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Talk:Dirac equation/Archive 1
|This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page.
|Archive 1
|Archive 2
- 1 "This equation is more intelligent than me"
- 2 Taking another shot at making this a decent page
- 3 Missing: Antiparticle Discussion
- 4 Observables section
- 5 Comment
- 6 Noninteracting sea?
- 7 Electromagnetic Interaction
- 8 Gamma matrices
- 9 Upper and lower psi functions
- 10 Dirac bilinears
- 11 Links
- 12 Interesting and praiseworthy treatment
- 13 math/latex
- 14 single particle theory??
- 15 Adjoint spinor isn't explicitly defined
- 16 Constructive comment re. a problem with this article
- 17 Jim Al Khalili 'Everything and Nothing" BBC4
- 18 Dirac equation as an equation for just one component
- 19 Grammar in the intro paragraph
- 20 Clean up and clarify
- 21 Dirac a physicist?
- 22 Probability current? KG Equation?
- 23 spelling
- 24 A small neutrality quibble
- 25 "This article is just crap again"...
- 26 Assessment comment
"This equation is more intelligent than me"
I can't find the right place in this page to insert this rather incisive quote of his. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 02:11, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
- The beginning! -- cheers, Michael C. Price talk 20:34, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
Taking another shot at making this a decent page
Since this topic is so important to all particle physics, it should be a first rate page. I set out to make it that but bad grad students chopped my work to shreds. I'm going to try again to make it right but without the assistance of the editors I don't have a lot of hope that I will succeed. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:19, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
- OK I've removed all the irrelevant comments (many my own) and all comments here in the nature of a physics discussion. I am going to make this page tight. Bear with me, it will take some time. Let's keep this Talk page limited to discussion of the article and its clarity or lack thereof. If you see errors point them out here. I will be monitoring. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:45, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
- I've succeeded in restoring the article from the beginning well into the section on Dirac's ansatz. It is now both technically and historically correct and should stay that way. Antimatter33 (talk) 09:55, 12 February 2011 (UTC)
- Alright I have got the beginning mostly repaired with much irrelevant and distracting information removed. More later. Antimatter33 (talk) 11:20, 12 February 2011 (UTC)
- OK the section "Mathematical Form" may be considered complete. Antimatter33 (talk) 20:51, 12 February 2011 (UTC)
Missing: Antiparticle Discussion
The intro paragraph mentions that one of the chief triumphs of the Dirac Equation is its prediction of antiparticles. However antiparticles are not mention again. May I ask the talented people working on this article to elaborate on this important aspect of the Dirac Equation? Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 20:57, 12 December 2007 (UTC)
- This problem is still present a year and a half later. The article contains the statement "As we shall see below, it brings a new phenomenon into physics—matter/antimatter creation and annihilation." but there is no further mention of matter/antimatter. Mollwollfumble (talk) 00:23, 9 July 2009 (UTC)
- I gave up in frustration because my work was vandalized. I'm going to try again. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:26, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
I know a lot is made about how the Dirac equation predicted antimatter, but didn't the Klein-Gordon equation sort of do that 2 years before? (States of negative energy interpreted as antimatter states to get round the problem of states decaying to states of lower energy indefinitely). It's just that nobody had the correct interpretation until Dirac came along, and since he had his own equation too it was attributed as coming out of that. Even if the Dirac equation and all quantum mechanics beyond it had never been written down, we'd still have at least predicted antimatter by now, if not discovered it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 18:00, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
Observables section
I was really impressed by the completeness of this article and it seems that it could be used as an excellent introductory chapter in a textbook. AS to that section - Identification of observables- I would like to know what the continuation is... Please whoever was writing it..don't let us hanging..
"Thus the Dirac Hamiltonian is fundamentally distinguished from its classical counterpart, and we must take great care to correctly identify what is an observable in this theory. Much of the apparent paradoxical behavior implied by the Dirac equation amounts to a misidentification of these observables. Let us now describe one such effect. (cont'd)"
Changed the priority to "Top". Rationale: the Dirac equation is the basis of QED as we know it.
Aoosten 20:58, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
There is a mistake in the free (anti-)particle solution:
is a spinor operator (2x2 matrix), not a spinor component. I leave it as an exercise to the author to fix it :-)
Aoosten 20:58, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
I think the whole idea of introducing the nonrelativistically covariant notation first before manifestly covariant notations in many topics, including the Dirac equation, is merely a reflection of historical inertia, of students being taught noncovariantly in turn teaching noncovariantly later... Phys 21:53, 15 Nov 2003 (UTC)
- That's a little presumptuous. The advantage of the non-covariant notation is that it has the form of a Schrodinger equation, which emphasizes that the Dirac equation is a quantum mechanical wave equation. -- CYD
- If you assume the Dirac equation is the first-quantized equation for a particle (But then, you'd have to explain the Dirac sea). But you know the correct interpretation for it is as a second-quantization of a classical relativistic field equation! Phys 18:22, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)
- To be precise, the Dirac field theory is obtained by the first quantization of a classical field equation; or, alternatively, the second quantization of the Dirac wave equation. I don't think either approach has any great advantage over the other. -- CYD
- Unfortunately electrons are fermions, so introducing it initially as the quantization of a classical relativistic field equation means that you have to start out by introducing the students to the concept of a classical anticommuting field of Grassman variables, which could be pretty intimidating unless they are mathematicians... --Matt McIrvin 03:42, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
- True, and we plan to stick to the historical facts anyway here. This is not a page on second quantization or field theory - it's just for the Dirac equation. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:47, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
Noninteracting sea?
- By necessity, hole theory assumes that the negative-energy electrons in the Dirac sea interact neither with each other nor with the positive-energy electrons. Without this assumption, the Dirac sea would produce a huge (in fact infinite) amount of negative electric charge, which must somehow be balanced by a sea of positive charge if the vacuum is to remain electrically neutral. However, it is quite unsatisfactory to postulate that positive-energy electrons should be affected by the electromagnetic field while negative-energy electrons are not.
While it's true there appears to be a problem with an infinite negative chage density, the early pioneers of QED assumed the charges of the proton sea would cancel out the charges of the electron sea. It was never assumed the negative energy electrons are not affected by the electromagnetic field. Otherwise, a hole (positron) would not be deflected in the opposite direction by an electromagnetic field. The positive energy electrons also interact with the negative energy electrons. This is necessary for computing the vacuum polarization. Phys 02:57, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Yes, I don't know what I was thinking when I wrote that. Thanks. -- CYD
You can add to this the fact that the negative-energy electrons in the Dirac sea should interact among each other. Come to think of it they should behave like a metal. Some serious shielding of electric fields should be going on. Bound states of electrons and holes should occur, etc. etc. The Dirac sea is a fascinating thought but untenable.
Aoosten 21:16, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
Positive and negative solutions to the Dirac equation have opposite parity. Obviously, a missing electron from an otherwise fully occupied "sea" of states would constitute a state with the same parity as the original electron. The notion of a Dirac sea is inconsistent with parity.
The section about hole theory should better be deleted or downgraded to a historical section.
Aoosten 19:35, 12 December 2006 (GMT+2)
Electromagnetic Interaction
The last paragraph deserves some comment. The equation that describes protons, neutrons and other non-leptonic fermions is not mentioned. And what is the basis for the claim that quarks ARE described by the Dirac equation? I don't think anybody knows that their g-factors are equal or very close to 2.
Aoosten 21:16, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
- History is important. The Dirac equation emerged before any of this was known. It will be mentioned but the treatment is of the Dirac electron and positron, by the nature of things. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:43, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
Gamma matrices
Just noticed that the Pauli-Dirac Gamma matrices (Well... the article uses alphas) at the beginning are different from how they're specified in the 'Gamma matrices' Wiki article. Shouldn't the four components in the bottom left be negative w.r.t. what they are currently?
I haven't changed them, as I'm not really sure if they're wrong or not. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 126.96.36.199 (talk • contribs) 23:38, 16 April 2006.
- They aren't wrong, although the situation can be confusing. The relationship between the alphas and the gammas is explained in the "Relativistically covariant notation" section towards the bottom of this article. Unfortunately, "Dirac matrices" can refer to any of these matrices, which becomes a problem when the non-covariant introduction of this article links to Gamma matrices out of context. Melchoir 23:52, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
Are you sure they are right? Unless I've multiplied them incorrectly they all square to give the identity matrix so they are not a representation of the Clifford algebra.
- The alpha matrices (often times alpha_0 is simply called betha) are not supposed to be a representation of the Clifford algebra. The Gamma matrics are the ones that are a represntation of the Clifford algbraDauto 02:37, 30 May 2007 (UTC).
Should the sentence regarding the similarity transform be changed to: A fundamental theorem states that if two distinct sets of matrices are given that both satisfy the Clifford relations, then they are connected to each other (up to the overall sign) by a similarity transformation [User: rarsn] 18:52, 17march2011 (PST) Rarsn (talk) 01:56, 18 March 2011 (UTC)
