text:
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Author: Howard R Smith, MD; Chief Editor: Herbert S Diamond, MD more...
Practice Essentials
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. An external trigger (eg, cigarette smoking, infection, or trauma) that triggers an autoimmune reaction, leading to synovial hypertrophy and chronic joint inflammation along with the potential for extra-articular manifestations, is theorized to occur in genetically susceptible individuals. See the image below.
See Rheumatoid Arthritis: In and Out of the Joint, a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify the distinguishing features of RA as well as the signs of extra-articular manifestations of this disfiguring disease.
Signs and symptoms
In most patients with RA, onset is insidious, often beginning with fever, malaise, arthralgias, and weakness before progressing to joint inflammation and swelling.
Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include the following:
Persistent symmetric polyarthritis (synovitis) of hands and feet (hallmark feature)
Progressive articular deterioration
Extra-articular involvement
Difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs)
Constitutional symptoms
The physical examination should address the following:
Upper extremities (metacarpophalangeal joints, wrists, elbows, shoulders)
Lower extremities (ankles, feet, knees, hips)
Cervical spine
During the physical examination, it is important to assess the following:
Pain on motion
Limitation of motion
Extra-articular manifestations
Rheumatoid nodules
Guidelines for evaluation
2013 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) management guidelines
2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/EULAR classification criteria [1]
2012 ACR disease activity measures [2]
2011 ACR/EULAR definitions of remission [3]
See Clinical Presentation for more detail.
No test results are pathognomonic; instead, the diagnosis is made by using a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. Potentially useful laboratory studies in suspected RA include the following:
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
C-reactive protein level
Complete blood count
Rheumatoid factor assay
Antinuclear antibody assay
Anti−cyclic citrullinated peptide and anti−mutated citrullinated vimentin assays
Potentially useful imaging modalities include the following:
Radiography (first choice): Hands, wrists, knees, feet, elbows, shoulders, hips, cervical spine, and other joints as indicated
Magnetic resonance imaging: Primarily cervical spine
Ultrasonography of joints: Joints, as well as tendon sheaths, changes and degree of vascularization of the synovial membrane, and even erosions
Joint aspiration and analysis of synovial fluid may be considered, including the following:
Gram stain
Cell count
Assessment of overall appearance
See Workup for more detail.
Nonpharmacologic, nonsurgical therapies include the following:
Heat and cold therapies
Orthotics and splints
Therapeutic exercise
Occupational therapy
Adaptive equipment
Joint-protection education
Energy-conservation education
Guidelines for pharmacologic therapy
2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis [4]
2013 EULAR management guidelines [5]
2007 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) recommendations
Nonbiologic DMARDS include the following:
Gold salts
Biologic TNF-inhibiting DMARDs include the following:
Biologic non-TNF DMARDs include the following:
Other drugs used therapeutically include the following:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Surgical treatments include the following:
Tendon realignment
Reconstructive surgery or arthroplasty
See Treatment and Medication for more detail.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. The hallmark feature of this condition is persistent symmetric polyarthritis (synovitis) that affects the hands and feet, though any joint lined by a synovial membrane may be involved. Extra-articular involvement of organs such as the skin, heart, lungs, and eyes can be significant. (See Presentation.)
No laboratory test results are pathognomonic for RA, but the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) is highly specific for this condition. (See Workup.)
Optimal care of patients with RA requires an integrated approach that includes nonpharmacologic therapies and pharmacologic agents such as nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, and corticosteroids. (See Treatment and Medication.)
Early therapy with DMARDs has become the standard of care; it not only can more efficiently retard disease progression than later treatment but also may induce more remissions. (See Treatment.) Many of the newer DMARD therapies, however, are immunosuppressive in nature, leading to a higher risk for infections. (See Complications.)
Macrophage activation syndrome is a life-threatening complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that necessitates immediate treatment with high-dose steroids and cyclosporine. (See Complications.)
The following guidelines on treating RA to therapeutic target were issued in 2015 by an international task force of rheumatologists, patient representatives, and a rheumatology nurse[6, 7] :
The primary target for treatment of RA should be a state of clinical remission. Clinical remission is defined as the absence of signs and symptoms of significant inflammatory disease activity.
While remission should be a clear target, low-disease activity may be an acceptable alternative therapeutic goal, particularly in long-standing disease.
The use of validated composite measures of disease activity, which include joint assessments, is needed in routine clinical practice to guide treatment decisions.
The choice of the (composite) measure of disease activity and the target value should be influenced by comorbidities, patient factors, and drug-related risks.
Measures of disease activity must be obtained and documented regularly: as frequently as monthly for patients with high/moderate disease activity or less frequently (such as every 6 mo) for patients in sustained low-disease activity or remission.
Structural changes and functional impairment and comorbidity should be considered when making clinical decisions, in addition to assessing composite measures of disease activity.
Until the desired treatment target is reached, drug therapy should be adjusted at least every 3 mo.
The desired treatment target should be maintained throughout the remaining course of the disease.
The rheumatologist should involve the patient in setting the treatment target and the strategy to reach this target.
The pathogenesis of RA is not completely understood. An external trigger (eg, cigarette smoking, infection, or trauma) that sets off an autoimmune reaction, leading to synovial hypertrophy and chronic joint inflammation along with the potential for extra-articular manifestations, is theorized to occur in genetically susceptible individuals.
Synovial cell hyperplasia and endothelial cell activation are early events in the pathologic process that progresses to uncontrolled inflammation and consequent cartilage and bone destruction. Genetic factors and immune system abnormalities contribute to disease propagation.
CD4 T cells, mononuclear phagocytes, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, and neutrophils play major cellular roles in the pathophysiology of RA, whereas B cells produce autoantibodies (ie, RFs). Abnormal production of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators has been demonstrated in patients with RA, including the following:
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
Interleukin (IL)-1
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß)
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
Ultimately, inflammation and exuberant proliferation of the synovium (ie, pannus) leads to destruction of various tissues, including cartilage (see the image below), bone, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Although the articular structures are the primary sites involved by RA, other tissues are also affected.
The cause of RA is unknown. Genetic, environmental, hormonal, immunologic, and infectious factors may play significant roles. Socioeconomic, psychological, and lifestyle factors (eg, tobacco use, the main environmental risk[8] ) may influence disease development and outcome.
Genetic factors
Genetic factors account for 50% of the risk for developing RA.[9] About 60% of RA patients in the United States carry a shared epitope of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 cluster, which constitutes one of the peptide-binding sites of certain HLA-DR molecules associated with RA (eg, HLA-DR beta *0401, 0404, or 0405). HLA-DR1 (HLA-DR beta *0101) also carries this shared epitope and confers risk, particularly in certain southern European areas. Other HLA-DR4 molecules (eg, HLA-DR beta *0402) lack this epitope and do not confer this risk.
Genes other than those of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are also involved, and results from sequencing genes of families with RA suggest the presence of several resistance and susceptibility genes, including PTPN22 and TRAF5.[10, 11]
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), also known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), is a heterogeneous group of diseases that differs markedly from adult RA. JIA is known to have genetically complex traits in which multiple genes are important for disease onset and manifestations, and it is characterized by arthritis that begins before the age of 16 years, persists for more than 6 weeks, and is of unknown origin.[12] The IL2RA/CD25 gene has been implicated as a JIA susceptibility locus, as has the VTCN1 gene.[13]
Some investigators suggest that the future of treatment and understanding of RA may be based on imprinting and epigenetics. RA is significantly more prevalent in women than in men,[14, 15] which suggests that genomic imprinting from parents participates in its expression.[16, 17] Imprinting is characterized by differential methylation of chromosomes by the parent of origin, resulting in differential expression of maternal over paternal genes.[18]
Epigenetics is the change in DNA expression that is due to environmentally induced methylation and not to a change in DNA structure. Clearly, the research focus will be on environmental factors in combination with immune genetics.
Infectious agents
For many decades, numerous infectious agents have been suggested as potential causes of RA, including Mycoplasma organisms, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and rubella virus. This suggestion is indirectly supported by the following evidence:
Occasional reports of flulike disorders preceding the start of arthritis
The inducibility of arthritis in experimental animals with different bacteria or bacterial products (eg, streptococcal cell walls)
The presence of bacterial products, including bacterial RNA, in patients' joints
The activity of several agents that have antimicrobial effects as disease-modifying drugs (eg, gold salts, antimalarial agents, and minocycline)
Emerging evidence also points to an association between RA and periodontopathic bacteria. For example, the synovial fluid of RA patients has been found to contain high levels of oral anaerobic bacterial antibodies common in periodontal infection, including Porphyromonas gingivalis.[19, 20]
Hormonal factors
Sex hormones may play a role in RA, as evidenced by the disproportionate number of females with this disease, its amelioration during pregnancy, its recurrence in the early postpartum period, and its reduced incidence in women using oral contraceptives. Hyperprolactinemia may be a risk factor for RA.[21]
Immunologic factors
All of the major immunologic elements play fundamental roles in initiating, propagating, and maintaining the autoimmune process of RA. The exact orchestration of the cellular and cytokine events that lead to pathologic consequences (eg, synovial proliferation and subsequent joint destruction) is complex, involving T and B cells, antigen-presenting cells (eg, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells), and various cytokines. Aberrant production and regulation of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine pathways are found in RA.
T cells are assumed to play a pivotal role in the initiation of RA, and the key player in this respect is assumed to be the T helper 1 (Th1) CD4 cells. (Th1 cells produce IL-2 and interferon [IFN] gamma.) These cells may subsequently activate macrophages and other cell populations, including synovial fibroblasts. Macrophages and synovial fibroblasts are the main producers of TNF-a and IL-1. Experimental models suggest that synovial macrophages and fibroblasts may become autonomous and thus lose responsiveness to T-cell activities in the course of RA.
B cells are important in the pathologic process and may serve as antigen-presenting cells. B cells also produce numerous autoantibodies (eg, RF and ACPA) and secrete cytokines.
