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Christmas Show opens in Charlotte
Published: Sunday, November 6, 2005 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Sunday, November 6, 2005 at 12:00 a.m.
CHARLOTTE -- The Southern Christmas Show will be held Thursday through Nov. 20 at the Charlotte Merchandise Mart with a preview benefit scheduled for Wednesday evening. This year's theme is "A Sugarplum Christmas," and all three buildings at the Merchandise Mart will once again be transformed into a gigantic holiday wonderland.
The show features more than 500 merchants; the popular Dickensian "Olde Towne" shopping village; demonstrations by skilled craftspeople and artisans; model trains; dozens of miniature houses and rooms; Christmas tree ornaments; holiday doors, mantels and wreaths; Christmas designer rooms; sweet treats; holiday music and other entertainment; and Santa Claus.
Show hours are 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Saturday and 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Sundays. The Charlotte Merchandise Mart is at 2500 E. Independence Blvd., Charlotte.
Admission is $8 for adults and $3 for youth 6 to 12. For more information, call (704) 376-6594 or visit www.southernshows.com on the Web.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Matthew Edward Abel, 30, of Brainerd, son of Pamela Haukos as the late Roger Abel, died Saturday, June 30, 2012, as the result of an accident. Funeral services will be held at 10:30 a.m., Friday, July 6, at the Nelson-Doran Funeral Home in Brainerd with the Rev. Ruth Meyer officiating. Visitation will begin one hour prior to the services. Burial will be at Immanuel Lutheran Cemetery in Clara City.
Nelson-Doran Funeral Home and Crematory, of Brainerd, is in charge of the arrangements. (www.nelson-doran.com)
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Location, ST | website.com


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Is there a way to connect two PCs running Windows 7 via a wifi ad-hoc network and then use Remote Desktop from one of the PCs to the other? In addition to this the Remote Desktop host PC should still be able to connect to the internet via a separate ethernet adapter, allowing the client to use the internet via the remote host screen.
I believe that the wired and wireless networks should stay separate, with different IP segments per each network.
You should then bridge the two adapters on the PC that has the Internet access.
This should enable the client PC to use the Internet connection of the other one.
This should absolutely be possible. Just set the ad-hoc network on a different IP range (for example, use


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Justice in the Hole: A New Way to Educate
I think about the gospel as being a new way of seeing the world. Jesus would empower people that usually did not have power in their normal day to day life.
It's been awhile since Woody, Buzz, Jessie, and the gang have been on the big screen, but they've lost none of their charm in the interim.


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FabSugar's October Must Haves
Boho + Chic + Cool = Fab's October Must Haves!
Photo 1 of 11
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Boho + Chic + Cool = Fab's October Must Haves!
It's the first of the month, time to reveal my latest obsessions! As you can see, my mind has wandered off to boho land with wide-leg jeans at the top of my must-have list. But wait, Fab can never abandon her chic side, so to cater to that, I'm all about eye-catching jewels and a sequined dress. Feeding cool into my wardrobe are a loose-fitting sweater, knit leggings, and a delectable suede duffel bag. Enter to get a closer look at all my latest loves.


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Police warn drivers to clear cars of snow, iceThe Associated Press | December 26,2013After several accidents in which chunks of ice have damaged other vehicles, Vermont State Police are reminding drivers to clear ice and snow off their cars before driving.
Some minor injuries have been reported after snow and ice have blown off moving cars and smashed into cars around them. In some cases, the ice or snow has crashed through windshields.
Police said these kinds of accidents usually involve large trucks where drivers cant reach the top. The recent spate of accidents involve passenger vehicles, too.MORE IN This Just In
Emergency crews Thursday found two hikers from Vermont who spent the night lost... Full Story
BENNINGTON — The annual Southern Vermont Garlic and Herb Festival, now in... Full StoryBRANDON The towns annual summer townwide yard sale, one of the biggest in the state, will take... Full Story
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Home > Shirts > Men's Work Shirts
Men's Work Shirts
Shop top quality Work Shirts from leading manufacturers such as Red Kap and Dickies at competitive prices. Work shirts for all occupations in a variety of colors, patterns, and styles. Work Shirts that are built tough yet designed for all day comfort. Red Kap sets the standard for quality on shirts for men and women and are the most popular in the industry today. the Dickies brand is popular in big box retail store, but our low prices beat them everytime.
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Emily has a daughter named Asia.
If Emily was ever to collaborate with her sister, Lavina, they would record a gospel album, rather than pop.
Emily was a forklift truck operator prior to appearing on Australian Idol.
Emily was the runner up in Australian Idol in 2005.
'The Young Divas' pulled out of a tour where they were to support the band, Westlife, in February 2007. Their manager claimed that as the group was so popular now, they did not need to be a support act.
In 2006 'The Young Divas' released their debut single, This Time I Know It's For Real.
Emily joined singers Paulini, Kate DeAraugo, and Ricki-Lee Coulter to form a pop band named 'The Young Divas'.
Emily: (on Australian Idol) I learnt a lot from Idol, but I think I learnt more from these girls [The Young Divas]. From Kate, it was the way to speak because I just used to close up in interviews.
Emily: (on her debut album being released in November 2006) It feels like a big achievement at this stage. The album was really recorded in between tour dates and, on the days we weren't performing, we'd run into the studio and get a few hours done.
Emily: (on why curves are fabulous) I've got curves because I'm a mum. I've got love handles on my hips. But I'm a normal mum. I've got a mum's body. I'm not perfect but it's a positive thing - it's nature.
Emily: (on surgery) My bum's very flat, so I try to hide it as much as I can. I wear pull-in knickers. I'd like a bit of surgery just to make my butt pert, like Beyonce's.
Emily: (asked if "The Young Divas" will be around in 10 years' time) I hope I'm the first pacific Islander to win international acclaim as a singer.
Emily: (on The Young Divas) Paulini is quiet and beautiful and she keeps the peace. If we were all boofheads, it wouldn't work.
User Score: 112
User Score: 2


