text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 9, 1998
|Filing date
|Aug 16, 1996
|Priority date
|Aug 16, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Chu-Rui Chang, Shun Hua Zhou, F. Marco Marchetti, Christopher S. Reece, Payam Maveddat, Gokul V. Subramaniam, Ramanathan Balachander, Louis Perez, Balaji S. Holur, Robert L. Hicks, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|Northern Telecom Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (14), Classifications (8), Legal Events (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
I. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to radio communications. More particularly, the present invention relates to spatially configuring a subscriber radiotelephone in a fixed wireless access system.
II. Description of the Related Art
A cellular radio communication system is typically comprised of a number of cells covering a geographic region. Each cell is allocated a number of radio channels. The cell may also be divided up into sectors with each sector having a number of different channels.
In a typical mobile system, a subscriber is not configured to a specific cell. In these systems, a radio voice channel is allocated to the mobile subscriber for call initiation based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the availability of the radio voice channel. As the mobile subscriber moves through a cellular system's different cells, radio voice channels are dynamically allocated to the mobile as the channel's signal strength changes.
In a fixed wireless communication system, also known in the art as a wireless local loop system, each subscriber is typically configured to a specific cell on a permanent basis. This type of system uses radiotelephones that are not mobile. A fixed wireless system is an attractive solution to implement communications in developing countries or in rural areas of developed countries where the telecommunications infrastructure is inadequate.
For a subscriber radiotelephone located near the interior of a cell, identified as the home cell to the subscriber radiotelephone, the probability of receiving signal coverage is high. However, a radiotelephone located near the border of the cell may not receive signal coverage due to objects, such as terrain or large vehicles, shadowing the antenna from the subscriber radiotelephone. This effectively shrinks the size of the cell. This phenomenon is illustrated in FIG. 7.
The upper portion of FIG. 7 shows a subscriber (700) being configured to a home cell, Cell A. In this drawing, the home cell is providing normal coverage to the subscriber (700). The lower portion of FIG. 7 illustrates the shrinking of Cell A and the resulting loss of coverage experienced by the subscriber (700).
If a subscriber radiotelephone was initially configured to a home cell and the home cell shrinks, the received signal level could drop below the minimum signal level required to keep the connection. This minimum signal level is the radio's minimum sensitivity--the signal level below which the radio cannot detect a signal. In this case, the call is dropped or not set up, if it is a new call, since the subscriber is configured to only one home cell in wireless local loop systems. There is a resulting previously unknown need to provide improved coverage to subscribers located on the border of a cell in a wireless local loop system.
The process of the present invention assigns cellular radio service to a radiotelephone unit in a wireless local loop system. The process first measures, at the radiotelephone unit, a mean value signal for each radio control channel signal received from each cell of a set of cells of the cellular system. The set of cells is the cells that are within communication distance of the radiotelephone unit and includes the radiotelephone unit's home cell.
The process next identifies the cells with the largest and second largest mean values from the measured mean values. These mean values are compared with threshold level bands so as to categorize the cells based on into which threshold the particular mean value falls. The number of threshold levels is equal to the maximum number of serving cells allowed to be configured for a border cell radiotelephone unit.
If the largest mean value goes above the highest threshold level, the radiotelephone unit only needs to be assigned to the cell that generated the largest mean value, its home cell. If the largest mean value lies between the highest and lowest threshold levels, the radiotelephone unit is assigned to not only the home cell but also to the cells that generate sufficiently strong radio signals. If the largest mean value goes below the lowest threshold level, the radiotelephone unit cannot be set up to initiate a call or an ongoing call is dropped.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a typical fixed, wireless radiotelephone system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a typical cell layout of the radiotelephone system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a preferred embodiment process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an alternate embodiment process of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a distribution of a local mean in a two-neighboring cell situation.
FIG. 6 shows a plot of probability density function versus signal level, as described from FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 shows a typical cell layout experiencing the cell breathing phenomenon.
FIG. 8 shows a table used to select threshold levels in a two serving cell embodiment.
FIG. 9 shows another alternate embodiment of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 10 shows a fixed wireless access system's RF coverage using the present invention.
The wireless local loop radiotelephone system of the present invention enables a wireless radiotelephone user to access the public switched telephone network. By averaging, over the space domain, the mean value of the signals received by the radiotelephone, the system can optimally configure the radiotelephone to additional neighboring cells beyond the radiotelephone's home cell.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the fixed wireless radiotelephone system of the present invention. This cellular system is comprised of multiple base stations (101-103) that communicate radiotelephone signals with the fixed subscriber radiotelephone (110). Each base station (101-103) is comprised of multiple receivers and transmitters that operate in any RF band. However, the 800 and 900 MHz bands are typical for time division multiple access (TDMA) cellular service. This system can be installed in office buildings, parts of cities, or other places requiring telephone access without requiring telephone wiring to be installed.
The radio base stations (101-103) are connected to a fixed wireless controller (105). The controller (105) keeps track of which subscribers are configured to a particular base station (101, 102, or 103) and routes any calls from the public switched telephone network (PSTN) (120) to the appropriate base station (101, 102, or 103) for transmission to the subscriber radiotelephone (110).
FIG. 2 illustrates the cell layout of the present invention. In this example, there are three base stations: BSA, BSB, and BSC (201-203). The fixed subscriber radiotelephones (210, 220, and 230) each communicate with the appropriate base station (210, 220, and 230). The processes of the present invention determine to which base station (201-203) each subscriber radiotelephone (210, 220, and 230) is configured.
One subscriber radiotelephone (210) may be configured to a single base station (202). Another radiotelephone (220) may be configured to two base stations (201 and 202) while yet another radiotelephone may be configured to all three stations (201-203).
The power received by a radiotelephone in the above wireless system is expressed as: ##EQU1## where: PR (r)=the received power at a distance r from the base station.
P0 =the received power at a close-in reference distance r0.
r=the distance between the base station and the radiotelephone.
r0 =the close-in reference distance.
α=the path-loss slope.
In the preferred embodiment, the close-in reference distance is greater than 1.39�G�H where G is the antenna gain and H is the antenna height. The path-loss slope, α, also referred to as the propagation constant, is well known in the art. The path-loss slope is the rate of decay of signal strength as a function of distance and is typically in the range of 2-5 depending on the terrain and conditions. For example, a path-loss slope of 2 is without any obstructions while a path-loss slope of 5 would be a dense urban environment.
In the above equation, the component ##EQU2## is the mean value of the received power, subsequently referred to as m. The component M(r) is the local mean, also referred to in the art as the long-term fading component. M(r) observes lognormal distribution around the mean value, m. M(r) varies due to the terrain contour between the base station and the radiotelephone.
The component R(r) is the multipath fading, or short-term fading, component. The variation of R(r) is due to the radio waves being reflected from man-made structures.
The local mean, M(r), is a Gaussian distributed random variable with a standard deviation of σ around the m. Both σ and M(r) are measured in dB. Typically, in an urban environment, σ=8 dB but could range between 4 dB and 12 dB, depending on the conditions of the actual terrain. The probability density function of M(r) can be expressed as: ##EQU3##
An example of the signal coverage in a border cell of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows the signal level contours and distribution of local mean values in the two-neighboring cell embodiment. This figure illustrates that in a home cell, Cell A, a subscriber (500) located in the interior of Cell A has a much higher mean signal level, mA, received from its home cell, Cell A, than the mean signal level, mB, received from its neighboring cell, Cell B. The two probability density functions of the signals from the two cells do not have much overlap. In otherwords, the probability that the signal from Cell B is higher than that from Cell A due to signal fluctuation is low. In this case, the subscriber should be configured to Cell A only.
A subscriber located at the border of Cell A (505), the overlapping region between Cells A and B, experiences a mean signal level from Cell B, mB, only slightly higher than from Cell A, mA. In this case, the two probability density functions have large overlapping areas. This means that even though Ma >MB, there is a certain probability that the signal from Cell B is higher than that from Cell A due to signal fluctuations.
