text:
We shouldn't be exposed to dangerous chemicals from food containers. Tell the Food and Drug Administration to withdraw its approvals of thirty ortho-phthalates as additives in food contact articles.
Next year will be crucial for global nuclear non-proliferation efforts and all eyes will be on the United States and Russia to see if the two top atomic powers can reach a deal to reduce their arsenals.Source: Reuters
An op-ed by PSR's Dr. Ira Helfand on how we can acheive a nuclear weapons free world. Dr. Helfand is representing PSR at this year's Nobel Peace Prize ceremony honoring President Obama.Source: CNN
Physicians for Social Responsibility is another group calling for tougher regulations on existing coal-fired power plants, said Dr. Maureen McCue of Iowa City, who is active with that group. "The health impacts of coal are direct, measurable, serious and significant," she said.Source: Globe Gazette (Iowa)
Physicians for Social Responsibility today released a groundbreaking medical report, "Coal's Assault on Human Health," which takes a new look at the devastating impacts of coal on the human body. By examining the impact of coal pollution on the major organ systems of the human body, the report concludes that coal contributes to four of the top five causes of mortality in the U.S. and is responsible for increasing the incidence of major diseases already affecting large portions of the U.S. population.
PSR recognizes the historic significance of House passage on June 26, 2009, of the American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES). For the first time, a branch of Congress has taken responsibility for acting to comprehensively reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Today the Environmental Protection Agency made an endangerment finding regarding the emission of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. The finding, a requirement of the Clean Air Act recently upheld by the Supreme Court, makes it clear that greenhouse gas emissions must be regulated in order to control global warming and protect human health.
The Environmental Protection Agency issued a proposal today finding greenhouse gas emissions pose a danger to the public's health and welfare, a determination that could trigger a series of sweeping regulations affecting everything from vehicles to coal-fired power plants.Source: Washington Post


text:
Jabotinsky, Kisch and Lipsky to Go to London on Wailing Wall Question
An impressive scene was enacted at the Zionist Congress in session here today when the delegates adopted, by a rising vote, a resolution introduced by the Political Committee dealing with the Wailing Wall question. Nahum Sokolow, in behalf of the Executive, accepted the resolution. The resolution called for the despatch of a special commission to… More ▸

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Most individuals can benefit from taking a daily multivitamin. This is especially true for post-operative bariatric patients, who face the possibility of certain nutrient deficiencies due to a reduced food intake and decreased absorption of several key micronutrients.* Twinlab Bariatric Support Chewable Multi helps bariatric surgery patients meet their unique nutritional needs with 18 vitamins and minerals, including 100% of the Daily Value for 12 vitamins. Iron deficiency in particular may be a concern for bariatric surgery patients, so Twinlab Bariatric Support Chewable Multi provides 10 mg of highly absorbable iron to help meet the daily requirements for this mineral. The vitamin C in this formula helps to support iron absorption for maximum benefit.*
* [1] Note: Unless otherwise noted, this product has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Our natural products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.


text:
Volume so far today 1.5 million shares in US ADR's versus 3 mos. avg of 400,000 per day. Don't see any news and Brazil volume within norms. Any thoughts?
(translated): 10/18/14: CMA 42 (CMA) Nr. 1311800208 (EMP)
OGX: OGX Shares fall with rumor of return probes
São Paulo, October 18, 2012-OGX's actions, the oil group
EBX, operated with sharp drop caused by market rumours that the company may return over a probe this year. According to the analyst of SLW, Erick Scott, the company has been shown to be more interested in focusing on production of that holding. "This may be positive in the short term, but in the long run means less growth perspective," said the analyst.
Earlier, the action ON the OGX (jobs community) retreating 3.94%, to $ 5.35, with one of the largest volumes of scholarship, $ 110,623 million. Scott also says that part of the losses of the paper refers to operation on fall of oil futures contracts. In New York, the WTI contract for November fell back to $ 0.11 per cent, $92,01 per barrel. In London, the Brent contract for December operated in fall of 0.56%, to $ 112,58 a barrel.
Note: ok, this is ridiculous if true, there is one production well they did not complete yet, see my note on last presentation update, and they might be coming back to complete it. this thing trades on a whim and breath of air of rumour.
.OGX Sinks Most in Month After Cutting Drilling Fleet
OGX Petroleo & Gas Participacoes SA (OGXP3), the oil company controlled by billionaire Eike Batista, fell the most in more than a month after saying it started reducing its exploratory drilling fleet.
OGX fell 5.2 percent to 5.28 reais at 3:58 p.m. in Sao Paulo after falling as much #$%$9 percent, the most intraday since Sept. 14. It was the second-biggest decline on the benchmark Bovespa index.
The Rio de Janeiro-based producer returned the Ocean Ambassador drilling rig to Diamond Offshore Drilling Inc. (DO) as it focuses on developing fields where it struck oil in the past two years, OGX said in an e-mailed response to questions today. The company plans to start producing from a third well at the Tubarao Azul field in Brazil's southeastern Campos Basin in the fourth quarter of this year.
OGX will reduce capital expenditures to about $1.2 billion in 2013 from $2 billion this year as it cuts spending on equipment rentals, Chief Financial Officer Roberto Monteiro said in a Aug. 15 conference call.
The reduction of the drilling fleet came earlier than investors were expecting and contributed to the share's price drop, Erick Scott Hood, an analyst at Sao Paulo-based brokerage SLW Corretora, said in a telephone interview from Sao Paulo.
According to your posts by mid 2010 they should be producing hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day by now. What gives?
Thanks for posting this. I'm having trouble buying the return of rig reasoning. I reported the return of that rig on October 3rd here. See my posts related to 10-3-2012 Management Presentation. I find it hard to believe market is just catching on to this news which was implied in the 10-3-2012 presentation. Also, the slated end of contract for Ocean Ambassador has been 2012 and they published this for several years before dropping rig slide from presentation.
I guess one of the following is true a) there is another reason for the drop b) they don't follow this board the way they should c) the market is stupid or slow!
I also see this as good news, reduced capex and as they noted in 6-27-2012 conference call will not interfere with exploration plan previously laid out which was supposed to begin tailing off now and into Q1 & 2 next year anyway. Finally, they will still be able to do exploratory and development drilling with remaining 5 rigs.
Remember you heard this news here well ahead of market.
They have 2 FPSO's being built in Singapore which are scheduled to arrive mid 2013.
Production should start increasing after these come online!
These guys have been spending a ton of money on exploration & as has been stated by others; they are transforming into a production company over the next 2 years with a target of 200K bbls/day.
I run an AHTV operating in Brasil & will keep a lookout for the arrival of these & any other FPSO's & will post here as soon as I hear...
Sentiment: Buy
Back in July 2010 you guys were telling they would be as big as COP or MRO by now. Lots of oil... So, what happened? Stock falling, no oil...


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Darksiders 2 Argul's Tomb DLC hitting later this month
Argul's Tomb, the first downloadable content pack for Darksiders 2, will be available to download later this month on PC, PSN, and XBL THQ has announced.
A code for Argul's Tomb was included as part of the Limited Edition contents of the game.
It's the first single-player DLC pack for Darksiders 2 and comes with two new dungeons, new enemies and legendary loot. It's "tailored towards players that have finished at least the first three zones of the main game."
Argul's Tomb will be available to download for 560 MS Points/£4.39 on September 25 on PC and XBL. The PS3 version will go live the next day, September 26, in the UK.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


text: Hello Ravi. I just want to let you know that I have received my 2 shirts and am very pleased with the job that you have done. I would recommend you guys to anybody. I am very satisfied with your company custom making my clothes. I have cut off all the other places I was using because you have exceeded my expectations. Thank you much and keep up the good work. Regards, Reggie


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Join Date: Apr 2011
Location: SOUTH FLORIDA
Posts: 1,012
Gamertag: MeonOne
Achievement Guide & Roadmap
= Estimated achievement difficulty: 2/10
= Offline: 49 (1000 )
= Online: 0
= Aproximate amount of time to 1000: 3+
= Minimum number of playthroughs needed: 1 (Replay booths if necessary)
= Number of missable achievements: None. Replay levels.
= Glitched achievements: None.
= Do cheat codes disable achievements: No cheats.
= Extra equipment: Extra controller for 'Partner Up'. KINECT IS NOT NEEDED TO PLAY THIS GAME.
Step 1: Adventure Mode & Partner Up.
Start Adventure Mode with a second controller. Play through an entire booth to unlock 'Partner Up'. Make sure you have the second controller turned on before you start a booth and also make sure the second controller does not shut off in the middle of a mini game, if so it will void the achievement and you will have to start all over from the beginning.
Step 2: Free Play
Now that you have done at least one booth in Adventure Mode with a second controller, you can go ahead and play the rest of the game in Free Play. When playing Free Play you will be able to unlock all mini games for all booth to replay at anytime. This will make getting specific level achievements easier and also depending on how lucky you get in getting the specific power ups for related achievements.
Step 3: Viewing The Credits / Clean-up
To knock out a quick and super easy achievement, 'Earning Credit'. Go into the option menu and click on Credit, let the credits roll out, its roughly takes 6 minutes. BAM! done.
