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Gasoline injection, ABS, ESP, sensors Examples of outstanding Bosch innovations Thirteen exceptional achievements from more than 100 years
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- October 09, 2015
- Research
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press release
1902: high-voltage magneto ignition system with spark plug
In the summer of 1901, Robert Bosch gave his colleague Gottlob Honold the brief of designing a magneto ignition system without the breakdown-prone break-spark rodding generally in use at that time. After just a few months, Honold presented his high-voltage magneto ignition system, based on what was known as electric arc ignition. By means of two coils on the armature, it generated a high-voltage current. This was conducted to a spark plug via a simple cable connection. The spark jumped the gap between its electrodes. This historic invention has shaped automotive design to this very day. No spark-ignition engine would run without an ignition system. Over the course of the decades, Bosch has refined ignition systems. Its Gasoline Systems division now manufactures modern ignition systems for a global market. In this way, Bosch plays a significant role in meeting legal emissions limits and fuel-efficiency targets, thus protecting the climate.
1927: diesel injection system for commercial vehicles
Around 1920, experts were vaunting the diesel engine as the powertrain of the future. Bosch was quick to latch on to this trend: diesel engines did not require any electric ignition, which was Boschs most important product at the time. This jeopardized the companys existence. In 1922, therefore, Bosch began developing injection pumps for diesel engines. The first diesel truck was rolled out in Germany in 1924, enabling engineers to test the new pumps under normal driving conditions. Bosch started production of in-line pumps and injection nozzles for trucks on November 30, 1927. Nowadays, modern diesel injection systems are indispensable in trucks. Nearly 100 percent of all trucks worldwide are powered by diesel. In the passenger car segment in Europe, this figure is some 50 percent of all newly registered vehicles. With its highly efficient common-rail systems, Bosch is one of the worlds leading suppliers of diesel injection systems.
1932: Bosch hand motor and Bosch hammer drill with impact mechanism
In 1930, Bosch engineers began developing hand-held tools for use in manufacturing. Their design was based on a hair trimmer. Featuring an integrated motor, the Bosch power tools could be flexibly put to use in production processes. They proved to be particularly useful in the production of diesel injection pumps. The company recognized the tools market potential, and from 1932 sold them to builders and tradespeople as well. The same year also saw the market launch of the Bosch hammer drill. The Bosch hammer was the forerunner of the companys heavy electric hammer drills used in the construction industry. Its impact mechanism, which the company developed and mass produced, proved its superiority over other designs in heavy continuous operation, and was soon in use worldwide. Today, the Bosch Groups Power Tools division is the global market leader for power tools, power-tool accessories, and measuring technology. And in 2015 as well, Power Tools will again launch more than 100 new products in its four areas of business: power tools, accessories, measuring technology, and garden tools.
1933: first refrigerator
In 1933, Bosch built the first refrigerator designed to be affordable for the general public. There were already electric refrigerators in the market, but they were so expensive that only wealthy people or businesses (e.g. grocery stores and restaurants) could afford them. The Bosch refrigerator cost 298 reichsmarks, which was far less expensive than the other popular models of the time. Today, Bosch is Europes most popular household-appliance brand, and continues to set trends worldwide for example, with a connected fridge featuring integrated cameras which allow shoppers to check online whether there are still tomatoes in the fridge.
1953: hydraulic plow lift
In Europe at the start of the 1950s, farming still involved a lot of manual work. Any technology consisted in replacing draught animals with tractors. It was here that Bosch focused its efforts: in what work processes could technology be used to reduce the burden on people? The first thing Bosch came up with was a plow lift. It used a motor mounted on the tractor to assume the heavy work of lifting and lowering the plow. The basic idea was to connect a hydraulic system comprising pump, oil tank, control unit, cylinder, and pressure lines to the engine. Suddenly, what had been a strenuous task became childs play. A gentle pull on the control lever was enough. The pump used the power from the engine, transferring it to the work cylinder, which used the pressure lines to determine the position of the plow. Engine oil was used to transmit force in the pressure lines. The plow lift was the birth of mobile hydraulics at Bosch. In 2001, this area was pooled with the competence of the industrial technology company Rexroth. Today, Bosch Rexroth is one of the globally leading suppliers of drive and control technology, helping to move machinery and plant of all sizes.
1967: Jetronic electronic gasoline-injection system
In 1959, Bosch began developing an electronically controlled gasoline injection system. When this system, called Jetronic, was launched in 1967, it was the first mass-produced system of its kind in the world. Nowadays, efficient injection systems are indispensable for modern cars. Boschs gasoline direct injection goes from strength to strength.