In the section Covariant Form and Relativistic Invariance, the equation psi' = U * psi implies that the new psi after a Lorentz transformation is related to the original psi by a unitary transform. However, I don't believe this is generally the case. The transform relating the psi's is unitary for a rotation, but for a velocity boost I don't think it is. Consistency of the probability interpretation is maintained across Lorentz frames not by unitarity but by the fact that the current, psibar gamma psi, transforms as a four vector. and that the four divergence of the current vanishes, as discussed in the article.Rarsn (talk) 05:38, 19 March 2011 (UTC)
Upper and lower psi functions
The two upper psi's in the spinor represent the spin states of the electron in an external field, while the two lower ones the spin states of the positron in the same field.
But where do these positron energies and wavefunctions COME from? They basically disappear when electron kinetic energies are non relativistic, and Dirac reduces to Pauli. Okay, so the positronic components represent a relativistic effect.
Looking at their magnitude I have come to the conclusion (correct me if wrong) that the "relativistic effect" is that the positronic psi's simply represent half the increase in energy (mass) due to motion. If the electron's total energy is 1.4 M (where M is the rest mass) and kinetic energy is therefore 0.4 M, we will find that the upper psis have energy of 1.2 M and the lower ones now 0.2 M.
So my conclusion is that the origin of the positronic psi content in Dirac is really straightforwardly "simple": Basically, the positronic component of the wavefunction appears so that the momentum of the wave can increase greatly, without the assocated CHARGE increasing. Charge must be Lorentz invariant, so the only way to increase the momentum of a wave greatly without increasing its associated charge-density, is to have it a mix of particle and oppositely charge antiparticle. And that's what happens. THAT is where the virtual positronic component that appears comes from. It's half the mass-increase, basically.
I haven't seen it explained anywhere quite this way, although in any texts it's noted that as total energy of the electron makes it to 3M, the upper components get 2M and the lower components now get up to M, and we have enough energy available to produce a real positron, should we have a system available to offload the momentum properly. But in lower energy relativistic states where the positronic contribution is less than M and the positron is somewhat virtual, I don't think I've seen it pointed out that it's always just enough to cancel the electron's extra charge-density which would ordinarily result from the increased relativistic momentum of a matter-wave.
What do you think? Can we open the math section on interpretation of this spinor with a little plain English explanation of what's going on? Steve 02:18, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
Dirac bilinears
In this section the tensor matrix σμν is not defined. I believe it is (1/2)(γμγν - γνγμ)
- It is standard to have an i in the numerator Xxanthippe 12:00, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
There, fixed it.
What are the references (e-references will be great) for the multivectorial definitions of the couplings? Nuewwa (talk) 08:29, 30 November 2008 (UTC)
Both of the links under "Selected Papers" are broken as of 29th April 2007. Does anyone know of an alternative source so they can be fixed? 184.108.40.206 23:33, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
- thanks for the heads up , will investigate Antimatter33 (talk) 18:41, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
Interesting and praiseworthy treatment
I just wanted to pass along a word of praise for those who worked on this article. It is quite rare (frankly, I've never encountered it before in WP) to see an article that focusses so well on the motivation for an equation, e.g., the problematic situation that gave rise to a new formulation, as well as the challenges faced by early investigators. The effect is to make the article exciting, rather like an adventure story, and that without in any way decreasing its seriousness. Well done! --Philopedia 01:57, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
- I agree. Most of these math articles read like mini textbooks on the topic. The reference -- Fisher, Arthur. (July 1986) Popular Science. New ferment in the mirror world of antimatter-antigravity. Volume 229; Page 54. -- has some information that would look good in the history section. Some other material that may be of interest: * Calkin, M. G. American Journal of Physics (August 1987) Proper treatment of the delta function potential in the one-dimensional Dirac equation. Volume 55; Page 737. * Amado, R. (January 1984) Physics Today. Dirac equation. Volume 37; Page S40. -- Jreferee t/c 16:48, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
I heartily concur with Philopedia. One of the best articles I've encountered at WP. Bravo! 18.104.22.168 (talk) 21:30, 7 April 2008 (UTC)
Any plans for nomination to GA status? Venny85 (talk) 21:35, 7 April 2008 (UTC)
- Thanks I'm going to try again to make this page tight without much hope of succeeding before grad students with no knowledge vandalize it. One must try, as Dirac himself said. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:30, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
Currently, wikipedia is generating very different images for \phi on its own versus \partial \phi (for example). The problem seems to be a difference in fonts depending on some automatic choice of whether to inline a small font equation versus displaying a larger pretty equation. On other pages this may have no effect, but in the context here it confusingly appears as though the two are intended as completely different symbols. Can someone escalate this bug? 188.8.131.52 (talk) 02:20, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
- I agree, but we can't do much about it at this level. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:38, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
single particle theory??
I am a little concerned with the following comment in the history section: "The Dirac equation describes the probability amplitudes for a single electron." While this may have been Dirac's original goal, as far as I can see this is incorrect on account of the fact that, as the author(s) of this article him/her-self states, one must postulate an infinite sea of particles to fill the negative energy states-i.e. you are immediately pressed into a multi-particle theory. While am by no means an expert on this matter though, and could very well be wrong, I think the the consistency of this interpretation deserves some discussion in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 17:33, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
It is wrong and will be edited out shortly. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:25, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
Adjoint spinor isn't explicitly defined
If \Psi^dagger should be clearly defined as the complex conjugate and transpose of the vector \Psi in the definition of the adjoint spinor.
- It was once :( I'll fix it in time. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:33, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
Constructive comment re. a problem with this article
I believe that this article is of limited value to anyone who does not have an advanced degree in physics. I'll tell you up front, I have only an M.S. in physics, but I am very interested in relativistic quantum mechanics, and I understand a fair amount about it. I have purchased over a dozen books that include the subject of the Dirac equation, and only one have I found which actually explains to an intelligent person with a reasonably strong background in physics and mathematics what the Dirac equation is actually doing. This one book is how I came to understand the Dirac equation.
I think that in this wikipedia article there are things left out of the explanation that should be there, for the sake of a person that is trying to learn something, not just re-read what he/she already knows. I found a web site which shows much (not all) of the the left-out details I'm talking about. The url is
What is being left out of this wikipedia article is the explicit presentation of the four 4x4 matrices that are the coefficients in the equation, and the four separate differential equations that result for Ψ(r,t). And the article does not explain (at least not in an explicit, straightforward manner) one of the most important outcomes of the Dirac equation: that when you combine these four equations, through substitutions, into one second-order differential equation (in the field of a proton, I think?) you get five separate terms: Two of them are the non-relativistic Schroedinger equation, one is (or is similar to?) a relativistic correction, one is the spin-orbit energy, and the last is a relativistic correction to the potential called the "Darwin term". The "Darwin term" effect, I have read, was completely unknown at the time Dirac published the equation. Not long after it was experimentally verified to exist. This is so interesting ... why is it not mentioned?
I think it is a shame that wikipedia would leave out such basic explanations, not to mention fascinating moments in the history of science. I hope that someone who is an expert might want to address this. I will not be so presumptuous, because I'm not qualified to do it.
Thanks for your consideration of this ... Worldrimroamer (talk) 01:27, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
- The goal of this page is to present the Dirac theory in a concise way. That can't be done without assuming the reader has some knowledge of physics beyond the basic level. The point of an encyclopedia is to gather knowledge in one place and so stimulate the reader to learn on his own, not to teach a subject. Antimatter33 (talk) 18:35, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
- The goal is also to provide links and pointers to sites where the reader can teach themselves the subject. -- cheers, Michael C. Price talk 19:17, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
Jim Al Khalili 'Everything and Nothing" BBC4
If, as he says, the universe is the debris remaining after matter and antimatter from the Big Bang anihilated itself, does that mean that the matter antimatter particles continually appearing in a vacuum will also leave 'debris', ie new particles to add to our universe? He never addressed this issue.
(||||) This is how my tilde key appears when typed —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 15:16, 2 April 2011 (UTC)
Dirac equation as an equation for just one component
If there are no objections, I would like to make the following addition to the article:
In a general case (if a certain linear function of electromagnetic field does not vanish identically), three out of four components of the spinor function in the Dirac equation can be algebraically eliminated, yielding an equivalent fourth-order partial differential equation for just one component.
Source: Journal of Mathematical Physics, 52, 082303 (2011) (http://jmp.aip.org/resource/1/jmapaq/v52/i8/p082303_s1 or (free access for personal use) http://akhmeteli.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/JMAPAQ528082303_1.pdf )
Comment: I am certainly biased, but it seems to me that this addition may be interesting and useful for many readers.
Akhmeteli (talk) 04:09, 21 August 2011 (UTC)
Grammar in the intro paragraph
