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- Windows (12)
- Grouping and Descriptive Categories (11)
- Linux (6)
- Mac (4)
- Modern (4)
- Other Operating Systems (3)
- Android (1)
Dynamic Content Software
- Message Boards
- CGI Tools/Libraries
- CMS Systems
Hot topics in Dynamic Content Softwareprojectmanagement asp.net blog asp editor asp net portal cms source code blog editor php ajax mysql chat access control asp page builder asp file browser asp web mdb manager
FCKeditor (retired)370 weekly downloads
Rico - Rich Ajax Framework
Rico is a JavaScript library for creating rich internet applications. Version 1 is JavaScript only. Versions 2 & 3 include server-side code (asp, asp.net, and php) to make creating web apps even easier. Versions 1 & 2 are based on Prototype and include grids, calendar & tree controls, drag & drop, and cinematic effects. Version 3 goes beyond Prototype, and includes support for jQuery, MooTools, Dojo, Ext, and BBC Glow libraries. Version 3 is only available in the SVN repository. The rico3.net branch includes a .net server control.5 weekly downloads
ProjectPortal is a multi-lingual, multi-user web-based groupware suite for programme & projectmanagement written in Visual C# ASP.NET using MS Access, MS SQL/MSDE, Oracle or MySQL for datastorage.9 weekly downloads
dBlog - blog CMS and weblog open source
Weblog, photoblog and CMS platform (no technical skill): fast setup, WYSIWYG editor, comments, notification, tracking, calendar, charts, polls, template editing, podcast, upload manager, auto-resize thumbs, fully localizable. Over 15.000 download!3 weekly downloads
A live Help support chat system, like Liveperson, Humanclick, PhpLive, developed in Javascript and ASP with Sql server or access Database that allows the operators of the websites to monitor their visitors. You can invite or receive a chat to visitors.1 weekly downloads
Mooffanka CMS
CMS for iter/intra/extranet and complex HTTP apps. Multi-user & group management; Dynamic filtering; Easy web interface; Site Libraries; Tool-centric; ASP/XML/XSLT. ** A DESIGNERS DREAM: No templates or skins. Complete design freedom, CSS and even flash.1 weekly downloads
PHP World Portal
PHP World Portal is being developed as the framework for JLS Web Development's site. After each module is completed it will be released as open source for the public. The core framework will be released by 1/23/04.1 weekly downloads
XabaBook is an Open Source, asp coded guestbook, for websites. it'll be soon available also in its php coding. Hope it'll be usefull!1 weekly downloads
<Fruibile />
Fruibile. An accessible WebCMS that helps to generate accessibile contents and with accessible backoffice. Developed and mantained by Web Accessibility Experts that write accessibility guidelines for W3C and ISO. Optimized for Internationalization (I18N)
Fosper is Freelancer Open Source Project Comunity .
MST CMS is an easy to use Content Management System to build and manage web sites, blogs and catalogs.
fang (First ASP News Grabber) gives you the ability to grab xml (rss) news streams, format in wich many sites give their news or headlines (Slashdot, Newsforge, betanews etc.), and put it on your page, using asp.
A-shop is an ASP-based online shop. Multiple languages, online management of your products. You can order your products online and even place a productreview on the site.2 weekly downloads


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Pet Gadgets
We humans like our gadgets but we shouldn't let are 4 legged (or finned) friends miss out. This section of coolest gadgets is designated for gadgets specially for pets.
bObsweep reveals bObsweep PetHair Plus floor cleaner
Vacuum cleaning technology has certainly come a long way since its early days, where you need to manually drag a vacuum cleaner all over the floor, while making sure that the bag, once full, is replaced, otherwise you would end up with a bigger mess to clean should it end up burst. From there, we have evolved to bagless vacuum cleaners, and eventually, smart vacuum cleaners that are able to function autonomously. Here is one model that targets those who love to have their furry kids stay under the same roof as them – the bObsweep PetHair Plus multifunctional autonomous floor cleaner that boasts of the strongest, most powerful suction to date.
Continue reading » bObsweep reveals bObsweep PetHair Plus floor cleaner
The Luuup Litter Box – never touch a poop scoop again
If you have cats, you know of the glorious little nuggets they leave behind for you in the litter box. They don't really have any other bathroom unless you train them to use the toilet, and you have no choice but to be the cat's ever-faithful servant. While you could get one of those sweet robotic scoops to avoid using a glorified slotted shovel, there is a new method coming to light that is cause to make all feline friends rejoice.
Continue reading » The Luuup Litter Box – never touch a poop scoop again
Havahart Bark Stop Collar offers some much needed peace in the neighborhood
A dog has been said to be a man's best friend for countless generations, and in an emergency, you would want a dog to be at your side to help you out compared to say, a cat or a hamster, or even worse, a fish. All of the rest aren't going to help you out in a tight spot, and neither can they bring you out for walks, guide you through treacherous paths, or even take out some cash from the ATM for you. Heck, as a cat to bring you your morning paper and see how it reacts! However, a dog that is poorly trained or not at all can be quite a nuisance, even more so if it barks – a whole lot. Havahart Wireless intends to have a solution to this challenge with the Havahart Bark Stop Collar, which happens to be a multi-level correction instrument ideal for dog training.
Continue reading » Havahart Bark Stop Collar offers some much needed peace in the neighborhood
The Lishina Hands Free Dog Leash makes walking the dog much easier
Having a dog is a blessing and a curse. They love you just as much as you love them, but they have to be brought outside to use the bathroom at a disgustingly early hour, several times a day regardless of the weather, and occasionally get too excited indoors which makes them eat or destroy things, leaving us to deal with the aftermath. The only way to stay sane is to take them on walks many times a day so they can run out all that energy and be adorable lap dogs when they're inside.
Continue reading » The Lishina Hands Free Dog Leash makes walking the dog much easier
The U-Pet Bubble Pet Carriers make your furry friends look like astronauts
Leaving your pet at home and going off on grand adventures to the outside world is no fun for your furry friend. While you want to take them with you, being on a leash might get them trampled walking down the street, and carrying them in a crate would be too cumbersome for you all day long. Of course, you also want them to be comfortable, safe, and let them see the world around them.
Continue reading » The U-Pet Bubble Pet Carriers make your furry friends look like astronauts
This collapsible Travel Dog Bowl makes sure your pooch stays hydrated
When you're out and about with your furry friend, you both need to make sure you have water. Whether it's cold or hot out, you can still get dehydrated, and neither of you want to deal with the other keeling over. While humans can carry around a bottle of water, that's not as easy for dogs unless they've got a backpack full of the stuff on them.
Continue reading » This collapsible Travel Dog Bowl makes sure your pooch stays hydrated
The Vita Fish Tank Planter takes 'living art' to a new level
When you get to be soul-crushingly lonely, the idea of having a pet always comes to mind. Of course, then the questions of whether or not you'll be able to keep up with maintaining a good quality of life for your pet and keep your sanity will begin to surface. If you want to go the hands-off approach with an animal that won't put fur everywhere or chirp loudly at all hours, a fish may be the way to go.
Continue reading » The Vita Fish Tank Planter takes 'living art' to a new level
Cat Scratch Laptop turns your feline friend into a keyboard warrior
I know that the Internet is full of cat videos, and for some strange reason, it does not seem as though cat videos are about to become boring or extinct soon. In fact, there seems to be no issue whatsoever with cats being in their element, which is always good for a few laughs to ease the day's tension at the office. Having said that, we have also talked about cat-friendly toys in the past, and here we are with something that will cater to the built-in need of cats – that is, to scratch. Enter the £19.99 Cat Scratch Laptop.
Since you yourself are a keyboard warrior from time to time, how about letting your feline friend get the feeling of satisfaction with a keyboard of its own? This will boast of the latest in Cattop Technology, so to speak, as it satisfies your cat's natural scratching urges. After all, isn't it a whole lot better for Garfield to leave his claw marks on the Cat Scratch Laptop rather than on your expensively purchased furniture? Best of all is, the Cat Scratch Laptop will arrive fully assembled, and you do not have to worry with issues such as operating system updates and malware.