1978: ABS antilock braking system
The success story of ABS began in 1978 with the start of production of the first electronically controlled four-wheel antilock braking system for passenger cars. It was a development Bosch engineers had been working on for nine years. Their pioneering technical approach formed the basis of all modern braking control systems. If the wheels lock up, ABS reduces brake pressure then increases it again up to 40 times a second. This keeps braking distances short, even on slippery surfaces, and the vehicle remains steerable. Today, all new cars in the EU are sold with ABS. For motorcycles, the EU has mandated the system for all new type approvals from 2016. Since 1978, more than 190 million ABS systems have been manufactured at Bosch.
1985: Junkers/Bosch combined heating and hot water boiler with condensing technology
The most important heating technology innovation of the 1980s was the introduction of the wall-mounted gas-fired condensing boiler in Germany. Hugo Junkers had described the principle behind this technology as early as 1894. The eponymous company he founded was the origin of todays Bosch Thermotechnology division. The technology reuses the waste heat in exhaust gas. This waste heat is fed back into the heating circuit, thus considerably increasing efficiency without increasing consumption. Condensing technology has become established in many European countries, and will become the de facto standard in the EU from September 2015. Bosch innovations are further increasing the efficiency of heating technology. The SolarInside control unit, for example, optimizes the interplay of condensing boiler and solar thermal system. With sales revenue of more than 3 billion euros, Bosch Thermotechnology is a leading European manufacturer of energy-efficient heating products and hot-water solutions.
1995: micromechanical sensors (MEMS) in mass production
In the 1980s, Bosch worked on making sensors smaller, more reliable, and more energy-efficient ever more sensor data was needed for increasingly sophisticated cars. The previous manufacturing process called wet etching was no longer suitable for these tiny sensors. A Bosch research team thus invented plasma etching, which in the industry is now known as the Bosch process. When it started mass production in 1995, Bosch laid the foundation stone for this modern technology. Its current portfolio includes acceleration, yaw, mass-flow, pressure, and environmental sensors, as well as microphones. The company took 13 years to manufacture its first billion MEMS sensors. Nowadays, at its modern wafer fab in Reutlingen, near Stuttgart, the Bosch Automotive Electronics division manufactures the same quantity in less than year. Today, more than four million sensors are manufactured every day. On average, these tiny helpers are between one and four millimeters thick. Bosch is the worlds leading supplier of MEMS sensors.
1995: ESP electronic stability program
Using smart sensors, ESP compares 25 times per second whether the car is actually moving in the direction that the driver is steering it in. If an analysis of these data indicates that a dangerous and uncontrollable situation is imminent (e.g. skidding), ESP intervenes immediately. By reducing engine torque and deliberately braking each wheel individually, the system helps the driver stabilize the vehicle and prevent skidding accidents. Since being launched in 1995, ESP has prevented 190,000 accidents and saved more than 6,000 lives across Europe. In Europe, more than 80 percent of all new vehicles are now fitted with this safety system, while the worldwide figure is some 60 percent. Bosch is the worlds leading supplier, and celebrates a milestone this year: it will soon have sold 150 million ESP systems since production began 20 years ago.
2008: ultrashort pulse lasers used in production
Using precisely controlled, ultrashort laser pulses, extremely hard materials can be very accurately machined. Bosch has been driving forward development in this area for many years, and together with several partners in industry and academia, succeeded in making this technology market-ready. Finally, Bosch succeeded in achieving a world first namely, operating the laser in the machines it developed in-house so precisely that reliable mass production was possible, with all the associated benefits. This technology was put to initial use in the manufacture of lambda sensors. Today, one of the ways Bosch uses ultrashort laser pulses is to drill the extremely fine nozzles in the injection valves of its gasoline direct injection system. This allows fuel to be distributed even better in the combustion chamber. The result is a fuel saving of as much as 20 percent in gasoline engines, and lower emissions.
2015: smart mowing 2.0 with the Indego 1 200 Connect
The unique, tried-and-tested LogiCut navigation system ensures that the Indego 1 200 Connect robotic lawnmower mows efficiently along parallel lines. This enables it to mow the same lawn area at least 30 percent faster than robotic lawnmowers that mow at random. Using a smartphone app, the lawnmower can be simply and conveniently operated from anywhere. The app computes the best time for the next cut. To do so, it uses a complex algorithm as well as information about environmental conditions such as temperature and precipitation. Using this web-based weather forecast, Indego Connect mows the lawn when the conditions are right: not too hot, not too wet, and not too cold.
Contact person for press inquiries:
Thilo Resenhoeft, Phone: +49 711 811-7088
Back to overview
The Bosch Group is a leading global supplier of technology and services. It employs roughly 375,000 associates worldwide (as of December 31, 2015). The company generated sales of 70.6 billion euros in 2015. Its operations are divided into four business sectors: Mobility Solutions, Industrial Technology, Consumer Goods, and Energy and Building Technology. The Bosch Group comprises Robert Bosch GmbH and its roughly 440 subsidiaries and regional companies in some 60 countries. Including sales and service partners, Boschs global manufacturing and sales network covers some 150 countries. The basis for the companys future growth is its innovative strength. Bosch employs 55,800 associates in research and development at 118 locations across the globe. The Bosch Groups strategic objective is to deliver innovations for a connected life. Bosch improves quality of life worldwide with products and services that are innovative and spark enthusiasm. In short, Bosch creates technology that is Invented for life.