The probability that the signal received from a cell is higher than a particular value γ can be calculated from the probability density function as: ##EQU4## where Q(z) is a function with tabulated values, defined as: ##EQU5##
For the case of a home cell subscriber described in FIG. 5, mA is greater than mB by a large margin. If the measured signal level from Cell A is γ, then the probability that the received signal level from Cell B exceeding γ is the shaded area in FIG. 6, which is the integral of the probability density function ƒM (x) over the range (γ, ∞).
For the border cell subscriber example illustrated in FIG. 5 above, even though mA >mB, there is a certain probability that the signal from Cell B is higher than the signal from Cell A due to the signal fluctuation. If the measured signal level from Cell A is γ, then the probability of the received signal level from Cell B exceeding γ is the shaded area in FIG. 6, that is the integral of the probability density function ƒM (x) over the range (γ, ∞).
The probability density functions for mA and mB of the border example (505) of the FIG. 5 embodiment are illustrated in FIG. 6. This figure shows a graph of the probability density functions versus the signal level in decibels.
The lower graph of FIG. 6 shows that, near the Cell A border, the mean values, mA and mB, are very close and the probability density functions are heavily overlapped. The upper graph of FIG. 6 shows that, for a home cell subscriber, the probability is small that the signal from Cell B is higher than that from Cell A.
The probability of a radiotelephone being covered by a cell is the integral of the probability density function ƒM (x) over the range (Smin, ∞) where Smin is the sensitivity of the radiotelephone. The minimum sensitivity of a radiotelephone depends on the manufacturer but is typically -110 dBm. As an example of a probability density function, for a mean value m=Smin +1.0σ, the corresponding probability of coverage is: ##EQU6##
For a home cell subscriber located at the interior of the home cell, Cell A, the mean signal level received from Cell A, mA, is strong enough to guarantee a high probability of RF coverage for the subscriber, such as 95% of the time in the preferred embodiment. Therefore, only Cell A should be configured to the subscriber.
For a border cell subscriber located at the overlapping area of Cell A and Cell B, the main signal level of Cell A, mA, is not strong enough to guarantee a high probability of RF coverage for the subscriber, such as only 70% of the time in the preferred embodiment. To improve the probability of RF coverage, Cell B should be configured to the subscriber in addition to Cell A. With two serving cells, the overall probability of receiving RF coverage is improved.
The process of the present invention, illustrated in FIG. 3, is based on the mean values of the received signal levels from the neighboring cells within communication distance of the subscriber radiotelephone. In the preferred embodiment, the mean values are averaged over the space domain. This embodiment works for a maximum of two serving cells: the subscriber's home cell and a second serving cell.
The preferred embodiment process begins with the mean value signals of the received signal levels from the neighboring cells being measured (301) at the radio subscriber's location when the fixed wireless radiotelephone system of the present invention is installed. The mean values are then listed in descending order (305). For example, the mean values could be listed as follows:
______________________________________mA : Cell A gives the strongest signal level.mB : Cell B gives the second strongest signal level...mK : Cell K gives the weakest signal level.______________________________________
The highest threshold level, T1, is defined to separate the home cell subscribers from the border cell subscribers. This threshold level is associated with a high probability of coverage from a cell. It is made up of two parameters, the minimum radiotelephone sensitivity, Smin, and the standard deviation around the mean value, σ. These parameters are illustrated in FIG. 8.
The lowest threshold level, Smin, is the minimum radiotelephone sensitivity. It identifies the subscribers located at the radio coverage holes, to whom no serving cells are to be assigned. This is because Smin is associated with a probability of coverage of only 50% on average. This is insufficient to guarantee satisfactory voice quality.
The value of T1 is set by the service provider. It is a tradeoff between the voice quality and the system cost. T1 can be modified later. As illustrated in the table of FIG. 8, T1 could initially be defined as T1 =Smin +1.3σ. This leads to a corresponding probability of coverage of 90.3%: ##EQU7##
If mA, the mean value measured at the radiotelephone unit from Cell A, is greater than or equal to T1, then the subscriber radiotelephone receives radio signal coverage from Cell A 90% of the time on average. This is the case of a home cell subscriber located at the interior of a cell.
If T1 is set too low, such as T1 =Smin +0.5σ with a probability of coverage of 69.2%, then those radiotelephones located at the inner border of the home cell, Cell A, are leniently identified as the home cell subscribers. These subscriber radiotelephones have no additional serving cells configured. This could result in possible unsatisfactory voice quality.
If T1 is set too high, such as T1 =Smin +1.7σ with a probability of coverage of 95.5%, then those who are located at the outer mid-point of the home cell, Cell A, are identified as the border cell subscribers. These subscribers will have additional cells configured that could result in unnecessary radio resource allocation.
Referring again to FIG. 3, if mA ≧T1 (310), the radiotelephone is identified as a home cell subscriber (315) and is configured to the home Cell A only. If mA <Smin (350), the radiotelephone cannot receive a signal strong enough for communication. In this case, the subscriber cannot be configured to any of the cells (355).
If T1 >mA ≧Smin (320), the radiotelephone is identified as a border cell subscriber (325). In this case, the second largest mean value signal, mB, is examined to determine if the subscriber should be assigned to another cell.
If T1 >mB ≧Smin (330), then the mean values for both Cell A and Cell B are in the same region. In this case, the radiotelephone is configured to cells A and B (335). If mB <Smin (340), then the signal from Cell B is too weak to be used by the radiotelephone. In this case, the radiotelephone is configured as a Cell A subscriber only (345).
A flowchart of an alternate embodiment process of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 4. This embodiment determines if the radiotelephone subscriber should be assigned to three serving cells.
In any alternate embodiments using more than one additional serving cell for border cell subscribers, additional thresholds are required. If the maximum number of serving cells to be configured to a border cell subscriber is N (N≧1) then an additional N-2 thresholds need to be defined besides T1 and Smin. These additional threshold levels are defined in the same way T1 is defined, but with lower probability of coverage from an associated cell. For example, the alternate embodiment using three serving cells (N=3) requires one additional threshold. This threshold is subsequently referred to as T2.
The process of the alternate embodiment begins with measuring the mean value signals of the received signals from the neighboring cells (401). These mean values are listed in a descending order (402) to determine the largest mean value, the second largest mean value, and the third largest mean value.
If the largest mean value, mA, is greater than or equal to the threshold, T1 (405), the radiotelephone is configured as a home cell subscriber (410). In this case, since the received signal is strong enough for adequate communications, a back-up service cell is not required. If the largest mean value is less than the minimum threshold, Smin (415), then even the home cell cannot provide adequate coverage to enable the radiotelephone to communicate with the system (420).
If T1 >mA ≧Smin (425), the radiotelephone is identified as a border cell subscriber (430). The alternate embodiment process then considers the second largest mean value mB (430). If T1 >mB ≧T2 (435), the mean values from the home Cell A and the second service Cell B are considered strong and the radiotelephone is configured to both cells (465). If mB <Smin (440), the signal from the second service cell is too weak for use and the radiotelephone is configured to the home Cell A only (480).
If T2 >MB ≧Smin (445), the radiotelephone is again identified as a border cell subscriber (450). In this case, the signal from Cell B may not be strong enough to configure just to cells A and B and a third service cell is needed. Therefore, the third largest mean value, mC, needs to be considered.
If T2 >mC ≧Smin (455), the mean values from cells B and C are in the same region. In this case, the subscriber radiotelephone is configured to cells A, B, and C (470) since the radiotelephone is receiving adequate signals from all three cells.
If mC <Smin (460), the mean value of the signal from cell C is too weak for use by the radiotelephone. Therefore, the subscriber will be configured for cells A and B (475).
FIG. 9 illustrates another alternate embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is a generic embodiment in which a subscriber radiotelephone is assigned to N serving cells.
The above described embodiments are only examples of the process of the present invention. This process can be extended to configuring service cells beyond three if necessary due to terrain, buildings, or other factors. Determining the number of serving cells is a choice of cost versus quality. The more serving cells to which a radiotelephone is configured improves the quality of the communications but also increases the cost due to resource allocation, such as additional cell radios to handle the potential additional subscriber radiotelephones.
An example of one benefit of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 10. The upper portion of this figure shows a subscriber configured to both Cells A and B, with Cell A being the home cell. If the coverage of Cell A shrinks, as illustrated in the lower portion, coverage from Cell A is lost. However, since the subscriber is still within Cell B's coverage area, communication ability is not lost.
It is obvious from the above description that the process and system of the present invention improves the quality of the communications for a subscriber on the border of a cell in a fixed wireless system. By configuring the radiotelephone to additional serving cells besides the home cell, when one of the cell's coverage areas changes the other serving cells enable the subscriber to continue the communication uninterrupted.