If you are still missing some of the level specific achievements or any of the power up achievement. You can choose Free Play and pick the level that is needed. If the level you need is locked in Free Play, play the level or levels before it to unlock it.
Overall this is a really enjoyable and probably the easiest completion of 2012. With straight forward achievements and requires little to no skills. And a great to boost your gamerscore value!
Last edited by MeonOner; 01-12-2013 at 01:52 AM.
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Scoping review of patient- and family-oriented outcomes and measures for chronic pediatric disease
Khangura, Sara D
Karaceper, Maria D
Trakadis, Yannis
Mitchell, John J
Chakraborty, Pranesh
Tingley, Kylie
Coyle, Doug
Grosse, Scott D
Kronick, Jonathan B
Laberge, Anne-Marie
Little, Julian
Prasad, Chitra
Sikora, Lindsey
Siriwardena, Komudi
Sparkes, Rebecca
Speechley, Kathy N
Stockler, Sylvia
Wilson, Brenda J
Wilson, Kumanan
Zayed, Reem
Potter, Beth K
BMC Pediatrics
Improvements in health care for children with chronic diseases must be informed by research that emphasizes outcomes of importance to patients and families. To support a program of research in the field of rare inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), we conducted a broad scoping review of primary studies that: (i) focused on chronic pediatric diseases similar to IEM in etiology or manifestations and in complexity of management; (ii) reported patient- and/or family-oriented outcomes; and (iii) measured these outcomes using self-administered tools.
We developed a comprehensive review protocol and implemented an electronic search strategy to identify relevant citations in Medline, EMBASE, DARE and Cochrane. Two reviewers applied pre-specified criteria to titles/abstracts using a liberal accelerated approach. Articles eligible for full-text review were screened by two independent reviewers with discrepancies resolved by consensus. One researcher abstracted data on study characteristics, patient- and family-oriented outcomes, and self-administered measures. Data were validated by a second researcher.
4,118 citations were screened with 304 articles included. Across all included reports, the most-represented diseases were diabetes (35%), cerebral palsy (23%) and epilepsy (18%). We identified 43 unique patient- and family-oriented outcomes from among five emergent domains, with mental health outcomes appearing most frequently. The studies reported the use of 405 independent self-administered measures of these outcomes.
Patient- and family-oriented research investigating chronic pediatric diseases emphasizes mental health and appears to be relatively well-developed in the diabetes literature. Future research can build on this foundation while identifying additional outcomes that are priorities for patients and families.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0323-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Patient-centered outcomes research; Patient-centered care; Outcomes research; Outcome measures; Metabolism; Inborn errors; Assessment; Patient outcomes; Rare diseases; Family-centered care
Related Articles
Paradoxical exacerbation of myoclonic-astatic seizures by levetiracetam in myoclonic astatic epilepsy
Makke, Yamane
Hmaimess, Ghassan
Nasreddine, Wassim
Fawaz, Ahmad
Beydoun, Ahmad
BMC Pediatrics
Levetiracetam is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) with proven efficacy when used as adjunctive therapy against myoclonic seizures. We report two patients suffering from epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (MAE) who experienced a paradoxical worsening of seizures after initiation of treatment with LEV, a finding not previously described.
Case presentation
Patients included were enrolled in an ongoing large prospective study evaluating children and adults with new onset epilepsy in Lebanon conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center in association with the Lebanese Chapter of the International League against Epilepsy. Based on an extensive evaluation, these patients were stratified into idiopathic partial, idiopathic generalized, symptomatic partial or symptomatic generalized epilepsies. Whenever possible the electroclinical syndrome was identified according to the ILAE classification of epilepsy syndromes. Patients were subsequently followed up on regular intervals and were assessed for adverse events, and seizure recurrence.
MAE was diagnosed in five (1.6%) out of 307 consecutive children enrolled in this study. LEV was used as adjunctive therapy in four of those children with two experiencing a substantial and dose related worsening in the frequency of their myoclonic and atonic seizures.
LEV should be used with caution in children with MAE and an exacerbation of seizure frequency temporally related to the introduction of LEV should alert the clinician to the possibility of a paradoxical seizure exacerbation.
Epilepsy; Electroclinical syndrome; Doose syndrome; Antiepileptic; Levetiracetam; Myoclonus
Related Articles
Comparisons of foot anthropometry and plantar arch indices between German and Brazilian children
Sacco, Isabel CN
Onodera, Andrea N
Bosch, Kerstin
Rosenbaum, Dieter
BMC Pediatrics
Nowadays, trades and research have become closely related between different countries and anthropometric data are important for the development in global markets. The appropriate use of anthropometry may improve wellbeing, health, comfort and safety especially for footwear design. For children a proper fit of footwear is very important, not constraining foot growth and allowing a normal development. The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric characteristics of German and Brazilian children's feet from 3 to 10 years of age.
We compared five indirect measures of two databases of children's feet. Forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot widths were measured in static footprints and the Chippaux-Smirak and Staheli indices of the longitudinal arch were calculated.
Brazilian children showed a significantly narrower forefoot from 5 to 10 years, wider rearfoot from 3 to 4 years, wider midfoot for 4 year-olds and narrower midfoot for 10 year-old children. Nevertheless, the Chippaux-Smirak and Staheli indices showed no group differences. The only exception was for 4 year-old Brazilian children who showed a higher Chippaux-Smirak index compared to German children (48.4 ± 17.7%; 42.1 ± 13.8%).
Our study revealed anthropometric differences in absolute forefoot and rearfoot widths of German and Brazilian children, but a similar longitudinal arch development. At 4 years of age, Brazilian children present a foot anthropometry similar to the 3 year-olds and develop the plantar longitudinal arch from 4 to 5 years more rapidly when compared to German children.
Longitudinal plantar arch; Body weight and measures; Child; Preschool; Feet
Related Articles
Levels of evidence: a comparison between top medical journals and general pediatric journals
Jacobson, Dustin A
Bhanot, Kunal
Yarascavitch, Blake
Chuback, Jennifer
Rosenbloom, Ehud
Bhandari, Mohit
BMC Pediatrics
Given the large number of publications in all fields of practice, it is essential that clinicians focus on the resources that provide the highest level of evidence (LOE). We sought to determine the LOE that exists in the field of pediatrics, present in the general pediatric as well as high impact clinical literature.
Clinical pediatric literature, published between April 2011 and March 2012 inclusive in high-impact clinical journals (HICJ) (New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, & The Lancet) and the highest-impact general pediatric journals (GPJ) (Pediatrics, Journal of Pediatrics, & Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine), was assessed. In addition to the LOE, articles were evaluated on criteria including subspecialty within pediatrics, number of authors, number of centers, and other parameters. Eligible level I randomized control trials were appraised using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines.
Of 6511 articles screened, 804 met inclusion criteria (68 in HICJ and 736 in GPJ). On average, LOE in pediatrics-focused articles within The Lancet were significantly higher than all GPJ (p < 0.05). Average CONSORT scores were significantly higher in HICJ vs. GPJ (15.2 vs. 13.6, respectively, p < 0.001).
LOE and quality of randomized control trials within the pediatric field is highest within HICJ, however, only represent a small proportion of data published. Following CONSORT criteria, and promoting studies of high LOE may allow authors and readers to turn to journals and articles of greater clinical impact.
Evidence-based medicine; Data quality; Journal impact factor
Related Articles
Association of dual-task walking performance and leg muscle quality in healthy children
Beurskens, Rainer
Muehlbauer, Thomas
Granacher, Urs
BMC Pediatrics
Previous literature mainly introduced cognitive functions to explain performance decrements in dual-task walking, i.e., changes in dual-task locomotion are attributed to limited cognitive information processing capacities. In this study, we enlarge existing literature and investigate whether leg muscular capacity plays an additional role in children's dual-task walking performance.
To this end, we had prepubescent children (mean age: 8.7 ± 0.5 years, age range: 7–9 years) walk in single task (ST) and while concurrently conducting an arithmetic subtraction task (DT). Additionally, leg lean tissue mass was assessed.
Findings show that both, boys and girls, significantly decrease their gait velocity (f = 0.73), stride length (f = 0.62) and cadence (f = 0.68) and increase the variability thereof (f = 0.20-0.63) during DT compared to ST. Furthermore, stepwise regressions indicate that leg lean tissue mass is closely associated with step time and the variability thereof during DT (R2 = 0.44, p = 0.009). These associations between gait measures and leg lean tissue mass could not be observed for ST (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.19).
We were able to show a potential link between leg muscular capacities and DT walking performance in children. We interpret these findings as evidence that higher leg muscle mass in children may mitigate the impact of a cognitive interference task on DT walking performance by inducing enhanced gait stability.
Gait; Cognitive interference; Body composition; Muscle mass; Children
Related Articles
Association between sudden infant death syndrome and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunisation: an ecological study
Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline
Hettler-Chen, Chih-Mei
Keil, Thomas
Muckelbauer, Rebecca
BMC Pediatrics
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) continues to be one of the main causes of infant mortality in the United States. The objective of this study was to analyse the association between diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunisation and SIDS over time.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided the number of cases of SIDS and live births per year (1968–2009), allowing the calculation of SIDS mortality rates. Immunisation coverage was based on (1) the United States Immunization Survey (1968–1985), (2) the National Health Interview Survey (1991–1993), and (3) the National Immunization Survey (1994–2009). We used sleep position data from the National Infant Sleep Position Survey. To determine the time points at which significant changes occurred and to estimate the annual percentage change in mortality rates, we performed joinpoint regression analyses. We fitted a Poisson regression model to determine the association between SIDS mortality rates and DTP immunisation coverage (1975–2009).
