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Research Interests: 20th-Century Brazil, Participation and Performance, Art & Pedagogy, Photography, Film, and New Media
Adrian is a PhD candidate focusing on art, mass politics, and cities in twentieth-century Brazil. Before coming to Chicago, Adrian earned an MA in modern art from Columbia University and worked at the contemporary art gallery David Zwirner. In addition to modern and contemporary Brazil, Adrian's research interests include histories and theories of photography and other reproductive media, art and industry, art and pedagogy, and issues of participation in social practice art.
Hilary Barker is a PhD student studying the intersection of the ancient and the Renaissance in Rome. Her interests include Roman Imperial religious art, antiquarianism in Renaissance Rome, collecting history and print culture. She is particularly interested in the artistic and intellectual geography of Rome from roughly 1460 to 1600, and in how the production and collecting of guidebooks, maps and prints of Rome relates to movement in the city.
Maggie is a PhD student interested in the intersection of conceptualism, activism, and the Latin American diaspora at the end of the twentieth century. She received her BA in anthropology from the University of Chicago in 2013 and spent a couple of years working in art museum education and programming before returning to the University.
Carly is a PhD student focusing on late medieval European visual culture with a specific interest in the ways in which visual and material traditions shape devotional practices. Before beginning her studies at the University of Chicago, she received a BA from Tufts University, where she wrote an honors thesis entitled "A Strange Chaos: Preserving Internet Art in the Wake of Walter Benjamin's Critical Legacy." Carly has also interned for the education department of the Brooklyn Museum, organized a student-curated exhibition at the Tufts University Art Gallery, and worked as a research assistant for the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA).
Kristopher Driggers studies pre-Columbian art history, with projects ranging from ancient Mesoamerica to the Andes. He is the current recipient of a Ford Foundation Pre-Doctoral Fellowship. Kristopher received his BA from Yale University in 2011, and has held a curatorial fellowship at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a research assistantship in African Art at the Yale University Art Gallery, and has served as Development Coordinator for the McNay Art Museum in San Antonio, Texas. Kristopher's current interests include Central Mexican writing systems, cases of aniconic visual practice in the pre-Columbian world, and the historiography of pre-Columbian art.
Research Interests: Pre-Columbian and Colonial Latin American Art
Committee Members: Cécile Fromont
Savannah is a doctoral candidate concentrating on the art and architecture of early-colonial Mexico. She received a BA Magna Cum Laude with Honors in Art History and Religious Studies from the University of Iowa (2009) and a MA in Art History from the University of Illinois at Chicago (2011). Savannah's research focuses on ornament in Mexico's sixteenth-century mendicant monasteries and the circulation of Renaissance architectural treatises. Savannah has completed intensive training in Classical and Modern Nahuatl through the Zacatecas Institute for Teaching and Research in Ethnology (IDIEZ) and was awarded a 2014-2015 Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad fellowship to pursue dissertation research.
Research Interests: Chinese Art, Religious architecture and art from the Tang dynasty (618-907), Dunhuang art
Anne Feng received her BA with Honors in Art History from New York University (2010). Her Honors Thesis focused on Song dynasty Ten Kings of Hell paintings from Ningbo in their local religious environment. Her paper on the reconstruction of the National Museum of China at Tiananmen Square was published in Ink & Image, New York University's journal of undergraduate research. Prior to her graduate studies, Anne worked as an intern at the Palace Museum, Beijing, and helped organize several exhibitions for the summer of 2008. She also interned at the Metropolitan Museum of Art from 2008-09, working on the Special Collection "The World of Kublai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty". Her research interests are religious mural paintings, concepts of sacred space, Pure Land Buddhism, Dunhuang art, and Medieval Japanese Buddhist paintings.
Research Interests: Historiography of art history, medieval urbanism, thanatology, tomb sculpture, history of the moving image, critical theory, time travel
Luke Fidler studies the history of medieval art. His work has examined the intersection of medieval theology and avant-garde film practice; Flemish illumination and the writings of Hélène Cixous; and, most recently, the iterative object in medieval culture.
Hanne received her BA in French and MA Film Studies from University College London and did an MA in Contemporary Art at Sotheby's Institute of Art London before coming to the University of Chicago. She is interested in modern and contemporary art and film, in particular artists who work at the intersection of vernacular architecture, objects and practices of everyday life.
Tessa is a doctoral student working on early twentieth century Japanese visual culture and media studies. She received her BA in Art History from Lewis and Clark College in 2009 and her MA in East Asian Studies from Duke University in 2014. Her MA thesis focused on the postcard medium as both an intimate possession and a global communication tool, which offered new ways for modern artists, such as Fujishima Takeji, to reach audiences. She is particularly interested in issues of modernity in Japan, the impact of international encounters on artistic production, and intersections between modern art and new media.
Melissa studies medieval art. She received her BA from the University of Toronto (2011), completing programs in Art History, Philosophy, and Women & Gender Studies, and earned an MA from the Graduate Program in the History of Art at Williams College (2014). Her qualifying paper examined the sixth-century Byzantine herbal called the Vienna Dioscorides.
Melissa's research interests include manuscripts and their making, medieval epistemology, nature and artifice, and the historiography of style. Melissa also has a special interest in technical art history, and as the 2013-14 Lenett Memorial Fellow in Art Conservation at the Williamstown Art Conservation Center she diagnosed and treated a 1965 Claes Oldenburg maquette. Before coming to the University of Chicago, she held a joint appointment in the Publications Department and the Research and Academic Program at the Clark Art Institute.
Research Interests: Korean and Chinese art
Research Interests: Medieval liturgy, illuminated manuscripts, patronage, medieval bishops and clergy
Claire is a PhD candidate writing her dissertation on the liturgical manuscripts owned by Metz bishop Renaud de Bar (1303-1316). The dissertation studies the role played by Renaud de Bar's books in the exercise and representation of episcopal power, and how art and ritual intervened in political debates and conflict in the Gothic period.
She collaborated with Aden Kumler to co-curate the 'Fragments of the Medieval Past' micro-exhibition for the Smart Museum's 2015 'Objects and Voices: A Collection of Stories' exhibition. Claire earned her BA in Art History at Oberlin College, writing her undergraduate thesis on the Beauvais Missal, a thirteenth-century book disbound by modern bibliophile Otto Ege.
Research Interests: Italian Renaissance art
Research Interests: Magazines, the history of design, 19th to 21st century European art, German art, history of museums and display practices, materiality and material culture, queer art.
Max, who hails from Berlin (East), graduated from the London School of Economics (BSc, 2004) and the Courtauld Institute of Art (MA, 2006), where he studied German Romantic art with Professor Joseph Leo Koerner. He studies European art of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with a particular focus on the history of modern and contemporary German art.
Max's dissertation project, directed by Christine Mehring and Ralph Ubl (Basel), is a history of the Berlin-based art nouveau magazine PAN (1895-1900) as part of a larger history of the mediation of the applied arts in the outgoing nineteenth century, in particular in art magazines.
Max has held internships and fellowships at the Art Institute of Chicago, the Musée d'art moderne de la Ville de Paris, and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. His research has been supported by the German Schiller Association, the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the Samuel H. Kress Foundation and others.
For the academic years of 2016-2018, Max is based in Berlin at the Kunstbibliothek as a doctoral fellow in the Connecting Art Histories in the Museum (CAHIM) program of the Kunsthistorische Institut Florenz and the Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin.
Research Interests: Cross-cultural exchange and interaction in the Mediterranean basin; issues of patronage and reception, including collecting, display, and gift exchange; intersections between art, science, and the materiality of objects
Nora is a PhD student focusing on Italian Renaissance art, with a secondary concentration in Islamic art of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. She received her undergraduate degree in Art History from Mount Holyoke College. Nora was the Dorothy J. del Bueno Curatorial Fellow at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where she curated the 2014 exhibition, Picasso Prints: Myths, Minotaurs, and Muses. She has also held positions at the Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, and several New York City museums. Her paper on the depiction of crusading in the Piccolomini Library in Siena Cathedral was published by Ashgate Press in 2015.
