text:
Definition of housey in English:
adjectiveBritish informal
In the style of house music.
Example sentences
- The most immediate pleasure comes from the more housey tracks.
- Ronu plays pure Indian classical flute over a housey club track.
- Things get a bit harder-sounding around the middle section and it seems George is slightly less in his element here, but things get back on track in a mellow housey way toward the end.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: house·y
Definition of housey in:
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= trending


text:
Young Photographers by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : Roofline detail
Lester Barrows - A little bird told me to push the shutter
+Keith Cuddeback-Bandshell Columns
Lester Barrows - A touch of color
It's amost like looking through a window :)
by +Steve Kanefsky
+Mike Clouse...just in time for Halloween...:)
+Mike Clouse...little Lanie our youngest participant!
+Phuong-Thu Nguyen - Red
+Phuong-Thu Nguyen - Model and the observer
+Alex on G+: "Say cheese!" (Little Lanie with her new found friend.)
+Joanne Berry: Museum Colors
+Lisa Ellis in her element by +Rohith Thumati
+Cliff Kemper - Vegetarian
+Phuong-Thu Nguyen - Lonesome Waterlilly
+Ryan C. Anderson -- Hidden Gem
+Ryan C. Anderson
+Paul Adolph: crane island
+Swee Oh
+Charles Benedict: De Young Tower
+Doug Berry Tea Garden
+Darren: SLURP!!
+Darren: Twinkle Toes
+Darren: Fall Color
+Darren: Busy Bee
+Darren: Bamboo
+Darren: Grraawwwrrr!!!
+Darren: Thanks Trish and Catherine!
+Darren: Let's talk reflectors and lighting
+Darren: the magic hour
+Eric James Leffler
Reflected Light by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : Just barely managed to catch a little sun peeking through the trees
+Keith Cuddeback- Where The Red Tree Grows
Lester Barrows - Irassyaimase!
+Keith Cuddeback-*Bling Boots*
Photowalker in Training
by +Steve Kanefsky
+Phuong-Thu Nguyen - Branches
+Alex on G+: Bamboo waterfall pond
+Joanne Berry: Balance
+Joanne Berry: Closed!
+Cliff Kemper - I See a Worm!
+Paul Adolph: color stream
+Swee Oh Contrast
+Charles Benedict: Tea Garden
model behaviour: Trish by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : Meditation Garden
Lester Barrows - Escape
+Phuong-Thu Nguyen - Fear Not
+Alex on G+: Drum Bridge
+Joanne Berry: Beautiful Trash
+Cliff Kemper - Gnarls
+Paul Adolph
+Charles Benedict: Tree Canopy
Winning Smile: Trish by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : DeYoung bumps
Lester Barrows - The Light
+Keith Cuddeback-Guarding The DeYoung Museum
+Phuong-Thu Nguyen - Happiness
+Alex on G+: Drum Bridge, named because it looks like someone cut a drum in half.
+Joanne Berry: Big Impressions
+Joanne Berry: Bridge Over
+Cliff Kemper - Bamboo Plastic
+Paul Adolph: safety
+Charles Benedict: Bridge Over Calm Water
+Doug Berry-Tea Garden reflection
I'm trying to master that blurry background/keep the subject in focus technique. If I keep practicing, I'll get there eventually. This is a lot closer than usual. by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : de Young front wall
Are we done yet? by +Steve Kanefsky
+Phuong-Thu Nguyen - De Young at night with my naked eyes
+Alex on G+: "The greatest achievement is selflessness."
+Joanne Berry: Looking in
+Cliff Kemper - Panels
+frederic schmidt
+Paul Adolph: cheese grater
Serene... by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : Askew
+Keith Cuddeback-Japanese Pagoda
Adorable... the kids are cute too :)
by +Steve Kanefsky
+Phuong-Thu Nguyen - Path to Zen
+Joanne Berry: Serenity
+Cliff Kemper - Veins
+Karaminder Ghuman: Catherine & Kids
I find the Japanese tea Garden so hard to photograph because it's just green, green, green. I was so desperate to find some other colour. I got the blues... by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : Unfurling
+Keith Cuddeback-Soft Mossy Place to Meditate
Man vs Nature
by +Steve Kanefsky
+Joanne Berry: Tootsies
+Cliff Kemper - Help Available
+Doug Berry-Museum HDR
Oh Deer! by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : Unfurling 2
+Keith Cuddeback-Japanese Tea Garden Gate Detail
Pub Pano
by +Steve Kanefsky
+Cliff Kemper - Culture
+Karaminder Ghuman: Branches & Branches
On this shot I was testing out Catherine & Ryan's suggestion of placing a subject next to a tree in a diffuse lighting situation to create more contrast. Next time must choose a wider tree to avoid spill on the back of the neck! by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis : Blossom
+Keith Cuddeback-TREE tree
Surrealistic Pagoda
by +Steve Kanefsky
+Cliff Kemper - Knot Hole
+Karaminder Ghuman: Buddha Looks Over You
Squirrel by +Sam Breach
+Lisa Ellis
+Keith Cuddeback-Hoops? Jump These!
+Cliff Kemper - Picasso
+Cliff Kemper - Attentive
+Karaminder Ghuman: Donated Japanese Bath.
+Karaminder Ghuman: Locked
+Karaminder Ghuman: Pink

subset: commoncrawl


text:
News about reggae music, artists, culture and more...
While Jamaican new roots artists album releases were numerous these last years, Jamaican productions have been rarest in 2007. That's why the upcoming album of Luciano -due to 14th January 2008 on VP records- is a great news !
Entitled Jah Is My Navigator, this new set features 15 tracks including a duet with Andrew Tosh on I'm The Toughest.
Mr Money Man Riddim
By Angus Taylor
New Albums from Etana and Protoje
By Erik Magni
Paint Jamaica
By Erik Magni
Stephen Marley - Revelation Part II: The Fruit Of Life
By Erik Magni
Positive Vibration Festival 2016
By Erik Magni
Ernest Ranglin Retires from Live Performance
By Angus Taylor
Reggae, Dubs and Dabs
By Erik Magni
Tonight by Isha Blender
By Erik Magni
© 2007-2016 United Reggae. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited. Read about copyright
Terms of use | About us | Contact us | Authors | Newsletter | A-Z


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Life San Francisco Gets Pot-Friendlier
Local pot activist and Slog tipster Dominic Holden alerted us to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors' consideration of a city ordinance much like Seattle's blessed I-75, which would make the majority of San Francisco's marijuana violations "the lowest law enforcement priority" for city police.
According to the SF Chronicle:
"[Supervisor Tom Ammiano's] nonbinding ordinance directs police to essentially ignore all marijuana crimes except those involving minors, driving under the influence of the drug or the sale of marijuana in a public place….If passed, the ordinance would commit the city to refusing federal funds intended for the investigation or prosecution of marijuana offenses. It also would prevent a federal agency from commissioning or deputizing a city police officer for assistance in such cases."
Full story here.