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Elevated BP May Prematurely Age the Brain »
"Nov. 1, 2012 -- Having even mildly elevated blood pressure at midlife prematurely ages the brain, a new study shows.
Researchers say the early changes seen with higher blood pressure may set the stage for problems with thinking, memor"...
Read the Elevated BP May Prematurely Age the Brain article »
Limited data are available related to overdosage in humans.
Azilsartan medoxomil
Limited data are available related to overdosage in humans. During controlled clinical trials in healthy subjects, once daily doses up to 320 mg of azilsartan medoxomil were administered for 7 days and were well tolerated. In the event of an overdose, supportive therapy should be instituted as dictated by the patient's clinical status. Azilsartan is not dialyzable.
Symptoms of acute overdosage include nausea, weakness, dizziness, and disturbances of electrolyte balance. The oral LD50 of the drug in the mouse and the rat is more than 25,000 mg/kg body weight. The minimum lethal dose (MLD) in humans has not been established. There is no specific antidote, but gastric lavage is recommended, followed by supportive treatment. Where necessary, this may include intravenous dextrose-saline with potassium, administered with caution.
Edarbyclor is contraindicated in patients with anuria [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Do not coadminister aliskiren with Edarbyclor in patients with diabetes [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Last reviewed on RxList: 5/6/2015
Edarbyclor FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Edarbyclor Information
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Get tips on handling your hypertension.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 1, 2008
|Filing date
|Jun 29, 2006
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 2000
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Prakash Venkatanarayanan, Harold M. Sandstrom, Cesareo Contreras, Cynthia J. Burns, Matthew D. Waxman
|Original Assignee
|Emc Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (29), Classifications (14), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/810,988, entitled "System and Method for Managing Storage Networks and Providing Virtualization of Resources in Such a Network," filed on Mar. 26, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,206,863, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/608,521 filed Jun. 30, 2000.
I. Technical Field
The present invention generally relates to the field of managing virtualized logical units. More particularly, the invention relates to systems and methods for implementing vendor specific storage array commands to manage virtualized logical units.
II. Background Information
Computer systems are constantly improving in terms of speed, reliability, and processing capability. As is known in the art, computer systems which process and store large amounts of data typically include one or more processors in communication with a shared data storage system in which the data is stored. The data storage system may include one or more storage devices, usually of a fairly robust nature and useful for storage spanning various temporal requirements, e.g., disk drives. The one or more processors perform their respective operations using the storage system. Mass storage systems (MSS) typically include an array of a plurality of disks with on-board intelligent and communications electronics and software for making the data on the disks available.
To leverage the value of MSS, they are typically networked in some fashion. Popular implementations of networks for MSS include network attached storage (NAS) and storage area networks (SAN). In NAS, MSS is typically accessed over known TCP/IP lines such as Ethernet using industry standard file sharing protocols such as NFS, HTTP, and Windows Networking.
SANs are frequently used in enterprise storage. A typical Fibre Channel SAN includes a number of Fibre Channel switches that are connected together to form a fabric or a network. Furthermore, SANs typically use a protocol called "SCSI" (Small Computer System Interface) to communicate between devices. The current version of the standard, SCSI-3, has been implemented by some current software and hardware products. However, some products still support prior versions of the standard.
In the SCSI standard, communication takes place between an "initiator" and a "target." The initiator may be, for example, a host computer and the target may be, for example, a server storing data. The initiator sends a command to the target, such as, for example, a request for certain data. The target may be assigned at least one logical unit number (LUN) for the purpose of identifying the target. Further, in the SCSI standard, a "command" is the basic unit of communication. Commands are sent to a device in a "command descriptor block" (CDB). The CDB typically includes a one byte operation code followed by five or more bytes containing command-specific parameters. The last byte of the CDB is the "control block." There are four basic categories of SCSI commands: N (non-data), W (writing data from initiator to target), R (reading data), and B (bidirectional). In all, there are about sixty different commands included in the SCSI standard.
SANs may use storage virtualization. Storage virtualization refers to a process of combining multiple independent storage arrays so that the devices appear as a single device that can be centrally managed. For example, EMC INVISTA by EMC Corporation of Hopkinton, Mass., is a product that provides a storage virtualization solution that runs on intelligent SAN switches. Examples of storage arrays include the SYMMETRIX Integrated Cache Disk Array System and the CLARIION Disk Array System, both available from EMC Corporation of Hopkinton, Mass.
One may view each storage array included in a SAN as having its own personality. For example, storage arrays that are included in a SAN may be provided by different vendors. As a result, some storage arrays may implement vendor specific commands and other storage arrays might not implement all aspects of the SCSI standard. Thus, software management tools may be unable to define commands that are understood by all storage arrays in a SAN. In view of the foregoing, there is a need for improved systems and methods for managing storage networks using vendor specific commands. For example, there is a need for systems and methods that implement vendor specific commands in a flexible manner so that commands may be implemented regardless of whether the commands are supported by a storage array.
Consistent with an embodiment of the present invention, a system is provided for executing a vendor specific command in a storage area network including a plurality of data storage volumes and at least one host. The system includes an intelligent multi-protocol switch (IMPS) and a storage and switch controller coupled to the IMPS. The IMPS receives a command from the at least one host. The command includes a command byte field storing a vendor specific service action. The storage and switch controller receives the command from the IMPS. The storage and switch controller includes a processor that interprets the vendor specific service action and executes the command.
Consistent with another embodiment of the present invention, a computer-implemented method is provided for executing a vendor specific command in a storage area network including a plurality of data storage volumes and at least one host. The method includes receiving, at an intelligent multi-protocol switch (IMPS), a command from the at least one host. The command includes a command byte field storing a vendor specific service action. The method also includes transmitting the command to a storage and switch controller coupled to the IMPS. The storage and switch controller interprets the vendor specific service action and executes the command.
Consistent with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable medium is provided for executing a vendor specific command in a storage area network including a plurality of data storage volumes and at least one host according to a method. The method includes receiving, at an intelligent multi-protocol switch (IMPS), a command from the at least one host. The command includes a command byte field storing a vendor specific service action. The method also includes transmitting the command to a storage and switch controller coupled to the IMPS. A processor included in the storage and switch controller interprets the vendor specific service action and executes the command.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention or embodiments thereof, as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate various embodiments and aspects of the present invention. In the drawings:
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the following description to refer to the same or similar parts. While several exemplary embodiments and features of the invention are described herein, modifications, adaptations and other implementations are possible, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, substitutions, additions or modifications may be made to the components illustrated in the drawings, and the exemplary methods described herein may be modified by substituting, reordering, or adding steps to the disclosed methods. Accordingly, the following detailed description does not limit the invention. Instead, the proper scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
The methods and apparatus of the present invention are intended for use in Storage Area Networks (SANs) that include data storage systems, such as the SYMMETRIX Integrated Cache Disk Array system or the CLARIION Disk Array system available from EMC Corporation of Hopkinton, Mass. and those provided by vendors other than EMC.
The methods and apparatus of this invention may take the form, at least partially, of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, random access or read only-memory, or any other machine-readable storage medium, including transmission medium. When the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. The methods and apparatus of the present invention may be embodied in the form of program code that is transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via any other form of transmission. When implemented on a general-purpose processor, the program code combines with the processor to provide a unique apparatus that operates analogously to specific logic circuits. The program code (software-based logic) for carrying out the method is embodied as part of the system described below.
The embodiment of the present invention denominated as FabricX architecture allows storage administrators to manage the components of their SAN infrastructure without interrupting the services they provide to their clients. This provides for a centralization of management allowing the storage infrastructure to be managed without requiring host-based software or resources for this management. For example, data storage volumes can be restructured and moved across storage devices on the SAN while the hosts accessing these volumes continue to operate undisturbed.
The new architecture also allows for management of resources to be moved off of storage arrays themselves, allowing for more centralized management of heterogeneous data storage environments. Advantages provided include: (1) centralized management of a storage infrastructure; (2) storage consolidation and economical use of resources; (3) common replication and mobility solutions (e.g., migration) across heterogeneous storage subsystems; and (4) storage management that is non-disruptive to hosts and storage subsystems.
Referring now to
Generally such a data storage system includes a system memory and sets or pluralities and of multiple data storage devices or data stores. The system memory can comprise a buffer or cache memory; the storage devices in the pluralities and can comprise disk storage devices, optical storage devices and the like. However, in a preferred embodiment the storage devices are disk storage devices. The sets represent an array of storage devices in any of a variety of known configurations. In such a data storage system, a computer or host adapter provides communications between a host system and the system memory and disk adapters and provides pathways between the system memory and the storage device pluralities. Regarding terminology related to the preferred data storage system, the host or host network is sometimes referred to as the front end and from the disk adapters toward the disks is sometimes referred to as the back end. Since the invention includes the ability to virtualize disks using LUNs as described below, a virtual initiator may be interchanged with disk adapters. A bus interconnects the system memory, and communicates with front and back end. As will be described below, providing such a bus with switches provides discrete access to components of the system.
Referring again to
It is known in SAN networks using Fibre Channel and/or SCSI protocols that such data devices as those represented by disks or storage 30-40 can be mapped using a protocol to a Fibre Channel logical unit (LUN) that act as virtual disks that may be presented for access to one or more hosts, such as hosts 13-18 for I/O operations. LUN's are also sometimes referred to interchangeably with data volumes which at a logical level represent physical storage such as that on storage 30-40.
Over the referred IP Network 64 and by communicating through the management interface 43, a Storage Administrator using the EMS 29 may create virtual LUN's (Disks) that are composed of elements from the back-end storage. These virtual devices which may be represented, for example by a disk icon (not shown) grouped with the intelligent switch, are made available through targets created on a specific set of intelligent switch ports. Client host systems connect to these 'front-end' ports to access the created volumes. The client host systems, the front-end ports, and the virtual LUN's all form part of the Front-End SAN 20. Note Hosts, such as Host 13 may connect directly to the IMPS.
The combined processing and intelligence of the switch and the FabricX Controller provide the connection between the client hosts in the front-end SAN and the storage in the back-end SAN. The FabricX Controller runs storage applications that are presented to the client hosts. These include the Volume Management, Data Mobility, Snapshots, Clones, and Mirrors, which are terms of art known with EMC's CLARIION data storage system. In a preferred embodiment the FabricX Controller implementation is based on the CLARIION Barracuda storage processor and the CLARIION Flare software implementation which includes layered drivers that are discussed below.
Hardware Components
Referring to
The CPP provides support for storage and switch software applications and runs the software that handles exceptions that occur on the fast-path. Regarding where software runs, in the exemplary embodiment, software for management by the Storage and Switch Controller is shown running on the CPP; however, that is merely an example and any or all software may be loaded and run from the IMPS or anywhere in the networked environment. Additionally the CPP supports management interfaces used to configure and control the instance. The CPP is composed of redundant storage processors and is further described with reference to
The DAE, together with the disks that it contains provide the persistent storage of the mets-data for the FabricX instance. The meta data includes configuration information that identifies the components of the instance, for example, the identities of the intelligent switches that make up the instance, data describing the set of exported virtual volumes, the software for the Controller, information describing what hosts and initiators are allowed to see what volumes, etc. The DAE is further described with reference to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
An IMPS can be used to support virtual SAN's (VSAN's), to parse between front-end SAN's and back-end SAN's even if such SAN's are not physically configured. In general, switches that support VSANs allow a shared storage area network to be configured into separate logical SANs providing isolation between the components of different VSANs. The IMPS itself may be configured in accordance with specifications from such known switch vendors as Brocade and Cisco.
Each intelligent switch preferably contains a collection of SCSI ports, such as Fibre Channel, with translation processing functions that allow a port or associate hardware to make various transformations on the SCSI command stream flowing through that port. These transformations are performed at wire-speeds and hence have little impact on the latency of the command. However, intelligent ports are only able to make translations on read and write commands. For other SCSI commands, the port blocks the request and passes control for the request to a higher-level control function. This process is referred to as faulting the request. Faulting also occurs for read and write commands when certain conditions exist within the port. For example, a common transformation performed by an intelligent port is to map the data region of a virtual volume presented to a host to the data regions of back-end storage elements. To support this, the port maintains data that allows it to translate (map) logical block addresses of the virtual volume to logical back-end addresses on the back-end devices. If this data is not present in the port when a read or write is received, the port will fault the request to the control function. This is referred to as a map fault.
Once the control function receives a faulted request it takes whatever actions necessary to respond to the request (for example it might load missing map data), then either responds directly to the request or resumes it. The control function supported may be implemented differently on different switches. On some vendor's switches the control function is known to be supported by a processor embedded within the blade containing the intelligent ports, on others it is known to provide it as an adjunct processor which is accessed via the backplane of the switch, a third known configuration is to support the control function as a completely independent hardware component that is accessed through a network such as Fibre Channel or IP.
Back-end storage devices connect to FabncX via the Fibre Channel ports of the IMPSs that have been identified as back-end ports (oriented in
The EMS 29 connects to FabricX in a preferred embodiment through an IP network, e.g. an Ethernet network which may be accessed redundantly. The FabricX CPP 58 in a preferred embodiment has two 10/100 Mbps Ethernet NIC that is used both for connectivity to the IMPS (so that it can manage the IMPS and receive SNMP traps), and for connectivity to the EMS. It is recommended that the IP networks 624 a-b provided isolation and dedicated 100 Mbps bandwidth to the IMPS and CPP.
The EMS in a preferred embodiment is configured with IP addresses for each Processor 72-74 in the FabricX CPP. This allows direct connection to each processor. Each Processor preferably has its own Fibre Channel link that provides the physical path to each IMPS in the FabricX instance. Other connections may also work, such as the use of Gigabit Ethernet control path connections between the CPP and IMPS. A logical control path is established between each Processor of the CPP and each IMPS. The control paths to IMPS's are multiplexed over the physical link that connects the respective SP of the CPP to its corresponding IMPS. The IMPS provides the internal routing necessary to send and deliver Fiber Channel frames between the SP of the CPP and the respective IMPS. Other embodiments are conceivable that could use IP connectivity for the control path. In such a case the IMPS could contain logic to route IP packets to the SP.
Software Components
Reference is made to
The CPP-based software includes a mixture of User-Level Services 122 and Kernel-mode or Kernel services 128. The Kernel services include Layered Drivers 123, Common Services 125, Switch Independent Layer (SIL) 126, and Switch Abstraction Layer-Control Path Processor (SAL-CPP) 127. The IMPS-based software preferably runs on a control processor within the vendor's switch. This processor may be embedded on an I/O blade within the switch or implemented as a separate hardware module.