PI9036 - October 09, 2015
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Thilo Resenhoeft+49 711 811-7088 Send Email


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The first round of the three-round District 2-5A boys district golf tournament is scheduled for today at the Ross Rogers Golf Complex.
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Foods That Might Help With RA continued...
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A very creative idea, and something I'm surprised never did show up in Star Trek. While there were references, we never did see the equivalent of passenger ships much less airplanes in the series.
I suppose the Pan Am appearance in 2001 may have caused them to avoid that idea.
Actually commercial company freight and transport services WERE mentioned in classic Star Trek. If you recall, The Conscience of the King (s1 ep13) mentions that Anton Karidian and his troupe of performers are using them, and in order to get them to use the U.S.S. Enterprise (NCC-1701) instead, the chief of a Federation Starbase contacts one such transport captain and makes sure that he misses their pick-up. Although it is true that we never see such vessels on screen, they obviously exist.
Most of the cargo ship references were more along the lines of "tramp steamers" than luxury liners / airplanes. You could transport cargo or raw material - I believe the Charlie X featured an ore carrier. And those ships could and did transport passengers.
I agree that they must exist. In a way it is a shame we never got to see more of them. It would have opened up several new story areas for the Enterprise to have been seen.


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Classics in Translation
It has long been my habit to try to read something from the classical tradition of Catholic theology each day (I do not always manage to do this if truth be known). Recently I have been reading early each morning some of the shorter treatises of Saint Bonaventure in a new volume from the Franciscan Institute (located at Saint Bonaventure's University) which is volume #10 of the Works of Bonaventure with the subtitle of "Writings on the Spiritual Life." It is not my intention to talk about Bonaventure here but simply to note the vast resources available to educated readers who make use of the splendid works made available to us over the past decades. The "Classics of Western Spirituality" (Paulist Press) continue to pour forth volumes as they have since 1978. The Carmelites, through their publishing arm known as ICS, have given us splendid primary works and ancillary studies on the Carmelite tradition as has Cistercian Publications (now published through Liturgical Press). New City Press, among other projects, is giving us an absolutely wonderful body of the writings of Saint Augustine. Other such venues could be noted like the handy little patristic volumes coming from Saint Vladimir's Seminary Press. What strikes me is how recent it is that we could have at hand such resources in reliable translations. While there is much talk (some of it idle) about the loss of Catholic roots after Vatican II, the flourishing of such publications, often inspired by religious communities, is one small sign that at least one desire of the great giants like Danielou, Chenu, and DeLubac of the pre-conciliar period is alive and well, namely, that ressourcement which permits us to go back to those wellsprings of our common heritage and be nourished by their wisdom.
About the Author
Lawrence Cunningham is John O'Brien professor of Theology (Emeritus) at the University of Notre Dame.
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Mention should also be made of the translation efforts antedating Vatican II, namely the series Ancient Christian Writers and The Fathers of the Church: a New Translation. I don't know the publication history of either for sure, but I suspect from editorial boards and imprimaturs that both were connected with The Catholic University in Washington. Volumes of both are not infrequently available for reasonable prices in the used book trade.I note that the head of the editorial board of Fathers of the Church was Roy J Deferrari, whom I have always regarded with affection because I may be the only person alive who has sort of read his 1915 Princeton dissertation, and because in addition to his massive patristic labors in texts, translations, and concordances he left us the massive and very useful concordance to Ovid of all people. He also produced a volume of autobiography in the mid-60s called A Layman in Catholic Education, His Life and Times, as if that must have made him an anomaly in his times. Unfortunately never seen it.But in all honesty I don't know of anything in the English speaking world to compare to the French Editions du Cerf, who publish among other things the Sources Chretiennes series (founded, I believe, in the 40's by DeLubac and Danielou) which can also be thoroughly recommended to anyone who can read French (or Latin, Greek, or Syriac). I have this fantasy of an equivalent English/American addition to the growing number of bilingual series such as I Tatti and the Clay Sanskrit library that would cover Patristics and some of the great Medievals.
I was aware of both those series (published via Catholic University) - I have some of the volumes in my own library but many of them are now being retranslated with more up to date bibliographies although they continue to issue new volumes. Paulist now distributes them began to appear in the early 1940s as a primary instrument of "Ressourcement>. I use our library's copy because they are very expensive as I found out a few years ago when I went to in Paris originally intending to pick up a few volumes.Thanks for the reply.