Looking at the final sentence of the lede:
- Although Dirac did not at first fully appreciate what his own equation was telling him, his resolute faith in the logic of mathematics as a means to physical reasoning, his explanation of spin as a consequence of the union of quantum mechanics and relativity, and the eventual discovery of the positron, represents one of the great triumphs of theoretical physics, fully on a par with the work of Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein before him.
There's some faulty grammar there, and anyway it's a bit of a run-on. Because I'm a complete amateur in my interest, though, so I wanted to run this proposal by other editors:
- Although Dirac did not at first fully appreciate the implications of the equation, his faith in mathematical logic as a means to physical reasoning proved itself: the equation explained spin as a consequence of the union of quantum mechanics and relativity, and it contributed to the eventual discovery of the positron. The Dirac equation thus represents one of the great triumphs of theoretical physics, on par with the work of Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein.
This last claim (on par with Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein) may also benefit from citation of a reliable source – it could be seen as WP:OR or WP:SYN – but I'm primarily on a copyeditorial mission here. Any thoughts or recommendations welcome. /ninly(talk) 16:58, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
Clean up and clarify
Little issues which could be resloved now:
- Bits here and there need tidying up, like brackets in equations.
- Also it should be clearer what some equations mean to readers who do not understand index/tensor notation - inluding the gamma matrix form of the equation (the most compact). It is possible to state what both forms say without loss of information, in fact it would illustrate the use of index notation.
- The initial equation uses x for position instead of r, this isn't a problem but r is more clearer and universally understood to be the spatial position in 3d, the appearance of x makes it look more like a vector in the x-direction.
- Furthermore the more familiar vector and matrix notation (in boldface) for the Dirac matricies and the current density should be used, everything looks like a plain italic scalar (for quantities without the indicies - those which have are vector components interchangably understood as the full vector, and appearances of the Einstein summation) etc. Boldface was used for x but nowhare else, which is a bit strange. It is clearer for those who have had exposure to some level of vectors and matricies (who will have seen boldface vectors and matricies), which will engage them into the meaning of the equation sooner. All the complicated-to-understand though simpler-to-write index notation should come later, for the more experinaced reader to read further, and so less experianced readers are not befuddled and switched off at first sight of all those indicies.
- A few bits of text could be written a bit better, few more links could be added...
I know this is just me being pernickity, but i'll do these now. And yes sources will be added in case someone is checking my contributions inside out: if I added resources, provided edit summmaries, wrote on the talk (well here that is) etc...
--F=q(E+v^B) (talk) 21:12, 28 November 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by F=q(E+v^B) (talk • contribs)
- Hi---sorry I had to revert your change. I'm fairly new to this, so maybe that was a horrible breach of etiquette, so, once again: sorry. However, standard notation might boldface the alpha matrix vector, but not its components, even though they are matrices. Also, the line which explained the use of a curly-d derivative operator was actually wrong. Curly-d down-mu is d curly-d by curly-d x up-mu, not curly-d by curly-d x down-mu. I.e. "The gradient with respect to a contravariant position-time four-vector x up-mu is itself a covariant four-vector," pg 226, Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics, David Griffiths. It's also explained in numerous other books, that's just the one I happen to have to hand first.
- You also changed single words for either less-helpful or pretty much identical words all the way through, which didn't add anything, and in some cases detracted from the article. I certainly found it much easier to read before.
- There probably is a lot of scope for improvement, and please do do it! But those pernickety points aren't so helpful. For example, the point of this article is not to explain index notation. It should use the most clear way of explaining it, but that is with index notation, in most cases. 18.104.22.168 (talk) 20:09, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
No worries.
- Firstly, I can't see how I was emphasising so much on index notation in the actual article. I mentioned it to death above here on the talk page, but not in the article. There is nothing wrong with mentioning what symbols and notation mean: loads of physics articles have statements like "where ∇ is the del operator", "where * denotes complex conjugate", "where † denotes hermitain conjugate (complex conjugate transposed)", "where ż dentotes diff. of z wrt time", "where zxxx denotes the 3rd order partial derivative of z wrt x" etc. A typical reader will not understand all this index notation. If they were wrong, you could of corrected them, but given the other problems I geuss it doesn't matter.
- I'll at least add the referance again for the initial equation. It could be written in a less clumsy form:
- but i'll leave that for now. Also the notation x should be r, its clearer that the equation is true in 3-d. That much can be done.
- In addition the brackets still need cleaning up in all subsequent equations again.--F=q(E+v^B) (talk) 06:58, 30 November 2011 (UTC)
- Sorry, I should have just corrected that and left the rest. I guess I felt I didn't have time to, and that it would be irresponsible to leave it, but then I wrote loads here instead. Should probably not have reverted your changes :(. 184.108.40.206 (talk) 17:46, 1 December 2011 (UTC)
Its cool. Please don't worry or apologize!--F=q(E+v^B) (talk) 18:57, 2 December 2011 (UTC)
In addition to adding links and an extra source. I decided to clean up notation. There is a hint of a time derivative as
but then spatial derivatves as
I'm not saying in any way that this subscript notation is wrong, it is more compact - just that its best for the 1st 1/2 of the article to use the more familiar and full notation so less advanced readers, who still know partial differentiation, can settle into article better. -- F = q(E + v × B) 20:39, 28 December 2011 (UTC)
Dirac a physicist?
He was a mathematician. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.127.116.11 (talk) 05:46, 8 January 2012 (UTC)
- Where did you read that from? He was definitley an electrical engineer but became (one of the greatest ever) mathematical physicist - go and read him up.--Maschen (talk) 21:41, 8 January 2012 (UTC)
Probability current? KG Equation?
I appreciate the effort put in to write about the 4-probability current, but the current context should really be moved to the main article on probability current, and in the Dirac equation article it can be linked and mentioned before its use in the subsequent formalism. By no means am I saying to delete, just reduce a little padding and move context is all. =)-- F = q(E + v × B) 08:43, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
I intend to just do it now. It does detract slightly from the article so there shouldn't be any objections.-- F = q(E + v × B) 08:49, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
I believe that the plural of the word 'index' is 'indices', not 'indicies'. Bo Jacoby (talk) 20:46, 21 January 2012 (UTC).
A small neutrality quibble
Dirac's work is extremely important, but the line "...fully on par with the work of Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein before him" is a little silly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 15:43, 1 February 2012 (UTC)
- As a luddite in this argument, and having spent the last 2 years finally understanding what the fuck Dirac's utterly amazing equation is - something I was only capable of grasping after the surrealism of Einstien's theory, I'm disappointed that this prose has been removed. What Einstein suggested was a bit crazy (a satellite travels in a straight line through curved space. Wake up idiots, you're speaking all three dimensionally). Dirac's equation is crazier. It suggests that cause can happen after effect, and it is only the work of a purist mathematition who could blur out "reality" to return reality to us on a very confusing plate. It is well on a par.
— Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 00:53, 12 February 2012 (UTC)
"This article is just crap again"...
Michael C Price, please may you explain why??? If you come out with a comment like that in the article edit history - you should also explain. If its something I have done then say it - I can take it. -- F = q(E + v × B) 22:11, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
- The edit of Michael C Price contradicts to the MoS which discourage links in section titles. Also, ASCII substitutes have to be replaced with en dashes. So, who introduces and preserves a "crap"? F=q(E+v^B), make your job and do not become insulted by every run-by comment. Incnis Mrsi (talk) 13:01, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
- Responded at your talk page here.-- F = q(E + v × B) 20:24, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
- To answer, it something that AntiMatter deleted. I have restored the relevant lost material which shows the relationship between the KG and DE in a few lines. -- cheers, Michael C. Price talk 22:48, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
- Unless anyone objects I'll move the new "Comparison with the Klein-Gordon equation" section from "backgrouund and deveopment" into the "mathematical formulation" section. Seems better suited there. -- cheers, Michael C. Price talk 16:32, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
|This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page.
|Archive 1
|Archive 2
Assessment comment
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Dirac equation/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
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|Geometry guy 15:31, 10 June 2007 (UTC)
This article, and some that it references, are full of inaccuracies and often outright wrong statements. It should be entirely rewritten, which I plan to do. I have started with the section "Covariant Form". The section on quaternions was removed as being patently wrong. The section on the derivation of the equation is also mostly wrong. Identification of the physical content ranges from poor to completely absent. This article should be merged with those on Dirac spinors and gamma matrices, with appropriate references to the theory of representations of the Lorentz group and Clifford algebras. DeSitter33 12:27, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
The opening of the "Details" section was modified with proper attention to the historical context and the mathematical basis of the equation. DeSitter33 08:00, 21 August 2007 (UTC)The sections on covariance was extensively expanded and sections comparing the Dirac theory to the Schroedinger and Pauli theories were added. WIP. DeSitter33 12:30, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
Last edited at 12:30, 22 August 2007 (UTC). Substituted at 20:29, 2 May 2016 (UTC)


