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Why is ATP the most prevalent form of chemical energy storage and utilization in most cells?
I really like this question as it is such a fundamental underpinning of all life on the planet, yet there is such sparsity of actual information on its origins and why selection rewarded ATP use over anything else. Here I am talking generally since no specific studies exist in ATP vs other candidates.
A lot of the below information is taken from a relatively old article mentioned in the comments by TomD that discusses: "Why nature chose phosphates." by Westheimer, 1987. The article is very influential and has been cited over a thousand times since publication. I've decided to make a revision to my original answer upon discovering another article that came out in the same year that this question was asked "Why nature really chose phosphate." by Kamerlin et al., 2013
Some of the below arguments are more convincing than others.
Why ATP?
ATP is an efficient and relatively simply biosynthesised molecule that can fulfil multiple biochemical roles. Cells do have alternative energy carriers, some with more specialised roles, however ATP is ubiquitous throughout our cells and intercellular spaces. There isn't a wealth of resources explaining why ATP is any better than other compounds, however there is plenty of reasons why the phosphates are required.
Why not the alternatives?
Citric acids and their derivatives are a good candidate, with deductible groups and high bioavailability but they simply don't give enough energy to stabilize genetic material.
Another tribasic candidate is arsenic acid. This is a fundamentally toxic compound though, which isn't particularly great for living things.
There are other phosphates too, and they are used in many organisms. But they have specific functions, and not used as the general energy carrier. For example creatine triphosphate provides a high energy phosphoanhydride bond, that is often used to quickly and anaerobically regenerate ATP, useful during high rate muscle activity for contraction.
GTP is structurally very similar to ATP. GTPases are used more to initiate cellular signalling pathways. It is is sometimes used as an energy source. This is a good example of an alternative energy carrier.
Over the years, many proteins have specialised with a specific shape, and this chance is the primary reason behind ATP over GTP. In other words, the choice of ATP over GTP is primarily down to cellular preference of molecular shape. One of them had to emerge as being more widely used, and it was ATP that 'won'.
Efficiency and simplicity.
The reaction was once thought to be a relatively simple nucleophilic displacement. From the 2013 paper:
Traditionally one will be taught that ATP is such a chemically efficient way of storing and transporting energy. This is due to the ATP->ADP & Pi hydrolysis reaction. The phosphate groups in ATP are full of negative charges and these are repelling one another. This means that the third phosphate is a great leaving group and breaking the phosphoanhydride bond is a favorable reaction. ...
...But the story is a lot more complicated than that. The above explanation isn't really satisfying because those same negative charge forces are repulsive of the nucleophile that is attempting to complete ATP->ADP & Pi. A more comprehensive explanation would go along the lines of: although a negative charge repulsion exists between the nucleophile of the protein and the phosphate, that high energy barrier can be overcome by electrostatic manipulation. This allows an "on-off switch" for the hydrolytic reaction by tweaking the electrostatic environment. This is another great regulatory tool that the phosphates provide. This regulatory feature is important for signal and metabolic/catabolic cascades.
When it comes to 'rebinding' the Pi to ADP, it is fairly easy since ADP seldom covalently binds to anything, which would require a lot of energy to recover the ADP. This also helps the bioavailability of free ADP to ATP synthase, an incredibly efficient enzyme, that uses membrane proton gradient to drive the production of ATP. Talking about actual numbers is difficult here as there is only data available from Rat hepatocytes. Who is to say mammals are representative of all organisms? The estimates of energy of hydrolysis range from ΔG˚ = -48 kJ mol-1 to -30.5 kmol-1. Note that these are considerable, but not exceptional values, so it's easy for many different proteins, that need not be very specialised, to break the bond all over the body. I couldn't even find the numbers for the synthase reaction per ATP, but a single ATP synthase can produce up to 600 ATP per minute.
The final point of this efficiency is that the elements in ATP are very abundant in the biosphere making it easily available. This is ultimately what makes the phosphates a great biomolecule.
ATP is ubiquitous in the body, but in some cases more energy is needed than there are ATP available. In these times of need, ATP can be used to produce more energy, breaking another phosphoanhydride bond to become AMP+2Pi. AMP however is typically a signalling molecule.
With the low activation energy required to break the phosphoanhydride bond, a multitude of enzymes, far too many to list here, can make use of ATP in order to gain energy towards the activation energy for many other functions.


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I am struggling with what the code should be my style.css to update the font, colour and size of the header/site title/tagline. Please can you provide an example inc font family on how this should be displayed in style.css. Thanks.
Also, in the theme options, I have added the URL for - Logo image url to display adjacent top menu - but it does not display the logo. What max size should this be?

subset: commoncrawl


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Oclaro (OCLR) is acquiring rival optical component vendor Opnext (OPXT) in an all-stock deal that values Opnext at $1.96/share, or $177M, based on today's close. Oclaro will be issuing 0.42 shares of its stock for every Opnext share outstanding. Many have speculated the optical component market is ripe for consolidation. OCLR +2.2% AH. OPXT halted. FNSR +0.9%. NPTN and JDSU could also see volatility.
Oclaro (OCLR) is acquiring rival optical component vendor Opnext (OPXT) in an all-stock deal...
From other sites
at CNBC.com (Jun 23, 2011)
at CNBC.com (Mar 2, 2011)
at CNBC.com (Feb 23, 2011)
at CNBC.com (Feb 22, 2011)
at CNBC.com (Feb 4, 2011)
ETF Hub
ETF Screener: Search and filter by asset class, strategy, theme, performance, yield, and much more
ETF Performance: View ETF performance across key asset classes and investing themes
ETF Investing Guide: Learn how to build and manage a well-diversified, low cost ETF portfolio
ETF Selector: An explanation of how to select and use ETFs


text:
I am migrating a working gantry site to a new host. In their development area my site keeps breaking due to the gantry framework header code:
<body <gantry:bodytag/>>
If I deactivate the RokGallery the formatting may OR may not return, so somehow it is connected to the RokGallery. The only possible incompatibility is that the host uses SQLite PDO driver, I am unfamiliar with what this program does to know if it is causing any trouble.
Does anyone know if there a fix in Gantry for this or do I need a new gallery plugin? or if the SQLite and issue? any help is greatly appreciated.


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Wendie Malick and Dave Foley previously worked together on the Just Shoot Me episode "Blind Ambition."
Victoria: Kids can be so ungrateful. I mean, you get them the best nannies money can buy and then they blackmail you with threats to write a Mommy Dearest.
(Will receives another text message)
Melanie: Why is it that he can talk to everybody else but not me?
Victoria: You mustn't blame yourself! I did everything I could for both my kids.
Joy: You've got three children.
(after Will's cold entrance)
Elka: I hope it's your daughter who is going to decide what home to put you in.
(Joy has just finished telling Will about being stood up at the altar)
Will: I've got to tell you, whoever that guy was, it was his loss.
Joy: Thank you.
Will: Because you must have been so hot back then!
Joy: Yes, way back then!
Victoria: Where's Elka? She said this [disease] had no symptoms and I'm out there limping around like Dr. House.
Melanie: Elka said she looked it up on Wikipedia.
Victoria: Wikipedia! Wikipedia says I'm 37, and I should know, I'm the one that "corrected" it.
Joy: I've been trying different [therapists] everyday. It's a little bit like dating, except you're not trying to hide how crazy you are.
Victoria: (to Melanie) Look, I'd love to stay and help you pretend to be your son, but I have to go pretend I'm dying.
Elka: What did you think of my mall walk mix?
Will: Not bad. A little surprised by all the Justin Bieber.
Elka: Really? I love her!
Will: He's a guy...
Elka: They keep saying that, but I'm not buying it.
Victoria: Waiter, I realize it's only 8 o'clock in the morning, but we're celebrating and I would like some champagne in my orange juice.
Waiter: You mean the usual.
Joy: (to Melanie) You raised a son with enough character to break up with the wrong girl even though she has a truly terrific set of knockers.
Original International Air Dates:
United Kingdom: April 12, 2011 on Sky LIVING/Sky LIVING HD
Czech Republic: December 9, 2012 on Prima LOVE
This episode was taped in front of a live studio audience on July 11, 2010.
User Score: 101
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Exactly what i need. Make contests on the blog and intergrate social media.
Perfect Plugin!
Great plugin!
If you need a contest, this is the one!
Very custmizable and great support
This is the best plugin in the world :)
Been using Contesthopper for my clients for a while now, great support and better yet .. traffic spikes when running a contest. Also, the Mailchimp and Aweber integration is just magical. Thanks guys!
Thanks for a great plugin.
Easy to use, customise and a great way to promote your site socially.
The only issue I have is not being able to set the page in the url shortner for the competition. If you have a competition page and you want to use the widget then you need to make sure you are the first entry and you make the entry from the competition page.
If you use the widget without doing this then whoever enters the competition first will set the destination page as being the one that they were on rather than the competition page itself.
But this is just a small issue on generally a really good plugin.
Aunque le faltan algunas cosas es funcional, cumple su función y es prometedor. ¡Buen trabajo!.
Although it lacks some things is functional, it does the job and is promising. Good job.
Spanish translation/Traducción al español en http://wordpress.org/support/plugin/contesthopper
I would add a way for users using the references could know how many entries have.
Work perfect !
And amazing support. :)
Great plugin to set up contests and the google fonts integration is just awesome!
You must log in to submit a review. You can also log in or register using the form near the top of this page.