If one looks at the Editions du Cerf website occasionally the Sources Chretiennes sometimes go on sale for a nice discount.I really had the delusion that some wealthy DotCommonweal reader would be moved to fund an American equivalent.
Last spring all of the volumes in the "Sources chretiennes" series were on sale for 50% off. It was so tempting!
Some years ago, CUA received a challenge grant for starting a series of bi-lingual texts from the early Christian centuries. We find it nearly impossible to interest wealthy Catholics in supporting the venture. Here, however, is one of the announcements that have gone out: You will see that it intends something like the "Sources chretiennes" series, whose publications were once not all that expensive.The Library of Early Christianity, founded by a challenge grant of the NEH and with the support of many members of the NAPS, solicits new texts/translations of patristic works of all genres and languages. We intend to publish documentary and literary works of early Christianity in affordable, up-to-date, bi-lingual editions accompanied by historical introductions and some critical and explanatory notes. We are especially interested in works that are not easily available elsewhere. For a copy of the editorial guidelines and for any other information, please contact: Dr. J. Petruccione, Editorial Director, the LEC, The Dept. of Greek and Latin, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 20064. Tel.: 202-319-5216; e-mail: [email protected].
Thanks to all who responded to the post. I am happy to hear what CUA intends to do. I have some second hand copies of SC. It is really hearteing to know how many good resources are now available and/or are in the planning stage.
I am also grateful to the other people in this brief discussion.I have to add that the cover designs of the Classics of Western Spirituality series are one of my guilty pleasures. Perhaps others find them off-putting. Also, hasn't this series broadened the definition of "Western" to include Islamic and Native-American spirituality? More power to 'em, particularly from the standpoint of one who grew up in the tradition of native American baroque art in California.Father Komonchak's second post seemed to imply that one could find a prospectus online for the wished-for Library of Early Christianity, but all I could find was an e-mail address for Dr. Petruccione -- is there a way to find out more without bothering him?I'm afraid that the social-economic determinants of (originally Classical) scholarship is one of my old hobby horses -- does anyone know who paid for the pre-Vatican II series like Fathers of the Church, which apparently had some connection with Catholic University but an independent corporate existence based in New York? One thing that puzzles me in general is that CUA seems to have a low profile in the American Catholic pecking-order, but everyone I've met who studied there, and their record of publications and sponsored research, seem exemplary.By the way, on the cost of SC, anyone who is used to buying volumes of scholarship with an apparatus criticus is likely to think that their prices are pretty reasonable -- compare recent Oxford classical editions that run well over $100. At one time classicists were spoiled because the British educational system subsidized the printing of texts but those days are long gone.
I am annoyed at this adulation of De Lubac. His book on Origen, Histoire et Esprit, is far less instructive than Richard Hanson's Allegory and Event, because De Lubac was too much of an ideologue. He glorifies allegory and the sensus plenior, and this is one of the reasons for the regressive attitude to Scripture now prevailing in Vatican circles.
Italian bilingual editions are much better value than Sources Chrietiennes -- all the discourse of Gregory Nazianzen in one huge tome, for example, as opposed to the nine volumes in SChr. And cheap, too.
I don't know enough about DeLubac to adulate him one way or the other, but I remain impressed with the publishing enterprise he and Danielou were behind, and grateful to him for pointing to sources that were little used in the Church of his time.From my perspective the great advantage of SC is that there is an Amazon France and not an Amazon Italy that I know of. What is the range of the Italian bilinguals? The sheer variety of writings available in SC is pretty astonishing, and people far better qualified than I to judge speak highly of their scholarly apparatus and overall standards. In Classical scholarship at any rate Italian editions tend to vary much more widely in quality, from the heights (the Fondazione Lorenzo Valla Herodotus and Homer) to the depths (no names supplied).


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Chat with Stephania Bell
Welcome to SportsNation! On Friday morning, fantasy injury expert Stephania Bell will stop by to discuss all things injury related. If you have a question on any athletes' sprains, breaks, tears, any injury related question, ask Stephania!
Send your questions now and join Bell Friday at 11 a.m. ET!
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Stephania Bell (11:04 AM)
Good Morning Sports Nation and Happy Friday. Let's get to your injury questions - I can see that many of you are asking about the same things that have me concerned this week. Let's get to it...
Tom (MN)
Anything new on Quentin? Is he progressing at all? Will he be back after the All-Star break or close to it?
Stephania Bell (11:07 AM)
Hi Tom: Congrats on being the first to the show... I think you could say that Quentin has progressed to some degree since he is doing some running. It's just that what he appears to be doing is a far cry from what he needs to do to play. Straight line running, light agility drills. Don't think his foot is close to out of the woods. I'm sure it will be post-All Star Break, but don't know yet how long post. All depends on whether he has a setback along the way. I'd guess late July right now.