subset: commoncrawl


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Video: Making Sense of Place
MAKING SENSE OF PLACE examines the complex questions of urban planning and regional identity by exploring the ways in which people participate in and experience their cities. The two-part series illuminates the tensions among growth, economic development and quality-of-life in downtown areas, local neighborhoods and surrounding regions. One-hour films chart urban decay, the erosion of inner suburbs and the growth of outer suburbs in two American cities: Phoenix and Cleveland. Residents, business leaders, community groups, elected officials, activists and experts in land use and urban planning discuss each city's struggles with sprawl, population loss, economic development and troubled schools.
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German Chancellor Angela Merkel on Saturday said she was mourning those killed in the shooting attack in Munich a day earlier. » Read More
The euphoric scenes that met the death of Osama Bin Laden will not boost President Barack Obama's re-election hopes, according to Alastair Newton, a political analyst at Nomura in London.
Most of us listen to the voice or at best do a mumble, but tonight, do yourself a favor and sing the thing. I'm talking about the National Anthem and God Bless America. Thanks to the killing of Osama Bin Laden last night, tonight's renditions before sporting events seem to have a little more meaning. If you're in the stands, sing it. If you're at home, sing it.
Osama bin Laden's death will have little effect on the cost of the war on terror, Todd Harrison, a senior fellow at the nonpartisan Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, told CNBC Monday.
The big news that Osama Bin Laden was finally dead wasn't reported first by a cable or broadcast TV channel, nor by a news wire or newspaper. Twitter broke the news, long before anyone even knew what the news was, when IT consultant who lived in the vicinity of Bin Laden's compound complained about the noise.
The Fast Money traders and Dennis Gartman, The Gartman Letter, weigh in on the market's reaction to Bin Laden's death and how to play it.
Last night, President Obama went on air to announce the killing of the United States enemy number one, Osama Bin Laden. Given this volatile and uncertain world we inhabit, how should we view this event? In the short run when it comes to terrorism, the best news is usually no news meaning no attacks.
Discussing Bin Laden's death, the political landscape, and the US economy , with CNBC's Michelle Caruso-Cabrera and former NYC mayor, Rudolph Giuliani.
Markets went up in reaction to Barack Obama's announcement Sunday night that the Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden had been killed, despite uncertainties as far as what this news will mean geopolitically.
A NATO missile strike killed Moammar Gadhafi's youngest son and three grandchildren on Saturday but the Libyan leader survived, a government spokesman said.
NATO powers rejected Moammar Gadhafi's call for a cease-fire and negotiations on Saturday, saying they need "actions not words," and aid ships were prevented from docking in a besieged coastal city while the alliance swept the port for mines.
The Dow Jones has tended to stay rather flat on the seven previous occasions when there have been royal weddings, Chris Zwermann's, global strategist at Zwermann Financial, told CNBC Friday.
He made transparency history with the press conference, but potential clarity ignominy when he didn't provide direction for when, where and how the Fed will reduce their "emergency" monetary policy measures.
Prince William and Kate Middleton's wedding is about to showcase a Royal Britain to billions of TV viewers around the world. But the real truth behind Windsor Money is as surprising as any fairytale.
The markets rallied after the Fed signaled an intent to to complete its bond buying program by June. The Fast Money team discusses the market ramifications.
The ongoing debate over tax relief has lost all integrity, like a favorite sweater long past its prime. Some believe that tax cuts increase the budget deficit while others suggest wealthy citizens have no moral obligation to share their bounty. Worthy positions indeed, but they are two mutually independent arguments, both valid, one having nothing to do with the other.
Should we congratulate or commiserate? .....That the Federal Resereve does it too now. That the Fed has decided to flank its policy decisions by regular press briefings from now on.
"In the past, Brazil's reach has always exceeded its grasp," says one former U.S. official. "It always saw itself as a leader, but has been frustrated that the world saw it another way. The Brazilian economy is developing to the point where it does have the global heft that people have to take it seriously."
So, who is expected to be the richest in attendance at the royal wedding of Prince William to college sweetheart, Kate Middleton? Click to find out.
American banks should ringfence their riskier investment banking operations, according to a top financial regulator who wants the US to adopt restrictions similar to those proposed last week by Britain's Independent Commission on Banking, the Financial Times reports.
Bahrain backed off a move to dissolve the country's main opposition block on Friday following strong criticism from the Obama administration.


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Martina McBrideFri, July 26, 2013 - 7:00 PMCeleste Center in Columbus, OH
We are sorry, the date for this event has already passed. This event took place on 7/26/2013. Click here to view upcoming events for Martina McBride.
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Garden Patch Rigatoni
|2 Tablespoon
|Thinly sliced celery
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|All purpose flour
|2 Tablespoon
|Nonfat milk
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|Low fat cottage cheese
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Shredded sharp cheddar cheese
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Dijon mustard
|1 Tablespoon
|Liquid hot pepper seasoning
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Ground nutmeg
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
|Rigatoni/Other pasta tubes
|8 Ounce, dried
|3 Medium, cut into thin, slanting slices
|Broccoli flowerets
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|Corn kernels
|1 Cup (16 tbs) (Fresh Or Frozen)
|Pear shaped tomatoes
|2 Medium, seeded and chopped
|Shredded reduced-fat swiss cheese
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Grated parmesan cheese
|2 Tablespoon
Melt margarine in a 2-quart pan over medium heat; add celery and cook, stirring often, until soft but not browned (about 5 minutes).
Add flour and cook, stirring, until bubbly.
Remove from heat and gradually stir in milk; return to heat and continue to cook, stirring, until sauce comes to a boil (about 6 minutes).
Add cottage and Cheddar cheeses, mustard, hot pepper seasoning, and nutmeg; stir until Cheddar cheese is melted.
Remove from heat.
In a 5- to 6-quart pan, cook rigatoni in 3 quarts boiling water just until almost tender to bite (10 to 12 minutes); or cook a little less than time specified in package directions.
After pasta has cooked for 5 minutes, add carrots to pan; after 3 more minutes, add broccoli.
Drain pasta and vegetables well; pour into a large bowl.
Mix in cheese sauce, corn, and tomatoes.
Spread pasta mixture in a greased 2- to 2 1/2-quart casserole; sprinkle with Swiss and Parmesan cheeses.
Bake in a 400° oven until lightly browned on top (about 25 minutes).
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 2629 Calories from Fat 592
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 66 g101.5%
Saturated Fat 23 g115.1%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 104.1 mg34.7%
Sodium 2606.6 mg108.6%
Total Carbohydrates 377 g125.6%
Dietary Fiber 48.1 g192.5%
Sugars 58.1 g
Protein 119 g238.7%
Vitamin A 786.4% Vitamin C 332.2%
Calcium 164.6% Iron 44.3%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Good western
There is one scene in which a woman is swimming nude and you see her back side. Other than that it is ok for older elementary kids.
worth the time
The story is old. Greed and power. Movie is worth the price to hear Jose Feliciano in his prime singing theme song.
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After creating new analytics accounts for 8 mini-sites (they were previously tracking on old accounts) we updated the UA code in the plugin settings. However Google was reporting that tracking was not enabled. I couldn't see anything unusual with the setup so I turned on debugging. In firebug, I saw that '_trackPageLoadTime' is deprecated. I disabled Site Speed tracking and the 8 sites began to record data.
I don't know if the above is just a coincidence but I thought it would be good to describe it anyway.
Thanks for a great plugin.


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I just voted to reopen a closed question.
It was a question that related to database design. The questioner was asking how to denormalize a database design so as to make a replica database suitable for use as a reporting database. The question was tagged with "database design". In my mind, it was well within the topic of database design.
It was closed as "off topic", not really relevant to programmers.
I think that database design, even for reporting purposes, is well within the realm of software engineering these days. It's even arguably within the realm of programming.
The days when programmers designed files and data architects designed databases are gone. I know. I made a living as a database specialist in the 80s and 90s.
What, if anything, can I do beyond voting to reopen in order to change popular opinion about whether this question should have been closed? I've had questions about other closed questions before, but this one seems like an open and shut case.


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Howard Park Early Childhood Center
15834 Clayton Rd
Ellisville, MO 63011
Visit website
Is this your business?
Promote your business through our innovative Marketplace system! It's free to sign up!
Sign up to update your information for free! See options to post blog articles, photos and promote your listing!Log in & claim
Business ID: 10304077 | Universal ID: cc058a07-153c-550d-9866-01d88c4d0b2f