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Match Report
16:14 7th May 2016
A Winning End
Wolves 2 (Turner-og 7, Saville 34)
Sheffield Wednesday 1 (McGugan 90-pen)
It was against a depleted Sheffield Wednesday side and ultimately it counted for nothing, but Kenny Jackett's men finished the season on a high with a narrow victory over the Yorkshire club.
There were two changes to the Wolves line-up with Kortney Hause and Jack Price coming in for Sylvain Deslandes and Dave Edwards who were both named as substitutes.
Wednesday, on the other hand, their place in the play-offs already assured, made ten changes from their last game. They included Jeremy Helan who recently enjoyed eight games on loan to Wolves the last of which was last month at Leeds.
The visitors kicked-off attacking the South Bank end on a sun kissed Molineux afternoon and with 5,000 Wednesday supporters adding their voice to the formidable efforts of the home crowd, there was a vibrant atmosphere inside the ground.
Jed Wallace collected a through ball from Matt Doherty and had the ball in the Wednesday net after just six minutes but the offside flag had been raised.
But just a minute later Owls keeper Joe Wildtree was beaten again and this time it did count. Doherty fired over a short low cross and Michael Turner diverted the ball into his own net at the near post as he attempted to clear.
There was a chance of an equaliser when Wednesday were awarded a free-kick inside the 'D' and it looked ominous as Lewis McGugan drilled a low effort through the wall but Carl Ikeme, who would have been unsighted until the last second, pulled off a tremendous save.
Wolves were soon back on the attack and Wildsmith just beat Dominic Iorfa to James Henry's threaded through ball.
Wildsmith punched a Price free-kick behind for an unproductive corner whilst, at the other end, an Aiden McGeady shot took a massive deflection off Hause and drifted wide of the post with Ikeme a helpless spectator.
Danny Batth headed wide from a Price corner and from the midfielder's next flag-kick the ball was headed out to George Saville whose shot crashed against the inside of the post before bouncing across the face of goal and being cleared.
But Saville wasn't to be denied and in Wolves' next attack, in the 34th minute, he converted from eight-yards after Doherty had again acted as creator running in along the by-line and pulling the ball back.
Half-Time: Wolves 2 Owls 0
Adam Le Fondre was an interval replacement for illness victim Wallace. Three minutes into the new half, Atdhe Nuhiu missed a good chance for Wednesday when he headed over following a lofted cross from McGugan.
Ikeme then saved bravely at the feet of Helan who had sprinted deep into the home area before he was thwarted by the keeper.
McGugan pulled back Iorfa to the right of the Wednesday box. Price hoisted over the free-kick which fell to Doherty on the far side. He returned the ball into the heart of the six-yard box but no-one could get a touch and it drifted harmlessly out of play.
Hause headed wide from a Saville corner and, when Wednesday threatened, Batth got in a tremendous block when McGeady hit a goalbound effort from just outside the box.
Edwards replaced Joe Mason with a quarter of an hour remaining and, after Price hit a first time shot well wide from Henry's square pass, the visitors lost the services of Nuhiu who limped off with Jack Stobbs taking his place.
With the game in the 90th minute, Wednesday pulled one back from the spot after Doherty was adjudged to have handled. McGugan sent Ikeme the wrong way with the penalty.
The Owls pushed hard in the three minutes of added time and Ikeme made a smart save to keep out a close range attempt from Vincent Sasso. But Wanderers held on for the three points.
Wolves: Ikeme, Doherty, Hause, Coady, Batth (capt), Iorfa, Henry, J. Price, Mason (Edwards 76), Saville, Wallace (Le Fondre 45).
Unused subs: Martinez, Hunte, Deslandes, Byrne, Enobakhare.
Owls: Wildsmith, Palmer, Turner, Semedo, Matias, Nuhiu (Stobbs 79), McGugan, Helan, Joao, Sasso, McGeady.
Unused subs: L. Price, Loovens, Hooper, Lopez, Hunt, Bannan.
Referee: D. Bond.
Attendance: 25,488.
LIVE MATCHDAY BLOG | Wolves V Sheff Wed
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07 May 2016
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LIVE MATCHDAY BLOG | Leeds V Wolves
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19 Apr 2016
LIVE MATCHDAY BLOG | Hull V Wolves
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15 Apr 2016
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Lingo is a band with their own musical language, as their name would indicate. There are familiar elements, for sure. But their melodic song writing, mixed with ripping guitar solos, old school funk groove and fusion jazz, soulful vocals and thoughtful lyrics, results in a sound unlike anything else out there. You can tell Lingo has something new to say.
The band recently released their first collection of new music since 2010, a six track EP, titled "Rearrange." Since their last release, Lingo has shared the stage with Jimmy Herring Band, Perpetual Groove, Tea Leaf Green, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Marco Benevento, Kofi Burbridge, and Dr. Roosevelt Collier.
Lingo is Justin Tramble (lead vox, acoustic guitar), Daniel Groover (electric guitar), Tony Giordano (vox, keyboards), Greg Perry (drums), Alex Tramble (bass)


