text:
Flex Choice®
Self-Paced Courses
Save on Tuition, Learn on Your Schedule
Why Flex Choice?
Save Thousands
Save up to 26% off tuition on your Bachelor's degree or up to 36% on your Associate's degree.
Works for You
Choose your blend of traditional and self-paced courses in our unique hybrid model.
Advantages of Flex Choice
Adjust your workload to move more quickly or slowly through courses as your family or work schedule changes.
Tuition Savings
Earn additional credits at no cost to make your degree even more affordable.
Move through your program more quickly and for some degrees, shorten your timeline to graduation.
At Your Pace
Move faster through concepts you know and take more time on new, challenging content.
Life Experience Helps You
Flex Choice is designed for students like you, who…
Are motivated.
Are ready to grow professionally.
Want to solve real-life problems.
Have college experience.
Are eager to learn more.
Seek out help when needed.
Plan ahead and follow through.
Know their strengths and weaknesses.
Get in touch for more details on how Flex Choice works in your program.Request More Information
Flex Choice was the differentiation for me when I was looking at a number of different colleges. That was one of the big appeals. Flexibility is huge when your time for school is limited to after work and on the weekends.
FAQs: Flex Choice Self-Paced Courses
How do flex choice courses save me time and money?
Flex Choice courses can save you both time and money in two unique ways.
In Flex Choice courses, you can show what you know as soon as you know it. That means you don't need to take course content that you already know. You can test out of a lesson or an entire Flex Choice course. When you do, those course credits are added to your transcript and you'll save the money and time you would have otherwise had to spend on a traditional course.
And because you can take Flex Choice courses at your own pace, you can speed up or slow down as your schedule allows. This means you can take the time you need to get through a challenging week in a traditional course or focus on responsibilities at work or home. Then, you can speed back up when you feel ready.
Who can take Flex Choice courses?
Flex Choice courses are available for students in all Associate's and Bachelor's degree programs and the Practical Nursing Diploma program. It is not available for the Health Sciences Associate's degree program or to students pursuing their second Bachelor's degree in the Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing program.
What courses are available?
Flex Choice courses are available in many subject areas and at both lower- and upper-division levels. When you enroll at Rasmussen College, your adviser will identify the Flex Choice courses that apply to your degree program.
Example Courses:
- Algebra
- Art History
- Macroeconomics
- Conflict Resolution
To see a full list of Flex Choice courses, visit the Rasmussen College catalog section titled "FLEX CHOICE OPTION: SELF-PACED COMPETENCY COURSE SELECTIONS."
How does Flex Choice fit into my program?
Flex Choice courses are designed to be taken alongside your traditional courses. You can move more quickly or slowly through the course to accommodate your traditional courses and your life at home and work. While you can begin any of your Flex Choice courses at any time, your adviser will work with you to plan the best times in your degree program to take them.
Is there anyone to help me if I need it?
Yes. Whether your question is related to academic content, technology or time management, Flex Choice courses are supported by staff who work specifically on those courses. Our advisers help you plan when to take Flex Choice courses in your program, and how to succeed in the self-paced course format. Our academic coaches can help you with content in any Flex Choice course, or help you navigate electronic resources and tools. You can also get live help on technology and online learning issues 24 hours a day. Staff at the Personal Support Center (PSC) are available by phone and online 365 days a year.
Do I have to finish Flex Choice courses on a set schedule?
While Flex Choice courses can be started at any point in your degree program, you must finish the course within 60 days of beginning. Within that period, however, you have no due dates or restrictions of any kind, leaving you free to study and complete the course at your own pace.
Fill out the form and a program manager will get in touch with details on your degree.Request More Information


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Separate names with a comma.
Well heck, im better off just paying 40 bucks for a used ps2 lol. Thanks for the info guys
Own them in what context? On my phone or in cartridge-disk form?
One to play games. Dont know what systems im looking to play, just want ro see what i can play. And do i need to own these games in order to play...
What exactly is one and is it possible to get one on the bionic?
Ive never yet seen a 3g signal on my bionic. Always all 4 bars and no letdown. Bionic rules all
So what exactly does this lapdock do? Turn your bionic into a laptop computer, so to say?
Cause there is another setup called beats control
I still have to get a paid app to set it all up but most of it is there. Check the forums cause i asked the question about 2 days ago and got...
Heck yes it is! Mines running 232, rooted, have backup and just put beats audio in. Way better than any phone ive ever had and smooth as butter...
But the dark side is such a good place to be...:hail:
More proof that Bionic reigns supreme over most phones out there. Its the only phone you cant go wrong with
Oh my....
Yeah, wasnt directed at everyone. Basically the teen girls that pay for a tan instead of going outside and have the iphone to "fit in"
Because there will always be teens around
I love my otterbox. It could be a tad slimmer but for peace of mind it works
Guess thats a no go lol
What is this amazon thing u speak of?
Because the parents will buy it for their preteens
Lifeless, pure lifeless
Oh yes, the bling cases. How did that slip my mind?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
USNS Rainier (T-AOE-7)
USNS Rainier in 2004
|United States
|USNS Rainier (T-AOE-7)
|Mount Rainier
|3 November 1988
|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company San Diego, California
|Laid down:
|31 May 1990
|28 September 1991
|21 January 1995
|28 August 2003
|In service:
|29 August 2003
|Naval Base Kitsap, Bremerton, Washington
|The Legend Of Service
|In active service, as of 2015
|General characteristics
|Class and type:
|Supply-class fast combat support ship
|approx. 48,800 tons (49,600 t)
|754.6 ft (230.0 m)
|107 ft (33 m)
|39 ft (12 m)
|four General Electric LM 2500 gas turbine engines 105,000 hp (78 MW)
|26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)
|176 civilians, 30 military
|Aircraft carried:
|Two MH-60S
The third US Navy vessel named after Mount Rainier, USNS Rainier is the second ship in the Supply class of fast combat support ships. On September 28, 1991, the ship's sponsor - Mrs. Suzanne Callison Dicks, wife of Norm Dicks - christened 'AOE-7' as Rainier. Rainier was commissioned on January 21, 1995 at Bremerton, Washington - Captain Thomas P. Danaher, USN, commanding.
Rainier has the speed to keep up with the carrier strike groups. She rapidly replenishes Navy task forces. She receives petroleum products, ammunition and stores from shuttle ships and redistributes these items simultaneously to carrier strike group ships. This reduces the vulnerability of serviced ships by reducing alongside time.
In April 2013, it was announced that the Military Sealift Command will take Rainier and her sister USNS Bridge out of service in 2014 as a cost-saving measure. This has been delayed and Rainer will stay in service for one year. [1] She will be held in reserve.[2]
Coat of Arms[edit]
Dark blue and gold are the colors traditionally associated with the Navy. Gold is indicative of honor, excellence, and achievement. The dark blue of the shield stands for loyalty and reflects the sea, the theater of naval operations. White suggests integrity and purity of ideals. Black implies solidity. The chevron, a symbol of strength and support, alludes to the prow of the ship and the peak of Mt. Rainier, the ship's namesake. The black pellets characterize fuel and ammunition pointing to the ship's mission. The pellets are charged with twelve battle stars earned for World War II service in Korea and Vietnam. The three anchors, symbolic of maritime tradition, simulate the past and present ships.
Red symbolizes combat, valor, and zeal. The colors red, yellow and green are the colors associated with Vietnam. The Torii gate recalls service in Korea. The bamboo annulet signifies continuous replenishment operations conducted off Vietnam. The crossed palm fronds represent the ship's extensive service in the South Pacific and portray strength, support, honor, and achievement.
A scroll azure doubled and inscribed "LEGEND OF SERVICE" in gold.
Contract design was completed in February 1986 and steel fabrication work for Rainier began on August 16, 1986 at National Steel and Shipbuilding (NASSCO) in San Diego, California. The official keel laying was conducted on May 31, 1990.
NASSCO built the Rainier ' utilizing an efficient modular construction technique - separate sections of the ship were built with piping sections, ventilation ducting and shipboard hardware, as well as major machinery items such as main propulsion equipment, generators and electrical panels installed.
These pre-outfitted sections were then brought together to form a complete hull. As a result of this construction technique Rainier was nearly 50 percent complete when launched on September 28, 1991.
The next three years were spent completing the electrical wiring, plumbing systems, ventilation systems, and equipment and hardware installation.
As built, USS Rainier included the following (Self Defense) Weapon Systems:
- NATO Sea Sparrow Missile Launching System
- Close-In-Weapons-System (CIWS)
- 25mm guns (x2)
- .50 Caliber Machine Guns (x4)
- Countermeasures Set - AN/SLQ-32(V)3
- Decoy Launchers (x4)
- Torpedo Countermeasures Transmitting Set (NIXIE)
As built, Rainier's hull arrangements provided berthing, living, messing, recreation and office spaces for 40 Officers, 36 Chief Petty Officer's and 591 enlisted personnel. Additional features included leisure and community facilities, medical and dental spaces, barber shop, ship's store, snack bar, laundry and dry cleaning facilities, workshops, laboratories and test areas.
Operational History[edit]
During the month of May, 1996, Rainier conducted several ammunition onloads, fueling at sea (FAS) and CONSOL's before arriving in the Hawaiian Operating Area.
Throughout June 1996, Rainier participated in Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC-96) exercise where numerous FAS, Vertical Replenishments (VERTREP) and CONSOL's were conducted with US, Australian, Canadian and Japanese ships.
During the first half of August, Rainier participated in a Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFX-96) - operating in the Southern California Operating Area (SOCAL OPAREA). During the last half of August and well into September, Rainier was inport at Puget Sound Naval Station for upkeep.
Maiden Deployment[edit]
Rainier's maiden deployment began when she departed Indian Island, Washington on October 11, 1996, en route to Hong Kong via the SOCAL OPAREA.
For the month of November, Rainier anchored in Hong Kong, providing hotel services to USS Santa Fe (SSN 763) and participated in a relief project: "Helping Hands Home for the Elderly." Rainier anchored in Singapore, participating in a relief project: "Christian School for the Mentally Handicapped." Towards the end of November, fuel was onloaded in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Rainier conducted several FAS's with US, United Kingdom and New Zealand ships before a brief inport period at Muscat, Oman - where Rainier provided hotel services for USS Stump (DD-978).
The month of December found Rainier transiting the Strait of Hormuz; anchoring at Bahrain; conducting FAS and CONSOL's; loading fuel at Jebel Ali, UAE; transiting the Strait of Hormuz; conducting FAS's; and on Christmas, loading fuel in Fujairah; re-transiting the Strait of Hormuz to conduct FAS's; and, anchoring on New Year's Eve with the SAG.
During the month of January 1996, Rainier fell into a routine of loading fuel in Jebel Ali, conducting numerous FAS, Replenishment at Sea (RAS), VERTREP, and CONSOL's. The month eded with Rainier anchoring in Bahrain.
February, Rainier transited through the Strait of Hormuz twice to onload fuel and conduct RAS and VERTREPs. During this period, Rainier anchored in Bahrain, was inport Jebel Ali and retransited the Strait of Hormuz for the last time during this deployment.
March, Rainier was inport briefly in Diego Garcia before spending a week in Melbourne, Australia. Several RAS's were conducted en route to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
The beginning of April consisted of embarking "Tigers" and conducting ammunition downloads to USS Flint (AE-32) and USS Shasta (AE-33). Rainier returned to Bremerton, Washington on April 11, 1997 to complete WESTPAC 96-97.
After a month of reduced operations to let the crew recover, the training cycle to prepare for the November 1998 deployment. This training cycle included the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC-98) exercise conducted with over thirteen countries.
Second Deployment[edit]
Rainier 's second deployment began in November 1998. After 28 consecutive days underway, Rainier pulled into its first liberty port - Singapore. Rainier sailors participated in a community relations project, "Project Handclasp", at Singapore's Gracehaven Children's Home.
Rainier 's second port of call was anchoring off the beach of the resort city of Patong, Thailand.
After transiting the Strait of Hormuz, Rainier arrived in Jebel Ali to onload fuel. Rainier was informed that it won its third Battle Efficiency Award. A majority of Rainier 's operational time was conducting FAS, RAS, VERTREP and CONSOL's while in the Persian Gulf.
After departing the Persian Gulf, Rainier made port calls to Bali and Darwin, Australia. Rainier 's last port of call was Maui, Hawaii before returning to Bremerton, Washington in July,2003.
Transfer to Military Sealift Command[edit]
After service in the United States Navy from 1995 through 2003 as USS Rainier (AOE-7), her weapons systems were removed and she was transferred on August 29, 2003 to the Military Sealift Command, which designated her USNS Rainier (T-AOE-7). During Operation Unified Assistance, the international relief effort following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the Rainier provided underway replenishment support to 32 American, British, and Australian warships involved in this operation.[3]
Like other fast combat support ships, she is part of MSC's Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force.
USNS Rainier's cargo capacities:
- Diesel Fuel Marine (DFM): 1,965,600 US gallons (7,440 m³)[4]
- JP-5 fuel: 2,620,800 US gallons (9,920 m³)[4]
- Bottled gas: 800 bottles[4]
- Ordnance stowage: 1,800 tons[4]
- Chill and freeze stowage: 400 tons[4]
- Water: 20,000 US gallons (76 m³)[4]
USNS Rainier's refueling rigs can pump fuel at a rate of 3,000 US gallons per minute (200 L/s).[4]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to USNS Rainier (T-AOE-7).
- ^ http://news.usni.org/2013/04/29/navy-to-decommission-two-oilers-in-cost-saving-scheme#more-3018
- ^ http://seapowermagazine.org/stories/20140703-ship-retirements.html
- ^ Journalist 1st Class Paul G. Scherman, USN (January 20, 2005). "Ranier Playing Key Disaster Relief Role". NNS050120-03. Commander, Task Force 73 Public Affairs. Retrieved 2010-12-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g USNS Rainier (T-AOE 7)
- US Naval vessel register web page
- Official MSC ship website
- USS Rainier (AOE-7) Commissioning Day Booklet
- USS Rainier (AOE-7) WESTPAC 96-97 Cruise Book
- USS Rainier (AOE-7) "Legend of Service" 1998-1999 Cruise Book