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text:
Windows could not connect to the System Event Notification Service service. This problem prevents standard users from logging on to the system. As an administrative user, you can review the System Event Log for details about why the service didn't respond.
Also my aero theme does not work. So everytime i switch on my pc, i go to services then restart the themes service to allow my aero theme to work.
I am using windows 7 32bit, and i recently bought a wireless usb.


text:
Book Review With David Strom 'The Street Sweeper' By Elliot Perlman
- When Thursday, September 27, 2012 at 12:45 p.m.
- Where College Avenue Center, 6299 Capri Drive, San Diego Map | Website
- Age limit 21+
- Categories Books, Lectures & Classes
- Cost Free
Above: Book cover of Elliot Perlman's "The Street Sweeper".
David Strom is a retired professor at SDSU and visits us with new book offerings. This month, he will discuss and review, "The Street Sweeper". This book traces the relationships of several people and their interactions with Holocaust survivors.
The impact of these interactions makes a positive difference in all of their lives. The recurring theme conveyed through this book is the aspect of bearing witness and telling what happened during the Holocaust and during the war.
Date: September 27th at 12:45 p.m.
For more information, contact the College Avenue Center at 858-637-3270.
Location: College Avenue Center, 4855 College Avenue San Diego, CA 92115 Google Maps


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Sri Lankabhimanya
Sri Lankabhimanya (Sinhalese: ශ්රී ලංකාභිමාන්ය; The Pride of Sri Lanka) is the highest national honour of Sri Lanka awarded by the President of Sri Lanka on behalf of the Government. It is the highest civil honour and is conferred upon "those who have rendered exceptionally outstanding and most distinguished service to the nation".[1] The honour can only be held by five Sri Lankans contemporaneously, and may also be conferred posthumously.[2] The honour is conventionally used as a title or prefix to the name of the person who receives the award. To date it has only been awarded seven times, since 1986. Currently, A. T. Ariyaratne, Lester James Peries and Christopher Weeramantry hold the honour. The title is also referred to as Lankabhimanya (Pride of Lanka).
Awardees include:
- 1986
- 1993
- 2005
- Sir Arthur C. Clarke - Science fiction writer, popularizer of space travel, futurist, and inventor.[3][4]
- Lakshman Kadirgamar - Diplomat, politician and lawyer, former Foreign Minister. (Awarded Posthumously)[3]
- 2007
- A. T. Ariyaratne - Founder and president of the Sarvodaya Movement and pioneered the Shramadana Movement in Sri Lanka[3]
- Lester James Peries - Film director, screenwriter, and film producer[3]
- Christopher Weeramantry - Former judge of Supreme Court of Sri Lanka and a member and later Vice President of the International Court of Justice[3]
See also[edit]
- ^ Gunawardena, Charles A. (2005). Encyclopedia Of Sri Lanka. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 254.
- ^ "Sri Lankabhimanya award for two distinguished Sri Lankans". Island. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g "National Awards". Presidential Secretariat. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- ^ "Front Page : Sri Lanka honours Arthur Clarke, Kadirgamar". The Hindu. 2005-11-15. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
External links[edit]
|This Sri Lanka-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
Former Postal Worker In Santa Ana Agrees To Plead Guilty To Stealing Credit CardsChinh Vuong stole more than 6,000 credit cards from undelivered mail and sold them.
Best Hangout Spots After Bar Close In O.C.When bars close up shop for the night, don't fear, as there are plenty of places in Orange County to hang out after the bars close.
Caught On Video: Burglars Fail To Get In After Smashing Garden Grove Pharmacy DoorTwo people tried to burglarize a pharmacy in Garden Grove Wednesday, police said.
2 Men Arrested In Garden Grove Lottery Ticket Heists, 2 More At LargePolice say they have arrested two men in two elaborate convenience store burglaries aimed at stealing thousands of lottery tickets.
Burglars Use Rope, Van To Rip Doors Off Garden Grove Store To Steal Lottery TicketsA rope and a van were used early Tuesday morning to rip the doors off a Garden Grove convenience store, which was then ransacked for its lottery tickets – the second such burglary in the city in a week.
Pair Suspected Of Breaking Into Liquor Store In Garden Grove Weren't After MoneyA pair suspected of breaking into a liquor store in Garden Grove weren't after money but California Scratchers, authorities said.
Crews Extinguish 4-Alarm Fire At Restaurant In Garden GroveThe cause of the fire remains under investigation.
Man Shot Twice While Sitting In Car With Daughter, Girlfriend In Garden GroveAuthorities say a 42-year-old man was shot twice while in a car with his daughter and girlfriend in Garden Grove.
Best Bars In Garden GroveGarden Grove offers bars of all types, including neighborhood style ones where everyone knows your name to sports bars. These are the best.
Several Pharmacies Burglarized Overnight Throughout OCSeveral pharmacies all over Orange County were burglarized overnight for drugs, lottery tickets and cough syrup worth as much as $1,000 per bottle, authorities said Wednesday.
Police: Woman's Death In Garden Grove Apartment Appears SuspiciousA 40-year-old woman's body was found inside her apartment in Garden Grove, and its being investigated as a "suspicious death," police said Wednesday.
Search Underway For Hit-And-Run Driver In Garden GroveThe driver of a white Chevy Silverado side-swiped one car, struck two parked vehicles and took off.


text: In the course of the debate, a question comes up concerning whether or not the bonds should have an ordinary (not make-whole) call feature. Chris confuses everybody by stating, "The call feature lets S&S Air force conversion, thereby minimizing the problem that Mark has identified" What is he talking about? Is he making sense


text:
These days, making hip-hop for hip-hop's sake, by paying tribute to the culture's four elements, isn't exactly what's in demand. But the Visionaries don't seem to be aiming for mass appeal today, nor have they ever. For this six-man crew, preserving the essence of hip-hop is vital, even if only the true b-boys and [cont.]
As the lyrics from the title-track of the Visionaries' new album, Pangaea, imply, this six-man crew out of Cali began like a supercontinent–just like the Earth did before it drifted as separate continents that shifted. Key Kool illustrates the metaphor best when he raps, "We're not all alike but fall right into place." And [cont.]
HHS: The title, Pangaea – as far as Visionaries are concerned, what's your significance for having a title like this? Key Kool: "The concept of Pangaea was – the world before it became seven separate continents, was just one continent. Kinda just like how the musicis for us. We came from all these different walks [cont.]
- Raekwon Sets A Release Date For "F.I.L.A." Album
- BUSH: A Snoop Odyssey Produced By Pharrell Williams [Preview]
- Drake – "If You're Reading This It's Too Late" Surprise Album on iTunes Now
- Action Bronson "Mr. Wonderful" Cover Art and Tracklist
- Juicy J "Blue Dream & Lean 2″ Mixtape Cover Art & Release Date Revealed
- MF Grimm "MF Love Songs" Cover Art + Tracklist
- Lord Hakim – "Brass Knucklez" (feat. Vast Aire & Phizz Ed)
- IAMSU! – "Hella Good" (feat. Tyga)
- DJ Kay Slay – "I Declare War" (feat. Styles P, Sheek Louch, Vado, Raekwon, & Rell)
- Maverick Sabre – "We Don't Wanna Be" (feat. Joey Bada$$)
- Cannibal Ox – "Blade: Art of Ox" (feat. Artifacts & U-God; prod. Black Milk)
- Asher Roth – "Blow Your Head" (prod. Nottz)
- It's Time To Say Goodbye...
Commented on by Yungplex
- It's Time To Say Goodbye...
Commented on by geedubbleyoo
- Fat Trel - "In My Bag" (feat. Wale)
Commented on by Katae
- Kanye West's "Runaway": What Does It All Mean?
Commented on by fidgar
- Sole Vs. El-P: Part One - Sole
Commented on by Reno Yakavetta
- It's Time To Say Goodbye...
Commented on by Atom


text:
In my domain I have the Desktop and My Documents redirected to the file server. I found out that when someone deletes a file from the Desktop it doesn't go to the recycle bin. If you delete a file from My documents it does go to the recycle bin.
They are both redirected using Group policy. Permissions look the same on both folders. My only thought is that because the My documents is redirected to the home folder Windows is acting like it's a local folder and not a network folder.


