back to wry asides and caustic bickering, thank God
A razor-sharp novel with an unreliable narrator is hampered by its tight authorial grip
TV presenter Emma Willis is replacing Brian Dowling as the host of Big Brother.
Dissertations are designed to make you hurt. There's only one thing for it - hunker down, prepare your essay cave and see out the storm...
He is free of guile and arrogance. He can never keep secrets from fans


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They weren't being generated in 2.5, and I upgraded hoping to solve the problem. Same problem in 2.6.
When images are uploaded, they upload fine, however no Thumbnail is generated. When I try to insert the image, it inserts the full size image.
I have tried smaller image sizes to see if maybe my images were big. No help.
I have tried different types of images. No diff.
I have tried the fixes listed by WordPress, including the functions.php. No help.
I have searched these forums and see dozens of people having the same problem in 2.5 and 2.6 and being completely ignored. Is there no solution to this problem? This is a serious issue.


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Lime-Garlic Broiled Fish
Yield: 5-6
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- 2 pounds raw fish, fresh or frozen
- 3 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/2 cup butter or margarine, melted
- 2 tablespoons lime juice
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- Dash freshly ground pepper
- Chopped parsley (optional)
Instructions:Thaw fish if frozen.
Cook garlic in butter until tender. Remove from heat. Add lime juice, salt and pepper.
Arrange fish in a single layer on a baking pan, 15x10x1 inch.
Pour sauce over fish.
Broil/grill about 4 inches from source of heat for 8 to 10 minutes or until fish are tender.
Sprinkle with parsley.
This recipe was submitted by one of our readers and has not been tested by our food editors. We are not responsible for errors in this recipe, but if you find one, please let us know.
Updated Thursday, March 31st, 2005
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Published: Friday, March 11, 2005 at 11:25 a.m.
Last Modified: Friday, March 11, 2005 at 11:58 a.m.
Five local players honored
HAMMOND -- Five area girls basketball players were recently named to the Louisiana High School Basketball Coaches Association All-State team at the Sweet 16.
They are Assumption's Latashia Wise, Ellender Memorial's Sasha Staidum, H.L. Bourgeois' Desiree Waller and Vandebilt Catholic's Sumar Leslie and Bethany Washington.
A total of 10 players were named to the team.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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Updated: Tuesday, January 21, 2003
(opens in a new window )
TODAY'S FEATURES: Senate considers
Ridge to head new Homeland Security Department
Director of the Office of Homeland Security Corresponding Articles from GoErie.com Harrisburg and Beyond
Where does Ridge go from here? Running for Governor
How an AK-47 almost
shot down the campaign. In Washington,D.C. A young congressman defies the Gipper. Running for Congress
An 11th-hour concession speech
suddenly turns into a career in Washington. Making Friends Today many people work for the governor. Back then they hung out at the Holiday Inn Downtown. Coming Home Ridge struggles to find his way and falls in
love. Off to War Ridge nearly died in Vietnam, but not from
a bullet. Growing Up From public housing to
Harvard, he saw early how the "haves" treated the "have-nots." ____________________ PHOTO GALLERY
Visit ErieCounty Elections.com
Click Here...
Director of the Office of Homeland SecurityCorresponding Articles from GoErie.com
...backChallenges of homeland security department only beginningBy G. ROBERT HILLMAN
The Dallas Morning News
What will change
The White House transition plan to transfer agencies to the new Department of Homeland Security after establishing the
office of the secretary by Jan. 24, according to a blueprint released by the administration Monday night: March 1:
Secret Service, Coast Guard, Customs Service, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Transportation Security Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency, General Services Administration's federal protective services.
April 1: The FBI's National Infrastructure Protection Center. May 1: The Pentagon's national communication system. June 1:
The Agriculture Department's Plum Island Animal Disease Center. Sept. 30: Final transfers take place. Associated Press
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My husband and I will be in Kansas City for 2 nights (weekend nights). One night we are going to a Royals game. We are staying right near the stadium. 1.) What are some good nightlife spots to hit? We are big drinkers (beer) but hate clubs (dancing). 2.)Are there any good sports bars, or laid-back-beer-drinking kind of bars? 3.)Any recommendations where to eat a great meal? Nothing fancy, just someplace that has great food like steaks, wings, ribs, etc? 4.)What are some cool places to drink after the game? Maybe a place with a live band? Would prefer hearing some good rock music, classic rock, etc. 5.)Any cool outdoor drinking spots? (We'll be there in August) 6.)Any cool things to do during the day (touisty things that are a must see)? Thanks so much for your help!
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I always use my last workspace (workspace 4) for email and instant messaging. In KDE I could use the window menu (right-click on title bar) to tell KDE to move new Thunderbird and Pidgin windows to this workspace automatically when opened.
Apparently, according to this question, one could do that in Ubuntu 10.04, too, using the 'Always on this workspace' menu item in the window menu. However, in Ubuntu 12.04 there is no such menu item.
So, my question is this: How can I make an application open on a specific workspace in Ubuntu 12.04 with Unity?