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|U.S. Classification
|455/434, 455/440, 455/450
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 10, 1997
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Amy Reynaldo, the author of How to Conquer the New York Times Crossword Puzzle, is a top-10 finisher at the American Crossword Puzzle Tournament. Her first New York Times crossword byline appeared July 5, 2009. She solves at least three crosswords a day and writes about them here.
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I am trying to insert an Amazon product link ad into one of my posts, but the image keeps breaking. I've gone through the forum and the only advice I found was to add something to the alt tag, however, that does not change anything.
Can anyone tell me if there's a special process or trick to placing such ads in an actual post? I'm going into the code tab and pasting it. Is there something else I need to do? I've seen these in other posts, so I'm sure it can be done.
Please help.
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A recount began Friday afternoon in the closely contested state Senate race between Democrats Mack Bernard and Jeff Clemens.
Both candidates are tied with 50 percent of the vote in District 27.
Clemens thought he had won Tuesday's primary election after all the precincts had reported and he was ahead by 318 votes. But after the absentee ballots were counted, he was only ahead by 35 votes.
The Palm Beach County canvassing board spent Wednesday reviewing provisional ballots.
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Proceeds from one upcoming golf event will help youth with disabilities, while another will provide nursing scholarships. But not all golf activities are fundraisers.
Here's a sample of events and activities golfers can take part in:
Nick Personett Memorial Golf Scramble
Delta Delta chapter of Epsilon Sigma Alpha International Inc. is sponsoring the 12th annual Nick Personett Memorial Golf Scramble on Sunday at Shadowood Golf Course in Seymour.
Lunch is at noon in the pavilion, and there will be a 1 p.m. shotgun start for golf. Cost is $55 per person ($220 per team) and includes green fees, a cart and snacks.
Proceeds will benefit Camp Riley, a summer camp for youth with physical disabilities located at Bradford Woods in Martinsville. Personett was a longtime camper at Camp Riley and resident of Seymour. He passed away in 2004 at age 17. Delta Delta sponsored him at camp for several years.
Monetary donations, which are tax deductible, also will be accepted.
Information: Mary Hougland at 812-528-3268
Two Guys Golf series of 2-person scrambles
Two Guys Golf LLP is a new golf company organizing a series of two-person scramble events at area golf courses.
The 10-tournament series starts Sunday at Otter Creek Golf Course in Columbus. Each tournament will have a point format that will accumulate to the finale on Aug. 10 at Belterra Casino and Golf Resort in Florence.
Golfers in each tournament will compete for first- and second-place prizes along with closest to the pin and skin pot prizes. Entry in each tournament is $170 per team. Skin pot and closest to the pin awards are included in the entry fee.
Other courses on the tour are Shadowood in Seymour (11 a.m., May 4), Otis Park in Bedford (noon, May 18), Timbergate in Edinburgh (noon, June 1), Jeffersonville Elks in Jeffersonville (1 p.m., June 8), Heartland Crossing in Camby (noon, June 22), The Legends in Franklin (noon, July 13), Covered Bridge in Sellersburg (noon, July 27) and Rising Star Casino and Golf in Rising Sun (11:45 a.m., Aug. 9).
The idea behind the tournaments is for two friends to have fun, compete, meet other golfers and win prizes. A golfer does not have to play in all 10 events to win the prizes for the finale, but it can be an advantage to play in all of them.
Information: twoguysgolf.com, Facebook, Rex Meyer at 812-530-9789 or Rick Burton at 812-216-4056
Thursday Morning Golf Scrambles
The Seymour Parks and Recreation Department and Seymour Country Club are joining forces to offer Thursday Morning Golf Scrambles.
Play begins at 9 a.m. May 8 and is open to men and women. A two-player scramble format will be followed.
Cost is $12.95 for nine holes with a cart.
Information: Seymour Country Club at 812-522-3495
Beginner Golf Clinics
Beginner Golf Clinics will be offered by Seymour Parks and Recreation Department and Seymour Country Club.
Clinics are open to men and women and will start May 21. Morning and evening sessions are available.
Cost is $60 for the five-week clinic, and class size is limited to 16 golfers.
Jim Ward, a PGA professional with more than
30 years of experience, will cover rules of golf, putting, chipping, full swing and on-course instruction.
Information: Seymour Country Club at 812-522-3495
Dr. Bud Charity Golf Tournament
The 34th annual Dr. Bud Charity Golf Tournament is set for June 25 at Shadowood Golf Course in Seymour.
There will be 8 a.m. and 1:15 p.m. tee times. Lunch, donated by AVI Foodsystems Inc., will be from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. in the pavilion. Awards will be at 6 p.m. in the pavilion.
Cost is $450 for a corporate team of four players and $75 for individual entry. Teams can consist of all men, all women or a combination. The entry deadline is June 20.
Sponsorships also are available. Cart sponsors are $750, hole sponsors are $500, and food and beverage sponsors are $250. There also will be prizes for a hole-in-one on five different holes.
All proceeds from the golf scramble will provide scholarships for registered nursing students in Jackson, Jennings, Scott and Washington counties.
The Dr. Bud Scholarship was established in honor of Dr. H.P. "Bud" Graessle. Born in 1893 in Seymour, Graessle was a practicing physician and surgeon for 53 years until his retirement in 1971. He died in 1977.
To date, nearly $373,000 has been awarded in registered nursing scholarships. In 2013, 24 registered nursing students received scholarships.
Information: Vickie Gilbert at 812-522-0107 or firstname.lastname@example.com
All content copyright ©2016 The Tribune, a publication of AIM Media Indiana unless otherwise noted.
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Take a sneak peek at the new NIST.gov and let us know what you think!
(Please note: some content may not be complete on the beta site.).
Quality News
Fangmeyer Named as New Baldrige Program Director
Release Date: 11/20/2013
Robert (Bob) Fangmeyer, deputy director of the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program (BPEP) at the National Institute of Standards and … more
Three U.S. Organizations Honored with the 2013 Baldrige National Quality Award
Release Date: 11/13/2013
All Winners from Health Care and Education WASHINGTON, D.C.—U.S. Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker today announced that three U.S. organizations … more
2014 Examiner Training Schedule
Release Date: 10/18/2013
As many current Baldrige examiners are planning schedules and budgets for the upcoming year, please note that in 2014 the Baldrige Program will … more
Power of 10: Organizations Move Closer to 2013 Baldrige Award
Release Date: 09/03/2013
Ten U.S. organizations are this year's top candidates for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, the nation's highest recognition for … more
Two Top-100 Lists This Year Demonstrate Baldrige Impact in U.S. Health Care
Release Date: 08/27/2013
Two prestigious "top 100" lists highlight the impact of the Baldrige framework for performance excellence in U.S. health care today. Most … more
2014 Baldrige Sponsorship Opportunities Now Available!
Release Date: 08/26/2013
Organizations and individuals are invited to help support the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program at a turning point in its history. 2014 will … more
NIST Office of Weights and Measures Receives Important 'Continuing Education' Accreditation
Release Date: 06/20/2013
The International Association for Continuing Education and Training (IACET) has awarded the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) … more
Four New Overseers Appointed to the Board; Rulon Stacey Appointed Chair
Release Date: 06/11/2013
Former Acting Commerce Secretary Rebecca Blank recently appointed Robert Hagans, Warren Harris, Terry Holliday, and Liza Nickerson Seltzer to … more
2013 Baldrige Award Process Kicks Off with New Applicants
Release Date: 06/03/2013
The countdown has begun for the 2013 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Volunteer examiners will soon tackle the difficult job of choosing … more
Wide-Ranging Expertise Enhanced by 2013 Baldrige Training
Release Date: 05/22/2013
Graduating from the three-day Baldrige Examiner Preparation course, 482 Baldrige examiners and special visitors now find themselves among an elite … more
Happy World Metrology Day!!
Release Date: 05/20/2013
(Originally published on May 20, 2013.) Measurements define your daily life. From the amount of toothpaste in the tube to the calories in the … more
U.S. Presidents Convey Tributes at Baldrige 25th Anniversary Celebration and Award Ceremony
Release Date: 04/09/2013
President Obama Conveys a Message at 25th Baldrige Award Ceremony Photo by Eddie Arrossi Current and former U.S. Presidents Barack Obama and Bill … more
Commerce Deputy Secretary Blank Presents 2012 Baldrige Award to Four Organizations
Release Date: 04/08/2013
On April 8, 2013, U.S. Commerce Department Deputy Secretary Rebecca Blank presented four U.S. organizations with the Malcolm Baldrige National … more
A Baldrige Message of Hope and Celebration
Release Date: 03/05/2013
Debbie Collard is immediate past chair of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Foundation, who served as chair from 2011 to 2012. She is … more
Baldrige-Driven Performance Excellence Helps Grow Revenue and Jobs
Release Date: 02/20/2013
Take a tip from the six two-time winners of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award: If your organization wants to achieve growth in both … more
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text:
Synonyms of average in English:
adjectiveBack to top
3 a very average director
mediocre, second-rate, undistinguished, ordinary, middle-of-the-road, unexceptional, unexciting, unremarkable, unmemorable, indifferent, pedestrian, lackluster, forgettable, amateurish
informal OK, so-so, 'comme ci, comme ça', fair-to-middling, no great shakes, underwhelming, plain-vanilla
[Antonyms] outstanding, exceptional
Definition of average in:
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= trending