Eric (Miami, FL)
Any reason to expect B.Webb to pitch this year?
Stephania Bell (11:09 AM)
No. To be right to the point. And I didn't think I'd be saying that. But he has had several setbacks to the point that there has to be something that's keeping him from being able to progress - and now the plan is for him to consult with 3 specialists - all top orthopedic surgeons including Andrews who he's seen before. But it's sounding more and more like surgery - which means no chance this year.
Mike (Purdue)
John Smoltz! After seeing him pitch last night, do you think he has enough juice to start effectively the rest of the year or are we going to see Buchholz soon?
Stephania Bell (11:11 AM)
Mike: Give him a chance!! I watched him pitch last night and liked what I saw by the 5th inning. Remember, he hasn't pitched without pain in a year. It's going to take him a little bit to settle in - and he admitted to being anxious - first time with a new team, lots of eyes on him. But give him a few starts to sort out his delivery - and I think in the second half the Red Sox have a solid pitcher.
Dan (Boston MA)
Stephania: As players' treatment gets more and more sophisticated, your chats become more and more informative/enlightening. Thanks so much. My question's about Mike Lowell's condition: Apparently he's being put on some sort of maintenance program. Do you think this will be enough to keep him off the DL or is he going to see some down time this season?
Stephania Bell (11:14 AM)
Dan: You are so kind - and glad you're coming. Lowell is interesting b/c I think that more players NEED to be on a maintenance program after a major surgery such as this whether it's hip, shoulder, whatever. So often we think that once they're out of rehab and back in the lineup that they're "fixed" but many times they are still building endurance, still adjusting to their post-op feel, etc. Lowell has had some tightness in his hip (reasonable), may also be some fatigue. He's not the youngest guy in the lineup. And it's very reasonable for them to keep him on a program that includes rest days. I think if they can manage it effectively they can keep him off the DL. Never any guarantees - but they have a great medical staff up there who will be on top of it.
Jeff (Boston)
Ok, Evan Longoria's hammy is more frightening than Matt Berry's mugshot. Any new news?
Stephania Bell (11:16 AM)
Jeff: You made the cut just for humor reasons...I never like to see a guy re-injure a previously injured hamstring, especially one that already bothered him this season as is the case with Longoria. He did say this is not as bad as the original injury when he missed six games I think, so it looks like he could be back this weekend. Reason for concern and to keep an eye on it, not reason to panic.
Joe (NY)
If Webb does have shoulder surgery what can we expect for next year in terms of keeper value?
Stephania Bell (11:17 AM)
Joe: Totally depends what they end up doing. If he does indeed have a labral injury as has been reported, the returns post-surgery are mixed. The fact that he's young helps. If he has other tissue involved as well, that hurts.
steve (pittsburgh)
Ms. Bell:What are your thoughts on Beltran and his injured knee? Will this hamper him all season?
Stephania Bell (11:20 AM)
Steve: My thoughts are that we don't have the full picture. Certainly a bone bruise can worsen, especially if an athlete has too much impact loading before it's healed. But some of the reported treatments (orthotics, PRP) don't totally fit and make it sound as if there's more to i -like an acoompanying soft tissue injury. He's had both knees scoped in the past so they weren't perfect to beginwith. I understand he's on crutches now - and certainly if he is worse, they will be more cautious with his return this time (meaning longer to come back). Based on the limited info, I think there's virtually no chance he's back before All-Star, and maybe when they share more with us(and there is some rumor that he may seek another opinion also) then we can better project a timetable.
Matt (CA)
Any latest news on Reyes? By him taking so long to get back, are the Mets making sure he comes back at 100% so that this won't linger throughout the season? Do you see him getting back to stealing bases? Thanks
Stephania Bell (11:23 AM)
Matt: All good questions. No great answers. I think the Mets are certainly being cautious, especially after they tried to push through his calf injury and clearly that didn't work out so well. In fact he injured the hamstring while trying to rehab the calf. He has a long history in his past of soft tissue injuries so I'm far more concerned about the length of time it takes him to recover and how well he will. Especially b/c he is a speed guy. I expect he'll return not too long post- All Star Break, but I'm not confident that he'll be confident in his legs right away, meaning less steals.
CB (Virginia)
Xavier Nady suffered a setback yesterday. Have you heard how bad it is and is his season over?
Stephania Bell (11:26 AM)
CB: There is no official word on how bad it is, but just the fact that he had the setback is bad. He had a partial injury to a previously reconstructed TJ ligament. They were hopeful he could return after rehab but there was always the risk that a big throw could aggravate it -and it appears that at some point throwing last night did just that. He's headed for tests, but it doesn't look great.
Drew (Hudson Valley, NY)
Hi Stephania - big fan of your chat! How do you see Josh Hamilton's progression the rest of this year? Does he play in the Mid-Summer classic?