SIDS mortality rates increased significantly from 1968 to 1971 (+27% annually), from 1971 to 1974 (+47%), and from 1974 to 1979 (+3%). They decreased from 1979 to 1991 (−1%) and from 1991 to 2001 (−8%). After 2001, mortality rates remained constant. DTP immunisation coverage was inversely associated with SIDS mortality rates. We observed an incidence rate ratio of 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 0.97) per 10% increase in DTP immunisation coverage after adjusting for infant sleep position.
Increased DTP immunisation coverage is associated with decreased SIDS mortality. Current recommendations on timely DTP immunisation should be emphasised to prevent not only specific infectious diseases but also potentially SIDS.
Sudden infant death syndrome; Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunisation; Time trends
Related Articles
Dietary intake in 6-year-old children from southern Poland: part 2 – vitamin and mineral intakes
Merkiel, Sylwia
Chalcarz, Wojciech
BMC Pediatrics
Studies on vitamin and mineral intakes in children are very important: firstly because of the high prevalence of diet-related diseases and secondly because of the widespread consumption of highly processed foods which are characterised by high energy content and low density of essential nutrients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse vitamin and mineral intakes in 6-year-old children from southern Poland.
Vitamin and mineral intakes were estimated from a three-day food record in 120 children, 64 girls and 56 boys, aged 6 years. Nutrient densities were estimated as amounts per 1000 kcal (4185 kJ) of energy intake. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the IBM SPSS Statistics computer programme, version 19. The studied population was divided according to gender.
Intakes of folic acid (μg/1000 kcal) and vitamin C (mg, mg/1000 kcal) were significantly higher in girls. Nutrient densities for all vitamins were higher in girls, however, these results did not reach statistical significance. Intake of vitamin D was lower than EAR in all of the studied children. Intakes of sodium (mg) and zinc (mg) were significantly higher in boys. Intakes of the remaining minerals were higher in boys, however, these findings did not reach statistical significance. Nutrient densities for all minerals, except for sodium, zinc and manganese, were higher in girls. All of the studied children had sodium intakes above UL.
Inadequate intakes of vitamin D, calcium and potassium in the studied 6-year-olds along with excessive sodium intake are the risk factors for developing osteoporosis and hypertension. To prevent these diseases in the studied children, educational programmes for both preschool staff and parents should be worked out and implemented.
Children; Dietary intake; Vitamins; Minerals; Nutrition; Diet
Related Articles
Child mental health in Jordanian orphanages: effect of placement change on behavior and caregiving
MacKenzie, Michael J
Gearing, Robin E
Schwalbe, Craig S
Ibrahim, Rawan W
Brewer, Kathryne B
Al-Sharaihah, Rasha
BMC Pediatrics
To assess the mental health and behavioral problems of children in institutional placements in Jordan to inform understanding of current needs, and to explore the effects of placement change on functioning and staff perceptions of goodness-of-fit.
An assessment was completed of 134 children between 1.5–12 years-of-age residing in Jordanian orphanages. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to assess prevalence rates of problems across externalizing and internalizing behavior and DSM-IV oriented subscales. Also included was caregiver perceived goodness-of-fit with each child, caregiving behavior, and two placement change-clock variables; an adjustment clock measuring time since last move, and an anticipation clock measuring time to next move.
28% were in the clinical range for the internalizing domain on the CBCL, and 22% for the externalizing domain. The children also exhibited high levels of clinical range social problems, affective disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, and conduct problems. Internalizing problems were found to decrease with time in placement as children adjust to a prior move, whereas externalizing problems increased as the time to their next age-triggered move drew closer, highlighting the anticipatory effects of change. Both behavioral problems and the change clocks were predictive of staff perceptions of goodness-of-fit with the children under their care.
These findings add to the evidence demonstrating the negative effects of orphanage rearing, and highlight the importance of the association between behavioral problems and child-caregiver relationship pathways including the timing of placement disruptions and staff perceptions of goodness-of-fit.
Orphanage; Institutional care; Mental health; Behavioral problems; Internalizing; Externalizing; Goodness-of-fit; Placement change; Placement disruption
Related Articles
"You can't just jump on a bike and go": a qualitative study exploring parents' perceptions of physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes
Quirk, Helen
Blake, Holly
Dee, Beatrice
Glazebrook, Cris
BMC Pediatrics
Parents of children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) have an important role in supporting diabetes management behaviours and helping to maintain their child's healthy lifestyle. Physical activity has known benefits for children with T1DM [Diabet Med 31: 1163-1173], but children with chronic health conditions typically have low levels of physical activity. Research is needed to build an understanding of the experience of physical activity for children with T1DM. The purpose of this study was to understand parents' perceptions of what influences physical activity for children with T1DM and to inform the practice of those working with children who have T1DM.
Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 parents (18 mothers, 2 fathers) who had a child aged 7 – 13 years with T1DM in the UK. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and data were analysed using thematic analysis [Qual Res Psychol 3: 77-101, 2006]).
Factors believed to influence participation in physical activity are presented as 7 major themes and 15 subthemes. Themes that emerged included the conflict between planning and spontaneous activity, struggles to control blood glucose, recognition of the importance of physical activity, the determination of parents, children relying on their parents to manage physical activity, the importance of a good support system and individual factors about the children that influence physical activity participation.
This study highlights that parents serve as gate-keepers for children's physical activity. The findings provide insight into the need for T1DM knowledge and competence in personnel involved in the supervision of children's physical activities. Healthcare providers should collaborate with families to ensure understanding of how to manage physical activity. The findings sensitise professionals to the issues confronted by children with T1DM and their parents, as well as the methods used by children and their families to overcome obstacles to physical activity. The implications for further research, clinical practice, and physical activity promotion with children with T1DM are discussed.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-014-0313-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Children; Type 1 diabetes; Physical activity; Parent perceptions; Qualitative; Thematic analysis
Related Articles
Immunization interventions to interrupt hepatitis B virus mother-to-child transmission: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Jin, Hui
Zhao, Yueyuan
Tan, Zhaoying
Zhang, Xuefeng
Zhao, Yaoyun
Wang, Bei
Liu, Pei
BMC Pediatrics
This study aimed to determine the clinical efficacy of various immune interventions on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV).
We retrieved different immune strategies on how to prevent MTCT reported in the literature from Chinese and English electronic databases from the viewpoint of intrauterine and extrauterine prevention. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) methods were used.
Twenty-five articles on intrauterine prevention and 16 on extrauterine prevention were included in the analysis. Intrauterine prevention could reduce infants' HBV infection rate (RR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.28-0.45) and increase their anti-hepatitis B surface–positive rate (RR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.46-4.01) at birth. Compared with passive immunization, passive-active immunization could reduce infants' HBV infection rate (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52-0.84) at birth, even at more than 12 months of age (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42-0.69). Subgroup analysis demonstrated similar results except for pregnant women who were hepatitis B surface antigen–positive. Funnel plots and Egger's tests showed publication bias mainly in intrauterine prevention not in extrauterine one.
The long-term protective effect of pregnant women injected with hepatitis B immunoglobulin during pregnancy should be further validated by large-scale randomized trials. Newborns of pregnant women who carried HBV should undergo a passive-active immunization strategy.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-014-0307-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin; Hepatitis B virus; Meta-analysis; Mother-to-child transmission
Related Articles
Growth and safety evaluation of infant formulae containing oligosaccharides derived from bovine milk: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial
Meli, Ferdinando
Puccio, Giuseppe
Cajozzo, Cinzia
Ricottone, Giovanni Licata
Pecquet, Sophie
Sprenger, Norbert
Steenhout, Philippe
BMC Pediatrics
A limited number of nondigestible oligosaccharides are available for use in infant formula. This study evaluated growth and safety in infants fed formula supplemented with a mixture of bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides (BMOS). This mixture, which was generated from whey permeate, contains galactooligosaccharides and other oligosaccharides from bovine milk, such as 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose. We hypothesized that growth in infants fed BMOS-supplemented formula would be noninferior to that in infants fed standard formula.
Healthy term infants ≤14 days old were randomly assigned to standard formula (control; n = 84); standard formula with BMOS (IF-BMOS; n = 99); or standard formula with BMOS and probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) (IF-BMOS + Pro; n = 98). A breastfed reference group was also enrolled (n = 30). The primary outcome was mean weight gain/day from enrollment to age 4 months (noninferiority margin: −3.0 g/day).