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Body Wrap
To start the day feeling as if you lived at a spa (well, almost), try this: Take a warm shower. When you're done, grab one of these four subtly scented lightweight body serum sprays—we love the neroli—and while your skin is still damp, spritz yourself all over. Let the moisturizing sea buckthorn oil and pumpkin seed oil sink in. Breathe deeply. Appreciate the fact that there's no check-out time and you don't need to leave a tip.
One Love Organics Aromatic Body Serums, $39
Available at: OneLoveOrganics.com


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A Hopkinsville, Ky., man is dead after his tractor-trailer collides with a train.
According to Kentucky State Police, 54-year-old John Trice was traveling on Kentucky 475 when for an unknown reason, he stopped on the railroad tracks.
An empty CSX train struck the tractor-trailer on the passenger side.
Trice was flown to Gateway Hospital in Clarksville where he died of his injuries.
The accident is still under investigation.


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I thought I did everything right when migrating an existing multi-step WordPress install over to another server for use as a development server. (ref. this: http://codex.wordpress.org/Moving_WordPress)
I compressed all the wp files to preserve their permissions and used the special search and replace tool (over here: http://interconnectit.com/products/search-and-replace-for-wordpress-databases/) to change the domain name in the db (which is the only thing that changed, everything should be exactly the same as the production site).
The main domain works and I can log in and get to the admin page. But for all the sites on my multi-site (which are configured as subfolders), it says for each one that:
Not Found
The requested URL /<subfolder> was not found on this server.
All the files are there in blogs.dir and their permissions are 775, so they should be readable found.
What else could I have done wrong?


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Patrick Mueller <pmue...@gmail.com>
|Re: Consistent implementation of the whitelist
|Tue, 31 Jan 2012 20:30:30 GMT
On Tue, Jan 31, 2012 at 15:21, Shazron <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > So let's all agree on the structure of the plugins and whitelist in > config.xml (if we all decide to go this route that is). > sounds good! What XML parsers do people use w/node.js? > We could modify the iOS Info.plist during build time, yes - by running > a script post-build (this is part of a project's Build Phase). As much as is possible/reasonable, I'd love to head in this direction - build out platform-specific stuff (iOS .plist's) based on the One True Configuration File™ during "build" stages. -- Patrick Mueller http://muellerware.org
|View raw message


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The Mitsubishi Outlander has been redesigned for 2014. It now features higher-quality materials in the interior and a sleeker-looking exterior. Like the previous generation, the 2014 Outlander can seat five passengers in two rows of seats or seven passengers with the optional third row. However, third-row legroom is so tight that it might be too small for kids.How many car seats fit in the second row? Two
How many car seats fit in the third row? Two booster seats
What We Like
What We Don't
A: Plenty of room for the car seat and the child; doesn't impact driver or front-passenger legroom. Easy to find and connect to Latch and tether anchors. No fit issues involving head restraint or seat contouring. Easy access to the third row.
B: Plenty of room. One fit or connection issue. Some problems accessing third row when available.
C: Marginal room. Two fit or connection issues. Difficult to access third row when available.
D: Insufficient room. Two or more fit or connection issues.
F: Does not fit or is unsafe.
About Cars.com's Car Seat Checks
Editors Jennifer Geiger and Jennifer Newman are certified child safety seat installation technicians.
For the Car Seat Check, we use a Graco SnugRide 30 infant-safety seat, a Britax Roundabout convertible seat and Graco TurboBooster seat. The front seats are adjusted for a 6-foot driver and a 5-foot-8 passenger. The three child seats are installed in the second row. The booster seat sits behind the driver's seat, and the infant and convertible seats are installed behind the front passenger seat.
We also install the forward-facing convertible in the second row's middle seat with the booster and infant seat in the outboard seats to see if three car seats will fit; a child sitting in the booster seat must be able to reach the seat belt buckle. If there's a third row, we install the booster seat and a forward-facing convertible.
Parents should also remember that they can use the Latch system or a seat belt to install a car seat.
Research the 2014 Mitsubishi Outlander
2014 Mitsubishi Outlander Rated IIHS Top Safety Pick Plus
More Car Seat Checks


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Sue's Rhubarb Platz
Total Time
Prep 30 mins
Cook 40 mins
When I moved to Winnipeg over 20 years ago, I adopted a lady from my church as my "Winnipeg Mom". This is her recipe. She was an excellent cook and enjoying baking. This fruit square is really good warm with whipped cream or ice cream, but can also be served cold. Other fruit in season can be used in place of rhubarb and in winter you can used fruit like dried apricots.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 2 cups flour
- 1 cup sugar
- 2 1⁄4 teaspoons baking powder
- 1⁄2 cup butter
- 1 cup milk
- 2 eggs
- 1⁄2 teaspoon almond flavoring
- 4 cups rhubarb, cut in 1/2 pieces
Crumb topping
- 1 cup flour
- 1 cup sugar
- 1⁄3 cup melted butter
- Mix 2 cups flour, 1 cup sugar, baking powder and rub in the butter to make a meal appearance.
- Beat together 1 cup milk, eggs and almond flavoring.
- Mix these two mixtures together.
- May be lumpy.
- Spread into a 10 x 15 inch pan and cover with fruit.
- Mix together the remaining flour, sugar and melted butter.
- Sprinkle crumbs on top of the fruit.
- Bake at 350 deg. for 40 minutes. Do not overbake.
- Cut into 20 squares.
Most Helpful
Very good. Not too tart; not too sweet. Will definitely make this again. Thanks for posting!
A couple of things about this recipe. People in my family who do not like Rhubarb LOVE this recipe. My Mennonite friends say this is the best platz they have ever had. I also sprinkle sliced almonds on top before baking which ties in with the almond flavoring. Every person who has tried this platz wants the recipe. Thanks for sharing!


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design an animated banner
This project received 30 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $93 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Project Description
Need to design an animated banner image. It has Simplified Chinese characters in it.
An urgent task and need to get done in 24 hours.
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
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- Forbes
- The New York Times
- Time
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


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Looking for someone to talk to? Someone who can remain objective, ask the right questions and show you a wise way out of your difficulties? Our experts are professional counselors with extensive internet counseling experience. Thousands of clients have begun to experience change. You too can change your life– talk to an online counselor now.
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call 1-800-784-2433 or 911 and ask for help. If you are outside the US,
look here
to find the support hotline in your country and area.
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text:
Two charged in Jamestown shooting, home invasion
JAMESTOWN, N.Y. -- Two more men face charges in connection with a July 1 home-invasion robbery at 188 Falconer St.
Jamestown police said Levelle D. Jones, 26, and Jacon A. Hicks, 26, were each charged with multiple counts of burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual abuse, criminal sexual act, criminal use of a firearm, criminal possession of a weapon and assault.
Two others -- Jaqwan Martin, 23, and Maqwan Martin, 23 -- were arraigned on July 15 on the same list of charges in connection with the robbery.
Police said one of the men involved in the robbery fired at an officer while fleeing the scene.
Jones and Hicks are being held in the Chautauqua County Jail, each on a $2 million property or $1 million cash bond.


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I've seen your updates saying that WP doesn't let you add a link to templates on the Network Admin page... shame, but nothing you can do about that.
Is there a way to apply a template to a site after it has been created? This could be done destructively (for my own purposes) and would allow me to apply a template to a site that I, as the network admin, created.
Is that something that you would consider putting in?


text:
Accidents and illnesses can happen anytime – even when your regular doctor may not be available. With Mercy Urgent Care, you can walk in without an appointment and get the medical attention you need at a lower cost and with a shorter waiting time than in your local emergency room.
Mercy Urgent Care – River Valley treats patients from age one to adulthood for:
Remember: Urgent care is not a substitute for the ER. If your symptoms are life-threatening, call 911 immediately.


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Web of evil
J.A. Jance
Another Ali Reynolds mystery! Recently fired from her job as TV anchorwomen, Ali Reynolds travels back to Los Angeles for her divorce proceedings. Only to find that her soon to be ex - is missing and later turns up murdered. Suddenly she is his sole hair -- and the number one suspect.
The night angel
by T. Davis and Isabella Bunn
Washington 1834. New owners of a gold mine - an Italian family is now in danger. Rough ex-seaman, John Falconer, is their protector until he leaves to oversee their gold mine. John leaves on a dangerous mission - followed by an assassin. His mission: to take back the mine from the previous owner - and to free as many slaves on the way as possible. He is soon hunted by slave traders as well. A good Christian novel of suspense.
The vigilantes
W.E.B. Griffin
Homicide Sergeant Matthew Payne is assigned a case involving a spike of murders in Philadelphia. All the victims are wanted criminals and are shot and dropped off at police stations across the city.
Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas
James Patterson
Recommended to me as one of two Patterson books that are "different" and must-reads, this one is a great summer read. Taking place in Martha's vineyard, it involves several characters in a love story. One of the main characters- Katie Wilkinson, is given a diary by her boyfriend,(seemingly the love of her life) that she is compelled to read as he gives it to her as he breaks up with her. Thus begins the story written by another character for her cherished baby boy - Nicholas. A sweet love story filled with joy mixed with heartbreak. Not your typical Patterson !