text:
Arsenal Message Board
you are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the posts
Wenger is getting on my nerves!
Given his success - all but last in the top 2 in the EPL - I don't understand why we question the wisdom of AW. I would love to see a strong center half and another holding midfielder. We complain so much about the lack of activity but he has been more active during the Jan transfer window (don't forget Diaby, Adebeyour, Ebouye, etc) than most of his counterparts. I am nervous, too, but prepared to say "in the professor we trust."Sort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
Ask yourself how many players Chelsea and Liverpool signed in January. Yet Wenger signed three. You can't just go and signed players for the sake of signing them because it is the transfer season. If he signs that way Arsenal will become like Chelsea where good players fail to get enough games.
Another pint is, it took years for Wenger to develop Arsenal's style of play. If he were to make wholesale changes at a time, the culture would be lost with himhaving to teach it again. Instead he gets a few players in at a time and gently eases then in. That way they adjust to Arsenal style of play
You can see he feels his team is settled and he gradually strenthens were necessary or where some vacates. Loaned out players coming back like signing new players. As is the same with injured guys.
He himself said Arsenal are no prisoners to names. So he doesn't sign just because of the names. He looks for real talent that can fit ourstyleof play. So far, he has be successful
- 1 Reply to fred j


text:
Investigative reporter Emanuelle (Laura Gemser) finds herself locked up in an all women penitentiary run by a ruthless female warden and her brutally sadistic guards. Vowing to exact revenge upon the corrupt politician who set her up, Emanuelle must first survive the daily torture and attempts at her life by grotesque prison bully Albina. Into this powder keg of smoldering sex and violence comes four bloodthirsty death row inmates. Blasting their way to a prison takeover, this quartet of psychotic criminals takes advantage of the all-female situation only to find they have bitten off more than they can chew. With the police launching an all-out assault upon the rampaging prisoners, Emanuelle battles to stay alive amidst the bloodshed and depravity...and the most horrifying game of Russian Roulette ever seen!
Disc 1
Feature Film 16x9 Anamorphic
RETRO SHOCK-O-RAMA Trailer Vault
BONUS Disc 2
Feature Film 4x3 Aspect Ratio
Bonus Feature Film: CAGED WOMEN (1982) 4x3 Aspect Ratio
SHOCK-O-RAMA Trailer Vault
Also Included:
FULL COLOR BOOKLET Featuring Liner Notes


text:
Plugin could not be activated because it triggered a fatal error.
This plugin needs the activation of the multisite-feature for working properly. Please read this post if you don't know the meaning.
I´ve read everything about networks and I dont think that I need one now, my site is too small and although I need it to be billingual and it would be great to be able to post diferent articles for each language, i belive a network is too much.
What do I do???
Thank you so much for your support and help


text:
Definition of recreative in English:
Another term for recreational.
Example sentences
- One means of achieving this aim is by the provision and organisation of recreative and social activities.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: rec·re·a·tive
Definition of recreative in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text: Alba has strong feelings about nudity. In all her movies, she says, "At least I'm still covered. I'm wearing as much as a bathing suit. It's not like I'm naked. I'm not terribly comfortable with being in a bikini, but covering up my genitals is different than not covering up my genitals, at the end of the day. I do see a difference in that, to put it really frankly." Here, she poses in a satin gown by Derek Lam.


text:
One mile beneath the surface of the Gulf of Mexico, there may be light at the end of the oil spill tunnel.
BP has a new cap over the broken well that could seal off all the oil, and Tuesday is a day of critical tests.
BP engineers are ready to see if their new cap can stop the gushing oil.
Underwater robots successfully lowered the tight fitting-cap over the broken well Monday night.
"This is the elegant solution," said Eric Smith, associate director of Tulane Energy Institute.
"This is the right equipment. All of the other top hats and everything have been sort of jury-rigged solutions."
In six to 48 hours BP expects to know whether this cap works.
During Tuesday's tests engineers will slowly close three separate valves to choke off the oil.
They'll be keeping a close eye on the pressure. If it rises the well is sealed, but if it falls that could indicate another leak somewhere else in the well.
Then BP may have to add yet another cap and once again focus on siphoning the oil up to surface ships.
Tara Mergener reports, "Washington's point man for the spill says the government will pull the plug on the test if at any point it risks doing further damage. But from the White House to the Gulf Coast fingers are crossed this will finally stop the leak."
"Boy I hope they know what they're doing," said Jack Lavallet of Dauphin Island, Ala. "Boy I hope they succeed. Because if they fail, I don't know who comes in after them."
BP employees working at the well site are also eager for this cap to succeed.
"We won't see that oil," said well site leader Mickey Fruge. "It's going to be a relief for us."
They're pushing ahead with the two relief wells that BP will use to permanently plug the well in mid-August.
Meanwhile, restrictions have been eased on news coverage of safety zones around oil booms.
News organizations, including the Associated Press, argued being kept at least 65 feet away impeded their ability to cover the spill.
However, there will still be exceptions for safety and security concerns.