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Index of content:
Volume 34, Issue 6, June 2007
- Therapy Scientific Session: Room M100F
- IMRT: Commercial Systems and Clinical Applications
WE‐C‐M100F‐01: Risk of Secondary Fatal Malignancies From Hi‐Art Tomotherapy IMRT34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761519View Description Hide Description
Purpose: This work compares out‐of‐field secondary doses and associated risk of a fatal secondary malignancy from a Hi‐Art Tomotherapy machine and a conventional gantry based accelerator for an adult IMRT prostate and a pediatric cranio‐spinal treatment.Method and Materials: A conventional 3D and tomotherapy IMRT cranio‐spinal treatment plan were developed to deliver the same prescription to a pediatric anthropomorphic Rando phantom using a Philips Pinnacle and Hi‐Art Tomotherapy planning system, respectively. Similarly, an adult IMRT prostate treatment plan, using the Pinnacle and tomotherapy planning systems was developed to deliver the same prescription with the same constraints to an adult Rando phantom. The target and organs at risk (OAR) were contoured. TLD were located within each of the OARs selected. Each phantom was irradiated three times per plan. The out‐of‐field organTLDdoses for the gantry based delivery and tomotherapy treatments were compared. For each organ site, an average dose was determined and organ weighted linear non‐threshold dose response model risk factors were used to estimate the risk of a secondary fatal malignancy for each treatment.Results:Doses calculated from the adult TLD data were lower for all organs when treated with the Tomotherapy plan and the overall risk was lower. The pediatric TLDdose findings were mixed between the 3D and tomotherapy treatment, however because of the higher integral dose with the Tomotherapy, the overall risk is higher for the Tomotherapy treatment.Conclusion: The risk of a secondary fatal cancer was lower for the Hi‐Art Tomotherapy adult prostate treatment than the gantry based IMRTtreatment due to due to the lower integral out‐of‐field secondary radiation doses. The risk for the pediatric case appears higher for the Hi‐Art Tomotherapy treatment than the 3D conformal cranio‐spinal treatment. Work supported by PHS grant CA10953 awarded by NCI.
WE‐C‐M100F‐02: Simultaneous Irradiation of Prone Breast and Regional Lymph Nodes Using Helical Tomotherapy34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761520View Description Hide Description
Purpose: We investigate the capability of helical tomotherapy to simultaneously irradiate the involved breast and regional lymph‐node groups for breast‐cancer patients simulated in prone position. Method and Materials: We generated helical tomotherapy treatment plans for ten patients (five left breast, five right), each simulated with the involved breast suspended downward. Our target structures were the ipsilateral breast and the supraclavicular, axillary, and internal mammary chain nodes. Each target was to receive 45 Gy ± 5%. The region‐at‐risk (RAR) structures considered were the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs, contralateral breast, heart, spinal cord, esophagus, and thyroid. Results: The requirement for V45 ⩾ 95% was met for all target structures. The minimum point dose objective of 42.8 Gy was achieved for all lymph‐node structures, but for the ipsilateral breast the minimum dose on average was slightly less. The maximum point dose objective of 47.3 Gy was not achieved for any target structure; on average, it was 49.5 Gy. Among the RAR structures, contralateral breast V5 was kept below 2%. For left‐breast patients, the DVH goals for the heart were met; however, for right‐breast patients, although the aim was for the heart to receive zero dose, V10 was typically 0.4%. The other RAR DVH objectives that were not met were those for the ipsilateral lung V5 (the goal was 60% or less; 67% was achieved on average) and the esophagus V5 (the goal was 30% or less; the average was 41%). Conclusions: Helical tomotherapy can simultaneously cover the breast and regional lymph nodes with uniformity comparable to that achieved conventionally. The high ipsilateral‐lung V5 may be the primary limitation for clinical application, since there are reports that respiratory complications may correlate with the volume of lung irradiated to relatively low doses. All other RAR doses can be kept to clinically acceptable levels.
WE‐C‐M100F‐03: Underestimation Of Low‐Dose Radiation in Conventional Treatment Planning of Intensity‐Modulated Radiation Therapy34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761521View Description Hide Description
Purpose: In radiation therapy of thoracic cancers (e.g. lungcancers), a high volume of low‐dose radiation may lead to severe and fatal pulmonary complications. The purpose of this work is to investigate dosimetric accuracy in low‐dose regions from commercial treatment planning systems (TPS) and consequent clinical implications for using IMRT in treatinglung and thoracic cancers.Methods and Materials: We retrospectively reviewed thoracic‐cancer patients treated with IMRT at our institution and for whom high‐grade lung complications occurred. These IMRT plans were evaluated and were recomputed using a Monte‐Carlo‐based (MC)treatment planning system (TPS) that explicitly accounts for modeling of the machine head and MLCs.Dose calculations from 2 commercial TPSs (Pinnacle and Corvus systems) were compared with those obtained from the MC system and measurements. Various factors that could contribute to the difference in IMRTdose calculations were analyzed, including tissue heterogeneity effect, MLCmodeling, and beam modeling.Results: Significant dosimetric errors (∼25%) were found in the low‐dose regions below 5 Gy in the commercial TPSs. Accuracy of dose calculations in the high‐dose tumor regions was acceptable (< 5%). In regions < 5 Gy of IMRT plans, MLC transmission, leakage, and scattering were found to be important contributors to the dose. These factors were also spatially variant and field‐size dependent. Without explicit modeling of the MLCs, severe underestimation of the low‐dose volume could occur in commercial TPS. The degree of low‐dose error was particularly greater in IMRT plans with larger target volumes and higher degrees of beam modulation. Conclusions:Treatment planners should be aware of potentially significant underestimation of low doses in IMRTtreatment plans for thoracic and other cancer sites. More accurate modeling of MLCs and low‐dose calculation may be achieved by using a Monte‐Carlo‐based planning system.
WE‐C‐M100F‐04: Electron Density Mapping for MRI‐Based Treatment Planning34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761523View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To develop an accurate MRI‐based treatment planning method by assigning MR images the desired electron density information through the use of diagnostic CT and a deformable registration model. Method: MR and CTimages are registered using deformable or rigid registration method depending on the disease site or the patient positioning when acquiring the CT data. Based on the voxel‐to‐voxel correspondence established by the registration, the electron density distribution of the CTimages (this can be a diagnostic CT with patient positioned arbitrarily) is mapped onto the MRI and plan is computed based on the modified MR images, which take advantage of the useful features of CT and simulation MRI. To evaluate the accuracy of the MRI‐based dose calculation, six clinical cases, including three brain and three head‐and‐neck cases are studied. For each case, three IMRT plans are computed with the same beam configuration but different image basis: CT,MRI with mapped electron density, and MRI with voxel values replaced by that of water. The dose distributions from the three types of calculations are compared. Results: In all cases, the MRI with mapped electron density yielded very close dose values as compared with the CT‐based calculation. The maximum discrepancy between the two is found to be less than 2.0% in the high dose region. Compared to the MRI with mapped CT electron density, MRI with uniform water voxel value yielded quite different dose distributions in all regions, and the dose discrepancy can be as large as 3–5% for both brain and H&N cases. Conclusion: The MR images with mapped CT electron density yield very similar treatment plan compared with the CT‐based calculations. The approach has potential to eliminate simulation CT by planning a patient treatment with only simulation MRI and diagnostic CT data.
WE‐C‐M100F‐05: Methodology and Guidelines in Treatment Planning of IMRT for Lung Cancers34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761524View Description Hide Description
Purposes: To review the current clinical outcome of lungcancer patients treated with IMRT; to develop a treatment planning methodology and guideline for using IMRT in treatinglungcancers.Methods:Lungcancer patients treated with IMRT were reviewed with respect to clinical outcome and treatment plans used. Major toxicity including radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis were analyzed. In the process of IMRT inverse planning, methodologies of selecting appropriate beam angles and planning objectives were developed to limit the spread of beam angles and low‐dose radiation in protecting normal lung and other critical structures. Important IMRT planning parameters and their guidelines were derived, e.g. on the number of beams, beam angles, degree of intensity modulation, and DVH constraints for normal tissues.Results: We reviewed 68 locally advanced lungcancer cases treated with IMRT and with adequate clinical followup time. The rate of grade ⩾ 3 TRP at 12 months was reduced to 8% in IMRT patients in contrast to 32% in 3D‐CRT patients treated historically, despite larger GTV sizes in the IMRT cohort. Mean lungdose and the volume of low‐dose radiation to healthy lung may be important factors affecting the risk of radiation pneumonitis. In achieving quality IMRT plans, 6 beams were used in average, with the optimal beam angles being most frequently along the anterior‐posterior direction of the thorax; the number of MLC segments per beam was confined to be less than 15 with the total MU per fraction approximately 3 times of the prescribed tumordose. Conclusions: With proper considerations given to treatment planning methodology and other technical issues involved, IMRT may be an effective and safe modality in radiation therapy of locally advanced lungcancers.
WE‐C‐M100F‐06: Dosimetric Comparison of High‐Z Inhomogeneity in IMRT: A Collaborative Study34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761525View Description Hide Description
With increased longevity, more prostate cancer patients with hip prosthesis are anticipated. Prosthetic devices have high atomic numbers (Z) and produce dose perturbation that is dependent on Z, beam energy, and depth. TG‐63 provided recommendations for high‐Z prosthetic devices in 3D conformal therapy. In IMRT, the dosimetric implication of the high‐Z prosthesis remains uncertain which is investigated in this collaborative study with 10 different treatment planning systems (TPS). Planning target volume (PTV), and the organs at risk (OAR) namely, the bladder, the rectum and a bilateral titanium hip‐prosthesis were contoured on a CT data set of a patient and sent to each collaborator with proper guidelines for beam arrangements, energy and dose volume constraints for planning. Due to significant streaking artifacts in the CT data, users were encouraged to use their own method to correct for redistribution of CT numbers, and assign the appropriate electron densities. Since dose perturbation is significant for low energy and less sensitive with multiple fields, equally distributed 7‐fields were planned. Beam energy was also studied for comparison. One common constraint, 95% PTV must receive at least 95% of dose was strictly followed by each planner. A variety of dose algorithms were used in different TPS, such as pencil beam, superposition, and convolution. Although the results of some planning systems are closer to each other, in general, there is a wide variation in dose distribution in PTV and the OARs, as well as the minimum, the maximum and the median doses which are commonly used in plan evaluation. The variation in MU and the number of segments also vary significantly. High energy beam provided slightly better but not significant dose distribution. Ranking of TPS cannot be established based on a single clinical case. A well‐controlled phantom study is planned to validate the merit of each TPS.
WE‐C‐M100F‐07: The Treatment of Bilateral Orbital Lymphoma with Solid Modulator IMRT34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761527View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To determine the feasibility of solid modulatorIMRT (SM‐IMRT) for a patient with bilateral orbital lymphoma and to compare this technique with historically used methods. Method and Materials: After immobilization and CT simulation, a CTV was contoured consisting of the entire orbital volume minus the globes. A 3 mm margin was added to generate a PTV. A dose of 34 Gy in 2 Gy fractions was prescribed to the PTV. Dose constraints were placed on the lacrimal glands, lenses, optic chiasm, and pituitary. Treatment plans were constructed for SM‐IMRT, wedged pair fields, and en face photon fields. Due to acute symptoms, treatment commenced with en face photons while planning continued. A fourth plan consisting of mixed SM‐IMRT/en face photons was constructed. Results: Acceptable target coverage was obtained with all four plans. The SM‐IMRT plan offered significant sparing to the lenses, optic chiasm, and pituitary. The mixed SM‐IMRT/en face photon plan (13 of 17 fractions IMRT) also offered significant sparing, though not at the level of the pure SM‐IMRT plan. The maximum dose objective of 30 Gy for the lacrimal glands was almost met with the SM‐IMRT plan (10% over 30 Gy). The wedged pair plan produced the most homogeneous target dose, though only because there was no attempt to sculpt dose to avoid critical structures as with SM‐IMRT. SM‐IMRT was chosen for further patient treatment.Quality assurance tests on the modulators showed excellent agreement between planning system calculations and measured dose, validating the data transfer and modulatormilling process. Conclusion: SM‐IMRT is a feasible treatment modality for bilateral orbital lymphoma. The technique offers the ability to spare critical structures that is impossible with traditional techniques. Dose can be modeled accurately for the solid modulators. A drawback of this or any IMRT technique is the longer treatment plan preparation time.
WE‐C‐M100F‐08: Use of Adaptive Filtering and Relative Intensity Limits in Deliverable IMRT Optimization to Improve Delivery Efficiency34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761528View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To investigate the effect of adaptive filtering, relative intensity limits, and fluence matrix resolution in deliverable IMRT optimization on MU efficiency and plan quality for dynamic MLC delivery. Method and Materials: An adaptive filtering method that filters the optimized intensities as needed in combination with different relative intensity limits were used to reduce MUs needed to deliver the beams. The adaptive filtering parameters were adjusted so that it achieved the optimal results. A deliverable‐based optimization that incorporates beam‐delivery constraints directly into the IMRT optimization process was used. H&N and prostate cases were used to evaluate the quality and complexity of each plan. Each case was optimized with and without adaptive filtering and in combination with a series of relative intensity limits for fluence matrix resolution of 1.5 mm to 6 mm. The IMRT plans were evaluated in terms of dose‐volume statistics , MUs, and the complexity of fluence matrix resolution. Results: Up to 47.5% reductions in MUs were achieved using adaptive filtering in combination with relative intensity limits. When the adaptive filtering is on, the use of a relative intensity limit of 1.5 further reduced the total MUs by 6.3% and 15.9% for a fluence matrix resolution of 3‐ and 6mm respectively. Adaptive filtering in combination with relative intensity limits was able to reduce the total MUs without significantly changing the prostate and nodal PTV coverages. The changes in critical structure doses were negligible. The similar results have been obtained for the H&N case included in the study. Conclusion: The adaptive filtering was able to significantly reduce total MUs without compromising the plan quality for deliverable IMRT optimization process. The use of relative intensity limits in combination with adaptive filtering did not have a significant effect on MU efficiency as compared to the use of adaptive filtering alone.
WE‐C‐M100F‐09: Dosimetric Comparison of Linac‐IMRT and Helical Tomotherapy (HT) for Head and Neck Cancer34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761529View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To perform a dosimetric comparison between Linac and Helical Tomotherapy‐based IMRT on head and neck (H&N) patients treated similarly and to evaluate any potential clinical consequences of dosimetric differences. Method and Materials: This is a retrospective study of 23 H&N cancer patients treated on HT. All patients were planned both on the HT and the Pinnacle planning system. The prescribed dose was 66 Gy at 2.2 Gy per fraction to the PTV. The dosimetric parameters used for comparison were: R95 = the ratio of the average dose to 95% of the PTV to the prescribed dose; Rc = the ratio of the PTV coverage to PTV volume, where the former was defined as the volume enclosed by the 66 Gy isodose surface; Biologically equivalent doses (BED) to organs at risk (OAR) and PTV dose homogeneity were also studied. The tolerance range or TR (standard deviation/PTV average dose) was used as a surrogate for PTV dose homogeneity evaluation. Results: R95 results indicated that both IMRT techniques produced comparable conformal plans. Rc values showed that HT plans generally provided better tumor coverage. TR results suggest that PTV dose homogeneity was better for HT plans. Finally, the average OAR BEDs showed a trend of better normal tissue sparing with the HT plans. The exception was for the spinal cord, in which the maximum BED using HT was slightly lower than the maximum BED using linac‐IMRT. Conclusion: This study suggests that HT plans had in general better dosimetric characteristics, especially regarding tumor coverage, PTV dose homogeneity and normal tissue sparing in physician approved plans. Dose reductions to OAR may not yield any clinical differences in outcome in virtue of the delivered OAR doses which are well below normal tissue tolerance.
WE‐C‐M100F‐10: Evaluation of the Beam Segmentation Algorithm in the KonRad IMRT Treatment Planning System34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761530View Description Hide Description
Purpose: Reducing the treatment time for IMRT patients is highly desirable. For step‐and‐shoot IMRT plans, the delivery time of a treatment fraction is determined by the number of beam segments, and to a lesser extent by the total number of monitor units (MUs). The objective of this work was to study the segmentation efficiency of the new clinical Siemens KonRad inverse treatment planning system (TPS) and compare it to the CMS XiO TPS. Method and Materials: For head and neck, liver and prostate cancer patients, step‐and‐shoot IMRT plans were designed using both CMS XiO and Siemens KonRad. Number, direction and energy of beams were the same in both systems. The plans were optimized to achieve the same clinical objectives concerning dose to the target volume and to the relevant organs‐at‐risk. The number of intensity levels were minimized until the clinical objectives could not be achieved anymore. DVHs, EUD, mean‐ and maximum‐doses were compared, as well as the number of beam segments and MUs. Finally the beams of each plan were delivered individually on a MapCheck device to verify the agreement between calculations and measurements to be less than 3%–3 mm distance‐to‐agreement. Results: Plans optimized with KonRad resulted in fewer segments and lower number of MUs and therefore reduced delivery time, while achieving similar dose distributions. CMS XiO plans exhibited a slightly steeper dose fall‐off outside the target volumes, however the difference was not clinically significant. DVHs to organs‐at‐risk were comparable. All calculated dose distributions passed the 3%–3 mm dose verification check. Conclusion: Both commercial systems produce clinical similar plans. The sequencer of the KonRad system is more efficient, reducing the number of beam segments and therefore delivery time on average by more than 20%.