Stephania Bell (11:30 AM)
Hi Drew: Thanks for coming...So far Hamilton looks pretty good. I wouldn't get too carried away with news of his progress. He's definitely doing well, but still needs to run the bases and play in game situations...where he might need to stretch in the outfield to make a play or leap to catch a ball. Those are more demanding tasks - so if he can do those without a problem, then I have no problem with him making an early return. Just important not to rush it unnecessarily. Hamilton seems to get that - so see if he goes out on a rehab assignment early next week, then it will be easier to tell.
Mango (Chicago)
Hey Stephania, is Peavy's ankle going to keep him sidelined all year? Seems like SD doesnt really have a reason to hurry him back. Thanks for the advice.
Stephania Bell (11:33 AM)
Mango: Hard to tell. Right now it's at least late August to early September. He's scheduled to be re-evaluated Tuesday and it will all depend on the extent of healing at that point. If there's been no healing and he's headed for surgery, then he's done. But still...even if he progresses, it will be slow and deliberate.
Eric (Lincoln City, Or)
Not to dispute the expert but I have to argue your answer on Smoltz. The guy is a big time vet and the new team/jitters excuse doesn't work for me. If he needs time why didn't they let him work himself back in the minors? Do you really think he pitched so poorly last night because of rookie jitters or is his stuff not back up to par yet in which case, why isn't he working back in the minors?
Stephania Bell (11:35 AM)
Eric: Did you hear him talk at the press conference after the game? And this is not a guy who gives excuses - he's far too much of a pro. But he just acknowledged that he was all over the place and he was a bit in awe of the moment. And not every pitch was poor. He just had better command of some things than others. And there's no match for the majors. Even when guys pitch in the minors they'll tell you it's not the same. There's a reason there's a difference between majors and minors. So yes, it often takes pitchers especially, when working back after a year out of the game, several outings in the majors as essentially a final rehab phase.
Matt (Chicago, IL)
Stephania - thanks for the great chat! A sprained toe doesn't *sound* like much, but will it keep Scott Downs out much longer than his 15-day DL stint? I mean, he does have 9 other toes...
Stephania Bell (11:37 AM)
Matt: Yes - there are a few others. But the big toe on the push leg ends up taking a lot of strain (range of motion and force) when a pitcher delivers the ball. Any pain or loss of mobility could effectively change his mechanics all the way up the chain - and then you risk the big one -arm injury. So better to wait until the toe is 100% and not cause other problems. He may go a bit past the 15 days but is not expected to be out excessively long.
Dave (Tampa)
Hi Stephania, What do you know about Bedard's shoulder? He's never been a guy to 'tough it out', but he went from missing a start, to the DL, and now is having his return pushed back.
Stephania Bell (11:40 AM)
Dave: If you know me, you know I had my concerns about Bedard after watching him (especially) last year. The Mariners make it sound as if they're just taking their time - and that's reasonable in the long-term interest of protecting him, but I still don't like that it's the same shoulder he had a procedure done on in the offseason...jut don't trust it.
Bruce (San Diego)
Great work as always. Is Volquez done? Please let me know if I should cut him
Stephania Bell (11:44 AM)
Bruce - Thank you. Lots of folks wondering about Volquez this morning- - and some wondering whether he's headed for surgery. I think it's too soon to send him under the knife...but you can't like the fact that the inflammation is worse than originally thought. According to Dusty Baker, the problem is not in the ligament, but in the tendon. If it's truly flexor tendinitis, it definitely can improve. It's just a little unusual to have it crop up at this point in the season. And it may mean that he faces a longer down time. Right now wouldn't expect anything before late July. Stay tuned for sure.
Chris (Chicago, IL)
Hi Stephania, Can Aramis Ramirez make it back before the all star break or is that wishful thinking?
Stephania Bell (11:45 AM)
Chris: I think it's wishful thinking. If anything they need to be cautious with him since he's had prior shoulder injuries.
Johnny Cueto (Boston)
Do you drop Webb yet or wait it out to hear the news?
Stephania Bell (11:46 AM)
Johnny: I believed - and held onto him until now. Not any longer...
James (NYC)
Hi Stephania, I wait all week for your segment - Speculative Injury Question...Is Adam Jones still bothered by nagging leg injuries, hence the .218 average over the last month? Also is this an injury that will bother him for his career? I thought he was a 20/20 threat with potential for more. He seems like more of a 30/10 threat with the new beefed up body and lack of healthy legs.
Stephania Bell (11:49 AM)
James: Thanks for waiting...It's a reasonable question, but I don't see a definitive pattern there -at least not yet. I always worry that the hamstring things can linger - but there's been zero mention of it. He did have a bruised shin more recently but I see that as totally separate. Can't really explain the performance. Maybe need a little more time to see how the pattern evolves. I like your thinking though.