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our mailing list. It's so wizard.
23 April, 2014 3:57 pm
Scotty ATL drops a new visual to the !llMind produced track "Doin My Thang".
2 April, 2014 6:47 pm
!llmind helps out ATL emcee Scotty on "Doin' My Thang". Cover art inspired by Do The Right Thing.
26 July, 2013 1:56 am
From Scotty's F.A.I.T.H. mixtape.
TrakkSounds and Cory Mo – "Atlanta Smokers Only" (feat. Killer Mike, Rittz, Lil Scrappy, Pill, Scotty, Slimm Calhoun, Kyle Lucas, Runway Richy, Backbone, C-Bone) (Video)
18 October, 2012 6:10 am
Country Rap Tunes Vol. 2 coming soon.
Search HipHopSite.com
News on the D.L.
- Raekwon Sets A Release Date For "F.I.L.A." Album
- BUSH: A Snoop Odyssey Produced By Pharrell Williams [Preview]
- Drake – "If You're Reading This It's Too Late" Surprise Album on iTunes Now
- Action Bronson "Mr. Wonderful" Cover Art and Tracklist
- Juicy J "Blue Dream & Lean 2″ Mixtape Cover Art & Release Date Revealed
- MF Grimm "MF Love Songs" Cover Art + Tracklist
New Joints
- Lord Hakim – "Brass Knucklez" (feat. Vast Aire & Phizz Ed)
- IAMSU! – "Hella Good" (feat. Tyga)
- DJ Kay Slay – "I Declare War" (feat. Styles P, Sheek Louch, Vado, Raekwon, & Rell)
- Maverick Sabre – "We Don't Wanna Be" (feat. Joey Bada$$)
- Cannibal Ox – "Blade: Art of Ox" (feat. Artifacts & U-God; prod. Black Milk)
- Asher Roth – "Blow Your Head" (prod. Nottz)
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jobs near North Las Vegas, NV
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Entry-level Truck Drivers Needed - No Experience Necessary
Werner Enterprises - North Las Vegas, NV
Get PRE-APPROVED by Werner Enterprises before you even begin training! Get training in AS LITTLE AS 4 WEEKS - day, evening and weekend classes available!
Call Center Representative in Las Vegas, NV
Sutherland Global Services - Las Vegas, NV
As a Customer Service Specialist in Las Vegas, Nevada, you will support Sales and Tech by answering inbound calls and providing exceptional customer service to...
Customer Service Representative
Sutherland Global Services - Las Vegas, NV
Process orders from customers via telephone calls or live chat, and enter data into order entry system. Excellent telephone and written communication skills....
Customer Experience Professional
Sutherland Global Services - Las Vegas, NV
Together, our teams assist our clients' hosts and guests to ensure they have the best support and an excellent experience every time....
Lyft Driver (No Experience Needed)
Lyft - Las Vegas, NV
Signing up to be a Lyft driver is the perfect opportunity for you to earn extra cash - whether you're trying to offset costs of your car, cover this month's...
Customer Support Technician
Asurion - Las Vegas, NV
Are the front line of support for over 290 million people. Customer Support Technician. Each class of the 6-week training period....
Inbound Sales
Sutherland Global Services - Las Vegas, NV
We help you develop your skills so that you can take your career further. Excellent verbal and written communication skills with 30 wpm typing ability....
Customer Service Representative - Chat
Sutherland Global Services - Las Vegas, NV
Flexible – constantly seeking the chance to develop and grow. Experience in customer service, sales, and/or technical support....
Inbound Sales Representative
Sutherland Global Services - Las Vegas, NV
As an Inbound Sales Specialist in Las Vegas, NV, you will be answering inbound calls to provide exceptional customer service to consumers....
Arcata Associates, Inc - Las Vegas, NV
Must possess a valid Nevada driver s license. Develop, review, and approve project documentation that includes requirements, implementation, and testing....


text:
OSLO, Norway (AP) - A Norwegian lawmaker says he has nominated
WikiLeaks for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize.
Snorre Valen of the Socialist Left Party says the secret-spilling website has promoted human rights, democracy and freedom of speech just like last year's winner, imprisoned Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo.
The 26-year-old legislator wrote on his blog Wednesday that WikiLeaks has exposed "corruption, war crimes and torture" through its releases of classified documents. He also cited disclosures of nepotism and corruption in Tunisia's presidential family, saying WikiLeaks "made a small contribution to bringing down" that regime.
The prize committee typically receives more than 200 nominations. The nomination deadline for the 2011 prize was Tuesday.
(Copyright 2011 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Giacomo Pati <pati_giac...@yahoo.com>
|Re: [C2][StyleBook][PATCH] "build docs" needs StyleBook with new javax.xml.transform API of Xalan2J.
|Wed, 15 Nov 2000 12:18:17 GMT
--- Robin Green <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > Giacomo Pati <email@example.com> wrote: > >--- Davanum Srinivas <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > > > Pier, > > > > > > Thanks. Do you have any thoughts on how we could > upgrade/update/use > > > Cocoon's Command line > > > functionality to generate the docs? Any Pointers? Any previous > > > discussions? > > > >The problem IMHO is that we need content aggregation in C2. Stefano > has > >posted a proposal how it can be achieved but we haven't reached a > >consensus (see thread with "content aggregation" in the subject in > >October). The suggestions don't satisfy me because there is still a > >byte stream between the sitemap engine and the content aggregator > which > >has to be reparsed. The solution I'd like to see is that you can > create > >a URL with the cocoon: protocoll but load a ContentHandler to that > URL > >to get the SAX stream directly (instead of the serialized one). > > > > Do you mean, instead of opening a connection to that URL, reading in > XML as > text and re-parsing it, you'd pass the ContentHandler to that URL > (put an > object reference in a request header or something?) and then it would > fire > SAX events to that ContentHandler? That sounds like a good idea. Any > objections? More or less that way. I have no clear idea how to implement. The only thing is that I'd like to prevent reparsing. Handing in a ContentHandler somehow to the sitemap engine an feeding it the SAX events seems to me the only doable way. Any other suggestions would be really appreciated. Giacomo > > > _________________________________________________________________________ > Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at > http://www.hotmail.com. > > Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at > http://profiles.msn.com. > ===== __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Calendar - Get organized for the holidays! http://calendar.yahoo.com/
|View raw message


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David Henry Dewhurst: Former US Airforce First Lieutenant, 41st Lieutenant Governor of Texas, A Man with Christian Faith and Rock-Solid Conservative values, Sucessful Business Man, involved in ...
Houston Party Bus, Shuttle Bus Services, Concert Party Bus, Events, Proms, Wedding Party Bus, Cruise Shuttle Buses, Corporate Passengers Bus, Business Travel, Charter Bus Services in Houston TX.
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Limousine for Houston Airports, Occasions, Events, Concerts with latest Hummer limos, Party Buses, Shuttle Buses, Charter buses, SUV, Lincoln MKS, MKT and Town Cars.
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text:
Today is Human Trafficking Awareness Day.
Guess Who's Getting a Christmas Bonus
Do you think you'll get a Christmas bonus this year? I know one person who will -- the new chief executive who will take over for Ken Lewis at Bank of America.
The Murphy Report on Clergy Sexual Abuse: Why We All Need Accountability
The day the Murphy Report on clergy sexual abuse of children in Dublin, Ireland was recently released found me
Dive!: Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Dumpster Diving but Were Afraid to Ask
A confession: When I first saw publicity for Dive! I forwarded it to my main dumpster diving partner with the subject line: "great." As in, "great, now dumpster diving will become more popular and we'll have more competition."
Biden on the Bailouts: 'Socialism for the Rich, and Capitalism for the poor'
Joe Biden admitted last night on The Daily Show that the billions of dollars we've spent on big bank bailouts is "socialism for the rich, and capitalism for the poor." No kidding. There's been much consternation related to the bailout of Wall Street. And even though ...
Modern Slavery, Modern Abolitionists
Two hundred years after slavery was declared illegal in Great Britain, and 150 years after the Emancipation Proclamation in the United States, an estimated 27 million people remain enslaved around
Why the U.S. Ranks 37 Among World Health Systems, Plus Four Alternative Models
The United States is the richest nation on earth. It has some of the best-trained physicians and best medical facilities on earth. It is a leader in medical innovation and medical education.
Responding to Six Confusing Claims: A Doctor Makes Sense of the Health-Care Debate, Part 2
A Doctor Makes Sense of the Health-Care Debate
As the debate over health-care reform heats up, conflicting claims from both sides make it increasingly difficult to sort out the issues and choose a position for which to advocate.