TU‐D‐M100F‐01: A Novel Quality Assurance Monitor for Real‐Time Verification of IMRT and IGART34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761389View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To develop an independent treatment verification method which can validate radiation field delivery in real‐time throughout the treatment course. The system is designed to capture common treatmentdelivery errors, and is intended to eliminate the need for pre‐treatment dosimetricquality assurance of intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) and enable the implementation of image guided adaptive radiation therapy.Method and Materials: A monitoring system, termed Integral Quality Monitor (IQM), has been developed that utilizes an area integrated energy fluence monitoring sensor (AIMS) positioned after the final beam shaping device (i.e. multileaf collimator(MLC)) and a signal prediction algorithm, IQM_Calc. The AIMS consists of a novel large area ionization chamber with a gradient oriented along the direction of the MLC motion. The measured signal from the AIMS can be compared in real‐time with the IQM_Calc predicted values. A prototype AIMS has been built with 2 mm thick Aluminum plates, an area of 22 cm × 22 cm and continuously varying electrode separation of 2 to 22 mm. The IQM_Calc uses a modified sector integration of MLC defined apertures and accounts for MLC characteristics such as: rounded leaf ends, transmission, and relative output factor. Testing of the IQM system was performed on Varian and Elekta linear accelerators. Results: Initial results for prostate IMRT fields show an average agreement of 2% between the measured IQM signals and the IQM_Calc results. For a 3 mm simulated MLC leaf positioning error, the signal of a prostate IMRT field changed by 2%. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the prototype IQM system has the capability of verifying the accuracy of treatmentdelivery in real‐time. The system is also capable of capturing common treatment errors. The IQM system has the potential of playing an important role in the challenging QA environment of modern radiation therapy.
TU‐D‐M100F‐02: Automated Quality Assurance for Helical Tomotherapy Using Exit Detector Data34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761390View Description Hide Description
Purpose: The purpose of this work was to develop techniques for utilizing exit detector data in a helical tomotherapy system to automate the QA process. The clinical significance of this study is that an analysis of the exit detector data acquired during treatment delivery could be used to ensure that the correct delivery sequence is being administered to the patient. Method and Materials:Software applications were developed to automatically analyze uncompressed detector data. To test this software, a MLC test sequence was designed that allows each MLC leaf to be tested using the exit detector data. The goals of this test are 1.) To identify MLC problems (stuck leafs, bad valves, etc…) before failure, and 2.) Perform QA Tests on MLC parameters that affect the delivered dose. Additionally, a clinical test case was created using the treatment delivery sequences for a head & neck patient. The original treatment delivery sequence was modified and 12 known MLC errors were inserted in the MLC controller file. The procedures were delivered and the software was used to analyze the exit detector data. Results: The MLC QA Test was delivered on four occasions with two MLCs. A software application developed by the investigators was then used to analyze the exit detector data from these deliveries. The software correctly performed Latency Tests, Projection Centering Tests, and MLC Transit Time Tests. For each delivery, the tests showed that the MLCs were properly functioning. For the Head & Neck test case, the shape‐detection algorithm was able to identify 11 out of 12 known MLC errors >10 msec. Conclusion: A technique was developed for performing automated QA of the MLC and individual patient deliveries using exit detector data in a helical tomotherapy system. With the tomotherapy detector array, errors in MLC position > 10 msec have been detected.
TU‐D‐M100F‐03: Tracing the Sources of Absolute Dose Errors in IMRT Plan Verifications34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761391View Description Hide Description
Purpose: Several years since the advent of IMRT, most institutions still perform experimental plan verifications with film and ion‐chamber. In the past year of measurements of Pinnacle3IMRT plans in our clinic, most isocenter dose measurements were verified to be within 3%, but the 10% that were off by 4–7% were repeated or required MU adjustments. In this work, we trace the main sources of discrepancies by measurement and simulation. Methods: We used an independent dose calculation engine (MCKS) that performs kernel‐based superposition using Monte Carlo sampling of photons, interaction points, and corresponding monoenergetic kernels. The photon source for the simulations is a single phasespace plane scored just above the collimator and generated by an EGS/BEAMnrc code. Even though MCKS models the detailed MLC design (curved ends, tongue‐and‐groove, inter‐leaf gap, and leaf offsets) the MLC material density is fine‐tuned with the measurement of "uniform" intensity map delivered as sequence of narrow strips, which amplifies the leakage dose several fold. Results & Conclusion: Using the code and measurement, we found that a major source of error in IMRT plans from Pinnacle3 is the handling of MLC leakage. For example, if a 1.8% MLC transmission is used, then delivering a 10×10 field with ten 10×1 strips produces a dose overestimation by 12% on the central axis. This reduces to 8% if a 1.5% value is used. In typical IMRT plans, the leakage error is less dramatic, but can frequently exceed the 3% acceptance criterion. Also, no single transmission value is suitable for all possible IMRT fields because MLCscatter varies with field size and shape. Some errors also result from the use of lumped empirical square field output factors to complex IMRT segments without regard to the energy or direction of head scatterphotons.
TU‐D‐M100F‐04: Characterisation, Commissioning and Evaluation of DELTA4 IMRT QA System34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761392View Description Hide Description
Purpose: Characterize, commission and evaluate a dual plane diode matrix IMRT QA device. Method and Materials: A novel device consisting of diode matrices in two orthogonal planes inserted in a cylindrical acrylic phantom of 22cm diameter is characterized, commissioned and evaluated for radiotherapyquality assurance. The system interfaces readily with a networked computer making the whole IMRT QA process very efficient in multi accelerator and multi physicist department. . It detects charge per accelerator pulse, computes and displays measured dose distribution in 3D space. The temperature dependence of the diode is corrected. The precision, stability, pulse rate dependence, dose rate dependence, angular dependence, linear response, energy response of the system and the calculation accuracy at non detector locations are evaluated in addition to comparing multiple simple and complex iso‐dose distributions from TPS to measured distributions. The software readily analyses dose profiles in any orientations, %dose, DTA and gamma index of the entire 3D distributions. Results: The precision and the day‐to‐day reproducibility of measured data of a single field are excellent, making additional ion chamber measurement unnecessary. The measured data indicated excellent dose linearity and pulse rate independence. Comparison of simple and complex treatment plans with delivered treatment showed good agreement considering the error bars. Conclusions: The Delta 4 system is highly efficient, accurate and reproducible. The instantaneous and automatic data acquisition combined with the error analysis, report and database capability built into the system make it easy, convenient and efficient to use in a busy clinic. Conflict of Interest Statement: One of the co‐author is President and CEO of ScandiDos AB Company, which supplied Delta4 at no cost for evaluation.
TU‐D‐M100F‐05: Pre‐Treatment Verification of Large‐Field IMRT Dose Painting Plans for Head and Neck Cancer Using a Commercial QA Device34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761393View Description Hide Description
Objective: To develop a practical procedure for routine pre‐treatment verification of large dose painting fields using a commercial IMRT QA device, MapCheck. Materials and Methods: Optimized dose painting intensity maps were applied to a 40×40×40 cm3 digital phantom. With a voxel size of 1 mm3, the dose distributions were re‐calculated for a coronal plane at a depth of 5 cm. The DMLC files were then transferred to a Varian Clinac for plan verification. We first delivered a beam with MapCheck at isocenter. The isocenter was then shifted superiorly and inferiorly by 4 cm, respectively. Two more exposures were made. The isocenter was shifted to the left and right by 4 cm, respectively. Two more exposures were made. To detect accurately the steep dose gradient regions, we doubled the effective detector surface density by shifting the isocenter by 5 mm along the X and Y axes. Two more exposures were made. Finally, we merged all these files to yield a desirable dose distribution. We used three different criteria for data analysis: percent difference, distance to agreement (DTA), and γ index. We set the percent difference threshold to 3% and the DTA to 3 mm. Results: Using these criteria, 99% ∼ 99.5% dose points passed the test for most of our IMRT dose painting plans. For a ten‐field plan, it took about 35 minutes to complete the data acquisition and post‐analysis. Conclusions: The proposed procedure not only improves the efficiency, but also enhances the accuracy of measured dose distribution in the steep dose gradient regions. MapCheck is a handy, fast, and practical tool for routine pretreatment verification of large‐field dose painting plans.
TU‐D‐M100F‐06: Temporal Precision of Gated Step‐And‐Shoot Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761394View Description Hide Description
Purpose: The use of gating in the delivery of radiation therapy (RT) has been shown as an effective means of treatingtumors susceptible to motion. However, due to electronic and mechanical limitations of the radiationdelivery equipment, the precision of gated IMRT is susceptible to equipment process time delays. The purpose of this study is to investigate the temporal accuracies of gated RT using a simple and inexpensive method that doesn't require complex or fast sampling equipment to measure response times. Method and Materials: Using a Varian Trilogy treatmentdelivery system together with a Varian RPM respiratory gating system, the response times of both normal RT and step‐and‐shoot (SS) IMRT gated deliveries are investigated. Radiation dosage profiles, recorded using radiographic films, are digitalized to allow extraction of temporal data. In addition the same response time technique is used with an electronic portal imagining device (EPIDs). Results: Static to dynamic comparison of specific MLC patterns is used to extract the gating response time. It is found that the time, from when an object enters into the specified phase to when the radiation beam is actually turned on, is approximately 0.15 s. This time error is found to be systematic in nature and is approximately the same for both normal and SS‐IMRT gated deliveries.Conclusion: A general and simple procedure has been developed that will allow the response time of a LINAC based gating systems to be made. The ∼150 ms systematic timing error found to occur in the Trilogy/RPM system can be corrected by modification of the gating software provided if the patients breathing is regular and periodic.
TU‐D‐M100F‐07: Simplified Clinical Quality Assurance for Helical Tomotherapy34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761395View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To evaluate a Web‐based Quality Assurance tool for maintaining the clinical integrity of the Tomotherapy machine. Method and Materials: This tool takes advantage of the output of the two distinct ion chamber systems on the Tomotherapy machine. One is the standard sealed ion chamber that resides in the head of a machine near the primary collimators and is used to calculate Monitor Units. The other is a set of pressurized Xenon detectors that are used for imaging. Both systems monitor ionizations independently and are rigidly attached so that their geometry is constant regardless of the orientation of the beam on the gantry which makes possible testing for both static and rotational modes. The collected data can be reviewed via a Web page and a downloadable Report in PDF format is available within seconds after collection of the data. Results: As an example, one performs a 200 second rotational delivery with the couch removed from the beam. The data are analyzed in both an integrated and pulse‐by pulse methodology to determine consistency between the two chamber systems, changes in output and changes in energy. The collected information is evaluated relative to a standard delivery created during machine commissioning. Comparison to standard ion chamber measurements in phantom under static conditions indicate that the analyses are consistent for calibration and more sensitive to energy changes than percentage depth dose measurements made in phantom. Additional information about the machine's performance is identified easily. Conclusion: New technology offers an opportunity to perform standard Quality Assurance tests in a new manner. The simple test described here is more sensitive and performed more quickly than traditional methodology. Other tests are possible. Conflict of Interest: Three authors are employees of Tomotherapy, Inc.
TU‐D‐M100F‐08: Quality Assurance Protocol of the HiArt Tomotherapy MLC: Design and Implementation34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761396View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To develop a comprehensive protocol and software tool for the quality assurance of the HiArt Tomotherapy MLC system. Method and Materials: Seven MLC test patterns were designed and an in‐house software called "Tomo MLC QA" was developed to generate the sinogram for the test patterns and analyzed the test results. The seven test patterns are: box in box, modified checkerboard, leakage test, IEC‐X gradient, IEC‐Y gradient, complex field A, and complex field B. Kodak EDR2 ReadyPak films were used for all the measurements with our test patterns. Results: The films from the measurements were analyzed with the "Tomo MLC QA" tool. Pass and Fail criteria were specified for each test according to published QA data. Most tests passed the set criteria, although some failures were detected and corrected. Conclusion: In this study, seven test patterns were designed as part of a QA toolkit for the MLC of a helical tomotherapy unit. A software platform called "Tomo MLC QA" was developed to facilitate the analysis of the seven tomotherapy MLC QA tests. The software can be easily adapted to any treatment center with a helical tomotherapy unit to perform customized tomotherapy MLC QA or to standardize testing. Additional test patterns can be developed based on the "Tomo MLC QA" platform. The seven designed test patterns for tomotherapy MLC QA are not aimed to test all characteristics of the tomotherapy MLC. However, the patterns allow the users to test some of the mechanical and dosimetric properties of the tomotherapy MLC. The analysis results based on the seven test patterns from our institution were reported. All tests passed at the inhouse set criteria, indicating that our unit's MLC is operating according to specifications. The analysis revealed some minor problems regarding beam angle position that require further investigation.
TU‐D‐M100F‐09: Breathing Motion‐Induced Dose Delivery Error Evaluations as Applied to Tomotherapy Dose Delivery34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761397View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To develop a method for evaluating breathing motion‐induced dose delivery errors in Tomotherapy dose delivery. Methods and Materials: Dosimetric inaccuracy can result from breathing‐induced tumor motion in Tomotherapy treatment delivery. Patient breathing motion patterns were simulated using quantitative spirometry‐measured patient tidal volumes and converting the tidal volume to tumor motion by varying the ratio of tumor motion to tidal volume for 34 patients. Simulations of Tomotherapy deliveries were conducted modifying the previously published techniques by using measured beam profiles instead of step‐function fluences, and couch speeds typical of Tomotherapy treatments. Radiochromic film and our in‐house 4D phantom were used to verify the algorithm. Results: As expected, the breathing motion blurred the dose distributions, but slow drifts in the average tissue position caused detectable dose errors. The dose errors were expectedly largest with the smallest (1.0cm) field size, and could be >10% for motion amplitudes comparable to the field size. As the field width increased relative to the motion amplitude, and as couch‐speed (pitch) decreased, the error also decreased, and as such these settings may be preferable for patient treatments. These slow drifts occurred over time periods that were coincident with the amount of time required for the field to pass a stationary point. Measurements agreed with the simulation. Conclusions: Previous breathing motion studies did not use real patient breathing patterns and therefore did not consider the impact of slow, relatively small drifts in those patterns. The drifts change direction during the breathing measurement, causing dose errors that are both positive and negative. While the individual dose fraction errors can be >10%, they are unlikely to occur in the same place each day, so the average dose is likely to be consistent with earlier studies. Conflict of Interest: This work supported in part by a grant from Tomotherapy, Inc.
- Tx Planning and Delivery: New Techniques and Systems
TH‐C‐M100F‐01: Chain Acceleration of Protons Using High‐Power Laser Pulses34(2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2761679View Description Hide Description
Purpose: To study the temporal evolution of the target's charge and its effect on the acceleration of protons. To optimize the proton energy by designing new target geometry, in which the protons experience the full acceleration potential created by the laser pulse. Method and Materials: The process of proton acceleration is studied by means of fully relativistic two‐dimensional PIC simulations (2D3V PIC) with initial conditions similar to a realistic experimental situation, where a relativistically intense (I0=1.92×1021W/cm2, a=30) ultrashort (∼40fs) infrared (λ = 800nm) laser pulse interacts with a Cu target of thickness 400∼nm at normal incidence. Results:Protons at rest on the back surface of the target were initially studied and their dynamics was analyzed. It was determined, that in this geometry the protons experience acceleration in only 25% of the peak of the electric field. The conditions were subsequently optimized by assuming a moving proton bunch incident on the target. A novel two‐stage acceleration scheme was proposed (chain acceleration) and a total energy gain of 50% was estimated under optimum conditions. The implications for proton therapy are discussed. Conclusion: It is shown, that in a conventional proton acceleration geometry using lasers, the acceleration conditions are far from optimum due to the fact that the protons are expelled from the target before the maximum charge build up is reached and as a result experience reduced acceleration potential. We proposed and analyzed a new acceleration scheme employing a double target, in which the protons accelerated in the first stage are properly timed with the laser pulse that ionizes the second target. Under such conditions the energy gain is substantial, opening up the way for proton acceleration above 100MeV using the today's state of laser technology.


