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New business expected in old Jockey Hollow restaurant
Stefan Hard / Staff Photo An old sign remains in a window as a new front takes shape on the former Jockey Hollow Restaurant building on Route 14 in Barre Town. New owner Malone Properties is transforming the building.
BARRE TOWN After standing vacant for several years, a once-popular pizza place that was something of a local landmark is undergoing an extreme makeover courtesy of an owner who decided it was time for something completely different.
Even Pat Malone isnt sure what that something is yet, but hes got an idea, and hes pretty certain the South Barre building that housed Jockey Hollow Restaurant for many years, and never really caught on as anything else, wont be another eating establishment.
Malone recently decided to start almost from scratch when it comes to the building that still sports a Take Out sign in one of its front windows, a remnant of its last incarnation as Caesars Fare. That restaurant, which opened in 2006 and closed two years later, didnt last nearly as long as the one that borrowed its name Jockey Hollow from its location. The building, which housed Jockey Hollow Restaurant from 1970 to 2004, has been empty since Caesars Fare closed in 2008.
Malone said Monday he is in negotiations with a national company that has expressed interest in most of the space now under construction and predicted it will take on the look of a service building complete with an overhead door in coming weeks.
Malone said it was premature to name the prospective tenant but said things should firm up in the next couple of weeks and that the work, which started a week ago, should be finished by the end of April.
Although a two-story section of the old restaurant is still standing, most of the rest has been replaced resolving a problem that can be traced to the buildings limited ceiling height and a floor plan that was anything but wide open.
Though Malone would have preferred to demolish the building and simply recycle its foundation, that wasnt possible due to setback requirements that were enacted after the restaurant was built.
Chris Violette, Barre Towns director of planning and zoning, said the building was 10.5 feet too close to Route 14 to meet the 50-foot setback requirements. Instead of demolishing the building, Malone obtained permission from the Development Review Board to modify the nonconforming structure last month.
Transforming the old restaurant is the final piece of Malones redevelopment of a 1.5-acre parcel that includes four other buildings three leased by Tibbits Equipment Services Inc. and the fourth rented by local race car driver Nick Sweet.
That mix of tenants, and the space they require, has put a premium on on-site parking and steered Malone away from entertaining another eatery.
The location is a little tough for a restaurant, he said.
Although Malone is hoping to land a tenant for the bulk of the building, at least a portion of the 5,000-square-foot structure will likely be available.
It will probably be a two-tenant situation, he said, suggesting existing space in what was a second-floor banquet room will be available for lease after the work is finished.
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|13 Reviews
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 nights
This Apartment is on a wonderfully quiet tree lined cul de sac in a leafy suburb of London.
The area is more like a village, yet so close to the heart of London.
This beautiful ground floor apartment has been stylishly refurbished in 2012 to a high standard.
It has a large, spacious living room with LCD TV with Freeview,and internet Wifi connection. The quality sofa is also a sofa bed . The self-contained kitchen has a dishwasher, washer, oven, microwave, hob extractor,and dining table for four people. Kitchen is furnished with a comprehensive range of crockery,cutlery and utensils to ensure and comfortable stay in your 'home from home' The doors of the lounge and kitchen lead to outside deck where you can have your breakfast, afternoon tea or just sit and enjoy with glass of wine. The deck leads down steps into the garden. The bathroom is mosaic-tiled. The bedroom comfortably fits a king sized bed and has plenty of storage space.
In the local area you will find everything you need for a great stay; there are supermarkets, cafés, restaurants and take away, all within walking distance of the house.
The area has great public transport links, and getting around is very simple and convenient.
The nearest bus stop is 3 minutes walk from the house, with buses going towards Notting Hill, Brent Cross shopping centre, Golders Green and Wembley.
Nearest Airport : Heathrow airport at 10.71 Miles
Nearest Ferry : Newhaven at 55.29 Miles
Nearest Train : Wembley Park station at 0.92 Miles
Nearest Bar pub : The George at 0.26 Miles
Nearest Restaurant : Lili Wong Restaurant at 0.38 Miles
Car: not necessary but lots of parking space available .
It is the perfect location for tourists or holiday makers who wish to experience the beauty of London city while staying away from the hustling and bustling of the city.
This is a perfect location for people that want a very relaxing holiday or visit. It is also a great location for those that are coming over to participate in an event or conference in the fabulous Wembley stadium,
Wembley area is swamped with restaurants, bars, Indian cuisine, Chinese restaurants and takeaways.
For somewhere lovely to stay in London,this is the place to be!
Enjoy the lovely garden in a peaceful part of town away from busy streets, yet close to everything!
A quiet area, green and clean, feels safe dy and night, near to parks and yet close to amenities.
We are a family of 2 that spent 11 fantastic days in London. We are very happy of had been in this apartment because it is perfect. The apartment is so nice an clean, it is well located, very close of the underground station , with buses going towards Notting Hill, Brent Cross shopping centre, Golders Green and Wembley. The nearest bus stop is 3 minutes walk from the house. The owner, is so kind she explained us all we have to know about the apartment, the surroundings, the bus stop. We recommend insistently this apartment for a family that want to have a good time in London.
Our family of four greatly enjoyed this lovely apartment. It was very conveniently located for our activities in London each day, and we felt so at home when we returned each evening.
The apartment was very comfortable (including the bed and sofabed) and so pleasant, with every convenience. We highly recommend this as a base for exploring London, and we hope to have an occasion to return!
We stayed at the property with our two small children for a month as we needed some work done in our house. It has everything a family needs to feel at home. Quiet neighborhood and within easy reach of Wembley Park tune station and local supermarkets. The place is clean and furnished to high standard. Ideal for self catering. Would stay there again. Recommend it highly.
The listing does not do this flat justice. The accommodation has everything one might need and is very convenient for all areas of London and beyond. It was clean and very well furnished. The owner and her family made every attempt to make us feel welcome - even greeting us with a cup of tea - a very welcome sight after a trans Atlantic trip! They had also put milk, bread and butter in the kitchen for us I would definitely recommend this flat and I hope it is available for my next trip to the UK.
We are a Solicitor-Advocate senior couple holidaying in London for the last 40 years.At last we found a apartment just right of our choice in Leith Close.Each description of the place what we got on the net is perfect.
It is clean, neat and minute needs are looked after.Right from the bedroom with comfy bed to the drawing and kitchen is equipped with lovely decore.
It being a garden flat and greenery around is plenty.Around the place there is a scope of long walks.
It is indeed "A Home Away from Home"We relaxed there so much that we are already planning to there again.
This is a very clean,well decorated and mainteined flat in a quite residential area not far from central London.It's large enough for a family(2 adults,2 teenagers),with many facilities such as wi-fi,a secluded garden, etc that make your stay very comfortable.It's warm in winter and has a lot of hot water.There are many supermarkets so close by and in few minutes you can reach the nearest bus station.The underground station is close too.The owners were polite, correct and friendly.We couldn't reccomended this flat enough and hope to come back again and again.Thank you Yardena and Hadar for share your house with us.We had a great stay and will reccomanded it to all our friends and relatives in Italy.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Jul 1 2016 - Aug 31 2016
3 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
|No additional mandatory fees

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97 reviews | 4.7 out of 5
Excellent quality all-round TV. AND good value to boot! Bought it for a Christmas present in 2012. I paid $548 for the TV from WalMart and had it delivered locally. I thought I was getting a relatively good TV, but then my expectations were exceeded greatly after hooking it up. I am also upgrading from a 32" LCD, so take this with a grain of salt...but so far this is the best TV i've owned. (1) 2D-->3D conversion is great once you figure out proper settings for each application (photos and movies require different manual settings -- TV is user friendly though so easy to figure out)
(2) Sound quality on TV is just okay...but the Soundbar makes up for this.
(3) Picture is crystal clear --> the clarity and color of this tv exceeds more expensive ones I was looking at. Why I rated features 4/5 as opposed to Perfect Score--
(1) I wish this was a Smart TV so I could connect to WIFI directly from the TV. I compared with some VIZIO's that were Smart, but the premium in price was not worth having a smart TV.
SOLUTION: Hook up a Blu-Ray player that has WIFI through HDMI and you have a "Smart TV" for $$$ less than similar products.
This tv was easy to setup. The picture looks great and it has a lot of options to mess with. A couple things to clarify are that it does come with 4 pair of glasses, it is 60 hz, it has the 2d-3d conversion function, and it does not connect to the internet. I got a blu ray player that does hook up to the internet so the online capabilities of the tv can be overlooked in this situation. The soundbar is fairly loud and most rooms should easily be able to hear it without maxing the volume out.
Gorgeous picture quality. Doesn't get much better in this price range. 3D is extremely cool and 2D to 3D conversion is better than expected. I'm not using the soundbar, but I've heard it in action and it's pretty decent. No blurring noted in sports and such even though it's 60hz. LG has a firmware update which is easy to do. Go to their website, download the update to your computer, copy it to a folder on a USB jump drive, plug the USB jump drive into the USB port, turn the TV on and it will update itself. Only complaint is that I wish it had more than 2 HDMI ports, but I can make do and might buy a splitter switch. Probably the best 3D HDTV available in this price range, imo. Highly recommended.