Derek (KC)
Arod still in pain? This why he has been struggling?
Stephania Bell (11:51 AM)
Derek: I have to go back and say I told you so on this one. I always projected that A-Rod's production would be subpar until sometime after All-Star break. It was too much to expect him to come back - quickly - and jump into midseason form. I do think they need to find a balance in terms of how much he plays, when he rests - and hopefully he's still doing all of his hip exercises and maybe should avoid staying out until 3 a.m. - but I think in the second half you'll see better performance.
Jon (San Diego)
Stephania, your insight into Beltre's bone spurs would be greatly appreciated.
Stephania Bell (11:54 AM)
Jon: These can be really hit and miss (no pun intended). A lot depends on exactly where they are - which I don't know b/c we haven't been given that specific info)but if he keeps creating friction inside the shoulder that irritates him (and there has to be some going on for the spurs to have returned in the first place), then it will limit him. It really comes down to how he feels on a daily basis. Some days he may be completely stiff and sore and unable to go, other days he may be fine. Problem is you won't know what you're getting until after the fact. He'll probably need another offseason surgery.
John (Arcadia, OK)
Thanks for all the info on these other players. I have a question about Ervin Santana. Do you know when he will comeback? If not can you give an estimate? Thanks
Stephania Bell (11:56 AM)
Hi John: Well, problem is - I'd be guessing. They're calling it triceps inflammation, but he did have the partial ligament tear and I don't like the sounds of this. It depends how long it takes the inflammation to settle, could be days to weeks, and then whether he has any issues as he tries to resume throwing. I would expect him out at least 3 weeks, probably longer, and even then I'm not totally confident if he does return that this is the last of it.
Tom Sellicks "Stache" (LA)
Whats the latest on Grady Sizemore? Thank you for all your fine work Steph!
Stephania Bell (11:58 AM)
Sizemore is doing well so far - but with him it's a wait and see. The test comes with repeated activity. The plan is to give him days off each week so as not to risk flaring things up as much. Really it will probably take a few weeks for SIzemore and the team to fully assess.
? (?-town)
Ryan Doumit??? When's he expected back and how much do you think he will contribute?
Stephania Bell (12:00 PM)
?? Last one - Doumit's timetable still remains mid-July - and I think he's still too far out in terms of progression to speculate how productive he'll be. In a couple more weeks after he's done more we should have a better idea.
Stephania Bell (12:02 PM)
OK Gang - Have to run. Check out our updates on Fantasy Focus - have a great weekend - and keep your teams healthy!!!
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In Theaters
Come Out and Play Horror
- Summary
- Reviews / Ratings
- Photos
- Videos
- Events
Beth (Vinessa Shaw) and Francis (Ebon Moss-Bachrach), a young married couple, are on holiday together when they venture to a beautiful, but highly remote, island. Beth is pregnant and the two are hoping to enjoy their last vacation before their baby is born. When they arrive, they notice that while there are plenty of children present, the adults all seem to be missing. Initially attributing this to the after effects of a recent festival, they quickly realize something far more sinister is afoot. The two will face terror and unsettling difficult decisions in their quest to make it off the island alive.
Feb 18, 2013
More Details
Released - Friday, March 22 , 2013
Official Website
Official Website
- Starring - Vinessa Shaw, Ebon Moss-Bachrach
- Directed by - Makinov
- Distributed by - Cinedigm Entertainment
- MPAA Rating - Unrated


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BIRMINGHAM – Governor Bob Riley and First Lady Patsy Riley welcomed the birth of their eighth grandchild on Friday.
William Patrick Crye, weighing eight pounds and 14 ounces, was born Friday afternoon.
He is the son of the Rileys' daughter Krisalyn and her husband Walter.
"Patsy and I are excited to welcome another beautiful and healthy grandchild. God continues to truly bless our family," said Governor Riley. "Mom and baby are doing great!"
Governor and Mrs. Riley now have four grandsons and four granddaughters.


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Nellai Sandhippu is about how police encounters affect an ordinary family and is based on a real life incident.Cast as Senthil,Mega Nair and P.L. Thenappan.Directed By Naveen,Producer P.L. Thenappan and Music Director Yugendran.
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Can anyone explain to me each of the terms appearing in this line from the Weblogic console log file?
Specifically the usernames that appear wlsuser and charn - are these Weblogic console users or Unix usernames?
11/05/23 21:11:06 oram01 wls01 WLSPW0090 INFO wlsuser 3967 Server admin_01 stop request accepted
11/05/25 09:42:13 oram01 WLPNG0020 INFO charn 18408 Pinging server managed2_01 using URL t3://22.214.171.124:6100


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The Vancouver Whitecaps had a good 2012. But if they make and stick with a few New Year's resolutions, 2013 could be even better, writes Goal.com's Martin MacMahon.