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A and D Studio Photographer
Ellie McDanielModel Female Columbus, Ohio, US
My Website: Elle MCDMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/ellemcd
Mayhem # 2410443
About MeExperienced Model working for paid work only. Message me privately for opportunities. I specialize in Glamour but I am open to anything except nude, implied, lingerie, or anything that would compromise my integrity.
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text: Home > Actress > Parvathy Omanakuttan Parvathy Omanakuttan - Actress, Tamil Photo Gallery (87 Photos) Actress Parvathy Omanakuttan Photos including Parvathy Omanakuttan latest stills from movies and events. Parvathy Omanakuttan HQ stills. Feel free to download these images. Post your comment Related AlbumsSreya VyaasSweethaRuchika SharmaPriya ManiKushbooTeja ShreePoojaRaasi TamilWire.NET - Latest English News TamilCinema.News - Latest Cinema News TamilTunes.com - Latest Songs Downloads Tamil.Movie - Latest Tamil Movie Trailers to Watch Online Tamil.Gallery - Latest Tamil Galleries


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The Coveted Cardinal Badge LbNA # 46518
|The Tikihama Campers
|Placed Date
|Apr 11 2009
|Eagan, MN
|Found By
|Last Found
|Sep 1 2010
|Hike Distance
At Camp Tikihama, badges can be earned for canoeing and swimming at Crystal Lake. Unfortunately, recent incidents at the camp have closed it down, so your adventure will have to take place at Schulze Lake in Lebanon Hills Park in Eagan Minnesota. (To find the park, take 35E heading South from St. Paul. Exit at Cliff Road and turn left. Lebanon Hills has several entrances. This one is the second entrance as you head down Cliff Road.) While you may choose to canoe or swim, we suggest a treasure hunt where you can earn the coveted Cardinal Badge.
Your adventure begins at the walking path that runs between the Visitor Center and the Canoe Rental. Before long, you will come to a crossroads. Turning right would be a no-no it is for traditional skiers only (and if you are on skis, there will be too much snow to find this treasure!). Traveling straight is a lovely walk, but you would much prefer to stay close to the lake for this adventure.
The crystal water will be to your left as you head down the path. You will quickly arrive at a T intersection (hint: the marker number is a prime number yes, we even have a mathematics badge at our camp). At Camp Tikihama, we would choose the rugged path to the right, but not knowing what your own skill level is, we suggest you continue straight ahead.
The path will snake around (more like a snake with serious back issues). You will turn right, then left, then right again (think RLR). If you are still on track, the sandy beach across the lake will be directly to your back.
A sign on your left will alert you that you are close to your treasure. On the right side of the trail, directly across from the sign, you will see a number of old logs. Walk 6 paces to the wide V formed by two logs. Beware: prickly brambles may scratch if you are not careful! If you discover your treasure, you will receive your honorary cardinal badge.