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ODT Online
ODT /directory
A man was arrested for spraying silly string outside
Wellington's Te Papa museum during a National Party dinner
last night.
The incident happened about 8pm as about 70 protesters
gathered outside the building, Senior Sergeant Wade Jennings
of Wellington police said.
An email to the NZ Herald said the silly string had
been directed at Conservation Minister Nick Smith.
But Mr Jennings said no MPs were affected as they were inside
having cocktails and dinner following the first day of the
party's two-day conference.
The 44-year-old from Wellington was arrested and charged with
disorderly behaviour after spraying the silly string into the
air, Mr Jennings said.
"It landed on various people who were there."
He was later given a pre-charge warning and let go.
There were no other problems from the protesters during the
evening, he said.
Meanwhile, protesters will be marching from the Kumeu Arts
Centre to Prime Minister John Key's electorate office today
with an open letter regarding Maui's dolphins.
According to environmental groups and the Department of
Conservation, there are only about 55 of the dolphins left in
the world.
The National Party has come under fire since opened up 3000
kilometres of a marine mammal sanctuary, thought to be home
to the dolphins, for oil and gas exploration.
- By Rebecca Quilliam of APNZ
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Put marbles on the floor next to a cup. Using your toes, try to lift the marbles up from the floor and put them in the cup.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical ReviewerWilliam H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine
Specialist Medical ReviewerGavin W.G. Chalmers, DPM - Podiatry and Podiatric Surgery
Current as ofNovember 14, 2014