Research Interests: Modern and contemporary Chinese art and architecture; Chinese urban modernity; architecture and its visual representations; visual culture
Nancy P. Lin is a doctoral student studying modern and contemporary Chinese art and architecture with Professor Wu Hung and Professor Katherine Fischer Taylor. Her work focuses on the intersection of art, architecture, and visual culture, particularly in the production of urban spaces in China through imaginative artistic and cultural practices. Nancy received her B.A. with highest honors in History of Art and Architecture at Harvard University. Her thesis, "Imagining Shanghai: Xintiandi and the Construction of Shanghai Identity," examined the role of architectural image-making during a period of socio-economic and cultural change in Shanghai. Prior to her current studies she worked for the architectural industry in marketing, an experience that informed her thinking on how design and spatial ideas are effectively conveyed.
Sandy is a Ph.D. student whose research focuses on modern Japanese art and more broadly the transnational interactions in modern East Asian art and visual culture. Recently, she has become interested in applying methods of network analysis and data visualization to the study of modern Japanese art collectives, group exhibitions, and art magazines. In summer 2015, she participated in the Getty-sponsored digital art history institute, "Building a Digital Portfolio" at the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media.
She received her B.A. in art history at Santa Clara University, where she completed her senior thesis on the Taiwan-born artist Chen Jin. A revised version of her thesis was published in the journal Modern Art Asia. Before joining the department, she worked in the Asian Art Department at the Art Institute of Chicago, where she oversaw a digital imaging project of their Chinese art collection. At AIC, she also worked at the Photography Department as a research assistant and translator to the exhibition Provoke: Photography in Japan between Protest and Performance, 1960-1975.
Research Interests: Architecture, Modern and Contemporary Art, Historiography
Jesse studies 20th-century art and architecture. Her dissertation, A City Is Not A Picture, examines the work of the French-Hungarian architect Yona Friedman and theorizes the changing status of the architectural image in the postwar period. She also works on the historiography of art history, researching the development of formalism and the role of photography in the formation of the discipline. Jesse is the recipient of a 2015-2016 CLIR Mellon Dissertation Fellowship in the Humanities in Original Sources, the 2014 Schiff Foundation Critical Architectural Writing Fellowship and a 2008-2009 T. J. Watson Fellowship.
Melanie Lukas studies the arts of Africa in exchange with Latin America and Europe during the early modern period with Professor Cécile Fromont. She is interested in the patronage, production, and transmission of art across cultures, and the role of the art object within various economies of value. She received her dual BA in the History of Art and International Studies at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. As an undergraduate she interned in the department of African art at the Detroit Institute of Arts. Prior to beginning graduate studies, she worked at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, as an assistant in the department of modern prints and drawings and in the publishing office.
Research Interests: Late Medieval and Early Modern scientific images, book history and manuscript studies, Late Antique material culture, and the historiography of art, particularly in Warburgian contexts
Alexandra Marraccini received her BA from Yale University in History (2009), where she was a Bartels Fellow at the Yale Center for British Art and a recipient of the Van Sinderen Book Collecting Prize. She earned her MA in Medieval Studies at University of Toronto (2010-11), where she continued to work on book illustration as a locus of discourse about nature and the structure of natural knowledge. Her research focuses on Late Medieval and Early Modern scientific images, particularly alchemical and medical material, in England, Scotland, Germany, and the Netherlands. Her interests in the field also include book history and manuscript studies, Late Antique material culture, and the historiography of art, particularly in Warburgian contexts. Currently, she is writing on the history of Hermetic-scientific images and diagrams, and her work on Elias Ashmole's copies of the Ripley Scrolls is forthcoming in the journal Abraxas.
Research Interests: Nineteenth Century French Art; Drawing Practices and Techniques; Modern Aesthetics; Phenomenology; Theories of Perception and Representation
Tamar is pursuing a joint degree in the Department of Art-History and the Committee on Social Thought. She works on 19th-century French Art. Her dissertation project focuses on the drawings of Jacques-Louis David, and more broadly, on the functions of preparatory processes in early 19th century French painting. Tamar received her B.A. (Honors) from Tel-Aviv University, with a double major in art-history and in the interdisciplinary humanities program. She also studied in the New-York Studio School for Drawing, Painting and Sculpture, and has extensive training as a studio artist.
Research Interests: historiographies of the projected moving image; television; abstraction; minimalism; new media; art and politics; performance; happenings; queer aesthetics; and early cinema
Nelson has written art criticism for Artforum since 2012 and is a member of Association of International Art Critics, U.S. (AICA-USA). Self-designed undergraduate courses taught at the University of Chicago include "History of Video Art" (Fall 2013) and "New Queer Cinema and the Art of the 'Culture Wars,' 1980s-1990s" (forthcoming, Winter 2015).
Research Interests: Chinese art, history of Chinese landscape painting
Quincy Ngan received his BA degree at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2007, with a thesis on the use of colors in the Qing dynasty painter Wang Yuanqi's oeuvre. He is currently writing his doctoral dissertation on the great sixteenth century painter Qiu Ying, focusing on his use of colors and the materiality of pigments. He is particularly interested in connoisseurship, "the Blue-and-Green Landscape" tradition in Chinese painting, and the symbolic value of pigments and other materials in different socio-cultural contexts. His article appears in The National Palace Museum Monthly (October 2014). Other than being a research assistant in the university's Digital Scrolling Paintings Project, Quincy also assists the Visual Resources Center in expanding its database with Chinese and Japanese materials. Starting from 2014, Quincy has assisted Dr. Katherine Tsiang with the Tianlongshan Caves Project.
Catalina is a doctoral student of pre-Columbian and Colonial Latin American art history. Her research explores the multivalence of colonial aesthetics and the ways in which the pre-Columbian tradition was condensed and transformed in colonial art. Catalina wrote her MA thesis on the works of Doris Salcedo from the 1990s, investigating the ways in which their materiality was connected with the socio-political context of Colombia. She received an M.A. from the University of Chicago and a B.S. from Universidad de los Andes.
Chloe is a PhD student working on Early Modern Italian painting. She is especially interested in artists who worked outside of large urban centers and developed independent styles that have been historically labeled 'provincial'. She received her BA in the History of Art at Johns Hopkins University, where she wrote her senior thesis on issues of site, space, and place in Carlo Crivelli's 15th century altarpieces in Ascoli-Piceno, Italy. She has held curatorial internships at the Hirshhorn Museum and the Evergreen House Museum, and most recently served as a Research Assistant at the Blanton Museum of Art in Austin, Texas.
Research Interests: 19th Century European Art
Research Interests: Conceptual art, language, and semiotics; art and science; and fashion and design history
Victoria is a doctoral candidate in modern and contemporary art. She received her B.A. in art history from Haverford College in 2007. She specializes in postwar German and American art and is writing her dissertation on German conceptual artist Hanne Darboven.
Research Interests: Film, new media, and contemporary art
Research Interests: European avant-gardes; post-war Austria from concrete poetry to Günter Brus; artistic collaboration; Dieter Roth; the techniques of the avant-gardes; metaphors for modernity; "Über die Malerei oder Zeichen und Mal" (1917)
Caroline received her B.A. in German Literature and Art History from Harvard University, where she wrote her thesis on the figure of the library in counter-monumental sculpture and prose in Germany and Austria at the turn of the 21st century. Supported by a DAAD scholarship, she returned to Berlin for an extended stay, completing her Masters in Kulturwissenschaft at the Humboldt Universität with a thesis on the cultural history of scissors and the relation of cutting practices to image making in Western religious and medical contexts. Her dissertation on two "groups" of artists working in Vienna (the so-called wiener gruppe and the Aktionisten, 1948-1969) is taking shape around questions of artistic collaboration, language, and action as analysis.
Research Interests: The role of medieval art at the intersection of scholasticism, Aristotelian philosophy, natural science, and the study of optics in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
Martin studied Art History at the University of Vienna and specialized in medieval devotional art and illuminated manuscripts. He received his M.A. degree in 2009 with a thesis on the Strasbourg Exemplar. That same year, he was a graduate intern in the Manuscripts Department at the J. Paul Getty Museum and guest curated a manuscripts exhibition entitled "Heaven, Hell, and Dying Well: Images of Death in the Middle Ages," which opened in May 2012. Coinciding with the exhibit, his article "Visions of the Afterlife" (Apollo Magazine, May 2012) investigates visual representations of hell c. 1500 A.D.
Research Interests: illustrations, words and images in Chinese and Japanese art
Yunfei received her B.A in Art History from the University of Hong Kong in 2010 and her M.A from the University of Chicago in 2011. Her research interest focuses on the text-image relationship in East Asian art. Her master's thesis examines a set of woodblock illustrations in late imperial China. Her paper on a lacquer table excavated from general Zhu Ran's tomb of the Wu Kingdom in the Six Dynasties was published by Peking University in 2013.