The hyperactive and hyperplastic synovial membrane is ultimately transformed into pannus tissue and invades cartilage and bone, with the latter being degraded by activated osteoclasts. The major difference between RA and other forms of inflammatory arthritis, such as psoriatic arthritis, lies not in their respective cytokine patterns but, rather, in the highly destructive potential of the RA synovial membrane and in the local and systemic autoimmunity.
Whether these 2 events are linked is unclear; however, the autoimmune response conceivably leads to the formation of immune complexes that activate the inflammatory process to a much higher degree than normal. This theory is supported by the much worse prognosis of RA among patients with positive RF results.
Worldwide, the annual incidence of RA is approximately 3 cases per 10,000 population, and the prevalence rate is approximately 1%, increasing with age and peaking between the ages of 35 and 50 years. RA affects all populations, though it is much more prevalent in some groups (eg, 5-6% in some Native American groups) and much less prevalent in others (eg, black persons from the Caribbean region).
First-degree relatives of individuals with RA are at 2- to 3-fold higher risk for the disease. Disease concordance in monozygotic twins is approximately 15-20%, suggesting that nongenetic factors play an important role. Because the worldwide frequency of RA is relatively constant, a ubiquitous infectious agent has been postulated to play an etiologic role.
Women are affected by RA approximately 3 times more often than men are,[14, 15] but sex differences diminish in older age groups.[14] In investigating whether the higher rate of RA among women could be linked to certain reproductive risk factors, a study from Denmark found that the rate of RA was higher in women who had given birth to just 1 child than in women who had delivered 2 or 3 offspring.[22] However, the rate was not increased in women who were nulliparous or who had a history of lost pregnancies.
Time elapsed since pregnancy is also significant. In the 1- to 5-year postpartum period, a decreased risk for RA has been recognized, even in those with higher-risk HLA markers.[23]
The Danish study also found a higher risk of RA among women with a history of preeclampsia, hyperemesis during pregnancy, or gestational hypertension.[22] In the authors' view, this portion of the data suggested that a reduced immune adaptability to pregnancy may exist in women who are predisposed to the development of RA or that there may be a link between fetal microchimerism (in which fetal cells are present in the maternal circulation) and RA.[22]
Outcome in RA is compromised when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. The clinical course of RA is generally one of exacerbations and remissions. Approximately 40% of patients with this disease become disabled after 10 years, but outcomes are highly variable.[24] Some patients experience a relatively self-limited disease, whereas others have a chronic progressive illness.
Prognostic factors
Intervention with DMARDs in very early RA (symptom duration <12 weeks at the time of first treatment) provides the best opportunity for achieving disease remission.[25] Better detection of early joint injury has provided a previously unappreciated view of the ubiquity and importance of early joint damage. Nonetheless, predicting the long-term course of an individual case of RA at the outset remains difficult, though the following all correlate with an unfavorable prognosis in terms of joint damage and disability:
HLA-DRB1*04/04 genotype
High serum titer of autoantibodies (eg, RF and ACPA)
Extra-articular manifestations
Large number of involved joints
Age younger than 30 years
Female sex
Systemic symptoms
Insidious onset
In a retrospective study that used logistic regression to analyze clinical and laboratory assessments in patients with RA who took only methotrexate, the authors found that measures of C-reactive protein (CRP) and swollen joint count after 12 weeks of methotrexate administration were most associated with radiographic progression at week 52.[26]
The prognosis of RA is generally much worse among patients with positive RF results. For example, the presence of RF in sera has been associated with severe erosive disease.[27, 28] However, the absence of RF does not necessarily portend a good prognosis.
Other laboratory markers of a poor prognosis include early radiologic evidence of bony injury, persistent anemia of chronic disease, elevated levels of the C1q component of complement, and the presence of ACPA (see Workup). In fact, the presence of ACPA and antikeratin antibodies (AKA) in sera has been linked with severe erosive disease,[27] and the combined detection of these autoantibodies can increase the ability to predict erosive disease in RA patients.[28]
RA that remains persistently active for longer than 1 year is likely to lead to joint deformities and disability.[29] Periods of activity lasting only weeks or a few months followed by spontaneous remission portend a better prognosis.
Morbidity and mortality
Most data on RA disability rates derive from specialty units caring for referred patients with severe disease. Little information is available on patients cared for in primary care community settings. Estimates suggest that more than 50% of these patients remain fully employed, even after 10-15 years of disease, with one third having only intermittent low-grade disease and another one third experiencing spontaneous remission.
RA is associated with traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors. The leading cause of excess mortality in RA is cardiovascular disease, followed by infection, respiratory disease, and malignancies. The effects of concurrent therapy, which is often immunosuppressive, may contribute to mortality in RA. However, studies suggest that control of inflammation may improve mortality.
Nontraditional risk factors appear to play an important role in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Myocardial infarction, myocardial dysfunction, and asymptomatic pericardial effusions are common; symptomatic pericarditis and constrictive pericarditis are rare. Myocarditis, coronary vasculitis, valvular disease, and conduction defects are occasionally observed. A large Danish cohort study suggested the presence of an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke in patients with RA.[30]
The overall mortality in patients with RA is reportedly 2.5 times higher than that of the general age-matched population. In the 1980s, mortality among those with severe articular and extra-articular disease approached that among patients with 3-vessel coronary disease or stage IV Hodgkin disease. Much of the excess mortality derives from infection, vasculitis, and poor nutrition. With the exception of lymphoma, mortality from cancer is unchanged.
Patient Education
Patient education and counseling help to reduce pain, disability, and frequency of physician visits. These may represent the most cost-effective intervention for RA.[31, 32]
Informing patient of diagnosis
With a potentially disabling disease such as RA, the act of informing the patient of the diagnosis takes on major importance. The goal is to satisfy the patient's informational needs regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in appropriate detail. To understand the patient's perspective, requests, and fears, the physician must employ careful questioning and empathic listening.
Telling patients more than they are intellectually or psychologically prepared to handle (a common practice) risks making the experience so intense as to trigger withdrawal. Conversely, failing to address issues of importance to the patient compromises the development of trust. The patient needs to know that the primary physician understands the situation and is available for support, advice, and therapy as the need arises. Encouraging the patient to ask questions helps to communicate interest and caring.
Discussing prognosis and treatment
Patients and families do best when they know what to expect and can view the illness realistically. Many patients fear crippling consequences and dependency. Accordingly, it is valuable to provide a clear description of the most common disease manifestations. Without encouraging false hopes, the physician can point out that spontaneous remissions can occur and that more than two thirds of patients live independently without major disability. In addition, emphasize that much can be done to minimize discomfort and to preserve function.
A review of available therapies and their efficacy helps patients to overcome feelings of depression stemming from an erroneous expectation of inevitable disability.[33] (See Treatment). Even in those with severe disease, guarded optimism is now appropriate, given the host of effective and well-tolerated disease-modifying treatments that are emerging.
Dealing with misconceptions
Several common misconceptions regarding RA deserve attention. Explaining that no known controllable precipitants exist helps to eliminate much unnecessary guilt and self-recrimination. Dealing in an informative, evidence-based fashion with a patient who expresses interest in alternative and complementary forms of therapy can help limit expenditures on ineffective treatments.
Another misconception is that a medication must be expensive to be helpful. Generic NSAIDs, low-dose prednisone,[24] and the first-line DMARDs are quite inexpensive yet remarkably effective for relieving symptoms, a point that bears emphasizing. The belief that one must be given the latest TNF inhibitor to be treated effectively can be addressed by a careful review of the overall treatment program and the proper role of such agents in the patient's plan of care.
Active participation of the patient and family in the design and implementation of the therapeutic program helps boost morale and to ensure compliance, as does explaining the rationale for the therapies used.
The family also plays an important part in striking the proper balance between dependence and independence. Household members should avoid overprotecting the patient (eg, refraining from intercourse out of fear of hurting the patient) and should work to sustain the patient's pride and ability to contribute to the family. Allowing the patient with RA to struggle with a task is sometimes constructive.
Supporting patient with debilitating disease
Abandonment is a major fear in these individuals. Patients are relieved to know that they will be closely observed by the primary physician and healthcare team, working in conjunction with a consulting rheumatologist and physical/occupational therapist, all of whom are committed to maximizing the patient's comfort and independence and to preserving joint function. With the use of occupational therapy, the treatment effort is geared toward helping the patient maintain a meaningful work role within the limitations of the illness.
Persons with long-standing severe disease who have already sustained much irreversible joint destruction benefit from an emphasis on comfort measures, supportive counseling, and attention to minimizing further debility. Such patients need help in grieving for their disfigurement and loss of function.
An accepting, unhurried, empathic manner allows the patient to express feelings. The seemingly insignificant act of touching does much to restore a sense of self-acceptance. Attending to pain with increased social support, medication, and a refocusing of attention to function is useful. A trusting and strong patient-doctor relationship can do much to sustain a patient through times of discomfort and disability.
For more information, see the Arthritis Center and Pain Management Center, as well as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis Medications, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Chronic Pain.
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|Disease Activity
|Early RA (<6 months)
|(Notable change from 2012 to 2015 guidelines: The 2015 guidelines do not recommend initial combination DMARD therapy in early RA with moderate to high disease activity)
|Established RA (=6 month or meets 1987 ACR RA classification criteria)
|If disease activity remains moderate or high despite DMARD monotherapy, ACR guidelines recommend one of the following:
|If disease activity remains moderate or high despite use of a single anti-TNF biologic:
|If disease activity remains moderate or high despite use of one anti-TNF biologic and one non-TNF biologic:
|(Notable change from 2012 to 2015 guidelines: Instead of switching from one anti-TNF biologic to another anti-TNF biologic because of continued activity, it is recommended to change first to a non-TNF biologic)
|Result of Initial/Repeat TST or IGRA
|In patients with RA but without risk factors or clinical suspicion for TB
|In patients with RA and immunosuppression plus LTBI risk factors
|Active/latent TB
|ACR = American College of Rheumatology; IGRA = interferon gamma release assay; LBTI = latent tuberculosis infection; RA = rheumatoid arthritis; TB = tuberculosis; TST = tuberculin skin test.
Source: Singh JA, Saag KG, et al2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.39480 (2015).[4]