text:
Gardens of Power and Passion
Monty Don's French Gardens Episode 1 of 3
Monty Don tells the stories behind France's most important historic gardens. These include elaborate walled gardens designed to please the mistress - and then the wife - of a king, magnificent displays of flowers and fountains that involved thousands of soldiers moving tracts of land and incited violent jealousy in another monarch, and a modern-day chateau garden that came close to bankrupting its owner. Monty sees how throughout history the French have used gardens as a public expression of money, power and passion.
Last on
Wed 27 May 2015 14:15
BBC Two except Scotland
More episodes
You are at the first episode
|Monty Don
|Series Producer
|Rachel Bell
|Rachel Bell


text:
The Pain-in-the-Ass 'Self-Promoter' That Is Justin Ross Lee
Getting tossed, one club at a time.
Getting tossed, one club at a time.
"I got to eat some of the food that I made for them, which was sauteed duck's testicles with white wine and herbs; and a calf's-brain sandwich. It was delicious."
Plus: Balthazar London may be a no-go?
Not a good day for Mr. McNally.
Plus: Ke$ha sings at Cipriani, Bristol Palin celebrates at 1 Oak, and more in our complete recap of celebrity sightings.
The W Hotel's hot new restaurant opens a patio and chef Sascha Lyon launches weekend brunch.
Plus, the Pulino's answering machine makes a funny.
A new French restaurant is coming to Hollywood.
Plus: Joy Behar and Oliver Stone visit A Voce, and David Duchovny takes the kids to Dylan's Candy Bar.
Plus: Uma Thurman and Amy Sacco at Hotel Griffou, Drew Nieporent dines with D.A. Robert Morgenthau at Nobu, and more, in our weekly roundup of bold-faced meals.
Our weekly roundup of where the pretty people are eating.
Who was out and about on a Thursday night.
Our weekly roundup of the glitterati's eating habits.
Our slideshow may be the last time you see this place celebrity-free.
If you order a steak at a McNally restaurant, it'll be from Creekstone.
Plus: the best firehouse cook in New York in our morning news roundup.
One tries to bargain down the price of a slice, another suggests knockoff restaurants, and Flo Fab tells us, again, how restaurants are dealing with the these troubled times.
Todd English and Sam Hazen have their eye on a 16,000-square-foot building in the meatpacking district.
The star of the upcoming film "Year of the Fish" also loves home cooking.
Bistro from the Balthazar guys and tapas from Tía Pol's Alex Raij … all coming to the JetBlue terminal.


text:
ODT Online
ODT /directory
A police officer allegedly hit with a crash helmet following
the pursuit of a motorcyclist around North Dunedin will be
back on the beat this week.
The pursuit began when a male police officer noted a passing
motorcyclist with invalid registration on North Rd, about
9.50pm on Wednesday.
The motorcyclist fled the scene after being signalled to
stop, relieving area commander Inspector Jason Guthrie said.
That led to a three-minute pursuit - reaching speeds up to
100kmh - around North Rd and Crown St before returning to
North Rd and along Castle St.
The motorcyclist then crashed at low speed, and allegedly
swung his helmet at the officer as the officer attempted to
arrest him. The officer was struck in the head several times,
and punched in the head by the motorcyclist.
Insp Guthrie said the officer called for help by his radio,
and another male officer received a cut to his eye as
officers restrained the motorcyclist. He confirmed no Taser
or pepper-spray was used.
''In fast-moving and highly unpredictable circumstances,
there was no time for the officer to deploy either of these
tactical options.''
The motorcyclist was uninjured.
The officer was taken to Dunedin Hospital and later
Insp Guthrie said the road policing officer was his late 20s
and was an ''experienced and capable officer with seven
years' service''.
He was expected to return to work this week.
• A 19-year-old man, who has name suppression, was charged
with possessing cannabis for supply, disqualified driving,
dangerous driving, failing to stop for police and assaulting
a police officer with intent to avoid arrest.
He appeared in the Dunedin District Court yesterday morning,
and has a registrar's adjournment to appear next month.
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The chaplain serves the Carroll community to provide a spiritual presence and program leadership. With the goals of nurturing spiritual awareness, building community and encouraging service to others, the chaplain is available to students, faculty, staff, neighbors and alumni.
The chaplain is available to coordinate service opportunities in/with/for local congregations and service agencies and joins with other Carroll staff to match students with service opportunities.
Bill Humphreys
Carroll Chaplain


text:
More Small Munsterlander Puppies and Dogs for sale.
Small Munsterlaner Pups For Sale Wolf Creek Kennel in Gays, Illinois
Small Munsterlander puppies Silver Creek Kennel in Borden, Indiana
Small Munsterlander Puppies - Small Munsterlanders in Borden, Indiana - Silver Creek Kennel
Chloe has just returned from the breeder. She should whelp her litter around May 31. We are now takeing Deposits.
Ad location: Borden, Indiana
Ad created: Feb 11, 2013
Contact Information
Contact Name: Matthew Jefferson
502-548-2565Contact breeder through email Click here to visit website
Silver Creek Kennel Breeder Information


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simplify music
Hidden Gems: Sudoku, Push Gmail, Streaming Music And The Biggest Moneysaver Ever
The apps this week are among the most impressive apps I've seen for iPhone.
| September 2
New Applist: Take Command Of Your Music
Adaptunes, TuneWiki and more make our newest Applist for apps that help you make the most of the iPod in your iPhone and your iTouch. We'll be on the lookout for more great apps as they debut to add to the list, but if you know of any good ones that aren't on the list now, let us know in the comments.
| July 25


text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Apr 01st, 2006
Running Time:
Director: Jules Jordan
Company: Jules Jordan Video
Distribution Companies: Evil Angel
Cast: Sativa Rose, Brooke Haven, Karina Kay, Courtney Cummz, Jasmine Byrne, Nadia Styles, Holly Wellin, Trina Michaels, Leah Luv, Brooke Milano
Critical Rating: AAAA
Genre: Gonzo
Imagine for a moment that you're Jules Jordan. That means you get to stick your big, tireless cock into A-list girls' various holes, sometimes adding butt plugs, and you'd be so good at it that they'd actually moan, pant, drool and offer up their sweet little faces for you to splooge on. You could even take on multiple girls at once!
Sadly, you can't be Jordan, but this new POV line is the next best thing. For four hours, you can see it all from Jordan's vantage point. So have your cock and imagination ready, and you, too, can fuck some hot sluts.
Pre-nom for Best POV Release.
Retailing: POV fans are going to flip out over this one.