Research Interests: Chinese art
Research Interests: Contemporary art and queer studies
Jenn Sichel is a PhD candidate studying modern and contemporary art and criticism. Her dissertation, Criticism without Authority: Gene Swenson, Jill Johnston, Gregory Battcock, examines a group of critics working against the grain of dominant sixties-era art criticism to advance possibilities for other, queerer, more sympathetic ways of coping with art. Jenn holds a B.A. in Art History and Philosophy from Boston University (2006) and an M.A. in Art History from Williams College (2008). While at Williams, she curated an exhibition at MASS MoCA titled "Being Here is Better Than Wishing We'd Stayed: An Installation by the Miss Rockaway Armada." Before coming to the University of Chicago, she was the researcher and contributing author to the exhibition and catalogue Hide/Seek: Difference and Desire in American Portraiture, which opened at the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery in 2010.
Nancy studies medieval art and architecture with Professor Aden Kumler. She graduated from Agnes Scott College (2008) and then attended the Courtauld Institute of Art, where she earned her MA (2009) and specialized in medieval manuscript studies. Nancy wrote her MA thesis on British Library MS Egerton 1821 and subsequently published an article offering a gendered account of the manuscript's blood-ridden pages (Medieval Feminist Forum, June 2010). Following the Courtauld, she completed a "Diplôme de muséologie" at the Ecole du Louvre. She has since worked for artist Judy Chicago and has written on Chicago's land art happenings in Above: For the Earth and Bitch: A Feminist Response to Pop Culture magazines. Nancy has interned for The Cloisters and the Musée de Cluny. Her dissertation, "Non est hic: Figuring the Absent Christ in Early Medieval Art" studies images of Christ after his Resurrection between the tenth through twelfth centuries. She currently holds a Kress History of Art Institutional Fellowship (2015-2017) at the Institut national d'histoire de l'art in Paris and a Mellon International Dissertation Research Fellowship (2015-16).
Anatole Upart is a doctoral student specializing in Italian Renaissance art and architecture. He received his BFA in printmaking from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (1999) and MA in art history from UIC (2011). During his undergrad years he worked as an intern and a research assistant at the Art Institute of Chicago (Prints and Drawings Department) on Soviet WWII propaganda posters. His current research explores effects of ritual life of religious communities on the built environment of the Early Modern period as well as of the mid-twentieth century.
Research Interests: History of photography, documentary practices, modern and contemporary African art, modern and contemporary American art, and the landscape in visual art
Leslie Wilson is a PhD candidate specializing in contemporary documentary photography and its relationship to art, the everyday, reportage, and protest movements. Her dissertation considers approaches to photography as a documentary medium in South Africa, 1980-2000s. She received a BA (hon.) from Wellesley College in International Relations where her senior thesis examined efforts by governmental and non-governmental organizations to curb the spread of HIV/AIDS in Uganda.
Research Interests: Medieval manuscripts, Early Modern, Italian Renaissance, Baroque spectacle
Kelli Wood is a Ph.D. candidate specializing in Early Modern Art. She is currently pursuing her dissertation "The Space of Play: Games in Early Modern Italy" under the direction of Rebecca Zorach, Niall Atkinson, and Aden Kumler. From September 2014 she is a CASVA Samuel H. Kress Fellow with the National Gallery of Art.
Wood has advanced her research as a Fulbright Fellow at the Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz - Max-Planck-Institut, and through work on exhibitions at the Art Institute of Chicago, Newberry Library, and Smart Museum of Art. Wood curated the exhibition "On the Edge: Medieval Margins and the Margins of Academic Life" at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center, visible also online at http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/webexhibits/ontheedge/. Her teaching interests include courses on Italian and Northern Renaissance Art, Medieval Art, Early Modern Architecture and Urban Space, History of the Book, Baroque Art, and Introduction to Art.
Research Interests: Manuscript illumination, history of the book, medieval vernacular literature, courtly art and court culture
Beth Woodward is a PhD candidate specializing in medieval art. Her dissertation focuses on "courtly" art, with a particular interest in the intersection of artistic, literary, and cultural practices in thirteenth-century France. Her research interests include medieval romance literature and its illustration, luxury objects, theories of viewership and reception, and medieval practices of display and disguise.
Research Interests: Chinese art, Religious and funerary art of the medieval China (220-907 C.E.), especially Buddhist and Daoist architecture and sculpture, tomb murals and carvings, and cultural exchange on the Silk Road
Jin received his BA in international politics from Renmin University of China. He then studied art history at Peking University and University of Virginia. His love of Dunhuang art and the Silk Road culture led him to major in art history. Influenced by Li Song and Dorothy Wong, both of whom have served as his advisers in the MA programs, he has also been interested in Buddhist and Daoist steles of the Northern Dynasties. Now working with Wu Hung, he focuses his dissertation on sarcophagi of the sixth century China, which reflect major artistic trends of the time and include some unique sarcophagi made for ethnic Xianbei people and Sogdian immigrants.
Research Interests: History of photography in China
Tingting studies the Chinese history of photography with Professor Wu Hung. She received her BA in photojournalism from People's University in China, and a MFA in photography from the Parsons School of Design in New York. Her research focuses on how the Chinese perspective of photography was shaped, inheriting both local art styles and western thought in late Imperial period. Prior to her PhD studies, Tingting worked as a specialist at the Huachen Auction House in Beijing for dating, identifying and evaluating 19th century photographs. She also worked as the research staff at the China Photo Archives (Xinhua News Agency). Tingting published her book NICHE:In or Out - Interviews with Contemporary American Photographic Artists in 2009, and was the translator for the first two volumes of Terry Bennett's History of Photography in China (2010, 2013).
Zhiyan Yang is a doctoral student specializing in modern and contemporary East Asian art. After spending three years at Sarah Lawrence College, bracketing a year abroad at the University of Oxford, studying mainly Western art, Zhiyan regained his interests of what is closest to his heart, Chinese art. Working at Xu Bing Studio in Brooklyn, New York as an intern, he had the chance to view the contemporary Chinese art world from a rather different perspective. His current research interests include traditional art media, architecture, visual culture, and the relationship among all three in the context of the idea of modernity from the late 19th century up to today. Aside from China, Zhiyan has also developed a passion for Japanese art and photography after the Second World War.
After receiving undergraduate degrees in Art History, Philosophy, and Classical Studies from Saint Peter's University, Christine thought her wide Humanities background particularly suited her to teach Mathematics to New York City Public School children, which she did while obtaining a Master's in Teaching (Math Concentration) from Pace University. After many tedious years and a small epiphany involving The Wizard of Oz, she returned to her first and true love, Art History, and studied for a Master's from CUNY–Hunter College. Christine's thesis examined the complexities of Alessandro Allori's Montauto Chapel of SS. Annunziata in Florence. She has interned with Save Venice, Inc., volunteered for the Guggenheim Museum of Art, and is the 2014 Summer Curatorial Intern in the Old Master's Drawings Department of the National Gallery of Art, DC. Christine's current research interests are the transfer and manifestation of style in 16th Century Italy, especially as it relates to the rise of the art academy, professional rivalry, and the longue durée of the life of Michelangelo.
Research Interests: Late Medieval Chinese Art
Arts of the steppe peoples, who formed the Five Dynasties, Liao, Xia, Jin, and Yuan China(s), interest Dongshan the most. Before he came to Chicago, Dongshan completed coursework and internships at Chinese University of Hong Kong, Palace Museum (Beijing), Williams College, Columbia University, and Metropolitan Museum of Art. His M.A. thesis deals with the flowers and birds in a Yuan dynasty wall painting, Medicine Buddha Bhaisajyaguru.
Research Interests: Modern Chinese Art and Architecture
Xi studies modern Chinese art and architecture with Professor Wu Hung. Prior to entering the Ph.D program at the University of Chicago in 2012, she received her M.A in Art History from University of Louisville. Her thesis focuses on a case study of the Paramount Ballroom, entitled "The Paramount Ballroom in the 1930s: A Modernist Social and Architectural Space." It examines how this ballroom emerged, how it was interpreted by Chinese society, and the historical role it played in modernizing Shanghai's urban space in the 1930s. She is particularly interested in how early 20th century Chinese art and architecture are borrowed, adopted, incorporated, and reinterpreted in both historical and cultural contexts.