So far so good.... The picture and sound is good. The 3d ranges from nonexistent to theater quality, depending on the color contrast and depth. It is very easy to set up. The wall mount included does not seem strong or sturdy enough so I am buying a different one. Overall it is a great purchase.
I find that using the sound bar and TV sound gives it an "echo" effect. so I either have to have the tv sound up or the sound bar up to get rid of the echo'ing. kids love the 3D esp when they play their Wii games. you can sit pretty much anywhere and the picture quality is the same.. very vivid love the many options it gives you in viewing the shows.
I've had this tv for a little over a week now and I'm very impressed. I was in a bit of a bind when my 4 year old JVC died one day while watching it. I needed a replacement fast, but didn't want to just buy something and then hate it later. I did a lot of research and comparison shopping and this was by far the best deal I could find. Set Up:
The set up couldn't be any easier. You'll spend more time putting the base together than you will actually programming the tv. The menus are clear and intuitive and there are plenty of options should you want to customize your setting even further. There are several viewing options and a picture wizard that will set up the picture just as you'd like. Really, it couldn't get any easier. Picture Quality:
All the reviews mention how great the picture is, but I dismissed it thinking they were new to flat screens or new to HD television. I was wrong the picture is AMAZING! I've been impressed since the first time I turned it on. The picture is bright, crisp and very clear. You will be amazed. 3D Settings:
Super easy to use. 2D to 3D is a neat option and it works. Simply put on the classes (4 pair come with the tv) and click the button and you're watching your favorite show in 3D. Pretty cool. Hook it up to a 3D capable device and your 3D movie never looked better, especially on this amazing super clear screen. Sound:
Lots of people have commented on our poor the sounds. It's not movie theater quality but it's fine and what you would expect from a tv. You have a few options. You can use the tv speakers, the sound bar, or both side bar and speakers. The tv comes with the option to turn off the tv speakers, allowing you to just use the sound bar. I recommend just using the sound bar. The tv speakers can be customized to your listening preferences but you'll get a better fuller sound from the sound bar itself. The sound bar comes with it's own remote, which does control the tv too as well as it's own mounting brackets. It hooks too the tv using the supplied Digital Optical Audio Cable. The tv comes with two remotes. One for the tv itself, which can control the sound bar as well. Or a small remote for the sound bar and does have basic tv functions as well. It's a nice perk having two remotes. There are some other great features, but this review is getting long. The important thing is the tv is awesome and for the price you can't beat it. It works great and has an amazing picture. Don't hesitate at all to buy this product.
Met my expectations. Very good 3D TV. I like the passive glasses. Arrived on time with Walmart, good price at just over $500. Was easy to set up. The soundbar only functions with this TV requiring a special cable that was included, but can't be used with a standard TV (was going to use with a different TV...). Other than that little unexpected twist, we are really enjoying the TV.
Very good picture quality. Controls and features are fairly intuitive which is good because the user's manuals are minimalist and lacking in detail. Very quick and easy set up. The TV's internal speakers were better than I expected. I used those for a few days before connecting the soundbar. However, the soundbar is quite disappointing. Unlike with the TV's internal speakers there is no way to adjust sound settings (base, treble, clear voice, etc.) on the soundbar. When I bought my TV, the feature list included the mention of surround sound. That is either not true or if there is a way to set this feature it is neither intuitively obvious nor is it mentioned anywhere in either the TV manual or the separate manual for the soundbar. I'm not sure if this particular television is available for purchase (for less money) without the soundbar. There is an LM3400 model without soundbar. I do not know if it is the same television though perhaps it is just as good. If so, I would not recommend spending the extra money for the soundbar bundle. Better to buy a higher quality separate sound system. When looking to purchase a large flat screen TV, I was concerned with finding one that produced a very high quality picture with sharp resolution and deep blacks. This TV delivers in spades. I was not looking specifically for a TV with 3D features, but figured that could be a bonus. I'm underwhelmed with the 3D feature, but maybe that's just me. Anyway, I'm thrilled with the regular 2D picture quality and generally like the TV, but again, I feel the extra dollars for the soundbar package could be put to better use by applying them to a separate audio system which I expect I will end up buying at some point. One last issue: on two occasions so far, both the TV's on board controls (on/off, channel, volume, etc.) and the controls on the remote simply failed to function at all. In order to even turn the TV off, I had to unplug it. When plugged back in everything functioned again, but I am going to keep close tabs on this problem to see if it recurs or gets worse (I have had the set for 8 days). If so, I will consider it unacceptable and insist on a lasting repair or replacement during the warranty period.
This TV is a great value for 3D technology, with amazing picture quality. Even the picture quality in regular channels is pretty good when watched in 3D. The sound bar is a plus, and would cost substantially more if purchased separately. We would definitely recommend this particular set to a friend.
The picture quality is superb on this set. I went from a 32" sanyo 720p to this and the difference is huge. Every looks way better. I cant really comment on the speakers built into the device, or the soundbar that comes with it as i don't use either of those. I have it hooked up to a 3D bluray 5.1 surround sound system. I will say that the sanyo had an issue where certain explosions where crackly, even when having the aduio put out to my surround sound, where as since I've used this tv the issue has stopped completely even though nothing else has changed. All in all if you're looking for a good picture, at an affordable price get this tv. Only downside s that its 60hz and isn't a smart t.v.
Knowing that I was not willing to pay a high price for a television, I did not have high expectations. I have been pleased with it's performance. It really has a nice picture. The sound bar was a nice extra. I have no complaints.
This LG 3D tv comes with a soundbar AND four pairs of 3D glasses! The picture is awesome on regular (2D), 3D-conversion from 2D, and 3D blu-rays. It came about a week before I was expecting it. It was easy to set-up.
Recently updated from an old 2001 32" Panasonic TV. This 42" LG Flatscreen/3D TV is absolutely amazing. It came with a sound bar that's not needed but is still awesome. Came with 4 - 3D glasses. TV can be switched from 2D to 3D at anytime. Can watch regular programming in 3D which is pretty cool. Was easy to set up out the box. Didn't even need the book to figure it out! HA - LOL This is my first flatscreen TV ever. It is lighter, brighter, bigger, yet thinner and has more options than I could ever ask for. The picture is just amazing especially on HD and movies are like wow. I was very skeptical buying something like this online but have been very pleased and would buy it all over again. It arrived just a few days after purchased, a lot sooner than I had anticipated.
Set-up was easy, shame it only has 2 HDMI ports. I had to buy a splitter to hook up every thing that I had, 3D player,computer,direct tv, picture is good. 3D movies are good. 2D to 3D isn't that great. over-all for the money it is a good deal, like it better than the vizio 3D it replaced.
I'm very happy with my purchase of this LG 3D HDTV. I can't yet comment on the clarity of this particular model because at the time of this writing I'm still awaiting true 1080 signal services from Verizon, but I've seen similar (non-3D) models with FIOS signal and the picture is freakishly sharp, so I'm looking forward to that. In the meantime, the 3D feature *rocks!* We get a 3D content channel from our current cable TV provider and watching 3D iMAX content and other 3D content on this television is a very enjoyable experience. The 3D glasses are passive, light, inexpensive, and not too fatiguing to wear/watch shows with for an hour or so at a time. Pair this TV with surround sound and you truly will have a cinematic experience at home.
This unit meets all my expectations, a beautiful pic. and with the sound bar great sound. Hope to get many years of service from this TV.
Has all the features I wanted except WiFi. Easy to install. Great picture. Sound was good with the attached speaker bar, but not what I wanted. This was not a factor, as I use a surround sound receiver. Overall, I'm very pleased with it.
I would definitely recommend this to someone looking for a TV. The picture quality is excellent, the sound is very clear/loud. Anyone who says that a 42" TV isn't big enough obviously has not experienced what this TV has to offer.
This is a reaally great TV. I have contemplated getting a 3D TV for a few years but had never had the money or ability to watch 3D. I have what is called Amblyopia or Lazy Eye and my one eye does most of my seeing (sight is corrected to 20/200 in the lazy eye) so the old 3D with the red and blue lenses was NOT an option for me but this is great!!! I was also lucky enough to find a pair of clip on LG 3D glasses to clip on to my prescription glasses so I don't have to have 2 pair of glasses on!!! Also got the LG 3D Blu-ray player to go with this TV. Also the sound bar is great and adds really great sound. I even had to upgrade my cable receiver to HD just to watch the great programs!!!
We really loved it! you can see all your favorite programs is 3D!!! it is just AMAZING!!!!!


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There are also a few "Strange" characters at te populair tag section.
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Anyone any idea what's happening here?


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Queens Gambit Declined
+BiaginiThis defense is very playable as Radjabov illustrated.Nd5 can be prevented with c6.
Nf3 Nf6
Nxe5 Qe2 Not bad!
It's setting up a strong point. Fianchetto the bishop,a d6/e5 pawn chain and you've got something a little like a kings indian.The plan is to carefully turn the center into a clenched fist.
A Greek IM has won many games as black playing that.
Of course it not such a bad move, but if white knows what he's doing he will get some regular advantage without much effort.
Bad defense, moves queens very early, not have development and white with 3.Nc3 threat play 4.Nd5.