The SAL-CPP 127 provides a vendor-independent interface to the services provided by the IMPS's that form a FabricX instance. This software layer creates and manages a IMPS Client for each IMPS that is part of the FabricX instance. The following services are provided by the SAL-CPP. There is a Switch Configuration and Management Services (SWITCH CONFIG & MGMT) in the SAL-CPP that provides uniform support for configuring the IMPS, zone configuration and management, name service configuration and management, discovering the ports supported by the IMPS, reporting management related events such as Registered State Change Notifications (RSCNs), and component failure notifications. The service interfaces combined with the interfaces provided by the user-level Switch Management service encapsulate the differences between different switch vendors and provide a single uniform interface to the FabricX management system. The Switch Adapter Port Driver (SAPD) of the Kernel Services 128 uses these interfaces to learn what ports are supported by the instance so that it can create the appropriate device objects representing these ports.
Referring to
Referring again to
SAL-CPP 127 provides a volume management (Volume MGMT) service interface that supports creating and destroying virtual volumes, associating virtual volumes with back-end Storage Elements, and composing virtual volumes for the purpose of aggregation, striping, mirroring, arid/or slicing. The volume management service interface also can be used for loading all or part of the translation map for a volume to a virtualizer, quiescing and resuming 10 to a virtual volume, creating and destroying permission maps for a volume, and handling map cache miss faults, permission map faults, and other back-end errors. These services are used by the volume graph manager (VGM) in each SP to maintain the mapping from the virtual targets presented out the logical front of the instance to the Storage Elements on the back-end.
There are other SAL-CPP modules. The SAL copy service (COPY SVCS) functions provide the ability to copy blocks of data from one virtual volume to another. The Event Dispatcher is responsible for delivering events produced from the IMPS to the registered kernel-based services such as Path Management, VGM, Switch Manager, etc.
The Switch and Configuration Management Interface is responsible for managing the connection to an IMPS. Each Storage Processor maintains one IMPS client for each IMPS that is part of the instance. These clients are created when the Switch Manager process directs the SAL-CPP to create a session with a IMPS.
The Switch Independent Layer (S IL) 126 is a collection of higher-level switch-oriented services. These services are implemented using the lower-level services provided by the SAL-CPP. These services include:
Volume Graph Manager (VGM)—The volume graph manager is responsible for processing map-miss faults, permission map faults, and back-end 10 errors that it receives from the SAL-CPP. The VGM maintains volume graphs that provide the complete mapping of the data areas of front-end virtual volumes to the data areas of back-end volumes. The Volume Graph Manager provides its service via a kernel DLL running within the SP.
Data Copy Session Manager—The Data Copy Session Manager provides high-level copy services to its clients. Using this service, clients can create sessions to control the copying of data from one virtual volume to another. The service allows its clients to control the amount of data copied in a transaction, the amount of time between transactions, sessions can be suspended, resumed, and aborted. This service builds on top of capabilities provided by the SAL-CPP's Data Copy Services. The Data Copy Session Manager provides its service as a kernel level DLL running within the SP.
Path Management—The path management component of the SIL is a kernel-level DLL that works in conjunction with the Path Manager. Its primary responsibility is to provide the Path Manager with access to the path management capabilities of the SAL-CPP. It registers for path change events with the SAL-CPP and delivers these events to the Path Manager running in user-mode. Note, in some embodiments, the Path Management, or any of the other services may be configured to operate elsewhere, such as being part of another driver, such as FlareX.
Switch Management—The switch management component of the SIL is a kernel-level DLL that works in conjunction with the Switch Manager. Its primary responsibility is to provide the Switch Manager with access to the switch management capabilities of the SAL-CPP.
The CPP also hosts a collection of Common Services 125 that are used by the layered application drivers. These services include:
Persistent Storage Mechanism (PSM)—This service provides a reliable persistent data storage abstraction. It is used by the layered applications for storing their meta-data. The PSM uses storage volumes provided by FlareX that are located on the Disk Array Enclosure attached to the CPP. This storage is accessible to both SPs, and provides the persistency required to perform recovery actions for failures that occur. Flare provides data-protection to these volumes using three-way mirroring. These volumes are private to a FabricX instance and are not visible to external hosts.
Distributed Lock Service (DLS)—This service provides a distributed lock abstraction to clients running on the SPs. The service allows clients running on either SP to acquire and release shared locks and ensures that at most one client has ownership of a given lock at a time. Clients use this abstraction to ensure exclusive access to shared resources such as meta-data regions managed by the PSM. Message Passing Service (MPS)—This service provides two-way communication sessions, called filaments, to clients running on the SPs. The service is built on top of the CMI service and adds dynamic session creation to the capabilities provided by CMI. MPS provides communication support to kernel-mode drivers as well as user-level applications.
Communication Manager Interface (CMI)—CMI provides a simple two-way message passing transport to its clients. CMI manages multiple communication paths between the SPs and masks communication failures on these. The CMI transport is built on top of the SCSI protocol which runs over 2 Gbps Fibre-Channel links that connect the SPs via the mid-plane of the storage processor enclosure. CMI clients receive a reliable and fast message passing abstraction. CMI also supports communication between SPs within different instances of FabricX. This capability will be used to support mirroring data between instances of FabricX.
The CPP includes Admin Libraries that provide the management software of FabricX with access to the functionality provided by the layered drivers such as the ability to create a mirrored volume or a snapshot. The Admin Libraries, one per managed layer, provide an interface running in user space to communicate with the managed layers. The CPP further includes Layered Drivers 123 providing functionality as described below for drivers denominated as Flare, FlareX (FLARE_X), Fusion, Clone/Mirror, PIT Copy, TDD, TCD, and SAPD.
Flare provides the low-level disk management support for FabricX. It is responsible for managing the local Disk Array Enclosure used for storing the data of the PSM, the operating system and FabricX software, and initial system configuration images, packages, and the like. It provides the RAID algorithms to store this data redundantly.
The FlareX component is responsible for discovering and managing the back-end storage that is consumed by the FabricX instance. It identifies what storage is available, the different paths to these Storage Elements, presents the Storage Elements to the management system and allows the system administrator to identify which Storage Elements belong to the instance. Additionally, FlareX may provide Path Management support to the system, rather than that service being provided by the SIL as shown. In such a case, FlareX would be responsible for establishing and managing the set of paths to the back-end devices consumed by a FabricX instance. And in such a care it would receive path related events from the Back-End Services of the SAL-CPP and responds to these events by, for example, activating new paths, reporting errors, or updating the state of a path.
The Fusion layered driver provides support for re-striping data across volumes and uses the capabilities of the IMPS have to implement striped and concatenated volumes. For striping, the Fusion layer (also known as the Aggregate layer), allows the storage administrator to identify a collection of volumes (identified by LUN) over which data for a new volume is striped. The number of volumes identified by the administrator determines the number of columns in the stripe set. Fusion then creates a new virtual volume that encapsulates the lower layer stripe set and presents a single volume to the layers above.
Fusion's support for volume concatenation works in a similar way; the administrator identifies a collection of volumes to concatenate together to form a larger volume. The new larger volume aggregates these lower layer volumes together and presents a single volume to the layers above. The Fusion layer supports the creation of many such striped and concatenated volumes.
Because of its unique location in the SAN infrastructure, FabricX, can implement a truly non-disruptive migration of the dataset by using the Data Mobility layer driver that is part of the Drivers 123. The client host can continue to access the virtual volume through its defined address, while FabricX moves the data and updates the volume mapping to point to the new location.
The Clone driver provides the ability to clone volumes by synchronizing the data in a source volume with one or more clone volumes. Once the data is consistent between the source and a clone, the clone is kept up-to-date with the changes made to the source by using mirroring capabilities provided by the IMPS's. Clone volumes are owned by the same FabricX instance as the source; their storage comes from the back-end Storage Elements that support the instance.
The Mirror driver supports a similar function to the clone driver however, mirrors are replicated between instances of FabricX. The mirror layered driver works in conjunction with the mirror driver in another instance of FabricX. This application provides the ability to replicate a source volume on a remote FabricX instance and keep the mirror volume in synch with the source.
The PIT (Point-In-Time) Copy driver, also known as Snap, provides the ability to create a snapshot of a volume. The snapshot logically preserves the contents of the source volume at the time the snapshot is taken. Snapshots are useful for supporting non-intrusive data backups, replicas for testing, checkpoints of a volume, and other similar uses.
The Target Class Driver and Target Disk Driver (TCD/TDD) layer provides SCSI Target support. In FabricX these drivers mostly handle non-read and write SCSI commands (such as INQUIRY, REPORT_LUNS, etc). The drivers are also responsible for error handling, when errors cannot be masked by the driver layers below, the TCD/TDD is responsible for creating the SCSI error response to send back to the host. The TCD/TDD Layer also implements support for the preferred CLARIION functionality which provides the means of identifying what LUNs each initiator should see. This is known as LUN masking. The feature also provides for LUN mapping whereby the host visible LUN is translated to an instance-based LUN. Additionally such functionality when combined with a host agent provides the ability to identify which initiators belong to a host to simplify the provisioning of LUN masking and mapping.
The Switch Adapter Port Driver (SAPD) is presented as a Fibre-Channel Port Driver to the TCD/TDD (Target Class Driver/Target Disk Driver) drivers, but rather than interfacing with a physical port device on the SP, the driver interfaces with the SAL-CPP and creates a device object for each front-end port of each IMPS that is part of the FabricX instance. The SAPD registers with the SAL-CPP to receive non-IO SCSI commands that arrive. The SAL-CPP will deliver all non-JO SCSI commands received for LUs owned by this driver's SP to this SAPD. The SAPD runs as a kernel-mode driver.
The following services are user based: Governor and Switch Management. The Governor is an NT Service that is responsible for starting other user-level processes and monitoring their health and restarting them upon failure. The Switch Manager controls sessions created in the SAL-CPP for each IMPS. The Switch Manager is responsible for establishing the connections to the switches under its control and for monitoring and reacting to changes in their health. Each SP hosts a single Switch Manager that runs as a User-level process and a Kernel-mode service within the SP.
Reference is made once again to
The Path Management is responsible for the construction and management of paths to back-end Storage Elements and is part of Kernel-mode services. It notes when paths change state; based on these state changes it applies its path management policies to take any adjusting actions. For example, upon receiving a path failure notification, the Path Management might activate a new path to continue the level of service provided for a back-end volume.
One function of FabricX Volume Management is to combine elements of the physical storage assets of the FabricX Instance into logical devices. The initial implementation of the FabricX Volume Manager is based on the Flare Fusion Driver. As in Flare, the basic building blocks of the volumes exported by FabricX are constructed from the back-end storage devices. Each device visible to the FabricX instance will be initially represented as an un-imported Storage Element. The storage administrator will able to bind the individual storage elements into single disk RAID Groups. From these RAID Groups the administrator can define Flare Logical Units (FLU). In the FabricX environment the FLUs will be exported by the FlareX component to the layered drivers above.
Flare Fusion imports FLUs and aggregates them into Aggregate Logical Units (ALU). When a logical unit or SCSI Disk is presented to a client host it is called a Host Logical Unit (HLU). HLUs can be created by: directly exporting a FLU; exporting an ALU created by concatenating two or more FLUs; and exporting an ALU created by striping two or more FLUs.
The FabricX Inter Process Communication Transport (FiT) provides the message passing support necessary for the SAL Agents running on the IMPS's to communicate with the SAL-CPP client instance running on each SP. This transport provides a model of asynchronous communication to its clients and is responsible for monitoring and reporting on the health of the communications network connecting the IMPSs to the CPPs. FIT uses a proprietary protocol developed on top of the SCSIIFC protocol stack to provide a control path between the SPs and the IMPS's. This protocol runs over the Fibre Channel connecting the SP to the IMPS's switch. FIT supports multiple transport protocols. In addition to SCSJIFC FIT also supports TCP/IP.
FabricX preferably uses the Flare architecture from CLARIION. This architecture uses a Windows driver stack. At the lowest layer is the code, labeled FlareX (F?are_X) that interfaces to the back-end devices. The storage applications are logically layered above FlareX as Windows device drivers, including Fusion, Mirror_View, Snap_View, Clone_View, and TCD/TDD. These layers provide support for features such as volume concatenation, striping, clones, snapshots, mirrors, and data migration. These layers also define virtualized Logical Unit objects.
This architecture includes replication layers: Snap_View, Clone_View, and Mirror_View are layered above the Fusion layer of code and consume the logical units (volumes) presented by the Fusion layer, they likewise present logical units to the layers above. The replication layers have no knowledge of back-end devices or data placement thereon.
The inventors have critically recognized that prior art storage arrays had limited processes to create clones, which are replicas stored within an array, and mirrors, which are replicas stored on different arrays. This is because the front end of an array has no way to directly access to a back end device in some other array. Remote mirroring in such prior art configurations is processed through two different arrays, one attached to a host and one attached to remote back end devices. These two arrays are then connected to each other via a WAN. However, the present invention being based on a switch and storage architecture does not have such limitations. Instead, all back end devices are equivalent irregardless of their physical location though latency of access may vary. A back end device may be connected to a back-end port of a switch through some WAN making it physically remote. With a switch-based architecture clones, which are replicas stored within the storage managed by the instance, can be created from storage that is physically remote from the Controller and switch hardware just as easily as creating it from storage which is physically close to this hardware. Only one FabricX instance is necessary, to create clones whether on physically local back-end devices or on physically remote back-end devices. However, if it is desirable to create replicas, mirrors, between instances of FabricX that is possible. For example, one might want to create a replica on another instance for the purpose of increasing data protection and providing a means to tolerate a failure of a FabricX instance, or to replicate data using an asynchronous protocol for very long distance replication.
Further Operation Details
Several components of FabricX System Management reside on Host computers (those using the storage services of FabricX and/or those managing FabricX), these are referred to as Client Components and are shown in group 18. One component in particular, Raid++, has both a client and server instance, shown respectively in host/client group 18 or server group 210. The C++ Command Line Interface CLI 200—referred to here as CLI++) component resides on any system where the user wishes to manage FabricX using a text based command line interface. This component in conjunction with the Java based CLI provide the user with control over FabricX. The security model for the CLI++ is host based; the user/IP address of the host is entered into the FabricX registry to permit/limit the user's access to system management. The CLI++ uses a client instance of Raid++ to hold the model of the FabricX instance and to manipulate the configuration of FabricX. The client resident Raid++ communicates with the server based Raid++ using a messaging scheme over TCP/IP.
The Java CLI 206 provides commands that use a different management scheme from that used by the CLI++. The Java CLI captures the user command string, packages it into an XML/HTTP message and forwards it to the CIMOM on the server group 210. The CIMOM directs the command to the CLI Provider which decomposes the command and calls methods in the various CIM providers, primarily the CLARIION provider, to effect the change.
The Java GUI 208 provides a windows based management interface. It communicates with CIMOM using standard CIM XML/HTTP protocol. The GUI effects its changes and listens for events using standard CIM XML/HTTP. The Host Agent 204 provides optional functionality by pushing down to FabricX information about the host The following information is forwarded by the Agent explicitly to the CPP; Initiator type, Initiator options, Host device name used for push, Hostname, Host IP address, Driver name, Host Bus Adapter (HBA) model, HBA vendor string, and Host ID.
The Event Monitor 202 resides on a host and can be configured to send email, page, SNMP traps, and/or use a preferred EMC Call Home feature for service and support. The configuration is performed on the CPP and the configuration information is pushed back to the Event Monitor. The Event Monitor may also run directly on the CPP but due to memory constraints may be limited in function in comparison to running on a host Computer.
Referring again to
The management functions not provided by Raid++ are provided by a series of CIMOM providers which are attached to a CIMOM. The CIMOM provides common infrastructure services such as XML coding/decoding and HTTP message transport. The hosted services exclusively implemented in CIMOM providers are:
Analyzer Provider—Provides statistics about performance of traffic on ports on the switch;
CLI Provider—This provider implements services to allow CLI clients to access CIM managed services such as Clone, Analyzer, Fusion, and switch management;
Clone Provider—Provides services to manage the configuration and operation of clones;