Research Interests: Chinese art, visual art and aesthetic mentalities of Middle Period China (ca. 800-1400), the painting-spectatordom relationship, Chinese art historiography
Meng Zhao is a PhD student studying Chinese art with a particular focus on painting practice of Middle Period China (ca. 800-1400). Meng received her B.A. in Chinese Language and Literature at Fudan University and her M.A. in History of Art and Archaeology of East Asia at SOAS University of London. Her master's dissertation addressed a dramaturgical schema activated by the act of gazing frequently depicted in the Southern Song (1127-1279) court painting. Meng is particularly interested in the tension between the understanding of paintings as self-knowledge and the social dimensions of aesthetic mentalities, and in the sensuous credibility of pictorial representation of the middle period.


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With our continuous growth in the financial and banking environment as well as increase in number of branches, there is indeed a revolution that is taking place at Crane Bank. Therefore, when you join Crane Bank, you do not merely become an employee of a bank but join a family who are part of this revolution. You get immense growth opportunities, a stimulating work environment, challenging assignments and cross-functional exposure.
We recognize the need to attract and motivate talented people who have the drive and enthusiasm to find innovative ideas for our business and see to the fulfillment of our customers' needs. Crane Bank is looking for people who share our values, mission and vision. They should be flexible, witty, qualified, and experienced people to complement the teams.
It is also not without reason that the statement "serving to grow, growing to serve" is our slogan of choice. At Crane Bank, extending care to all the stakeholders comes naturally to the employees because we create a work environment where they feel cared about. So come, experience and be a part of the revolution. For opportunities, contact:
The Manager, Human Resource
Crane Bank Limited

subset: commoncrawl


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ADA Info
June 6- August 6
On November 14, the Baldwin Boettcher Mystery Book Club will bring their favorite author with them. Do you have a new and exciting mystery author you would like to introduce to everyone? We will have a light snack and discuss why this is our current new author. As you know the mystery genre is ever changing and giving us new and exciting things to read about. So bring your newest favorite or your familiar friend that you always rely on and join us at 2 pm, November 14th in the Language Lab.
Title to be discussed: A Dish Taken Cold, by Anne Perry. Time of meeting: Monday, November 5, at 6:30 pm. Summary: Edgar Award-winning novelist Anne Perry turns her unerring historical eye to Paris 1792. Revolution is yielding to the Terror, and the city is hungry--for justice, for vengeance, for bread. So, too, is Celie Deleure, a servant in the household of the celebrated Madame de Stael, when her infant son suffers an inexplicable dea
Please help us celebrate the Gulf Coast Reads by donating an item to our Food Bank Drive. The book featured this year in the Gulf Coasts Reads, "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close" was about our terrorist attack in 2001. We would like everyone to take part in this incredible story by donating an item here at the library so we may take it to our local food bank. If you have any questions on the items you may donate please call us at the library, 281-821-1320 and we will help you out with your decision. No item is too small. Please make sure the expiration date has not been reached yet. Thanking you in advance for making our food drive a success.
Baldwin Boettcher Staff
Do you know someone who wants to learn English? Next month Baldwin Boettcher will begin a brand new ESL class for adults who speak little or no English. The new class will meet on Thursdays from 1 to 3 pm, starting on October 11. As with all library programs, this class is free. Those interested are encouraged to drop by the library to fill out a student contact form, but pre-registration is not necessary. For more information, please contact Cindy at the library (281-821-1320). Photo credit: Baldwin Boettcher Branch photo
Just a few pictures of hats for all to see.
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Slim fit
The model (height 5'8" and waist 28") is wearing a size M
Sylish and in-vogue, our design team have added a hint of retro chic to this contemporary essential. The luxe, stretchy fabric is designed to fit your shape, making every day perfect for leggings. Style this with a white shirt-dress and clunky heels or with traditional kurtis and ethnic sandals.
Cream leggings with a soft elasticated waistband
Wash separately


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With Castleford in the Super League top three and into the last eight of the Challenge Cup, Grant Millington can sense an unspoken belief that the Tigers are on their way to silverware.
Last season was a miserable one for the Tigers, finishing third from bottom in the league and exiting the cup at the first time of asking.
Just over halfway through this season, Daryl Powell's side have already collected more Super League points than last year and a Challenge Cup quarter-final with reigning champions Wigan Warriors awaits on Saturday.
Former Cronulla Sharks forward Millington knows visiting the DW Stadium is a tough task, but says Castleford must beat the big teams to prove their title credentials.
"It hasn't really been spoken about but the confidence has risen that much, it is unbelievable. I think we all know we have a chance of doing something," said Millington.
"The feeling in the place is unbelievable -- it is hard to explain. If I could tell you exactly what has changed, I would be a millionaire. There is just a real togetherness with the boys at the moment.
"We have been lucky enough to beat them (Wigan) the last two times and I think they are going to be out for a bit of revenge."
Fellow Aussie Luke Dorn, who played for Castleford in 2008 before returning this year, has grabbed five tries in his last two games as the Tigers have collected three wins on the bounce.
And Millington knows the versatile 31-year-old has played his part this year, but a new team ethic is also a major reason for the turnaround.
"Dorny is unbelievable," he added. "He has got a really good rugby league brain. Coming into a big game at the weekend, having a player like that in your side is so important.
"It is nice to be picking up a head of steam heading into the second half of the season. I think we surprised a few teams the first time around."
Warrington Wolves visit Bradford Bulls on Sunday to wrap up the quarter-final action and veteran Australian hooker Michael Monaghan is targeting a trophy more than most.
Monaghan announced last weekend that he will retire at the end of the season and leaving Odsal with a win on Sunday would see him take another step towards bowing out with a winner's medal.
"A massive thank you to everyone who has made my time at the club so enjoyable and I look forward to hopefully ending my time here on a high," he said.
"It's been a privilege playing here for seven years, winning Challenge Cups and playing in Grand Finals. It's all gone better than I could have hoped for or expected.
"I've enjoyed my time here and the atmosphere created by the fans over the years has been great."
Elsewhere Leeds Rhinos host Leigh on Friday and Chris Clarkson insists they won't be underestimating the lower-league opposition.
"Leigh are in great form and we are aware that it will not be easy by any means," said the Rhinos forward. "They have been one of the top Championship teams for a while now and they will be ready for the game I'm sure."
Widnes Vikings v Keighley
Leeds Rhinos v Leigh
Saturday June
Wigan Warriors v Castleford Tigers
Sunday June 8
Bradford Bulls v Warrington Wolves


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by Hayes Brown Sep 16, 2014
His version of authorization against ISIS, Schiff hopes, will be effective while still preserving Congress' role in declaring war.
by Hayes Brown Sep 11, 2014
The president thinks Congress actually gave him the greenlight nearly thirteen years ago.
by Hayes Brown May 21, 2014
Up for debate Wednesday: whether or not to keep in place the 2001 authorization that has led to the U.S. acting in Somalia, Pakistan, Yemen, and beyond.
by Hayes Brown Aug 27, 2013
Congress is still on vacation as President Obama mulls a military response in Syria. Does that matter ahead of when the missiles start flying?


text:
Rainfall in Southern Europe May Bring Floods, AccuWeather Says
Rainfall in southern Europe in the three days through Nov. 6 may trigger damaging floods, forecaster AccuWeather.com said.
Northern and central Italy, southern France and northern Spain will get the heaviest rains, locally exceeding 10 centimeters (4 inches), Jim Andrews, a senior meteorologist at AccuWeather, wrote in a note on the forecaster's website today.
"Rainfall this high is capable of significant flooding, especially if it happens within a day or less," Andrews wrote. "During bouts of excessive rain, runoff can race down steep slopes, turning streams into dangerous torrents."
Italy last week declared a state of emergency in northwestern areas after parts of Tuscany and Liguria were hit by mudslides and floods following heavy rain.
The highest rainfall in the next three days is likely to be in hilly coastal areas as well as foothills and mountains, from the Alps and Apennines to the Pyrenees and Cantabrian Range in Spain, according to AccuWeather.