text:
28 years of experience
Accepting new patients
2301 House Ave
Cheyenne, WY 82001 Phone number & directions
Patient Reviews
Patient Reviews ? Write a Review
Overall Rating:
Total Ratings
Total Reviews
Doctor Bailey is excellent with everything above but he should be more selective of his employees his staff was horrific , in makin me wait to see the doctor and I let them know about it on doctor baileys last day in office which happen to be my birthday , and they took 4 hours of my time to see doctor that day , He is a wonderful person and a angel in disqueise, he's my hero
Dr. Bailey is amazing to say the least. He did an excellent job performing my husbands triple bypass and he made sure I had updates as the surgery progressed. Its because of him that my husband is still alive. I will always be grateful to him for his expertise and knowledge and kindness. I highly recommend him to any one and every one
Doctor Bailey is beyond amazing. He saved my life!!!! My situation was pretty complicated, however Dr. Bailey was always in control of my treatment, medical needs and the game plan. If ever my family or myself was in need of medical attention I would want Dr. Bailey to be right there making the decisions. He is kind, brilliant, thorough, trust worthy, extremely experienced and has his patients best interest in every decision he makes. He truly is one of a kind and the BEST Doctor!!!!
Dr. Bailey saved my grandmother's life not just once but twice! She was a time-bomb and Dr. Bailey did not falter when it came down to life-and-death situations. He is confident and trusting. I would trust him with ANY family member!! He is amazing in my books.


text:
Taiwan's Minister of Foreign Affairs David Lin was in Managua on Monday for a visit to strengthen ties with Nicaragua, one of just a handful of nations with which it has diplomatic relations.
The Taiwan embassy said in a statement that upon arrival Lin laid flowers at a mausoleum housing the remains of Carlos Fonseca, founder of the Sandinista National Liberation Front.
Lin also visited a Managua park named in honor of Augusto Cesar Sandino, who gave his name to the revolutionary movement and the party which now rules Nicaragua.
Nicaragua is one of just 22 countries in the world that has diplomatic relations with Taiwan instead of China.
Since the two nations signed a free trade agreement in 2006, bilateral trade has grown from $47 million to $98 million in 2012.
Latin America, the South Pacific and Africa have been the main battlegrounds for China and Taiwan, which have accused each other of luring allies away with "checkbook diplomacy."


text:
World Trade Organization:
First-Year U.S. Efforts to Monitor China's Compliance
GAO-03-461: Published: Mar 31, 2003. Publicly Released: Mar 31, 2003.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-4347
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
China's December 2001 membership in the World Trade Organization created substantial opportunities for U.S. companies seeking to expand into China's vast market, and for significant reforms within China at all levels of government. However, the benefits of China's membership in the World Trade Organization are contingent on China's successful implementation of its commitments. In recognizing this fact, Congress has provided increased resources to executive branch agencies to enhance the government's ability to effectively monitor and enforce China's compliance. In this study, one of several that GAO will conduct for Congress on China-World Trade Organization issues, GAO was asked to (1) examine key agencies' organizational changes and the interagency process used to carry out compliance responsibilities and (2) review how the agencies have addressed compliance issues that arose during the first year of China's membership, by using two specific examples; the examples illustrate the type of compliance issues U.S. officials face but are not representative of China's compliance record overall. The U.S. Trade Representative and other agency officials provided technical and editorial comments mainly on our characterization of issues relating to tariff-rate quotas and the multilateral review of China's trade policies. We clarified these issues and made other changes as appropriate.
In order to better monitor China's compliance with its World Trade Organization commitments, the U.S. Trade Representative and the departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and State have (1) reorganized or established intra-agency teams to coordinate their oversight of China's compliance; (2) increased staff from about 28 to 53 in key units in Washington, D.C., and China from fiscal year 2000 to 2002; and (3) reflected these changes in their agencies' recent performance and strategic plans. In addition, the U.S. Trade Representative is leading a new interagency working group on China's compliance to identify, analyze, and resolve problems. This group, which utilizes private sector input, was very active in monitoring and responding to issues during the first year of China's membership, although it took some time for agencies to work out their respective roles and responsibilities in the interagency group. U.S. agencies' experiences in two areas during the first year of China's World Trade Organization membership illustrate the challenges ahead in addressing compliance issues. First, problems regarding China's commitments to grant market access to certain bulk agricultural commodities through the use of tariff-rate quotas show the extensive effort required to identify difficulties, gather and analyze information, and begin to resolve complex and technical issues with China. Second, disagreement among World Trade Organization members over how to conduct a comprehensive annual review of China's trade policies within the World Trade Organization led to a limited first-year review that did not meet U.S. expectations, and illustrated the challenges of gaining consensus in this multilateral forum to improve future oversight. Problems in both of these areas are unresolved, and U.S. officials continue to pursue their resolution with China in 2003.
Jul 14, 2016
Syria Humanitarian Assistance:Implementing Partners Have Assessed Some Risks of Providing Aid inside Syria, but U.S. Agencies Could Improve Fraud OversightGAO-16-808T: Published: Jul 14, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 14, 2016.
Syria Humanitarian Assistance:Some Risks of Providing Aid inside Syria Assessed, but U.S. Agencies Could Improve Fraud OversightGAO-16-629: Published: Jul 14, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 14, 2016.
Jul 6, 2016
Compact of Free Association:Proposed U.S. Assistance to Palau for Fiscal Years 2016 to 2024GAO-16-788T: Published: Jul 6, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 6, 2016.
Jul 5, 2016
U.S.-China Cooperation:Bilateral Clean Energy Programs Show Some Results but Should Enhance Their Performance MonitoringGAO-16-669: Published: Jul 5, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 5, 2016.
May 19, 2016
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting:U.S. Assistance to Combat This Harmful Practice Abroad Is LimitedGAO-16-485: Published: Apr 27, 2016. Publicly Released: May 19, 2016.
May 12, 2016
Security Assistance:U.S. Government Should Strengthen End-Use Monitoring and Human Rights Vetting for EgyptGAO-16-435: Published: Apr 12, 2016. Publicly Released: May 12, 2016.
Apr 19, 2016
Unaccompanied Children:HHS Should Improve Monitoring and Information Sharing Policies to Enhance Child Advocate Program EffectivenessGAO-16-367: Published: Apr 19, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 19, 2016.
Apr 18, 2016
Foreign Aid:USAID Generally Complied with Its Antiterrorism Policies and Procedures for Program Assistance for West Bank and GazaGAO-16-442: Published: Apr 18, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 18, 2016.
Apr 12, 2016
Security Assistance:Better Records Management and More Reporting Needed on Presidential DrawdownsGAO-16-291: Published: Apr 12, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 12, 2016.
Apr 5, 2016
Compacts of Free Association:Issues Associated with Implementation in Palau, Micronesia, and the Marshall IslandsGAO-16-550T: Published: Apr 5, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 5, 2016.
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text:
Wise words for our time
Published: Wednesday, February 25, 2009 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, February 24, 2009 at 10:51 p.m.
To The Editor: A quote by the late Dr. Adrian Rogers (1931-2005):
You cannot legislate the poor into freedom by legislating the wealthy out of freedom. What one person receives without working for, another person must work for without receiving.
The government cannot give to anybody anything that the government does not first take from somebody else.
When half of the people get the idea that they do not have to work because the other half is going to take care of them, and when the other half gets the idea that it does no good to work because somebody else is going to get what they work for, that my dear friend, is about the end of any nation.
You cannot multiply wealth by dividing it.
Stan Tomberg
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article


text:
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text:
What baby wouldn't enjoy drifting off to sleep to the sounds of Welcome to the Jungle or November Rain? My daughter and I have had a blast listening to Rockabye Baby's lullaby renditions of popular bands (ok, so maybe this is more of a treat for Mommy). Who knew the xylophone and glockenspiel could sound so good?
Not a fan of 80's hair bands?
All Locations | Bookmobile
DPL Newsletters
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text:
We are happy to announce a new and easy way to acquire imagery at the Aerial Imagery Archive. Our new online request system gives you unprecedented access to the largest collection of historic aerial imagery for Michigan. Thousands of images and terabytes of data are now available at your fingertips.
Learn how to access the Archive
PS - You can still visit us in person. We like it when visitors stop by.
Join us for our one- and two- day CEU certified workshops, taught by our staff of Certified GIS Professionals, covering the principle tools of geospatial technology.
August, 15-17, 2016
Enroll in these training opportunities to receive CEU credit for your professional certification requirements, continuing education goals, resume enhancement, etc.