189 (67.3%) formula-fed infants were included in the primary analysis. Mean differences in weight gain between the control and IF-BMOS and IF-BMOS + Pro groups were <1 g/day, with 97.5% confidence intervals above −3.0 g/day, indicating noninferior weight gain in the BMOS formula groups. Compared with control, infants in the BMOS groups had more frequent (p < 0.0001) and less hard (p = 0.0003) stools. No significant differences were observed between the control and BMOS groups in caregivers' reports of flatulence, vomiting, spitting up, crying, fussing, and colic. When based on clinical evaluation by the investigator, the incidence of colic was higher (p = 0.01) in IF-BMOS than in control; the incidence of investigator-diagnosed colic was not significantly different in control and IF-BMOS + Pro (p = 0.15). Stool bifidobacteria and lactobacilli counts were higher with IF-BMOS + Pro compared with control (p < 0.05), whereas Clostridia counts were lower (p < 0.05) in both BMOS groups compared with control.
Infant formula containing BMOS either with or without probiotics provides adequate nutrition for normal growth in healthy term infants. Further studies are needed to fully explore the digestive tolerance of BMOS formula.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01886898. Registered 24 June 2013.
Infant formula; Bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides; Infant nutrition; Healthy infants
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An epidemiological evaluation of pediatric long bone fractures — a retrospective cohort study of 2716 patients from two Swiss tertiary pediatric hospitals
Joeris, Alexander
Lutz, Nicolas
Wicki, Bárbara
Slongo, Theddy
Audigé, Laurent
BMC Pediatrics
Children and adolescents are at high risk of sustaining fractures during growth. Therefore, epidemiological assessment is crucial for fracture prevention. The AO Comprehensive Injury Automatic Classifier (AO COIAC) was used to evaluate epidemiological data of pediatric long bone fractures in a large cohort.
Data from children and adolescents with long bone fractures sustained between 2009 and 2011, treated at either of two tertiary pediatric surgery hospitals in Switzerland, were retrospectively collected. Fractures were classified according to the AO Pediatric Comprehensive Classification of Long Bone Fractures (PCCF).
Age, sex, BMI, injury and treatment data were recorded. Children were classified into four age classes and five BMI classes were applied. Seven major accident categories were established. Study parameters were tabulated using standard descriptive statistics. The relationship of categorical variables was tested using the chi-square test. The Children's BMI was compared to WHO reference data and Swiss population data.
For a total of 2716 patients (60% boys), 2807 accidents with 2840 long bone fractures (59% radius/ulna; 21% humerus; 15% tibia/fibula; 5% femur) were documented. Children's mean age (SD) was 8.2 (4.0) years (6% infants; 26% preschool children; 40% school children; 28% adolescents). Adolescent boys sustained more fractures than girls (p < 0.001). The leading cause of fractures was falls (27%), followed by accidents occurring during leisure activities (25%), at home (14%), on playgrounds (11%), and traffic (11%) and school accidents (8%). There was boy predominance for all accident types except for playground and at home accidents. The distribution of accident types differed according to age classes (p < 0.001). Twenty-six percent of patients were classed as overweight or obese — higher than data published by the WHO for the corresponding ages — with a higher proportion of overweight and obese boys than in the Swiss population (p < 0.0001).
Overall, differences in the fracture distribution were sex and age related. Overweight and obese patients seemed to be at increased risk of sustaining fractures. Our data give valuable input into future development of prevention strategies. The AO PCCF proved to be useful in epidemiological reporting and analysis of pediatric long bone fractures.
Pediatric; Long bone fracture; Classification; Epidemiology; AO COIAC
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Severe persistent unremitting dermatitis, chronic diarrhea and hypoalbuminemia in a child; Hartnup disease in setting of celiac disease
Ciecierega, Thomas
Dweikat, Imad
Awar, Mohammad
Shahrour, Maher
Libdeh, Bassam Abu
Sultan, Mutaz
BMC Pediatrics
Celiac disease (CD) is a complex autoimmune disorder that can lead to an inflammatory small intestinal villous atrophy and malabsorption.
Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by increased urinary excretion of neutral amino acids. Co-occurrence of Hartnup disease and CD is extremely rare with only a single case reported.
Case presentation
We report a 3-year girl with chronic diarrhea, Hypoalbuminemia and exfoliative erythema. She was diagnosed with celiac disease, which did not improve on gluten free diet. Hartnup disease was suspected and was confirmed by neutral aminoaciduria. Niacin was started and followed by dramatic improvement.
Presence of Celiac and Hartnup disease in single individual is very rare. Complete nutritional assessment of refractory celiac patient can reveal underlying nutritional deficiency.
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Perinatal factors associated with early neonatal deaths in very low birth weight preterm infants in Northeast Brazil
de Castro, Eveline Campos Monteiro
Leite, Álvaro Jorge Madeiro
de Almeida, Maria Fernanda Branco
Guinsburg, Ruth
BMC Pediatrics
In Brazil, the prevalence of prematurity has increased in recent years and it is a major cause of death in the neonatal period. Therefore, this study aims at assessing perinatal factors associated with early neonatal deaths in very low birth weight preterm infants born in a region of Brazil with low Human Development Index.
Prospective cohort study of inborns with gestational age 230/7-316/7 weeks and birthweight 500-1499 g without malformations in 19 public reference hospitals of the state capitals of Brazil's Northeast Region. Perinatal variables associated with early neonatal death were determined by Cox regression analysis.
Among 627 neonates, 179 (29%) died with 0–6 days after birth. Early death was associated to: absence of antenatal steroids (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.11-2.27), multiple gestation (1.95; 1.28-3.00), male sex (2.01; 1.40-2.86), 5th minute Apgar <7 (2.93; 2.03-4.21), birthweight <1000 g (2.58; 1.70-3.88), gestational age <28 weeks (2.07; 1.42-3.02), use of surfactant (1.65; 1.04-2.59), and non-use of a pain scale (1.89; 1.24-2.89).
Biological variables and factors related to the quality of perinatal care were associated with the high chance of early death of preterm infants born in reference hospitals of Northeast Brazil.
Premature newborn infant; Very low weight newborn infant; Neonatal mortality; Early neonatal mortality; Neonatal ICU
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Improved nutrient intake following implementation of the consensus standardised parenteral nutrition formulations in preterm neonates – a before-after intervention study
Bolisetty, Srinivas
Pharande, Pramod
Nirthanakumaran, Lakshman
Do, Timothy Quy-Phong
Osborn, David
Smyth, John
Sinn, John
Lui, Kei
BMC Pediatrics
New standardised parenteral nutrition (SPN) formulations were implemented in July 2011 in many neonatal intensive care units in New South Wales following consensus group recommendations. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of new consensus formulations in preterm infants born less than 32 weeks.
A before-after intervention study conducted at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Data from the post-consensus cohort (2011 to 2012) were prospectively collected and compared retrospectively with a pre-consensus cohort of neonates (2010).
Post-consensus group commenced parenteral nutrition (PN) significantly earlier (6 v 11 hours of age, p 0.005). In comparison to the pre-consensus cohort, there was a higher protein intake from day 1 (1.34 v 0.49 g/kg, p 0.000) to day 7 (3.55 v 2.35 g/kg, p 0.000), higher caloric intake from day 1 (30 v 26 kcal/kg, p 0.004) to day 3 (64 v 62 kcal/kg, p 0.026), and less daily fluid intake from day 3 (105.8 v 113.8 mL/kg, p 0.011) to day 7 (148.8 v 156.2 mL/kg, p 0.025), and reduced duration of lipid therapy (253 v 475 hr, p 0.011). This group also had a significantly greater weight gain in the first 4 weeks (285 v 220 g, p 0.003).
New consensus SPN solutions provided better protein intake in the first 7 days and were associated with greater weight gain in the first 4 weeks. However, protein intake on day 1 was below the consensus goal of 2 g/kg/day.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-014-0309-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Parenteral nutrition; Newborn; Standardised formulation
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Renal thromboembolism during treatment with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in a child with hemophilia B with factor IX inhibitors
Milošević, Danko
Bilić, Ernest
Batinić, Danica
Poropat, Mirjana
Štern-Padovan, Ranka
Galić, Slobodan
Turudić, Daniel
BMC Pediatrics
Serious thromboembolic events connected with rFVIIa therapy in hemophilia patients are rare. Only three cases are reported in children, all of them with hemophilia A.
Case presentation
We present unique case of patient with hemophilia B and high titer inhibitors to coagulation FIX, who developed severe renal damage due to thromboembolic event during rFVIIa therapy, associated with unsuspected renovascular anomalies.
Caution is necessary if hematuria B requires administration of rFVIIa. US color doppler renal imaging before and after drug administration should be sufficient as an early warning.
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Sleep and breathing in premature infants at 6 months post-natal age
Huang, Yu-Shu
Paiva, Teresa
Hsu, Jen-Fu
Kuo, Ming-Chun
Guilleminault, Christian
BMC Pediatrics
Poor sleep contributes to the developmental problems seen in preterm infants. We evaluated sleep problems in preterm infants 6 months of post-gestational age using the subjective Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and objective sleep tests. We also compared the sleep of premature infants with that of full-term infants.
The study included 68 6-month-old full-term healthy infants and 191 premature infants born at <37 weeks gestation. All parents completed the BISQ-Chinese version and sleep diaries. At the same time, all premature infants were submitted to one night of polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep laboratory and also were set up with an actigraph kept for 7 days. Statistical analyses were performed using correlation coefficients and the t-test with SPSS version 18 to compare questionnaire responses with other subjective and objective measures of sleep.