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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Nov 01st, 2006
Running Time: 69
Director: Ashley Blue
Company: JM Productions
Cast: Tiffany Lee, Cassandra Cruz, Mya Mason, Ashley Blue, Katrina Isis, Zoe Matthews, Cytherea, Kaylani Cream, Nyeema Knoxxx, Allie Ray, Candace Raines, Nikole Richie, Miko Sinz, Belle D?Leon, Tonya Hardin, Cassidy Blue, Ericka Lockett, Ann Parker, Marti Jame, Crissy Cums, Sophia Mounds, Bianca Valentino, Mia Lelani, Jada Fire, Mia Knight, Kimberly Kane, Mindy (I), Sunshine (I), Crystal Clear (II), Gabriella Banks, Kelly Leigh, Essence, Serene Dream, Sinnamon Love, Midnight Sky, Crystal Heart, Nikki Nievez, Kayla Quinn, Missy Monroe, Cheyenne Hunter, Shadow Cat, Lilliana Monrue, Sexy Brown
Critical Rating: AAA 1/2
Genre: Specialty
Let it be known right off the bat that there is more female cum onscreen in this feature than in 15 you're likely to see all year, even squirting features. Lesbian Bukkake 6 features a group of ladies who love to squirt all over other ladies? faces. And that's awful nice.
Kudos to Ashley Blue for putting this squirting kinkfest together. Of the scenes here, the best is the one featuring Cytherea as a gal who just happens to get in the way of a lesbian rally, and ends up with her body drowned in cum for the effort. Watching this bevy of ladies open their lovely cunts and squirt is very nice, indeed.
At times, the feature is a little loud and disorganized, and it can get a little annoying watching all these angry dykes scream at each other, but the pussy is awesome, and the cum runs like wine.
Retailing: Very solid squirt feature that fans will love.


text:
A federal judge in Brooklyn on Tuesday sentenced disgraced NBA referee Tim Donaghy to 15 months in prison. Although the sentencing is a conclusion to an investigation and prosecution that began a bit more than a year ago, some questions have not yet been answered. Here are some of the remaining questions and their answers:
Is the sentence of 15 months in prison a surprise? Is it a stiff sentence or a lenient sentence?
Yes, the length of the sentence is a surprise. It is a surprisingly stiff sentence. Donaghy was quick to assist the government in its investigation of gambling on NBA games. He was the only one of the three men charged who cooperated in the investigation, and his information was the foundation of the prosecutions of James Battista, the professional gambler who led the scheme, and Thomas Martino, the high school pal who passed information from Donaghy to Battista. Federal prosecutors depend on cooperating witnesses. A witness who helps the investigation ordinarily is rewarded with a significant reduction in prison time. Early in May, prosecutors filed what is known as a "5K letter," telling the judge that Donaghy's information defined the "crux of the crime." A 5K letter is usually a stay-out-of-jail-free card. But Donaghy was not rewarded for his cooperation. If the prosecutors and U.S. District Judge Carol Bagley Amon had followed their usual practices and protocols, Donaghy would have been sentenced to five or six months in jail.
Why was Judge Amon so hard on Donaghy?
Donaghy was the centerpiece of a national scandal. In the glare of the NBA's worst nightmare, it would have been difficult for the judge to grant a lighter sentence. She was not the only one under pressure from the scandal and its extensive coverage. Even though prosecutors supported Donaghy in some court papers that supported less time in prison, they also responded to the scandal and backed away from him in court papers filed more recently. In addition to the notoriety and the media coverage, the judge and prosecutors seemed to respond to enormous pressures from the NBA. The NBA hired two "boutique" law firms that focus on criminal cases in the federal system, firms that include numerous former federal prosecutors on their rosters. Using their network of connections, the NBA's lawyers made it clear to all involved that this was not the usual case in which the cooperating witness should be rewarded.
Is this the end? Is the NBA gambling scandal over?
Yes, it is over. It is highly unlikely that any other referees will be investigated or charged. The FBI has Donaghy's telephone records. It has tracked down thousands of calls, and it has found no one else involved in gambling with Donaghy. If there had been others involved, the federal agents would have found them and charged them by now. Donaghy gave federal agents other information about other referees and league officials manipulating games to protect NBA stars and to increase television ratings. The FBI checked on that information. Court papers indicate that the FBI believed Donaghy had been truthful in these assertions. However, there have been no criminal charges resulting from these allegations because the FBI concluded that no crimes had been committed. The alleged game manipulation may be offensive to fans. It may be unethical. But it did not rise to the level of a federal crime. Other assertions from Donaghy were so old that the statute of limitations had expired, and the FBI did not even investigate them.
How much time will Donaghy actually spend in prison?
A prisoner in the federal penitentiary system typically serves 85 percent of the sentence ordered by the judge. Donaghy will serve about a year. If he is able to work his way into a prison treatment program, he could cut his sentence by a few months. It is clear that he suffers from a gambling disorder, but prison officials are often slow to grant any sort of break or favor to a celebrity inmate. He will start his incarceration in late September, and is likely to be released early in October of 2009.
What lessons does the Donaghy scandal offer?
There are two aspects of the Donaghy scandal that are scary and should draw the immediate attention of NBA commissioner David Stern. The first is that Donaghy began betting on NBA games in 2003. For four years, the NBA knew nothing about his gambling despite an elaborate system of supervision and evaluation of referees. The NBA did not discover Donaghy's gambling. The FBI discovered it and described it to NBA officials. Stern and the league need to take a serious look at their management of their 60 referees.
The second, and perhaps more important, revelation from the scandal is Donaghy's phenomenal success in predicting the outcomes of NBA games. Although the information is incomplete, we know that Donaghy was successful in picking 37 of 47 games. That is the kind of success that will make gamblers wealthy. What was the basis of Donaghy's success? According to federal prosecutors, he used his position as a referee to learn the identities of officiating crews for specific games, his knowledge of relationships between referees and players and "team personnel," and his knowledge of the "physical condition of certain players." Should that knowledge be enough to predict the winner of a regular-season NBA game nearly 80 percent of the time? Shouldn't LeBron James or
Dwyane Wade or Kobe Bryant have more impact on outcomes? Shouldn't coaching, scouting, conditioning and preparation be greater factors? Isn't there something wrong with a competition whose outcome is so dependent on the identities of the referees? Although they are unlikely to discuss it publicly, Stern and the NBA must be concerned about the incredible success that resulted from Donaghy's fairly limited information.
Lester Munson, a Chicago lawyer and journalist who reports on investigative and legal issues in the sports industry, is a senior writer for ESPN.com.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 7, 2010
|Filing date
|Dec 23, 2008
|Priority date
|Dec 23, 2008
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Larry Royer, Michael Meshey, Ufuk Senturk
|Original Assignee
|Potters Industries, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (2), Classifications (6), Legal Events (11)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to inorganic microspheres, including inorganic microspheres having a defined particle size distribution. More particularly, it relates to inorganic microspheres having a d50 value from 1 to 50 microns and optionally having a size distribution ratio (d90−d10)/d50 of at least 0.5 and/or not greater than 2. Such microspheres may be prepared by spheridization of zeolite crystals and may be used for whitening polymer compositions and in other filler applications.
Small glass beads, or microspheres, have traditionally been used in a variety of applications. In one widely-used application, the microspheres are added to any of a variety of polymer compositions, with these compositions benefiting from the inclusion of the beads in any of a number of ways. For example, they may be used as reinforcement fillers for both thermoplastics and thermosetting resins to improve physical and thermal properties, reduce cost, and solve production problems. The spherical shape and non-porous morphology provide certain advantages when used in such applications. Incorporation of spherical glass particles increases the flow rate of polymers during forming operations, much as though the spheres are acting as tiny ball bearings. The non-porous and isotropic qualities of the microspheres may allow use of higher filler loadings, thereby reducing cost, and may further minimize the viscous drag between particles and allow for uniform and controllable shrinkage of molded parts during the cooling cycle. Typically, this helps to achieve formation of a smooth surface finish on the resulting parts.
Other particulate fillers, such as calcium carbonate, talc, and titanium dioxide may be used in polymer composites, coatings, and other formulation where whitening of the finished product is desired. However, many such fillers have irregular shapes and high surface areas that result in impeded flow during molding or other forming operations, thereby making such forming operations more difficult. It would be desirable to be able to use fillers that whiten compositions containing them, and provide the advantages afforded by spherical particles.
The particle size characteristics of glass microspheres can greatly influence their properties. For example, when the glass microspheres are to be used as a filler in a paint composition, the average size of the microspheres may affect viscosity and binder demand, the size distribution may affect packing and the resultant density and integrity of the paint film, and the top size may affect the gloss, sheen or smoothness of the paint as well as the tendency of the paint film to exhibit fracture failures or cracking.