text:
Habitats/East Fifth Street; For an Old Music Hall, Urban Alchemy
By PENELOPE GREEN
Published: October 26, 2003
RECYCLING is both a modern buzzword and an urban necessity. Architecturally, of course, it is what makes cities so visually rich, and so efficient. Consider the nine lives of the broad gray building on East Fifth Street just off the Bowery.
Built in the latter part of the 19th century as a music hall, it has since been, variously, a wedding hall, a beer hall, an early sound studio, a warehouse and a performance space. Now it is a home -- for one artist, one art promoter, one fashion executive and her family, and two architects and their two daughters.
How the two architects, Alissa Bucher and Rob Rogers, helped to reimagine Beethoven Hall, as the building is again being called, and in so doing carve a home for their family out of its basement and subbasement, is both a study in relationships -- spatial, marital and social -- and in the fine art of recycling.
Ms. Bucher and Mr. Rogers's townhouse-y, three-story apartment is made of borrowed space, scavenged appliances and repurposed or discounted materials. The other night, their daughter Claire, age 8, performed expert skid stops on her scooter, rolling along 50 odd feet of a farmed Vietnamese hardwood floor ($5 a foot, installed) and stopping just shy of a concrete step (free, salvaged from shelving at a Kate Spade store), one of two leading down into an enormous sunken living area covered with squares of an insulation material ($2 a foot), more commonly used to provide fire protection in housing developments, and dressed with a long dining table that began life as a conference table for the architect Helmut Jahn.
''Everything is scrabbled,'' said Mr. Rogers, reaching into a bar refrigerator that had lived for some time with clients uptown in Olympic Tower.
''It's an old habit,'' Ms. Bucher said, explaining that at one point she had amassed a collection of almost a dozen appliances, including four dryers and two dishwashers, all throwaways scavenged from other architectural projects and awaiting deployment in their new home.
To further unravel the geneology of all these items -- and the happy accidents that gave this structure so much unencumbered space to begin with -- you have to go back to the midpoint of the building's history. Built as a concert hall in 1860, according to Mr. Rogers and Ms. Bucher, Beethoven Hall had its performance space, which had 30-foot ceilings, on the third floor. In the middle of the last century, after it had done time as a wedding hall and then a beer joint, the building and the tenement next door were bought by NBC, which combined them into sound studios. Building lore says that early episodes of ''The Honeymooners'' were recorded here.
The tenement was gutted, and its floors were realigned with the onetime theater building; whatever columns had supported the innards of the original building were pulled out, and steel beams added to provide the missing support. What this created was a 50-by-100-foot structure, full of vast, unbroken areas, the sort of space and light that is so dear to an urban painter's heart. Or an urban art lover's.
In the late 1980's, a Swiss art promoter bought the building with the hope of creating a European-style kunsthalle -- a public art and performance space. In 1992, a fire tore through the third floor and its roof. Rogers Marvel Architects, where Mr. Rogers is a principal and Ms. Bucher is an associate, was called in to help stabilize the building and to begin to imagine the spaces within for a kunsthalle.
But the project stalled as the art market -- and the attendant financing and excitement -- retreated from its mid-80's highs. The art promoter downsized his dream and asked Rogers Marvel to rethink the space. What if he could make his own kunsthalle within a capacious live-work space on the third floor, site of the old concert hall, and offer similar live-work residences to like-minded individuals?
''He hated the idea of a developer coming in and slicing up everything into 40 loft-ettes,'' Ms. Bucher said.
TO preserve the glorious space and his intent for the building, the owner reached out to Ms. Bucher and Mr. Rogers, including them as partners, along with a successful young painter, to create the initial social and financial glue for the project, and a strategy for conversion.
The painter would live on the second floor, a more than 6,000-square-foot space, which runs from the tenement side of the building on the east all the way to the western edge of the original building. The promoter would live above him, in the old theater space.
The architects would burrow down from the parlor floor of the tenement into its basement and below. They would create an additional living space, a luxurious penthouse, the sale of which would provide the final kick of cash to complete the conversion. When the first penthouse buyer backed out at the last minute, an executive at Kate Spade stepped in.
Rogers Marvel, known for elegant civic and public projects like the Studio Museum in Harlem, has also designed every spare and glowing Kate Spade store in the country, beginning with the first tiny space on Thompson Street. This final investor, for whom Rogers Marvel had also designed two residences, completed an intimate partnership, a limited liability company made of good friends.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hi there,
Excellent plugin! It has allowed me to make my website far more versatile.
Just one thing I am trying to fix: an unclosed tag "more »" /> " appears in the top left corner of the header
How can I remove that? It only affects pages that I have set to be full page width.
Thanks in advance,