Dzindzi said that this is an offbeat opening that cannot be refuted
looks very interesting to me. seems like it shuts down Ng5 i like it
Not a good defense.It seems that many amatuers lst their queen easily in this defense.Negative development.
@ haas321
I take it you mean the queen
I've done The McConnell defence but never this one.
not smart because it puts the king in the middle
I know it traps the kingside bishop, puts the king and queen on the same file, and it's a pretty weak way to develop, but for some reason, it looks like something worth trying...
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Customer reviews for Columbia PFG Yellowtail Polarized Sport Sunglasses
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Polarized lenses keep the glare out. Semi-rimless framework with 8-Base curvature provides ample coverage and unobstructed downward vision. Durable yet lightweight framework with open-temple design offers all-day comfort and easy air circulation. Gripol nosepads and temple tips grip securely, becoming "tacky" when in contact with moisture for extra grip during all activity.
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Bill Frist Tells GOP to Snuggle With Health-Care Reform
The former Senate majority leader doesn't back repeal.
Former Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist is urging his Republican colleagues not to repeal health-care reform but build on it, make it better, and perhaps read it a bedtime story. "[The bill] has many strong elements," he said at a press conference. "And those elements, whatever happens, need to be preserved, need to be cuddled, need to be snuggled, need to be promoted and need to be implemented." [HuffPo]


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The Bump Baby Registry
Now is the perfect time to start your Baby Registry!START A REGISTRY
My breasts aren't leaking. Does this mean my milk won't come in?
Some mamas leak; some don't. It's really that simple. Not leaking doesn't have anything to do with your ability to breastfeed. Rest assured that your body is already producing colostrum (the thick, nutrient-rich milk that baby will receive in her first few days) — it just might not come out until baby starts to suck. Stop worrying and consider yourself lucky; leaky breasts can be embarrassing and annoying.


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Thibodaux game night is a hit
Published: Sunday, August 24, 2008 at 8:00 a.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, August 23, 2008 at 11:12 p.m.
THIBODAUX The first ever Trivia Night to benefit a Lafourche organization for disability issues raised more than $4,000 in what organizers described as a rowdy night of questions and answers at the Thibodaux Civic Center.
It is beyond our wildest dreams, said Captain Glen Gomez, a former radio personality and current Terrebonne library employee who wrote the questions for the trivia event and helped organize the night.
Gomez said 23 teams, each allowed up to six people members, showed up to test their knowledge on 100 questions in 10 categories.
The winning team, Team Amnesia, captained by Houma trivia king Ken Royston who runs a monthly trivia match at the Terrebonne Public Library took home $450 in gift cards and $180 in cash.
In trivia tradition, the only other prize went to the last-place team, who left with $120 in cash, Gomez said.
Youre either first (or) they encourage you to come back there if youre last, he added.
The night benefited the nonprofit Lafourche Mayors Committee on Disability Issues, a group established by Lafourche Parish professionals to increase awareness, provide support and advocate for individuals with disability.
The group holds an annual banquet to honor residents with disabilities as well as service workers, employers, employees and others for outstanding work that benefits people with disabilities.
The group also has hosted a guest speaker on mental illness for locals struggling with mental illness or interested in the topic, and put on a service-agency fair in Raceland that offered participants a chance to gain information from 42 governmental and nonprofit agencies. In addition, the committee plans to start soon on a project that will help Lafourche restaurants offer menus in Braille and large print.
The committees fundraisers had so far been limited to small potluck or plate-lunch fundraisers, involving members only, and community donations.
The success of the Trivia Night has organizers already planning the next, Gomez said.
I would say the germination of the second one is already under way It was a boisterous crowd, it was a laughing crowd, Gomez said. It was an event where people had a good time.
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ANYWAY this could work with my htc one? i have an apex tv that i can not get to work with the stock tv remote app.
i AM EXCITED about the ubuntu phone definitively
On what grounds
Their is a video of it in action and the way it changes to the android tablet they take it off the dock and it switches.
[ATTACH] thanks bro downloaded the rom for the wallpaper
well i don't have a samsung galaxy tab i have my nexus and love the wallpaper so i was hoping you could just post it thanks
you need to post that man :)
their you go guys
Can you post the lockscreen wallpaper its sick
I agree about the wallpaper on the lockscreen would love to get it
Would you allow someone to port it and giving you credit since sourcery isn't compatiable with sourcery but we have a theme section of the rom...
Is their a chance this theme will be pprted to other roms op, preferably sourcery. Thanks
droid charge
Only problem I find is when you search you still have the white on white error and you can't see the words.
i don't like ios at one time i was a huge fan but never was against android just loved android then i got my first android powered smart phone the...
if anyone reads the comic he's been dead since the 4th issue and thankfully i might add he was a d!ck
It isn't touchwiz ui so it eon't come preinstalled you will probably have to download the installer
Yes it would since the hack the one guy showed was a picture on hisnphone only thing though is the picture would have to be the one person's...
Question how did u get the status icons in your picture I looked at liquid 1.6 screenshots and don't see it in notification bar
Sent from my...
i might pic this up instead of the tbolt i like the slim factor like my fascinate but i want to see if it will have as many devs as the tbolt...
i would also get the samsung one for the battery life most of my time would be in a wifi area when on it since i wouldn't need it when driving and...


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Northeasterners in Delhi Deserve Better
Last month, a 19-year-old Naga girl was murdered in New Delhi. She was strangled and her body burned after she reportedly turned down the advances of her neighbor.
The protest and demonstrations that followed raised awareness of a dark aspect of our society: When it comes to racism, those from the northeast often suffer disproportionately in the capital.
The city is a harsh environment for millions of its citizens, of course, but those from our northeastern states frequently are singled out for abuse because they look different and often dress different.
At a time when we are quick to slam the Australians for racist abuse of Indian students there, we should take the time to consider how our own city is treating its immigrants – even from within India.
The Northeast Support Centre – a New Delhi-based non-governmental organization that helps northeastern youth living in Delhi – estimates that as many as 86% of the roughly 100,000 northeastern people in the capital have been victims of some racial discrimination over the last two years. Some 20 cases of sexual harassment and racial abuse against northeastern women have been reported in the capital this year. The organization's website has listed details of 47 cases of racial discrimination since its inception in October 2007.
There are seven states in northeast India - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. Roughly, 15,000 people come from there to Delhi every year. Almost 4,000 are admitted annually to Delhi University alone.
"Media is abuzz with reports of racial abuse against Indians abroad, but episodes of attacks on India's northeastern crowd remain obscure," says Madhu Chandra, spokesman of the Northeast Support Centre.
Racial discrimination – from frequent taunts to physical abuse -- against the people of the northeast has never been confronted with any sense of urgency or seriousness. It is not just girls from the northeast who fear for their safety; the boys, too, have similar concerns. From harassment by landlords to non-payment of salaries or suspension without notice, their woes are lengthy. Recently, a 22-year-old Manipur boy was roughed up by locals and a couple beaten by store managers because of their short stature and distinctive features.
"We are singled out because we look different," says 26-year-old Ritika Lama from Assam, who works as a hair-stylist in New Delhi. Ms. Lama says she always sticks with people of her own community to avoid being isolated when she encounters abuse.
Many northeasterners complain police and government authorities are unhelpful and frequently blame the victims' attire for racial attacks.
"The mindset in north India is that men have power over women physically," says Ranjana Kumari, director of New Delhi-based Center for Social Research, a think tank. "This is why they cannot stand the freedom of sexuality enjoyed by men and women in the northeast."
In a capital that strives to be modern – and where hundreds of thousands of foreign visitors will congregate next autumn – we should expect better treatment for our own.
—Vibhuti Agarwal is a reporter in WSJ's New Delhi bureau
India Journal
India Journal provides unique and provocative analysis of business, finance and life in India, featuring guest columnists reporting from the front lines of commerce and The Wall Street Journal's team of correspondents reporting from across South Asia.
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text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Director: Ceazar Capone
Companies: Vivid Entertainment Group, Club Jenna
Cast: Jeremy Holmes, Jessika Bleu, J.T. (I), Daisy Duxxx, Angelique Jorgan, Jordan Avery, Angelica Lane, Jordan Ashley, Devon Lee
Critical Rating: AAAA
Look out of the window of the high-rise apartment where most of these scenes were shot, and you'll see the Miami skyline, not L.A. ? which may explain why the acting and patter of MILF School 2 seem refreshingly fresh. It comes across as somewhat amateur, but not stupid amateur, if you catch our drift.
Two scenes stand out: One with petite blonde Jessika Bleu, an exercise fan who does a few sit-ups before getting down to doggie, reverse cowgirl and a beautifully energetic cowgirl on the couch before being turned over for mish on the coffee table; and the finale with Daisy Duxxx in reverse cowgirl, doggie and mish.
Retailing: The gals barely seem old enough for MILF ? but fans won't mind.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Sep 9, 1997
|Filing date
|Nov 19, 1993
|Priority date
|Nov 25, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Reinhard Schiffel, Klaus Jackel, Bruno Stadler, Holger Vogel, Andreas Hachenberger, Detlef Herold
|Original Assignee
|Jenoptik Communications Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (9), Classifications (6), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a radiotelephony system according to the introductory part of claim 1.