text:
News & Features
News Stories Tagged australia
10 Mouth-Watering Culinary Tours Around the World
From a tasting tour of China's regional cuisines to a cooking class in the foothills of Morocco's Atlas Mountains, these 10 food-focused experiences are among the tastiest in the world.
5 Perfect Winter Honeymoon Destinations
We've narrowed down five top honeymoon recommendations for winter that offer the perfect setting for you to kick off your life together—in style.
Inside Sydney's Sumptuous New Hotel, 1888
In September, new boutique hotel 1888 landed in Sydney, with an unusual claim to fame: It's the world's first Instagram-themed hotel.
9 Reasons to Visit Australia's Northern Territory
The Australian Outback is a symbol of the rugged, remote reaches of the country (and, really, the world). Discovering it takes more than a quick stop at Uluru. Here are nine reasons to stay awhile.
7 Top Farm Stays Around the World
Craving an escape from your multitasking, tech-filled days? We recommend a farm stay, where the tactile pleasures of feeding animals, picking blackberries, and wading in a stream can be more restorative than a day at the spa. These 7 properties give you a taste of the simple life—if only for a week.
Samoa Air Introduces "Couch" Seats for Overweight Passengers
The first airline to instate "pay-as-you-weigh" pricing is now placing heavier passengers in roomier, couch-like seats. What do you think?
5 Great Ways to See the Great Barrier Reef
The glorious Great Barrier Reef just begs to be explored, and there are many more ways to do so than just scuba. Why not see it from above in a seaplane or submerge yourself in a semi-sub boat?
Top 10 Booze-Infused Spa Treatments
Wine and beer treatments might be old hat in Europe, but from Chicago to Chile, New World spas are discovering the beauty of a spirits-inspired spa day.
5 Affordable (and 2 Splurge-Worthy) Girlfriend Getaways
Whether it's a bachelorette party or a gaggle of girls who are looking to get away, we've got just the spot. From boutique-meets-outdoors Jamaica to charming, cool Montreal, this is where to book now.
Rugged Meets Refined in Tasmania
Find the best of Australia in an unexpected place—from exploring Cradle Mountain to taking in some culture at the MONA, you can do it all on a side trip to Tasmania.


text:
That $8-a-Bottle Artisanal-Mayo Store Is Getting Priced Out of Brooklyn
SNL's follow-up skit practically writes itself.
SNL's follow-up skit practically writes itself.
They're growing produce in the 25-seat backyard garden.
The Thai restaurant has earned many fans.
Riverdel will open in Prospect Heights in October.
"It was getting out of hand. I was a grown man, 25 years old, and I was eating cereal all the time."
Coming this fall, owner Denisse Lina Chavez will get a full bar, a trompo for spit-grilling, and may even make her own masa.
Takeout shop R&D Foods will remain open.
Brian Smith opened a massive new shop, released a cookbook, and began making inroads into becoming a major national player.
Go for the blueberry-ricotta pancakes, stay for the charm.
Prospect Heights residents will be able to find everything they need in one 700-square-foot space.
The bar and restaurant, which serves an eclectic mix of tapas, has been open for nearly ten years.
Just in time for puntarelle season.
Blame pipe problems on the temporary closure.
No more waiting for a table.
They're also planning an "in-shop" general store selling pickles, jams, and breads.
Brooklyn just got a little bit smokier.
Two noteworthy restaurants have closed.
And that Bar Corvo spinoff is about a month out.
It's just around the corner from the al di là spinoff.
The one-week-old pizza shop also serves chicken parmesan.


text:
Now I've done it... I upgraded a prefectly working MCE 2k3 machine to MCE 2k5 (discs from MSDN Subscribers Download), and now I'm horked. Well, kinda horked...
I flattened/paved the box, and did a clean install. I updated my nVidia GeForce3 drivers to the 10/15/2004 drivers. I purchased the NVidia MPEG decoder. I tested this setup w/ WMP10, and DVD playback is fine.
When I start Media Center, it lets me choose "Live TV", then the little spinning arrow goes for a bit, and freezes. The TV screen is black, and there is audio coming from the proper tv station. I can change the channel, and the audio changes fine, and there is no video.
Same for DVD. I click on Play DVD... The UI still shows the scrolling menus, and is frozen. Once again, the audio is playing fine.
I'm sure I dorked up one of the various video drivers, and I can't tell which one needs to be fixed... Anyone have any ideas?


text:
Dallas County
Republican Party
Register to Vote
It's quick and easy to register to vote so your voice can be heard.
Recent Blog Posts
An already significant election has become critical. Don't cede the future to the Democrats. Shape the future by voting today.
What do you believe we can accomplish in 2016 and how much faith do you have to make it happen? Those are very different things, but if you let belief fuel your faith, there is no limit to what Dallas County Republicans can accomplish in 2016.
What is the more important concept in a political doctrine, the expression of religious belief or the protection religious liberty?
I experienced American Exceptionalism from the outside that 4th of July with exceptional men and women who had accomplished exceptional things. 24 years later I can still feel the pride.
The Republican Party is better represented when it reflects the voters' views rather than when it tries to impose its will on the voters. A political party that doesn't listen is a party that doesn't adapt. A party that doesn't adapt is a party that isn't relevant.
With schools across Dallas County letting out for the summer, now's the time to start planning your summer political activities. Here are the top 10 things you can do this summer to help us win in November 2016!
As we prepare for this next election cycle, let's not shy away from the challenge. Let's embrace it. Let's revel in the knowledge that struggle builds strength and challenge creates perseverance.
There is something exciting about seeing a younger generation mature and follow in your footsteps. Getting the next generation engaged in the political process is no different.
We must be prepared for 2016. What we do today, will dictate what success we have tomorrow. There is much to do and we must prepare.


text:
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I'm curious why you posted all the online comments to the story. Those kinds of comments are usually just chitter chatter that is of little interest to forum members and clutters up the post.
This story sounds like a bunch of drunk immature teenagers and young adults shooting up a group of people.
I tend to avoid drunks and crowds for just that reason.


text:
Lil' Durango Rebelicious Kid's Western Boot
This Product Is Sold Out
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Lil' Durango Rebelicious Kid's Western Boot
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Click Here To View Similar Products
Additional Information
These 8 " square toe Lil' Durango kid's Western boots have been fashioned out of man-made materials; this is very useful because it creates an upper that is durable and also easy to clean. By blending a combination of bright and neutral hues, this Western has a very captivating but not too overwhelming appearance. Having pull straps will allow the wearer to pull the Western footwear on with ease.
Wanting to ensure that the interior of these kid's boots would be comfortable, Durango built the footwear with an extremely soft mesh lining (prevents chafing) and a particularly soothing cushioned insole. In addition to those comforting features, a fiberglass shank was built into the base of the boots; it provides steady footing and delivers incredible arch support.
The outsole has been put together with a mixture of EVA and rubber. The EVA is lightweight and is comfortable to stand on throughout the course of the day, while the rubber is highly durable and resists abrasions particularly well. A 1 " cowboy heel allows these adorable kid's boots to look like an authentic grownup's Western, but it is still low enough that they will be able to walk steadily all-day long.
Can you imagine anything more darling than these #BT020 Lil' Durango Western boots? They have a great look, are outstandingly durable, fit comfortably and have a great base. Get your child a pair today!
- Square toe
- Mesh lining
- Cushion Flex insole
- Fiberglass shank
- Man-made upper
- Cowboy heel 1"
- Lightweight abrasion-resistant EVA outsole
- 8 Inches in height