text:
Anatomy Android Mobile Application for medical students.
11 months ago
Anatomy Physiology Biochem Pathology Pharmacology Microbiology forensic Ophthalmology E N T Medicine Gynaecology Obstetrics surgery Paediatrics and many more subject's ready made power point presentations
can you please correct the leukemia powerpoint. you have uploaded the malarial powerpoint twice and the leukemia ppt is missing
thanks in advance
thanks good work ,God help you as you are helping others.
Very nice collections.
Thank you very much for providing good collection
© Blogger templates Newspaper III by Ourblogtemplates.com 2008
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A closed subset of an algebraic group which contains $e$ and is closed under taking products is a subgroup of $G$.
Denote this set as $X$. If the condition of $X$ being closed is dropped, this statement does not hold. The set of nonzero integers in $\mathbb{G}_m$ over $\mathbb{C}$ is a counterexample.
It suffice to prove that for any $x \in X$, $x^{-1}X = X$. As $X$ is closed under taking products, it is clear that $X \subseteq x^{-1}X$. In order to prove the inverse inclusion, the closedness of $X$ (under Zariski topology) must be used.
Let $\phi: G \rightarrow G, y \mapsto x^{-1}y$ is a homoemorphism of $G$ as an algebraic variety. So $x^{-1}X = \phi(X)$ is a closed subset of $G$ containing $X$. But Why are they equal?
Thanks very much.