Conventional production of glass microspheres typically involves comminution of glass (by milling, crushing and/or grinding) to provide irregularly-shaped glass particles that are then converted into spheroid form by feeding the particles into a vertical flame furnace which is maintained at a temperature effective to melt the glass particles. However, the glass particles tend to agglomerate as the particle size becomes small, resulting in the production of fused microspheres. Accordingly, it has been difficult to obtain glass microspheres which are fine and have a uniform particle size. In addition, the comminution step is laborious and energy-intensive. It would therefore be desirable to more directly obtain inorganic microspheres having a controlled, relatively narrow particle size distribution.
The present invention provides substantially solid inorganic microspheres having a d50 value from 1 to 50 microns. The microspheres of the present invention may be characterized as having a remarkably small particle size distribution. That is, the finest particles present in such a microsphere product are not substantially different in size from the largest particles, with the bulk of the particles being very close in size to the median particle size (d50). The particle size distribution may be described by the size distribution ratio (d90−d10)/d50. In one embodiment of the invention, the size distribution ratio is at least 0.5 or, alternatively, at least 0.6. In other embodiments, the size distribution ratio is not greater than 2 or, alternatively, not greater than 1.5.
More particularly, certain embodiments of the invention provide substantially solid inorganic spheres having a d50 value from 1 to 50 microns (or 3 to 10 microns) and a size distribution ratio (d90−d10)/d50 from 0.6 to 1.5, wherein one or more of the following conditions are met:
The invention provides substantially solid inorganic microspheres and compositions including them. In the context of the present invention, "substantially solid" means that the microspheres are not hollow, although in certain embodiments they may contain small amounts of bubbles. The volume % of gas bubble inclusion is relatively low or even zero.
The inorganic microspheres are characterized as being small in size, having a median particle size (d50) within the range of from 1 to 50 microns. In one embodiment, the d50 value of the inorganic microspheres is not greater than 10 microns, e.g., the microspheres have a d50 value in the range of 1 to 10 microns or 3 to 10 microns. Moreover, the particle size distribution of the microspheres is remarkably narrow, meaning that relatively few of the microspheres have a particle size substantially different from the d50 value. In particular, in one embodiment the ratio (d90−d10)/d50, where d10 is defined as the size of the particles comprising the finest 10% of the total volume of microspheres and d90 is defined as the size of the particles comprising the finest 90% of the total volume of microspheres, is not greater than 2. In another embodiment, such ratio is not greater than 1.5. Typically, the minimum value of (d90−d10)/d50 which can be attained in practice is 0.5. Particle size, e.g., the d10, d50 and d90 values, can be determined by standard laser light scattering methods, using, for example, a Mastersizer Microplus laser particle size analyzer (available from Malvern Instruments, Westborough, Mass.) or a Coulter Counter LS13320 particle size analyzer (available from Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, Calif.).
The inventors have found that products can be made with the inorganic microspheres of this invention having a high degree of whiteness while retaining benefits associated with the use of conventional glass microspheres. The whiteness of such products may be measured by the Hunter L, a, b method, particularly the L value. Typical microspheres according to the invention may provide a Hunter L value of at least 80, more typically at least 85, when incorporated at a 20 weight percent level in a cured polyester composite. In general, compositions including smaller microspheres provide a higher level of whiteness per unit weight of added microspheres to compositions containing them.
The microspheres may have a true density of at least 1.7 g/cm3, with the exact value depending upon a number of factors including the composition of the starting material used to prepare the microspheres and the volume percent of bubbles (if any) in the microspheres. Typically, the true density will be at least 1.9 g/cm3 or at least 2.0 g/cm3 for example between 2.1 and 2.30 g/cm3. True density may be measured using a nitrogen gas displacement pycnometer.
Typically at least 90 wt % or at least 95 wt % of the microspheres are measured to be spherical as determined by particle count using optical microscopy, counting as "spherical" all particles with an aspect ratio of 1.2 or less.
Inorganic microspheres according to the invention may be especially useful in applications where resistance to high pressure is an important performance parameter, since they are substantially solid and do not contain a high volume of bubbles or voids. For example, the microspheres may be incorporated into polymers to produce composite materials for extrusion, under which conditions sphere breakage has traditionally been observed for prior art hollow microspheres. Such breakage may cause undesirable effects such as decreased flowability of the polymer and decreased whiteness of the composite material. It has been found that microspheres according to the invention have good resistance to breakage under elevated pressures, and thus may perform well in polymer formulations for extrusion.
Preparation of the Microspheres
The inorganic microspheres of the present invention may be advantageously and conveniently prepared from zeolites, particularly synthetic zeolites. As will be explained in more detail subsequently, zeolite crystals may be subjected to a spheridization (spherulization) process wherein the crystals are heated to a temperature effective to cause at least the outer portion of individual crystal particles to melt and achieve a viscosity which permits the particles to assume the shape of spheres. The particle size and chemical composition of the inorganic microspheres produced are determined largely by the particle size and chemical composition of the zeolite entering the spheridization process, and thus may be readily controlled by selecting a particular zeolite having characteristics consistent with the desired characteristics of the microsphere product. For example, inorganic microspheres having a high content of alumina, e.g., greater than 25 or greater than 30 weight % Al2O3, can be readily prepared in accordance with the invention by using a zeolite such as zeolite A having a relatively high alumina content as a starting material. Normally, the manufacture of glass microspheres having a high content of alumina is challenging, since high alumina content glasses are not common and are difficult to manufacture via conventional manufacturing methods. As the purity and particle size of synthetic zeolites generally can be better controlled, as compared to zeolites obtained from natural sources, it is preferred to use synthetic zeolites for purposes of the present invention.
Zeolites (sometimes also referred to as molecular sieves) are natural or synthetic microporous crystalline inorganic compounds with three dimensional structures and generally contain silicon, aluminum, and oxygen in their framework and loosely held cations (e.g., sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or metal ions), water and/or other molecules in their pores. More particularly, zeolites may be aluminosilicates comprised of interlocking tetrahedrons of SiO4 and AlO4. The SiO4 and AlO4 structural elements impart a net negative charge to the pores that are responsible for holding the cations inside the pores and permits these cations to be readily exchanged with other cations. The term "zeolites" as used herein also includes microporous crystalline inorganic compounds with three dimensional structures which contain elements other than silicon, aluminum and oxygen in their framework, where such other elements (e.g., titanium) may, in effect, replace some or all of the silicon and aluminum atoms.
Synthetic zeolites can be made, for example, by slow crystallization of silica-alumina gels in the presence of alkalis and organic templates. The exact composition and structure of the product formed depend on the composition of the reaction mixture, pH of the medium, operating temperature, reaction time, and the template used.
Exemplary zeolites suitable as starting materials for preparing the inorganic microspheres of the present invention include zeolite A, zeolite X, zeolite Y, zeolite L, zeolite omega, zeolite beta, ZSM-11 and ZSM-5. Commercially available zeolites include the VALFOR� zeolites and ADVERA� zeolites, such as VALFOR� 100 sodium aluminosilicate hydrated type Na-A zeolite powder and ADVERA� 401/401P hydrated sodium zeolite A (PQ Corp., Valley Forge, Pa.).
The zeolite may optionally be calcined prior to being spheridized to provide the inorganic spheres in accordance with the present invention. Calcining may carried out at 200� C. to 700� C. for a period of 1-10 hours, typically at 300� C. to 500� C. for a period of 2-5 hours.
The zeolite may also be an ion-exchanged zeolite, that is, a zeolite composition in which the alkali metal ions and/or alkaline earth ions of the aluminosilicate structure have been at least partially replaced by another metal ion. Typical metal ions that may be used include cations of V, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sb, B, and mixtures thereof. Ion-exchanged zeolites may be produced by stirring a mixture of the zeolite in an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble salt of the desired metal.