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I like how you kept some runs untimed. Timed training runs really stress me out sometimes.
WG Week 1: Summary: 76 Miles & Hot
We went from arctic tundra winter to hot and humid heat box in the matter of one day. Here in New Jersey we have had rain all week. I don't mind rain but it means flooding as well as the humidity levels being high. It's taken some serious adjusting too.
|11 untimed
|12.5 untimed
|12.5 untimed
|12.5 untimed
|12.5 untimed
|5k Total miles: 15
Monday I ran completely in the state forest. Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday were the exact same route all untimed. I didn't get bored as each run presented difficult challenges. Some days it was pouring rain, some days I was running late and realized I was dumb to run that direction, one I listened to the song fancy on repeat the entire run and Saturday it was sunny. I don't get bored running the same route though and could do that for a while. That being said I'm going to map out some new routes next week and explore new places.
This week was spent acclimating to the heat. I know my paces will slow down for a while and I'm fine with that. First I'm adding an extra day of running in. (Last month I was running 5 days a week, not 6). Adding that day back is going to take some getting used too. I often think about the (stupid) runner I was that ran 7 days a week, every week. For me that resulted in injury (as it probably would now). So I'll probably stay to 6 days a week (maybe a few 7 day run weeks but not for a while).
My goal for the 5k today is to get some speed work in and go from there. I don't know what speed I'm currently at. My last 5k was 19:04 so I would like to be around that if possible. I saw a $20 5k and signed up on a whim.
Other thoughts:
The heat is terrible. It takes time to get adjusted too. Between the heat, humidty and adding an extra day of running I chose not to time my runs. (Which is good because I kept forgetting to charge my watch). I actually am debating adding in some cross training (when my schedule allows).
Next week:
I hope to do roughly the same thing. These next few weeks I'm going to get comfortable with running 6 days a week in the heat. I'm also going to get comfortable with 15 milers. Although I'm running 10-13 miles daily, the extra 2 miles feels a world of a difference right now.
I hope to do a 5k next weekend (I know there are some…I just have to pick one out).
Questions for you:
What is your best "acclimating to the heat" advice?
What was your favorite workout of the week?
12 Comments on "WG Week 1: Summary: 76 Miles & Hot"
The same shift in weather seems to have occurred over here. I don't know what it is in fahrenheit, but it was 25 C here today and that's a 10 degree jump in under a week. The past few days have all been in the 20s and even the early mornings are pretty damn hot for me. I just try to stick to the shade as much as possible and loop back round past my house so I can grab a drink if need be (I leave one out on the porch and no-one has stolen it yet :P). It's really hard to adjust though, as you say.
Hope the 5K went well!
Acclimating to heat advice: whining and the treadmill? Um, kidding (no I'm not) but it really does make a difference when I hydrate like crazy and just.. expect I'm going to be slower than normal.
Favorite workout was my only run of the week, with my friend early on Saturday morning. Best way to start the weekend
I just have to make myself run the Atlanta heat. It's the worst, but nothing better than exhaustion from a decent hot run. You feel like a superwoman! You are an inspiration to me, someday I'll hopefully be within a minute or two as speedy as you are, you are amazing! Your blog gives me ironman training inspiration daily!
My favorite workout of the week are my speed work runs and crossfit. Lifting heavy is such a rush.
acclimating to the heat… i just try to get out as early as in the morning as possible in the summer!
my favorite workout this week was rest. haha jk…probably my tempo run i did down the shore yesterday
I've started running with a hand held water bottle. I've never done marathon training in the summer, so I'm trying to adjust to it. PA weather is just like Jersey, I feel your pain!


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Fable II for PC? "No comment," says Molyneux
Lionhead boss Peter Molyneux has once again refused to confirm or deny the existence of a PC port for Fable II.
When asked by VG247 if we could expect a Windows-based version of the game, he replied with a quick, "No comment".
Rumors of the SKU have been floating about since last year.
Lionhead flat-out denied talk of a PC version in January this year:
"We're not working on a PC version of Fable II," said a Lionhead employee. "If this changes we'll make sure you know about it."
"No comment" is always better than a flat-out "no" any day, we reckon.
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CPAP Masks
Fisher and Paykel
The FlexiFit™ 431 Full Face Mask offers a comfortable alternative to nasal or oral delivery. It incorporates the FlexiFit™ Technology with auto-contouring properties, features an Under-Chin fit and highly contoured Silicone Seal for maximum comfort and stability.
Manufacturer Note: Rx Required
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Content count623
Last visited
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60 Followers
About mr. matt
Profile Information
- Gender Male
- Location United States
Recent Profile Visitors
20140405 Left Cheek No. 5
mr. matt commented on mr. matt's gallery picture in Scar logsThanks for your post. I spread out the four sessions of subcision over five years because I work a full-time job and it took at least one week before the bruising and swelling would subside enough for me to be able to return to work. Also, I've read that the collagen and elastic deposition process could take up to six months, so I wanted to give my skin enough time to heal before the next session. The final reason that I waited was it was $400 per session, so I wanted to save the money between sessions and pay cash for the treatments. While I have enjoyed a tremendous reduction in the appearance of my scarring, my skin is not perfect. All of these treatments (subcision, laser, chemical peels, TCA CROSS, etc.) have really helped to minimize the appearance of my scarring.
john_vegas started following mr. matt
Day Seven Post 25% TCA Peel (06.25.16)
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???Today is Day Seven of my 25% TCA Peel. My forehead, temples, and the bridge of my nose are the only areas that have not fully peeled yet. To help expedite the healing process, I am doing the following: 1) applying cool compresses of white vinegar water (one tablespoon of vinegar to one cup of water) to my face three times a day 2) applying tea bags twice a day to my entire face (the tannic acid is supposed to help with burns) 3) applying hydrocortisone at least three times a day. My cheeks and chin look pretty normal now. Just slightly pink, but nothing that looks out-of-the-ordinary. The good is this: I can begin to see areas where the skin is getting ready to peel. So, I am hopeful that the healing process will continue as normal. I think that my forehead is not healing as quickly this time because I may have applied too much acid and applied it a bit unevenly.
Day Six Post 25% TCA Peel (06.24.16) 9:12 p.m.
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???The only areas that have not peeled so far during this week's peel are: 1) my forehead. It's quite red and brown looking. 2) my temples 3) the bridge of my nose I have been soaking gauze in one cup of cold water and one tablespoon of white vinegar and placing the gauze all over my forehead and cheek areas for about twenty minutes at a time. Then, I am apply aloe vera all over my face and let it dry. Then, I apply hydrocortisone cream all over my face to help reduce the redness/pink color of my skin. Before I go to bed, I will apply some coconut oil, let it soak in, and then add a burn ointment all over my face to keep my skin moist to promote continued healing.
Day Six - 25% TCA Peel - (06.24.16)
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???Today is Day Six of my 25% TCA Peel. The areas of my face that have peel so far include: 1) 95% of my left cheek 2) 80% or more of my right cheek 3) 90% of both jawlines and my chin 4) 70% of my chin and nose The areas that have not peeled yet are still very brown. The areas that have peeled are now pink or reddish in color. One mistake that I made during the initial application of this peel was to remove my goggles and to apply a light layer of acid under my eyes. The result was massive swelling under and around both of my eyes. Hopefully, the swelling will subside before I have to return to work in three days. I applied a hylauronic acid moisturizer on my face to my face this morning and then applied hydrocortisone cream to help reduce the swelling redness of my face. Also, I applied 50 SPF sunscreen all over my face and neck. Throughout the day today, I will be applying cold compresses on my face to help reduce and residual swelling and redness. In terms of results, the best is yet to come as the collagen and elastic fibers begin to generate as a result of the peel. In the photos below, the dark areas on my face are the areas that have not peeled yet.
CoconutRough started following mr. matt
Day Five (06.23.16)
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???Today is the fifth day of my 25% TCA at home peel. Right now, I think that I look my worst. I have a very tight shell of brownish/red skin covering the outer layer of my face and I have swelling around my eyes. Based upon the tightness of my face right now, I would imagine that I am going to continue to peel heavily for the next 48 hours. I have already had small sheets of skin come off, but I expect even larger sheets of dead skin to peel off like a snake over the next two days. I am keeping my face lathered in burn ointment. Last night, I put hydrocortisone cream around my eyes to help with the swelling and used ice packs, too. I've never had this type of swelling around my eyes before, so I am really glad that I am at home and able to heal in the privacy of my own home. I am going stir crazy and I can't wait for this healing process to end, though. I'm ready to be able to go outdoors again and stop being a hermit. I keep reminding myself about how good my skin looks a week after the peeling has subsided, so that keeps my mind in a good place.
Day IV (06.22.16)
mr. matt commented on mr. matt's blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???The skin on my chin near my nose/cheek area is beginning to come off in small sheets. I expect to have the most peeling tomorrow and on Friday.
Today is day four of my 25% TCA peel journey. My face is very brown, tight, and feels as if I have saran wrap or cellophane tape wrapped around my wife. My left and right eyes are swollen and look kind of droopy. It appears that I have aged 20 years or so and my face is beginning to crinkle more and more. Peeling has begun near both side of my nose and at the corners of my mouth and on my chin. Photos are below. I'm growing a bit stir crazy since I have been cooped up in our home for the past four days. I'm keeping my face slathered in burn ointment to help the healing process and I'll probably take another warm shower later today to help with the exfoliation/peeling process.
Today is day four of my 25% TCA peel journey. My face is very brown, tight, and feels as if I have saran wrap or cellophane tape wrapped around my wife. My left and right eyes are swollen and look kind of droopy. It appears that I have aged 20 years or so and my face is beginning to crinkle more and more. Peeling has begun near both side of my nose and at the corners of my mouth and on my chin. Photos are below. I'm growing a bit stir crazy since I have been cooped up in our home for the past four days. I'm keeping my face slathered in burn ointment to help the healing process and I'll probably take another warm shower later today to help with the exfoliation/peeling process.
Day III - 25% TCA Peel (06.21.16) Photos
mr. matt commented on mr. matt's blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???It's nearly 8:00 p.m. on day three of my 25% TCA peel. I just took a warm shower to help with the peeling process and my face is beginning to 'crinkle' around my nose which is a sign that major peeling should start in the next 12-48 hours. My face looks very brown right now and I am ready to shed this old skin. I don't like being cooped up on the house especially when it's summertime and I am on vacation. Hopefully, I will have shed this 'dead skin mask' by Friday and I can get out and about.....
mr. matt changed their profile photo
20150624 Day Five
mr. matt commented on mr. matt's gallery picture in Member pictures
Day III - 25% TCA Peel (06.21.16) Photos
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???My face is becoming progressively tighter and tighter as the day goes on which is a very good sign. As you can see below, my face has turned reddish/brown and it feels as if I am wearing a tight mask or have cellophane tape all over my face. Tomorrow should be the beginning of a two or three days of intense peeling.
Day Three (06/21/2016) 7:31 A.M.
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???When I woke up this morning, I was a bit surprised when I looked in the mirror. Both of my eyes have swollen and my right eye looks a bit droopy today due to all of the swelling. I wore goggles when I applied the acid, but later removed them to apply a thin coat of acid under eyes and on the sides. I didn't dare try to do my eyelids - too risky. My face is pretty swollen, too, and it appears that I am wearing a brown mask on my face. I suspect that peeling will begin either late this evening or sometime tomorrow as the cycle is pretty predictable based upon past peels. More photos to follow later.
My Battle with Acne Scars
mr. matt replied to iZachary's topic in Scar treatmentsIf you have rolling scars, then I can only speak from my own experience that subcision, dermarolling, and chemical peels have truly worked in synch with one another to: 1) greatly reduce the appearance of my scarring 2) greatly improve my skin tone 3) greatly improved my self-confidence I had four laser treatments several years ago and they did absolutely nothing to help my appearance In fact, they were a total waste of money If you have rolling scars, you need to deal with the underlying cause: tethered scar tissue that creates the dimpled look on your skin. Dermarolling/stamping also has helped create collagen in my skin and I have done multiple 25% TCA peels which have also created collagen, elastin, and improved the overall tone of my complexion. Treating acne scars is a difficult and frustrating process because everyone's skin is different. I encourage you to look at a wide variety of options and definitely read people's reviews of the various treatment options.
Day Two (06.20.16) 5:35 P.M.
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???It's evening time and I can feel the skin on my face beginning to tighten. I've lathered my face in burn ointment to help with the healing process. Our youngest son just told me that my face looks like an 'onion' and he can see visible signs of my face tightening because it's beginning to 'crinkle'. I'll take his comments as proof positive that the process is working. Looking forward to seeing what my face looks like tomorrow.
Did TCA Cross ruin my skin? :(
mr. matt replied to superluke77's topic in Scar treatmentsThis is a sound advice. Keeping the wound moist with vasoline/aquaphor will definitely help the healing process. Also, stay out of the sun to avoid any potential hyperpigmentation issues.
Day Two (06.20.16)
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???It's been less than 24 hours since I applied the Jessner's Solution to my neck and the 25% TCA acid to my face. This morning, you can definitely see where I applied the acid to my face there is a clearly defined 'line of demarcation' between the skin treated with the acid (kind of reddish/tan) and the untreated skin (white, normal looking skin. I hope that my neck peels, but I have never used a Jessner's Solution peel, so we shall see how that goes. I am glad that I have done many TCA peels in the past. Otherwise, they are kind of scary because the acid is quite strong and is painful when applied to your face. But, the results have always been worth it for me.
Day One - 25% TCA Peel
mr. matt posted a blog entry in 25% TCA Peel #7 ???At 9:45 p.m. today, I decided to do two separate peels: 1) A Jessner's Peel on my neck I've never done a Jessner peel before, but I read in several places that it is safe to do this type of peel on your neck. I washed my neck thoroughly and then put alcohol on a cotton pad and removed any oil and soap from my neck. I purchased the peel from www.skinobsession.com and I applied three coats on my neck. My skin became red, but it didn't frost. 2) A 25% TCA peel on my face I believe that this is my seventh 25% TCA peel. I washed my face and then applied alcohol on a cotton pad to remove any oil and soap from my face. I put on a shower cap to pull my hair back from my face and put on swimming goggles. You definitely want eye protection with this type of peel. I put on rubber gloves and applied a total of three layers of the 25% acid to my face. My face frosted and I took several photos. It was very painful and I had a fan in our bathroom which I positioned to blow directly on my face. It certainly helped to reduce the pain. I covered my face with burn ointment and I will be sequestered in our home for the next week while my skin peels and heals. Photos to follow.
Man in the Mirror: Pre and Post Subcision Photos
mr. matt replied to mr. matt's topic in Scar treatmentsNo, I have not had any type of fillers yet. I have not ruled them out forever. I don't like them because: 1) they can be really expensive 2) they are temporary I am still dermastamping and I am getting ready to do my annual 25% TCA peel. Both of these procedures have really helped to generate a lot of collagen in my face. . If and when I ever decide to get fillers, I will definitely repost and put a disclaimer on any photos that I might post. Hang in there, everyone, and fight the good fight for better skin. -Matt