text:
U.K. Stocks Fall for Second Day; British Airways, EasyJet Drop
U.K. stocks declined for a second day, led by airlines and travel companies as the ash cloud emanating from an Icelandic volcano closed parts of Europe's airspace for a fifth consecutive day.
British Airways Plc, Europe's third-biggest carrier, EasyJet Plc, TUI Travel Plc and Thomas Cook Group Plc all retreated. Kazakhmys Plc and Antofagasta Plc fell more than
1.5 percent as metals dropped.
The benchmark FTSE 100 Index decreased 16.05, or 0.3 percent, to 5,727.91. The FTSE All-Share Index lost 0.3 percent, while Ireland's ISEQ Index dropped 0.3 percent.
"Equities are approaching the stage where they could be vulnerable to a more substantial short-term correction," David Shairp, global strategist at JPMorgan Asset Management in London, wrote in a report to clients today. "The case for risk assets has become finely balanced."
The FTSE 100 remains 5.8 percent higher this year after the European Union agreed a $61 billion aid package to help Greece tackle the region's biggest budget deficit and the U.S. Federal Reserve pledged to maintain record-low interest rates for an extended period to secure the economic recovery. Shairp says his team remains "overweight" equities and expects them to outperform bonds, according to today's report.
BA, EasyJet
British Airways fell 1.4 percent to 231.7 pence after saying it sees about 15 to 20 million pounds per day in lost revenue from the volcanic ash cloud disruption, together with costs incurred from supporting passengers. EasyJet declined 1 percent to 473 pence, while Ryanair Holdings Plc retreated 4.1 percent to 3.729 euros.
As many as 63,000 flights have been canceled after the April 14 eruption at the Eyjafjallajökull volcano spewed dust across Europe, causing airports from Dublin to Moscow to shutter. U.K. airspace will remain restricted until at least 1:00 a.m. tomorrow, flight-control authority National Air Traffic Services said.
The combined daily loss in revenue for EasyJet, Ryanair, BA, Air-France KLM Group, Deutsche Lufthansa AG and Iberia Lineas Aereas de Espana SA is now about 120 million euros ($161 million) to 140 million euros a day, UBS AG analysts wrote in a report to clients today.
TUI Travel fell 1.2 percent to 288.2 pence. The company said as of yesterday it had about 100,000 customers who are unable to return home from vacations following closure of northern European airports. Thomas Cook, Europe's second-biggest tour operator, dropped 1.6 percent to 256.9 pence.
Mining Companies
Kazakhmys, Kazakhstan's biggest copper miner, dropped
1.6 percent to 1,474 pence and Antofagasta retreated 1.7 percent to 983 pence. Copper slid for a third day in London as investors shied away from riskier assets after U.S. regulators sued Goldman Sachs for alleged fraud.
Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc gained 4.4 percent to
50.4 pence, rising for a fourth day. The bank is weighing whether to sue Goldman Sachs Group Inc. for an $800 million loss tied to a structured debt product, the Financial Times reported, without citing anyone for the information.
Arriva Plc rallied 3.3 percent to 760.5 pence after confirming it is in "advanced discussion" with Deutsche Bahn AG, Germany's state railway, about a possible cash offer of 775 pence per share.


text:
4 Reviews
yum I think is tastes so nice where did you get the recipe from ? or who did you get it from? it was very easy to make and it handled well. what sort wine do you suggest for it like with after noon tea.
Well Julesong, glad you never got around to altering this recipe, it's wonderful just the way it is, especially if you are a garlic lover like myself and family. The cooking mellows the garlic, try it, you might like it. Thanks for sharing. Lee
This is a very old recipe. It is kourambiedes and the clove is very important. It adds a lot to the cookie. You simply remove the clove before eating. We Greeks like to think it originated from us, but then the Lebanese and Turks think they own this recipe too. Nobody knows, but it melts in your mouth. I will have to submit my version of this cookie too.
aren't these cookies called ~ KOURAMBIEDES ?


text:
...I try to give them the benefit of the doubt, but sometimes I'm not sure if they mean to imply that I'm harming N.
Last night, while we were doing our goodnight routine with N, he had a couple bradys. This isn't unusual, it's just a phase he's going through right now: he'll be fine most of the day but then have several bradys over the course of 6 hours or so. But...our goodnight routine is that I push N's 11 o'clock feeding through his orogastric tube while DH reads him a story.
When his nurse for the night (we hadn't had her before, so I don't know her well) came over to check on him after the second brady, she checked his mouth to see if he was bringing up milk or sputum. His mouth was full, so she suctioned him. She then said to me that sometimes they spit up more when you push the feeding rather than letting the pump deliver it because the flow varies more when it's hand-delivered.
I'm almost certain she was just trying to explain what was going on in order to help us feel normal and like we can predict N's events. But I felt AWFUL, and was so paranoid about stressing N out for the rest of his feeding that I really couldn't enjoy it the way I normally do.


text:
The governing board of the George Bush Presidential Library Foundation has announced the appointment of one of its members, Baylor Law School alumnus Frederick D. McClure, to succeed Ambassador Roman Popadiuk who is retiring as executive director after 13 years of service. The McClure appointment takes effect July 1.
"Barbara and I are grateful to have a close and respected friend like Fred take the reins of our foundation and help guide it into the future," said President Bush. "In so doing, he follows another trusted friend, Roman Popadiuk, who has so selflessly and ably served as our executive director since 1999. The gratitude in my heart to both of these good men knows no bounds."
McClure, 58, served in consecutive presidential administrations advising President Ronald Reagan and President George H. W. Bush on legislative affairs as a senior member of the White House staff. His public service also includes Legislative Director to US Senator John Tower, Associate Deputy US Attorney General, Chairman of the Board of Visitors of the United States Naval Academy, and a member of the National Civil Aviation Review Commission and the Secretary of Energy's Advisory Board.
A 1981 graduate of Baylor Law School, McClure is presently the Washington, D.C. managing partner for the international law firm, SNR Denton -- one of the 25 largest legal service providers in the world, with lawyers and professionals in more than 60 locations in 43 countries on four continents. He previously served as a managing shareholder of Winstead Sechrest & Minick, as managing director of Public Strategies Incorporated, and as staff vice president of Texas Air Corporation.
McClure graduated from Texas A&M in 1976 with an undergraduate degree in agricultural economics after serving as student body president and receiving the Brown-Rudder Outstanding Student Award. In 1991, the University named him its 115th Distinguished Alumnus. In 1995, Governor George W. Bush appointed McClure to a six-year term on Texas A&M's Board of Regents, where he served two years as vice chairman. He has also served as Vice President of the Texas A&M University Association of Former Students and as a member of the Board of Directors of the 12th Man Foundation.
"In every venue in his life and career, Fred has moved into the position of leadership," said Baylor Law Dean Brad Toben. "This is yet another recognition of his intellect, savvy and experience in dealing in high profile and complex matters involving many constituencies and interests. The Foundation will be well served by this talented and committed Baylor Lawyer of whom we are so proud."
A native of San Augustine, Texas, McClure and his wife, Harriet, have two children.


text:
Traversal Dress
- Size
Product Actions
VPL—shorthand for "visible panty line"—designs body-consciousness separates with a sexiness that's meant to be seen. Here, VPL styles a sheath with the look of a form-fitting scuba suit. Crafted of of dense techno-knit tailored in curvilinear panels, the sporty cap-sleeve dress is finished with an exposed industrial zipper at shoulder seam. Keep the focus on you by wearing it with bare legs and black booties.
- Jersey and micro-dot knit
- Slim fit, curved contrast-panel construction, jewel neckline
- 35" shoulder to hem
- Zipper at shoulder
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- Made in U.S.
- Polyester/Spandex™; combo: cotton/nylon/elastane
- Dry clean
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text:
Return to SwingLifeStyle.com The Swingers Home Page
There are a total of 11615 Pass A Grille swingers, within 100 miles.
The list below is a subset of the swingers in the Pass A Grille area.
Create a free swingers account so you can see and write to them all.
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We like 4 in bed
wanting to have a threesome
looking to be enjoyed with others
Submission South Beach this weekend!
Fun times with like minded female or couple
Ultimate Dreams
Exploring new ideas
Like to meet new friends for all kind of fun
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attractive, educated, professional and discreet long-term couple now curious to explore
new and eager to play. secure loving couple. No single Men!!!! NO SINGLE MEN!!!!!! COUPLES ONLY!!!!!
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Accordingly, neither this site nor the contents contained herein are covered by the record-keeping provisions of 18 USC 2257(a)-(c).
Disclaimer: This website contains adult material. You must be over 18 to enter or 21 were applicable by law.
All Members are over 18 years of age.
Terms of Use Privacy Policy


text:
Many thanks to Dorothy and Walt for having us at their home. It is nice to be able to stay at a residence that really welcomes you. We always stay here whenever we are in the area because we feel comfortable and enjoy our talks around the breakfast table each morning. As usual, the food is varied and delicious. We will be back.
Problem with this review?