The sleep problems indicated in the subjective questionnaire for the premature infants, particularly: "the nocturnal sleep duration, number of night awakenings, daytime sleep duration, duration of time with mouth breathing, and loud-noisy breathing" had significant correlations with sleep diaries, actigraphy and PSG results. The BISQ showed that duration of infant's sleeping on one side, nocturnal sleep duration, being held to fall asleep, number of nighttime awakenings, daytime sleep duration, subjective consideration of sleep problems, loud-noisy breathing, and duration spent crying during the night were significantly different between the premature infants and the term infants. PSG confirmed the presence of a very high percentage (80.6%) of premature infants with AHI > 1 event/hour as indicated by the questionnaire.
Premature infants have more sleep problems than full-term infants, including the known risk of abnormal breathing during sleep, which has been well demonstrated already with the BISQ-Chinese (CBISQ).
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-014-0303-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Sleep questionnaire; Sleep-disordered breathing; Prematurity; Full-term infant
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Early life determinants of low IQ at age 6 in children from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort: a predictive approach
Camargo-Figuera, Fabio Alberto
Barros, Aluísio JD
Santos, Iná S
Matijasevich, Alicia
Barros, Fernando C
BMC Pediatrics
Childhood intelligence is an important determinant of health outcomes in adulthood. The first years of life are critical to child development. This study aimed to identify early life (perinatal and during the first year of life) predictors of low cognitive performance at age 6.
A birth cohort study started in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil, in 2004 and children were followed from birth to age six. Information on a broad set of biological and social predictors was collected. Cognitive ability—the study outcome—was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). IQ scores were standardized into z-scores and low IQ defined as z < −1. We applied bootstrapping methods for internal validation with a multivariate logistic regression model and carried out external validation using a second study from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort.
The proportion of children with IQ z-score < −1 was 16.9% (95% CI 15.6–18.1). The final model included the following early life variables: child's gender; parents' skin color; number of siblings; father's and mother's employment status; household income; maternal education; number of persons per room; duration of breastfeeding; height-for-age deficit; head circumference-for-age deficit; parental smoking during pregnancy; and maternal perception of the child's health status. The area under the ROC curve for our final model was 0.8, with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 74%. Similar results were found when testing external validation by using data from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort.
The study results suggest that a child's and her/his family's social conditions are strong predictors of cognitive ability in childhood. Interventions for promoting a healthy early childhood development are needed targeting children at risk of low IQ so that they can reach their full cognitive potential.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-014-0308-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Child development; Birth cohort; Intelligence; Cognition; Social determinants of health; Brazil
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Primary Care Triple P for parents of NICU graduates with behavioral problems: a randomized, clinical trial using observations of parent–child interaction
Schappin, Renske
Wijnroks, Lex
Uniken Venema, Monica
Wijnberg-Williams, Barbara
Veenstra, Ravian
Koopman-Esseboom, Corine
Mulder-De Tollenaer, Susanne
van der Tweel, Ingeborg
Jongmans, Marian
BMC Pediatrics
Preterm-born or asphyxiated term-born children show more emotional and behavioral problems at preschool age than term-born children without a medical condition. It is uncertain whether parenting intervention programs aimed at the general population, are effective in this specific group. In earlier findings from the present trial, Primary Care Triple P was not effective in reducing parent-reported child behavioral problems. However, parenting programs claim to positively change child behavior through enhancement of the parent–child interaction. Therefore, we investigated whether Primary Care Triple P is effective in improving the quality of parent–child interaction and increasing the application of trained parenting skills in parents of preterm-born or asphyxiated term-born preschoolers with behavioral problems.
For this pragmatic, open randomized clinical trial, participants were recruited from a cohort of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of two Dutch hospitals. Children aged 2–5 years, with a gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g and children with a gestational age 37–42 weeks and perinatal asphyxia were included. After screening for a t-score ≥60 on the Child Behavior Checklist, children were randomly assigned to Primary Care Triple P (n = 34) or a wait-list control group (n = 33). Trial outcomes were the quality of parent–child interaction and the application of trained parenting skills, both scored from structured observation tasks.
There was no effect of the intervention on either of the observational outcome measures at the 6-month trial endpoint.
Primary Care Triple P, is not effective in improving the quality of parent–child interaction nor does it increase the application of trained parenting skills in parents of preterm-born or asphyxiated term-born children with behavioral problems. Further research should focus on personalized care for these parents, with an emphasis on psychological support to reduce stress and promote self-regulation.
Trial registration
Netherlands National Trial Register NTR2179. Registered 26 January 2010.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-014-0305-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Primary Care Triple P; Parenting intervention; Preterm birth; Perinatal asphyxia; RCT; Parent–child interaction; Positive parenting skills
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The etiologies of non-CF bronchiectasis in childhood: a systematic review of 989 subjects
Brower, Kelly S
Del Vecchio, Michael T
Aronoff, Stephen C
BMC Pediatrics
While cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common cause of bronchiectasis in childhood, non-CF bronchiectasis is associated with a wide variety of disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the relative prevalence and specific etiologies on non-CF bronchiectasis in childhood.
EMBASE, Medline, OVID Cochrane Reviews, Directory of Open Access Journals, Open Science Directory, EPSCO information services, and OAlster were searched electronically and the bibliographies of selected studies were searched manually. The search was conducted independently by 2 authors. Study Selection: (1) any clinical trial, observational study or cross-sectional case series of 10 or more patients with a description of the conditions associated with bronchiectasis; (2) subjects aged 21 years or younger; (3) cystic fibrosis was excluded and; (4) the diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography of the chest. Data Extraction: Patient number, age range, inclusion criteria, diagnostic criteria, patient source, and categorical and specific etiology.
From 491 studies identified, 12 studies encompassing 989 children with non-CF bronchiectasis were selected. Sixty-three percent of the subjects had an underlying disorder. Infectious (17%), primary immunodeficiency (16%), aspiration (10%), ciliary dyskinesia (9%), congenital malformation (3%), and secondary immunodeficiency (3%) were the most common disease categories; 999 etiologies were identified. Severe pneumonia of bacterial or viral etiology and B cell defects were the most common disorders identified.
The majority of children with non-CF bronchiectasis have an underlying disorder. A focused history and laboratory investigated is recommended.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-014-0299-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Non-CF bronchiectasis; Children; Etiology
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Natural history of conjugated bilirubin trajectory in neonates following parenteral nutrition cessation
Mangalat, Nisha
Bell, Cynthia
Graves, April
Imseis, Essam M
BMC Pediatrics
There is little published data regarding the rate of bilirubin clearance in newborns following total parenteral nutrition (TPN) cessation, particularly in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population without intestinal failure.
The primary aim of this retrospective chart review was to determine the duration and severity of bilirubin elevation in neonates without intestinal failure. Secondary aims were to determine factors that would influence the duration and severity of this biochemical elevation. The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all infants receiving TPN for ≥ 21 days and with elevated conjugated bilirubin (CB) ≥3 mg/dL upon TPN cessation in a tertiary care NICU from January 1, 2008 to December 1, 2010. Patients with known causes of liver disease or without laboratory values at least four weeks after PN cessation were excluded. Time to maximum conjugated bilirubin (maxCB) post TPN cessation and normalization were the primary outcomes. Secondary factors including number/timing of sepsis events, ethnicity, and ursodiol use were also evaluated.
Forty three infants met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients had increased CB post TPN cessation ("up" group; 27/43, 63%) with maxCB reached 13 days (SD ± 10.3) after TPN cessation. The majority of the cohort achieved normalization of the bilirubin prior to discharge (28/43, 65%). There was no difference in rate of normalization (p = 0.342) between the "up" group (59%) and the group of patients whose bilirubin trended downward following PN cessation ("down" group, 75%). There were no differences between the two groups with respect to gestational age at birth, birth weight, number of sepsis events, gram negative sepsis events, or intestinal resection. Only 30% of Hispanic patients had increased CB post TPN cessation compared to the majority (71%) of non-Hispanic patients. The maxCB of those that had complete normalization was significantly lower value than the maxCB of those that did not normalize (p = 0.016).
Nearly two-thirds of infants experience a rise in serum bilirubin following PN cessation that can last for weeks, but cholestasis generally improves with time in the majority of infants.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-014-0298-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Neonatal cholestasis; Parenteral nutrition
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Clinical evaluation of viral acute respiratory tract infections in children presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in the Netherlands
Gooskens, Jairo
van der Ploeg, Vishnu
Sukhai, Ram N
Vossen, Ann CTM
Claas, Eric CJ
Kroes, Aloys CM
BMC Pediatrics
The relative incidence and clinical impact of individual respiratory viruses remains unclear among children presenting to the hospital emergency department with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI).
During two winter periods, respiratory virus real-time multiplex PCR results were evaluated from children (< 18 years) presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital with ARTI that had been sampled within 48 hours of hospital presentation. In an attempt to identify virus-specific distinguishing clinical features, single virus infections were correlated with presenting signs and symptoms, clinical findings and outcomes using multivariate logistic regression.