text:
English, PDF, 1,299kb
In 2015 the Lithuanian government launched an ambitious Social Model reform agenda aimed at balancing flexibility of the labour market and security provided through the system of social protection.
English, PDF, 1,311kb
Although Lithuania's growth has been impressive, inequality is high, the risk of poverty is one of the highest of European countries, and life expectancy is comparatively low and strongly dependent on socio-economic background.
Poor skills severely reduce a person's chance of a better-paying and more-rewarding job, and have a major impact on how the benefits of economic growth are shared within societies. In countries where large shares of adults have poor skills, it is difficult to introduce productivity-enhancing technologies and new ways of working, which stalls improvements in living standards, according to a new OECD report.
The effective use of school resources is a policy priority across OECD countries. The OECD Reviews of School Resources explore how resources can be governed, distributed, utilised and managed to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education.
The series considers four types of resources: financial resources, such as public funding of individual schools; human resources, such as teachers, school leaders and education administrators; physical resources, such as location, buildings and equipment; and other resources, such as learning time.
This series offers timely policy advice to both governments and the education community. It includes both country reports and thematic studies.
The present report on Lithuania is the fourth of a new series on "Investing in Youth" which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of the youth labour market and VET system in Lithuania from an international comparative perspective, and offers tailored recommendations to help improve school-to-work transitions. It also provides an opportunity for Lithuania to learn from the innovative measures that other countries have taken to strengthen the skills of youth and their employment outcomes, notably through the implementation of a Youth Guarantee.
Drei von vier Lehrerinnen und Lehrern vermissen Anreize, die einen besseren Unterricht belohnen. Gleichzeitig wird aus Sicht der Lehrkräfte in drei von fünf Schulen der Unterricht durch unangebrachtes Verhalten der Schüler gestört.
Three out of four teachers feel they lack incentives to improve the quality of their teaching, while bad behaviour by students in the classroom disrupts lessons in three schools out of five, according to a new OECD report.
Un nuevo estudio de la OCDE provee los primeros datos comparativos a nivel internacional sobre las condiciones que afectan a los docentes en las escuelas – desde el impacto de los problemas en los salones de clases hasta las oportunidades de capacitación profesional.
Reform of education, training and human resource development is an integral part of the transition to a democratic society and market economy. Lithuania has made progress in all these areas since reform began in 1990. The challenge for the Minist...


text:
You need to let go of your stereotypes.
Also, I love stupid threads. Probably more than the next guy because mountain bikes and parts just aren't that controversial no matter how hard we try to make them so. I mean, I really cannot get worked up about the difference in wheel sizes, for example, because I just kinda' ride what I like.
So God Bless the OP. This topic is wonderfully ridiculous and misguided.
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Thread: The Dark Side of Park Tools?
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text:
BOSTON -- The Boston Bruins, who are 5-0-1 in their last six games and trying to finish strong before the Olympic break, will host the Montreal Canadiens for the first time this season Thursday night at TD Garden.
The last time these rivals met, a 2-1 Montreal victory Dec. 5 at Bell Centre in Montreal, defenseman Johnny Boychuk was taken off the ice on a stretcher with a back injury early in the first period. Despite playing with five defensemen for the majority of the game, the Bruins controlled play in the first and third period, but imploded in the second as the Canadiens scored two unanswered goals en route to victory.
After that game, Bruins coach Claude Julien was furious with his team's lackluster performance in the second period.
Lately, the Bruins have been playing better team hockey, with all four lines contributing. Julien wants his team to continue that style of play regardless of who it's facing.
"Right now it's really important that we continue to look at our game. Our game's been good, but it's always a good game against the Montreal Canadiens, and it's always been a great rivalry," Julien said. "But let's not look at it so much as a rivalry more than we need to continue bringing our game to the table every night that we're playing this week, and finish it off on a good note here with five games left before the Olympic break. And that's where our whole focus is. You've got to try to not get dragged into this big buildup that we have every time we play them."
After the Bruins' 6-2 win over the Florida Panthers on Tuesday night at TD Garden, goaltender Tuukka Rask described the team's overall play as solid. It will be interesting to see if Rask starts against the Canadiens, or if Julien decides to give backup Chad Johnson the nod. Rask has posted a 2-9-2 record in 13 career games against the Habs.
At the other end of the ice, Montreal's Carey Price, who made 32 saves against the Bruins on Dec. 5, is 17-8-3 in 28 career games against Boston.
"We lost the first game in their building, so obviously we feel like we owe them a good game," said Bruins forward David Krejci, who has nine points in the last six games. "We don't want to focus too much into rivalry stuff, we just want to go out there and have a good game and get two points."
It's a bit odd that the Bruins have played more than half the season and Thursday will be only the second time they've played the Canadiens.
"The schedule has been a little bit all over the place. For sure, it's going to be a big game," said Bruins captain Zdeno Chara. "We have a few left before the Olympic break, so we want to for sure finish on a strong note."


text:
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interesting and deep
very good
Very good one
Hi! Pies'n'Guys In Blue Skies. Nice! Fairly Easy, Though. Got ADD, No Attention, Just Right Ahead. Fairy Easy To Solve Tale For Any Brownie, Once I Was One True Light-Bearer, One Youthful Boy. Thanks, chess.com "Þegar Lífið Verður Að Skyldu Hættir Það Að Bera Ávöxt." When One's Life Becomes Duty One's Life Ceases Fruiting'. Chao!
Awesome sequence. I think I remember it from a chess mentor excersice though.
Hard for me but I solved it...
unexpected, again...
This problem was mind-boggling!
Wow! This was so much like Saturday's Puzzle, that this time it was easy.
I dont get it
Hi! Pies'n'Guys In Blue Skies.Fairly Easy Puzzle Today. Nice For A Brownie. The Light-Bearer Easeland Once Was. Don't Torment The Living Light. Always Delight. Be Ever Fortune Chao!
I still got it in 5-10 seconds, but at least it wasn't a silly one move mate.
why is it this puzzle on the 6th?
wah it's the same as yesterday
2007 is just a number....
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Please tell me my mistakes
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We currently accept online payments with a number of credit cards using VCS (Virtual Card Systems) secure server payment gateway. The current credit cards we accept include:
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SA Cricket Shop reserve the right to withhold any order from dispatch in order to process further security checks. This can delay an order for up to 36 hours