It is preferred to utilize synthetic zeolite crystals which are substantially uniform in size, as it has been found that the use of such starting materials facilitates the production of inorganic microspheres having a narrow particle size distribution, e.g., a value of (d90−d10)/d50 which is not greater than 1.5. Preferably, the zeolite is in the form of individually-dispersed crystals, rather than large aggregates of crystals. Methods of preparing zeolite crystals of uniform size are well-known in the art, as described for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,949,059; 3,321,272; 3,510,258; 4,173,622; 4,650,655; 4,908,342; 5,240,892; and 5,672,331, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
A number of methods are known in the art for heating glass or other inorganic particles to a temperature suitable for forming inorganic spheres, and any of these may be readily adapted for use in producing inorganic spheres in accordance with the present invention. For example, the vertical flame processes such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,129,086 and 3,230,064 may be employed. These methods utilize a furnace where particles are fed into an upward flowing air and gas stream) where the gas-air mixture combusts to form a vertical flame), so that the glass particles melt and form spheres in the flame zone. The furnace should be designed and operated to enable the zeolite particles to be uniformly dispersed in the flame and experience a residence time effective for the individual particles to reach a temperature effective to at least partially melt the particles and thereafter to spheridize (assume the shape of spheres) while at the same time minimizing the frequency of particle to particle collisions (which tends to lead to agglomeration or fusion of the individual molten spheres). Other exemplary spheridizing processes suitable for use in producing inorganic spheres according to the invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,175,224; 1,995,803; 2,044,680; 2,334,578; 2,619,776; 2,945,326; 3,560,185; and 3,560,186, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
Under certain spheridization conditions, inorganic microspheres in accordance with the invention may be obtained which are partially crystalline. That is, a portion of the microspheres are at least partially crystalline and a portion of the microspheres are fully amorphous or partially amorphous. Individual microspheres, for example, may contain a crystalline region (at the core of the microsphere, for example) as well as a non-crystalline region (as an outer shell surrounding a crystalline core, for example). Such partially crystalline microspheres may be in admixture with microspheres that are completely amorphous. Under other conditions, however, a spheridization product may be obtained which contains only inorganic microspheres which are completely amorphous or glassy.
As previously mentioned, the chemical composition of the inorganic microspheres will be influenced by the type of zeolite selected for use as the starting material. In one embodiment of the invention, the inorganic microspheres are comprised of aluminosilicate, e.g., an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal aluminosilicate such as sodium aluminosilicate, potassium aluminosilicate, magnesium aluminosilicate, calcium aluminosilicate, or the like. For example, the inorganic microspheres may have a chemical composition corresponding to a) 17 to 27 weight % alkali metal oxide and/or alkaline earth metal oxide, b) 28 to 44 weight % Al2O3, and c) 33 to 51 weight % SiO2, the total of a+b+c being 90 to 100 weight %. In other embodiments, the molar ratio of SiO2:Al2O3 contained in the inorganic microspheres may be from 1:1 to 5:1.
Compositions Containing the Microspheres
Any of a number of polymeric compositions may be whitened by incorporation of inorganic microspheres according to the invention. Such compositions may for example include polymers for injection molding or extrusion. Typical nonlimiting examples of such compositions include thermoplastics (including engineering thermoplastics), polyamides such as nylon 6 and nylon 6,6, polyacrylates, polyolefins such as polypropylene or polyethylene, saturated thermoplastic polyesters such as polybutylene terephthalate, thermoplastic elastomers such as block copolymers, poly-phenylene sulfides, acetal resins such as polyvinyl acetal or polyvinyl butyral, vinyl aromatic polymers such as polystyrenes and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resins, vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride, and polycarbonates. Other exemplary polymeric or oligomeric materials that may benefit from inclusion of the inorganic microspheres include thermosettable materials such as cured or uncured unsaturated polyesters, cured or uncured polyurethanes, cured or uncured polyureas, epoxy resins, amine hardeners, cured epoxy resins, and rubbers (elastomers). In addition to the whitening effect of the inorganic microspheres in these compositions, the presence of the inorganic microspheres may provide a variety of functional benefits to the processing and final properties of the resulting composite material. Such benefits may include increased stiffness, reduction in thermal expansion (thus enhancing shape retention), improvement in melt flow behavior (thus enabling ease of mold filling), reduced shrinkage, improved part flatness and dimensional stability, and reduction in overall manufacturing cost via resin replacement. The incorporation of the inorganic microspheres of the present invention into polymer- and resin-based formulations can also increase flexural modulus, abrasion resistance, and surface hardness. Additional benefits include excellent chemical resistance, increased compound flow, and improved compressive strength. Typically, the microspheres constitute between 1 and 60 wt % of the composition, with one or more polymers or polymer precursors constituting at least 40 wt %. The microspheres may also be used in other compositions such as paints, coatings, sealants and adhesives, as well as spackling compositions. In compositions intended for use in paints and coatings, the microspheres may be admixed with a liquid carrier and at least one film-forming polymer, and optionally other ingredients such as dyes, pigments, and other additives known in the paint and coating art. The microspheres may also be utilized in any other application where particulate inorganic fillers or pigmenting agents are conventionally used, such as paper. The inorganic microspheres of the present invention could also advantageously be used in the manufacture of surface covering products such as resilient flooring, floor covering sheets, floor tiles and the like wherein the microspheres are compounded with thermoplastic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride and/or other resins and components. The scratch- and scuff-resistance of such surface covering products may thereby be improved.
Although the invention is illustrated and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims and without departing from the invention.
Zeolite Na-A powder (VALFOR 100 sodium aluminosilicate hydrated type, PQ Corporation) was used as a starting material to prepare inorganic spheres in accordance with the present invention. The zeolite was in the form of a free flowing powder comprised of uniformly sized cubic crystals having a median particle size of 3-6 microns and had a chemical composition corresponding to approximately 17 weight % Na2O, 28 weight % Al2O3, 33 weight % SiO2, and 22 weight % water.
The synthetic zeolite starting material was fed into an upwardly flowing natural gas-air stream and vertically carried through a combustion zone using an apparatus similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,619,776, at a rate of 75 lbs/hour using 1000 standard cubic feet per hour (scfh) of natural gas and 30 psi air, with total air flow at 1500 scfh. The resulting product in accordance with the present invention was collected in a cyclone and found to have an effective density of 1.8 g/cm3 (measured in SAE 20 motor oil using Gardner cup), a true density of 2.1 g/cm3 (measured via nitrogen gas displacement pycnometer), and a tap density of 0.8 g/cm3 (measured via tamp density method after 1500 tamps). The particle size characteristics of the product (measured using a Mastersizer Microplus laser particle size analyzer available from Malvern Instruments, Westborough, Mass.) are shown in Table 1.
5 microns
8.2 microns
5.2 microns
(d90 − d10)/d50
100% Passing
15.0 microns
1measured in 10% deionized water slurry after 10 minute exposure
When examined under a scanning electron microscope, the product was observed to be in the form of spherical particles (microspheres). Some of the particles contained bubbles. Very few agglomerates or non-spherical particles were observed. Examination of the product by X-ray diffraction indicated a crystal pattern together with an amorphous phase, confirming that some vitrification of the zeolite starting material had taken place but suggesting that some particles or portions of particles have retained a crystalline zeolite-type structure.
The whiteness of a polymer composite containing the microspheres was assessed by determining the L value of the composite according to the Hunter L, a, b method, which is well known in the art. The composite was prepared using a clear casting polyester resin sold under the name #99 Clear Polyester Molding Resin by Fibre Glast Development Corporation, Brookville, Ohio, using a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide hardener mixed in at 2 wt % relative to the polyester. The microspheres were added at 20 wt % based on the total composite and mixed to ensure no air bubbles were trapped in the hardened product. Color values (CIE standard L, a, b values) were measured using a commercially available Hunter Colorquest calorimeter. The instrument was set up to use Primary "D65" (Northern Skylight) illumination at 0 degree/45 degree incidence angle, and configured to measure diffuse reflection. The L value was found to be greater than 85.