Data Mobility Provider—Provides services to manage the configuration and operation of data migration between storage volumes transparently to the host applications using the storage;
Fusion Provider—Provides services to configure and manage the combining of LUNs to create new LUNs of larger capacity;
Mirror Provider—Provides services to manage the configuration and operation of mirrors; and
Switch Management Provider—Provides services to configure and manage the attached intelligent switch components owned by FabricX.
The above-described providers periodically poll the system infrastructure to build a model of the existing component configuration and status. If any changes are detected in configuration or status between the existing model and the newly built model, registered observers are notified of the changes. The model is then updated with the new model and saved for queries by the provider. The services of these providers can be accessed from other providers by formulating XML requests and sending them to the CIMOM. This permits providers which require the services of other providers (such as Raid++ through the CLARIION Provider or the CIM local services such as persistent storage, directory services, or security) to access those services. Additionally Admin STL Driver Access through the server side provides access to these providers to the drivers and services of an SP as shown in group 218, including to the following drivers: Flare, Clones, Snaps, Fusion, and mirrors and services for switch management and data mobility.
Other Service Providers are shown in group 212 of the server group 210, and include the Persistent Data Service Provider, Security Provider, and Directory Service Provider. The Persistent Data Service Provider provides the CIMOM with access to the kernel-based PSM. The CIMOM uses the PSM to store meta-data relevant to the management system for example user names and passwords. The Security Provider supports authentication of users and authorization of user roles. The Directory Service Provider is used to obtain the network addresses of the systems in a domain of managed FabricX instances.
Reference will be made below to
This problem is addressed with the architecture of the present invention by using memory. with the FabricX Storage Processor 26 or 28 to supplement the memory resources of the IMPS's translation unit and more efficiently use memory of each. The translation unit's memory resources are used to store a subset of the full set of extent maps for the volumes exported by the translation unit. Maps are loaded to the translation unit from the CPP both on demand and ahead of demand in a technique denoted as being a virtualizer application which is preferably software running in a SP or on the IMPS. In this embodiment, sequential access is detected and future requests are predicted using protection maps to mark the edges of unmapped regions. Access to a marked region in combination with the detection of sequential access triggers the preloading of additional maps prior to the arrival of the actual request.
I/O requests that arrive to find no mapped region are handled by loading the map from the control-processor. The control processor uses access data collected from the intelligent multi-protocol switch to determine which data to replace. Supported cache replacement algorithms include least-recently used, least frequently used. The IMPS hardware is used to detect need for extents prior to access and statistical data is collected on volume access to select which cache entries to replace. The mechanism further identifies volumes whose extent maps have become fragmented and triggers a process to reduce this fragmentation.
Referring to
Referring to
An example of solving the problem described in general is shown with reference to
Referring to
In this embodiment the storage application (
Referring to
Regarding nomenclature used for presenting an example of how this embodiment functions, in the volume group 412, V7 represents a "top level" volume, or one that is capable of being presented to a host. V6 represents a cloning volume. This volume has two children, V3 and V5, where V3 is the source for the clone and V5 is its replica. Similarly V1 and V2 are children of V3 while V4 is a child of VS. It is the children at the bottommost layer that are presented by the bottom most driver in this example (FlareX) to map the storage extents of the backend array that are of interest.
Referring now to
Information extracted from the IMPS through its API includes the type of I/O operation (e.g., read or write), a logical volume target or in this context a virtual target (VT), a virtual LUN (v-LUN), physical target, a physical LUN, block address of a physical device, length of request, and error condition. The error condition is received and that identifies the bottommost affected volume and delivered to the bottommost affected object.
Objects in the Volume Graph have one-to-one congruity with objects in the Device Graph, as follows. At the top layer (V7) the Volume Graph Object G represents a slice volume. A slice volume represents a "slice" or partition of its child volume. It has only one child volume and presents a (possibly complete) contiguous subset of the data of this child volume. The next layer down (V6) is congruently mapped to element F represents the mirrored volume. V3 represents an aggregated volume consisting of the concatenation of volumes V1 and V2. Volume V5 is a slice volume that presents the data of V4. Slice Volume Objects A, B, and D, are congruent with Device Graph Objects V1, V2, and V4, respectively.
Upon receiving an error, the Bottommost Volume Graph Object will deliver the error to its corresponding Device Graph Object. The Device Graph Object as the owner of the error can decide how to handle, e.g. propagate the error up the layer stack, or deal with it directly and not propagate it. Two goals are carried out in the error presentation: consistent presentation to the host, and masking of errors which involves using independent capabilities of the FabricX architecture to solve problems for the host at the unique middle-layer level of a FabricX instance.
Reference is made below to
In handling the error in this example, there are two cases for handling in keeping with the goals discussed above: (a) Case 1—error is not delivered back to host but rather handled by a Device Object at the FabricX instance level; or (b) Case 2—error is transformed to have the error personality of FabricX. Each method of handling is explained in the example, continued with the flow-diagrams of
Referring to
Referring to
Implementing Vendor Specific Commands
Systems and methods consistent with the present invention implement vendor specific commands in storage area networks that include a plurality of data storage volumes and at least one host. In one embodiment, a system may include an intelligent multi-protocol switch (IMPS) and a storage and switch controller that is coupled to the IMPS. The IMPS may receive a command from the at least one host. The command may include a command byte field that stores a vendor specific service action. The storage and switch controller may receive the command from the IMPS. A processor included in the storage and switch controller may interpret the vendor specific service action and execute the command.
The following detailed discussion describes an example involving the modification of a service action (the "register" service action) implemented by a SCSI command (the "persistent reserve out" command) so that it implements a "register if key exists" service action. The "register if key exists" service action is not supported by any version of the SCSI standard. By implementing the "register if key exists" service action according to implementations of the present invention, the command set for the SCSI standard is extended to provide further functionality. Furthermore, the manner in which the in command is implemented is consistent with the SCSI standard and does not use reserved fields of the command descriptor block (CDB), which is discussed in detail below. Accordingly, implementations of the present invention provide universal functionality for the "register if key exists" service action for any path management software.
The SCSI command persistent reserve out (PRO) is used to manage persistent reservations for a data storage array. Furthermore, the "register if key exists" service action may be implemented in order to prevent what is termed the "spilt brain" problem among hosts accessing a data storage array. A split brain condition may occur when a single disk cluster has a failure that results in reconfiguration of the disk cluster into multiple partitions. Split brain can cause corruption when hosts become uncoordinated in their access to data files stored in the disk. In order to avoid such a problem, the "register if key exists" command prevents a host from accessing a disk unless its key is already registered to access that disk.
In particular, the "operation code" field of
Referring again to
Furthermore, the PRO command includes a "scope" field and a "type" field that specifies the type of reservation held by the initiator. For example, the initiator may hold a reservation having exclusive read and write access. Several "reserved" fields follow in bytes 3 through 6 and precede a "parameter list length" field. The "parameter list length" field indicates the length of the persistent reserve out parameter list. The "parameter list" is described in more detail in connection with
As illustrated in
In the examples being discussed herein, the service action is set to the SCSI-3 standard "register and ignore existing key" service action, which is assigned a value of 0x06. According to embodiments of the present invention, when the vendor specific field is set to "0 0," the SCSI-3 standard service action is unchanged. Setting the vendor specific field to "0 1" modifies the service action to become a "register/deregister path group" vendor specific service action. Setting the vendor specific field to "1 0" modifies the service action to become the "register if key exists" vendor specific service action. The following example, in particular, concerns the "register if key exists" vendor specific action.
Referring now to
The following discussion will make reference to several of the figures discussed earlier. As discussed above,
For example, host 13 may wish to establish a new path to data storage array 30. A new path may be established for data balancing purposes, for example. In order to establish the new path, host 13 may generate a command specifying PRO. As discussed earlier, commands are sent to a device in a command descriptor block (CDB) that includes a one byte operation code followed by five or more bytes containing command-specific parameters. The command may be generated by path management software executing on host 13, for example. The path management software may be, for example, POWERPATH by EMC Corporation of Hopkinton, Mass. POWERPATH may reside on host 13 and may, among other things, detect load imbalances and select alternate paths through which to route data.
The command may be preceded by a header that identifies the LUN of the data storage array to which host 13 wishes to activate a new path. In addition, the command may include a service action, such as the "register if key exists" service action, which was discussed above in relation to
The command is transmitted from host 13 to FabricX Instance 27. In particular, the command is received by IMPS 22 of FabricX Instance 27. If the command is a read or write command, it is handled by IMPS 22. However, since the command in the present example is not a read or write command (i.e., it is a "register" command), IMPS 22 routes the command to storage and switch controller 26.
As discussed earlier,
Referring again to
Referring again to
For example, since host 13 is a front end host, front end services of SAL-CPP 127 may recognize the incoming command in the present example and, using event dispatcher, transmit the command to the SAPD driver of layer drivers 123. SAPD may verify credentials and access rights of host 13, and then pass the command to the TCD driver. However, since the TCD driver does not handle the command given in the present example, the TCD driver will pass the command to the TDD driver. The TDD driver implements code to execute the command. Furthermore, when the TDD driver executes the command, the TDD driver will examine the vendor specific area of the command byte.
In particular, the programming logic executed by CPP 58 is programmed to recognize that the key contained in the data payload should be registered with the LUN identified in the header only if the key for the host already has been registered for the identified LUN. Since the "register if key exists" service action is a modification of "register and ignore key," CPP 58 will interpret the vendor specific bits. As discussed earlier, the command is followed by a data payload, which may include the key. A table of keys and initiators may be stored, for example, in a registration table that is stored by the TDD driver of CPP 58. Accordingly, in the example of the "register if key exists" service action, if a reservation key of host 13 is stored in the reservation table, a new path from host 13 to a designated logical unit number (LUN) is registered. However, if a reservation key of host 13 is not stored in the reservation table, a new path from host 13 to the designated LUN is not registered.
At the start of the process, a host, such as host 13, transmits a command requesting a new path to a LUN, such as one of data storage arrays 30-40. (Step 2910). The command is received by an IMPS, such as IMPS 22 of Fabric_X Instance 27. Since the command is not a read or write command, IMPS 22 transmits the command to storage and switch controller 26. (Step 2920).
Next, a processor, such as SP 72 or SP 78, which is included in CPP 58 of storage and switch controller 26, executes one of kernel services 128, such SAL-CPP 127 to interpret the command. (Step 2930). For example, front end services of SAL-CPP 127 may recognize the incoming command in the present example and, using event dispatcher, may transmit the command to the SAPD driver of layer drivers 123.
Next, in step 2940, the SAPD driver may verify credentials and access rights of host 13, and then pass the command to the TCD driver. However, since the TCD driver does not handle the command discussed in the present example, the TCD driver will pass the command to the TDD driver, which is the driver that will execute the command.
Next, in step 2950, the TDD driver executes the command. For example, in the "register if key exists" service action example, the TDD driver will look into the vendor specific field of the command byte. As discussed above, the vendor specific field is set to "10" when the "register if key exists" service action is being implemented. For example, if the "register if key exists" service action is being implemented, TDD driver will verify whether the registration key of host 13 is stored in a reservation table stored by TDD driver. Accordingly, an appropriate action is taken, such as registering a new path from the initiator to the LUN if the registration key is stored in the reservation table. If the reservation key is not stored in the reservation table, then host 13 is denied access to the LUN. The process then ends.
While the above discussion concerns a vendor specific service action that is used to registers a new path to a LUN, other embodiments of the present invention may handle and interpret other vendor specific commands as well. For example, a group register and a group deregister command may be implemented in a similar fashion. The group register and group deregister commands are a variation of SCSI reservations that are useful in situations where host application software uses SCSI-2 reservations and path management software to manage multiple paths. In particular, the group register and group deregister commands may enable path management software to use SCSI-2 equivalent reservations for registering and deregistering more than one path.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration. It is not exhaustive and does not limit the invention to the precise forms or embodiments disclosed. Modifications and adaptations of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosed embodiments of the invention. For example, the described implementations include software, but systems and methods consistent with the present invention may be implemented as a combination of hardware and software or in hardware alone. Examples of hardware include computing or processing systems, including personal computers, servers, laptops, mainframes, micro-processors and the like. Additionally, although aspects of the invention are described for being stored in memory, one skilled in the art will appreciate that these aspects can also be stored on other types of computer-readable media, such as secondary storage devices, for example, hard disks, floppy disks, or CD-ROM, the Internet or other propagation medium, or other forms of RAM or ROM.
Computer programs based on the written description and methods of this invention are within the skill of an experienced developer. The various programs or program modules can be created using any of the techniques known to one skilled in the art or can be designed in connection with existing software. For example, program sections or program modules can be designed in or by means of Java, C++, HTML, XML, or HTML with included Java applets. One or more of such software sections or modules can be integrated into a computer system or existing e-mail or browser software.
Moreover, while illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described herein, the scope of the invention includes any and all embodiments having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of aspects across various embodiments), adaptations and/or alterations as would be appreciated by those in the art based on the present disclosure. The limitations in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. Further, the steps of the disclosed methods may be modified in any manner, including by reordering steps and/or inserting or deleting steps, without departing from the principles of the invention. It is intended, therefore, that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims and their full scope of equivalents.
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Owner name: EMC CORPORATION, MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VENKATANARAYANAN, PRAKASH;SANDSTROM, HAROLD M.;CONTRERAS, CESAREO;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018062/0012;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060622 TO 20060627
|Aug 19, 2008
|Certificate of correction
|Jul 1, 2011
|Fee payment
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|Jul 1, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Siri for iOS devices has made everyday tasks easier; whether it is getting directions to the nearest gas station or staying in contact with growing social media networks. iOS users can just call out a contact's name and the device will populate with a telephone number and email address. However, convenience comes with a price: personal information. What…Read More
Following the seemingly quiet state of point-of-sale (PoS) malware these past few months, we are now faced with two new PoS malware named Katrina and CenterPoS now available to cybercriminals. In our 2Q Security Roundup released in August, we reported new PoS malware discoveries, namely FighterPoS in April, MalumPoS in June, and GamaPoS a month…Read More
We have been able to identify a new point-of-sale (PoS) malware family that has affected more than 100 victim organizations in Brazil. We have dubbed this new malware family as "FighterPOS". This name is derived from BRFighter, the tool used by the author to create this new threat. This one-man operation has been able to steal…Read More
The Andromeda botnet is still active in the wild and not yet dead. In fact, it's about to undergo a major update real soon. This botnet was first reported back in 2011 but has recently risen to prominence due to the latest modifications in the threat. Initially, this project to update Andromeda was about to…Read More
After Liberty Reserve's shutdown, small or big–time cybercriminals had to scurry for an alternative currency. Some cybercriminals exclusively used Liberty Reserve (LR) as an e-currency to fuel their businesses, but its sudden shutdown took the underground scene by surprise. While many of them had a hard time believing this was indeed happening, others thought that…Read More