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U.S.-Japan Weather Satellite Successfully Launched
A U.S.-Japan satellite that aims to improve storm forecasts was successfully put into orbit Friday morning from the southern Japanese island of Tanegashima.
A Japanese H-IIA rocket carrying the satellite lifted off at 3:37 a.m. Friday Japan time from the Tanegashima Space Center, and 15 minutes later, the satellite separated from the rocket and was put on its own orbit. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration said that the solar arrays were deployed successfully and have started providing power to the satellite.
Engineers will check over the next 60 days if all the instruments are functioning properly. NASA said it hopes that the satellite will start feeding accurate and reliable weather information to weather stations and emergency authorities around the world in six months.
As we reported Thursday, the satellite is part of the Global Precipitation Measurement project, which aims to produce near real-time observations of rain and snow anyplace on earth.


text: This (presumably) isn't really a WordPress problem, but I thought I might get a better/quicker response here than elsewhere. I had WP up and working fine with apache_mod_php4 (4.3.6, I believe it was) and mysql 3.23, but then got the bright idea to upgrade mod_php4 to the latest version (126.96.36.199). After doing so and restarting apache, I now get a message from WordPress stating that my php installation appears to be missing the mysql required to run it. I restarted the mysql server, and nothing. I upgraded it to the very latest 3.23, and nothing. Where did I screw up? This is all being done under FreeBSD v4.9, using the ports collection.


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Carroll Leroy Welch
75, of Palmyra
Carroll Leroy Welch, 75, of Palmyra, Missouri, formerly of Hannibal, MO, died at 7:00 a.m. Friday, January 4, 2013.
Private Burial was held, January 7, 2013, at Pleasant Hill Cemetery in Woodland, Missouri.
Memorial services will be held at a later date.
The James O'Donnell Funeral was in charge of the arrangements.
Mr. Welch was born August 8, 1937, in Hannibal, MO to Lawrence and Georgie Breedlove Welch.
Online condolences may be made at www.jamesodonnellfuneralhome.com
Location, ST | website.com