Multi-user systems for the radio-supported connection of telephone subscribers to the public telephone network are widely used. The following categories are principally involved:
1. Radio Networks
These are primarily characterized by roaming and handover (overload) functions with all the consequences resulting therefrom for network control, and the need to be able to use mobile equipment at high speeds of up to 200 km/h and the resultant requirements to be met by the radio transmission process.
2. Checker Networks
Like the mobile radio networks, these have the roaming and handover properties, but with regard to subscriber range, territorial area, functionality and especially access to the public systems they are subject to the above-named limitations.
3. Systems Based on Cordless Telephone Technology
In this case, systems are primarily offered which are to disconnect the cordless telephone from a particular main connection and extend the territorial range of use to the area of a PABX by inserting a handover.
4. DAL (Wireless Connection Line [hereinafter WCL])
These are characterized by the wireless connection of stationary subscribers in a subscriber-equal connection of the radio transmission. That is to say, in the telephone exchange a subscriber connection is present for each subscriber, and the radio transmission apparatus is inserted between these subscriber connections and the radio subscribers.
5. Rural Networks
These are characterized by the fact that from a main central office or repeating center they produce a point-to-multipoint connection in territorially widely separated areas, and radio links are used. Channel groups are transmitted, which can be split up in the transmission path into several planes and are transferred to a number of endpoints. From these endpoints the subscribers are connected usually by cable routes, and if radio is used a channel-equal connection is usually made. No switching functions are created in rural networks.
Radiotelephone systems are widely used, and are usually designed as mobile telephone systems. For this reason they are constructed as cellular systems and overlappingly serve a larger area in which they enable subscribers to have mobile connection to telephone traffic. For this purpose these systems must perform overload and roaming functions, i.e., the subscriber using a mobile telephone has to be "forwarded" when changing from one cell to an adjacent cell, and the system must remember the current location of a mobile subscriber to be able to send a call to that subscriber.
These systems therefore operate generally with an overlay network which connects the individual radio cells to one another and through which the entire control of the system as well as the telephone connections of the subscribers are connected. Only at a few select points does this overlay network have transitions into the public telephone network. Connections from one network into the other can be produced by special dialing.
On account of these apparatus, mobile telephone systems are substantially more expensive than stationary telephone service, which has an effect both on the flat rates and on the call charges.
Another difference from the standard telephone is that special terminal equipment is used, which in the first place is expensive, since the radio components have to be capable of mobile use, and in the second place it is different in operation from standard telephones.
The mobile telephone system is therefore employed mainly in the expansion of an existing and fully developed stationary telephone system.
The use of radiotelephone systems among subscribers is not very common, because in general the connection of the subscriber's terminal device through a subscriber connection line to the nearest telephone exchange is a cost-attractive solution for telephone systems which historically have continually been expanding.
Changes which may lead to a reversal of this judgment can be the following:
Underserviced areas have to be opened up as soon as possible, because local wiring is becoming a capacity bottleneck (material and operating capacity) and an excessive financial burden.
There are heavily settled regions that must be opened up, which would raise the cost of wiring more than usual.
Regions of difficult geological conditions (rocklands, tropical rain regions etc.) or difficult morphological conditions (tropical rainforest) are to be opened, which make the laying of cable expensive or in some cases even impossible.
A system of this kind is, for example, WCL (wireless connection line), which is used for the reasons described in the first of the above subparagraphs.
This communications technology is basically constructed as shown in FIG. 1. It is a basic feature that a local exchange apparatus 1.1 must be present, which is not a component of the WCL system, which is connected through the inputs E1 to En' to the telephone network, and has a free capacity of input/output intersections called "ports" (ports P1 to Px) which must be at least equal to the number of subscribers to be connected.
As shown in FIG. 1, the WCL apparatus has an exchange system 1.3, whose inputs are connected to the ports of the local exchange 1.1 and which performs the switching to the outputs N1 to Nn to which the message channels 1.41 to 1.4n are connected, x being>>n>n'. If a connection is called for, the port P1 and the subscriber connection device 1.51 are switched to a free message channel 1.4 or the corresponding frequency command is performed.
The commanding of the subscriber connection device is performed by the switching unit through an output NO to which the message channel 1.40 is connected, which is used as the control channel and is constantly received by all inactive subscriber connection devices.
This kind of concept can be called 1:1 switching; it can be embodied at relatively low cost as regards control expense, and if necessary can be easily replaced by wiring the subscriber connections. A disadvantage is the high costs involved in the multiple interconnection of exchanges.
The solution offered by the invention has substantially the same purpose as WCL systems, but due to its special concept it obviates the operational and economic disadvantages of the "subscriber-equal switching" of WCL. Only remotely is there any resemblance to systems based on cordless telephone technology, and the limitations of this technology are overcome by the solution according to the invention.
The solution according to the invention sets itself clearly apart from the other categories as regards its purpose and hence from the principles and methods of other types of solutions and thus is in no way even in competition with these systems.
In (1) a system configuration is described which has the same objective as the present invention, but is based on the invitation to bid of the DBP of December 1991 on the WCL system (WCL=Wireless Connection Line) and is constructed using components of the NMT-900 (900 MHz Nordic Mobile Telephone System). The basic difference is that switching from the radio communication exchange to the local communication exchange (OVSt) is performed through a two-wire connection to the a/b interface of the main distributor, thereby achieving "subscriber-equal connection."
This concept does have the advantage that it offers considerable compatibility with the communication centrals common in the less developed countries, but it assumes that communication centrals are present with a number of free a/b interfaces corresponding to the number of planned radio subscribers, which generally is not the case. On the other hand, the solution becomes unacceptable economically because a WCL converter has to be switched to each a/b interface of the exchange apparatus, which performs a conversion from the two-wire interface to a four-wire interface, concentrates the traffic, simulates a telephone terminal apparatus at the a/b interface of the local exchange, and generates the dialing information which an MSC (mobile switching center) in a real NMT 900 mobile radio network normally awaits at its input.
On the other hand, in the present invention the telephone exchange system is a component of the overall system, and instead of the "subscriber-equal connection" a "channel-equal connection" is performed, i.e., the communication system communicates directly with the available radio channels without going through the subscriber plane, and is telephonically wired as a dialing device. This reduces the number of connection units to the number of the radio channels, and the number of functions of the connecting units is reduced. Furthermore, switching can be conducted inside of the cell, and if the subscriber structure is appropriate it considerably reduces the number of channels into the public system which is impossible in (1).
The content of the description in (2) is directly related to (1). Here it is mainly the insertion strategy that is dealt with, and to that end it is shown that the WCL systems are thought of as a temporary solution which, at a given time, will be replaced by wiring in the subscriber connection area, on which the disadvantages and limitations discussed in connection with (1) are based.
One important disadvantage of the WCL system described in FIG. 2 on the basis of analog cellular mobile radio technology is that, although any terminal instrument approved for connection to an a/b interface (telephone, fax, modem etc.) can be used by the subscriber, the assignment of a radio channel is not performed until after the selection of the last dialing number and it is performed after an adjustable waiting period. This characteristic is the result of the virtually modified use of mobile radio components which, differently from the a/b interface, do not transfer the dial signals to the base station until after the dial selection and a manual start signal has been completed at the mobile apparatus. In the case of the method described in (1) and (2), the manual start signal is replaced by the running down of a timer switch which resets to zero after each entry of a dialing number and is restarted.
As a result, the subscriber, after entering the dialing numbers, for a fairly long time receives no response to the outgoing call and a number of automatically operating subscriber telephones cannot be operated at these WCL terminals.
In contrast, the present invention contains a special radio communication process which builds up the radio connection right while the subscriber is dialing, and assures that the last dialing numbers selected by the subscriber are transferred in real time through the assigned talk channel, and after completing the dialing the subscriber is already directly connected to the network and receives call tones or busy tones directly from the other end, and thus even at this point the subscriber can detect no difference from a wired a/b central connection.
In (3) a system configuration is described which has the same purpose as the present invention, but the concept of which is not identical with (1) and (2). That is, the fundamental difference from the present system according to the invention consists in the fact that the connection of the radio exchange to the local relay exchange (OVSt) is made through a two-wire connection to the a/b interface of the main distributor, so that a "subscriber-equal connection" is achieved. So the same appraisals as made in (1) and (2) apply here.
In (4) a configuration is described which has a purpose similar to the present invention, but it differs in important inventional features. It is assumed here that a PABX-CPU for all communication and service feature control purposes, and a mobile CPU for the making and breaking control for cordless telephones, cooperate through a common bus and the mobile CPU is subordinated. The result is that the mobile CPU has to be developed so as to be adapted to a particular PABX or can cooperate only with one particular PABX that has been developed for them.
On the other hand, the present solution according to the invention sets out from the fact that at least in one variant a radio communication system is connected exclusively through E&M interfaces (physical E&M interfaces or PCM interface with an E&M configuration) or also other interfaces of a PABX or PSTN with the PABX or PSTN, and there is no bus connection nor any subordination. E&M ports or E&M interfaces are input/output interfaces (6 physical or logical input/output interfaces of 2 lines each for audio signal transfer and 2 lines for directionally selective line seizure/acknowledgement or directionally selective pulse dialing transfer). Thus, the connection is made possible to any PABX or PSTN that may be present in or planned for the point of use, which can be important especially in developing countries.