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ESPN's Adam Schefter reports that DeMarco Murray (foot, questionable) is expected to be used in a limited role on Sunday night against the Eagles.
The Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel's Pete Dougherty estimates Eddie Lacy reported to camp "around the 240-pound mark."
The Miami Herald's Barry Jackson considers Arian Foster "the favorite" to start over Jay Ajayi as long as Foster is "completely healthy."
The San Francisco Chronicle's Eric Branch believes Carlos Hyde could be in line for a "monster season" as long as he's able to stay healthy.
Seahawks agreed to terms with coach Pete Carroll on an extension through 2019.
The Sacramento Bee reports Colin Kaepernick (shoulder surgery) has been cleared for training camp.
Free agent Andre Johnson worked out for the Titans on Tuesday.
ESPN's Ed Werder reports Jordy Nelson's left knee issue is tendinitis, and "not (currently) viewed as serious."
Browns placed WR Josh Gordon (quad) on the active/NFI list.
Chiefs coach Andy Reid confirms OLB Justin Houston (knee, PUP) will likely miss all of training camp.
Bengals placed TE Tyler Eifert (ankle surgery) on the active/PUP list.
NFL.com's Ian Rapoport reports unsigned Chiefs franchise player Eric Berry won't report for the start of training camp.


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home > first Aid & injuries center > first Aid & injuries a-z list > splinters article > splinters topic guide
Splinters Topic Guide
Splinters: Splinters are foreign bodies that are partially or fully embedded in the skin. Splinters usually are wood, but metal, glass, and even plastic materials may be considered a splinter. Most splinters can be removed without seeking medical care. Some splinters may be deep in the skin and require seeking medical care.
Must Read Articles:
First Aid Kits Get information about what you need in a first aid kit for your home, travel, and how to gather all of the necessary supplies to be prepared for a medical emergency.