In total, 274 children with ARTI were evaluated and most were aged < 3 years (236/274, 86%). PCR detected respiratory viruses in 224/274 (81.8%) children and included 162 (59%) single and 62 (23%) mixed virus infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) single virus infections were common among children aged < 3 years, but proportional differences compared to older children were only significant for RSV (95% CI 1.3–15). Clinical differentiation between viral ARTIs was not possible due to common shared presenting signs and symptoms and the high frequency of mixed viral infections. We observed virus-associated outcome differences among children aged < 3 years. Oxygen treatment was associated with RSV (OR 3.6) and inversely correlated with FLU (OR 0.05). Treatment with steroids (OR 3.4) or bronchodilators (OR 3.4) was associated with HRV. Severe respiratory complications were associated with HRV (OR 3.5) and inversely correlated with RSV (OR 0.24).
Respiratory viruses are frequently detected in young children presenting to the hospital emergency department with ARTI and require PCR diagnosis since presenting signs and symptoms are not discriminant for a type of virus. RSV and HRV bear a high burden of morbidity in the pediatric clinical setting.
Acute respiratory tract infection; Pediatric emergency department; Respiratory virus; Signs and symptoms; Clinical outcome
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Parents' experiences of communication with neonatal intensive-care unit staff: an interview study
Wigert, Helena
Dellenmark Blom, Michaela
Bry, Kristina
BMC Pediatrics
An infant's admission to a neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) inevitably causes the parents emotional stress. Communication between parents and NICU staff is an essential part of the support offered to the parents and can reduce their emotional stress. The aim of this study was to describe parents' experiences of communication with NICU staff.
A hermeneutic lifeworld interview study was performed with 18 families whose children were treated in the level III NICU at a university hospital in Sweden. The interviews were analysed to gain an interpretation of the phenomenon of how parents in the NICU experienced their communication with the staff, in order to find new ways to understand their experience.
Parents' experience of communication with the staff during their infant's stay at the NICU can be described by the main theme 'being given attention or ignored in their emotional situation'. The main theme derives from three themes; (1) meeting a fellow human being, (2) being included or excluded as a parent and (3) bearing unwanted responsibility.
This study shows that parents experienced communication with the NICU staff as essential to their management of their situation. Attentive communication gives the parents relief in their trying circumstances. In contrast, lack of communication contributes to feelings of loneliness, abandonment and unwanted responsibility, which adds to the burden of an already difficult situation. The level of communication in meetings with staff can have a decisive influence on parents' experiences of the NICU.
The staff should thus be reminded of their unique position to help parents handle their emotional difficulties. The organization should facilitate opportunities for good communication between parents and staff through training, staffing and the physical health care environment.
Communication; Hermeneutic lifeworld approach; Neonatal intensive care; Parental experience
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Perceived stigma by children on antiretroviral treatment in Cambodia
Barennes, Hubert
Tat, Sovann
Reinharz, Daniel
Vibol, Ung
BMC Pediatrics
HIV-related stigma diminishes the quality of life of affected patients. Little is known about perceived and enacted stigma of HIV-infected children in resources-limited settings. We documented the prevalence of perceived stigma and associated factors associated among children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a referral hospital in Cambodia.
After informed consent, a standardized pre-tested 47-item questionnaire was confidentially administered to consecutive children (7 to 15 years) or their guardians if the child was 18 months to 6 years, during their routine ART visits. The questionnaire explored the sociodemographics of the child and the parents, HIV history, adherence to ART, tolerance of ART and perceived stigma. Associations between perceived stigma and the children's characteristics were measured by bivariate and multivariate analyses.
Of 183 children, 101 (55.2%) had lost at least one and 45 (24.6%) both parents; 166 (90.7%) went to school. Of 183 children (female: 84, 45.9%, median age 7.0 years, interquartile range: 2.0-9.6), 79 (43.2%) experienced perceived stigma, including rejection by others (26.8%), no invitations to social activities (18.6%) and exclusion from games (14.2%). A total of 43 (23.5%) children were fearful of their disease and 61 (53.9%) of 113 older than 6 years reported knowledge of their HIV status. Of 136 children over five years and eligible for education, 7 (3.8%) could not go to school due to perceived stigma. Incomplete adherence to ART was reported for 17 (9.2%) children. In multivariate analysis, school attendance (odds ratio [OR]: 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-7.9) and income of less than one dollar per person per day (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.5) were associated with perceived stigma. Conversely, receipt of social support (OR: 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9) was associated with lower risk of perceived stigma.
Perceived stigma in pediatric ART patients remains a significant issue in Cambodia. Psychological support and interventions should be developed in hospitals, schools, and underprivileged communities to prevent HIV-related stigma for affected children.
AIDS; Cambodia; Children; Discrimination; Exclusion; HIV; Perceived stigma; School; Stigma; Stigmatization
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Abnormal movements associated with oropharyngeal dysfunction in a child with Chiari I malformation
Berthet, Stéphanie
Crevier, Louis
Deslandres, Colette
BMC Pediatrics
Chiari I malformations (CM I) are rare hindbrain herniations. Dysphagia and other oropharyngeal dysfunctions may be associated with CM I, but to our knowledge, no clinical presentation similar to ours has ever been reported. The purpose of this communication is to draw attention to a unique and atypical clinical presentation of a child with CM I.
Case presentation
A 7-year-old boy was evaluated for a two month history of atypical movements which would occur in the evening, and last for an hour after eating. These stereotypical movements with the head and chest bending forward and to the left side, accompanied by a grimace, were associated with sensation of breath locking without cyanosis. Pain and dysphagia were absent. The neurological examination was normal. The possibility of Sandifer syndrome posturing occurring with gastroesopageal reflux disease was considered but neither pain nor back hyperextension were associated with the atypical movements. Neither proton pump inhibitors (PPI) nor prokinetic agents improved his symptoms.
Upper endoscopy and esophageal biopsy did not reveal eosinophilic esophagitis nor reflux esophagitis. Ear, throat and nose (ENT) exam was normal. A severe gastroparesis was demonstrated on milk scan study. Two 24 hour oesophageal pH probe studies pointed out severe gastroesophageal reflux (GER). High resolution manometric evaluation of the oesophagus revealed normal sphincter pressures and relaxations with no dysmotility of the esophageal body. Electroencephalography and polysomnography were normal. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and revealed a CM I: cerebellar tonsils extending to 12 mm, with syringomyelia (D4-D5).
For a long period of time, the child's abnormal movements were considered to be nothing but tics and the CM I a fortuitous finding. Since the child remained symptomatic despite medical treatment, it was decided to proceed with surgery. One year after the onset of his symptoms, he underwent posterior fossa decompression with upper cervical laminectomy and expansion duroplasty. Postoperative MRI confirmed adequate decompression. His atypical posture and dyspnea completely resolved after surgery and he remains asymptomatic two years later.
Children may have atypical presentations of CM I. Thus, CM I diagnosis should be considered in unexplained atypical oropharyngeal dysfunctions.
Chiari I malformation; Oropharyngeal dysfunction; Abnormal movements; Gastroesophageal reflux (GER); Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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text:
PERRYVILLE, Mo. (AP) — Two southeast Missouri men are facing child endangerment charges after allegedly leaving a 2-year-old girl in a car while they were in a tavern.
The Southeast Missourian (http://bit.ly/L4Mv7Z ) reports that charges were filed Thursday against 18-year-old Joshua Jason Loucks of Frohna and 26-year-old James Harrison Waller of Perryville. Neither man had a listed attorney.
Witnesses told police that the men left the girl inside a Mazda about 10:30 p.m. Wednesday and went inside the 505 Club in Perryville. Police say the windows to the vehicle were closed, the doors locked and the toddler was asleep in a car seat. She was not hurt.
Waller told police they were not in the bar long. But a bartender said Waller had been there more than an hour and drank three beers.
Information from: Southeast Missourian, http://www.semissourian.com
© 2016 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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, Volume 9, Issue 6, pp 419-440
First online:
Computation of Bounds on Population Parameters When the Data Are Incomplete
- Joel L. HorowitzAffiliated withDepartment of Economics, Northwestern University
- , Charles F. ManskiAffiliated withDepartment of Economics, Northwestern University
- , Maria PonomarevaAffiliated withDepartment of Economics, Northwestern University
- , Jörg StoyeAffiliated withDepartment of Economics, Northwestern University
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This paper continues our research on the identification and estimation of statistical functionals when the sampling process produces incomplete data due to missing observations or interval measurement of variables. Incomplete data usually cause population parameters of interest in applications to be unidentified except under untestable and often controversial assumptions. However, it is often possible to identify sharp bounds on these parameters. The bounds are functionals of the population distribution of the available data and do not rely on untestable assumptions about the process through which data become incomplete. They contain all logically possible values of the population parameters. Moreover, every parameter value within the bounds is consistent with some model of the process that generates incomplete data. The bounds can be estimated consistently by replacing the population distribution of the data with the empirical distribution in the functionals that give the bounds. In practice, this is straightforward in some circumstances but computationally burdensome in others; in general, the bounds are the solutions to non-convex mathematical programming problems that can be difficult to solve. Horowitz and Manski (Censoring of Outcomes and Regressors Due to Survey Nonresponse: Identification and Estimation Using Weights and Imputations, Journal of Econometrics 84 (1998), pp. 37–58; Nonparametric Analysis of Randomized Experiments with Missing Covariate and Outcome Data, Journal of the American Statistical Association 95 (2000), pp. 77–84) studied nonparametric mean regression with missing data. In this paper, we first describe the general problem. We then present new findings on the computation of bounds on best linear predictors under square loss. We describe a genetic algorithm to compute sharp bounds and a min-imax approach yielding simple but non-sharp outer bounds. We use actual data to demonstrate the computations.