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|Jun 7, 1988
|Potters Industries, Inc.
|Apparatus for making spherical particles
|Mar 3, 1987
|Mar 13, 1990
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|ZSM-5 zeolites having uniformly large crystals
|Jan 21, 1992
|Aug 31, 1993
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Small crystal ZSM-5, as a catalyst
|Oct 8, 1992
|Sep 30, 1997
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. (Ecpi)
|Process for preparing uniform MFI-type zeolite crystals
|Oct 9, 2002
|Mar 30, 2004
|Advanced Minerals Corporation
|Perlite products with controlled particle size distribution
|Apr 28, 2004
|Nov 3, 2005
|Ufuk Senturk
|High refractive index glass beads for high retroreflectivity surfaces
|Oct 18, 2004
|Apr 20, 2006
|Ufuk Senturk
|Glass microspheres with multiple bubble inclusions
|Oct 6, 1999
|Apr 13, 2000
|Pq Holding, Inc.
|Process and apparatus for making glass beads
|Product Information Bulletin entitled "Potters Europe Engineered Glass Materials Division," publication date unknown (downloaded from www.potterseurope.org), (Mar. 2003).
|Product Information Bulletin entitled "Potters Europe Engineered Glass Materials Division," publication date unknown (downloaded from www.potterseurope.org).
|U.S. Classification
|523/223, 106/467, 106/409
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|Mar 16, 2009
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|Nov 30, 2012
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|May 30, 2014
|Fee payment
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|May 4, 2016
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text:
Enjoy a unique holiday in self catering holiday house in Selimiye, Selimiye is a lovely, quiet & picturesque seaside village that remains the epitome of an authentic holiday. holiday_house_rental Selimiye is located on the southwest of Marmaris. It
Beginning from the port of Kos, embark on a 2 week blue cruise journey into the Cyclades via the Dodecanese islands of magical and historical Greece. Our voyage takes you to the most popular and picturesque islands including Santorini and Mykonos.
Blue Voyage is a private yacht charter company in Turkey operating two yachts out of our base Orhaniye Marmaris. We have traditional wooden gulets available for charter in Turkey and Greece.
We provide private Blue cruise holidays on board Turkish gulets, private bike and cruise trips; as well as Luxury motor yacht rentals in S. Turkey and Istanbul for all occasions. We serve Turkey, Greek Islands and Croatia.
M/S yacht my lover is a luxurious schooner gulet for weekly blue voyage with her 6 cabins along aegean and maditernean sea.
8-day and 4-day rafting expeditions on the world-class Coruh River in NE Turkey. Pure adrenalin! Huge rapids, superb remote scenery and an opportunity to experience traditonal Turkish rural life.
All types of Prijon kayaks available for hire: Single and double sea kayaks for exploring the SW Turkish coast; and various models of white water kayaks for use on the many excellent Turkish Rivers.
An exciting one week active holiday including five full days of adventure in south-west Turkey - rafting, mountain-bike, trekking, canyoning, sea kayaking. Based in a comfortable hotel in the small town of Dalyan.
An unspoilt setting, luxurious surroundings and a warm, personal welcome... Opened in the summer of 2007, Mandarin is a delightful boutique hotel situated in an unspoilt natural setting close to south-west Turkey's magnificent Turquoise Coast.
Select your destination in Marmaris Turkey. Browse thousands of listings for accommodations, adventures, tours and travel services.


text:
Orientation-Parent & Family Schedule
2016 Parent & Family Orientation
TENTATIVE Schedule
Please keep in mind that this schedule is tentative and some details may change. More events will be listed once details confirmed; please check this webpage again or reference the schedule in your orientation packet once you arrive to campus on August 17.
Wednesday, Aug. 17:
Orientation Check-In • 9 am–2 pm • University Center
- Other things to do today:
- Check into assigned residence halls begins at 9 am. (Please go to your student's assigned residence hall.)
- If your student has completed "Think About It", they may pick up their Mountaineer ID Card in University Center 122
- Go to the Academic Resource Center (Taylor Hall 302) with any questions about class schedules
- Swing by the Bookstore in the University Center & pick up Books-To-Go and some Western gear!
- Not sure where to go? Campus tours are scheduled every hour between 11 am and 1 pm, leaving from the University Center Patio
- Other things to do today:
Parents of ALPS Students Meet & Greet • 1–2 pm • University Center North Ballroom
Has your student been invited to join the ALPS Leadership Program? This meeting is specifically for new freshmen (and their parents/guardians) who have been selected to participate in the ALPS Program for the 2016-17 academic year. There will be a program overview outlining expectations and requirements for participation and scholarship renewal along with an opportunity to ask questions. Hosted by Gary Pierson, Vice President for Student Affairs/Dean of Students & first year ALPS advisor.
Orientation Welcome • 2:30-4 pm • Mountaineer Bowl (If rain: Paul Wright Gym)
This is the kick off to New Student Orientation! You will hear from President Greg Salsbury and new students will meet their Orientation Leader, who will escort them to their first Western class, Headwaters 100.
Intercollegiate Athletics • 4 – 5 pm • University Center North Ballroom
Is your student a NCAA athlete? Please attend this session so that you may meet Athletics department staff, hear about NCAA rules/regulations and expectations and what you can do to support your student as they learn to balance academics and athletics.
Welcome BBQ • 5-6:30 pm • University Center Patio
Western's own Greg Haynes & band will also be playing the steel pan, which is the national instrument of Trinidad & Tabago and traditionally constructed from 55-gallon barrels. (Please wear the wristband that was given to you during Orientation Check-in on 8/17.)
Parent Dessert Reception • 6:30-8 pm • West Wing of the Leslie J. Savage Library
Hosted by President Greg Salsbury, this is an opportunity for parents to meet Western faculty & staff who will play important roles in their student's time at Western.
Thursday, Aug. 18:
Breakfast • 7-8:30 am • Rare Air Cafe, University Center
(Please wear the wristband that was given to you during Orientation Check-in on 8/17.)
Student Life at Western • 9-9:30 am • University Center Ballroom
Student Orientation Coordinators (Lindsay Weaver, Flynn Guerrieri & Emily Schwartz) will set the tone for the day by giving you their perspective of what it means to be a student at Western.
Dean's Chat • 9:30-11:15 am • University Center Ballroom
Gary Pierson, Vice President for Student Affairs, will discuss academics, student engagement/co-curricular activities and parental rights in a presentation that is designed to strengthen your partnership with Western.
Lunch & Resource Fair • 11:30 am-1 pm • Rare Air Cafe, University Center
Come learn about the many programs, clubs and resources available to Western students. (Please wear the wristband that was given to you during Orientation Check-in on 8/17.)
Residence Life Session • 1-1:50 pm • University Center Ballroom
Meet the Residence Life staff, the people who will see your student daily over the academic year. Learn about the Living/Learning Communities along with departmental philosophy and policies specific to the residence halls. (If you have individual questions, the Residence Life Staff will be available later in the day from 3-5 pm in University Center 117.)
Academic Department Meeting • 2-3 pm • Various locations
Meet faculty members from your student's academic major and learn more about the specific program. (Student Resident Assistants (RAs) will escort you to the Department Meeting from the Residence Life session.)
Campus Resources Meet & Great • 3-5 pm • Various locations
Staff will be able to meet with you if you have individual questions or would like more information about any of the following programs.
- LEAD/Mountaineer ID Card/Student Activities/On-Campus Work-Study Job Opportunities – University Center 118
Stop by the LEAD Office to learn about how students find on-campus work-study positions, student leadership opportunities & campus activities and how using the Mountaineer ID Card might be a good financial resource for your family.
- Academic Resource Center/Study Abroad/Disability Services/Career Services – Taylor Hall 302
Learn how this office provides resources & support that can be critical to your student's success at Western. Also, learn how Western's Career Services Office is available to support and assist your student with post graduate pursuits.
- Campus Recreation (including Club Sports & Mountain Sports) – Mountaineer Field House
Come learn about Club Sports/Mountain Sports/Intramurals and check out this gorgeous new facility, including a state of the art fitness center, climbing wall, foam pit & trampoline!
- Financial Aid – Taylor Hall Lobby
Financial Aid staff will be available to answer your specific questions and/or show you how to navigate your student's account.
- Health & Counseling Center – University Center North Conference Room
Medical & Counseling Center staff will be available for individual questions.
- Residence Life – University Center 117
Individual questions may be asked at this time.
- Wilderness Pursuits – University Center 120
Come learn about our student led outdoor program and about all the ways they support students in getting outside!
Parent & Family Orientation Closing • 4:30-5:30 pm • University Center North Ballroom
The Student Affairs leadership team, consisting of Gary Pierson & Chris Luekenga, and the Orientation leadership team will be available to answer any final questions to help your family with its transition to Western. (Light refreshments will be served.)


text:
Jon Clements
I saw the birth of the universe and I watched as time ran out, moment by moment, until nothing remained. No time. No space. Just me. I walked in universes where the laws of physics were devised by the mind of a madman. I've watched universes freeze and creations burn. I have seen things you wouldn't believe. I have lost things you will never understand. And I know things, secrets that must never be told and knowledge that must never be spoken.
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