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XML Editing: A WYSIWYG XML Document Editor
Dennis Cronin
Microsoft Corporation
August 2002
Applies to:
Microsoft® Internet Explorer 6
Microsoft® JScript®
Summary: Describes Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 behavior used to implement a demo WYSIWYG XML document editor, shows features that make WYSIWYG XML content editing easy and familiar to word processor users, and makes native XML editing available with edit view icons to access control attributes or fields in the underlying XML document. (13 printed pages)
Download XMLEditorDemo.exe.
XML Editing Background
Running the Demo
How Does It Work?
How to Define an Edit View
About the code
A WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) XML editor? Your initial reaction may be to think that this is something of an oxymoron. After all, isn't XML supposed to separate data and presentation? True, but in practice, if the XML is to be rendered to HTML at some point, it is still often useful to work with the XML while viewing it in one or more of its eventual target presentation formats.
In this article, you'll be taking a look at a demo XML editor that provides such a view, implemented entirely as a behavior in Internet Explorer 6. This editor demonstrates a number of concepts that make WYSIWYG XML content editing comfortable and familiar, putting native XML editing into the hands of any user who can use a traditional word processor.
Figure 1. WYSIWYG XML Document Editor
You will get to see the demo of the editor right in your browser (if you already have Internet Explorer 6 installed) as I step you through the various features. I'll talk about how the editor works, about the code behind the behavior, and discuss briefly how the "edit views" for the editor are created. But first, here's a little background information on XML editing.
XML Editing Background
XML editing is still very much an emerging technology. XML itself is widely recognized in the computer industry as a useful format for representing data and for moving data between systems. Many powerful new tools have been created for working with XML, and many more tools are offering XML as an optional output format. A handful of specialized new tools have emerged which provide a friendly word processor-like interface for editing XML. These allow users to create and edit XML content without ever being aware that they are working with XML as the underlying technology.
Structured document editing
In addition to simply allowing users to work with data in XML format, XML editing provides a framework for what is known as structured document editing. While the concept of structured document editing has been around for years, and indeed such editors were written using SGML (a precursor to XML), only now with XML technologies reaching critical mass are we likely to see structured document editing really come into its own.
A structured document is what it sounds like. In current word processors you can decide to break your document into chapters, but then it's pretty much up to you what you want to put in each chapter. Maybe you remember to type in an abstract for some chapters, or maybe you don't. In a structured document, an abstract might be defined as a required component of a chapter, and a structured document editor then gently exposes this to the end user in such a way that they must provide a valid abstract in order to have a valid document. The real power of a structured document editor lies in the fact that it exposes the valid operations on a document depending on where the user is in that document, guiding the user through the process of creating a document which has a specific defined format, a document which therefore can be much more easily machine-processed using the rich array of downstream XML technologies.
Tags are for nerds!
The trick in structured document editing then lies in finding intuitive ways in which to expose the document structure to the user. Some XML editors attempt to do this by exposing all the XML tags to the user, or by simultaneously exposing document parameters in helper windows off to the side. In my humble opinion, however, no normal user should ever be exposed to the bewildering array of tags that underlie an XML document or all the nitty-gritty details of the document structure at every point in the document. Although the plumbing has to be there, the average user should not have to see it.
Furthermore, an XML document often contains underlying metadata that the user may not always want to or need to see. Or they may only need to access such metadata on occasion. This raises the issue of how to present the additional data to the user without cluttering the presentation.
In my editor demo, I'll demonstrate a handful of ideas related to exposing structured document functionality to the user but without resorting to a "tag on" view and without inundating the user with extraneous information. I will certainly not pretend that this approach will solve all the world's problems, and in fact it should be made clear that the usability testing on this editor demo consists mostly of a test group of me, myself, and I. Nevertheless, I hope you'll find some of the ideas at least vaguely intriguing. But enough talk—on to the demo.
Running the Demo
The demo code provided with this article implements an XML editor with quite a bit of interesting functionality. That said however, let me make sure to set your expectations appropriately. This editor as provided is no more than a one-person pet project, and while it does some fun tricks and runs the demo scenarios reasonably well, do not expect the editor to be of production quality. In other words, don't throw away your current word processor yet. Yes, I used the editor to write this article, but frankly, it was only a mother's love that gave me the patience to work around some of its current limitations. OK, that should be about enough of a disclaimer.
If you do not already have Internet Explorer 6 installed on your computer, you'll need to update your browser before trying the demo:
- Install Internet Explorer 6
If you already have Internet Explorer 6 on your computer, the following link will open the XML editor demo in a new window. Refer back to this window for instructions to help you navigate through the demo.
- Run the XML editor demo
When the demo launches, you will be looking at an example news story. Try clicking any of the text areas to convince yourself that you're really editing a document. While permissions prevent the in-browser demo from saving to an actual file, you can click the "show XML" link in the upper right at any time to see the effects of your edits on the underlying XML.
Note A very simple version of the editor as an .hta is provided in the code download for this article. That version will allow you to both load and save XML documents.
If you want a more detailed description of the demo, read on, but if you just want to dive in and explore, use the toolbar drop-down list to select the different demo documents, and then try clicking and right-clicking the icons within the documents to expose various editor features.
Drilling down
So the purpose of the aforementioned icons sprinkled around the document is to expose the "drill down" points in the document or regions with specific functionality. As your cursor hovers over an icon, tooltip pop-up text provides a hint as to the purpose of that particular icon. Right-clicking these icons will expose options associated with a particular content element, such as the ability to move the item, add other peer content elements, delete the particular element, or display optional alternate views of the item, all depending on the underlying document structure and/or the characteristics exposed in the edit view.
Layout selection
For instance, there are two icons near the main image for the news story. Use the cursor to hover over the top icon to see the tooltip, Layout Selection. Right-click the icon and then click layout select.
This exposes a combo box that is tied to an attribute in the XML document called layout. Presumably, downstream XSLT stylesheets could use this attribute to decide how to render the top part of the page layout. Try selecting different values from the combo box and note how the editor makes corresponding adjustments to the layout of the top-of-page region. You can restore a normal view by again right-clicking that icon and selecting the default view or by clicking the Undo button in the toolbar.
Images and multiple node "observers"
Now, use the cursor to hover over the Art icon directly above the main image of me coming in for a landing (you can verify this by seeing the Art tooltip appear.) Right-click this icon and click details. The art element redraws, exposing the underlying document attributes for the image, such as the URL, caption, and alignment (not used in this particular instance).
Try changing the URL by adding a '2' to the file name, changing it from img/zip.jpg to img/zip2.jpg. As you leave the field, the node in the XML document is updated and the image widget that is watching the same node instantly updates itself. Similarly, in the Caption field, try changing the caption text. As you tab out of that field, the caption on the right side of the image update as well. Of course, you can edit the caption directly on the page and as you tab out of it, the text box in the details view will update. The editor can attach any number of visual elements to any XML node and it will manage updating them all as needed when the XML node changes. Note that in this position, the Align drop-down list box does not do anything. The layout of the art item is in this case controlled by the surrounding table structure. Further down in the new story demo, however, you can see the Align attribute in action.
Unlimited undo and redo
The editor also supports unlimited undo/redo via the buttons in the toolbar area. Try clicking the Undo button a few times and watch as your changes roll back. Then try hitting Redo and watch them reinstate themselves.
Multiple top-level views
You'll notice an icon in the far upper-left corner of the document. Right-click this icon and select mobile to completely change the view of the document and work in a view simulating the layout on a mobile device. You'll notice that the document remains fully editable and that any changes you make are carried back to the main view when you switch back.
Inserting, deleting, and moving items
Return to the main view again by right-clicking the far upper-left icon and select desktop. Scroll down the page to the pullquote with the bright red type on the left side of the page, where Peter Seidenspinner comments on his experience. Right-click the icon just above the pullquote and note that it exposes a number of items that you can insert into the column, as well as exposing the option to delete the pullquote itself. This is an example of how the document exposes structure via the editor so the user knows what can and can't be placed in the document at that point.
Next, insert a new Advertisement. A default ad appears above the pullquote. Click the icon above the ad and to look at the Advertisement menu. You'll see you can move the ad below the pullquote by clicking ↓move down. Do that and the ad jumps below the pullquote. If you right-click the icon above the ad and then click delete, the ad will disappear. Right-clicking the pullquote icon and clicking delete there as well results in an empty column. A +add icon appears to allow you to repopulate the column if desired.
Context-sensitive text effects
Next, try stroking some text to select it at various places in the document. Depending on where you're at, you may see the bold, underline, and italics buttons light up in the toolbar area or some subset thereof. Some text areas in the document permit only italic style to be applied: the deck (below the headline) and lead will only allow italics. The headline itself does not allow any text effects. Paragraphs down in the main body, however, allow all three effects. This is all based on the information provided in the edit view for the document. You make the rules about what styles are allowed where and the editor enforces them. And you can create any type of custom tagging you want—this is XML after all.
An entertaining aspect of the way the editor renders the various existing text effects is that the boundaries of a particular region are set off by a light dashed line. I personally find this very useful. How many times have you put your cursor down in some white space next to a bolded word expecting to get non-bold text only to find you'll picking up leftover bolding? With this outlining effect, you can see clearly which text region you're typing in and therefore which text effect you'll be using. Place the cursor in the middle of some text and then try pressing Tab or Shift+Tab to move forward and backwards to select adjoining text runs—note how the runs are identified by the dashed outline.
Layout segments
The light gray horizontal bars crossing the page delineate the boundaries between segments, areas of the page that have distinct column formats. These are simply a function of the particular demo document design and are not intrinsic to the editor. By right-clicking one of the icons in the gray segment bars, you can insert new segment types. You can also perform the same types of actions on segments that you could on the content items within columns, such as moving whole segments up and down, and deleting entire segments.
Hiding icons
Although the icons are small and not terribly intrusive, you can quickly view the document without icons by clicking the Hide Icons button on the editor toolbar. All the icons will disappear leaving you with a clean WYSIWYG view of your document. Click the Show Icons button to restore them.
Non-linear edit displays
Now let's move to a different demo document. Click the drop-down list box in the editor toolbar and select the Slide Show document. As you do this, the editor goes to the Web server to fetch the new XML instance document, and then it loads the new edit view document.
I picked a Slide Show as an example of a type of content where simply laying out a linear edit view is clearly not the best user-friendly format. If you click the Show XML link to the right of the editor toolbar, you'll see that the underlying XML consists of a repeated sequence of slide definitions, but the preference is not to display it as a long scroll for editing. Instead, it is shown close to its eventual format, where you see the slides (and their associated meta data) change in place as you click the slide numbers.
You can use the techniques you've already learned to change the order of slides and to insert and delete slides. And everything is editable in place—even the title of the slide show.
Business forms
Return to the drop-down list box and select the Enrollment Demo. This is a trivially simple example of an XML editor providing an interface to something more akin to a business form as opposed to the previous content scenarios. Again, you can use the techniques you learned to add new student rows to the table, remove students, and move students up and down in the list, and edit their individual data.
Eating my own dog food
Finally I've included a quick stripped-down scenario for editing a prospective MSDN article. In the Microsoft tradition, this is in fact what I used to write this article. There's nothing particularly new about this document, but it's interesting to watch how the Table of Contents instantly updates when you edit a section name and vice versa.
How Does It Work?
To begin to understand how the editor works, let's follow an XML document through the loading process. When the XML document editor is given the URL or path of an XML file to load, it first attempts to fetch that file and load it into the MSXML DOM. I'll refer to this document as the instance document.
If the instance document is successfully loaded, the editor then looks for a special processing instruction at the top of the instance document specifying an "edit view" file to use to build an editable view on the document. An "edit view" file is just another XML file that provides all the information the editor needs to construct this WYSIWYG editable view. (The format and construction of edit views will be briefly discussed in the next section).
If the edit view file is successfully located, it also is loaded into a second MSXML DOM. The edit view is in many ways similar to an XSLT stylesheet in that it provides a series of XHTML templates for each possible type of item in the instance document. Why didn't I just use XSLT? Two reasons: first of all, XSLT is quite complex and I would not have been able to support anywhere near the full range of XSLT functionality in "pet project" timeframe. Second, and more importantly, XSLT doesn't have provisions for capturing some of the things needed to perform interactive editing, such as a way to specify initial fragments to insert when creating a new complex element, etc.
After successfully loading both the instance document and the edit view document, the editor then begins by matching the root template of the edit view with the root of the instance document and fetching the associated chunk of XHTML. The editor recognizes certain expando properties on certain nodes in the root XHTML and begins recursively loading more XHTML fragments into these wrapper nodes, associating them with the underlying XML nodes in the instance document DOM as it goes. When the recursive knitting process is complete, the entire XHTML is loaded into Internet Explorer as the inner HTML for the editor DIV in the host editor document.
For example, here's the main DIV that is bound to the
edx editor behavior:

Loading...

While the editor is performing the initial load operation, you see the Loading... message. Once the initial XHTML has been built, it is loaded into this DIV as its innerHTML, and Internet Explorer displays the fully editable document in the place previously occupied by the loading message.
After the XHTML is placed as HTML into this DIV, the editor performs a final bookkeeping pass to associate the newly instantiated HTML DOM nodes with their associated XML nodes, and then editing may begin.
As certain editing operations make it necessary to redraw areas of the document, the exact same process is followed to reload any necessary subset of the document. The editor uses an observer design pattern to "watch" XML nodes that are bound to visual edit areas in the HTML view. Thus, a given node can be displayed in multiple places in the document, and editing it in one place causes it to automatically reload in any other position where it is used.
You may be wondering where XSD schema fits in all this. Actually, the editor itself does not require an XSD schema to edit a document. One may certainly be provided, but it is entirely optional. The editor gets all the information it needs to edit the instance document from the edit view document. The edit view document implies the necessary schema by its own structure while also supplying specific information to the editor about how to display certain UI to the user at various points in the document. Certainly, there are some things that you can express in schema that this demo editor cannot handle, but the editor can edit a significant and useful subset of documents that can be expressed using XSD schema. And certainly the editor could be made genuinely schema-aware. Leaf node schema checking would be relatively trivial to add, but adding full structural schema awareness would probably exceed this author's available quantity of pet project time!
How to Define an Edit View
If you are already familiar with XSLT stylesheets, you will find building edit views fairly straightforward. If not, you might want to consider first familiarizing yourself a bit with XSLT. There is plenty of good literature out there. Here's one tutorial:
- XSLT Tutorial
As with XSLT, you will be defining templates to map onto specific nodes in your desired XML instance document. As mentioned above, templates are often recursive in nature, and templates may in turn invoke other templates to build up their internal structure.
There are four basic template types that the editor recognizes. These are regions, containers, and two built-in types, widgets and fields. It is your job to define regions and containers, and these in turn may use the built-in widget and field templates to provide the actual leaf-node edit functionality. Built-in templates may be distinguished because they have a colon in the template name, for instance widget:icon or field:flow.
Let's start with an example based on the Enrollment document in the demo. Suppose you have the following XML instance document you want to edit:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?edxview enroll-view.xml?> <enroll> <class-name>Creative Writing 101</class-name> <teacher-name>Shultz</teacher-name> <room-number>#202</room-number> <students> <student> <last-name>Chandler</last-name> <first-name>Raymond</first-name> <ssn>111-11-1111</ssn> </student> <student> <last-name>Balzac</last-name> <first-name>Honore</first-name> <ssn>222-22-2222</ssn> </student> </enroll>
First of all, note the processing instruction above that associates the instance document with the edit view document. A stripped down version of enroll-view.xml follows, with the extraneous HTML formatting stripped out.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <editviews xmlns:edx="msnbc-edx-edit-view"> <edx:view uiname="Main Edit View"> <edx:template name="root" type="region" uiname="Entire Document"> <edx:xhtml display="default">
Class Enrollment Form
 Class Name:
 Teacher Name:
 Room #:

 	 Last Name	 First Name	 Social Security Number

 </edx:xhtml> </edx:template> <edx:template name="students" type="container" uiname="Student List"> <edx:match element="student">