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Keep the Opportunities, Lose the Opportunists
Capitol Hill Critics Second-Guess Agencies Using...
Loss of Lives in Clinical Trials...
Clinical-Style Validation, Regulation, and Quality Control...
ISB will apply systems biology mass spec technology to OriGene's human protein collection. [© Daniel Tackley - Fotolia.com]
OriGene Technologies and the Institute for Systems Biology are pooling their expertise to generate a proteotypic PeptideAtlas and develop a single reaction monitoring, multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) mass spectrometry database for some 5,000 human proteins. The project will apply ISB's systems biology mass spectrometry technology to OriGene's collection of full length human proteins.
SRM/MRM has proved to be an ideal technology for high-throughput proteomics and clinical biomarker research and is now widely applied for biomarker identification and quantification, the organizations state. They maintain that the creation of a proteotypic PeptideAtlas and SRM/MRM standard database will enable quantitative protein analysis and facilitate lab-to-lab data validation.
"The field of proteomics combined with systems biology will push discovery further, but it is essential to validate these discoveries with a large-scale mass spectrometry standard database," notes Leroy Hood, M.D., Ph.D., ISB's president and co-founder. "By providing ISB with access to one of the largest collections of full-length human proteins in the world, this collaboration will rapidly accelerate the validation of ISB's discoveries." Established in 2000, the ISB is a nonprofit research institute dedicated to the study and application of systems biology.
OriGene Technologies is a research tools company focused on the creation of the largest commercial collection of full-length human cDNAs in a standard expression vector. The firm's flagship product is the cDNA clone collection, a searchable gene bank of over 30,000 human full-length TrueClone cDNA collections and over 25,000 TrueORF cDNA clones. The company claims that its TrueORF cDNA clones has also led to creation of the largest offering of full-length human proteins expressed in mammalian cells.
OriGene also offers gene expression products such as the TissueScan cancer qPCR arrays for biomarker discovery and validation. In October 2009, OriGene acquired Marligen Biosciences, which has added nucleic acid purification products and Luminex multiplex detection assays for miRNA and transcription-factor profiling to its portfolio.
More recently, in March the firm completed a $16 million series B financing round to fund continued expansion of its TrueMAB™ monoclonal antibody collection. The ultimate goal of the TruMAB program is to build the largest mAb collection in the world covering the entire human genome of approximately 20,000 genes.
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MDMA (commonly known as the empathogen "ecstasy") is classified as a Schedule 1 drug, which is reserved for compounds with no accepted medical use and a high abuse potential. Two researchers from Stanford, however, call for a rigorous scientific exploration of MDMA's effects to identify precisely how the drug works, the data from which could be used to develop therapeutic compounds.Do you agree that ecstasy should be studied for its potential therapeutic benefits?
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NEWTON, Mass. -- Newton South had 10 days to sit and stew on its heartbreaking overtime loss to Central Catholic in the last game of the regular season, which wiped away the Lions' perfect record.
But the host No. 3 Lions (20-1) channeled those emotions into a blistering first half from the perimeter to drop No. 19 Brockton, 67-53, in the first round of the Division 1 South tournament on Wednesday night.
Sophie Bikofsky scored 20 of her game-high 23 points in the first half, while the Lions shot an efficient 57 percent (12-of-21) from behind the three-point line in the first 16 minutes of the game. They sizzled in the second half, going 2 for 13 from deep, but still finished 41 percent on three's.
"We had a pretty good shooting performance behind the 3 in the first half," said Bikofsky, who finished 5-of-11 from deep. "I think everybody did. We were taught to look for the shooter that is hot, and today it happened to be me in the first half."
Bikofsky helped the Lions build a 16-7 lead in the first four minutes of the game with 11 points in the run. The Lions were able to get shooters in the correct spots and seemed to never have a hand in their face when launching from deep.
As a team, the Lions shot 8-of-11 from beyond the arc and built a 30-14 lead at the end of the first quarter. Bikofsky was perfect from the left corner, a spot she said hasn't really been her sweet spot.
"She ran to the right spots," Lions head coach Sam Doner said. "She actually moved without the ball really well."
Kayla Burton, Kendall Burton and Semira Haghayeghi all added three's in the second quarter, and Bifosky's traditional three-point play capped off the half and an 18-point lead.
But halftime could have been the worse thing that happened to the Lions. The home team came out of the break ice cold in the third quarter, only scoring five points, while the Boxers (11-11) slowly started clawing back into the game.
The Boxers held the Lions scoreless over for the last four minutes of the quarter and went on a 7-0 run in the process. Brockton was able to hold the Lions without a 3-pointer in the quarter by closing out on shooters, and snatching offensive rebounds against a frontcourt that is missing starting center Julia Sloan-Cullen.
"We were playing for pride at that point," Boxers head coach Eric DiBiase said.
Christina McDuffy's offensive rebound and put back got the Boxers to within nine at the end of the third quarter, but Kayla Burton scored nine straight points for the Lions to push the lead back to 16 with 5:04 left in the game.
Doner spent a little extra time in the locker room trying to grab the attention of a talented Lions squad that is still learning to play without size in the middle. The head noted that sometime overconfidence can plague his team at times.
"(Brockton) started making their shots and we started walking," said Doner. "I didn't do a good job of getting them back and making them feel better about themselves and getting their confidence back."
Brockton was led by Nephie Marsh's 15 points, while Alicia Rosario canned four 3-pointers as part of a 14-point effort off the bench.