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Do you need help?
Call or email for a consultation or referral.
Talk to an attorney.
Your family is too important not get professional help.
Are you confused?
Read through my most frequently asked questions.
Dawn's scholasticism and superior knowledge of the law distinguishes her among our peers. She listens very carefully to her clients and is meticulous about details.
Dawn is persistent in her representation of clients. She is genuine, caring, dependable and always accessible. I appreciate that she is very authentic in her approach to everyone.
My family and I think the world of her and would trust her with any legal or personal matter. We like to think of her as part of our family. She is one of the finest people I know.


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Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Mar 01st, 2006
Running Time: 86
Director: Alessandro del Mar
Company: Private U.S.A.
Distribution Companies: Pure Play Media
Cast: Nikki Rider, Samantha (I), Veronica Da Souza, Belicie, Jane Darling, Katia (I), Laura Lion, Others
Critical Rating: AAA 1/2
Genre: All-Sex
The only thing "dead" here is the lame plot about a jealous husband who hires a hitman to kill his wife. But don't worry about that (the director didn't), and just enjoy this beautifully shot foreign entry filled with tropical heat.
Threesomes tangle in lagoon and waterfall settings, while a couple joins the "not-quite-mile-high club" by fucking in a small airborne plane. While hot, this is all eclipsed by two foursomes - one in a hotel bar and one poolside - that really cook.
Retailing: Couples will enjoy these fresh, foreign faces in a tropical paradise.


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I've just had to buy a new Windows PC as a temporary replacement for a mac in repair. Everything is fine, with one small annoyance. Every now and then (i.e. every couple of hours, no pattern though), I have to do an ipconfig /renew.
I also have to do that every time that I shut down or hibernate the machine. Any idea why this would happen, or how to fix it?
Running Windows 7, HP Pavilion dm1 notebook PC.