text:
Traditional Potato Soup
Serves 6
In traditional Amish homes this hearty soup is often served with fried egg sandwiches for dinner.
3 to 4 potatoes, peeled and diced
1/4 cup chopped celery
1 1/2 cups water
2 tbsp. butter
1 qt. milk
3 tbsp. parsley
Salt and pepper to tastes
2 hard boiled eggs, diced for garnish (optional)
Cook the potatoes and the celery in the water and butter until tender. Add the milk and seasonings mixing well to combine. Add eggs (if desired) and heat through. Serve hot and garnish with extra parsley or a sprinkle of paprika.
Creamed Celery
Serves 8
All Amish weddings in Lancaster take place in November and December so celery is one of a few fresh vegetables available. This has become a traditional wedding feast side dish.
3 quarts celery, cut up in chunks
1 cup water
1/2 tsp. sugar
2 tbsp. butter
1/2 tbsp. salt
2 tbsp. vinegar
1 tbsp. flour
1/4 cup brown sugar
1/3 cup heavy cream
Cook celery with water, sugar, butter and salt until very soft. Mix together vinegar, flour, brown sugar and cream until smooth. Stir into cooked celery stirring well to blend. Continue to cook on low until warmed through.
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AAPS pharmSci: An advanced publication forum has matured
Sadee, Wolfgang
AAPS PharmSci
Articles connexes
Introduction: A welcome to the first special animal health issue of AAPS PharmSci
Martinez, Marilyn
Soback, Stefan
AAPS PharmSci
The goal of this special volume is to provide veterinary scientists with state-of-the art reviews in animal health and to inform human health scientists of the various challenges and collaborative opportunities associated with their animal health counterparts. The contributors are highly respected experts, providing invaluable insights into current issues and state-of-the-art advances within veterinary medicine.
Veterinary medicine; harmonization
Articles connexes
Mathematical modeling of surface-active and non-surface-active drug transport in emulsion systems
Chidambaram, Nachiappan
Burgess, Diane J.
AAPS PharmSci
Mathematical models were developed for the prediction of surface-active and non- surface-active drug transport in triphasic (oil, water, and micellar) emulsion systems as a function of micellar concentration. These models were evaluated by comparing experimental and simulated data. Fick's first law of diffusion with association of the surface-active or complexation nature of the drug with the surfactant was used to derive a transport model for surface-active drugs. This transport model assumes that the oil/water (O/W) partitioning process was fast compared with membrane transport and therefore drug transport was limited by the membrane. Consecutive rate equations were used to model transport of non- surface-active drugs in emulsion systems assuming that the O/W interface acts as a barrier to drug transport. Phenobarbital (PB) and barbital (B) were selected as surface-active model drugs. Phenylazoaniline (PAA) and enzocaine (BZ) were selected as non- surface-active model drugs. Transport studies at pH 7.0 were conducted using side-by-side diffusion cells and bulk equilibrium reverse dialysis bag techniques. According to the surface-active drug model, an increase in micellar concentration is expected to decrease drug-transport rates. Using the Microft EXCEL program, the non- surface-active drug model was fitted to the experimental data for the cumulative amount of the model drug that disappeared from the donor chamber. The oil/continuous phase partitioning rates (k1) and the membrane transport rates (k2) were estimated. The predicted data were consistent with the experimental data for both the surface-active and non- surface-active models.
Articles connexes
Solvation and hydration characteristics of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid
Perlovich, German L.
Kurkov, Sergey V.
Kinchin, Andrey N.
Bauer-Brandl, Annette
AAPS PharmSci
Ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid were studied by thermoanalytical methods: sublimation calorimetry, solution calorimetry, and with respect to solubility. Upon measuring the temperature dependences of the saturated vapor pressure, enthalpies of sublimation, ΔHsub0, as well as the entropies of sublimation, ΔHsub0, and their respective relative fractions in the total process were calculated. The Gibbs energy of solvation in aliphatic alcohols as well as the enthalpic and entropic fractions thereof were also studied and compared with the respective properties of model substances and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (benzoic acid, diflunisal, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen). In all cases, enthalpy was found to be the driving force of the solvation process. Correlations were derived between Gibbs energy of solvation in octanol, ΔGsolvOct, and the transfer Gibbs energy from water to octanol, ΔGtr0. Influence of mutual octanol and water solubilities on the driving force of partitioning is discussed. An enthalpy-entropy-compensation effect in octanol was observed, and consequences of deviation from the general trend are also discussed.
ibuprofen; acetylsalicylic acid; NSAID; sublimation; solvation; hydration; plasma half-life
Articles connexes
Prediction of dissolution-absorption relationships from a continuous dissolution/Caco-2 system
Ginski, Mark J.
Taneja, Rajneesh
Polli, James E.
AAPS PharmSci
The objectives were 1) to design a continuous dissolution Caco-2 system to predict the dissolution-absorption relationships for fast and slow dissolving formulations of piroxicam, metoprolol tartrate, and ranitidine HCl, and compare the predicted relationships with observed relationships from clinical studies; 2) to estimate the effect of croscarmellose sodium on ranitidine dissolution-absorption relationships; and 3) to estimate the effect of solubilizing agents on piroxicam dissolution-absorption relationships. A continuous dissolution/Caco-2 system was constructed from a dissolution apparatus and a diffusion cell, such that drug dissolution and permeation across a Caco-2 monolayer would occur sequentially and simultaneously. The continuous system generally matched observed dissolution-absorption relationships from clinical studies. For example, the system successfully predicted the slow metoprolol and slow ranitidiine formulations to be permeation-rate-limited. The system predicted the slow piroxicam formulation to be dissolution-rate-limited, and the fast piroxicam formulation to be permeation-rate-limited, in spite of piroxicam's high permeability and low solubility. Additionally, the system indicated croscarmellose sodium enhanced ranitidine permeability and predicted solubilizing agents to not modulate permeability. These results suggest a dissolution/Caco-2 system to be an experimentally based tool that may predict dissolution-absorption relationships from oral solid dosage forms, and hence the relative contributions of dissolution and permeation to oral drug absorption kinetics.
Articles connexes
Comparative evaluation of tableting compression behaviors by methods of internal and external lubricant addition: Inhibition of enzymatic activity of trypsin preparation by using external lubricant addition during the tableting compression process
Otsuka, Makoto
Sato, Mitsuyo
Matsuda, Yoshihisa
AAPS PharmSci
This study evaluated tableting compression by using internal and external lubricant addition. The effect of lubricant addition on the enzymatic activity of trypsin, which was used as a model drug during the tableting compression process, was also investigated. The powder mixture (2% crystalline trypsin, 58% crystalline lactose, and 40% microcrystalline cellulose) was kneaded with 5% hydroxypropyl cellulose aqueous solution and then granulated using an extruding granulator equipped with a 0.5-mm mesh screen at 20 rpm. After drying, the sample granules were passed through a 10-mesh screen (1680 μm). A 200-mg sample was compressed by using 8-mm punches and dies at 49, 98, 196, or 388 MPa (Mega Pascal) at a speed of 25 mm/min. The external lubricant compression was performed using granules without lubricant in the punches and dies. The granules were already dry coated by the lubricant. In contrast, the internal lubricant compression was performed using sample granules (without dry coating) containing 0.5% lubricant. At 98 MPa, for example, the compression level using the external lubricant addition method was about 13% higher than that for internal addition. The significantly higher compressing energy was also observed at other MPas. By comparison, the friction energy for the external addition method calculated based on upper and lower compression forces was only slightly larger. The hardness of tablets prepared using the internal addition method was 34% to 48% lower than that for the external addition method. The total pore volume of the tablet prepared using the external addition method was significantly higher. The maximum ejection pressure using the no-addition method (ie, the tablet was prepared using neither dry-coated granules nor added lubricant) was significantly higher than that of other addition methods. The order was as follows: no addition, external addition, and then internal addition. The ejection energy (EE) for internal addition was the lowest; for no addition, EE was the highest. In the dissolution test, the tablets obtained using external addition immediately disintegrated and showed faster drug release than those prepared using internal addition. This result occurred because the water penetration rate of the tablet using the external addition was much higher. The trypsin activity in tablets prepared using the external addition method was significantly higher than that produced using the internal addition method at the same pressure. All these results suggest that the external addition method might produce a fast-dissolution tablet. Because the drug will be compressed using low pressure only, an unstable bulk drug may be tableted without losing potency.
Tableting; Trypsin; Preparation; Compression; Dissolution
Articles connexes
High glucose concentration in isotonic media alters Caco-2 cell permeability
Souza, Vanessa M. D
Shertzer, Howard G.
Menon, Anil G.
Pauletti, Giovanni M.
AAPS PharmSci
Caco-2 cell permeability was evaluated in isotonic media containing high (25mM) or physiological (5.5mM) glucose concentrations. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and membrane fluidity were measured to assess glucose-induced alterations in physical barrier properties. In parallel, distribution of the actin filament (F-actin) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) proteins was assessed by confocal microscopy. Transepithelial fluxes of mannitol, hydrocortisone, digoxin, and glycyl sarcosine (Gly-Sar) that permeate the intestinal mucosa by various pathways were measured to quantify the effect of glucose-induced changes on Caco-2 cell permeability. High glucose decreased maximum TEER of cell monolayers by 47%, whereas membrane fluidity at the hydrophobic core and lipid/polar head interphase was significantly increased. F-actin distribution in high glucose cells appeared more diffuse while ZO-1 was unchanged. Mannitol and hydrocortisone fluxes across Caco-2 cells cultured in high glucose increased by 65% and 24%, respectively. In addition, high glucose decreased the maximum transport capacity (Vmax) of PepT-1. P-glycoprotein activity, however, was unchanged. In conclusion, high extracellular glucose concentration in isotonic media significantly alters physical barrier properties of Caco-2 cell monolayers, which predominantly affects transepithelial transport of solutes permeating the cell barrier by paracellular and transcellular passive diffusion and facilitated transport mediated by the proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (PepT-1).
Caco-2; glucose; tight junctions; TEER; membrane fluidity; solute flux
Articles connexes
Influence of solvents on the variety of crystalline forms of erythromycin
Mirza, Sabiruddin
Miroshnyk, Inna
Heinämäki, Jyrki
Christiansen, Leena
Karjalainen, Milja
Yliruusi, Jouko
AAPS PharmSci