Reference tools
- Title
- Computation of Bounds on Population Parameters When the Data Are Incomplete
- Journal
Reliable Computing
Volume 9, Issue 6 , pp 419-440
- Cover Date
- 2003-12
- Print ISSN
- 1385-3139
- Online ISSN
- 1573-1340
- Publisher
- Kluwer Academic Publishers
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Authors
- Joel L. Horowitz (1)
- Charles F. Manski (1)
- Maria Ponomareva (1)
- Jörg Stoye (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Economics, Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-2600, USA


text:
Fuel Pick-Up, Aluminum PL3 Elbow, 12" - Moeller
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"I absolutely love this card. I searched on Tiny Prints for a while looking for a card that would meet my needs: 1 large photo, with "Happy Holidays" in a legible font, and a simple, elegant design. It sounds like an easy thing to achieve, but I wasn't having any luck until I found "Golden Joy"! The card is elegant, and the design is pretty but not distracting from the photo in the center. Pros: The cards arrived 3 days after I ordered them (way ahead of the predicted schedule, awesome!), and the paper was semi-glossy (which made the photo look great), and the font was legible and went well with the green and gold background I had chosen. Cons: I recommend picking a photo where the subjects are slightly farther away because the photo really is the majority of the card - I picked a pretty close up shot and I think its a little overpowering! (So learn from my mistake!) Overall, this is a gorgeous and classy card, and I would absolutely recommend it."
"I love this holiday card! The paper quality is excellent (nice and sturdy) and our family photos look fantastic. I couldn't be happier with this purchase."


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« previous Page 171 of 259 next »
Fifty years after Robert and Donna Snow struggled through undergrowth to catch their first glimpse of the weathered beauty that would become their life's passion, Robert Snow can still recite even the smallest details. It is no wonder, perhaps, since that October morning in 1961 changed the course of his life, and was the salvation of Waverley Mansion.
When the mercury rises, we know it's summertime down here in the South. As we have all been told since we were young'uns, "It's hotter than blazes." Well, you don't have to succumb to the 100 degree temps without some hot options for beating the heat, at least when it comes to your hair. Nothing is more glamorous than an "updo" this summer. My favorites are right off the pages of In Style, Vogue and Harper's Bazaar.
Like most folks these days, I depend on technology to keep my life running smoothly, keep up with friends and family, and entertain myself for hours on end. But did you know that techie gadgets can actually help you get fit or even lose weight?
I read with interest this week that former New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin has been under investigation by federal authorities, and is having his day in court. You might remember him as mayor during the Hurricane Katrina crisis. That was a tragedy of Biblical proportions. Yet, Nagin may have added to the damage by making public statements during the disaster that were offensive and racist.
Admittedly, most minds may be more preoccupied with sunny beaches than Santa Claus this time of year, but those holidays will roll around sooner than we think. The Columbus Arts Council's Holiday Card Decorating Contest will accept entries through Friday, June 29, in three age categories: age 10 and below; 11-17; and 18 and up.
June sunlight spilling through the windows of St. Paul's Episcopal Church Parish Hall found many hands and light hearts at work on a recent Saturday morning. Amid the muted hum of portable sewing machines and murmur of casual chat and easy laughter, volunteers cut armholes, ironed bias tape, pinned trim and stitched straps.
I have a lot of friends who are writers. We have long conversations about theme and point of view and word count. We talk about fiction, for the most part. Although some write news and current events, creative writing is closer to our hearts.
I started experimenting with the ever-so-popular "green monster smoothies" earlier this summer in hopes of catapulting past a post out-of-town decorating
Original examples of suiboku-ga, the ancient art of Japanese brush painting, are rare sights in the United States -- and rarer still in the Golden Triangle. But through June 29, the work of artist Tsugako Shimada is on display at the Greater Starkville Development Partnership and at The Depot, next to Barnes & Noble on the Mississippi State campus.
June is the traditional month for weddings. I am often interested in the many ways brides and their mammas find to make the ceremony unique. It is, hopefully, a unique occasion in the young couple's lives. Of course, they want it to be different, at least in some little way, from all the others.
I confess there was a time between adolescence and my 30th birthday when I was addicted to the sun. Tanning beds were my best friends, along with silver reflective sun blankets and baby oil. The sun was my drug, and I was an addict.
It may be summer, but "school" is very much in session at Mississippi University for Women's Culinary Arts Institute. Throughout the month of June, emerging cooks are earning their aprons during week-long sessions at MUW's Culinary Camp for Kids.
For every new father who has cradled a newborn in his arms and fervently wished someone out there taught a course on becoming a good dad -- well, someone does. For each man aspiring to be a better role model for his children, a helping hand is extended. For any father willing to step up to heal fractured family relationships, support is waiting. Through weekly classes, the Fatherhood Initiative represents a committed network of people in the Golden Triangle who help dads fulfill their precious, irreplaceable roles in the lives of their children.
It was sad news last week when The Times Picayune, New Orleans' daily paper became New Orleans' three-day-a-week paper. After 175 years, the publication is going digital, and no more home delivery. Mon Dieu! What a tragedy.
I've always been captivated by the idea of having a thriving vegetable garden reminiscent of my great-grandparent's and Ryan's grandparents'. Most of my husband's childhood memories of both his maternal and paternal grandparents revolve around two things: their legendary green thumbs and, of course, the simple yet mouthwatering meals created from their garden bounty.
Excitement is building in West Point as the hour nears for the Missoula Theatre Company's auditions Monday at 10 a.m. to cast approximately 60 children in first through 12th grade for performances June 23 of "Jack and the Beanstalk."
Near the end of her life, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Eudora Welty (1909-2001) still lived in her parents' home in Jackson. Her mother's beloved garden she had helped tend there many years earlier, however, had all but disappeared -- a fact Welty lamented. Today, it has been restored to its former glory, thanks to garden designer and preservationist Susan Haltom and a committed core of volunteers.
Just the other day an age-old myth raised eyebrows at the salon amidst the yellow roses, somewhere near the current issue of Veranda and most definitely surrounded by two beautiful ladies sitting regally on my antique red settee.
Planting seeds for healthy living is a way of life for Lowndes County 4-H Agent Sharon Patrick, especially in her work at the Columbus Air Force Base.
Of all the benefits the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway has delivered to the Golden Triangle's doorstep, the American Wind Symphony Orchestra is surely one of the most unforgettable.
« previous Page 171 of 259 next »
1. Go crackers: An artisan baker's ingenuity opens new doors FOOD
2. Anne's Kitchen: From a Southern kitchen FOOD
3. Scrambled eggs baked in muffin tins make mornings easier FOOD
4. Cooking on deadline: Asian beef-and-mushroom burgers FOOD


text:
Product Description
This unit also includes a wind sensor, powered by the wireless outdoor transmitter that sends data back to the weather station. The main display reports the current wind speed in miles per hour as well as via a bar graph in the Beaufort Scale. It records the maximum wind gust record in a 128-second time period. The weather station presents the current wind chill and remembers the maximum and minimum chill values for any set period of time.
For added convenience, the weather station has an alarm clock with a 12- or 24-hour time mode, snooze feature, a calendar that displays the day of the week and numeric month and day, and a United States map icon that identifies your current time zone. For precise time- and date-keeping, the gadget has a built-in antenna system that receives signals from the WWVB radio transmitter in Fort Collins, Colorado, which is in turn is regulated by the atomic clock. The wireless weather station requires three AA batteries for the receiver, another two for the remote, and mounts on a wall or rests on a table for readouts. This unit is covered by a one-year warranty.


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Stinkwrinkle: A puckered anus, your butthole.
She forgot to wipe her stinkwrinkle and now it itches.
by Pikkel Weezel May 29, 2005
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heiney hole, butt hole
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Honey, you have a weird bump right on your stink wrinkle!
asshole sphincter cornhole starfish brown eye
asshole sphincter cornhole starfish brown eye
by IemFukTup August 27, 2010
He wanted to get all up in her stink wrinkle.
by Marcusinmilw October 30, 2011


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Skip to comments.Sarah Palin Interview with Sean Hannity Pt.1
Posted on 09/18/2008 12:09:56 AM PDT by WaveMan
Here's a video clip of the first part of Sean Hannity's interview with Sarah Palin.
No video.
What do you mean? It's right there... in the linke
There is no "Hannity" video showing up when I click the link.
Yeah.. works great .. which browser you using?
Donning flame-proof drawers...
You can see the whole interview on the Fox News site.
Try this link?
I just opened it. No Problem
I cannot get it either, and it is not blocked by my computer. I tried several times.
Anyway, Sarah was relaxed and wonderful. Thank you Sean.