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Pop-up events have become a new way for businesses and entrepreneurs to get out the word about their products, services or food. This weekend, the spotlight is on makeup.
Internationally known makeup artist Jemma Kidd is teaming up with Target to host two free pop-up makeup events Saturday and Sunday in Ahwatukee and Scottsdale. Kidd and a team of beauty experts will be giving guests complimentary makeovers and styling tips and showcasing her new line, JK Jemma Kidd Fall 2011 Collection. There will also be giveaways and special offers.
Kidd, 37, from the United Kingdom, started out in the beauty industry as a model before realizing she enjoyed "being on the other end of the makeup brush" more.
Kidd began as a makeup assistant, working closely with fashion designers and photographers, as well as with such magazines as the British edition of Vogue and Vanity Fair.
The inspiration for her fall line comes from her passion for runway styling.
"The collection fuses high-fashion, statement color and runway glamour with professional performance, bringing the catwalk to the sidewalk without breaking the bank," Kidd says.
"This season, the trend has been reworked through modern eyes: simple feline flicks, sultry winged eye shadow and doe-eyed Bambi lashes."
To re-create the look, Kidd suggests trying the JK Jemma Kidd I-Sculpt Shadow & Liner ($17), with an "innovative slanted liner to create precise lines and a complimentary shadow perfect for sculpting the socket line."
Other fall products include Smoke It Up I-Kit ($22) and Red Carpet Lip & Cheek Tint & Gloss ($18). The full JK Jemma Kidd line is available exclusively at Target.
Target will team up with other design partners at upcoming events in Los Angeles, San Diego and Tucson.
Noon-6 p.m. Oct. 22. 4734 E. Ray Road, Phoenix. 480-893-9333, target.com.
Noon-6 p.m. Oct. 23. 15444 N. Frank Lloyd Wright Blvd., Scottsdale. 480-860-2800, target.com.
L-R: makeup artist Jemma Kidd; Smoke It Up I-Kit, combines a mix of shadow, shimmer, pearl and matte finishes and includes a shadow brush; and Red Carpet Lip & Cheek Tint & Gloss in Dress Up (berry red) and Glam Up (petal pink).
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AUSTELL, Ga. (AP) - Austell officials say a court clerk took more than $121,000 from the city since 2003 and used at least some of the money to pay her bills.
Patricia Regina Wilcurt was arrested Monday and jailed without bond on charges of theft by taking and making a false statement in writing to a government entity. She's been a court employee since 1999.
Austell Mayor Joe Jerkins says the money was found to be missing during a routine audit. Fees and fines paid to the court are usually logged in two places - one at the court, the other with deposits at city hall.
Wilcurt is accused of changing the amounts logged with the deposits to hide the thefts. Officials say the two records hadn't been compared side-by-side before.
Jerkins says the two records will be crosschecked for accuracy from now on.


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Video transfer from phone to computer
I have the Black Berry storm. I tranferred my pix's and video's from my phone to my computer (HP pavilion a6200n desktop) I found my pix's but i can't find the videos.
Re: Video transfer from phone to computer
Did you look in the MY Videos folder?
HP DV9700, t9300, Nvidia 8600, 4GB, Crucial C300 128GB SSD
HP ENVY 17t Touch,i7-6500u,6GB, 256 GB SSD (on loan)
HP Photosmart 6520
HP Touchpad, HP Chromebook 11
Custom i7-4790k, Z97, 16GB 2400 MHz DDR3, Intel 750 PCI-E SSD, (2)Samsung EVO 840 SSD, Corsair HX650, GTX 980TI, Corsair H75 water cooler
Windows 10 Pro in UEFI mode - production system
Windows 7 and 8 in UEFI mode - test systems
Re: Video transfer from phone to computer
What a pain in the ass getting to this point. I spoke to Verizon several times. I went to my local verizon store. Finally last night I was able to transfer my videos from my BB Storm to my computer. Part of the problem for me. There is a new Desktop sofeware I believe that came out in the beginning of Aug. BB Desktop Software 6.0. All the verizon people except one new this new info. They kept trying to tell me how to install BB Desktop Manager. I kept telling them I can't find it. Well , anyway my wife and I figured it out. Again, this whole process was a pain!
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I'm a bit new to the topic so please excuse any obvious misunderstandings, but what are some of the best practices for building APIs in Rails, as well as for accessing external APIs from my application. I've seen other apps utilize some sort of versioning scheme inside their routing.yml but it's hard to find solid documentation on this.
We started with Q&A. Technical documentation is next, and we need your help.
Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, you can contribute.
closed as too broad by Zach, bluefeet♦ Aug 17 '14 at 22:04
There are either too many possible answers, or good answers would be too long for this format. Please add details to narrow the answer set or to isolate an issue that can be answered in a few paragraphs.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
API stands for Application Programming Interface. It defines the way one 'module' of code works with another. APIs typically describe 'methods' (or 'procedures', or 'functions') that you 'call' against that module, service, etc. They can be for any purpose.
So if I have a web service that allows you to store your pictures on, I would have an API that let you do multiple things. For example:
The point of this is, it is a service that has methods that you call to. As far as web services go, I don't know if this applies, but for the call initiation to go the other way, you get into what are called callbacks.
A callback is just what its name implies - the service, module, etc. calls back to your code. In order for the module to know about your callback, however, you must typically register the callback, usting some API function.
An example of this is OpenGL (actually glut). Your application defines how a scene is drawn. In order for this to happen, you register your "draw" function with glutDisplayFunc(func). Then, whenever OpenGL decides it needs the scene drawn, it calls the callback function you registered. Your draw function then draws the scene and returns control to OpenGL.
As for your Facebook questions, I haven't done any Facebook API stuff for quite a while, so I don't know how it works any more. But if Yahoo wants to post something to my profile, it calls a Facebook API function with my user id and the details it wants to post. So as far as I know, there's nothing terribly complex about that situation.


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Welcome to Filet & Vine (Derk's), Montgomery's premier Market, Deli, and Bottle Shoppe! The market features hand-cut steaks, fresh produce, and gourmet groceries. We offer a full service deli, with Boar`s Head Meats, delicious salads, soups, casseroles to go and are one of Montgomery's favorite lunch spots!
"If you're unlucky enough to be in Montgomery, stop by Derk's Filet & Vine to brighten your day. Best "Meat & 2" in town! They also have an excellent selection of wine, beer and other specialty/gourmet groceries."


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I am having serious problems with my website. It can easily be viewed with ie @ http://kirkhayes.com, but if you try http://www.kirkhayes.com you will get an error. I also was trying firefox, but got a homepage that was text only...no formatting.
I am confused because I thought that http://domain.com is the same as http://www.domain.com. Am I wrong?