The influence of the organic solvents widely used in the pharmaceutical industry (acetone, methylethylketone, ethanol, and isopropanol) both in the presence and in the absence of water on the crystallization behavior of erythromycin (Em), a clinically relevant antibiotic of the macrolide group, was investigated. It was observed that despite a high preference for water as a guest molecule, Em rather easily forms solvates with the organic solvents studied. Consequently, 4 distinct solvates of Em have been isolated by recrystallization: acetonate, methylethylketonate, ethanolate, and isopropanolate. It was established that in a pure organic solvent, or 1∶9 or 1∶1 water-organic solvent mixtures, the corresponding solvate is always crystallized. However, the recrystallization of erythromycin from 2∶1 water-organic solvent (excluding methylethylketone) mixture results in the formation of a crystal hydrate form. X-ray powder diffraction revealed the isostructurality of the solvates with acetone and methylethylketone. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the loss of volatiles by all of the solvated crystals is nonstoichiometric. The desolvation behavior of the solvates with the organic solvents studied by means of variable-temperature x-ray powder diffraction indicates that in contrast to erythromycin dihydrate, they belong to a different class of solvates—those that produce an amorphous material upon desolvation.
erythromycin; crystallization; solvated crystals; isostructurality; clathrate; x-ray diffraction
Articles connexes
The composite solubility versus pH profile and its role in intestinal absorption prediction
Hendriksen, Barry A.
Felix, Manuel V. Sanchez
Bolger, Michael B.
AAPS PharmSci
The purpose of this study was to examine absorption of basic drugs as a function of the composite solubility curve and intestinally relevant pH by using a gastrointestinal tract (GIT) absorption simulation based on the advanced compartmental absorption and transit model. Absorption simulations were carried out for virtual monobasic drugs having a range of pKa, log D, and dose values as a function of presumed solubility and permeability. Results were normally expressed as the combination that resulted in 25% absorption. Absorption of basic drugs was found to be a function of the whole solubility/pH relationship rather than a single solubility value at pH 7. In addition, the parameter spaces of greatest sensitivity were identified. We compared 3 theoretical scenarios: the GIT pH range overlapping (1) only the salt solubility curve, (2) the salt and base solubility curves, or (3) only the base curve. Experimental solubilities of 32 compounds were determined at pHs of 2.2 and 7.4, and they nearly all fitted into 2 of the postulated scenarios. Typically, base solubilities can be simulated in silico, but salt solubilities at low pH can only be measured. We concluded that quality absorption simulations of candidate drugs in most cases require experimental solubility determination at 2 pHs, to permit calculation of the whole solubility/pH profile.
GIT; absorption simulation; pH solubility curve; BCS; solid-state properties; solubility screening
Articles connexes
Comparison of the formulation requirements of dosator and dosing disc automatic capsule filling machines
Heda, Pavan K.
Muteba, Kapiamba
Augsburger, Larry L.
AAPS PharmSci
The overall objective of this study was to provide 'semi-quantitative' or 'rigorous' definitions of the fluidity, lubricity and compactibility requirements of formulation for representative dosator and dosing disc capsule filling machines. To that end, model formulations were developed for those properties using Carr's compressibility index, ejection force, and plug breaking force at a specified compression force to gauge fluidity, lubricity, and compactibility, respectively. These formulations were each encapsulated on an Hofliger-Karg GKF-400 dosing disc machine and a Zanasi LZ-64 dosator machine. Each machine was instrumented to measure plug compression and ejection forces. The encapsulation process was evaluated for %CV of fill-weight, ejection force, plug breaking force and the dissolution of marker drugs incorporated in the formulations. The f2 metric was used to compare dissolution profiles. The results suggest: (1) formulations should meet different flow criteria for successful encapsulation on the two machines, (2) a relatively lower level of lubricant may be sufficient for the dosing disc machine, (3) a higher degree of formulation compactibility is needed for the dosator machine, and (4) transferring formulations between these machine types (same class, different subclass per FDA's SUPAC-IR/MR Manufacturing Equipment Addendum) could be challenging. In certain cases dissolution profiles for the same formulation filled on the two machines with equivalent compression force were different based on f2<50. Overall, the results of this study suggest a range of formulation characteristics appropriate for transferring formulations between these two types of machines.
Capsules; Formulation; Flow; Compactibility; Lubrication; Filling Machines
Articles connexes
Empirical versus mechanistic modelling: Comparison of an artificial neural network to a mechanistically based model for quantitative structure pharmacokinetic relationships of a homologous series of barbiturates
Nestorov, Ivan
Rowland, Malcolm
Hadjitodorov, S. T.
Petrov, I.
AAPS PharmSci
The aim of the current study was to compare the predictive performance of a mechanistically based model and an empirical artificial neural network (ANN) model to describe the relationship between the tissue-to-unbound plasma concentration ratios (Kpu's) of 14 rat tissues and the lipophilicity (LogP) of a series of nine 5-n-alkyl-5-ethyl barbituric acids. The mechanistic model comprised the water content, binding capacity, number of the binding sites, and binding association constant of each tissue. A backpropagation ANN with 2 hidden layers (33 neurons in the first layer, 9 neurons in the second) was used for the comparison. The network was trained by an algorithm with adaptive momentum and learning rate, programmed using the ANN Toolbox of MATLAB. The predictive performance of both models was evaluated using a leave-one-out procedure and computation of both the mean prediction error (ME, showing the prediction bias) and the mean squared prediction error (MSE, showing the prediction accuracy). The ME of the mechanistic model was 18% (range, 20 to 57%), indicating a tendency for overprediction; the MSE is 32% (range, 6 to 104%). The ANN had almost no bias: the ME was 2% (range, 36 to 64%) and had greater precision than the mechanistic model, MSE 18% (range, 4 to 70%). Generally, neither model appeared to be a significantly better predictor of the Kpu's in the rat.
Articles connexes
Evaluation of a new coprocessed compound based on lactose and maize starch for tablet formulation
Hauschild, Karsten
Picker, Katharina M.
AAPS PharmSci
The development of new direct compression excipients should include a comprehensive and rapid determination of deformation properties. The aim of this study was to characterize StarLac, a new coprocessed compound for direct compression based on lactose and maize starch. For this purpose, the effects of the base materials (maize starch and spraydried lactose) were considered and the influence of the spray-drying process was investigated. This was performed by comparing the physical mixture of starch and spray-dried lactose at the same ratio as for StarLac. For analysis of the deformation behavior, the 3-D model and the Walker equation were applied; for verification, the Heckel equation and the pressure time function (a modified Weibull equation) were used. The advantages of StarLac are its good flowability depending on the spray-drying process, an acceptable crushing force due to its lactose content, its rapid disintegration depending on starch, and a brilliant fast release of an active ingredient, such as theophylline monohydrate. The volume-pressure deformation properties of StarLac were dependent on the lactose properties. Only at high maximum relative density (ϱrel,max) did the influence of starch cause a change in these properties. A network-like structure can be observed using scanning electron microscopy pictures. Overall, StarLac deformed plastically with a low portion of elasticity. The physical mixture exhibited a more elastic behavior than StarLac. However, the part of the powder that was irreversibly compressed was much lower than was observed for the single substances. This behavior is caused by an interaction between the components, which in StarLac is prevented by spray drying.
compression; tableting behavior; lactose starch; drug release
Articles connexes
Evaluation of the potential use of poly(ethylene oxide) as tablet- and extrudate-forming material
Pinto, João F.
Wunder, Kathrin F.
Okoloekwe, Andrea
AAPS PharmSci
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential use of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as matrix-forming mate-rial for tablets and extrudates. Raw materials were characterized for size, size distribution, and shape. Tablets with 2- and 10-mm diameter were prepared by direct compression at both 13 and 38 MPa from mixtures with poly(ethylene oxide)s, a model drug (propranolol hydrochloride) and lactose. To these mixtures water was added (16%–43%) prior to extrusion in a ram extruder fit with different dies (1-, 3-, 6-, and 9-mm diameter and 4-mm length). Tablets and extrudates were characterized for work of compression or extrusion, respectively, relaxation, tensile strength, friability, and drug release. Both PEOs produced tablets easily and with different properties. Some relaxation was observed, particularly for tablets with higher amounts of PEOs. Release of the drug occurred after swelling of the matrix, and between 10% and 70% drug released, a quasi zero-order release was observed for large tablets. Extrusion was possible for formulations with PEO only with amounts of water between 16% and 50%. Both radial and axial relaxation of both plugs and extrudates were observed. Moreover, different extrusion profiles reflected the different behaviors of the different formulations. The model drug was released in the same fashion as observed for the tablets. It was possible to produce tablets by direct compression and extrudates or pellets from those extrudates from different formulations with PEO. Tablets and pellets have shown distinct properties depending upon the PEO considered. Extrusion was particularly complex with different formulations with PEO.
extrusion; minitablet, pellet; poly(ethylene oxide); tablet
Articles connexes
Properties of microcrystalline cellulose and powder cellulose after extrusion/spheronization as studied by fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy
Fechner, Petra M.
Wartewig, Siegfried
Füting, Manfred
Heilmann, Andreas
Neubert, Reinhard H. H.
Kleinebudde, Peter
AAPS PharmSci
In this study, the effect of powder cellulose (PC) and 2 types of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC 101 and MCC 301) on pellet properties produced by an extrusion/spheronization process was investigated. The different investigated types of cellulose displayed different behavior during the extrusion/spheronization process. Pure PC was unsuitable for extrusion, because too much water was required and the added water was partly squeezed during the extrusion process. In contrast, MCC 101 and MCC 301 were extrudable at a wide range of water content, but the quality of the resulting products varied. In the extrusion/spheronization process, MCC 101 was the best substance, with easy handling and acceptable product properties. The properties of the extrudates and pellets were determined by Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). FT-Raman spectroscopy was able to distinguish between the original substances and also between the wet and dried extrudates. The particle sizes of the raw material and of the extrudates were determined by ESEM without additional preparation. For MCC, the size of the resulting particles within the extrudate or pellet was smaller. However, in the extrudates of PC, changes in particle size could not be observed.