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President Obama Shuts Down Task Force X in "Suicide Squad: Rebirth" Preview
Comic Books
Showing results 1-3 of 3
Poison Ivy: Cycle of Life and Death #2
Amy Chu, Clay Mann and company continue their "Poison Ivy: Cycle of Life and Death" #2 shifts to as much mystery as thriller with a dangerous but sympathetic lead.
|February 22nd, 2016
Astonishing X-Men Annual #1
|November 29th, 2012
Secret Invasion: Requiem #1
A collection of two vital reprints, framed by eight pages of new story begins to set the stage by addressing the issue of whom the "Mighty Avengers" will be avenging.
|December 28th, 2008


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|MMORPG Games: The Realms Public discussion forum for all MMORPG games.
|Thread Tools
|16th January 2013, 03:50 PM
|#1 (permalink)
Ultima Online is arguably the father of the whole MMO scene. There were other mmos at the time (Neverwinter Nights online was on AOL starting in the 90s) but none which showed us the potential of this as a gaming platform until Richard Garriot gave us Ultima Online.
I remember the launch; I spent most of the night trying to log in, server problems, lag problems, login issues. You name the problem; they had it. But those few minutes of play time just made the down-time worth it.
Anywhere PVP, portal runes, dyes, player housing, etc. Great stuff. Back when dying meant quite likely losing your equipped gear.
I'm just hoping Ultima Forever polishes up what we all loved about the title; without changing the game too much. Give us a world worth exploring and exploiting! Give survival meaning!
Mythic Entertainment
"It is better to be a soldier´s widow than a coward´s wife"
"The onset of bayonets in the hands of the valiant is irresistible"
|17th January 2013, 03:42 AM
|#2 (permalink)
I would say UO was the father of MMORPGs, as the creator of UO, Richard Garriott coined that term. Not the father of MMOs. Legends of Future Past was the first commercialized MMO.
Welcome to the Elder Scrolls Online Division
|23rd January 2013, 11:26 AM
|#3 (permalink)
So much of my childhood was spent in Britannia, I can't wait to go back. Ultima IV(which this is a re-make of.... ish) is still arguably one of the greatest RPG's ever made, and really broke away from alot of other games, there's isn't even a big bad boss at the end. It's literally just learning the virtues and becoming the Avatar. Looking forward to seeing this and hopefully it isn't just some micro-transaction co-op tablet game that can be played on pc too.
Speaking of Ultima IV this guy reviews the whole series, it's pretty funny.
|11th February 2013, 05:59 AM
|#4 (permalink)
hmm I hadnt heard of this title until just now seeing your thread. I will have to check into this as UO was the game that imo really kicked off the MMORPG market.
That is where the MMO desire was kindled in me and man did i have so much fun in that realm. Never since then have I felt so in love with a game realm. I played in that game through the original and on various emulator shards for over 7 years. For something to hold me that long it really must have spoken to me.
Great memories on atlantic, great lakes, seige perillous for sure!
I miss those days when the feeling from these types of game was new!
|11th February 2013, 08:35 PM
|#5 (permalink)
I was watching this vid about the game right from the U4 site Mythic Entertainment and about 11 min and 25 seconds into the vid a bunch of what looks like GW2 activation keys appeared. Take a look and tell me that I'm wrong.
Comic-Con - Ultima Forever Stage Demo - Comic-Con 2012 - YouTube
I haven't spoken to my wife in years. I didn't want to interrupt her.Rodney Dangerfield
|12th February 2013, 06:12 AM
|#6 (permalink)
btw I saw on their FB page that they are planning on making a announcement on Wednesday about the game, maybe release date or beta announcement by the sound of it probably.
|17th February 2013, 11:30 PM
|#8 (permalink)
I loved UO so much. Maybe it is because it was the first MMO I tried - and the one that got me into the gaming scene, but I have sooo many fond memories! I came late to the game (started playing about 3 months before the Age of Shadows expansion) but loved every moment!
I am not sure how I feel about playing an MMO on my iPad. I tried playing Celtic Heroes the other night and it was just too smallish for me. Pretty graphics and was very fast but... Something was missing.
This thread makes me want to log in and see if my old accounts work!
|18th February 2013, 09:17 AM
|#10 (permalink)
|Thread Tools


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Hello guys, I really need to exports my links to a txt file to backup the most important things... impossible. it looks like I can export to a strange format (never heard that before)... but exporting inside my wordpress V3.0 is impossible.
you guys, how do you do that ?
PS : I have only privates links and lots of comments...
Thanks a lot for your help.


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Country Breakfast Casseroles
When you've got hearty eaters over for breakfast or brunch, give them the energy to get through their day with a country breakfast casserole. It's easy to make and simple to serve. Offer a country breakfast casserole at your next brunch, and you'll find it's impossible to stop guests from eating.See Popular Country Breakfast Casseroles Recipes
Waffle Breakfast CasseroleBetter Homes and Gardens
Frozen waffles form the base of this simple egg and sausage casserole.
Farmer's Casserole (for 12)Better Homes and Gardens
This classic casserole features all the breakfast favorites--hash browns, cheese, ham, and scrambled eggs.
Caramelized Onion Breakfast CasseroleBetter Homes and Gardens
This make-ahead brunch casserole is flavor-packed with fresh broccoli, gooey cheese, and sweet caramelized onions.
Egg 'n' Bacon Breakfast CasseroleBetter Homes and Gardens
Ham and Apple SkilletBetter Homes and Gardens
How easy! All your breakfast favorites--hash brown potatoes, eggs, ham, and cheese--in one pan.
Caramelized Onion Breakfast CasseroleMidwest Living
Caramelized onions pair perfectly with sourdough bread and Muenster or Swiss cheese for this savory breakfast casserole.
Broccoli, Cheddar and Ham StrataFamily Circle
Chicken Sausage Breakfast CasseroleBetter Homes and Gardens
Wake up early to put this quick prep sausage, vegetable and egg casserole into your slow cooker, then crawl back into bed. Set your alarm for two hours later and breakfast will be ready and waiting!
Spring Asparagus QuicheBetter Homes and Gardens
Asparagus, available year-round in many in grocery stores, is at its best during spring. When you find it fresh, and possibly locally grown, make the most of it in this main-dish quiche.
Make-it-Mine Egg CasseroleBetter Homes and Gardens
27 Casseroles to Get You Through the Winter
From cheesy pasta bakes to breakfast for a crowd, our favorite cold-weather casseroles will keep your family's bellies full and hearts warm.
How to Cook a Honey-Glazed Ham
Once you learn how to cook a honey-glazed ham in your own kitchen you'll find it's just as easy to make one at home as it is to make the trip to a specialty store for a pre-sliced ham with a packet of glaze. What's more, you'll find the homemade version is considerably less expensive.
Breakfast for Dinner: Waffles Go Gourmet
Sure, breakfast for dinner has always been an IHOP staple, but at your favorite five-star bistro? Waffles for dinner may sound like it's just one step above pouring yourself a p.m. bowl of Cheerios, but as the Today show reports, gourmet chefs around the country are dishing up waffles topped with everything from soft shell crab to chicken liver (yes, chicken liver) and adding the likes of beer, squash and Old Bay seasoning to the batter.
Ham it Up for Easy Holiday Recipes: Leftover Logic
Turkey is so last month. It's time to think ham, for easy, versatile recipes that will let you sail through the rest of your holiday entertaining. Start with one of these classic recipes -- for this Brown Sugar-Glazed Ham (click here for the recipe pictured here) or a sweet and smoky Baked Country Ham (click here for the recipe) -- either of which feeds a ton of people and can be served hot or at room temperature as the stunning centerpiece of a festive breakfast, late-morning brunch, or dress-up holiday dinner.
How to Make Cornbread
Cornbread connoisseurs have a long line of people to thank for making this quick bread a mainstay in American cooking. In fact, this staple of Southern and Southwestern cuisine may be one of the most truly American foods there is. Native Americans used corn, or "maize," in cooking all sorts of dishes--including cornbread--for thousands of years before colonists first set food in what we now know as the United States. Since cornbread is leavened with baking powder instead of yeast, it was easy for early settlers to master how to make cornbread even with limited resources. So, it's no wonder the dish caught on. Its unique flavor and texture have kept it a favorite over the years.
How to Make French Toast
Sometimes the simple things can seem the most indulgent. Such is the case with French toast--delectably battered and lightly fried slices of bread, dripping in maple syrup, served with a side of fresh fruit and a warm mug of coffee. It's the kind of meal that could just as well come from a fancy restaurant brunch, but can seem like even more of a treat when enjoyed in your own fuzzy slippers. Lucky for you, it's easy to learn how to make French toast.
How to Make Biscuits and Gravy
For many Southerners, learning how to make biscuits and gravy for breakfast is an essential part of growing up. While the dish is now popular all across the United States, its roots are in the American South, where biscuits and gravy are served up morning, noon, and night -- pretty much any time when one might need a "stick-to-your-ribs" meal.