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(a) Consider the initial value problem
We want to apply Euler's method to this problem. The formula for Euler's method for a problem of this kind, given a coefficient matrix A, a constant vector g, and a step size h on an interval is given by
Applying this to our example yields
(b) We want to know what the kth t-value is, . Since , we have
If we choose , we have that
if , .
(c) We want to compute the first two values of Euler's method, using a step size of Plugging this into our equation from (a) gives
Thus, the first two steps of Euler's method yields .


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By Martin Weil
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, February 5, 2011; 12:11 AM
January, already notorious for its snowstorm and the consequences thereof, distinguished itself in other meteorological categories, according to the National Weather Service.
It turned out to be the second consecutive month in Washington with below normal temperatures, the weather service said. Reagan National Airport turned in an average temperature that was about one-and-one-third degrees below the usual figure for January.
That was all the more notable given the abnormal warmth that characterized most of the previous year.
Significant contributions to January's below-normal temperature were credited to the eight consecutive days on which the daily high temperature never rose above the 30s.
Not only that, but on 19 January days, the temperature remained steadfastly below 40 degrees. This is not normal for winter in Washington. It is true that Washington, while south of the Mason Dixon Line, is not to be confused with Florida or similarly southern latitudes.
But nevertheless, there is no single day in January in Washington on which the normal high temperature is below 40 degrees.
Normal high daily temperatures for January are close to the high temperature recorded yesterday at the airport. That was 42 degrees.
The normal high temperature for part of January's days is just that figure - 42. For the rest of January, it is 43.
Sometimes in January, there arrives an unexpectedly balmy day that offers a welcome and dramatic respite from the monotony of 42s and 43s. But not this year.
It never got to 60 degrees this January. This is uncommon. According to a report issued Thursday evening by the weather service, this January was only the third in the past 20 years without a single day in the 60s.
It did have some cold days, however, such as Jan. 24th when the mercury skidded to a low at National of 17 degrees. That was the coldest temperature to which Washington was exposed since Feb. 7, 2010. That day's low was 16.
Other distinctions existed. During the Jan. 26 storm, the weather service said, thundersleet was observed. This was not a phenomenon that occurred only within the Capital Beltway.
At Dulles International Airport, thundersleet was also observed on the 26th. After that, the weather service said, came four consecutive hours of snow. That snow fell at the rate of two inches per hour.
It helped make January at Dulles the snowiest January there since 2000.
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Bill de Blasio Also Crushing Joe Lhota When It Comes to Fund-raising
He brought in $635,000 after a poll said he was ahead by 40 percent.
Though de Blasio and his Republican opponent collected almost the same amount of money in the five days after the primary ($153,000 and $156,000, respectively), de Blasio really started raking it in when a September 19 poll said he was ahead by 40 points. During the last two weeks of the month, he raised $635,000, according to reports released by New York City's Campaign Finance Board. Lhota brought in $280,000 during the same period. Since then, de Blasio's lead has jumped to 50 points, which probably means even more cash in October.


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Year Released: 2004
Player Exclusive colorways reach sky high prices on eBay, but for some reason, the Air Jordan Retro II in the Denver Nuggets colorway for Carmelo Anthony is slept on by most people. (As is the Air Jordan II in general, for that matter.) This was also one of the first times that a player-inspired colorway was actually available to the public on a Jordan, so why are these so slept on?
The 25 Most Underrated Air Jordans of All Time
3. Air Jordan II "Melo"
Year Released: 2004
Watch Now


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Nishikori breezed to a 6-2 6-3 victory over Lopez in a match that lasted just 67 minutes, not much longer than his outing on Saturday when he advanced to the final after Marinko Matosevic was forced to retire with a foot injury following the first set.
A well-rested Nishikori broke Lopez's service twice in the opening set to move ahead 4-1 then took control in the second by opening with another break.
"I'm very happy with the way I played," Nishikori said. "To win this title is an amazing feeling. Hopefully I can win a couple more titles. It's been a good start to the year."
It was the third career title for Nishikori, who also won the Japan Open in Tokyo last October to become the first Japanese player to win on home soil.
Lopez never recovered from a rough start and missed a chance for his first win since 2010.
"He was very aggressive from the beginning," Lopez said. "I have no regrets. I tried everything I could and he was just the better player today."
In the women's final, New Zealander Marina Erakovic has seen her WTA singles ranking improve nine places after German Sabine Lisicki retired through injury.
Lisicki boweed after losing the first set 6-1, and the result marks Erakovic's first WTA tour title.
- Sports & Recreation
- Tennis
- Marinko Matosevic
- Nishikori