text:
Current Issue
By Carol Spencer, RHIA, CCS, CHDA
Discharge Summary
Admission date: 6/3/11
Discharge date: 6/6/11
Discharge diagnoses: Complicated UTI with E. coli improved at discharge. Atrial fibrillation, continue medication at nursing home. Multiple sclerosis, continue same orders at nursing home, neurogenic bladder with bladder spasm, worked up by consultant, changed Foley. Hypertension: continue maintenance medication per nursing home medication orders.
Code Assignments
ICD-9-CM Codes
ICD-9-CM Descriptions
ICD-10-CM/PCS Codes
ICD-10-CM/PCS Descriptions
Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal prosthetic device, implant, or graft, due to indwelling catheter. "Use additional code to identify infection."
T83.51 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to prosthetic device, implant, or graft urinary system.
Check seventh digit options, which are as follows: A-initial encounter, D-subsequent encounter, and S-sequela. Since the patient has a chronic indwelling catheter, D was assigned as seventh digit. "x" placed in sixth holding position. Direction "Use additional code to identify infection" D: subsequent.
Urinary tract infection, site not specified. "Use additional code to identify organism."
Urinary tract infection, site not specified. "Use additional code to identify infectious agent."
Escherichia coli [E. coli]
Escherichia coli [E. coli] as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere
Atrial fibrillation
Essential hypertension, unspecified
Essential (primary) hypertension
Do not code 596.9 (spastic) is a non-essential modifier; in the alphabetic index: neurogenic, bladder (spastic); therefore not coded separately.
Do not code N33 (bladder disorders in diseases classified elsewhere). Excludes 1 note indicates neurogenic bladder and instructs coder that only one code is necessary; therefore do not code N33, report N31.9.
Neurogenic bladder, NOS
Neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder, unspecified: "Use additional code to identify any urinary incontinence."
Multiple sclerosis
Insertion of indwelling urinary catheter
Foley catheter change. Procedure alpha index: change, device, urethra.
Go to OT2DX. In the tabular:
O: Medical-surgical
T: Urinary system
2: Change
D: Urethra
X: External
O: Drainage device
Z: No qualifier
Carol Spencer is a senior healthcare consultant with MedLearn, Inc., St. Paul, MN, and an AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer.
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text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: Sep 01st, 2000
Running Time: 116
Director: Michael Raven
Company: Puritan Video
Cast: Bunny Luv, Vivianne, Evan Stone, Adrianna Sage, Nacho Vidal, J.J. Michaels, Sophie Evans, Steve (I), Toni Ribas, Lita, Chandler (I), Jessica Drake
Critical Rating: AAA 1/2
Genre: All-Sex
Hardcore suitable for both singles and couples.
All six scenes in the latest volume of this top-notch line have their masturbation-inducing moments, but director Michael Raven most definitely saves his best stuff for last.
Take scene five, for instance. Blond, blue-eyed, leggy Sophie Evans will launch a thousand woodies merely teasing the camera in a black PVC bikini and monster spikes. The fact that she then frenetically fucks some stud is all the better. Evans is followed by a very nasty piece of porn poontang named Lita. When the statuesque filly soon thereafter gets down to the business of balling, she reveals herself to be a dirty-talker of the first order.
Of the tape's first four couplings, meanwhile, the most memorable moments come care of Chandler as she chokes and lunges into Bunny Luv's mouth while fucking her with an imposing piece of hardware.


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With 5 par 5s, players eye scoring chances at Web.com Tour's Utah Championship
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News
SANDY — The Web.com Tour's Utah Championship returns to Willow Creek Country Club this week as players jockey for PGA Tour cards with only seven sanctioned events remaining.
With action getting underway Thursday morning and finishing on championship Sunday, new qualifying exemptions grant players cards for the 2013-14 season on the PGA Tour for finishing in the top 25 on the money list. This year, the purse increased to $625,000, buffing the first-place payout from $99,000 in 2012 to $112,500.
Edward Loar, who currently sits second on the money list with $263,858 in earnings this season, is beginning to play the best golf of his career at the right moment in time.
"I've been playing pretty well all year," Loar said. "Coming into most of these events I feel like I'm in pretty good shape. I'm coming off two weeks of rest, so I ought to be in a pretty good frame of mind."
Willow Creek features a unique five par-5 track, and with the altitude projecting farther drives than average, players typically expect to shoot low scores.
"I think coming out here you feel you should be able to generate some scoring chances," Loar said. "I mean there's a few holes you've got to pay attention (to), but anytime you've got that many par 5s and if you drive the ball well, you ought to be able to reach all of them. That's probably one of the reasons I like playing around here."
Loar sits leads the Web.com Tour in eagles per hole, birdie average, scoring average and all-around ranking.
The last two times the tour stopped at Willow Creek, players competed in overcast weather. That, however, won't the case this year, with three of the four days expected to reach in the high 90s.
"Anytime you get heat like that it becomes a little more a grind. I think where it affects guys — I don't think physically; walking 18 holes isn't that big of a deal — (but) you might get mentally fatigued and for golfers that's kind of a bigger deal anyway," Loar said. "I think everyone this time of the year is prepared for that. It will certainly make the course a little bit different."
Michael Putnam enters as the money leader and is the only player in the field that can earn a promotion with another win after already cashing two first-place checks this season. Putnam won the Utah Championship in 2010 and finished second in 2012.
Last year, he maintained a four-stroke, 54-hole lead but ended up shooting a 3-over-part 74 on Sunday and ultimately lost by one stroke to Doug LaBelle II.
"The guy has obviously been playing great golf," Loar said. "He's been on the leaderboard pretty much every week and then finishing them off with two wins. He's in a great spot, and it's certainly nice to tee it up when you're in his position. It's a lot easier to play."
Web.com Tour Utah Championship
Willow Creek Country Club
Thursday morning tee times
Tee No. 1
7 a.m.- Rafael Echenique, David Lipsky, Kevin Foley
7:10- Kevin Kisner, Dusty Fielding, Gavin Coles
7:20- Jsaon Gore, Ryan Spears, Kyle Reifers
7:30- Steve Wheatcroft, Richard Scott, Jonathan Hodge
7:40- Vince Covello, Brice Garnett, Alex Prugh
7:50- Peter Lonard, Will Wilcox, Camilo Benedetti
8- Marco Dawson, Billy Hurley III, Chad Collins
8:10- Philip Pettitt, Jr., Aaron Goldberg, Sam Saunders
8:20- Mark Anderson, Hunter Haas, Eric Axley
8:30- Matias O'Curry, Matt Hendrix, Derek Fathauer
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Reno Family Photographer
Thanks for visiting Pierson Photo Company! My name is Sam Pierson and I am glad you're here. I live in Salt Lake City, UT with my husband and our two year old son. I love my family, baby gap and a good sun flare. We travel to our home town in Reno, NV often. I look forward to capturing your moments, whether it be your senior year, engagement, wedding, baby belly, your sweet newborn or just some good ol' family fun! When you're ready, give me a call or shoot me an e-mail. Thanks for stopping by!
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Topic: Glass
Google Says 'No' to Advertising on Glass
Monetization remains a mystery as first headsets ship to developers
By Maura McGowan on Apr. 18, 2013 - 10:03 AM EDT
Google has banned Glass app developers from placing advertising in the device's display, the BBC reported. Google released a guide this week for developers making applications, or "Glassware," for the smart glasses.…


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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) - Call it a Gator graveyard.
The University of Florida wants to build a columbarium on its
Gainesville campus.
That's a structure with niches for the ashes of alumni - but there's a catch.
Without the blessing of state lawmakers, the idea itself is dead.
A bill that would keep the project alive passed its first committee Wednesday.
Right now, to build a columbarium the university would have to
be licensed as a cemetery.
But the state's oldest and largest university wouldn't qualify because new Florida cemeteries have to have a minimum of 30 acres set aside for burials.