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WASHINGTON (AP) -- Fannie Mae posted net income of $5.3 billion from January through March, its ninth straight profitable quarter, as the housing market continued to heal.
Washington-based Fannie said Thursday it will pay a dividend of $5.7 billion to the U.S. Treasury next month. With its previous payments totaling about $121 billion, Fannie has more than fully repaid the $116 billion it received from taxpayers.
Fannie's first-quarter profit compared with record net income of $58.7 billion in the same period of 2013. The year-ago figure was mainly due to a one-time accounting move that allowed the company to lower its tax liability by applying losses on delinquent mortgages to its 2013 taxes.
The government rescued Fannie and smaller sibling Freddie Mac at the height of the financial crisis in September 2008.
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Orlando Magic Orlando Tickets
Orlando Magic
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|Would you like to try some other Similar Events.
Details of Orlando Magic Orlando Tickets and the Ticket Luck value
Currently the only professional sports team to play for the city of Orlando in Florida, Orlando Magic represents the Southeast Division in the Eastern Conference. Since joining the NBA as an expansion franchise in 1988, it has become the second most successful basketball team according to their winning ratio. They have also been able to clinch 5 division titles and 2 conference championships. Despite making it to the playoffs for more than half of their two decades in the game, they have yet to win NBA championship.
Orlando Magic is a fan favorite owing to the fact that some legendary players have sported the Magic jerseys. Some famous names that played for Magic in the past include Shaquille O'Neal, Patrick Ewing, Penny Hardaway, Tracy McGrady, Grant Hill, Steve Francis, Vince Carter, Rashard Lewis and Dwight Howard. The team won their last championship in the 2010 season and since the departure of star player Dwight Howard, they have been in a rebuilding phase.
Orlando Magic play their home games at the 19,000 capacity Amway Center. This arena has been a host to a number of NBA All-star matches in addition to all of the team's home games since its inception. It is also a popular venue for concerts and wrestling events throughout the year. This season the team is set to host a number of exciting matches at home and Orlando Magic Orlando FL tickets are flying off the shelves. Get yours and be there to witness the magic.
Frequently Asked Questions
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A:Grab your Orlando Magic Orlando tickets at a very cheap rate only from our reliable website!


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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Jun 01st, 2005
Running Time: 115
Company: Robert Hill Releasing
Cast: David (I), Alan (I), Andre (I), Fabiano, Sabrina (I), Sharon (I), Grace, Andrea (I), Nicole (I)
Critical Rating: AAA 1/2
Genre: Specialty
The obvious enthusiasm of the performers will please transsexual fanciers.
It's not true that all the good-looking porn stars are in gay videos. Some of them appear in trans titles, too. Or maybe it's just this one. Whichever is the case, they certainly seem to enjoy banging and being banged by slim, appreciative transsexuals.
Fabiano is especially enthusiastic about the subject, and takes charge of his scenes with Nicole and with Grace, the two most obviously enhanced trans girls. In fact, he's so into what he does that he spoons his own cum out back of Grace's asshole.
Other high points include Sharon noisily oozing Alan's cream out and down her butt cheeks, and the fact that Andrea finally breaks the camera's gaze when she demonstrates her impressive deep throat technique.