powder cellulose; microcrystalline cellulose; pellet; Raman spectroscopy; environmental scanning electron microscopy; extrusion/spheronization
Articles connexes
Evaluation of sucrose esters as alternative surfactants in microencapsulation of proteins by the solvent evaporation method
Youan, Bi-Botti C.
Hussain, Alamdar
Nguyen, Nga T.
AAPS PharmSci
Sucrose esters (SE) are surfactants with potential pharmaceutical applications because of their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and excellent biodegradability. The objective of the study was to investigate SE as alternative surfactants in stabilizing emulsions for the preparation of protein-loaded microparticles. To achieve this goal, using bovine serum albumin as model protein and 75/25 poly(d,1-lactide-co-glycolide) as polymer carrier, we have investigated the influence of the following formulation variables on particle characteristics: (1) SE concentration from 0.01% to 1% (wt/vol), (2) hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of SE from 6 to 15, and (3) the nature of emulsion stabilizer. The formulations were characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, bicinchoninic acid protein assay, optical microscopy and SDS-PAGE. Results showed that at 0.05% (wt/vol) surfactant concentration, SE with HLB of 6 to 15 provided discrete and spherical microparticles with the highest encapsulation efficiency compared with controls polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poloxamer 188. These results may be explained by the difference in critical micelle concentration, diffusion, and partition coefficient among the tested surfactants. HLB values were consistent with SE spectral data. The protein molecular weight was preserved after the encapsulation process. The effective SE concentration was far less (20-to 200-fold) than that is usually required for PVA in microencapsulation of proteins. However, the encapsulation efficiency was relatively lower (∼13.5%). These preliminary results suggest that it may be desirable to optimize such formulations in vitro and in vivo for SE to be eventually used as altermative surfactants in the development of microparticulate systems for parenteral delivery of protein and gene medicines.
proteins; microencapsulation; solvent evaporation; sucrose ester; surfactants
Articles connexes
Mechanisms of aggregate formation and carbohydrate excipient stabilization of lyophilized humanized monoclonal antibody formulations
Andya, James D.
Hsu, Chung C.
Shire, Steven J.
AAPS PharmSci
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of aggregate formation and excipient stabilization in freeze-dried formulations of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody. Protein degradation was measured using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and native size exclusion chromatography, and protein structure was studied using Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry and circular dichroism. The results showed that protein aggregates present following reconstitution were composed of native antibody structure and a reduced amount of free thiol when compared to protein monomer, which implied that intermolecular disulfides were involved in the aggregation mechanism. An excipient-free formulation resulted in reversible solid-state protein structural alteration and increased aggregation during storage. This correlated with dehydration to an extent that the amount of water was less than the estimated number of surface-accessible hydrogen-bonding sites on the protein. Improved native-like solid-state protein structure and reduced aggregation were obtained by formulation with enough carbohydrate to fulfill the hydrogen-bonding sites on the surface of the protein. Carbohydrate in excess of this concentration has less of an influence on protein aggregation. Reduced aggregation during storage was obtained by the addition of sufficient excipient to both stabilized solid-state protein structure and provide an environment that consisted of an amorphous glassy state matrix.
protein formulation; protein stability; recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody; aggregation; FT-IR spectrometry
Articles connexes
Effects of disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphates (FM-VP4) on cholesterol accumulation within rat intestinal cells
Wasan, Kishor M.
Yau, Edwin
Boulanger, Kathy D.
Ramswamy, Manisha
Pritchard, P. Haydn
AAPS PharmSci
The objective of this study was to determine whether FM-VP4, a novel compound derived from plant sterols, can effectively reduce cholesterol accumulation within rat intestinal epithelial crypt (IEC-6) cells. IEC-6 cells were cultured in Dulbeccos minimal essential medium (DMEM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 0.1 units/mL insulin at 37°C under a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere and seeded at 6.4×104 cells/well in 48-well plates. Experiments were initiated 14 days postconfluence. IEC-6 cells were exposed to [3H]cholesterol micelles (containing oleic and taurcholic acids), co-incubated with FM-VP4 (0, 10, 50, and 100 μM) in Hepes Buffered Sterile Saline (HBSS). Cells were also preincubated with FM-VP4 prior to [3H]cholesterol micelle incubation to determine whether its effects are elicited intracellularly. The cellular localization of cholesterol was determined using digitonin. To determine the effects of cholesterol on the extent of FM-VP4 accumulation within IEC-6 cells, [3H]FM-VP4 was incubated with IEC-6 cells in the presence of unlabeled cholesterol micelles (0, 10, and 50 μM). The extent of [3H]cholesterol or [3H]FM-VP4 associated with cell monolayers was determined after cell lysis using liquid scintillation counting in a Beckman LS6500 Scintillation Counter. Dose-response and time course studies were performed in which control (no FM-VP4 treatment) and FM-VP4 (10–100 μM) were co-incubated with 50-μM [3H]cholesterol micelles from 1 minute to 24 hours. Incubation with only 50-μM FM-VP4 for less than 24 hours resulted in a 50% to 60% reduction (n=6, P<.05) in [3H]cholesterol associated with the monolayer compared with control (n=6). Preincubation of FM-VP4 did not elicit a significant reduction in cholesterol accumulation compared with control (n=6). Approximately 25% of the total [3H]cholesterol associated with the cells was determined to be cytosolic, while 75% was noncytosolic in the presence and/or absence of FM-VP4. [3H]FM-VP4 was also shown to associate with IEC-6 cells at similar concentrations to cholesterol with the most pronounced inhibition of FM-VP4 accumulation occurring at a cholesterol concentration of 50 μM. However, cholesterol-induced inhibition was detectable only after 1 hour of incubation. FM-VP4 inhibits cholesterol accumulation within IEC-6 cells and is most effective at equimolar concentrations with cholesterol. Our findings further suggest that the action of FM-VP4 is likely at the cell surface and not elicited intracellularly.
IEC-6 cells; phytostanols; cholesterol accumulation; cytotoxicity
Articles connexes
Polyethylene glycol-induced precipitation of interferon alpha-2a followed by vacuum drying: Development of a novel process for obtaining a dry, stable powder
Sharma, Vikas K.
Kalonia, Devendra S.
AAPS PharmSci
Feasibility studies were performed on the development of a novel process based on polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced precipitation of proteins followed by vacuum drying in the presence of sugars to obtain dry protein powders. Apparent solubility of interferon alpha-2a (IFNα2a) was determined in the presence of various PEGs and the effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature was investigated. IFNα2a precipitate was dried at a shelf temperature of 25°C at 100 mTorr either as it is or in the presence of mannitol and/or trehalose. The dried IFNα2a formulations were subjected to accelerated stability studies at 40°C (3 months), and the stability was compared with that of a similar lyophilized formulation. The results indicated that more than 90% of the protein could be precipitated using 10% wt/vol PEG the protein could be precipitated using 10% wt/vol PEG 1450 at pH 6.5 at a solution ionic strength of 71 mM. Vacuum drying of the precipitate only resulted in the formation of insoluble aggregates of IFNα2a; however, this was prevented by the addition of either mannitol or trehalose. The addition of excess mannitol resulted in low residual moisture content and better handling of the final dried product. Accelerated storage stability did not show any aggregation and showed less than 5% formation of oxidized IFNα2a in the dried formulation containing IFNα2a: trehalose: mannitol in a 1∶10∶100 wt/wt ratio upon storage at 40°C for 3 months. The stability of this vacuum dried formulation was comparable with that of a similar lyophilized formulation.
protein formulation; polyethylene glycol (PEG); precipitation; vacuum drying; protein powders
Articles connexes
Chitosan and sodium alginate—Based bioadhesive vaginal tablets
El-Kamel, Amal
Sokar, Magda
Naggar, Viviane
Al Gamal, Safaa
AAPS PharmSci
Metronidazole was formulated in mucoadhesive vaginal tablets by directly compressing the natural cationic polymer chitosan, loosely cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, together with sodium alginate with or ine cellulose (MCC). Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was added to some of the formulations. The drug content in tablets was 20%. Drug dissolution rate studies from tablets were carried out in buffer pH 4.8 and distilled water. Swelling indices and adhesion forces were also measured for all formulations. The formula (FIII) containing 6% chitosan, 24% sodium alginate, 30% sodium CMC, and 20% MCC showed adequate release properties in both media and gave lower values of swelling index compared with the other examined formulations. FIII also proved to have good adhesion properties with minimum applied weights. Moreover, its release properties (% dissolution efficiency, DE) in buffer pH 4.8, as well as release mechanism (n values), were negligibly affected by aging. Thus, this formula may be considered a good candidate for vaginal mucoadhesive dosage forms.
metronidazole; chitosan; sodium alginate; mucoadhesion; swelling; release study
Articles connexes
Evaluation of USP apparatus 3 for dissolution testing of immediate-release products
Yu, Lawrence X.
Wang, Jin T.
Hussain, Ajaz S.
AAPS PharmSci
We sought to evaluate whether U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus 3 can be used as an alternative to USP apparatus 2 for dissolution testing of immediate-release (IR) dosage forms. Highly soluble drugs, metoprolol and ranitidine, and poorly soluble drugs, acyclovir and furosemide, were chosen as model drugs. The dissolution profiles of both innovator and generic IR products were determined using USP apparatus 2 at 50 rpm and apparatus 3 at 5, 15, and 25 dips per minute (dpm). The dissolution profiles from USP apparatus 3 were compared to those from USP apparatus 2 using the f2 similarity test. The dissolution profile from USP apparatus 3 generally depends on the agitation rate, with a faster agitation rate producing a faster dissolution rate. It was found that USP apparatus 3 at the extreme low end of the possible agitation range, such as 5 dpm, gave hydrodynamic conditions equivalent to USP apparatus 2 at 50 rpm. With appropriate agitation rate, USP apparatus 3 can produce similar dissolution profiles to USP apparatus 2 or distinguish dissolution characteristics for the IR products of metoprolol, ranitidine, and acyclovir. Incomplete dissolution was observed for the furosemide tablets using USP apparatus 3. Although it is primarily designed for the release testing of extended-release products, USP apparatus 3 may be used for the dissolution testing of IR products of highly soluble drugs, such as metoprolol and ranitidine, and some IR products of poorly soluble drugs, such as acyclovir. USP apparatus 3 offers the advantages of avoiding cone formation and mimicking the changes in physiochemical conditions and mechanical forces experienced by products in the gastrointestinal tract.