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Research Reveals Little Calcium in Bone BrothThe Naughty Nutritionist
by Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, The Naughty Nutritionist™
Is there as much calcium in a cup of bone broth as in a cup of milk? Many people in the Real Food community seem to think so.
The hard truth is that the calcium content of homemade bone broth doesn't even come close. The good news is that broth still lives up to its bone-building reputation, just not for the reason most people have assumed.
It makes logical sense that bone broth would be an excellent source of calcium. After all, about fifty percent of bones consist of minerals, with the largest store by far being calcium phosphate, a combination of calcium and phosphorous arranged in a formation called hydroxyapatite. Bone also contains small amounts of magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur and other trace minerals.
Even so, only small amounts of these minerals end up in the broth, even when properly made with vinegar or wine to help pull them from the bones.
The most thorough study of this topic occurred in 1934 when McCance, Sheldon and Whittleson of King's College Hospital in London reported in Archives of Disease in Childhood that the calcium content of several types of bone broth at just 5.2 to 28.6 mg per 100cc (12.30 to 67.7 mg per cup). The researchers compared this to 119 to 128 mg calcium per 100 cc (281 to 303 mg per cup) in cow's milk. The researchers reported the highest levels of calcium in the broths prepared with vegetables.
Recent USDA figures for brand-name canned broths sold at supermarkets show calcium at just 14 mg per cup (1.4% of the RDA) for beef and 9 mg (0.9% of the RDA) per cup for chicken. By comparison, USDA reports 291.0 mg of calcium per cup for whole milk.
While it is easy to dismiss these figures as what's to be expected from the poor quality of broth found in commercial products, low calcium levels were also reported by Saffron Road and Flavor Chef Broths, two excellent brands sold in health food stores. The Nutrition Facts labels reported on their labels are 0 percent and 4 percent of the RDA, respectively, per cup of the RDA for calcium.
Sally Fallon Morell, President of the Weston A. Price Foundation and I found this so unbelievable that we decided more testing was warranted before completing Nourishing Broth: An Old-Fashioned Remedy for the Modern World (Grand Central Life & Style, September 2014).
The reports that came in from Covance Laboratories in Madison, Wisconsin, were much the same. Broth prepared by Kim Schuette of Biodynamic Wellness of Solana Beach, California, showed low levels of calcium at 2.31 mg per cup (from a whole chicken plus two feet but not vegetables), while broth from Lance Roll of Flavor Chef showed 6.14 mg per cup (from broth made with bones and vegetables).
Don't Drink Bone Broth for Calcium
The inescapable conclusion is not much calcium ends up in the broth, even when the bones are cooked long enough to have softened and begun to dissolve. As the King's College research team found back in 1934 and we confirmed as part of the analysis for the book Nourishing Broth, the best way to increase the calcium content of bone broth is to include calcium-rich vegetables while making the broth. Adding milk or cream to the broth to make cream soups or chowders would most appreciably increase the calcium content.
How Does Bone Broth Support Bone Health Despite Low Calcium Content?
Upon hearing that bone broth supports bone health despite its low calcium content, most people conclude that its minerals must be exceptionally bio-available and thus easily digested, assimilated and utilized in the body. Given that "like feeds like" we might also assume the minerals are present in optimum ratios for bone building. In contrast, bone-building supplements are often formulated with high levels of hard-to-absorb forms of calcium and without full complements of bone-building trace minerals. Bone, after all, is not built on calcium alone. In fact bone is built on a scaffold of collagen, making collagen the most important bone building component in broth.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, constituting between 25 and 35 percent of the body's total protein, and needed for building healthy bones, cartilage, skin, arteries, corneas, placentas and just about every other structure in the body. Collagen production in the body slows down age and ill health, causing skin, joints and bones to become drier, less pliant, thinner and weaker. Think sagging skin, creaky joints and the brittle bones of osteoporosis.
Human bones contain anywhere from 50 to 70 percent mineral and 20 to 40 percent collagen, with collagen fibrils providing the structure. Properly made bone broth is rich in collagen not only from the bones but also from attached skin and cartilage. Although collagen's giant triple-helix proteins "denature" — which is to say break down — during cooking, we end up with plenty of the glycine, proline and other amino acids needed to manufacture our own collagen. Proline and glycine are the keys to tensile strength, resilience and water-holding capacity of healthy collagen. Although both are considered "non essential" amino acids, most people cannot manufacture enough and benefit greatly from broth and other proline and glycine rich foods. Accordingly, many top researchers believe these amino acids should be considered "conditionally essential."
To build good bone we need collagen above all. The basic building blocks of bone are collagen fibrils that form a latticework for deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals. The collagen cross-links are more important for whole bone strength and fracture resistance than mineral levels and patterns. Indeed, some people have bones thick with calcium and other minerals that are weak and crack under tension like unreinforced concrete.
Diabetics, for example, may suffer from poor bones, not because of low mineral density but because their collagen is damaged by the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) created when blood sugar levels are chronically high. While this is most apparent in diabetics, anyone suffering from blood sugar problems such as hypoglycemia, insulin resistance and Metabolic Syndrome will have AGEs contributing to osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Most published collagen studies have focused on osteoarthritis, but Milan Adam, DSci, of the Institute of Rheumatism Research in Prague (1928-2008) studied 120 osteoporosis patients over a period of three years and published his research in Therapiewoche in 1991. He treated half with calcium and half with collagen hydrolysate. Loss of collagen and bone mass as seen in bone-breakdown products were significantly lower in the collagen hydrolysate group than in the calcium group. Best of all, collagen hydrolysate reduced the likelihood of bone fractures significantly. Collagen hydrolysate is a gelatin product that is readily soluble in water, making it easy to use as a food supplement and in food manufacture. It does not gel at normal temperatures and has little effect on the taste, smell or "mouth feel" of foods.
In 1996, Dr. Adam published a second study in Therapiewoche involving 108 post-menopausal women with osteoporosis and bone mineral density lower than 80 percent. He reported collagen hydrolysate enhanced and prolonged the beneficial effects of calcitonin and improved overall markers of bone metabolism. Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid that has the effect of lowering blood calcium.
In October 2000 Roland Moskowitz, MD, of Case Western Reserve University, reported his success with collagen hydrolysate for both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis in Seminars on Arthritis and Rheumatism He too found calcitonin plus collagen hydrolysate inhibited bone collagen breakdown better than calcitonin alone, making it "of interest as a therapeutic agent of potential utility in the treatment of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Its high level of safety makes it attractive as an agent for long-term use in these chronic disorders."
More research is clearly needed, but with osteoporosis a threat for 200 million people worldwide and forty-four million American men and women over the age of fifty, these findings on collagen are certainly promising.
What to Do Now?
For years, osteoporosis prevention relied on calcium alone. That has proven problematic for multiple reasons, including the fact that booming calcium supplement sales have resulted in marginal results at best. What's more, recent news headlines in the New York Times and other major publications have warned against calcium supplements for reasons ranging from pain from kidney stones to death by heart attacks and stroke caused by calcification of the arteries and heart valves.
The problems of these studies — or the headlines summing them up — are legion, starting with the failure to differentiate between forms of calcium that are bioavailable to the body and the cheap, hard-to-absorb calcium carbonate form commonly found in mass-produced supplements. Most people do poorly eating limestone after all. The human body was also never designed for isolated minerals alone. Finally, supplement failure and/or unwanted side effects are far more likely to occur with participants experiencing digestive disturbances, acid/alkaline imbalances, and other vitamin, mineral, fatty acid and amino acid deficiencies.
More recently the focus for osteoporosis prevention has shifted to massive doses of Vitamin D plus calcium, perhaps with a complement of trace minerals. That's clearly a better approach, but the fixation on Vitamin D fails to consider the need for a right balance with Vitamins A and K not only for bone building but for overall health. Although Vitamin K and collagen have started showing up in better quality supplements, Vitamin A remains underappreciated with most of the functional medicine crowd and is tends to be left out of the mix.
Experts will probably argue about the inconsistent and often contradictory literature on calcium and other supplements for bone health for years to come. There's little arguing though about the importance of obtaining calcium from food. Quite simply, excessive intake is unlikely to be a problem, although the value of modern pasteurized, homogenized and fractionated dairy products has been called into question.
What's the Takeaway?
If we look back at the diets of traditional people who retained strong, flexible bones throughout long and productive lives, it's apparent the answer lies in "nose to tail" eating with variety of nourishing real foods.
Traditional peoples did not rely on pills, powders and potions. While it's fortunate that modern science supports bone building with food-based collagen hydrolysate and gelatin products (sources) — and these can be useful adjuncts to a real foods diet — the better–and tastier–solution is still daily bowls of nourishing broth.
About the Author
Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN, is is known as The Naughty Nutritionist™ because of her ability to outrageously and humorously debunk nutritional myths.
She is coauthor with Sally Fallon Morell of the book Nourishing Broth: An Old-Fashioned Remedy for the Modern World (Grand Central Life and Style, September 2014). Her book The Whole Soy Story: The Dark Side of America's Favorite Health Food (2005), has been endorsed by leading health experts, including Drs. Russell Blaylock, David Brownstein, Larry Dossey, Nicholas Gonzalez, Joseph Mercola, Kilmer McCully, Doris J. Rapp, JJ Virgin, and Jonathan Wright.
As a nutritionist, Dr. Daniel works with privately with clients all over the United States, offering whole solutions for healthy aging, cognitive enhancement, digestive disorders, reproductive health issues, infertility and recovery from soy and vegetarian diets.
Subscribe to Dr. Kaayla's Naughty Edge newsletter at her website www.drkaayladaniel.com and join her on Facebook at www.facebook.com/DrKaaylaDaniel
Subscribe today and gain access to my exclusive & FREE weekly newsletter packed with the latest health news, Real Food recipes, video how-to's, special discounts and much more!
Comments (79)
Hello Dr Daniels. The author states 4th paragraph ("How Does Bone Broth Support Bone Health…") – "The collagen cross-links are more important for whole bone strength and fracture resistance than mineral levels and PATTERNS". Are we talking about mathematical patterns? What does patterns mean? What kind of patterns?
Does it make any difference to the bone broth's nutrition values using traditional cooking pots on a stove and using a pressure cooker?
What is missing from this discussion is the bioavailability of the calcium. You can only absorb 32% of the calcium in milk and dairy products, which is very low! I don't know how much you can absorb from bone broth but I expect it is much higher. I found a great page with tables comparing the amounts and bioavailability of different calcium sources paleoleap.com/calcium/
Dorothy Barak
Not all bone broth is created equal. Our Broth Masters at The Broth of Life created a bone broth with 260mg (25%RDA) of calcium per 8ozs. The USDA actually gave us permission to add "Calcium Rich" to our packaging, add to that the fact that its a soluble calcium and has may other nutrients. you get a powerful broth.
QUESTION: So bone broth isn't full of calcium, but what if your EATING THE BONES in addition to the broth? I boil mine for a couple days and the bones just crunch up and I eat it. Is there any scientific information for eating the bones themselves?
My 88 yo dad is on dialysis and his blood count is low. I'm wondering about the amount of phosphorus in bone broth as phosphorus is not removed from the blood by dialysis
This is what I would like to know too. Did you ever find out?
I have started my 4 month old baby on the bone broth liver formula. Is it still considered healthy for growth of a infant that is allergic to milk with low calcium?
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Yes, it is fine. It is certainly a far better choice than hormone disrupting soy formulas!
I severely doubt it has little calcium! I don't have studies to prove it, but I've read stories from people who have said that they were able to regrow their teeth just by consuming bone broth: thenourishinggourmet.com/2013/02/my-story-about-healing-my-teeth.html
It's not calcium content that makes bone broth so good at tooth and bone rehab. If you want hard science, Chef Lance Roll (aka The Flavor Chef) had his broths analyzed by a lab – see for yourself at https://www.bonebroth.com/lab-analysis/; click on "Certificate of Analysis".
The analysis actually comes up nil for calcium. But, as the author pointed out above, bone and tooth formation are the result of a complex array of substances working together (and sometimes against each other, if the chemistry is wrong – for example, if protein intake is too high). Trace minerals are compounds that we need and use in small quantities, but those small quantities are critical. Bone broth supplies some of those nutrients, helping the body to regulate its calcium use better. When it comes to bone broth, its effectiveness isn't about the calcium content, but rather about the auxiliary nutrients.
So, does this mean we need another source of calcium for liver-based infant formulas? If so, what do you recommend?
Can someone comment here on how much is safe for one to drink of say beef broth on a daily basis? Thanks!
Sarah TheHealthyHomeEconomist
A small cup with each meal would be ideal.
Do you have a reference list for this article? It's very informative, but I'd like to read the actual studies