 </edx:match> </edx:template> <edx:template name="student" type="region" uiname="Student"> <edx:xhtml display="default"> 	 	 	 	 </edx:xhtml> <edx:insert> <student> <last-name>[last name]</last-name> <first-name>[first name]</first-name> <ssn>[ssn]</ssn> </student> </edx:insert> </edx:template> </edx:view> </editviews>
The edit view document starts out with a template with a name of root. This is the template that the editor will try to associate with the root node of the instance document. This first template is of type region indicating that it is a block of XHTML that will be more or less directly loaded into Internet Explorer to render a portion of the edit view. Within a given template you may have multiple XHTML fragments to provide different editing perspectives on a particular region. In this case, however, there is only one called default.
The XHTML looks like fairly normal HTML except that it is well-formed XML, and it has a few little extra expando props such as the edxtemplate and edxpath attributes. This is how nodes in the edit view are associated with nodes in the XML instance document, and also how the editor recursively knits together the XHTML snippets.
In the first span, we see the attributes to associate that span with the class-name node in the XML document, and we see it using the built-in template of field:edit, the basic editing component provided by the editor.
The next two spans are similar, directly associating themselves with nodes in the XML document and using the field:edit component to allow the user to modify their values.
Then things get a little more interesting. We see the TBODY tag being associated with an edxtemplate named students, and we can look below and see where this template is declared in the edit view document. This template is of type container, which means that it will expand dynamically depending on the number of child nodes in the XML instance document. You may wonder about the use of the TBODY tag as it's not that commonly seen in HTML markup. TBODY is actually the real parent tag for TR tags in a table. We use it here specifically because the HTML tag which is being turned into a container must be the direct parent of the HTML tags it will contain, and if we tried to attach the container to the TABLE tag, Internet Explorer 6 would silently and magically insert a TBODY tag, breaking the desired wrapping. Other tags can certainly be containers. Look through the other demo edit view templates to see examples of DIV and SPAN containers, to name a few. But the important thing is that tag needs to be the immediate outer parent of the HTML tags specified in the match spec in a container. But I'm getting ahead of myself.
Looking down now at the students container template, we see that it is a bit different from the template for a region. Whereas a region lays out a block of XHTML to be use to build a visual rendering, the container is merely a connector, matching XML nodes to XHTML nodes which will be further expanded based on the child nodes found in the XML document. In this trivial case, the container only recognizes one type of child node, but other example documents in the demo show how containers can house multiple types of content elements.
When the students container instantiates a new child, it gets the student template, another template of type region, and uses that to flesh out the display for each one of the children. Note that in the student region, in addition to the XHTML fragment, also contains an insertion fragment. This is what the parent container uses to create a new instance of a child, should the user decide to make a brand new entry. And again in this template we see references to the built-in templates of field:flow and widget:icon. The icon built-in widget displays the icon that enables the drill-down functionality in the editor. Refer to the running enrollment demo to see how these icons enable the move up, move down, insert, and delete functions on the rows in the students table.
There is quite a bit more to edit view creation, and if this was a production-ready editor, it would certainly bear a much more detailed explanation. But this general outline combined with the several functional examples provided with the demo documents should allow you to gain a reasonable understanding of the process.
About the code
As I mentioned above, the editor is implemented as a behavior. If you're unfamiliair with the basic concept of behaviors in Internet Explorer, you can learn more about them in the following content:
The file Edx.htc provides the outer implementation of the behavior. It in turn includes nine Microsoft JScript files that separate the functional elements of the editor into a handful of classes. I must admit it's a bit unusual to tackle a project of this relative level of complexity in JScript, but it's actually fairly easy to do a clean job of writing object oriented code in JScript, and Microsoft® Visual InterDev® makes debugging a breeze. The editor is surprisingly snappy, all things considered, but I credit this mostly to the fact that the JScript spends most of its time leveraging the muscle of the APIs in MSXML and Internet Explorer 6.
The code's main job is to build and maintain a mapping between the XML instance document, the HTML editing display, and a tree of objects linking the two. Thus you can think of the editor as maintaining three trees in synchonization as the user performs various editing operations. Yes, keeping this all straight can at times be a little tricky, especially considering the mappings are not all one-to-one.
Tip If you set the edxoptions property on the main editor DIV to debug:true, it turns on an automatic sanity check scan of these mappings which runs every second. Although if performs quite a bit of verification it doesn't appear to affect the actual interactivity of the editor. So if you decide to try playing with the code, I'd strongly recommend enabling this feature.
Key editor classes
I won't spend a great deal of time diving into the guts of the editor, but here are a few high-level overview items of interest. The main object that defines a node mapping is called an edxnode. This is the base class, and region, container, field, and widget all inherit from edxnode. The root class is in turn a special case of a region with a little added functionality since it needs to export a few additional methods and properties to the outer behavior. The field and widget classes are the only ones which actually provide any actual leaf node editing, with the widget class providing such sundries as select boxes, text boxes, the magic icons, etc.
Another class of particular interest is the xmlmgr (XML manager). This class provides the layer of access to the underlying XML DOM in a manner to enable the n-level Undo/Redo features. All operations against the XML tree are performed in a way such that they can be fully mirrored. Multi-step operations against the XML DOM are captured in simple reversible transactions, and when the user clicks Undo, the transaction's mirror images are run to revert to the desired previous state. And Redo then runs the mirrors of the mirrors.
Saving files with Editor.hta
Finally, I've included a very minimal HTA version of the editor that is capable of actually saving out files. The Editor.hta application is included in the code download. The UI for loading and saving files is abysmal, but it does at least demonstrate that the editor is capable of saving out and reloading documents. I'm using it right now, actually!
I hope my little XML editor demo has given you a few insights into the evolving world of XML document editing and structured document editing in general. Maybe you even got a few ideas about using larger scale behaviors in Internet Explorer.
Most importantly, I hope you see clearly that XML is not just for machines, not just for middle-layer data processing and exchange—XML can be for humans, too. Many of those one-off editing tasks you've been solving with custom Microsoft® Visual Basic® or Web applications for can probably soon be taken over by a general purpose XML editor. The advantage to you is you will have less custom applications to write and maintain, and the advantage to end users is they only need to learn one tool instead of remembering the idiosyncrasies of each of those aforementioned one-off applications. And since presentation and data representation are nicely separated, you will be able to more easily adapt to changing visual designs without having to do "real programming." A few tweaks to an edit view document and likely you can quickly provide the latest "new look" being asked for by your department.
And once you've converted your human content creation or data capture operations to XML using XML document editing, the advantages downstream are well known: XML is truly a portable and universal data format.