My worry is that they are going to start asking her questions about her religion.
Speak in tongues? Believe in demons? That UK article on the pastor who prayed over Palin is a fringe charismatic — believes in praying down principalities of demons — (a mistaken idea of this whackjob named C Peter Wagner) is going to be fodder for the Dems. Sarah will really need to be clear and articulate about her beliefs about the Apostolic Prophetic Cult of this year's fake Lakeland Revival. Hope she's prepping for it.
But back to the interview. She's the answer to the economic woes, too! She's totally correct about cronyism on Wall Street — she went up against the Big Oil boys up North. Put those foreign oil dollars to work in USA.
What is the big deal about Bush and everyone not wanting to drill in Alaska? Is it true what that guy in the videos — the pastor who worked on the pipeline in teh 70's says about Kissinger working a deal with the Saudis to buy our debt and keep oil on the Dollar? He said earlier this year this is why we have to bomb Iran — they don't want to peg their oil to the dollar.
Can't remember the guys name. He has videos all over YouTube about the oil stuff. He predicted the five dollar a gallon price two years ago. Said that we can't drill in Alaska because that puts off the Kissinger deal with the Saudis?
She switched to a mainstream Evangelical Church back in 2002, reportedly because she and Todd felt the old one was way out there, if you will.
Just finished watching it on my G5 Mac tower using Safari. Worked fine.
Do you have Flip4Mac on your computer? If not, download it and install it.
On the other hand, this appears to be a Flash Movie... so do you have Adobe Flash installed?
Sarah is the 'us' we wish we could be!
As opposed to the One who thinks we were waiting for 'him'.
Awesome job! Every time I see her speak in various formats, I am more impressed! She held her own with grace and style against that arrogant, condescending dipwad (who, by the way, should NEVER get another interview with VP Palin), and simply shone in this interview. I like how she consulted "the girls" (her daughters) about the VP nod, and asked them to vote whether or not she should take it. This comforts me, knowing that Bristol was not an unfortunate victim of her mother's ambition as old media has OF COURSE painted it. Palin is the real thing, an American who has the right temperament, resolve, and smarts to be VP and President.
LOL! And 'Linseed' Graham hands him a pink, lace hankie...
Ping to self
She also was quick to explain the financial problem as CEO greed rather than the desire of the Dems and weak Republicans to get nice new homes into the hands of the disadvantaged.
In reality, both causes contributed. Those CEOs had fiduciary responsibility to the shareholders (and the public backers in the case of FANNIE and FREDDIE) and were more concerned with quarterly growth - that drove up their compensation - than properly assessing and mitigating excessive risks. I'd like to see a special prosecutor and a forensic accountant look at Franklin Raines performance during his tenure. I cannot believe he and his fellow CEOs in the failed institutions exercised due diligence. While we're at it, I'd like to see an evaluation of the board of directors at these institutions.
That said, there is no denying the complicity of Barney Frank, Chris Dodd and who knows how many other legislators in this. I think the public deserves a special prosecutor now...
that's some really nice art! Such depth of emotion - so much told in one captured moment. I must forward it to my friends today.
I should have noted that I realize that Franklin Raines is an ex-CEO of FANNIE - but he pulled out $90M over 6 years up to 2005. We need to look at him as well as the one at the helm when the bubble burst...
It is not her job in this interview to point out that the Wall Street greed was caused primarily by Dems; that's OUR job. And it is McCain's job (and ours) to point out that he and President Bush tried to stop the catastrophe, but that the greedy, traitorous Dems stopped the reform efforts. Why his campaign isn't highlighting this is beyond me; it would be a GREAT poke against both Obama and the miserable approval ratings of Congress and how since 2006, it's been "business as usual", or re-arranging deck chairs on the Titanic (LOL).
Our new mantra should be: McCain, right on the surge, right on the need for reform in Washington and Wall Street, and right for the American people. (And we are all in a position to add that this whole mess is due to the stealing by the Dems.)
A new ad (idea blithely stolen from National Review!) for McCain should show his 2005 comments scrolling across his and Palin's faces, then showing Raines' and Franks' comments scrolling across Obama's face, with the tag: We can't afford the mistakes Obama's advisors have made, and we can't afford Obama.
I can relate to that. I left an AOG way back in 1999 and believe it or not it cost me my marriage. Talk about way out there, these guys were like Kenneth Copeland on steriods.
Your point about President Bush and "everyone not wanting to drill in Alaska" is unclear to me.
It SEEMED to say that Bush is part of a large group ("everyone"?) not wanting to drill in Alaska, because of a deal Henry Kissinger made with the Saudis.
First, Bush wants to drill not only in Alaska - newsflash to you...there's already drilling in Alaska...but he also wants drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (known as ANWR). He and most - not all - Republicans have been trying for years to allow drilling in ANWR only to have the Democrats in Congress block them at every turn.
Bill Clinton even had a measure on his desk to drill there, and he vetoed it.
Since then, one cannot get through the House or Senate to even get on President Bush's desk.
I don't know anything about the Kissinger deal with SA, but even if true, Bush would not do or fail to do something on the basis of Henry Kissinger.
I've tried it in IE. Firefox and Chrome - works great in all of them...
Only a granola-eatin' lib would run something like MacOS or Safari...:P
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text:
Picked up my new Business Cards last week while I was in New York.
Embossed on Crane's Lettra Pearl White sheets.
I know the photo quality doesn't do them justice, but I'm too stupid/lazy to figure out our proper camera. Hope you like them anyway :)
Let me know your thoughts.
First time I've designed something for embossing actually.
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By Erin Murray, Army Flier Staff WriterDecember 15, 2011
FORT RUCKER, Ala. -- The Army National Guard celebrated its 375th birthday Dec. 13 with a ceremony at the USAACE Headquarters Building. Pvt. Leanne N. Creasy, junior cake cutter, and Col. Mark W. Weiss, senior cake cutter did the honors at the ceremony.


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Cleanse and purify your body in our Spa Facilities including sauna and steam rooms, or simply sink into the spa bath to be stimulated and soothed.
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text:
Silk Stalkings (1991–1999)
Episode List
Season 8
26 Jul. 1998Do You Believe in Magic?
A woman's split personality gives life to a murderous ventriloquist's dummy.
2 Aug. 1998If the Shoe Fits
Tom and Cassy' s investigation into the murder of a TV news director leads them to suspect both a prominent reporter and her assistant.
9 Aug. 1998Passion and the Palm Beach Detectives
Tom and Cassy pursue a well known romance novelist who they suspect in a string of murders.
16 Aug. 1998All the World's a Stage
A popular actress Tom and Cassy are told to help study for a new film role interferes with their investigation of an immigrant' s murder
23 Aug. 1998Forever
When Tom is shot to keep him from testifying in a murder trial, Cassy goes undercover to catch the man who ordered it.
30 Aug. 1998Hidden Agenda
Lipschitz's first love turns up dead after asking him for protection from an aging mobster.
4 Oct. 1998Sins of the Mother
Tom and Cassy expose an IRS agent's apparent suicide as murder.
11 Oct. 1998Fear and Loathing in Palm Beach
A suicide investigation exposes a noted therapist's conspiracy to murder his wife.
18 Oct. 1998The Loneliest Number
An investigation of a wanted killer's suicide leads Cassy to uncover the dead man's relationship with her mother.
29 Nov. 1998Dead Again... and Again
After saving a mystery woman from an attack, Tom is drawn into a plot to kill her wealthy husband.
6 Dec. 1998Behind the Music
Tom and Cassy investigate a series of murder attempts on a pair of conntroversial vee-jays.
13 Dec. 1998Honor Among Thieves
A local artist is murdered during the theft of an Old Master's priceless drawing.
17 Jan. 1999Strange Bedfellows
Cassy's investigation into a hit and run death leads to aU. S. Senator's suicide.
24 Jan. 1999It's the Great Pumpkin, Harry
Harry tries to avoid his wife's annual Halloween costume party, only to end up in deep trouble himself.
28 Feb. 1999Killer App
The investigation into a software developer's murder leads Tom and Cassy to a ruthless brother and sister team of venture capitalists.
7 Mar. 1999Dance Fever
The investigation into the murder of a Latin dance champion points to his girlfriend and ex-partner.
21 Mar. 1999Cook's Tour
A chef's sudden death on the eve of a lucrative cooking contest lead Tom and Cassy to investigate.
28 Mar. 1999Where and When
As she and Tom investigate the murder of a famous race car driver's wife, Cassy recalls memories of a past life.
4 Apr. 1999A Clockwork Florida Orange
Tom and Cassy's investigation into the murder of convenience store owner exposes a power hungry high school student's vengeful scheme.
11 Apr. 1999Dream Weavers
A group of determined young college graduates extort wealthy businessman through promises to fulfill their wildest sexual fantasies.
18 Apr. 1999Noir: Part 1
Know what this is about?
Be the first one to add a plot.
Be the first one to add a plot.
18 Apr. 1999Noir: Part 2
Tom finds he's been set up as he struggles to clear his name in a murder investigation.
« Season 7 | Season 8


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Experimenting with some loading spinner ideas. Will probably go for something way more subtle but what's Dribbble for if not for posting impractically cool-looking things?
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