I honestly didn't notice she didn't cite any references! Also, to the author: The 1st study you list was done over 70 years ago….Could you link to how exactly they tested for the calcium content? And for the USDA figures, could you also link to what forms of calcium they were testing for?
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If most of the minerals are leached, we could be getting grams of calcium per serving and the bones will shrink. We don't want to take too much calcium because it can go to the wrong places like our soft tissues. When I made chicken broth, the bones became brittle because the collagen has been removed.
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One more question. Which gelatin should I get? Great Lakes Gelatin (Red) or Collagen Hydrolysate(green)? I read, "Collagen hydrolysate is more quickly assimilated into the body than regular gelatin, and greatly improves hydration to the connective tissues. It also higher amounts of the amino acids glycine, lysine, and proline, which are particularly beneficial to cell growth and reproduction." at http://butterbeliever.com/choosing-gelatin-powder/
Green one is a little more expensive than the regular, red one. Is it worth it?
I appreciate your help!
I bought Great Lakes Unflavored Gelatin that you recommended, because making broth is too much work for me (with small children at home) right now. How much should I take a day? Thank you!
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Great information! I've been making bone broth for about a year and the last time I made it, I threw in a chopped up organic beet that was drying out a bit. It was the most beautiful colored broth and it tasted so delicious! I also added turmeric, celery, onions, garlic and carrots. Thank you for all the great info!
Kristi Masih via Facebook
Brittnay, use a pressure cooker! The results are great and it's so much faster. Also, HHE would say to skip the raw kale –it should be cooked. I'm sure she has a post on it that you can find.
Maurice Douglas via Facebook
That's wonderful Clementine Cuppen! Everything you're doing for your health, keep doing it!
Cindy Ann Snyman-Biccard via Facebook
Brittnay, try Wellness Mama – I use her recipes!
Brittnay Rene Rigdon via Facebook
Anyone have a link on how to properly make bone broth? I know that sounds silly but from what I'm reading it is a little more complex than just boiling a whole chicken. How long should we boil it? And what are good veggies to add that are high in calcium? Isn't kale high in calcium? I eat that every day in my salads and smoothies!
Clementine Cuppen via Facebook
Sometimes being poor is an asset, I have found. I/we have never had much money and feeding my babies meat was (and still is even though they are adults now) difficult. So I bought cheap chickens from the chicken farm, put the whole thing in a pot with water to cover, added some veges/onions/seasonings and let it simmer until the chicken was tender. I made soup, sauces and other dishes with the broth and added the chicken-in pieces- to whatever the dish of the day was. I am 64yrs.old and have no wrinkles. My bones are strong. My children also have good skin and bones. I blame it on the chicken stock made from fresh whole chickens, and other meat bones. It is also many more times delicious than anything store bought and not a whole lot of work.
Pamela J. Betz-Baron via Facebook
I boil the bones, then put in some apple cider vinegar, let it sit for an hour, then simmer the broth for 24 hrs. Very often, the chicken bones can easily be chewed up after that.
Carma L Coleman via Facebook
Side Question: What dishes do you use? I love the one pictured here. I'm looking for a lead-free company who makes good dishes (not the ones that chip).
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My wife makes lovely bone broth and she makes it in a large pot when she does because she wants to make hours of cooking go far. It is hard not to agree with your conclusions. I have a few friends who are addicted to supplemental drags and they can swear by them. But I am not a believer of them especially the ones you can buy over the counter. They always have some sort of side affects on me.
Katie R.
Great article with actual facts and logic being used, always nice to see! lol I wonder how much calcium would come out from add egg shells? I haven't made a bone broth in probably a year I should get around to that soon.
Do you think this is connected with the recent studies that bone broth is low in lead? Chris Kresser wrote about this a few months ago. I suppose it is a good thing if there isn't much calcium, as we're not getting the lead along with it from the bones.
lora jo
I simmer chicken drum sticks and thigh bones for 24 hours in a slow cooker and drink the broth and eat the very chewable bones. While the broth may not have much calcium, shouldn't there be a lot of calcium in the bones I eat?
I called the company you recommend for gelatin and asked about how they raise their animals and it didn't sound good. They could NOT tell me they were raised outdoors in the sun and on grass. Just thought you might want to know. Maybe there's a better brand out there.
Jean | DelightfulRepast.com
I never thought of bone broth as a source of calcium, but this post contained so much other useful information as well. So far so good in the bone density department, but I still like to pay attention to all ideas for preserving bone mass.
How does one obtain bone broth? Just from beef/chicken bones simmered? So what is beef tallow then?
Buy a pressure cooker
Put raw bones in it, either femur bones from a butcher, or a storebought whole chicken but remove the gizzard first.
Fill with Distilled water until the bones are completely submerged at least 1 inch from bone to water surface.
Seal pressure cooker, set on high flame.
When pressure cooker begins to blast steam, turn down flame repeatedly and observe how much weaker and quieter the steam blast becomes.
The ideal flame level is how low you can go before the steam stops blasting and starts sputtering, sputtering is bad, spittering is thd transition point, you want to be just above sputtering with an even flow of steam.
The pressure cooker must steam for 3 hours continuously as a minimum, with 6 to 9 hours being subjectively optimal as it supposed to produce a sweeter flavor as more proteins break down with the steady heat over time.
Cool the pressure cooker by spraying it with water until the steam stops then set the pressure cooker in water to rapidly bring it down to safe handleable tempuratures.
Immediately store the broth in a seperate sterilized container into the refrigerator. I use a funnel into emptied distilled water jugs which are guaranteed to be sterilized.
I drink lots of broth and don't drink milk (although I do eat yogurt) and my dentist has told me that if I keep up whatever I'm doing, I will have all my teeth till the day I die.
I love eating broccoli, homemade sauerkraut and salmon. All rich in calcium!
I'll second some of the other questions – what do you do if you can't handle dairy? I've been trying my daughter on ghee and she is breaking out/getting rashy in a few spots so I'm going to have to take it out. I've had her on broth/stock since she was 6 months but she's almost 18 mo now with dairy still not an option. What veggies do I add to the stock and is there something else I should be adding to her diet (she gets constipated w/ cooked spinach)? I have a lot of health issues too so I've never added anything to my broth to keep food sensitivities from being a problem.
You give her or him coconut milk or oil.
Great unbiased article! It just goes to show that focusing on one nutrient/mineral is not what our body needs for health.
Synchronicity rules!
Especially when we can clearly see how traditional cooking/food sources kept our systems functioning for survival.
I love the gelatin/collagan of bone broths; that make soup stick to your teeth!
The best bone broth I obtained is from beef oxtail – I make a killer borscht with them!
Always a good read, thanks.
I've always added egg shells from pastured birds to my stock to help boost calcium levels.
Becky Nicklas via Facebook
Bone broth is the only thing I'll use to make my soups/stews/etc. I have not used a canned or boxed broth in about 3 years now. I think actual bone broth smells awful while it's cooking…but I absolutely love the taste. And if I feel a cold/flu coming on, I try to just drink mostly broth, as my body fights off the crud.
Still questioning the promotion of collagen hydrolysate because of the extreme unnatural process that is gone through to produce it. Seems out of sinc with the traditional ways.
Dr. Kaayla Daniel
We are promoting homemade bone broth. Because we don't have research studies on broth and osteoporosis, the collagen hydrolysate studies are the best evidence we have for broth supporting bone building. In terms of broth itself, we also have several testimonies in our book "Nourishing Broth" from people whose bone density tests improved greatly after increasing their broth consumption to about 3 cups a day. Collagen hydrolysate is obviously not a traditional product but many people report benefits from taking it, and I do recommend it or gelatin (which does have a longer history behind it) for people who have not yet developed the broth-making habit.
Karen K
I started consuming Great Lakes gelatin.I also was drinking bone broth I made at home. I went in for a bone density test and my bones increased in density all over. The technician wanted to know what I was doing.I hadn't been exercising because of a slight injury. I know it was one or both of these things.
If you get the gelatin powder in the green can, you can use it in your coffee, cereal, soup, cottage cheese, etc. without it turning into gelatin. The orange can powder turns in to gelatin like jello, The red can is good for baking.
Pamela Schoenfeld
Hi Karen,
Would you mind sharing your age and your pre-gelatin and post-gelatin DEXA scores? Which of the great lakes products are you mainly using – all 3?
About how much bone broth do you drink per day? Chicken or beef or other?
Have you added or changed your diet or supplementation program in any other way?
Sorry to be such a bother but I do see many women who have osteoporosis or osteopenia diagnosis and they want to know what they can do besides the drugs – so few studies out there that really support alternative approaches.
Great article. It really clarifies so many widely held misconceptions about bone broth and calcium. Thanks for this very informative and well written post, I enjoyed reading it!
Peggy Ressler via Facebook
Excellent article. Thank you!
Sarah Pickledkitchen via Facebook
Right on Hannah! I will try it. Thanks for the SCOBY btw. I've been brewing batches and batches. Love it!
"Collagen production in the body slows down age and ill health, causing skin, joints and bones to become drier, less pliant, thinner and weaker. Think sagging skin, creaky joints and the brittle bones of osteoporosis."
Sorry but am I misreading the above statement quoted from the article? Sounds like collagen causes these problems(?). Otherwise great article! Looking forward to the book.
I think it says the slowing down of collagen production causes these problems.
I think the problem is that a word has been left out: "Collagen production in the body slows down WITH age and ill health…".
Dr. Kaayla Daniel
Thanks, I did accidentally leave the word "with" out. Yes, the sentence should have read "Collagen production slows down with age and ill health, causing skin, joints and bones to become drier, less pliant, thinner and weaker. Think sagging skin, creaky joints and the brittle bones of osteoporosis." –
I have some bone broth simmering as I am reading this. My frustration is that I cannot take much dairy. Even though we have always consumed raw, organic, grass-fed dairy. I keep trying it out and every time I get pretty severe aching in my joints. Once I stop the dairy it takes a few weeks for my joints to stop aching. I have tried this cycle about 3 times. So I do use the Salus Cal/Mag liquid. Sighhhh!!!!
I am looking forward to your book as well. Thanks for this well written, informative article.
Allyona Sevanesian via Facebook
Omg!!!!!! Lol…u have to call me
Juliana Oushana via Facebook
Allyona Sevanesian here is what we were kind of talking about and what ur mom said. Xo
Feanne Hontiveros Mauricio via Facebook
What are good calcium-rich veggies? If they are oxalic acid containing veggies like spinach though, does that mean we steam them first and then add to the broth?
Dr. Kaayla Daniel
Most of us make bone broth with the traditional mix of carrots, onions and celery known as "mirepoix." It improves the flavor and the nutritional content. As we mentioned, the bone broths tested with these vegetables showed slightly higher calcium content. USDA figures suggest calcium content per cup of these vegetables raw at 48 mg for celery, 43 mg for carrots and 32 mg for onion. That, of course, suggests how much the calcium would increase for the entire batch, of course, not per the cup of the broth you would drink.
I would not recommend making broth with broccoli, kale or spinach as the flavor gets rather nasty. However, we can use broth as the basis for various soup recipes that might include these vegetables. I particularly enjoy kale as part of lentil and other bean soups that I make using ham hocks.
I learned something new today (and I stand corrected)! Can you recommend good calcium-rich veggies to include in bone broth? I was thinking moringa and spinach but these have oxalic acid right, so they should be lightly steamed first and then added to the broth?
Kristen M. Barnhart via Facebook
Christine Quinn, interesting!
Pamela Millhuff Benjamin via Facebook
Great Article!!!
Eric Samuelson via Facebook
Simmered meat liquids are broth. Simmered bone liquids are STOCK. Fussy chef here. Love your page!
True, but let's not split tibias. Lots of trad foodies like to make a blend of meat broth and bone stock. Shall we call it brock? Stoth? Either way, it's darn good stuff.
Dr. Kaayla Daniel
Purists insist on differences between stock and broth, but no one seems to agree on what those differences are. It varies from country to country and cookbook author to cookbook author. We're hoping you'll cook plenty whatever you choose to call it!
Do self-respecting chefs ever make brock/stoth with both bone and meat present? If so, what is it called?
Stephanie Sumitra via Facebook
Magnesium is needed for strong bones and most people are deficient in magnesium not calcium
Stephanie Sumitra via Facebook
Most people have more than enough calcium in their diets anyway.
Dr. Kaayla Daniel
Everyone's different. Some people get too much calcium, some too little, some cannot absorb their calcium well. It's certainly true, as you say, that more people are deficient in magnesium than calcium but some people are now overdosing that as well. We need many minerals in right balance.
Sarah Pickledkitchen via Facebook
Great article. Would 14+ day brewed Kombucha be a good thing to add to broth?
Attracta Duffy via Facebook
Linda Duffy, u should try this…
Tracy Beteta via Facebook
This was a good article for those who are new to drinking bone broth. However, I never thought that there was that much calcium in the broth. I always thought it was about the other nutrients and the collagen in the broth that helped to 'nourish' my body.
Fascinating! I look forward to reading your new book, Nourishing Broth, when it's released later this year. Now if you'll excuse me, I have to go thaw some packs of chicken feet and bones to make a collagen-rich broth…