Dissolution; USP apparatus 2; USP apparatus 3; Immediate-Release; and Product
Articles connexes
Allometric scaling of xenobiotic clearance: Uncertainty versus universality
Hu, Ten-Min
Hayton, William L.
AAPS PharmSci
Statistical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation were used to characterize uncertainty in the allometric exponent (b) of xenobiotic clearance (CL). CL values for 115 xenobiotics were from published studies in which at least 3 species were used for the purpose of interspecies comparison of pharmacokinetics. The b value for each xenobiotic was calculated along with its confidence interval (CI). For 24 xenobiotics (21%), there was no correlation between log CL and log body weight. For the other 91 cases, the mean±standard deviation of the b values was 0.74±0.16; range: 0.29 to 1.2. Most (81%) of these individual b values did not differ from either 0.67 or 0.75 at P=0.05. When CL values for the subset of 91 substances were normalized to a common body weight coefficient (a), the b value for the 460 adjusted CL values was 0.74; the 99% CI was 0.71 to 0.76, which excluded 0.67. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the wide range of observed b values could have resulted from random variability in CL values determined in a limited number of species, even though the underlying b value was 0.75. From the normalized CL values, 4 xenobiotic subgroups were examined: those that were (i) protein, and those that were (ii) eliminated mainly by renal excretion, (iii) by metabolism, or (iv) by renal excretion and metabolism combined. All subgroups except (ii) showed a b value not different from 0.75. The b value for the renal excretion subgroup (21 xenobiotics, 105 CL values) was 0.65, which differed from 0.75 but not from 0.67.
allometric scaling; body-weight exponent; clearance; metabolism; metabolic rate; pharmacokinetics; Monte Carlo simulation; power law
Articles connexes
pH-Dependent dissolving nano- and microparticles for improved peroral delivery of a highly lipophilic compound in dogs
De Jaeghere, F.
Allémann, E.
Doelker, E.
Gurny, R.
Cerny, R.
Galli, B.
Steulet, A. F.
Müller, I.
Schütz, H.
AAPS PharmSci
RR01, a new highly lipophilic drug showing extremely low water solubility and poor oral bioavailability, has been incorporated into pH-dependent dissolving particles made of a poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylacrylate) copolymer. The physicochemical properties of the particles were determined using laser-light-scattering techniques, scanning electron microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and x-ray powder diffraction. Suspension of the free drug in a solution of hydroxypropylcellulose (reference formulation) and aqueous dispersions of pH-sensitive RR01-loaded nanoparticles or microparticles were administered orally to Beagle dogs according to a 2-block Latin square design (n =6). Plasma samples were obtained over the course of 48 hours and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The administration of the reference formulation resulted in a particularly high interindividual variability of pharmacokinetic parameters, with low exposure to compound RR01 (AUC0–48h of 6.5 μg.h/mL and coefficient of variation (CV) of 116%) and much higher Tmax, as compared to both pH-sensitive formulations. With respect to exposure and interindividual variability, nanoparticles were superior to microparticles (AUC0–48h of 27.1 μg.h/mL versus 17.7 μg.h/mL with CV of 19% and 40%, respectively), indicating that the particle size may play an important role in the absorption of compound RR01. The performance of pH-sensitive particles is attributed to their ability to release the drug selectively in the upper part of the intestine in a molecular or amorphous form. In conclusion, pH-dependent dissolving particles have a great potential as oral delivery systems for drugs with low water solubility and acceptable permeation properties.
Nanoparticles; Microparticles; Oral Administration; Poor Water Solubility; pH-Sensitive Polymer
Articles connexes
Estimation of capping incidence by indentation fracture tests
Kuppuswamy, R.
Anderson, S. R.
Augsburger, L. L.
Hoag, S. W.
AAPS PharmSci
The purpose of this study was to predict the capping tendencies of pharmaceutical powders by creating indentation fracture on compacts. Three sets of binary mixtures containing different concentrations of each ingredient were used in the study. The binary mixtures were chosen to represent plastic-plastic, plastic-brittle, and brittle-brittle combination of materials. The mixtures were tableted at different pressures and speeds on Prester®, a tablet press simulator. These mixtures were also compacted on the Instron® Universal Testing Machine 4502. Static indentation tests were done on these compacts at different depths until surface cracking and chipping were observed. The extent of surface cracking and chipping was observed from light microscope and scanning electron microscope images. A rank order correlation was observed between lamination susceptibility and the depth at which indentation failure occurred. It was concluded that indentation fracture tests could provide a useful estimate of lamination properties of pharmaceutical powders.
Indentation Fracture; Capping
Articles connexes
Effect of nonionic surfactant on transport of surface-active and non-surface-active model drugs and emulsion stability in triphasic systems
Chidambaram, N.
Burgess, D. J.
AAPS PharmSci
The effect of surfactant concentration on transport kinetics in emulsions using surface-active (phenobarbital, barbital) and non- surface-active is determined. Mineral oil was chosen as the oil phase and the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene-10-oleyl-ether (Brij 97) was chosen as the emulsifier. Model drug transport in the triphasic systems was investigated using side-by-side diffusion cells mounted with hydrophilic dialysis membranes (molecular weight cutoffs 1 kd and 50 kd) and a novel bulk equilibrium reverse dialysis bag technique. Emulsion stability was determined by droplet size analysis as a function of time, temperature, and the presence of model drugs, using photon correlation spectroscopy. Mineral oil/water (O/W) partition coefficients and aqueous solubilities were determined in the presence of surfactant. The transport rates of model drugs in emulsions increased with an increase in Brij 97 micellar concentrations up to 1.0% wt/vol and then decreased at higher surfactant concentrations. The transport profiles of the model drugs appeared to be governed by model drug O/W partition coefficient values and by micellar shape changes at higher surfactant concentrations.
Total transport rates of phenobarbital and barbital were faster than those of phenylazoaniline and benzocaine. Excess surfactant affected the transport rates of the model drugs in the emulsions depending on drug surface activity and lipophilicity.
Articles connexes
Independence of substituent contributions to the transport of small-molecule permeants in lipid bilayer
Mayer, Peter T.
Xiang, Tian-Xiang
Anderson, Bradley D.
AAPS PharmSci
Purpose: To explore the independence of functional group contributions to permeability of nonelectrolytes across egg lecithin bilayers. Methods. The transport rates were measured of a series of α-substituted p-methylhippuric acids (-H,-Cl,-OCH3,-CN,-OH,-COOH, and-CONH2) across egg lecithin lipid bilayers, in the form of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) at 25EC. Intrinsic permeability coefficients (PHA) were calculated from apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) measured as a function of pH. Group contributions to the free energy of transfer from water into the barrier domain, Δ(ΔGE)P,X, were calculated for the substituents and compared to the contributions of these groups when attached to p-toluic acid measured earlier. The Δ(ΔGE)P,X values from permeability data were also correlated with Δ(ΔGE)PC,X values of partitioning from water into organic solvents to determine the physicochemical selectivity of the barrier domain. Results. Papp values in LUVs were found to vary approximately linearly with the fraction of neutral permeant over a pH range of 5.5 to 10.5, suggesting that the transport of the ionized species is negligible over this pH range. The Δ(ΔGE)P,X values from the 2 series of compounds appear to be the same, indicating that the functional group contributions are independent. 1,9-Decadiene was found to be the most similar to the chemical environment of the barrier domain. Conclusions. Functional group contributions to transport across egg lecithin bilayers appear to be independent of the compound to which they are attached, even though the thickness of the barrier domain in lipid bilayers is approximately the same as the extended length of the permeant.
Articles connexes
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Alfred Health offers Graduate Nurse Programs at all of our three campuses.
All the Graduate Nurse Programs are designed for first year registered nurses and provide a supportive environment for the consolidation and further development of knowledge and skills, preparing you for future career opportunities.
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text: My Cozy Mary Jane Shoes by Mon Petit Shoe £24.50$43.86€29.55$32.88 In stock This item is not available for delivery to United States. International delivery available sizesize (required)18- 24 monthssize (required)18- 24 monthssize (required)18- 24 monthssize (required)18- 24 months quantity by Mon Petit Shoe Location: London, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Striped Satin Baby Booties by Mon Petit Shoe £13.99$25.04€16.87$18.77 Damian Perforated Leather Shoes by Mon Petit Shoe £36$64.45€43.42$48.31 My Nursery Shoes by Mon Petit Shoe £36.99$66.22€44.62$49.64 Cuquito Out & About Shoe by Mon Petit Shoe £18.99$33.99€22.90$25.48 Velvet Mary Jane Shoes by Mon Petit Shoe £38.99$69.80€47.03$52.33 Little Marine Shoes by Mon Petit Shoe £22.50$40.28€27.14$30.19 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS DELIVERY RETURNS ask seller a question save for later Lovely Mary Jane shoes ideal for winter due to their fleece interior which keeps little feet warm. Rileyroos shoes are specially designed to imitate barefoot walking, these shoes have a flexible leather sole with rubber padding to protect little feet. The sole curls above little toes to provide leverage as little ones make their natural gravitation from sitting to crawling to walking. They are the ideal shoes for children who are starting to take those first steps till they can walk on their own with confidence. made from: This mary jane shoes are handcrafted from high quality, they are also super soft and lightweight which makes them easy to wear for little children. For extra comfort they have padded leather collors and a velcro closure system for secure fit and easyness when putting on and off. Finally to make them the ideal winter shoes they have warm and cozy cream colored fleece lining dimensions: These little shoes come in two sizes: 12-18 months 18-24 months product code: 197899 This product is dispatched to you by Mon Petit Shoe. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item by price Standard Delivery Tuesday 2 August £3.75$6.71€4.52$5.03 Tracked Two Day Delivery Friday 29 July £6.70$11.99€8.08$8.99 NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £3.75$6.71€4.52$5.03 Northern Ireland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £3.75$6.71€4.52$5.03 Other UK Islands 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £3.75$6.71€4.52$5.03 INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Western Europe 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £15.50$27.74€18.69$20.80 Rest of Europe 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £15.50$27.74€18.69$20.80 You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. Mon Petit Shoe's return policy Please see notonthehighstreet.com's returns policy.