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Alliance Global Said to Market Sale of $400 Million of Bonds
Alliance Global Group Inc., the Philippines-listed company with interests in food and property, plans to sell $400 million of seven-year bonds as soon as this week, according to a person familiar with the matter.
The company is marketing the notes to yield between 6.625 percent and 6.75 percent, said the person, who asked not to be identified because the details are private.
UBS AG is managing the sale for Alliance Global Group Cayman Islands Inc., Alliance said in a filing to the Philippine Stock Exchange yesterday. Money raised will be used to finance projects and pay back debt, it said, without being more specific.
Alliance Global has the equivalent of $44 million in loans outstanding, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The term loan denominated in Philippine pesos was arranged in 2008 and matures next year, the data show.
Alliance Global fell 4 percent to 6.17 pesos as of 12:09 p.m. local time, set for the steepest loss since May 5. The benchmark Philippine Stock Exchange Index declined 1.13 percent.


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Is there a way to widen the gallery area so it's not so narrow? I'd like to fit about 7 thumbnails across in the gallery section. When I fiddle with the CSS padding, it messes up padding for all the content on every page and makes it bleed onto my right widget area on the other pages. I would like to leave everything the way it is besides the gallery page alone.
I'm not super experienced in CSS.. but do I have to give it a unique ID and set custom CSS to it? How would I go about that... i would appreciate some guidance because i cant wrap my head around it
The site is: (the gallery tab)


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Item #: SEICR00953
$836.00 Free Shipping
Availability: In Stock
Earn $25.08 Smart Cash
Hostina Dining Table
At A Glance:
Just as attractive as your indoor dining table, this teak outdoor dining table offers enough size for a party of four to comfortably dine. An umbrella hole lets you set up your umbrella for those days when the weather is beautiful and the sun is directly oveDaytond.
- 100% solid teak offers elegance, durability, and resistance to the elements
- Teak will weather to an attractive silvery grey over time; it retains its brown color if treated regularly with oil
- Light brown stain
- Slatted square top
- Umbrella hole in center of table
- Supports up to 50 lbs/square ft
- Assembly required
Materials & Measurements
Materials: 100% Teakwood
Measurements: 29.50" h x 42" w x 42" d
Weight: 56 pounds
Assembly Required: Yes
Shipping & Delivery
Availability:This item ships FREE with UPS within 2-3 days of the purchase date to arrive within 5-7 days for destinations within the contiguous United States.
Product Q&A
All Parts are warrantied for 60 days from purchase.
Get answers before you buy. Call 800-260-8420 .


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Hi, i have some issues with the setup of wordpress with dyndns.
This afternoon from external network mi site didn't load any graphic.
So accordingly to this:
I have changed mi url on general settings with the full path of my dyndns account.
Now from outside the graphics works fine but on Internal Network no graphic is showned.
Can somebody help me?
Ps: If can be usefull i'm working on virtual machine with debian, LAMP server and a virtual host. I can post my conf file if needed


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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Jan 01st, 1996
Running Time: 83
Director: Jonathan Morgan
Company: Zane Entertainment
Cast: Rick Masters, Warren Scott, Lovette, Demi Willis, Kirsty Waay, Meri Dian, Emily (I), Morgan LeFay, Jake Williams, Ian Daniels, Jonathan Morgan
Critical Rating: AAA
Genre: All-Sex
Assfucking via the Internet in a stroke-worthy production, highlighted by unpretentious set-ups and female moans that are inspired as much by pleasure as they are by pain. Kirsty Waay has become a blonde, and she joins shapely Meri Dian in offering Jonathan Morgan a taste of their bouncy backsides. Anal fiends will undoubtedly be tickled by the many cheeky puckers on parade in Anal Webb.


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|Thread Tools
|This thread is privately moderated by twinster2, who may elect to delete unwanted replies.
B-17 Update: Covering the Fuselage
Well after taking the summer off, I back to finishing the Royal B-17. I am cover her in monokote in order to reduce weight. The color scheme is that of Aluminum Overcast. So far, I have finished covering the fuselage and have started putting on the tail markings. Its not perfect, monokote rarely is, but it will look good as a stand off-scale model. Below is a picture of the fuselage and the original Aluminum Overcast.


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- + Follow
Lanaé G.
Creative Director + Webmaster + Magazine Editor + Artist + ...
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Starting her design career 16 years ago, Lanaé has utilized intuitive design, multimedia and social media strategies to reach goals for Fortune 500s, startups and nonprofits. She has managed various projects for brands such as HSBC, Arrow Electronics, Sovereign Bank, Disney, Verizon, Sony, Microsoft, ShopNBC, and AT&T. Currently, Lanaé operates as a Freelance Creative Director for clients in politics, real estate and media while also running Sinuous Magazine, a multicultural exploration of art, entertainment, fashion and social issues. She oversees the publication's editorial content, design, technology, social media, marketing and ad sales.
Creative Direction for Real Estate Company
Creative Direction & Design for New York Mayor
Parallax Web Design for Members Portal


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Johns Hopkins University Integrates Linux and Mac Using Likewise Solutions
The open source company Likewise announces that Johns Hopkins University will use Likewise Enterprise for Education to integrate the university's Linux and Mac computers using Microsoft Active Directory.
Johns Hopkins University, a Baltimore-based private research university, agreed to a Likewise two-year site license. Johns Hopkins joins more than 4,000 educational institutions, including Cornell and Georgia Tech, that use Likewise to enable Linux, Unix and Mac OS X to fit into a Windows network.
"Likewise Enterprise will allow us to manage our vast campus network centrally using Active Directory," said Kyle Reynolds, IT manager at the Institute for Computational Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. "The savings we will achieve by reducing operating costs and eliminating additional hardware required by other solutions adds to the value we're getting from Likewise. After examining the alternatives available, Likewise Enterprise for Education was the clear choice."
Likewise said they are dedicated to improving the management and interoperability of Windows, Mac, Unix and Linux systems, and provide audit and authentication solutions designed to improve security, reduce operational costs and help demonstrate regulatory compliance in various mixed network environments.
Likewise offers free trial versions of its Likewise Enterprise and Likewise Open integration solutions. Likewise Enterprise solutions include: Free Authentication, Linux and Unix Server Administration, Mac and Linux Desktop Management, Compliance, Directory Consolidation and Migration, Virtualization.
Issue 26: Linux Shell Handbook 7th Ed./Special Editions
Buy this issue as a PDF
SUSE Joins the Microsoft Test Drive Program
Customers can take a free test drive of SLES for HPC on the Azure Cloud
SiFive Launches a Line of Open Source Chips
San Francisco-based chip company announces their first fully open source chip platform.
Fedora 24 Released
The whole distro gets rebuilt on glibc 2.3
Canonical Announces Cross-Distro Support for Snaps
Ubuntu Vendor tries to solve app packaging and distribution problem across distributions.
ownCloud Forked
Founder of ownCloud launches the Nextcloud project.
HP Enterprise Unveils a Futuristic Computer
Will The Machine change the way future programmers think about memory?
CoreOS Announces Distributed Storage System
The new Torus distributed storage system is available under an open source license on GitHub
Google Beats Oracle in the Android Lawsuit
Juries decides Google's use of Java APIs Was Fair Use
Linux is the Largest Software Development Project in History
But if you are not using the latest Linux kernel, your system is insecure.
Linksys Says Yes to Open Source Firmware
Home routers will give room for custom firmware but still comply with FCC rules