Furthermore, it is a feature of (4) that no switching takes place in the radio area, but only the making and breaking of connections between subscriber I/F interface modules and radio subscribers. A prioritized subscriber P1 is directed to a subscriber interface I/F module, which results for this subscriber in a blocking rate=0. Nonprioritized subscribers are fixedly associated severally with a subscriber interface module I/F, which signifies a high blocking rate for these subscribers. Thus there are great similarities to (1), (2) and (3), so that certain judgments made in those cases are also applicable here.
Instead, the present solution according to the invention sets out from the fact that the PABXes or PSTNs are operated as a dialing system, and a true switching is made in the radio range (channel random mode access), i.e., each subscriber has its own call number and for the purpose of incoming or outgoing traffic can be directed to any free I/F interface module that is not a subscriber interface module and is permanently connected with a radio channel. In this manner it is brought about according to the invention that the number of interface modules is not greater than the number of the needed radio channels and thus a high effectiveness of use is achieved.
In (5) a solution is described which is based on the DECT standard and, using a TDM/TDMA/TDD process, permits the wireless connection of subscribers to PABXes or PSTNs. In the system a digital transmission of 32 kilobits per second per channel is used, 8 channels being transmitted on an RF carrier, requiring an overall gross data rate of 640 kbit/s.
This concept has two fundamental consequences:
1. TDMA frame with a duration of 16 ms is divided into 8 channel frames for the direction from the base station to the subscriber phones and 8 channel frames for the direction from the subscriber phones to the base station, resulting in a period of 1 ms for the individual channel frames.
Thus, there are no reserves for the equalization of propagation time differences (different distances between subscriber apparatus and the base station) and the system is limited to very short distances of up to 300 meters.
To quantify these statements: the attainment of a service range of 30 km radius requires leeways of 0.2 ms between the emissions of two successive transmitting subscriber apparatus.
2. For the transfer of 8 channels in duplex operation a radiofrequency bandwidth of 1 MHz is occupied, which is acceptable only in the case of the minimal ranges and the low transmission powers of 80 mW which they entail.
The present solution according to the invention sets out for the purpose of achieving service ranges of a radius of more than 30 kilometers, and therefore it must use fundamentally different approaches. Thus, on the basis of the chosen analog transmission process, up to 120 channels with an RF bandwidth of less than 700 kHz are transmitted in the direction from the base station to the subscriber apparatus, and in the direction from the subscriber apparatus to the base station the problem of leeway time is avoided by using an FDMA process.
A concept adequate to the basic idea of (5) is developed in (6), but in this case, not for portables on the DECT standard, but an older standard for cordless telephones. The invention is to remove the limitation of the radius of use of cordless telephones to a few hundred feet around the place where the base station of the individual user is located, by installing a plurality of decentralized stationary single-channel radio bases in one area of use (territory or building) and connecting them to a PABX. This involves no alteration (expansion) of the service range of the individual base station. By means of an appropriate access process including handover a cordless telephone can access each of these radio base stations and is thus given a larger territorial range of use. The system can serve several cordless telephones.
On the other hand, the present solution according to the invention has a central multichannel base station to serve a large territory, so that handover for small areas is unnecessary. In addition to these differences in purpose and system structure, it is mainly the control mechanisms that are different. While in (6) the inventive content concentrates on coupling PABX protocol with the protocol of cordless telephone systems, in the solution according to the invention the user has a main switchboard with an a/b interface that can be used without restriction.
In (7) as in (5) a solution is described which through the use of a TDM/TDMA/TDD process permits the wireless connection of subscribers to PABXes. In this special system at least one channel is permanently associated with each subscriber telephone in the TDM frame. If a telephone is outside of the radio service range of the central radio station, a subscriber apparatus in a territorially suitable position is used as a repeater in addition to its basic function. The subscriber served through a repeater then occupies two channels in the TDM frame. No more than two repeaters can be inserted into the transmission route, in which case a subscriber telephone occupies three channels. Another special feature of the proposed process is that the system is able to configure itself as regards the distribution of the repeater functions and channel distribution. Consequences are a low channel efficiency (channel traffic figure equals the traffic figure of the individual subscriber or only one-half or one-third in repeater use) and the creation of relationships between subscriber sets (subscriber repeater sets are subject to special requirements which this subscriber must then respect).
In contrast, in the present invention the independence of the subscriber sets is strictly preserved, and by the use of a radio exchange process with channel random mode access a high channel efficiency is attained (traffic figure in the channel is approximately 10 times the traffic figure of the individual subscriber).
In an analog or combination analog-digital radio transmission system for telephone systems with a stationary base station and a plurality of stationary subscriber stations independent of one another, the present invention is addressed to the problem of applying an appropriate exchange principle and a matching organization and handling in the system. Details of the invention are described with the aid of the schemes represented in the drawings, as follows:
FIG. 1 Configuration of a wireless connecting line
FIG. 2 Configuration of a radiotelephony system with E&M
FIG. 3 Channel controller for operation with an E&M interface
FIG. 4 Configuration of a radiotelephony system with PCM interface
FIG. 5 Data frame in the control channel
FIG. 6 Control channel operation
FIG. 7 Standard switching routine in the radio section for an incoming call for a subscriber
FIG. 8 Standard switching routine in the radio section for a call request by a radio subscriber
FIG. 9 Standard routine for termination of a call initiated by the telephone exchange system
FIG. 10 Standard routine for termination of a call initiated by the radio subscriber
The solution proposed by the invention, which is represented in two different variants in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, contains a concept of a kind in which no switching to the subscriber plane is performed in the telephone area. A telephone switching apparatus, which is a component of the system, switches from the inputs (channels), through which it is connected to the telephone network or to a dialing set of a local communication apparatus, directly to the duplex radio channels (message channels N1 to Nn), and only in the radio section is the switching to the subscriber plane performed. For the channel numbers to be connected, n>n' (see FIG. 2) and a>a' (see FIG. 4) in order to assure that, even if the capacity for telephone connections characterized by n' and a' is completely used up, a capacity for connections internal to the system--local calls--remains available. Both n and (a�30) are smaller than the number of radio subscribers.
This concept avoids the use of two relatively large switching units as in the WCL system where they are connected to one another through the subscriber plane. Only a comparatively small switching apparatus is needed.
In FIG. 2 the basic principle of the solution proposed by the invention according to claims 1, 2, 4, 5 ff. is represented in the case of connection to E&M ports of a telephone switching apparatus 2.1, which is a component of the equipment. It switches from the inputs E1 to En' to the E&M ports E&M1 to E&Mn. The E&M ports of the telephone switching apparatus are connected to control groups and switching components 2.31 to 2.3n (hereinafter called channel controllers), which in turn are connected through a common data bus Db to the radio communication system 2.2 which stores paging information and signals the presence of such information to a subscriber. The channel units 2.41 to 2.4n, which make up the duplex radio channels are connected to the channel controller. The telephone switching apparatus performs a channel-related switching that does not vary with the subscriber.
The channel controller connected to the E&M ports of the telephone switching apparatus and constructed according to FIG. 3 are so operated via the data bus Db that they all generate the line signals, busy signals and disconnect signals as well as call signals necessary for the operation of the E&M interface and thus simulate a subscriber. Due to the insertion of the channel controller the signaling is not made from the E&M port to the message channel, but is transferred via the data bus Db to the radio communication system and from the latter to the control channel according to a special control channel protocol. For this purpose the two symmetrical NF line pairs Rx/Rx and Tx/Tx are switched to the symmetry converters 3.7 and 3.8, and the asymmetrical NF signal lines Ru and Tu are connected through the electronic switches 3.5 and 3.6 to the message channel, the sending direction and receiving direction, respectively. The MFV receiver 3.3 is switched to line Ru, which transfers the incoming dialing signals to the processor unit 3.1, and the MFV transmitter 3.2, which issues data issued by the processor unit 3.1 as MFV dialing signals toward the E&M interface of the telephone switching apparatus. Furthermore, a modem 3.4 is connected to the processor unit 3.1 and its sending and receiving ports are switched to the selector switches 3.5 and 3.6, respectively.
The selector switches can be actuated independently of one another by the processor unit 3.1 so that the modem is connected at the sending and/or receiving end to the message channel, and in these cases the connection between the E&M port and the message channel is interrupted.
The modem 3.4 (see FIG. 3) has to perform three tasks in the system:
Feeding information into the message channel and receiving it from the message channel which are interchanged between the radio communication center and TeleLink during a connection.
Reception of dialing signals which are transferred from the subscriber's dial digitally in the message channel and transfer of the dialing signals to the processor unit which transfers these signals to the MFV transmitter 3.2 (see FIG. 3) and thus executes an MFV selection.
Feeding digital signals into and receiving them from the message channel for the purpose of transmitting numerical or alphanumerical information to a subscriber connecting device or group of such devices, which are stored in the subscriber connecting device and their input is signaled optically and acoustically to the subscriber and can also be evaluated by him at a later time (henceforth called paging), performing remote calls for service purposes (henceforth called remote service) in subscriber switching devices, and for the utilization of the message channel as an additional control channel.