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I have the same problem, only I actually needed this backup.
tried to restore it, and was not able.
tried extracting the tar/GZ file, or whatever the hell it is, and still was not able to import it.
tried importing from cpanel, and also tried importing directly from phpmyadmin nothing worked.....


text:
Reebok Dibello Mid Stud Men's Casual Shoes
Product not available for In-Store Pick Up
The Reebok Dibello Mid Stud Men's Casual Shoes know how to keep you fly on the hardwood. A mid top silhouette with leather and suede upper stays fresh and gives you superior support. Two straps over a lace-up front offer a personalized fit, and you can't forget the stud detail that adds style and attitude. A thick rubber outsole provides the traction you need for all your moves.


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Definition: National estimates of the percentage of the population falling below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of January 1, 2014See also: Population below poverty line map
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alberta, Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Peterborough, Toronto, Vancouver, Victoria
Costa Rica
Czech Republic
Saudia Arabia
Trinidad and Tobago
United Kingdom
Belfast, Edinburgh, Glasgow, London, Nottingham, Oxford, York
United States
Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Detroit, Duke University NC, Houston, Las Vegas, Lawrence KS, Los Angeles, Lubbock TX, Manhattan KS, New Orleans, New York City, Pittsburgh, Twin Cities
At this time in my life I was doing work as a costumer for my community college's production of the Wizard of Oz. We had to work a LOT that month, so when we got our lunch breaks, sometimes I would head over to the local mall to chill out for the hour and grab a bite to eat. The way our mall is set up is that the parking lots are in sort of a circle with the mall building in the center. There are sidewalks leading to the building, and if you're walking in one parking lot, you can see the other lots on either side. (Kind of like a wheel where the sidewalks are the spokes.)
I was walking down one sidewalk with a lot on each side of me. Minding my own business. Then I hear, all the way from another sidewalk on the other end of one of the lots:
I glanced over in his direction and saw a guy, all the way across the lot on my left, keeping pace with me. I sped up a little, so did he. He kept shouting.
I was getting closer to one of the entrances to the building, and wondered if I could keep ignoring him. It wasn't working.
It was becoming clear that ignoring him was not going to make him stop. He probably would have kept shouting at me all the way to the building and I was a little afraid of running into him inside the mall. I gathered up my courage and shouted back as loud as I could, thanking my theatre training for teaching me to throw my voice from the diaphragm:
He heard me. But still didn't stop. That only turned his shouts of "hey baby" into:
Gee…and just a second ago I was "hot in that dress…" Amazing how quickly a harasser's opinion of you can change.
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My fiancé and I were taking a stroll at night near Main street in our town. There are a lot of bars down Main and it's intersecting streets, so there were some drunk patrons leaving one of the bars that we passed by. I noticed one of them was a guy I had known in high school, and I remembered that this guy had been very creepy and didn't have a sense of personal space and I had been harassed by him many times before in several situations, so I urged my fiancé to walk a little faster and hope that he wouldn't notice me.
He did…and he started shouting at me from behind.
"Damn! Look that that ASS!" he said "Girl you must work out!"
My fiancé put his arm around me and pulled me a little closer. This guy was drunk, but I remembered that he is no less creepy when sober. I knew there would be a confrontation in the street if I turned around and said anything, so we walked a little faster, trying to get to the traffic signal to cross the street, and told my fiancé to not acknowledge him.
"Come on girl, I see dat ass, lemme see your face!"
"Keep walking….keep walking…he's not there…" I said in a hushed voice.
We got to the signal, but it had JUST changed and now cars were going by. We quickly turned the corner out of sight and ran behind one of the buildings so the harasser lost us. We ended up going in a circle back to the other end of the street where the bar was.
Every time I see this guy in public, I turn the other way. Whether he's drunk or sober, he always creeps me out.
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I was walking when a guy was just standing in the sidewalk yelled at me "I bet you have a nice ass" As I passed him, I turned and gave him the middle finger.
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This happened when I was a teenager, maybe 16 or so. I was walking into a grocery store when I passed this creepy guy eyeballing me, as he walked away I overheard him say "too young" in a disappointed way. The town I was in is known for its high number of sex offenders. It was just creepy. I don't like to grocery shop often anymore.
I was standing in the metro. Some guys were standing next to me ( They didn't understand german, just arabic, so I assume they were from an arabic country, although this isn't a matter of nationality) and were chatting, they seemed to be in their 20s. I want to add that I directly came from school and I was dressed very modestly. When the train stopped at the station, they guy next to me let me leave the train first . I liked this act of politeness very much, that's why thanked him and smiled to him very nicely. It wasn't meant as flirtation or anything, I just wanted to be polite. But when I left, I heard them laughing : oooooooooooh Dankeschön Dankeschön ( which is the german word for thank you, that i used). They said it in a weird tone , then they started to say something in arabic. Of course I don't really know what they said, but I am sure that they thought that the fact I thanked him in a friendly way, was a sign that I liked him. They continued grinning into my direction and that really upset me.
Generally, I have experienced that guys from the middleeast sometimes misinterpret politeness from girls. I am from Iran, and Iranians also behave this way. Another time, I was in the metro with my friend when a Iranian guy started talking to me, in the middle of our conversation! I replied politely but reluctantly. still, when my friend left the train, he talked to me all they way, asking how old i was and if i would give him my phone number . he was actually pretty nice, but it was still a bit awkward for me.
When I am in Iran, I experienced that if you look into a guys eyes for a few seconds or smile at him, he thinks you are interested in him. That really sucks. so – guys ! even if I am polite to you – it doesn't mean I want to date you our stuff okay?
no comments
My car broke down on the side of a busy but small road during 5 o'clock traffic. My dad was with me and he was standing outside looking under my hood. I was way too uncomfy to get out of the car because I was wearing a short dress and wasn't anticipating having to stand on the side of a road. I have been sexually assaulted and raped before so this adds to my extreme anxiety in situations such as this. I felt bad that I was not helping so I did step out of the car, and of course – as soon as I did I hear "DAMMMNNNN BABY" or something to that effect. This man was hanging out the driver's side window making hand gestures at me and yelling, at a stop sign, with tons of other cars waiting behind him and all around. Although my stress level heightens in situations like this I always have something to say back. I look at him, gave him the finger and just said "NO. NOPE." with a super bitch look on my face. He THEN yelled "Whatever, BITCH!" and drove away, continuing to look at me. My dad was within feet of me. There were TWO OTHER men standing with us and he STILL had the audacity to do it. My dad an the other men did not hear it, luckily. Otherwise we would have had a bigger problem.
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I have gone to my friends' house to meet him as he was not well. After sometime, we decided to go out for a light stroll. Some boys standing outside the apartment abused me without any reason. My friend got angry but I asked him not to loose his patience as they were in large numbers. But, still I am not able to forget that incident and I really feel insulted. How to overcome this?
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Harassed for several weeks. Contacted my employees, verbally attacked me.
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For some reason even though I have my two kids with me and my wedding ring on my hand men still come up to me it's really pathetic.
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So me and a friend of mine are walking through downtown Portland Oregon to the mall to get some Christmas shopping done. As we're crossing the street, a man comes up to me and my friend and starts screaming 6 inches from our faces
After being startled half to death I finally worked up the courage to scream right back, "GET THE FUCK AWAY FROM US BEFORE I BEAT THE SHIT OUT OF YOU!!" He didn't back off so we shoved our way through and kept walking.
What bothers me the most was that there were 20 or 30 people around us at the pioneer courthouse square and not ONE person did anything or asked us if we were okay.
This is only one of numerous times ive been harassed on my way to work/class/at work.
I cant shake the feeling these encounters gives me. Something has got to be done.
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