text:
The Manhattan Optimist Monarchs played in the 14B Fastpitch National Invitational in Kansas City over Memorial Day weekend. The Monarchs opened the tourney on Friday, May 22 with a 4-2 loss to the Tropical Storm. Grayce Morrison had two hits, and Clara Carter and Abigail Chainey
KANSAS CITY — The Royals refused to take a hint from the baseball gods. And paid the price for it. You'll recall that the AL Central leaders received a massive dose of good fortune from Mother Nature Saturday night — an endless deluge of rain that
Manhattan resident Joe Moore started his journey early Saturday morning on Coach Bill Snyder Highway and ended it at Bill Snyder Family Stadium. Moore, 31, was the first finisher of the inaugural Bill Snyder Highway Half and 5K, finishing the 13.1-mile half-marathon distance in 1:05:48 — beating
The Midwest Stix 11-and-under baseball team went 5-1 last weekend to capture the title at the Hawaiian Hitfest National Invitational Tournament in Overland Park. The Stix went 2-1 in pool play with a 2-1 win over the Topeka Stix, a 10-2 victory over the
The Manhattan Basketball Association is sponsoring a breakfast club basketball training series throughout the month of June. Cost is $50, with a $40 per child for families with three or more athletes. The club will meet at Anthony Middle School each Monday through Thursday from the first
The Manhattan Optimist Double Play 12-and-under softball team saw action May 9 at the Blue and Gold tournament at the Bill Burke sports complex in Salina. In pool play the team was 2-0. In Game 1, Toree Hoobler pitched four innings, striking out eight. Hoobler, along
The Manhattan Optimist Rebels 14-and-under softball team competed in the USSSA Lake Shawnee Mother's Day tournament last Saturday. The Rebels' pitching dominated the tournament, allowing only two hits in three shutout games. The Rebels won Game 1 13-0 against the Ninja Warriors from Topeka.
Sean McClure scored a hole-in-one on the seventh green at Stagg Hill Golf Club on Thursday. McClure pulled off the achievement from 172 yards out with a 4-iron. It was his first hole-in-one. It was witnessed by Tim McClure.
The Manhattan Optimist 12-and-under Doubleplay softball team finished third in the Manhattan Spring Slam fastpitch tournament last weekend at Twin Oaks complex in Annenberg Park. The team got off to a slow start in pool play on Saturday, going 0-2. Sunday proved to be a
The 14-and-under Manhattan Optimist Monarchs compiled a 1-3 record last weekend at Twin Oaks in Manhattan in their season-opening tournament. The Monarchs began with a 5-3 loss to the Patriots. Danae Adams, Grayce Morrison, and Caitlin Donahue all had hits, and Donahue pitched the game,
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This page requires a MaxPreps membership account.
Don't stress... It's free and easy to setup.
The Wando Warriors girls basketball team won Tuesday's home non-conference game against rival school West Ashley by a score of 72-56.
(January 12, 2010: Mt. Pleasant, SC 29466) Fans at Tuesday's non-league challenge between the Wando Warriors (Mt. Pleasant, SC) and the visiting West Ashley Wildcats (Charleston, SC), saw Wando's basketball squad knock off West Ashley by a score of 72-56.
With the victory, Wando improves its record to 11-4 on the campaign. The Warriors travel to Berkeley (Moncks Corner, SC) to battle the Stags in a AAAA Region VII challenge on Friday, January 15. The Stags come into the challenge with a record of 4-6. Berkeley lost 66-24 in their recent league challenge against Goose Creek (Goose Creek, SC)
Next up, the Wildcats battle the Beaufort Eagles (Beaufort, SC) in a AAAA Region VIII challenge, on Friday, January 15. West Ashley will attempt to improve on its 9-3 season record. The Eagles come into the challenge with a 6-6 record after their 64-42 league loss to Colleton County (Walterboro, SC).


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Field Trips
Experienced birders and beginners are welcome on all of our field trips. Experienced birders will lead each trip to help you learn where to find and how to identify an exciting variety of bird species. Several trips are planned for each month. Some are local and usually last two to three hours, while others going farther away may be day long trips or even overnighters. They are always a good way to hone your skills and enjoy the company of other birders in the outdoors.
For more information about a field trip or to volunteer to lead a trip please contact our Field Trip organizer, Gabriel Mapel, [email protected] 540-363-5035.
Special Note: Most trips require early departure times that will allow us to reach our destinations to observe the birds when they are most active during the early morning hours.
Please note that we no longer copy a separate listing of upcoming field trips on this page.
Please see the current newsletter for field trips scheduled this month.
If you are interested in knowing where some of the field trips in the past have gone, then you can find most of the newsletters published since 2006, and some even earlier by clicking on newsletter archives.


text:
Linux software on Mac OS X
Pack Your Mac
An increasing number of Linux desktop users also run a Mac, and although the Mac has a lot of great programs, Linux has a lot of apps you can't get natively for the Mac.
Fink and MacPorts are projects that focus on porting open source software to Mac systems. Both projects also provide a packaging system and an interface for command-line installation.
Pick a Project
MacPorts [1] is the more comprehensive project, with 5,807 packages (at time of writing) to Fink's 3,015. However, Fink [2] still offers certain packages that aren't in MacPorts. If you have a short list of packages you want to move to your Mac, check out both package lists to see which will work the best.
Or Mix and Match
Also, it's possible to mix and match: I run packages from both MacPorts and Fink on the same machine quite happily. This approach might cause conflicts, however; make sure you don't install the same program via both projects.
X11 and Xcode
The majority of packages in Fink and MacPorts that use a GUI will need X11 to run. (If all you're going to run is command-line software, you don't need X11; neither Fink nor MacPorts use it per se.) X11 is available on the Apple DVD that came with your Mac, and as of the Leopard (10.5) release, it is installed automatically.
If you're running 10.4 (Tiger), you need to put your installation DVD into your Mac, click the Optional Installs package, then choose X11 when you get to the appropriate screen of the installer.
For MacPorts, you'll also need Xcode, which you can install either from the Mac OS X installation DVD or from the Apple Developer website [3].
Although you can install binary packages in Fink without Xcode, you'll need it if you want to install from source.
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SUSE Joins the Microsoft Test Drive Program
Customers can take a free test drive of SLES for HPC on the Azure Cloud
SiFive Launches a Line of Open Source Chips
San Francisco-based chip company announces their first fully open source chip platform.
Fedora 24 Released
The whole distro gets rebuilt on glibc 2.3
Canonical Announces Cross-Distro Support for Snaps
Ubuntu Vendor tries to solve app packaging and distribution problem across distributions.
ownCloud Forked
Founder of ownCloud launches the Nextcloud project.
HP Enterprise Unveils a Futuristic Computer
Will The Machine change the way future programmers think about memory?
CoreOS Announces Distributed Storage System
The new Torus distributed storage system is available under an open source license on GitHub
Google Beats Oracle in the Android Lawsuit
Juries decides Google's use of Java APIs Was Fair Use
Linux is the Largest Software Development Project in History
But if you are not using the latest Linux kernel, your system is insecure.
Linksys Says Yes to Open Source Firmware
Home routers will give room for custom firmware but still comply with FCC rules


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Be respectful, keep it clean.