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Hilary Clinton Unveils Aggressive Climate Change Plan [1]
Kevin Grandia [2] | November 13, 2007
By Kevin Grandia [2] • Tuesday, November 13, 2007 - 11:13
Presidential hopeful Hilary Clinton has just released an aggressive and comprehensive plan to fight climate change and significantly curb the US addiction to foreign oil.
The plan called "Powering America's Future: Hillary Clinton's Plan to Address the Energy and Climate Crisis" proposes to:
- Reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80% from 1990 levels by 2050 – the level necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming.
- Cut foreign oil imports by two-thirds from projected levels by 2030.
- Transform our carbon-based economy into an efficient green economy, creating at least 5 million jobs from clean energy over the next decade.
Grist lays out the entire plan here. [3]
Other key aspects are a new cap-and-trade program that auctions 100% of permits alongside investments to move us on the path towards energy independence and $50 billion Strategic Energy Fund, paid for in part by oil companies, to fund investments in alternative energy.
About time we've seen a presidential candidate take the climate crisis serious.


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HourlyHours to be determined
Intermediate Level
Start DateSeptember 13, 2013
I have bought a website package for selling images. I would like to make some design changes to the website to give it a different look and feel.
Mostly involving changing colours of backgrounds and buttons etc
Also the creation of a simple holding page with a contact section for anyone who goes to the homepage before I launch the website.
Activity on this Job
Last Viewed by Client: 2 years ago
Hired: 1
About the Client
United Kingdom
Gillingham 07:17 AM
Jobs Posted
74% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
Total Spent
11 Hires, 0 Active
Avg Hourly Rate Paid
2 Hours


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, Volume 27, Issue 4, pp 397-412
First online:
Voiceprint identification and its application to sociological studies of wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata yakui)
- Masazumi MitaniAffiliated withPrimate Research Institute, Kyoto University
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
Japanese monkeys often exchange the particular vocal sound, "coo," especially when they feed or move as a group. It was considered that the "coo" sound had no positive social meaning, perhaps because the "coo" sound network and its function were hidden behind other behavioral observations. For identification of the vocalizer only from hearing the "coo" sound, three phonetic values, i.e., the "fundamental," "duration," and "formants," plus other characteristics were used as indices of voiceprints. The results indicated that these were effective for identifying the vocalizer in two-thirds of the adults in the study troop which was composed of 12 adults and 16 immature members. The "coo" sound exchange network among the troop members (adults) was drawn on the basis of the voiceprint identification. The network showed three characteristics as follows: (1) matriarchs of the kin-groups frequently exchanged "coo" sounds with each other; (2) the other females exchanged "coo" sounds mostly within their own kin-groups; and (3) males seldom participated in the "coo" sound exchange. This suggests that "coo" sound exchange plays a central role for the matriarch of kin-groups in binding each kin-group and, ultimately, in binding all members together into an organized troop.
Key WordsAcoustic communication "Coo" sound Voiceprint identification Coordination Social network Matriarch
Reference tools
- Title
- Voiceprint identification and its application to sociological studies of wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata yakui)
- Journal
Volume 27, Issue 4 , pp 397-412
- Cover Date
- 1986-10
- Print ISSN
- 0032-8332
- Online ISSN
- 1610-7365
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Acoustic communication
- "Coo" sound
- Voiceprint identification
- Coordination
- Social network
- Matriarch
- Authors
- Masazumi Mitani (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, 484, Aichi, Japan


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Let's Talk Type! from Metropolis newspaper1977
- Mark Simonson
- Metropolis Weekly Newspaper
Contributed by Mark Simonson
Staff Pick
Contribute to the Collection
Fonts in Use is a collaborative project. Create an account and submit your own work or other examples of typography.
20th Jewish Film Festival Berlin and Potsdam2014
- Edenspiekermann
Contributed by Florian Hardwig
Ebony Magazine advertisement campaign1968
- Herb Lubalin
Contributed by Herb Lubalin Study Center
Staff Pick


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Riviera Comedy ClubFri, September 13, 2013 - 8:30 PMRiviera Hotel and Casino - Riviera Comedy Club in Las Vegas, NV
We are sorry, the date for this event has already passed. This event took place on 9/13/2013. Click here to view upcoming events for Riviera Comedy Club.
Still unsure? Check out our user reviews for:
Have a question? Need help? Call us at 800.477.5285


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Student of God striving 2 be the best father to Devin,son to @FitzBeatSr, brother to @MFitzgerald and fb player I can be.Thank u fans for all your support! #FFF
Face Tags
Me, @mfitzgerald , @rkaltruluck
Me @mfitzgerald
My son has money on his mind at a young age. Lol
Muhammad Ali, Magic, AP, and I
Magic Johnson, AP, and I at the Gala Sunday.
On stage
Me & AP at the "So the World May Hear" awards gala over the weekend
Getting makeup before filming
Me and agent @plawrence360 everyone please follow him
Me and agent @plawrence360 from @maximumsports before the @acsnews photo shoot today
In Atlanta getting makeup 4 a commercial shoot 4 the American Cancer Society and the NFL's crucial catch campaign
Me and Hines had both had of our sons down at Disney World about a month ago
My guide Tashi Tenzing is the grandson of Tenzing Norgay Sherpa who along with Edmund Hillary were the 1st men to climb to the summit of Mt. Everest in 1953.Tashi has been to the summit 4 times, his father also reached the summit making his family the 1st to have 3 generations to make it there.
Got a chance to see Mt. Everest standing on a helicopter tower in the Himalayan Mountains 15,000 Ft. above sea level
These kids have been extremely grateful during my trip to India
Fitting kids with hearing aids
This Nun was the Head of Compound.Very nice lady
Praying at the tomb of Mother Teresa.She lived & worked in the same place.It's called "Mothers House" in Kolkata, India.
©2016 Twitpic Inc, All Rights Reserved