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Index of content:
Volume 53, Issue 12, 19 September 1988
Grating enhancement of quantum well detector response53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100054View Description Hide Description
We have measured the enhancement in the response of a quantum wellinfrared detector by the incorporation of a metallic diffraction grating into the structure. We find an enhancement ratio of about 30, and its spectrum indicates that waveguiding of diffracted light occurs within the sample. Strong coupling to evanescent modes of the grating is not observed.
Demonstration of high‐performance silicon microchannel heat exchangers for laser diode array cooling53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100055View Description Hide Description
A heat exchanger package has been demonstrated for semiconductor laser arrays using silicon microstructures with water as the coolant. A thermal impedance of 0.04 °C cm2/W has been achieved for a single linear bar. This design makes use of efficient, edge‐emitting laser diode arrays in a rack and stack architecture combined with a high‐performance silicon microchannel structure to allow cw operation. The architecture can be scaled to large areas and we project a thermal impedance of 0.09 °C cm2/W for close‐packed two‐dimensional arrays on this device.
Scaling laws and minimum threshold currents for quantum‐confined semiconductor lasers53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100056View Description Hide Description
Basic scaling laws are derived for bulk, two‐dimensional (quantum well) and one‐dimensional (quantum wire)semiconductor lasers. Starting from quantum derivation of the optical properties of confined carriers, the dimensional dependencies of the scaling laws are made explicit. Threshold currents of ∼100 and 2–3 μA are predicted for single quantum well and quantum wire lasers, respectively. The basic considerations of this analysis were used recently to obtain ultralow threshold quantum well lasers [P. L. Derry, A. Yariv, K. Lau, N. Bar‐Chaim, K. Lee, and J. Rosenberg, Appl. Phys. Lett. 5 0, 1773 (1987)].
High performance tunable 1.5 μm InGaAs/InGaAsP multiple quantum well distributed Bragg reflector lasers53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100057View Description Hide Description
We describe the structure and performance of tunable four‐quantum‐well InGaAs/InGaAsP distributed Bragg reflector lasers. We observe total tuning range as large as 94 Å, differential efficiency of 32%/front facet, thresholds of 17 mA, low‐chirp high‐speed digital operation, and linewidths as low as 5.75 MHz at only 2 mW output.
New gain mechanism for wave amplification in photorefractive materials53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100058View Description Hide Description
It is shown that there is a gain mechanism in three‐ and four‐wave forward interactions in which power is transferred inwards from the pump beams to the signal beams. The special case of amplifying a wave halfway between the pump waves is discussed.
Transmission of molecular fluorescence through a thin metal film by surface plasmons53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100059View Description Hide Description
We examine the use of surface plasmons to mediate the transport of molecular fluorescence across a corrugated thin metalfilm deposited onto a luminescent material. We find that for a given wavelength component, the amount of fluorescence reradiated by the long‐range surface plasmon into a narrow angular range can be as large as ∼30% of that emitted isotropically into the medium above the sample in the absence of the metal layer.
Optical sensing of in‐plane ultrasonic transients53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100060View Description Hide Description
An optical sensor has been developed, based on the differential laser Doppler anemometer, for the detection of in‐plane ultrasonic transients. Ultrasonicpulse propagation around a 90° corner has been investigated in an aluminum block. By generatingultrasonic pulses on diametrically opposite sides of the detector a polarity inversion of the ultrasonic pulses detected is demonstrated. The results obtained are as expected for the case of in‐plane displacement measurements.
Novel optical approach to atomic force microscopy53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100061View Description Hide Description
A sensitive and simple optical method for detecting the cantilever deflection in atomic force microscopy is described. The method was incorporated in an atomic force microscope, and imaging and force measurements, in ultrahigh vacuum, were successfully performed.
Origin of contaminants in photochemically deposited chromium films53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100062View Description Hide Description
A systematic investigation of the composition of Cr films deposited by cw 257 nm photolysis of Cr(CO)6 has been performed in order to identify sources of C and O contamination. In the absence of oxygen, the films have the approximate stoichiometry CrCO, independent of light intensity (40–2900 W/cm2). Five carbonyl groups are removed by a combination of surfacephotochemical and spontaneous processes; the sixth cannot be desorbed in the absence of heating. Deposits grown by purely gas phase photolysis have the approximate composition Cr(CO)2. Oxygen containing species present in the cell during deposition and/or exposure to air rapidly and efficiently convert these films to Cr2O3.
InGaAs/InP superlattice mixing induced by Zn or Si diffusion53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100406View Description Hide Description
Recent studies have shown that Zndiffusion preferentially induces mixing (interdiffusion) of In and Ga in unstrained InGaAs/InP superlattices, with little diffusion of the anions. In the present study, a 3.1% lattice mismatch is accommodated in the mixed superlattice with no observable defects in layers on the order of the predicted critical layer thickness. At high concentrations, Zn resides preferentially in the InP layers in the form of Zn3P2. In marked contrast to this behavior of Zn, Si diffusion is observed to cause comparable interdiffusion on the cation and anion sublattices within a narrow range of dopant concentration. This result is at odds with some recent mixing models and is consistent with a divacancy mixing mechanism.
Effect of carbon concentration on the thermal conversion of liquid‐encapsulated Czochralski semi‐insulating GaAs53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100063View Description Hide Description
Thermal conversion of liquid‐encapsulated Czochralski semi‐insulating GaAs crystals with various carbon concentration are investigated by measuring carrier concentration depth profiles after vacuum annealing. In case of high carbon concentration, the carrier concentration in the near surface region corresponds to the residual carbon concentration. In case of low carbon concentration, however, it is found that the As vacancy related acceptor is diffused from the surface. These results suggest that p conversion is caused not only by the reduction of EL2 concentration in the surface region, but also the thermal induction of the native acceptor.
Multiple negative transconductance and differential conductance in a bipolar transistor by sequential quenching of resonant tunneling53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100064View Description Hide Description
The operation of the first multistate bipolar transistor is reported. Multiple peaks are obtained in the collector current‐voltage characteristics by sequentially quenching resonant tunneling through a series of double barriers placed in the emitter. GaInAs n p n devices with two AlInAs/GaInAs double barriers exhibit two peaks in the direct and transfer characteristics, with peak‐to‐valley ratios in the latter as high as 4:1 and 20:1 at 300 and 77 K, respectively. The intrinsically multistate operation of this new transistor opens up exciting opportunities for digital and analog circuits with greatly reduced complexity and multiple valued logic.
Deep level transient spectroscopy study of GaAs surface states treated with inorganic sulfides53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100065View Description Hide Description
Surface states of liquid‐encapsulated Czochralski and molecular beam epitaxy grown n‐type GaAs samples coated with Na2S and (NH4)2S films are studied with deep level transient spectroscopy measurements employing metal‐insulator‐semiconductor structures. Two deep levels at 0.58 and 1.15 eV below the conduction‐band edge are found in the as‐grown samples. The E c −0.58 eV deep level is found to be greatly reduced after sulfide treatment, while the E c −1.15 eV deep level remains with a very high density. The surface Fermi level is shifted deeper into the energyband gap toward the E c −1.15 eV deep level after surface treatment. This new, deeper pinning position is believed to be the cause of the greatly enhanced photoluminescence intensity recently reported. This new pinning position is deeper than some of the recently reported sodium sulfide/GaAs results but consistent with the high Schottky barrier height, 1.15 eV measured for the gallium‐rich GaAssurface.
Photovoltaic spectroscopy of InGaAs/GaAs superlattices53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100066View Description Hide Description
Photovoltaic spectra of InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum wellsgrown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy show several well defined spectral structures which are interpreted in terms of the sample characteristics. Results obtained by this relatively simple method are comparable to data obtained by other optical techniques on the same material, and in good agreement with calculations taking into account the strain‐induced splitting and the coupling between the wells.
Intervalley scattering rates in GaAs measured by time‐resolved four‐wave mixing spectroscopy53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100067View Description Hide Description
A three‐pulse transient grating technique was used to measure the carrier dynamics in photoexcited GaAs. The four‐wave mixing signal exhibits a two component relaxation of different magnitudes for various probe energies. The fast relaxation mechanism is due to electrons in the L valleys scattering back to the Γ valley. The effective transfer time for L→Γ was found to be ≊8 ps. The slower relaxation arises from carrier recombination.
Oxygen diffusion in antimony‐doped silicon53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100068View Description Hide Description
The outdiffusion profiles of oxygen from (100) Czochralski‐grown silicon,doped with antimony at different doping concentrations ranging between 6×101 5 and 3×101 8 atoms/cm3, were measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry. From the oxygen depth profiles the diffusivity of 1 6O was determined. It was found that the outdiffusion of 1 6O was not influenced by the antimonydoping concentration. The diffusivity of oxygen at 1100 °C, as determined in this work, was 1.1×10− 1 0 cm2/s. This result agrees well with the previous literature values, D=0.07 exp(−2.44/k T), which were determined in float‐zone silicon.
Structural characterization of embedded gallium arsenide on silicon by molecular beam epitaxy53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100069View Description Hide Description
A gallium arsenidefilm is grown embedded in masked pre‐etched wells in silicon vicinal (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The morphology and crystallinity of the embedded GaAs on Si layers are identical to those of large area GaAs on Si grown on the same wafer, as indicated by the comparison of Nomarski contrast photomicrographs and electron channeling patterns. High‐resolution electron microscope images reveal the epitaxial relation of the GaAs/Si interface on the bottom and the sidewall of the wells. On the slope most of the dislocations are restricted to a narrow region near the interface. The same photoluminescent behavior is found for the GaAs deposit in the different silicon environments. This embedded growth technique is suitable for realization of a coplanar GaAs on Si surface.
γ‐ray enhanced quenching phenomenon of photoconductance in undoped and In‐doped semi‐insulating GaAs53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100070View Description Hide Description
In undoped and In‐doped semi‐insulating GaAs with various dislocation densities, we have found that the quenching phenomenon of photoconductance is enhanced by γ irradiation above 107 rad at room temperature. In particular, this effect is obvious for crystals with dislocation densities of 10–103/cm2. The new stage induced by γ irradiation is found around 100 K and disappears gradually by annealing above 300 °C. The time dependence of photoconductance suggests the existence of the newly introduced state assisting the transition from a normal midgap electron trap (EL20) to a metastable state (EL2*) in the semi‐insulating materials.
Time‐of‐flight measurement of excitonic polaritons in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100071View Description Hide Description
We report the first experimental observation of excitonic polaritons in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well with incident light propagating parallel to the quantum well layer. We have built a time‐of‐flight measurement system which allows us to investigate low‐temperature optical properties of semiconductorwaveguides with picosecond time resolution. This system has been used to measure propagation delay time of an incident light pulse transmitted through the quantum well. The delay time increases drastically near the photon energies resonant to the optical absorption lines of the quantum wellexcitons. This behavior shows that the group velocity of the light pulse decreases as a result of the formation of quantum well excitonic polaritons. The group velocity drops to 7×104 m/s at a heavy‐hole exciton absorption line at 6.0 K.
Photoreflectance of GaAs and Ga0.82Al0.18As at elevated temperatures up to 600 °C53(1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100027View Description Hide Description
We report a modulation spectroscopy experiment on GaAs and Ga0.82Al0.18As at elevated temperatures. Using the contactless electromodulation method of photoreflectance, the direct gaps (E 0) of these materials have been observed from 77 K to 600 °C. The latter temperature is comparable to molecular beam expitaxy, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, growth temperatures, etc. Our results are at the highest temperature yet reported for E 0(GaAs) in a reflectance experiment and the first observation of E 0 (Ga1−x Al x As) at elevated temperatures. From the latter, the Varshni coefficients [Physica 3 4, 149 (1967)] for Ga0.82Al0.18As were determined.


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Stanley's expansion to include new rooftop patio
It looks as though northeast Minneapolis might be getting in on the rooftop patio action. According to a new report from The Journal, Stanley's Northeast Bar Room is looking to expand and the expansion plans are reaching for the stars.
The Northeast bar and restaurant plans to tear up their current patio in order to use the space for an expanded kitchen -- to accommodate increased traffic and help with their food truck endeavors. The expansion would essentially double their current kitchen space, and the patio seating would then move from the ground floor up to the kitchen roof and could potentially include its own full service bar.
See also:
Stanley's on Wheels food truck hits the streets
The new kitchen will make room for expanded catering services.
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Free Standard Shipping with $25 purchase only to the 48 Contiguous United States, as well as APO/FPO. Not valid on previous orders.
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Easily remove your old nail polish with this remover dip from Up & Up. The convenient dip bottle makes it easy to sponge off your nail polish. In seconds you'll have a blank canvas for your new color.
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Madison Beach Hotel
Plan your romantic getaway at Madison Beach Hotel, and make sure to book the Romance Package for the ultimate experience! A chilled bottle of champagne, a couples massage at Sounds of the Sea Spa and a discount on your meal at The Wharf will give you amazing options to enjoy together. Your private balcony provides the perfect vantage point to... more
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Cybernetic Ninja - Platform Action iOS
- Publisher: TechMonk
- Release Date: Jul 23, 2012
- Summary: Travel through 4 different environments as a Cybernetic Ninja! Half human, half robot you must eliminate the Pirate Robot threat to humanity.Features retro platform action, complete with intuitive and easy to use controls, ninja stars, challenging enemies, environments, and more!
- Developer: TechMonk
- Genre(s): Adventure
- Cheats: On GameFAQs
- More Details and Credits »
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Meet Lilac, a Beautiful Rusty Old Lighthouse Tender Floating off Pier 25 in Tribeca, Now Hosting Installation Art
If you think it sounds cool and interesting to roam around and explore a rusty old ship from the early 1930s well, you'd be right. It IS fun and interesting, as I discovered for the first time last week aboard the Lilac, which was once a working, steam-powered Lighthouse Tender–those were ships that "carried supplies and maintained buoys for the U.S. Lighthouse Service"–and is now a free, fun little museum docked at Hudson River Park's Pier 25 in Tribeca.
You don't have to be some sort of nautical history buff to appreciate the Lilac; any fondness for industrial/urban adventuring will do. The boiler room, the bridge, the crew's cabins, the room with the coffin (!?), the decks: it's all open, still fitted out with original machinery, and you can touch just about anything you want. Kids, naturally, will have a blast and/or think it's a little creepy. And the Lilac's docked on the same pier as a terrific little playground, as well as a mini-golf course, a skate park, several beach volleyball courts, a turf lawn, and some comfy chairs by the water which are ideal for lounging and watching the sunset.
The Lilac is open from May through November, but if you go before August 24 you can also see some art aboard the ship. Called Dead In August and curated by Molly Surno, the exhibition highlights work by local artists, each of whom were given a room for whatever sort of installation they wanted. Some of these are more immersive and engaging than others, but I did like the Jordan Rathus video, and Maureen Cavanaugh's elaborate transformation of a sleep cabin, and Chad Stayrook's sculpture with embedded video (remnants from his performance on opening night) of a lighthouse.
The Lilac is located at Pier 25 in Hudson River Park, at North Moore Street in Tribeca, and is open on Thursdays from 3:00 to 6:00 p.m., and on the weekends from 1:00 to 7:00 p.m. Admission is free, though donations for the Lilac's ongoing restoration are appreciated. The art exhibition Dead in August will be on view through August 24. For more info on the Lilac, click here; for more on Site 95 and Dead in August, click here.