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Life On AirOUP Oxford 2008; US$ 28.99 US$ 24.93
In this first major account of Radio 4's history, Hendy explores the station's struggle to justify itself in a television age amid passionate disputes with its fiercely loyal listeners. Life on Air provides a gripping insight into the very nature of British life and culture in the last decades of the twentieth century. more...
NoiseProfile Books 2013; US$ 11.98
Prehistoric drummers used natural acoustics to recreate natural sound. In classical Europe, orators turned the human voice into a lyrical instrument. In Buddhist temples, the icons' ears were exaggerated to represent their spiritual power. And in modern metropolises we are battered by the roar of sound that surrounds us. In the first narrative... more...
NoiseHarperCollins 2013; US$ 12.74
What if history had a sound track? What would it tell us about ourselves? Based on a thirty-part BBC Radio series and podcast, Noise explores the human dramas that have revolved around sound at various points in the last 100,000 years, allowing us to think in fresh ways about the meaning of our collective past. Though we might see ourselves inhabiting... more...
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Business LawTaylor and Francis 2014; US$ 72.95
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Munich gunman 'obsessed with mass shootings'
The teenager who killed nine people in Munich was obsessed with mass shootings, including the Norwegian massacre by Anders Behring Breivik of 2011, German police say.
Kabul explosion: Islamic State 'admits attack on Hazara protest'
So-called Islamic State says it was behind an attack on a protest march in the Afghan capital, Kabul, killing 80 people and injuring 230.
Hillary Clinton running mate Tim Kaine battles Trump with optimism
Tim Kaine - Democrat Hillary Clinton's newly announced presidential running mate - makes his national debut, saying: "America was not built on fear".
Turkey failed coup: Nephew of US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen held
Turkey detains a nephew of US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, who it blames for the recent failed coup, state media report.
Russian balloonist 'breaks Fossett's round-the-world record'
A Russian balloonist has set a new record of 11 days for flying non-stop around the world, his support crew says.
China floods: More than 150 killed and hundreds of thousands evacuated
Floods in north and central China leave at least 150 people dead and more than 100 missing, with hundreds of thousands forced to evacuate, officials say.
Pavel Sheremet: Murdered journalist buried in Belarus
Hundreds of mourners attend the funeral of prominent investigative journalist Pavel Sheremet, who was killed by a car bomb in Ukraine on Wednesday.
Koffi Olomide case: Kenya deports singer over airport 'kick'
The Kenyan authorities deport one of Africa's biggest musicians, Koffi Olomide, after he is filmed apparently kicking a woman at Nairobi's main airport.
Cheltenham school pupils injured in France coach crash
Fifteen Britons are injured as a bus carrying a group of school pupils from Cheltenham crashes in eastern France.
Hungry Jack's: Corpse lay undiscovered in Australian fast food outlet toilet for days
Authorities in Western Australia try to determine how a dead body went unnoticed for three days in the toilet of a Hungry Jack's outlet.
Turkey's Deputy PM Nurettin Canikli warns of more arrests
Turkey's deputy prime minister says the plotters behind last week's failed coup had infiltrated all ministries and more arrests will follow.
Tim Kaine: Hillary Clinton unveils running mate
Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton formally introduces her presidential running mate, Virginia Senator Tim Kaine.
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Welcome to ABC Radio National. Skip to:
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Anne Maria Nicholson is an ABC journalist and author who has a fascination with volcanoes. To get the science and facts right for her novel, Pliny's Warning, she spent a few months living in Italy, where she immersed herself in all things volcanic, teaming up with volcanologists at steaming crater mouths and under water at well hidden Roman archaeological sites.
This [series episode segment] has
Australia has the oldest rocks ever found. The story of their creation is like a great drama.
This [series episode segment] has
The latest Lapham's Quarterly is dosed up on medicine. Its editor and founder Lewis Lapham has collected writings from the last 3000 years on doctors, patients, nurses, surgery, health and disease.
Modern science has long painted Neanderthals as our placid cousins. But a new book claims that the Neanderthal was actually a brutal carnivore who hunted and raped humans and then ate them.
When you think of science-fiction stories, double-headed aliens or interstellar warfare often come to mind.
To celebrate the International Year of Astronomy we strap on our space suits and blast into space for an intergalactic adventure with some astronomical writers who shuttle us from space operas to finding words to explain cosmic magnetism.
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image, and
Celebrating 40 years since Neil Armstrong walked on the moon, two space historians transport us back to 1969 and provide an in-depth look at the previous lunar missions, the astronauts and the American and Russian lunar programs.
This [series episode segment] has
The demands of writing a biography are endlessly challenging. Accounting for the value, complexity and truth of a person's life is difficult enough but what about when the person is a scientist?
This year marks 200 years since Louis Braille's birth. Louis was just three years old when he became blind. He was playing in his father's Paris workshop when he accidentally stabbed himself in the eye.
While Darwin was doing his meticulous research for his theory of evolution in the 19th century, science was becoming popularised. Scientific dialogue reverberated well beyond the walls of the laboratories. The conception of the self and of belief were all challenged because now, humans were part of the evolutionary trajectory that linked them with the apes.
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International Edition
July, 24, 2016
About Us
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I've been back in Taiwan now for three weeks after a recent visit to the United States. Although my stay over there was only for two months, several impressions I picked up are still nagging at me.
History doesn't get much more ironic than this.1 Comment
Gustave Flaubert's great novel "Madame Bovary" builds itself around a series of rich and complex "community events." These events in the hands of Flaubert can be elaborate indeed. But the event itself need not be.1 Comment
Like many, I find the Rachel Dolezal controversy both fascinating and troubling.
For the past 5 years, I've been meeting over Thursday lunch periods with a group of students on my campus for discussions on current affairs, almost always focused on Taiwan. We rely on media reports, opinion columns similar to this one, and life experiences to share observations and views on whatever pops up in the news.
A professor I have never met and a TV show I've never watched grabbed headlines this week, and my attention, too.
If you are a regular reader here, you know I occasionally ask my students to give me a hand. I might ask them, for example, to respond anonymously to an anecdotal survey on one topic or the other. I have found some of their words particularly interesting.
University professors offer students carefully honed syllabi for courses at the start of each semester. These syllabi list boring details such as the instructor's contact information, goals of the course (not so boring, I hope), instructional methods, rules and policies, weekly assignments, and other cool items.
The phrase "the secret to happiness" sounds so beguiling that we've a right to be skeptical about it. People may say there is such a secret, and they know what it is, but most of us probably shake our heads in wonder. We doubt anyone can tell us a secret such as that.
When I was a child, there were two holidays that I dreaded. I dreaded them so much that I wanted to rip them off the pages of calendars. If I could have thrown those holidays out the window and out of my life, believe me, I'd have done it. It was of course impossible.2 Comments


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Communication Gaps in Disaster Management: Perceptions by Experts from Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations
Version of Record online: 24 OCT 2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5973.2011.00656.x
© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
Volume 20, Issue 1, pages 2–12, March 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Palttala, P., Boano, C., Lund, R. and Vos, M. (2012), Communication Gaps in Disaster Management: Perceptions by Experts from Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 20: 2–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5973.2011.00656.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 21 FEB 2012
- Version of Record online: 24 OCT 2011
Funded by
- European Community's Seventh Framework Programme. Grant Number: n°217889
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
The complexity of current disasters creates a challenge for crisis communication. This paper aims at identifying gaps in communication in disaster management experienced in practice in order to facilitate learning from those situations. The research was conducted using a qualitative online open-ended questionnaire. It shows that despite the developments in the discipline, communication as an integral part of decision making in disaster management needs to be further developed. The paper provides a practical-oriented overview of the communication constraints in complex crisis situations, which has not been provided so far. This research is part of an international project developing performance indicators for a quality measurement system for crisis communication.


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Love this Cooktop!!!
By Mom in Minnesota
from Eden Prairie, MN, United States
Comments about LG 30" Gas Cooktop - Stainless Steel:
I was cautiously optimistic ordering this cooktop after reading several other reviews about the burning of the unit in the corner. I have not found this to be an issue at all!! It looks beautiful w/ our new countertops and it is super easy to clean. I am very happy with my purchase and would definitely recommend this cooktop!!!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Best ever gas cooktop
By Katie18
from Carrollton, TX
This is my first gas cooktop and I am so glad I chose this over electric. Its fast and efficient. So glad I chose LG.
Knobs and lettering -- cheap, cheap, cheap!!
By shaw858
from Spencer, TN 38585, USA
36" propane cooktop. We can a lot of food so the cooktop has seen very heavy use. The "superboil" feature is apparently negated when used with propane as food will boil faster on the smaller BTU burners. However, boilovers are very common as well even on the smallest burner. My biggest gripe is that the cheap plastic knobs all broke at the stem within one year and the lettering around the knobs is coming off. On the plus side, it is fairly easy to clean. I would not recommend this cooktop if you use propane and/or will be using it heavily.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
(0 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Almost perfect
By RTinGA
from Powder Springs, GA, USA
This is the second LG cook top we have purchased. The first (in a previous house) was great so we bought another one for the new house. It was also great. Good control of flame level and easy to disassemble burners. The only complaint and it isn't a big one is that the knobs don't seem to be very strong or long wearing. We shall see.
Good Product For Lite Cooking
By Brandon
from Dallas, TX, USA
I replaced my old cooktop recently with LG and I was happy as it is fairly a simple install and was added value in the kitchen looking great with style/Design. We cook heavily at home and noticed it is getting difficult in cleaning the spills and grease. This was not the case with my previous cooktop. I feel heat radiation is more compared to my previous cooktop. Also knobs color changed with in a month of use. Overall product is nice for very lite cooking only.
By Patzy
from Undisclosed
I'm not very happy with this product very expensive and spills won't clean , I spend a lot money already to purchase stain steel products but nothing get the spill mark off. The cooktop looks very nice but the surface looks very cheap and easy to scratch with anything. Very disappointed with this purchase.
Love the gas
By bigstookie
from Indianapolis
much better than our old Kenmore glass top. Love how fast everything is. Very easy to clean and no issues with knobs.
Great burners!
By Emily
from Florida, USA
Despite reading other negative reviews about the knobs, we've had no problems at all! Excellent even heat, quick cleaning grates, and looks wonderful !
By Larry
from Oakland Charter Township, MI, USA
What a great cooktop. It was easy to install and simple to use. Spills clean up easy. Cooks well.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
The Numbers around the knobs has worn off
By MAD
from San Diego, CA, USA
I purchased the 30" gas cook top in December 2009. The numbers around the knobs started to wear off right at the 1 year mark. It's not from over use but just wiping around the knobs with a wet dish cloth has worn the numbers off. Other than the numbers wearing off, the cook top delivers and cleans up nicely. The grates are very sturdy and easy to clean.
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The Simple Slideshow Plugin seems to break the sorting ability of the new WP 3.5 media manager when creating a gallery within the media manager. Since both probably work with JQuery, I supppose there might be a conflict with JQuery?!
I'm using WP 3.5 and the latest Simple Slideshow Plugin version.
Anyone else with this problem and any suggestions on how to fix it?