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be P/H, be a Fed, and vote Fed on the 25th.
10 • Day 2,894, 16:19 • Published in USA • Political debates and analysis
Hi, it's been a while.
At times, or perhaps always for some of you, eRepublik isn't a very attractive game. It has a very limited set of game mechanics and optimization. What you can do in-game is inside- … read more »


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Several area standouts were recognized on the 2012 Valley Oak League All-League Baseball team, including a pair of first-team pitchers and four of the five first-team infield positions.
LOS ANGELES (AP) - Former UCLA player Reeves Nelson is suing Sports Illustrated for $10 million, citing defamation, false light and intentional infliction of emotional distress over its recent article about problems in the school's basketball program.
Finally the full-fledged ace in her final collegiate season, Erin Arevalo is shining in the pitcher's circle for the University of Georgia's softball team.
GALT - Nothing came easy to the Ripon Christian Knights this year, and after a series-tying 10-7 victory over Bradshaw Christian in the Sac-Joaquin Section Division VI semifinals, the Knights' season would end in a 7-2 loss to the Pride Tuesday.
Allison Walljasper is the MVP of the Valley Oak League for the second straight year, but this time Sierra High's star pitcher shares the award.
Cassie Waggy is no stranger to immediate success.
East Union's girls soccer team annexed its first Valley Oak League championship since 2001 this spring and was further rewarded for the feat during the annual coaches meeting.
The Ripon Christian Knights are in a must-win situation against Bradshaw Christian in today's Sac-Joaquin Section Division VI baseball playoff game at the Galt Community Center.
STOCKTON – Hopes for another Sac-Joaquin Section Division IV title fell short for the Timberwolves Saturday at Arnaiz Softball Stadium.
GALT – The Ripon Christian Knights opened their best-of-three Sac-Joaquin Section Division VI semifinal baseball series Saturday with a 7-2 loss to Bradshaw Christian.
Modesto Junior College assistant men's basketball coach Chris Teeven has been hired to take over the Weston Ranch High boys program.
Marissa Navarro recently wrapped up her career at Sacramento State with her best season, and she was rewarded for this past week.
STOCKTON - Sierra High's softball team has yet to figure out Oakdale ace Shelby Reali.
MODESTO - Shakira Lewis, with her rare speed, helped Sierra High capture its first Valley Oak League and Sac-Joaquin Section playoff championships in softball last year.
Folsom's Vista Del Lago didn't waste any time in exerting its dominance on the pitch Thursday night in a Sac-Joaquin Section Division IV semifinal match.
Page 203 of 385
Mikaela Ferreira stood out in a stacked lineup with her bat, but it was her defense that helped propel Ripon High's softball team to ...
After a horrific start Tuesday, Giants pitcher Zac Cook got three consecutive outs to end the first inning and then blanked the Red Sox through ...
Three Weston Ranch graduates are going their separate ways for college.
Abby Buitrago is the Southern League's MVP for a third straight season, while Cindy Alvarez and Courtney Slamon are the Most Valuable Offensive and ...
Bikram Thiara made history Saturday night.
Ty Griggs, 14, has continued to gain momentum from his memorable effort at Augusta National in early April.
"El Toro" to his teammates and coaches, East Union senior Marco Gonzales was a nightmare for opposing clubs.
CLOVIS - The numbers flashed across the board near the finish line after the third and final heat of the 300-meter hurdles in the CIF State ...
With Alexis Erich shelved all season by an ACL injury, senior first baseman Michelle Castro and junior pitcher Mikayla Bongi filled the void well for ...
Sierra hurdler Bikram Thiara scheduled his workouts for the morning to avoid the heat this week.
Leah Manuleleua graduated as the Manteca High girls soccer team's all-time career leader in goals scored, but she has meant much more to the ...
LODI - The sting of defeat may linger for John DeVisser, Ripon Christian's fiery baseball coach who endured his fair share losses for the Knights ...
LODI – It may be baseball season, but Ronaldo Tijero's football training came in handy Monday night.
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