The lines Mx and Ex of the E&M ports of the telephone exchange apparatus are connected through level changer 3.9 to the processor unit, which by this route performs the signaling for seizure, detection of seizure, acknowledgement and detection of acknowledgement. The processor unit is connected to the radio communication system via the data bus Db.
Not shown, but a component of the invention, is that one processor unit may comprise several channel controllers.
In FIG. 4 is shown the basic principle of the system proposed by the invention according to claims 1, 3, 4, 5 ff. in case of the use of a digital telephone exchange 4.1 which is a component of the system. This exchange switches from (a'�30)-PCM input channels according to the switching capacity and PCM hierarchy to (a) primary multiplex terminals as subscriber outputs. Both (a'�30) and (a�30) are less than the number of radio subscribers (subscriber switching devices 4.51 to 4.5x), i.e., x>(a�30), (a'�30).
The subscriber outputs of the telephone exchange apparatus are connected to control and switching units 4.31 to 4.3(a�30) (hereinafter called channel controllers), which in turn are connected through a common data bus Db to the radio communication system 4.2. The channel units 4,41 to 4.4(a�30), which accomplish the duplex radio channels.
The PCM channels for synchronization and signalization, generally channels 16 and 0 of each PCM-30 output group, are not connected to S2M signal converters, but connected directly to the radio communication unit, which communicates with the telephone exchange through these connections according to E&M or S2M protocol, and which converts the signals according to the special control channel protocol into the control channel. In this embodiment the channel controllers have the task only of connecting the subscriber outputs of the telephone switching system to the message channel and acknowledgement the connection whenever signaling is to be fed into the message channel by the radio switching device.
The radio switching system can additionally be connected through a data interface Dv (see FIGS. 2 and 4) to the telephone switching device if the latter also has a suitable data interface. If this interface permits appropriate access to the computer core of the telephone exchange the signaling can be carried on through this interface and therefore independently of later types of interfaces for signaling.
At the same time the radio switching device (see FIG. 2 or FIG. 4) is connected via the data bus Db to a controlling and switching device 2.30 or 4.30 (hereinafter called the control channel controller) to which a channel unit 2.40 or 4.40 is connected, forming a duplex radio channel which is used as an control channel.
In the control channel a constant communication is provided by the radio switching device according to a random access process, and on the basis of a special control channel protocol, with the operating and inactive subscriber connection devices 2.51 to 2.5x or 4.51 to 4.5x.
The subscriber connection devices are operated exclusively to create a telephone connection or to perform complex service functions in one of the message channels. This means that, when there is a call for a radio subscriber, the telephone communication system hooks up any free E&M or PCM port (see FIG. 2 or FIG. 4) and the signaling and the call number of the called subscriber (dial selection) are transferred to the radio switching system. The following reactions can be sent to the telephone communication system by the radio switching device through the same routes:
Subscriber is unknown:
Cut the connection or, in a more comfortable variant, give a message, "There is no such number," and then cut the connection.
Subscriber's switching device is defective or turned off:
Issue a busy signal for a limited time and cut the connection or, in a more comfortable variant, give the message "Subscriber is temporarily unavailable" followed by cut-off.
Subscriber's switching device is busy:
Issue a busy signal for a limited time and break the connection or, in a more comfortable variant, give the message, "Subscriber is busy," followed by cut-off.
Subscriber's switching device is free and operable:
Issue call signal for subscriber A.
If the subscriber switching device to be called is operative the radio switching device transfers the call and the command into the message channel given by the telephone switching system through the control channel controller 2.30 or 4.30 and the channel unit 2.40 or 4.40 (see FIG. 2 or FIG. 4, accordingly) to the called subscriber's switching device 2.51 or 4.51 which then switches into this message channel. The acknowledgement of the subscriber switching device after switching to the message channel is transmitted in the latter and a disconnect process is performed between the channel controller and the subscriber's switching device until the called subscriber picks up the receiver. Only then is the audio channel opened by the channel controller to the channel unit and thus to the radio subscriber and the call signal to subscriber A is turned off.
To create the connection on call by a subscriber the call is transmitted by the subscriber's switching device in the control channel through the channel unit 2.40 or 4.40 and the control channel controller 2.30 or 4.30 to the radio switching device 2.2 or 4.2. The radio switching device reacts as follows according to the existing system conditions.
No message channel is available and the dialed call has no priority identification:
Issuance of a dialing signal rejection to the subscriber's switching device through the control channel; the subscriber switching device generates a busy signal for the subscriber and returns to the ready state.
No message channel is available and the dial call does have a priority identification:
Issuance of a dial acknowledgement to the subscriber's switching device through the control channel, selection of an existing telephone connection, preferably a local connection, for cut-off and cut-off of this connection. After cut-off has been made, establishment of connection for the calling subscriber.
An message channel is available:
Irrespective of the presence of a priority identification, a dial acknowledgement is sent to the subscriber switching device and the connection is made for the calling subscriber.
If a free message channel is available, a line seizure is performed through the data bus Db (see FIG. 2 or FIG. 4) and the channel controller of the selected message channel or through the signaling channel of the appropriate PCM group. When the telephone exchange apparatus acknowledgements the line the subscriber switching device is switched by the radio switching device via the control channel into the selected message channel. After the channel controller has executed the acknowledgement process, the audio channel is connected [by the channel controller] to the channel unit and thus to the radio subscriber, whereupon the subscriber switching device first performs the transmission of its subscriber Identification and then the transmission of the dialing. The subscriber identification is used by the telephone exchange device to charge for the calls.
For breaking connections the following ways are provided:
The radio subscriber hangs up:
After the subscriber hangs up the subscriber switching device sends a termination signal in the message channel, switches back to the control channel, and changes over to the ready state. The termination signal is received by the channel controller which then transmits the termination signal directly via the E&M interface or via the data bus Db, radio switching device and S2M signaling channel.
The radio subscriber at the other end hangs up:
The termination signal is sent via the E&M interface directly to the channel controller or via the S2M signal channel, radio switching device and data bus Db. A cut-off command is sent by the channel controller to the subscriber switching device, the latter sends the subscriber a short end signal, switches back into the control channel, and passes over into the ready state. The breaking of the connection is signaled to the radio switching device by the channel controller.
The radio connection is interrupted through a time sensing threshold:
Channel controller and subscriber switching device check for the presence of a signal worth receiving to the particular subscriber inputs. If the duration of an interruption exceeds a preset time sensing threshold, each position reacts as if the other position was signaling a termination of a connection. The radio switching device checks the control channel for the presence of this subscriber switching device.
The radio switching device passes the subscriber-related communication through, and for this purpose it:
carries a subscriber data base containing all of the registered subscriber switching devices with their telephone number, their subscriber number in the radio switching system, their account number for billing, their security code and their serial number, and containing the current "free," "busy," or "not available" working status of the subscriber switching device, and the level setting for transmission to the subscriber switching device, and carries a list of channels in which the current free or busy states of the message channels are contained;
a switching data base containing all presently running communication processes with their content and time phases, and serving to control the activities in the control channel and communication with the telephone exchange through channel controllers or the S2M signaling channel.
The control channel operates on digital time-multiplex communication, in which it works in time slots of constant length with a data frame shown in FIG. 5. In an exemplary embodiment, the elements of the data frame can assume the meaning, structure and values represented in Table 1. Operation in the control channel is conducted on the master-slave principle as represented in FIG. 6. This means that the subscriber switching devices answer always with a constant time shift of at least one data frame length the transmissions from the radio switching system. FIG. 6 shows by way of example operation with a time shift of two data frame lengths. Communication with the subscriber switching devices is conducted by the radio switching device in a random access process in which the subscriber switching devices are called by address if necessary (see Table 2), except for free calls which contain no addressing and allow all subscriber switching devices to perform the appropriately time-shifted transmission of calls for the dial tone (see Table 4).
TABLE 1______________________________________ Emission from Subscriber switching Stationary device radio stationName Bit Hex Bit Hex Remarks______________________________________VO Precursor 32 8 L/O sequence )1C Code block 22 22 2 � 11-place bar codeT Subscriber 24 3 24 3 (8,4)-codednumber partI Message part 24 3 40 5 (8,4)-codedP Check-sum 16 2 24 3 (8,4)-codedpartN Follower 2 2 )2Z Total time slot 120 120______________________________________ )1 It is possible to reduce the length of the precursor drastically to a few bits in transmission from the radio station to the subscriber switching devices to the benefit of the message part and check sum part, since the radio station transmits continually and thus no phase jumps occur in the signal. )2 In transmission from the radio station to the subscriber switchin devices, 2 bits high are sent, while in transmission from the subscriber switching devices to the radio station no emission takes place, so that the propagation time differences between two successive transmitting subscriber switching devices upon being received in the radio station wil not result in overlapping.
In accordance with FIG. 5 and Table 1, 4096 call numbers can be formed at T with 3 hexadecimal places, while at I a division into one position command code and 2 and 4 positions data code is permitted with 3 and 5 hexadecimal positions, respectively.