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What passes for government these days is nothing more than fraud backed up by violence. This evil appears intelligent in the immediate but proves to be supremely stupid over time.
Socialism, communism, fascism, imperialism, whatever you want to call it; it doesn't matter. Fascism works all too well in the short-term, but then turns into a mega-disaster in the longer term. The fundamental mechanism is that the short-term social successes based on being able to back up lies with violence, or enforce frauds, can never stop those lies from still being false. Therefore, the basic problems with the current political economy are that everything was based on being able to successfully enforce frauds. That worked fantastically well for a few, in the short to medium term, but that drives the society as a whole to become psychotically insane in the longer term!
The overall problem that the human species faces is that there are no practically possible ways to prevent the best organized gangs of criminals from being able to dominate the political processes. Their abilities to use bribery, intimidation, as well as assassination of those who could not otherwise be bribed or intimidated, have gradually resulted in the current social situation where the successful politicians are the puppets of the best organized gangs of criminals, who are voted for by enough of the masses of muppets, who were brainwashed to believe in bullshit their whole lives by their schools and the mass media, which social institutions also ended up being dominated and controlled by the history of their funding.
After any group in society starts to get away with fraud, then that automatically gets worse, faster, at an exponentially accelerating rate. Tragically, there appears to be no practical ways to prevent the best organized gangs of criminals from being able to apply the methods of organized crime to the political processes, in ways that some of the profits from frauds can then be reinvested in more frauds. The overall results become that society ends up being almost totally dominated by the best professional liars and immaculate hypocrites, who collectively maintain attitudes of evil deliberate ignorance towards any more rational evidence or logical arguments, because the ACTUAL foundation of the established sociopolitical systems are the abilities to successfully back up lies with violence, or enforce frauds.
Since no amount of that kind of successful enforcement of frauds can ever stop those frauds from still being false, the more socially successful those systems of enforcing frauds become, the more that the longer term consequences are that civilization as a whole becomes controlled by runaway criminal insanities! Even more tragically, as far as I can tell, the only thing that follows from learning more about that is the more one knows, the worse it gets. Otherwise, it is politically impossible to stop any of the short-term increments of the success of evil intelligence resulting in supreme stupidity in the longer term the end result of which can only be described as pure karma.
One can commiserate with some of the relatively small percentage of the population that understands the degree to which governments have become the biggest form of organized crime, controlled by the best organized gangs of criminals, all of which collectively has become a civilization manifesting runaway criminal insanities, since NOTHING COUNTS IN EACH SHORT-TERM INCREMENT THAN EVIL INTELLIGENCE, BEING APPLIED TO ENFORCE FRAUDS, DESPITE THAT BECOMING SUPREME STUPIDITY IN THE LONGER TERM.
Collectively, we appear to be approaching the turning or tipping points, where the earlier eras of successful evil intelligence, which were able to privatize the profits from enforcing frauds, are more and more manifesting the supreme stupidities, as the longer term consequences from doing that. The monetary system has become like a metastasizing cancer, or a parasite that is killing its host. The evil intelligence that enabled financial frauds to be enforced has become too successful, for too long, and therefore, its supreme stupidity is trending towards that system as a whole committing collective suicide.
However, as far as I can tell, there continues to be no politically possible ways to prevent that from happening. The vicious spirals of the FUNDING OF THE POLITICAL PROCESSES continue to automatically get worse, faster, while there is nobody else that can compete with the ways that systems of enforced frauds have already been entrenched in the established systems. Hence, the basic mechanisms of being able to back up lies with violence have been too successful, for too long, so that their evil intelligence is transforming into supreme stupidity as we watch ... while we continue to be able to do nothing that is politically possible regarding the ways that runaway criminal insanities control the civilization that we were born into.
What makes the situation even more objectively hopeless is the degree to which the core groups of organized crime have successfully been able to control their apparent "opposition." The entire domain of political debates is almost totally dominated by the biggest bullies' bullshit world view, which is currently the banksters' view of the political economy, namely that their frauds being enforced by governments are somehow supposed to be good things.
It is almost impossible to exaggerate the degree to which evil intelligence totally dominates every sociopolitical institution, so that all of the most socially successful people are the best professional liars and immaculate hypocrites, which works because the vast majority of people have been so totally brainwashed to believe in bullshit, to the degree that they want to continue to believe in bullshit, and do not want to think in any other way than that.
The problems we face are way worse than guys like Stockman point out, because of the degree to which almost everyone thinks and communicates is almost totally dominated by thousands of years of developing the biggest bullies' bullshit social stories, so that those dominated natural languages and the philosophy of science. The prolonged social successes of backing up lies with violence, which have enabled building a political economy on the basis of enforced financial frauds, is far more profound a problem than guys like Stockman appear to appreciate.
Thousands of years of history of successful warfare based on being able to back up deceits with destruction, which then morphed into financial success based on enforcing frauds, has become the overall arc of human civilization as a whole becoming evil intelligence in a trajectory towards supreme stupidity. Paradoxically, most of the progress in science and technologies have ended up primarily serving evil intelligence to drive itself towards manifesting supreme stupidity orders of magnitude more than ever before. Articles like Stockman's above are barely touching upon some tiny tips of the huge icebergs of those political problems.
While the international banksters recaptured control over the American monetary system more than a Century ago. To see only that is to look through a tiny keyhole perception at the overall problems that are due to civilization being based on the successful applications of the principles and methods of organized crime. While it is theoretically possible to somewhat untangle the political paradoxes that arise through systems of legalized lies, backed by legalized violence, which result from the best organized gangs of criminals being able to control the biggest form of organized crime, governments, that is still a relatively superficial analysis of the deeper problems.
There are chronic political problems inherent in the nature of life, which must be resolved somehow. Natural selection pressures were gradually internalized as human intelligence. However, that intelligence was then selected through the history of warfare to become an evil intelligence, that operated its artificial selection systems most successfully by backing up deceits with destruction, and being treacherous. That continued to develop for thousands of years, eventually becoming the civilization that surrounds us now, where there is a MAD Money As Debt system backed by the MAD Mutual Assured Destruction system, which manifest as globalized electronic monkey money frauds, backed by the threat of force from apes with atomic bombs.
Due to the real death controls being done through the maximum possible deceits, the real financial controls built on that foundation ended up being done through the maximum possible frauds. However, while that was happening, the core groups of the best organized gangs of criminals, who were able to apply their evil intelligence in order to achieve their goals, such as getting governments to legalize them being able to counterfeit the public "money" supply, the relative social successes of those best organized gangsters, or the banksters, then enabled them to more and more control the opposition groups, so that those controlled opposition groups would continue to operate within the overall frame of reference which maintained attitudes of the maximum possible ignorance, so that those opposition groups would promote views about the basic death control systems which were staying within the maximum overall deceits regarding those topics.
Similarly the controlled opposition groups with respect to the political economy also stay within the frame of reference of maintaining attitudes of evil deliberate ignorance, in order to continue to operate within the frame of reference of the maximum possible frauds, in order to not discuss those basic ways that the source of the public "money" supply had become government enforced frauds by privately controlled banks. Therefore, that situation drove runaway systems that privatized the profits, while socializing the losses, which processes drove the evil intelligence of those banksters, and their controlled opposition groups, to more and more accumulate greater and greater overall socialized losses, which grew bigger than the previous privatized profits, which meant that the previously successful evil intelligence was thereby transforming into an overall collectively supreme stupidity.
One of the more abstract ways of regarding those tragic trajectories of the develop of human civilization is that natural selection has enabled the development of evil intelligence, that has ended up developing cultural systems of artificial selection which are manifesting supreme stupidity. The sequences of short-term successes based on being able to back up lies with violence has resulted in almost everyone almost totally embracing lies. Similarly, the basic ways that the vast majority of people deliberately misunderstand political economy could barely be more backward and absurd than they are now.
I often summarize those dilemmas by saying that the existence of natural selection forces human beings to develop better death control systems, to back up better debt controls systems, so that the overall human evolutionary ecologies and political economies could be genuinely improved. However, that continues to be practically impossible due to the historical degree of almost total triumphs of evil intelligence in dominating civilizations. Therefore, as civilization approaches the points of terminal supreme stupidity, it is practically impossible for that civilization to respond in any saner ways, since that civilization has now almost nothing but organized crime groups, surrounded by controlled opposition groups, both of which operate within the same frames of reference, which are profoundly deceitful and fraudulent.
Similarly, the ruling classes, and those they rule over, both mostly share in promoting the same bullshit social stories, based on false fundamental dichotomies, and the related impossible ideals. Such a social pyramid system has become an utterly oxymoronic scientific dictatorship, which constantly perfects its evil intelligence, in ways which always end up becoming more supremely stupid as a manor karmic payback.
It is practically impossible to get a society almost totally dominated by the best professional liars and immaculate hypocrites to recognize and admit those facts. After all, it is quite thoroughly paradoxical to recognize and admit the cultural dead-end of social successes based upon enforcing frauds. Such successes become runaway developments of increments of evil intelligence driving towards an overall final result which is supreme stupidity.
The supreme stupidity is the ultimate karmic payback for thousands of years of paradoxical rule by evil intelligence. As our civilization folds into the next era ages of rule by the evil intelligence will be ended in a karmic act of supreme stupidity that self corrects thousands of years of injustice and lies. The comeuppance long delayed will finally be had for the evil intelligence in its' final coup de'grace of supreme stupidity. This is the only outcome that can manifest at the convergence the mega and super trends occurring in the present time. In the long view beyond the life span of single human the process can almost be said to be planned that way to teach our entire species a lesson we will never forget.


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Panera Bread - Lansdowne, VA
Our bakery-cafes are focused on taking care of our guests. Please apply online and a Manager may be in touch if an opportunity matching your qualifications...
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Seibertron.com - The Ultimate Transformers Fansite
Va'al wrote:That's some good stuff right there!
Va'al wrote:I can never bring myself to buy extra weapons for my figures.
Most of the poses I use have a more... silly rationale, so they wouldn't work anyway.
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Return to Share Your Transformers Collection
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text: NPR Staff These Gloves Offer A Modern Twist On Sign Language By NPR Staff • May 17, 2016 Breaking Down The Science Of Picky Eating By NPR Staff • May 16, 2016 Pork shoulder, cauliflower and cheese curds are all trending in 2016, according to Google's tracking of food-related searches. That list might either nauseate you or make your mouth water. Why Restaurants Are Ditching The Switch To No Tipping By NPR Staff • May 15, 2016 In recent years, there's been a no-tipping movement within the restaurant industry. The idea has been to rectify a basic pay unfairness to even out the pay between tipped and untipped employees. Dishwashers and cooks at the back of the house don't earn as much money as waiters because they don't get tips. So, do away with tipping, raise menu prices a little bit, and pay everyone a higher wage. Donald Trump Is About To Start Getting Intelligence Briefings By NPR Staff • May 15, 2016 Harry Truman had been vice president for only 82 days when Franklin Roosevelt died, so there was quite a lot he needed to learn when he became president in 1945. "He didn't even know the atomic bomb existed," historian David Priess said. "He didn't know about the Manhattan Project." Priess, a former CIA officer and author of The President's Book of Secrets, a history of the president's daily brief, said that experience made Truman resolve that no future president should come into office unprepared. Public Health Professor: Because Of Zika, Rio Olympics 'Must Not Proceed' By NPR Staff • May 11, 2016 Amir Attaran, a professor in the School of Public Health and the School of Law at the University of Ottawa, isn't afraid to take a bold stand. He has written a commentary for the Harvard Public Health Review, published this week, with the headline, "Why Public Health Concerns for Global Spread of Zika Virus Means that Rio de Janeiro's 2016 Olympic Games Must Not Proceed." Revisiting A Mother's Day Story Of Separation By NPR Staff • May 8, 2016 For decades, Mother's Day has been a difficult time of year for Cheryl Coleman. She says it's been 35 years since she's seen her son. Why This Seattle Chef Is Embracing A Higher Minimum Wage For Employees By NPR Staff • May 6, 2016 Last year, Seattle began phasing in a minimum wage of $15 an hour. Businesses with more than 500 employees are all required to pay that wage by 2018. Smaller companies have until 2021 to comply, but some entrepreneurs are embracing the call for a higher minimum wage ahead of schedule. One of them is Renee Erickson, a Seattle chef, who this week won the 2016 James Beard Award as the best chef in the Northwest. She employs 100 people at her restaurant group. Churchill Downer: The Forgotten Racial History Of Kentucky's State Song By NPR Staff • May 6, 2016 Every year at the Kentucky Derby, crazy hat-wearing, mint julep-guzzling horse-gazers break into a passionate rendition of Kentucky's state song, "My Old Kentucky Home." As tradition goes, the University of Louisville Cardinal Marching Band accompanies the crowd as they croon a ballad that seems to be about people who miss their happy home. "The sun shines bright on my old Kentucky home/'Tis summer and the people are gay," begins one version. But Frank X Walker, Kentucky's former poet laureate, suspects that most people are missing the point. We Found Joy: An Addict Struggles To Get Treatment By NPR Staff • May 5, 2016 This story is part of NPR's podcast Embedded, which digs deep into the stories behind the news. Sitting on a dresser in the back bedroom of a house in Austin, Ind., is the bottom of a soda can. A woman places a sliver of a pill, a powerful prescription opioid called Opana, on the jagged half-can. She begins to heat the pill with a cigarette lighter, melting its hard white coating and turning it the color of whiskey. Her name is Joy. 'Biggest Loser' Lessons: Why The Body Makes It Hard To Keep Pounds Off By NPR Staff • May 2, 2016 NBC's reality show The Biggest Loser turns dieting into a grueling training regime fit for gladiators. The victor this past season was Roberto Hernandez. He dropped a whopping 160 pounds to reach a body weight of 188 pounds. Pages« first ‹ previous … 3 4 5 6 … next › last »


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