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Pop Superstar Prince Dies At His HomePop music superstar Prince has died at his home in suburban Minneapolis, according to his publicist.
Complete City Guide To Minneapolis, MinnesotaMake plans to go explore Minneapolis, Minnesota. There, you can enjoy everything from fine dining to theater venues and museums to the great outdoors.
48 Hours In Minnesota's Twin CitiesTravel guide for visitors who only have 48 hours to visit Minnesota's Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul
Colorado Kids Get Stuck After Move To MinnesotaTwo kids from Colorado gave their parents quite a fright after moving to their new home in Minnesota. The siblings got their heads stuck in the banister.
Avalanche, Erik Johnson Agree To 7-Year Contract ExtensionThe Colorado Avalanche have locked up Erik Johnson through the 2022-23 season, signing the defenseman to a seven-year contract extension Tuesday.
Minnesota Woman Celebrates Newborn's Advances After Twin's DeathThe Minnesota woman who gave birth to conjoined twins where one died shortly after is celebrating the advances her surviving twin is making.
Minnesota Woman Gives Birth To Conjoined Twins At Children's HospitalA Colorado hospital where a Minnesota woman gave birth to conjoined twins said Thursday that one of the babies died after a complicated five-four separation procedure.
Golden Company That Once Had Lion Killer As Client Getting 'Hectic & Frightening' ThreatsThe killing of Cecil the Lion has brought worldwide attention to the famed cat and its accused killer, and now a company based in Golden is also getting unwanted attention.
Parachute Couple Accused Of Killing Their Infant Daughter Arrested In MinnesotaA Parachute couple wanted in connection with the death of their 4-week-old daughter have been arrested in Minnesota.
Colorado Didn't See Northern Lights, But They Were As Close As NebraskaWhile the natural light show didn't materialize Tuesday night the prospect sure was exciting.
Denver Beats No. 1 North Dakota 4-1Denver University goalie Evan Cowley made 29 saves and assisted on a goal as the Pioneers beat North Dakota 4-1 Saturday to extend its winning streak against No. 1-ranked teams to three games.
College Football Spotlight: A Time To Be Thankful For RivalriesWith Thanksgiving upon us, we should all take some time to think about what we are thankful for. There is plenty of drama to pay attention to this weekend, and that is something every college football fan can be thankful for.


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LONDON Swansea City inflicted the second shock home defeat in eight days on Chelsea, goals from Michu and Danny Graham giving the Welsh club a 2-0 win in their Capital One (League) Cup semi-final first leg on Wednesday.
Michael Laudrup's Swansea, playing in their first major semi-final for 49 years, weathered an early storm from the European champions before scoring against the run of play in the 39th minute.
Branislav Ivanovic blundered after receiving a pass from goalkeeper Ross Turnbull and Jonathan De Guzman robbed the Chelsea defender on the edge of the box before setting up Michu for a curling left-foot finish.
It was the Spaniard's 16th goal of the season in all competitions and substitute Graham delivered a sucker-punch second goal near the end.
"Winning an away game against the European champions is obviously very special," Laudrup told Sky Sports.
"We knew it would be a very difficult game, we had to defend a lot more than we are used to. They had a lot more possession than we had."
Chelsea, who also lost 1-0 at home to Premier League bottom club Queens Park Rangers last Wednesday, started well against Swansea but paid a heavy price for poor finishing.
Juan Mata and Ramires shot weakly when well placed while Gary Cahill headed narrowly over from a corner.
Swansea then struck completely against the run of play through Michu before Ivanovic tried to make amends for his error when his rasping 20-metre shot was saved acrobatically by Gerhard Tremmel.
The home fans became agitated in the second half as four-times League Cup winners Chelsea struggled to create clear-cut openings, calling for substitutes Frank Lampard and Demba Ba to come on.
Lampard replaced Ramires in the 70th minute and new signing Ba went on for a completely ineffective Fernando Torres 11 minutes later.
Swansea then delivered a second goal in stoppage time when substitute Graham latched on to a short Ivanovic back pass and rounded Turnbull before sliding the ball into an empty net.
Ba, bought from Newcastle United last week, had the ball in the net in the closing stages but it was chalked off.
"We had chances, the team had chances and we have to take our chances," Chelsea's interim manager Rafael Benitez said.
"It's a Cup competition and we can score goals, if we score a goal everything will change," he added in reference to the second leg.
Swansea captain Ashley Williams, named man of the match for a towering display in defence, said: "The second goal gives us little bit of a cushion but we know they are going to come at us with everything at our place.
"I said to the guys before that this was the game of our lives. We are halfway there...and if we do get to the final at Wembley it will be massive for everyone."
It was the second surprise result in successive days in the League Cup, fourth tier Bradford City having beaten Premier League Aston Villa 3-1 in their first leg on Tuesday.
Both second legs are in two weeks' time.
(Editing by Alison Wildey)
Trending On Reuters
Opener Murali Vijay misses Kingston test with injury, Rahul to open
Indian opener Murali Vijay will miss the second test against West Indies due to a thumb injury and will be replaced by Lokesh Rahul, skipper Virat Kohli said ahead of the match that begins at Kingston's Sabina Park later on Saturday. Full Article
Reuters Showcase
Reuters India App
Download the Reuters app from the Apple App Store, Google Play and Amazon. Select the India edition from settings. Full Coverage


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Quick Hits: Tulsa 33, UCF 27 (OT)
|Tulsa celebrated its first Conference USA title since 2005 with a win over UCF on Saturday. (US Presswire)
TULSA WON: There were missed field goals, 5-yard punts, and wind whipping more than 20 miles per hour at Chapman Stadium in Tulsa. But although the conditions affected both teams, Tulsa's consistent rushing attack and UCF's miscues made the difference in a 33-27 overtime win. For the first time since 2005, Tulsa was able to celebrate a Conference USA championship.
HOW TULSA WON: Both teams were sloppy early, possibly an issue related to jitters or the early start (11 a.m. local time). But it was Tulsa that did a better job correcting its errors and overcoming the elements to escape with the win. There were stretches of the game in which Golden Hurricane quarterback Cody Green simply could not get on the same page as his wide receivers. Luckily, Trey Watts (25 carries, 134 yards) and Alex Singleton (25 carries, 100 yards, two touchdowns) were there to provide some stability when throwing the ball was simply not an option.
Then the kicks. Oh, the kicks.
The wind made flipping the field nearly impossible on a punt. And more than once, a possible field goal was nixed because of the direction of the wind. Both UCF kicker Shawn Moffitt and Tulsa kicker Daniel Schwarz had extra points blocked, but it was a partially blocked field goal during the first possession of overtime that allowed Tulsa to win with a score.
WHAT TULSA WON: In the madness of conference realignment, one piece that has been left out has been Tulsa. Despite more on-field success than East Carolina and Tulane, the small enrollment -- overall enrollment of 4,194 is the smallest of all FBS schools -- and lack of a desirable market make the Golden Hurricane the most impressive "have nots" in the shifting conference landscape. Coach Bill Blankenship, a Tulsa grad himself, has brought the Golden Hurricane back to a position to dominate the league the way that Todd Graham did before him.
WHAT CENTRAL FLORIDA LOST: NCAA sanctions and a move to the Big East have kept things busy for UCF off the field, and an appeal of their postseason ban pushed the punishment to the 2013 season. This was the one opportunity for the Knights to capitalize and claim a conference title in their last season of Conference USA play. The "all or nothing" didn't translate to the field, though, and Central Florida was once again hurt by many of the same mistakes that have recurred throughout the season.
Keep up with the latest college football news from around the country. From the opening kick of the year all the way through the offseason, CBSSports.com has you covered with this daily newsletter. View a preview.
Get CBSSports.com College Football updates on Facebook


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If you need 2D homebrew, you have unmodded PS3 now
If you need 3D homebrew, you have XNA interpreter on xbox 360 (you pay, players pay, so you can't do any business, but it's not like you really planned to do some...)
(it's odd, it looks like a complementary association in order to bring hacking pressure down)
Eh... that seriously lowers hacking motivations (without talking about huge security obstacles of next gen).
(piracy already exists, no more pressure from that part)
The only last interesting thing I see would be to have the pleasure to directly have low level control on one of these last generation GPU. Xbox 360 GPU seems to be the winner in front of PS3 GPU. And xbox 360 hardware seems more easy to manipulate (one board) than PS3 hardware (very tricky encapsulated hardware parts).
Let's say you put the xbox 360 board vertically in a new tower case, and keep enough room on both sides of main board. Then you solder a CPU support on other side of main board and create a switch that either brings power supply to standard xbox 360 CPU or to the alternate CPU you can plug in on other side of main board. To make the soldering possible, we can imagine a support with short metal pins with some soldering matter ready on them and ceramic parts around pins that prevents the pins to go too deep inside main board and have the soldering made through a global heating (like the hotgun repair method).
On the support, you can plug an intermediate "shuffle" support that will redirect lower pins to correct upper pins plugs. Each "shuffle" support matches a replacement CPU able to run with xbox 360 hardware.
And then hacking becomes easier : the incredible CPU security gets out of the way.
Task can be devided in 3 parts, done by different specialized people :
a) "straight" support soldering business (delicate, and hand made for sure)
b) "shuffle" supports manufacture and choice of associated replacement CPU
c) creation of operating system for the replacement CPUs (let's say linux type at start)
Then starts the joy to discover how GPU works...
Do you think data sent to xbox 360 GPU is encrypted?
I'm not skilled enough to attempt a) or b) preliminary steps though...
Edited by openxdkman, 23 November 2006 - 12:57 PM.