If at T, I and P, 4 bits net information are transmitted BCH (8,4) coded, one bit error can be corrected and two bit errors recognized for 4 bits net information. Since more than two bit errors are not detectable, the check sum P is additionally introduced, which comprises 2 and 3 hexadecimal positions at the above-mentioned values.
The transmission of T, I and P is performed by block interleaving. For 8*(8,4) bits gross information (interleaving factor equal to 8) in the direction from the subscriber switching devices to the stationary radio station and 11*(8,4) bits gross information (interleaving factor equal to 11) in the direction from the radio stationary station to the subscriber switching devices it is thus possible to correct burst errors with a length of 8 and 11 bits, respectively.
In the transmission direction from the stationary radio station to the subscriber switching devices, the command types are available which are listed in Table 2.
______________________________________ Subscriber numberAbbre- part Message partviation 1 2 3 1 2 3 Meaning______________________________________F.. i i i B i i Free callN.. 13 H i i B i i Conditional callK.. t t t B k k Channel assignmentsQ.. t t t B i i AcknowledgementsA.. t t t B i i Presence check. Disconnect commands.H.. t t t B a i PagingT.. t t t B i i Technical Service______________________________________ B Command removal point i ≡ 4 bits freely available for entry of information t ˜ 4 bits busy with subscriber number k ≡ 4 bits busy with channel number a ≡ 4 bits busy with criterion for selection
Free calls F.. corresponding to Table 2 are distinguished as
FT Free call with time information
The hexadecimal places marked "i" are occupied by clock time information and
FD Free call with date information
The first hexadecimal place in the subscriber number part is occupied by "D" (13H) as removal criterion for date and the hexadecimal places marked "i" are occupied by date information.
Conditional free calls N.. corresponding to Table 2 are identical to F.. as regards NT and HD. The time and date data are inserted alternately into the emission of these commands.
Channel assignments K.. corresponding to Table 2 are distinguished as follows:
KK Channel assignment upon a call for a radio subscriber.
KG Channel assignment on a radio subscriber call request.
KS Channel assignment for the practice of remote service to the subscriber switching device, for the transfer of multi-point paging data in the message channel, this channel assignment being able to apply also to groups of subscriber switching devices according to a selection criterion, and for carrying out dynamic characteristic ring change (ring characteristic of the subscriber switching device in radio operation).
Acknowledgements Q.. are distinguished according to Table 2 as follows:
Qw Acknowledgement of calls for dial tone after signaling when a radio subscriber wants to make a call. For the subscriber switching device this means that the call for dial tone is accepted, and wait for channel assignment.
QA Rejection of call request after pickup by a radio subscriber wanting to make a call. For the subscriber switching device this means that the pickup is not accepted and a busy code is to be generated for the subscriber.
Presence commands A.. according to Table 2 are divided into
AK Command for checking the presence or the readiness of subscriber connection devices.
AB Command to interrupt an existing talk connection, which is transmitted in the message channel and causes the subscriber switching device to switch back into the control channel and send the subscriber a time-limited busy signal.
Paging commands P.. according to Table 2 are divided into
PR Paging call with transmission of a one-digit numerical message (message part, 3rd place).
PR/GK Paging call with transmission of a multi-digit alphanumerical message in the voice channel. Command is a preparatory command, the command is transmitted in the second to the next time slot into a voice channel by a KS channel assignment.
Both these commands can be divided in accordance with Table 3 by means of a selection criterion a in the 2nd position of the message part in the data frame (see Table 2) into individual and different kinds of group calls.
The letters a, b, c and d represent the bits of the 2nd position of the message part. In this case d is used as the selection criterion for the commands PR and PR/GK, as is represented in Table 3 in an exemplary embodiment. Positions c, b and a are used as the selection criteria for the validity of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd positions in the calling number of the subscriber connection device. In the case of a calling number in the radio range with three hexadecimal places, 16 main groups of 16 sub-groups each and again 16 members each, are defined by position selection. By the process of establishing the validity or invalidity of each position in the calling number, established, for example, in Table 3 as: ##EQU1## the call possibilities of the individual subscribers (commands 1 and 6) and groups (commands 2 to 5 and 7 to 10) are the result shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3______________________________________2. Positon of the message part in the case of P.. commandsP.. Hex d c b a Meaning______________________________________0 0 0 0 0 PR single call1 0 0 0 1 PR sub-group2 0 0 1 0 PR sub-group leader3 0 0 1 1 PR main group4 0 1 0 o PR main group leader8 1 0 0 0 PR/GK single call9 1 0 0 1 PR/GK sub-groupA 1 0 1 0 PR/GK sub-group leaderB 1 0 1 1 PR/GK main groupC 1 1 0 0 PR/GK main group leader______________________________________
It is an effect of the invention that a "horizontal" group selection is made possible by the fact that a call for all members of a main group (commands 4. and 9.) or sub-group of a main group (commands 2. and 7.) can be sent, that a "vertical" group selection is made possible, that a call for all routers of the main groups (or representatives or other equivalents of all main groups) (commands 3 and 8) can be sent without the need to remove numbers from the available range of subscriber numbers.
A second effect of the invention is that the group call can be started with the knowledge of a single call number of the circle of the subscribers belonging to the group and the addition of the group criterion.
The effect of the invention will be explained by two examples:
1. The subscriber with the call number 768 (decimal) and group paging for main group routers with one-position paging information is selected. The radio exchange system transmits the paging command in the control channel with the 300 (hexadecimal) call identification and the paging command part 4 (see Table 3). The subscriber connection devices then ignore the first place of the call identification, so that all devices with the call number ..00 are addressed.
2. The subscriber with the call number 1202 (decimal) and group call for sub-group router is selected with multiple-position paging information. The radio exchange system transmits the paging command in the control channel with the call number 4B2 (hexadecimal) and the paging command 8 (see Table 3). The subscriber connection devices then ignore the 2nd position of the call identification, so that all devices with the call number 4..2 are addressed (number 2 of all sub-groups of the 4th main group).
Technical Service T.. corresponding to Table 2 is divided into:
1. Commands for setting device parameters of the subscriber connection device, such as transmit power or deemphasis of the receiver or others, where the setting value or the stepping direction for a one-step change in the message part of the command is transmitted in the control channel and the subscriber connection device acknowledges the command by repeating or sending queried values in the control channel.
2. Command for switching the subscriber connection device into a message channel for service purposes, with the effect that the subscriber connection device is blocked against use by the subscriber, and after switching into the message channel, a connection is made which is not bound by the protocol of the control channel (e.g., for a dynamic changing of the call ID of the subscriber connection device, for transmitting the charge pulses of the last communication and totaling the charge pulses, for initializing the subscriber connection device when put into operation, for set testing and for updating the software of the subscriber connection device).
In the direction of transmission from the subscriber connection devices to the radio station, the types of commands given in Table 4 are available:
TABLE 4______________________________________ Subscriber Number MessageAbbre- Part Partviation 1 2 3 1 2 3 Meaning______________________________________W.. t t t B p p Call RequestA.. t t t B p p Log-ons/Log-offsP.. t t t B i i Paging response (selective ringing)T.. t t t B i i Technical service response______________________________________ B Command removal position ≡ 4 bit freely available to carry message t ≡ 4 bit busy with subscriber number p ≡ 4 bit busy with subscriber ID
The control channel protocol controls the switching processes in the radio area and is represented in its basic functions in:
FIG. 7 Call for subscriber
FIG. 8 Call request by subscriber
FIG. 9 Disconnect produced by the telephone exchange system, and
FIG. 10 Disconnect produced by the radio subscriber.
All the figures contain, vertically, the signal transfer between
x.1 Radio communication system/control channel controller,
x.2 Channel controller of the message channel used,
x.3 Control channel in the direction from the radio communication system to the subscriber connection device.
x.4 Message channel used in the direction from the radio communication system to the subscriber connection device.
x.5 Subscriber/subscriber terminal device.
x.6 Subscriber connection device/link controller
x.7 Control channel in the direction from the subscriber connection device to the radio communication system.
x.8 Message channel used in the direction from the subscriber connection device to the radio communication system and, in the horizontal direction the protocol handling with respect to time.
In the case of a call for a radio subscriber as represented in FIG. 7, when the line has been seized by the telephone exchange and the channel controller 7.2 has acknowledged seizing of the line, the dialing number of the called subscriber is received by the channel controller (these processes are not shown in the drawing), and the seizing of the line and the subscriber number is sent by the message 7.9 to the radio communication system 7.1; when this message is checked correct at the channel controller, the radio communication system sends the subscriber connection device 7.6 an acknowledgement and a signal instruction 7.10 (in this case a response signal to subscriber A), and a channel command in control channel 7.3 for an incoming call 7.11 to the subscriber connection device 7.6. The subscriber connection device thereupon switches into the assigned message channel 7.8, sends its response 7.12 in the latter, and generates the call code. 7.13 for the subscriber 7.5. The response received from the subscriber connection apparatus is transmitted to the radio exchange system with the message 7.14. The radio exchange checks the subscriber ID and subscriber identification number and, upon acceptance, sends a positive response 7.15 to the channel controller. Beginning at this moment a dummy-run signaling is performed between channel controller and subscriber connection device until the subscriber picks up, which is not represented in the drawing. After the loop 7.16 is closed (pick-up by the subscriber) the "subscriber calling" signal 7.17 is sent by the subscriber connection device in the message channel, whereupon the channel controller turns off the free code for subscriber A, puts through the NF connection from the telephone exchange to the message channel, and sends a message to the radio exchange apparatus on the making of the connection 7.18, which is acknowledged by a message 7.19 from the radio exchange system.