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|State Rep. Bobby Outten recently presented a House of Representatives' Tribute to the team behind one of the most successful racehorses in Delaware history.
George Teague Jr., the owner of Wiggle It Jiggleit, was commended for the accomplishments of his horse and the team that trains, handles, and races him. Teague Stable is located just east of Harrington.
Wiggle It Jiggleit led all harness racing horses in North America with $2.18 million in purses last year in route to being named the 2015 Dan Patch Award Horse of the Year by the U.S. Harness Writers Association. The 3-year-old male is the only horse since 1982 to be both the season's winningest pacer while also being named Horse of the Year.
In photo: The House of Representatives' Tribute presentation was made in the House chamber on January 26th. From left: State Rep. Danny Short, Clyde Francis (trainer), State Rep. Bobby Outten, George Teague Jr. (owner), Montrell Teague (driver), and Mike Taylor (handler).


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Roland Lee "Ron" Fischer, 75, of Salina, died Sept. 27.
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Vacationers looking for water sports who didn't want to go to the beach, made a splash in Lake Eufaula this holiday weekend.
Lakepoint Resort State Park was sold out of all their rooms and camping sites.
Rough waters kept many boaters ashore, but for those who did brave the waters boating safety was a main priority.
"[People should] make sure to let someone know where they're going, where they're going to launch from, and what time they're going to be back," says Alabama Marine Police Officer, Tommy Haynes.
Marine police say they have not had any incidents on the lake this year and they intend to keep it that way.


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Utah Jazz: Top 10 games of 66-game season
It is an away game, so Jazz fans have to wait until Jan. 11 to thank ex-Utah fan-fav-turned-villain-for-some Derek Fisher for his labor-strife role. Utah can also thank the NBA because its Game No. 1 will be the last night of a back-to-back-to-back for L.A. You won't hear a smarmy word from Phil Jackson. He's retired. This will be the Jazz's first match-up with the Mike Brown-coached Lakers. Fun reminder: Gordon Hayward scored 22 and the Jazz beat the Lakers when they visited in April.
3. Jerry Sloan
3. Jerry Sloan
Appreciation Night
TBD: at Utah
The franchise hasn't announced it will honor Jerry Sloan. But a night to pay tribute to the backbone of the franchise for the past 23 years has gotta be coming, doesn't it? It should and will. Sloan has only returned to EnergySolutions Arena once since his stunning resignation last February, and that was for his Utah Sports Hall of Fame induction. Here's hoping Bear chauffeurs Sloan around the court on a John Deere tractor for well-deserved victory laps on his next visit.
2. Get Jazzed,
2. Get Jazzed,
East Coast style
Jan. 14: Nets at Jazz
It's still mind-boggling how two guys once considered to be the next Stockton-to-Malone were booed by Jazz fans in consecutive games — IN UTAH. Sure enough, two nights after Boozer heard expected boobirds when his Bulls visited in February, Deron Williams, sporting No. 8 for Utah, received Bronx cheers by many in Jazz Nation. Fans were flabbergasted over his perceived role in Hall of Fame coach Jerry Sloan's midseason resignation. Two weeks later, D-Will was traded.
This will be Williams' first game back as an opponent since that mind-blowing chain of events unraveled. Jazz fans continue to debate whether that controversial deal was the right call. Williams will bring back a familiar face with him in recently traded Mehmet Okur. The East Coast Jazz also have ex-Utah players Sundiata Gaines, Kris Humphries and DeShawn Stevenson. Don't forget the potato salad for this family reunion.
1. January gets Jimmered
1. January gets Jimmered
Jan. 28 (and March 30): Kings at Jazz
Jimmer Fredette received a huge ovation, fans lined up for his autograph and he was treated like a big-time star the last time he visited EnergySolutions Arena — and he was just a college kid watching a pro game at the time.. Forty-plus media members surrounded him for quotes the one time No. 32 wore a Jazz logo at a pre-draft camp.
Can you imagine what Jimmermania will be like when BYU's living legend comes back to Utah for a real basketball game? It'll be hoops hysteria. A Sports Illustrated writer even included this one (and D-Will's return) in his top-10 must-see games for the entire NBA. Jazz fans only hope they don't get Jimmered. Then again, some might not mind for one night.
Also worth watching:
Jan. 3 — Bucks at Jazz: Utah's favorite Australian (Andrew Bogut, not Mel Gibson) makes a rare visit.
Jan. 17 — Clippers at Jazz: Blake Griffin might dunk over a Miller-sold Kia.
Jan. 30 — Blazers at Jazz: Wesley Matthews brings his three-goggles to Utah.
Feb. 7 — Jazz at Pacers: Who goes more berserk: Indiana fans for beloved Butler star Gordon Hayward or ex-Ute coach Jim Boylen on the bench?
March 23 — Denver at Utah: Kosta Koufos brings his dance moves back to EnergySolutions Arena.
April 21 — Dwight Howard brings his Magic act to town — assuming he's not traded by then.
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Lancet Iraq survey methodology under fire
- 19 Oct 06, 04:53 PM
Over the last couple of days two new themes have emerged in the debate over the Lancet/Johns Hopkins University report which estimated an excess 601,000 violent deaths in Iraq as a result of the invasion...
The first, here, maintains that there was a flaw in the methodology because the number of clusters sampled was too low. The Lancet study sampled from 47 clusters of families; Steven Moore, a political consultant writes:
"Appendix A of the Johns Hopkins survey, for example, cites several other studies of mortality in war zones, and uses the citations to validate the group's use of cluster sampling. One study is by the International Rescue Committee in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which used 750 cluster points. Harvard's School of Public Health, in a 1992 survey of Iraq, used 271 cluster points. Another study in Kosovo cites the use of 50 cluster points, but this was for a population of just 1.6 million, compared to Iraq's 27 million."
A second criticism is set to emerge in tomorrow's Science magazine where academics from Royal Holloway and Oxford will say that the study suffers from "main street bias" - in that sampling the families near main thoroughfares leads to an unnaturally high number of casualties because - with car bombs, driveby shootings etc - that is where they occur.
Both these critiques will raise questions not just for the researchers but for the peer review process leading to publication. We will try to keep you informed as to the answers, and the debate as it unfolds, here on the Newsnight blog.


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Renault: Fidel
The last time I filled up my tank, Fidel still ruled Cuba.
Renault Clio Campus. Really economical.
Advertising Agency: Neogama/BBH, São Paulo, Brazil
Creative Directors: Márcio Ribas
Art Director: Márcio Ribas
Copywriter: Isabella Paulelli
Illustrator / Photographer: Jeremy Green
Digital Retouching: Daniel Leão, Alessandra Perez, Alexandre Calvin
5 comments
Couple of things are wrong with this campaign. First, the exaggeration is too much. Not true. And second, they could have put the line against a white background and it would have been the same. There´s no connection between visual and line, no tension. It just doesn´t work.
dont like it at all.. no connection between the line and the visual, and fidel still officially rules cuba.
TO me it appears that the line was thought of first, then the art team sat down to figure out the art. somewhere, the art surpassed the initial idea and the line became redundant.
But it was surprisingly still kept (because it was the initial idea??).
Saurabh Kejriwal


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1000s OF RATINGS
Even the best photographers sometimes need to touch up their pictures. But if you're a hobbyist, there's no need to spend big bucks (or any bucks) on high-end software. We test and review free image editors to help you find the best one for your needs. Our buying guide explains what to look for in a free image editor.
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Can you apply edits to more than one image at a time?
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Covers the most common editing functions – cropping, resizing, red-eye reduction, auto-adjust image settings (colour correction, balance, contrast), image rotation, batch editing, image straightening and conversion to grayscale/B&W.
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