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United prepare huge Bale bid: United are set to make a massive £60 million bid for Tottenham ace Gareth Bale, according to the Daily Mirror. The paper reports this deal is one of the reasons why United's vice chairman Ed Woodward is returning early from their pre-season tour of the Far East and Australia and that a deal for the Welshman would soften the blow of Rooney's exit.
Paper Round's view: It might sound like a flight of fancy, but United's transfer dealings this week have been so frenetic that nothing could be ruled out. Tottenham are desperate not to sell to a Premier League rival, and it has appeared for the last couple of weeks that Real Madrid have given up their move for the winger. If United's interest is genuine, it could mean that the Spanish giants resuscitate their own plans.
- - -
Arsenal to go head-to-head with Chelsea for Rooney: The Guardian reports that Arsenal are set to give Chelsea a run for their money over the signing of wantaway Manchester United striker Wayne Rooney. Gunners boss Arsene Wenger has said his club can also afford the England international's £250,000 wages, the paper says, and the fight over him will not necessarily be a one-horse race. Meanwhile The Independent is one of several papers with coverage of the 'war' that Chelsea and United have engaged in over Rooney, with the former club accusing the latter of leaking details - which they got wrong anyway - about their bid for the player.
Paper Round's view: Despite his recent downturn in form, it does seem slightly absurd that only one club would be prepared to take a punt on Rooney, who still has plenty to give. Arsenal apparently have the cash and with deals over Gonzalo Higuain and Luis Suarez stalling, they still need a striker. Why not have a go? Whether Rooney would agree a move to the Emirates remains to be seen though.
- - -
Napoli enter Higuain race: Arsenal's efforts to close a deal for Real Madrid's Gonzalo Higuain have hit a further snag with The Sun reporting that Serie A side Napoli are in negotiations to sign the Argentine striker. Napoli are cash rich following the 64.5million euro sale of Edinson Cavani and the club president Aurelio De Laurentiis has confirmed their interest in Higuain, along with Tottenham target Leandro Damiao.
Paper Round: Arsenal better start sealing a few deals or their summer of promise could end up with a rather hollow feeling about it.
- - -
Arsenal take pole position on Suarez: Here we go, some more positive dealings from Arsenal, according to the Daily Mirror, with the Gunners ready to test Liverpool's £40m contract clause for Luis Suarez. The paper says a bid of that size will put Arsenal in pole position as fellow suitors Real Madrid have insisted they will not pay over £25m for the striker - and the Anfield club will have to inform Suarez of the offer.
Paper Round's view: There is an argument that Arsenal are chasing too many options - Suarez, Higuain and now Rooney - rather than focusing on one and getting a deal done. However, the coming week promises to see things begin to move.
- - -
Meireles attracting Sunderland attention: Former Chelsea and Liverpool midfielder Raul Meireles has become a target for Sunderland, according to the Daily Mail. The Portuguese, who the paper claims is unsettled at Fenerbahce, is also on Fulham's radar.
Paper Round's view: Paolo Di Canio has already proved he is intent on stamping his own mark on his new squad and Meireles would be a decent addition. And with Fener banned from European competition, Meireles wouldn't be missing out on that front at the Stadium of Light.
- - -
- Soccer
- Sports & Recreation
- Wayne Rooney
- Gonzalo Higuain
- Luis Suarez
- Real Madrid
- Gareth Bale


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The Ohio State University
Creating the Extraordinary Student Experience : Office of Student Life
Since 2004, Buck-I-SERV participants have completed over 151,930 hours of community service! That totals more than 17 years 3 months and 29 days!
Apply for one of our many Habitat for Humanity trips! Your service will make a difference by providing stable and affordable housing to families living in poverty.
Apply for one of our several international trips! Buck-I-SERV sends a trip to Guatemala in the Winter, Spring and Summer. Participants will work with local families and masons to construct a home for a family in need. Brush up on your Spanish skills and be ready to work hard on this trip!
Follow us on Twitter @BuckISERV and our NEW Instagram account @BuckISERV and use the hashtags #buckiserv! Keep checking our accounts to see updates and pictures from our previous Buck-I-SERV trips.
Travel on one of our 90 trips planned this year to various cities and regions across the country and the world!
Learn about various service experiences, the importance of social justice and civic
engagement, and reflection activities to enhance your experience.
Serve within various social issues, such as animal rights, health and wellness, homelessness, hunger and poverty.
No events are currently available.
© The Ohio State University – Office of Student Life
3034 Ohio Union, 1739 N. High Street, Columbus, OH 43210
Phone: 614-292-7378 | firstname.lastname@example.com
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Join Founder and Chief Sole Provider, Dustin Sandoval for Feet That Move's second annual Coffee & Carols. Each year Feet That Move takes the time to celebrate all God has done and looks ahead to the next year of ministry. You dont want to miss some exciting announcements for 2016.
This evening will help support Founder, Dustin Sandoval to become a full-time missionary with Feet That Move. Dustin will be inviting each person to join him as he serves the nations by giving shoes in Mexico, Haiti and Uganda. Join many others to help get Dustin full-time with Feet That Move.
There will be live music by " Mountain Natives" and specality coffee and dessert. Santa Claus might even make an appearance… We hope to see you there!!!


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Hi there
I have a post that was published some days ago. At that time the "meta robots follow" option was set to no follow. Today we updated the post's published date, and wanted to change the option to follow (because we now want the page public for all to see).
When I save the change however, and go back to the screen its still set to nofollow. I tried saving the post as draft then republishing, but no luck. I've tried changing this value many times with no luck.
When I look at the front-end the meta markup is as expected; "index,nofollow".
I'm using plugin version 1.4.23.


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NO. And why would you?! Your website is your website, and your fan page is just that, your fan page. Fanpage Connect formats individual pages for your fan page tab.
I have built a separate mini-site version of my site using a multisite install of WordPress and the mini-site is on a subdirectory install.
I want to include a special fan-only content area in a widget above the header that would display across the mini-site. Would you have any tips on how to do this?


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Overview (4)
|Date of Birth
|6 June 1983, Los Angeles, California, USA
|Birth Name
|Michael Kenneth Dillon
|Mike D.
|5' 9" (1.75 m)
Mini Bio (1)
Michael Kenneth Dillon was born in Los Angeles, California. At age 8, Michael and his family moved to Poway, an inland town north east of San Diego, California. After graduating from Poway High School, he attended University of California, Santa Cruz, majoring in Film and Digital Media, with a minor in Japanese history.
Graduating from college in the summer of 2005, Michael returned to LA to begin working in feature film post production. He begin his career at EFilm in January 2006. In October 2012, Michael joined Technicolor's Creative Services division as a Sr. DI Producer.
His sister, Lindsey Dillon, is a PHD graduate from Berkeley's Dept. of Geography.
- IMDb Mini Biography By: Michael Dillon