When a subscriber makes a call, in accordance with FIG. 8, when the line loop 8.9 is closed (subscriber picks up 8.5) the subscriber connection device 8.6 generates the dial signal for the subscriber, who then starts dialing. The dialing data 8.11, 8.12 and 8.14 is stored in the subscriber connection device and checked for the presence of a priority code. At the same time the subscriber connection device checks whether the radio communication system 8.1 has transmitted or will transmit a free signal or other command 8.13 in the control channel 8.3 permitting a free signal or other command 8.13, which permits the announcement of a call, and then the transmission of the call request 8.15 is performed in the control channel. In the case of a call request with a priority code, it can be transmitted even if 8.13 was a conditional free call. After the call request is received the radio communication system selects a message channel 8.4 and sends the channel controller 8.2 of this message channel a signal 8.16 to perform a line capture at the interface to the telephone exchange apparatus. Furthermore, the radio communication system sends the subscriber connection device an acknowledgment of the call request 8.17. When a successful line capture has been made the subscriber connection device switches over into the assigned message channel 8.8 and sends a signal 8.20 in it, and then the channel controller opens the telephone pathway to the message channel. The circuit of the telephone connection and the subscriber data are reported by the channel controller of the radio communication system at 8.21 and acknowledged by the latter at 8.22. Every time the messages 8.15 and 8.21 are received the radio communication system checks the call ID code and the subscriber identification number, and only upon acceptance are the corresponding positive responses 8.16, 8.17 and 8.22 given.
After the signal 8.20 is emitted the subscriber connection device begins to transmit the dialing data 8.23, 8.34 ff. which up to then have been entered by the subscriber into the buffer memory. After these dialing codes have been sent the subscriber connection device opens the telephone path to the subscriber terminal equipment, so that additional dialing by the subscriber is transmitted directly.
After a call is terminated and the telephone exchange apparatus has broken the connection as shown in FIG. 9, and after call clear-down with signal and acknowledgement between the telephone exchange and the channel controller 9.2, which is not shown in the figure, a signal 9.9 is transmitted by the channel controller to the radio communication system 9.1 which acknowledges with 9.10. Also, the channel controller transmits a disconnection signal 9.11 to the subscriber connection device 9.6 in the message channel 9.4. The subscriber connection device generates an end code 9.12 for the subscriber and after that cuts the line loop to the subscriber terminal equipment. Furthermore, the subscriber connection device sends a deactivation signal 9.13 in the message channel 9.8, switches back into the control channel 9.7, and passes over into the stand-by state. After receiving the deactivation signal 9.13 of the subscriber connection device is received The channel controller 9.2 transmits a signal 9.14 to the radio communication system on the breaking off of the connection in the radio area. After an undetermined time period the radio communication system sends a presence check 9.15 in the control channel 9.3, which is acknowledged by the subscriber connection device in the control channel with a presence signal 9.16.
After a call is terminated and the subscriber has broken the connection as shown in FIG. 10, and the line loop 10.9 has been interrupted (subscriber hangs up), a disconnection signal 10.10 is sent in the message channel 10.8 by the subscriber connection device 10.6. The latter then switches over into the control channel and changes to stand-by. After receiving the disconnect signal, the channel controller 10.2 performs the clear-down operation (not shown in the drawing) and sends the radio exchange system 10.1 a disconnect signal 10.11 which is acknowledged by the radio communication system at 10.12. After an undetermined interval of time the radio exchange system 10.1 sends a presence check 1.13 in the control channel 10.3, which is acknowledged in the control channel 10.7 by the subscriber connection device with a presence signal 10.14.
(1) Mandel, Gunter; Kercher, Klaus: DAL in analog-zellularer Technik Nachrichtentechnik, Elektronik, Berlin 42 (1992) 4
(2) Leipold, Peter: DAL-Funktechnik im Teilnehmeranschlussbereich NTZ 45 (1992) 4
(5) Buckingham, Colin; Wolterink, Ge Klein; Akerberg, Dag: A business Cordless PABX Telephone System on 800 MHz based on the DECT Technology IEEE Communications Magazine, January 1991
The invention is industrially useful in telecommunications.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 20, 1985
|Jun 23, 1987
|International Mobile Machines Corp.
|Subscriber RF telephone system for providing multiple speech and/or data signals simultaneously over either a single or a plurality of RF channels
|Apr 30, 1988
|Nov 9, 1989
|Telefonbau & Normalzeit Gmbh
|Cordless telephone system
|Aug 30, 1991
|Mar 4, 1993
|Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag
|Title not available
|Dec 14, 1983
|Jun 27, 1984
|Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG
|Method and controlling device for the selection of an organization channel in a mobile radio station of a radio transmission system
|Oct 11, 1988
|Apr 19, 1989
|Nec Corporation
|Subscriber-concentrated communication system
|Jan 22, 1992
|Aug 5, 1992
|AT&T Corp.
|Automatically configuring wireless PBX system
|Title not available
|C. Buckingham et al., IEEE Comm. Mag., pp. 105 110 (1991).
|C. Buckingham et al., IEEE Comm. Mag., pp. 105-110 (1991).
|G. Mandel et al, Nochrichtentech, Elektron., Berlin, vol. 42 pp. 130 135 (1992).
|G. Mandel et al, Nochrichtentech, Elektron., Berlin, vol. 42 pp. 130-135 (1992).
|Horst Mayr. Stein et al, Nachrichten, vol. 87 pp. 35 43 (1991).
|Horst Mayr.-Stein et al, Nachrichten, vol. 87 pp. 35-43 (1991).
|P. Leopold, ntz., vol. 45 pp. 286 287 (1992).
|P. Leopold, ntz., vol. 45 pp. 286-287 (1992).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 3, 1996
|Feb 23, 1999
|Fujitsu Limited
|Transmission apparatus for relaying different types of trunk signals
|Aug 7, 1996
|Jul 20, 1999
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson
|Method and an arrangement for conducting multiple calls simultaneously
|Nov 13, 1995
|Aug 3, 1999
|Nokia Telecommunictions Oy
|Subscriber network element
|Oct 30, 1997
|Sep 12, 2000
|Northern Telecom Limited
|Flexible multiple subscriber radio access system
|Aug 30, 1996
|Oct 24, 2000
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Multi-cell radio system with PBX periphery assemblies
|Jul 16, 1999
|Jul 31, 2001
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Method of producing air gap for reducing intralayer capacitance in metal layers in damascene metalization process and product resulting therefrom
|Sep 9, 1996
|Dec 3, 2002
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Cordless telecommunications system
|Oct 15, 2001
|Mar 22, 2005
|Electronic Data Systems Corporation
|Method and system for communicating telematics messages
|Oct 15, 2001
|May 1, 2003
|Clark Noel E.
|Method and system for communicating telematics messages
|U.S. Classification
|370/280, 455/403, 455/466
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 23, 1994
Owner name: TADICOM EUROPE GMBH, GERMANY
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Mentioned during eBay's (EBAY) Q4 call: Mobile payments are now 10% of PayPal's volume; capex is...
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Days Inn Mountain View is three miles from the Ark State Park Ozark Folk Center, 10 miles from the US National Forest Blanchard Spring Caverns, and approximately
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I am using VSTS 2008 + C# + WCF + .Net 3.5 + Silverlight 3.0. I host Silverlight control in an html page and debug it from VSTS 2008 (press F5, then run in VSTS 2008 built-in ASP.Net development web server), then call another WCF service (hosted in another machine running IIS 7.0 + Vista). The WCF service is very simple, just return a constant string to client.
When invoking the WCF service from Silverlight, I got the following error message,
An error occurred while trying to make a request to URI 'https://LabTest/Test.svc'. This could be due to attempting to access a service in a cross-domain way without a proper cross-domain policy in place, or a policy that is unsuitable for SOAP services. You may need to contact the owner of the service to publish a cross-domain policy file and to ensure it allows SOAP-related HTTP headers to be sent. This error may also be caused by using internal types in the web service proxy without using the InternalsVisibleToAttribute attribute. Please see the inner exception for more details.
Here is the clientaccesspolicy.xml file, anything wrong?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<allow-from http-request-headers="*">
<domain uri="*">
<resource path="/" include-subpaths="true"></resource>
thanks in advance, George


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OK, I've been trying to figure this out for some time. When I or anyone shares a post from my website to facebook the "description" text reads: You can use these tags:   <acronym title="">
      <q cite="">   : and is not editable. I have figured out how to remove this from the comments section of posts but it will not go away from facebook posts. Everything I've found on the subject is a year or more old.
The website is nhwchurchsc.org and the facebook is http://www.facebook.com/NewHopeWesleyanSC. you can see on the facebook page exactly what I'm talking about.
The only social media addon I'm using is Simple Share Buttons Adder.
Any help with this would be greatly appreciated.