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More than 100 beers from about 25 breweries will attend the first Craft Bier Fest in Vienna. I will probably attend at Friday and Sunday so if anyone wants to meet, please send me a message.
Geiserich, 5/14/2014
The complete beerlist can be found here: http://www.craftbierfest.at/?page_id=118 See you next weekend! Cheers!
Monsta112, 5/11/2014


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After defeating the Milwaukee Brewers in a hard-fought five-game series that determined the champion of the American League's Eastern Division, the Yankees went on to face the Oakland Athletics for the A.L. pennant. While New York struggled to get by Milwaukee in the Eastern Division Playoff Series, Oakland had no such problems emerging victorious in the West.
Oakland advanced to the A.L. West Division Playoff Series by compiling the league's best record prior to the players' strike that halted play for two months. Playing an aggressive style of baseball that became known as Billy-ball, the Athletics posted a mark of 37-23 under manager Billy Martin prior to the play stoppage. They then went 27-22 after play resumed, finishing a close second in the division to the Kansas City Royals. Oakland's overall record of 64-45 ended up being the top mark in the American League. The Athletics then quickly disposed of the Royals in the Divisional Playoff Series, sweeping them in three games by a combined margin of 10-2.
Oakland finished fifth in the American League in runs scored over the course of the regular season, with a total of 458. But the A's topped the junior circuit with 104 home runs, and they placed fourth in the league with 98 stolen bases, helping to conceal the fact that they finished just 12th in the league in both team batting average (.247) and on-base percentage (.312). Outfielders Tony Armas and Rickey Henderson were the team's primary offensive threats. Although Armas led the league with 115 strikeouts, batted just .261, and compiled an on-base percentage of only .294, he led the American League with 22 home runs and placed second in the circuit with 76 runs batted in, en route to earning a fourth-place finish in the MVP voting. Henderson placed second to Rollie Fingers in the MVP balloting by batting .319 and leading the league with 89 runs scored, 135 hits, and 56 stolen bases.
It was on the mound that the Athletics truly excelled. They finished second in the league to the Yankees with a team ERA of 3.30, and their rotation featured four, good young starters. Steve McCatty led the staff with a record of 14-7 and an ERA of 2.33, and he threw 16 complete games. Rick Langford won 12 games, compiled a 2.99 ERA, tossed 195 innings, and led the league with 18 complete games. Mike Norris and Matt Keough combined to win 22 games and complete 22 of their starts.
With the Yankees having finished just 11th in the American League in runs scored during the regular season, the Athletics appeared to have a distinct advantage on offense heading into their ALCS showdown. However, New York's league-leading 2.90 team ERA and superior bullpen seemed to give the Yankees the edge in pitching.
The ALCS opened up in New York, with Tommy John opposing Mike Norris on the mound. The Yankees scored three runs in the bottom of the first inning on a bases-loaded double by Graig Nettles, before Norris settled down to keep New York off the scoreboard the rest of the way. Meanwhile, John limited the A's to just one run on six hits in six innings of work, before turning the ball over to the Yankee bullpen, which worked three hitless innings. The 3-1 victory gave New York a 1-0 Series lead.
A seven-run outburst in the fourth inning of Game Two enabled New York to cruise to a 13-3 victory. Lou Piniella and Graig Nettles both hit three-run homers, and, working in relief of Rudy May, George Frazier held the A's scoreless over the final five frames.
Game Three in Oakland remained close until the ninth inning. New York held a slim 1-0 lead heading into the final frame, with the game's only run scoring on a Willie Randolph home run off Oakland starter Matt Keough. But Graig Nettles blew the contest wide open in the top of the ninth by delivering his second bases-clearing double of the series. As it turned out, the Yankees didn't really need the extra runs, since Dave Righetti, Ron Davis, and Goose Gossage shut out Oakland on only five hits. The 4-0 victory gave the Yankees a 3-0 series sweep, sending them to the World Series for the first time in three years.
During the lopsided affair, New York ended up outscoring Oakland by a combined margin of 20-4. The Yankees compiled a .336 team batting average, as opposed to the mark of .222 the A's posted. Although shortstop Larry Milbourne (.462) and centerfielder Jerry Mumphrey (.500) also excelled for New York, Graig Nettles did most of the damage, earning series MVP honors by hitting a homer, knocking in nine of his team's 20 runs, and batting .500.By Bob_Cohen
- Tagged:
- 1981 ALCS, Billy Martin, Dave Righetti, Dave Winfield, George Frazier, Graig Nettles, Jerry Mumphrey, Larry Milbourne, Lou Piniella, Matt Keough, Mike Norris, New York Yankees, Oakland Athletics, Reggie Jackson, Rich Gossage, Rick Cerone, Rick Langford, Rickey Henderson, Ron Davis, Ron Guidry, Rudy May, Steve McCatty, Tommy John, Tony Armas, Willie Randolph
Be respectful, keep it clean.


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Walter and Edythe were friends and neighbors. I knew them and Mick and Edee Mann. LDS records show Edythe Shelby Mann born in Randolph, Utah in 1908. Her death was in Feb. 1991 in Ogden, Utah and her burial is in Missouls, Montana. --- Walter E. Mann born in Randolph, Utah in 1902. Edythe and Walter were married in 1927 in Randolph, Utah also according to LDS records accessed, by me, in Feb. 2006. Records do not list a date of death for Walter Mann.
at Photo: John R. Shupe home, Ogden / Weber, Utah USA
Tracy Andersen I am Walter & Edythe's great grandchild. I know that he died in 1990. I will check in his gravestone.
Apr 19, 2009 · Reply


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Hot Topics in Practice
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Today's Apps Gone Free: Posts, Dots, McBank And More
Today's AGF list includes a social networking app, an art creation app, and a puzzle game.
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Gain Without Pain
If you're not a big fan of housework now, you will be really cranky if you pull something. No one advises doing elaborate stretches before you start cleaning house, but there are right and wrong ways to do things:
- When you vacuum, use your legs, Findley advises. "Most people vacuum using their arms and shoulders. That is hard on the neck and upper back. Instead of standing in one place and pushing the vacuum around, walk from one end of the room to the other, then start a second 'row,' like mowing a lawn."
- Mop with your hand on top of the handle. This keeps your back straight, Findley points out. Also, make sure you get a mop that extends to suit your height. For those with carpal tunnel syndrome, some mops come with handgrips.
- Use your legs to mop, as well. Put one leg in front of the other and lunge on each stroke.
- Never lift anything by leaning over! Bend your knees instead. Never lean over to clean a toilet, either, Findley says. "Squat or kneel on one knee."
What You Will Burn
Not everyone is convinced that chores will do much to help you shape up. Gabe Mirkin, MD, the former radio talk-show health expert, cites a British study that showed many women who did heavy housework and slow walking were unfit and overweight, while those who walked 2.5 hours a week were slimmer.
But another study, at the Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas, found that participants who fit more physical activity into their daily routines made long-term fitness gains similar to those made by people who did traditional gym exercises like stair-climbing and jogging.
For its part, the American Heart Association counts housework as moderate exercise. "You'd have to do four hours a day of it if you were training for a marathon," jokes Press.
No one disputes that doing chores can burn calories. How many you burn will depend on your fitness level, your weight, and the time you spend cleaning or gardening. But here are some estimates, based on a person weighing 150 pounds doing 30 minutes of chores:
- General cleaning: 127 calories
- Cooking: 92 calories
- Trimming shrubs: 157 calories
- Laundry: 133 calories
- Vacuuming: 123 calories


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Newt Gingrich Is a Member of Donald Trump's Very Exclusive Golf Club
And he's not bad.
Newt Gingrich is a member of Trump National Golf Club in Northern Virginia. Membership fees are undisclosed, but when Trump took the property over, he promised a "very substantial" increase from the going $75,000 rate.
Gingrich's spokesman, R.C. Hammond, confirmed Newt's golf-playing and membership, but with a strange caveat: "I wouldn't call what Newt does 'golfing.' I would say it is closer to walking with an occasional use of a golf club."
But as it turns out, the Newt can actually golf, at least by the standards of Washington: He was No. 200 on Golf Digest's 2005 list of "Washington's Top 200."