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Search rates and availability at over 550 partner hotels, through our DISCOVERY loyalty program.
Book your hotel stay easily online or change/cancel an existing reservation. You can also make reservations for any of our hotels or resorts via telephone 817-567-9445, or by contacting your travel professional.
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Looking to elevate your personal fitness program or to jump start a lifestyle change; private fitness will be customized to suit your goal. Our Alpine Express massage will then release any tension, stress and will improve your circulation. Invigorate your skin with our signature O2 facial with cutting-edge Atoxelene treatment that will dramatically smooth, tighten and plump the skin. Finish your journey with a snack of seasonal fruits and yogurt from our seasonal spa menu.
Renew your spirit by sloughing away dull and tired skin and then surrender to a massage of long flowing strokes. Refresh your skin by giving it a healthy glow and kiss of a chocolaty spray tan color of your choice. Finish your journey with a snack of Edamame from our seasonal spa menu.
Indulge yourself with a 60 minute massage to either induce a deep state of relaxation or to ease excessive stress. Once in a deep state of relaxation, your skin will be transformed by a purifying treatment of an exfoliating peel to remove dull skin and a deep cleansing mask of botanical extract rejuvenates and nourishes the skin. Once your body is pampered, enjoy an Express Nail Grooming for your over-worked hands and feet. Finish your journey with a snack of Hummus or a salad from our seasonal spa menu.
Ute, which means 'land of the sun', were very respectful of nature and its resource's bountiful offerings which made for a fruitful existence. The environment as well as animals, water, and plants are a principle element to the spiritual power of its people.
Purifying, cleansing, and replenishing, this ritual begins with a hot salt soak to wash away heavy intentions; complimented with a warm red clay body wrap to detoxify and improve circulation. While wrapped, relax with a hot oil scalp treatment to quiet mental stress, and then rejuvenate the physical well-being with a nourishing Shea butter full body massage blended with hints of vanilla, sandalwood, and grapefruit. A deeply healing foot and hand treatment compliments your journey and breathes new life into the body and soul.
This ritual begins with a rich full body exfoliation to slough away dull and tired, dry skin. Hibernate in a restful, hydrating body wrap of warmed Shea butter infused with essences of sandalwood, frankincense, and Siberian fir inducing a deep meditative state to begin a complete restoration. Finish with a tension relieving sacred stone massage to awaken the mind, body, and spirit leaving you feeling completely renewed. Your journey is completed with an offering of a plume in a cedar bowl positioned on the East side of the room symbolizing the release of personal burdens and starting anew.
Europe's only indigenous people, the Sami, date as far back as the Ice Age, nearly 9,600 years ago. Originally hunters and fishermen, the Sami took up reindeer herding in the 16th century. Although this is the most revered tradition in the Sami culture, handcrafts ('duodji') and language are also significant to the Sami way of life.
An introduction of Nordic music to open energy pathways in the body begins this unique ritual. Detoxify the body with a gentle exfoliation, followed by an herbal aromatherapy bath. The body is then massaged in concert to traditional Joik music with Arctic Birch Oil and rose porphyry stones. Each of the 'botestenar' (healing stones) reflects energy, purpose, clearing and releasing. This ritual promotes a tranquility and balance of the body and soul never before experienced.
Asia is rich in traditions and values, and deeply rooted in family and the home. The impact of Eastern philosophy and religion is a prominent influence throughout Thailand, Indonesia, China, and Japan. Festivals and celebrations are also integral to Asian culture and history as well as art, music, and literature.
'Misogi' meaning ritual purification with water, has spiritual significance in Japanese culture. Dating back to 737 C.E., the Izumo Fudoki or 'records of wind and earth' describe the life and customs of people using hot springs for bathing, healing, and to increase the body's metabolism.
This ritual begins with an invigorating sea salt and lemongrass body scrub followed by a cool water rinse to increase lymphatic flow. A detoxifying Shea Butter masque infused with nourishing wasabi extract, seaweed and red pepper is then applied and the body enveloped to stimulate circulation and eliminate excess fluids allowing for a gentle detoxification. A waterfall of alternating hot and cold water pours over the body to further stimulate the circulatory system and improve immune deficiencies. Steaming herbal compresses are applied to remove toxins and enhance therapeutic intention. Finally, decongest the body while releasing energy blockages through warm oil massage. Emerge from this ritual purification with renewed energy and overall well-being.
Beginning December 18th, 2015, Viceroy Snowmass will be the first property to offer ski-in/ski-out spa treatments. The treatments are designed specifically to invigorate guests to get back out on the slopes and finish the day (perfect for skiers/snowboarders who might only ski a few days a year, but who want to ski from bell to bell). The treatments run 30 minutes or less, and are aimed directly at reinvigorating skiers to get back on the slopes and finish the day. Executive Chef, Will Nolan, has also created a Mediterranean lunch menu solely available within the spa for the ski-in/ski-out treatments. Of course Viceroy Snowmass' spa is located steps from the slopes, so guests can actually ski right to the spa, and ski right to the Assay Hill lift following their treatments.
Perfect for the high altitude and parched skin, a deeply hydrating hand and foot therapy starts with warm Concreta and nourishing coconut oil that offers deep conditioning and protection for your hands and feet. This is the perfect choice for the guest who just came off of the Mountain for a break in skiing, rejuvenating and then hitting the slopes again.
Massage is one of the oldest healing arts dating back nearly 3,000 years ago according ancient Chinese records. Through the centuries the benefits of massage therapy have been proven to aid in chronic conditions such as back pain and fatigue, while relieving stress and tension due to the affects of our environment.
Perfect for the high altitude and parched skin, a deeply hydrating body quench using rich, warm Shea butter may be used during any massage to further enhance the therapeutic benefits of the treatment.
For centuries, the European spa experience has been centered on the practice of "Taking the Kur", a series of treatments that typically continue for ten to twenty days at a time, four times a year. Using natural resources such as thermal mineral salts, mud, essential oils and herbs, the "Kur" satisfies the body's craving for minerals and nutrients, leaving the skin re-mineralized and nourished, the mind relaxed and the body balanced.
A non-invasive alternative to surgical enhancements is the ultimate fusion of science and luxury. This treatment begins with and ultra-sonic exfoliation to soften and renew the skin. Then rejuvenate or brighten with a customized O2 Infusion to restore natural vitality and glow. A non-surgical facelift is then expertly performed for a more youthful appearance. Light therapy will then be utilized to promote the healing response in the skin and stimulate acupressure points in the face and neck. This comprehensive treatment leaves the skin completely revitalized and looking luminous. A series of ten applications over ten weeks is recommended to achieve optimum results.
This specific treatment delivers brightening and clarity for immediate luminosity. With this results-driven facial, the hands, face, neck, and décolleté are treated to effective formulas that even out skin texture and tone. Using a powerful blend of skin-illuminating botanicals and Acti-5 Brightening Complex, along with a multi-acid peel, a concentrated Vitamin C ampoule, and unique cooling masque with luminous rice, skin appears lighter, brighter and more refined.
Hyperbaric oxygen is applied directly to the skin's surface, cooling and calming the skin while restoring its natural vitality and glow. A complimentary oxygen inhalation therapy is included with this treatment; ideal for high altitudes. The results of the O2 Infusion continue to improve with repeated application. A series of six applications over six weeks is recommended to achieve optimum results.
This skin quenching treatment deeply infuses a cocktail of vitamins and antioxidants into the skin resulting in instant hydration, improved firmness, and a noticeable lift. Safe for all skin types even the most sensitive or stressed skin.
Super concentrated vitamin C and natural plant extracts safely and naturally treat the cause of uneven skin tone while revealing newfound luminosity and radiance.
This clarifying skin treatment refines the appearance of problem prone skin with the ultimate weapon against impurities and irritation while clearing build-up while leaving the skin clarified and refined. Also available for sensitive skin.
This facial treatment can effectively turn back the clock using the technology of micro-currents. Using advanced technology that re-educate the facial muscles, skin emerges with a firmer, more contoured and youthful appearance. The structural enhancements are most effective when performed in a series of ten applications.
This decadent, luxurious facial experience firms, tones, refines and deeply hydrates skin with protein rich Caviar and powerful antioxidants. A unique Marine Biomatrix Sheet provides intensive hydration to instantly restore radiance leaving skin looking supple, healthy and luminescent.
This results-oriented treatment is customized to address specific skin conditions including hyper pigmentation, congested skin, fine lines and pre-mature aging. Includes an exfoliating multi-acid or enzyme peel on the face, neck, décolleté and hands to renew the skin, a deep cleansing massage to promote circulation and a masque to balance and nourish the skin. A heated hand treatment completes the experience.
A purifying treatment for any skin type, this facial journey uses an arsenal of results-oriented holistic and natural therapies to address specific skincare needs. A gentle exfoliating peel removes dull surface skin while a luxurious massage, deep cleansing mask and botanical extracts rejuvenate and nourish the skin. A heated hand treatment completes the experience.
This express infusion offers your choice of Rejuvenate, Opulence, or Clarity treatments. For a lip and eye focused infusion, our cutting-edge Atoxelene treatment will dramatically smooth, tighten, and firm the eye contour and immediately plump and soften the lips. This facial may be further enhanced with one of our treatment boosters, Antioxidant+, Collagen+, Vitamin A+, or Vitamin C+3
Illuminate your body from head-to-toe with this results-driven treatment. A multi-active experience provides the ultimate in body exfoliation with a foaming Brightening Body Scrub, stimulating body buffing and radiant Brightening Body Peel. Ginger oil is coupled with Multi-Vitamin Firming Crème and massaged onto the body, using long, relaxing strokes with a focus on the back, shoulders and neck. A Brightening Masque on the décolleté and a mini facial completes this truly brightening experience.
Experience dramatic results with this natural skin conditioning treatment designed to correct inflammation, the primary cause of premature aging. An exfoliating Cherry herbal enzyme treatment removes dead surface cells and impurities while layering Plant Stem Cell Booster Serum improves the appearances of fine lines and wrinkles and improves skin smoothness and firmness.
A deep cleansing introductory facial based on organic Moor Mud which refines and rematerializes dull, lifeless skin. A skin analysis and short massage of the face and shoulders as well as a heated hand treatment are included in the facial journey. For optimal anti-aging benefits, upgrade your service with an Ultra-sonic Exfoliation enhancement. Extractions are not included in this facial experience.
The following can be added to any facial journey to enhance the experience and achieve optimum results.
In ancient China, the 4-inch "lotus foot" was considered a perfect sign of beauty. For ancient Egyptians, Romans and Persians, sparkling eyes were considered beautiful and a woman with a high forehead was considered beautiful in the Elizabethan era. Beauty care today is a billion dollar industry that continues to grow in U.S. and global markets.
This organic, odorless, and paraben-free spray tan is a safe way to give you healthy, glowing skin. Chocolaty color kisses the skin in a choice of three shades, Hawaii (light), Ecuador (medium), or Brazil (dark), drying almost on contact. In less than 15 minutes your skin will be perfectly bronzed and ready to go! This service may be enhanced with one of our exfoliation experiences.
This repairing hand treatment will sooth and restore softness to dry hands and brittle nails. After being perfectly cleansed, hands are soaked in intoxicating Lavender Blossom Oil and then gently exfoliated with an uplifting Rosemary Citron Sea Salt Scrub followed by a warm masque of Thai White Clay. The hands will recover with a hot stone massage while moisturizing Lemond Verbena Omega-3 hand cream hydrates the skin and fills the air with a delicate fragrance. A cuticle treatment and polish is also included in the experience.
Designed to soothe aching muscles, the feet are submerged in a warm bath of Sweet Birch sea salt, then exfoliate deserving heels and toes with a creamy Lemongrass Mimosa scrub. Relax while feet are wrapped in a warm masque of Thai White Clay combined with a Seaweed Gel to add brightness and moisture to the skin. Feel tension disappear as a steaming ginger compress is applied to the reflexology points on the feet and calves. Then revive the feet with a tingling deeply moisturizing Mighty Mint Rescue Cream. A cuticle treatment and polish is also included in the experience.
Ideal for gentlemen, this deeply healing foot therapy is perfect for excessively dry, rough and cracked skin. This treatment begins with an invigorating foot soak in thermal mineral salta enhanced with pure essential oils. Rough skin is then exfoliated with a creamy Eucalyptus sea salt scrub then soothed with a tension relieving hot stone massage featuring a natural foot balm rich in Menthol, Eucalyptus and Lavender.
Perfect for the high altitude and parched skin, a deeply hydrating hand and/or foot therapy may be experienced on its own or added to any of the above beautification, facial, or massage journeys to further enhance the therapeutic benefits of the treatment. Pure organic shea butter and nourishing coconut oil offer deep conditioning and protection for your hands and feet.
Hair Style/Blowout
*Please note that the above services are outsourced and available with a 24 hour booking notice and price is subject to change without notice.
*Guest must come to the spa with their hair washed/or wet or are welcomed to use the spa facilities prior to the blowout.
Rochelle Hitchcock - Massage Therapist
Rochelle is one of the lead therapists at Viceroy Snowmass. Rochelle is trained in many of the signature rituals, with her favorite being The Ute Sundance Ritual. Rochelle is a Licensed Massage Therapist in the state of Colorado. She completed her massage training in the year of 2005 at Colorado Institute of Massage Therapy. She is certified as a Neuromuscular Therapist from the International Academy of Neuromuscular Therapies in St. Petersburg, Florida. Rochelle has various massage techniques including deep tissue, swedish, holistic, trigger point and more. She draws on her own experience of being a mother and Colorado native which helps her have a better understanding of her clients' needs. Her goal is to help her client find harmony in their body, mind and spirit.
Ana Van Hook - Massage Therapist
Ana has been a nationally certified licensed massage therapist since 2005 and in 2008 she graduated with a Bachelors in Alternative Medicine. Ana has worked along side doctors, athletes, physical therapists, and dynamic spa teams. She developed a thorough knowledge of Swedish, light and deep tissue, Sports (pre/post event & recovery), CranioSacral, Thai, Hot Stone, Lomi Lomi, Oncology, Hydrotherapy, Pre/Post-natal care, Aromatherapy, and comprehensive body treatments including exfoliation, detoxification, toning, hydrating. Ana guides her clients to reconnect with their body's intuitive ability to heal by integrating these comprehensive techniques for a holistic experience. Ana enjoys hiking, camping, music, snowboarding, paddle boarding, scuba diving & traveling.
Afton Mclain- Esthetician
Afton was born and raised in the Aspen area where she grew up riding horses and snowboarding. She moved to San Francisco where she studied Interior Design at the Art Institute of California. Years later after some traveling in Central and South America, she returned to her home town where she decided to take her career in the new direction of skincare. Afton is a newly licensed Esthetician and is certified in microdermabrasion as well as advanced chemical peels. She spends most of her free time hiking with her dog, horseback riding, and snowboarding.
Jody Haring - Massage Therapist
Jody attended the Finger Lakes School of Massage in Ithaca New York, where she graduated in 2001. With over thirteen years of experience in luxury spas and muscular therapy clinics, Jody likes to incorporate Neuro-Muscular Therapy, Myo-Facia release, and relaxing Swedish into her treatments. She also received her Estheticians license in 2003 and enjoys helping guests achieve their skin care goals. When Jody is not practicing the art of massage or esthetics she spends her time snowboarding, rock climbing and traveling in France.
Kathryn Taylor - Massage Therapist
A graduate of the Aspen Massage Institute, Kat is grateful to have a career in a field that she loves and is passionate about. As someone who deeply values health and wellness, she lives a life very conscious of nurturing the mind-body-spirit connection and relationship. She is honored to be able to help others do the same through massage and energy work. With experience in a wide range of modalities, including Swedish, deep tissue, hot stone, trigger point, sports massage, and various forms of energy medicine, Kat integrates these practices to create a unique experience that caters to each individual's needs. Kat loves to spend her time hiking, dancing, doing yoga, gardening, making art, backpacking, snowboarding, traveling, learning, and connecting with friends and nature.


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Openning a png file in ubuntu, I can see the menu item for 'print to file'. How can I do the same on shell? PS: I prefer installing no extra package, due to lack of root access.
EDIT: the operating system is ubuntu 11.10
convert xyz.png xyz.pdf should do the trick.
convert xyz.png xyz.pdf
See man convert for more options.
man convert
echo *.png
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text: Two 3 kg physical science textbooks on a book shelf are separated by 0.15 m. What is the force of gravitational attraction between the books. I am having trouble with the math with this problem. I know how to work it up until a point where F = 2,668 * 10^-11 N. How does this get changed to 2.67 * 10^-8?