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I have a question regarding windows setup:
- I have a win xp installed like this:
one disk drive with two partitions C: - system data, etc. D: - all user data (user accounts)
- now I bought an SSD drive and would like to use it in paralell with the old drive. move only the system part of windows on it like this:
C; I cloned the old windows system partition "C:" to the new SSD drive. I made the old partition that I cloned invisible (with a partition manager) D: stays where it is (on the old disk drive)
- I changed the boot order, so that the laptop is now booting from the new SSD drive. Windows is booting, but then gets stuck when the log on screen with the users appears. There are no users to choose from, nor any button for closing/rebooting windows.
It seems that windows, when started from the new SSD drive, does not understand where the user files are. On the original disk, they were in D:, but now it does not find them there... It could be that windows is not looking in the right place (perhaps it looks after disk numbers (0)/partition(1) and (0)/partition(2) and not after C: and D:
Could anyone help me with an opinion?
I think this could be a generally interesting matter, as a lot of people buy SSD-s, which are generally smaller then the HDDs in use. Also, because of some worries about data security on SSDs, some will prefer, like me, to keep the user data on a HDD, and use just the system and programs on the SSD (for faster access and booting).


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Brainz and suckaz by TrollGirlWatch
©2011-2016 TrollGirl
Pendant and keychains for an upcoming convention.
Super sculpey, acrylics, nailpolish
Super sculpey, acrylics, nailpolish
I would buy that... Imagine someone saying that they carry a brain and tentacle in their pocket! lol
Now the question is, how much would you pay for that!
It's nice of you to sell some brains. I am pretty sure that some people will be lucky and grateful.
Not so much for zombie brains. They eat...everything!
So gross, yet cute at the same time.
You could say they're charming in a gross way~
You could say they're charming in a gross way~
So cute!
beautiful work!
beautiful work!


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On the blog index page, the Retweet button only passes the URL of the post and not the title of the post. Instead, it passes the blog title and post URL. In contrast, the Twitter button for AddThis passes both correctly. This is a minor issue, but I'm forced to not use the Retweet button and use the AddThis button instead.
Very nice plugin otherwise. Thanks and keep up the good work.


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Neoseeker : Games : Xbox 360 : Strategy : Turn-based : Skulls of the Shogun : Cheats
cheats | faqs | screens | forums | xboxlive hub | gamertags | leaderboard
Skulls of the Shogun
- Released on Nov 26, 2013
- By 17-BIT for PC, PS4, Xbox 360, iPhone
Skulls of the Shogun (Xbox 360) Cheats
Skulls of the Shogun cheats, Achievements, and Codes for Xbox 360.
AchievementsBack to top
Complete each achievement to get the allotted gamerscore. The numbers between the () is the points given for each achievement.
|How to unlock
|Devil Inside(10)
|Power up your General to a Demon.
|Kurokawa Would Be Proud(10)
|Break a Deadly Alliance in online multiplayer.
|Online Multi-Slayer(10)
|Win a 4-player online multiplayer match.
|Team Player(10)
|Win a team deathmatch game with your teammate still alive.
|Web Master(10)
|Win an online multiplayer match.
|Were you using that?(10)
|Defeat an enemy Monk by haunting its Shrine.
|Gone with the Wind(20)
|Knock 3 foes off a ledge at once with a Demon Crow Monk's Typhoon spell.
|Gum-Splattered Lock-Plucker(20)
|Complete the Land of Monsoon Meadows on Normal difficulty.
|Kingdom of the Golden Skull(20)
|Earn 30 gold skulls.
|Lightning Storm(20)
|Defeat 5 foes at once with a Salamander Monk's Lightning Storm spell.
|Out of Line(20)
|Complete the Shores of the Dead on Normal difficulty.
|Outfoxing Death(20)
|Bring back a fallen unit with a Demon Fox Monk's Revive spell.
|Sound of One Hand Applauding(20)
|Complete the Land of Golden Harvest on Normal difficulty.
|Speed Kills(20)
|Win a multiplayer match with a 20-second-per-turn time limit.
|The Bone Collector(20)
|Earn 15 gold skulls.
|Victor of Victorious...Victory(20)
|Complete the Land of Eternal Blossoms on Normal difficulty.
|Epic Win(30)
|Win an online match that lasts at least 30 rounds, defeating at least 30 enemies.
|Speed of the Shogun(30)
|Complete every level such that your best times for all of them add up to less than 3 hours.
|A Shogun Is You!(40)
|Complete the Land of Frozen Fortunes on Normal difficulty.
|Out of Your Skull(40)
|40 Earn all gold skulls.


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Julia Sawalha
Lynda Day
Dexter Fletcher
Spike Thomson
Lucy Benjamin
Julie Craig
Kelda Holmes
Sarah Jackson
Mmoloki Chrystie
Frazz Davis
Paul Reynolds
Colin Matthews
Henry Naylor
Guest Star
Kevin Allen
Bobby Campbell
Guest Star
Carolyn Pertwee
Mrs. Campbell
Guest Star
Joanna Dukes
Toni "Tiddler" Tildesley
Recurring Role
Clive Wood
Matt Kerr
Recurring Role
Julie: Can I just make a point here? What is your problem? You've got your boyfriend and the newspaper back. What more do you want?
Lynda: Keep out of this, Sam.
Julie: It's Julie, not Sam. Julie. And you're only pretending to forget to annoy me. Well, it does annoy me, so cut it out!
Frazz: Sex and violence. I love children's television.
Spike: You're getting worse, you know that? You're a warped, repressed, power-mad bitch! You don't have the morals of an alley cat! And you never made a friend that you didn't use!
Lynda: Yeah? Well you've got big lips!
Spike: What, is that the best you can do?
Lynda: Try this! (Slaps him) Got a smart answer for that, you shallow, show-off American lame-brain?
(Spike slaps her back, and then they kiss)
Spike: Ever since the first day you came into my life, you've been screwing it up for me! Why didn't I see you coming?
Lynda: Didn't see me coming? (To the camera) For the first six months he was following me around my office dragging his tongue! He left tracks!
Spike: This was not a one-way thing. If she saw me take of my jacket, we had to hose her down!
Lynda: This is pathetic, isn't it? Phone in if you think this is pathetic.
Lynda: Tell me something, Thomson. Do you actually enjoy doing this kind of thing in public?
Spike: (To the camera) Do I? Answer us on a postcard.
Lynda: You're sick, you know that?
Julie: Hello again.
Lynda: Oh, hello. Sarah, you remember Sam?
Sarah: Yeah I do. Good to see you again, Julie.
Julie: And you. Love the hair.
Sarah: Listen, I'll catch up with you in a moment. Stuff to do.
Julie: Sure, I remember.
Lynda: Don't mind Sarah, Julie was the girl before you.
Julie: Yeah, I heard.
Julie: Lynda! Julie Craig, remember me?
Lynda: Well I'll certainly keep you in mind.
Julie: No. Do you remember me? I used to run your graphics department.
Lynda: Oh yeah, we did use to have a blonde in there. Are you Sam?
Julie: Sam came after me. She was blonde too.
Lynda: There were two of those?
Julie: Yeah, right, well, got to go. It's been great talking over old times.
Lynda: Oh, so you've left the paper?
Cool Cat: Listen, Lynda. I think maybe you're getting the wrong end of the stick.
Lynda: Strangely enough, I don't particularly feel like taking advice from a man who spends his time behind a sofa with his arm up an artificial cat!
Zach: Isn't that cat terrible?
Lynda: Well he's not very convincing.
Zach: Right, he just needs you to play with him a little bit, that's all.
Lynda: What?
Zach: Come on, a quick scratch behind the ears. That's how to shut up a stupid animal.
Lynda: Well if that's what it takes. (Gets up and scratches Zach)
Spike: By the way, neat trick, slipping that cassette in Zoey's walkman. I owe you for that.
Lynda: Is that what this is about?
Spike: Hah! Have I got style or what?
Lynda: Who's he?
Tv man: What?
Spike: (Jumps onto the couch and puts his arm around her) Don't mind her, Zach, she's just overcome.
Lynda: I've never seen this jerk before in my life.
Spike: Hey, I resent that. I'm the jerk you used to go out with!
Lynda: Could you get rid of this person please?
Lynda: I expected a serious interview. What I didn't expect, was to find myself talking to an improbable looking domestic pet which has somehow acquired the power of speech.
TV Host: Are you talking about my cat?
Lynda: No.
Series 4 Cast Changes
Lee Ross decided not to be part of the fourth series as he was hoping for a film role that would be shooting at the same time. He unfortunately did not land the role, but found out too late to be included. With Kenny Phillips having left for Australia, Lucy Benjamin returned to reprise her role of Julie Craig and fill the Assistant Editor position.
User Score: 567
User Score: 435
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User Score: 46
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User Score: 4
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User Score: 2