Goal.com Canada has selected a few resolutions for the upcoming year that if made – and followed – could make the Whitecaps a contender for all the marbles come season's end.
1. Score more goals
There's no question the Whitecaps are an organized, tough-to-beat outfit. But with a mere 35 goals scored during the regular season, they qualified for the playoffs as the lowest-scoring outfit of the postseason bunch in 2012.
Apart from the practical reality that goals are a huge part of winning games, having an entertaining brand of soccer is a must if the Whitecaps are to maintain their growth in British Columbia's soccer market and continue to bring in new fans.
2. Designated players must earn their dough
The much maligned Scottish pairing of Barry Robson and Kenny Miller didn't hit the ground running for the Whitecaps in 2012, and their arrival coincided with a dip in form that nearly saw the Whitecaps miss the playoffs altogether.
But it wasn't all their fault. And while they certainly didn't earn their money last season, it's in the past and there's no point in continuing to stress their point – especially given they're under contract and barring something unforeseen happening will be expected to make a major contribution.
No doubt the Vancouver faithful will give Robson and Miller a fresh look in 2013 – but with that faith will need to come the performances expected of designated players.
3. Work on keeping the ball
At its heart, soccer is a game of possession. While many sides have achieved middling success in top leagues around the world and in cup competitions by playing reactive, ugly soccer with little in the way of possession, there's no need for that in MLS, a league that is largely played on an equal playing field due to the salary cap.
Head coach Martin Rennie has talked about changing the mentality of the club – in 2013 perhaps transforming from a counterattacking unit to a more proactive possession-based style of play would bring more consistent results.
If the other team is allowed to have more of the ball, they're the ones in control.
4. All we are saying, is give (Canadian) youth a chance
While Rennie has no problem playing elite youngsters such as Gershon Koffie and Darren Mattocks, by and large he is a coach that leans on experience – perhaps to the point where it could be stifling some of the club's young bright lights.
In 2012, Bryce Alderson made it on the bench but never stepped on the field in competitive league action, with Russell Teibert restricted to just 117 minutes over four MLS games.
The pair has talent, but they're raw and the only way they'll learn is by making mistakes, and plenty of them. Over and over again. But eventually they'll come good – they just need a chance to consistently play.
5. Figure out the goalkeeping situation
There's no real choice to make here. Brad Knighton appears to be just as good as Joe Cannon and he's younger and cheaper. If he's going to stay and be the starter, Cannon says he'd like a new opportunity.
The sooner Cannon is moved and the club brings in a backup or an experienced competitor for Knighton – who has never had a full season as an MLS starter – the earlier Whitecaps fans can breathe easy.


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This section contains 4,221 words
(approx. 15 pages at 300 words per page)
SOURCE: "Defining the Fictive American Vietnam War Film: In Search of a Genre," in Literature/Film Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1988, pp. 244-50.
[In the following essay, Whillock analyzes themes and images in Vietnam combat films and points out the disparities between these films and World War II combat films.]
What should the Vietnam War look like on film? What were the motifs, visual, and thematic, that would emerge as dominant, that would reappear in film after film—with greater or lesser variations—to evolve into a codified 'Vietnam style'?
Gilbert Adair Vietnam on Film
The "visual style" that Adair alludes to is the concept of...
This section contains 4,221 words
(approx. 15 pages at 300 words per page)


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Book your room at Skycity Grand Hotel
Get an overview of this hotelContemporary hotel atop convention center
+VIP Access™ Hotel
We carefully hand-picked this hotel based on its dedication to service and excellent guest reviews.
Expedia +gold members receive free room upgrades and +gold and +silver members get other perks upon availability at check-in.See details
Steps from city
Set atop SKYCITY Auckland Convention Centre, this hotel is across the street from Sky Tower and the SKYCITY Auckland Entertainment Complex, surrounded by the city's central business district.
Balinese-themed spa
Skycity Grand Hotel features an extensive Balinese-inspired spa center with massage and steam rooms, as well as a fitness center, indoor lap pool, spa tub, and sauna.
Harbor or city views
Decorated in neutral tones, the 312 guestrooms have harbor or city views and are outfitted with desks, laptop-sized safes, and complimentary wireless Internet access. Bathrooms offer separate showers and tubs.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Skycity Grand Hotel90 Federal Street Auckland
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Ideally situated in the heart of Auckland, with many of the city's most impressive attractions and eateries literally on our doorstep, the SKYCITY Grand Hotel offers guests an amazing experience. Whether your stay is for business or pleasure, the friendly and attentive team is here to attend to your every need.
Experience the newly-refurbished Premium Luxury Rooms, enjoy complimentary WiFi, the tranquil East Day Spa plus a number of award-winning restaurants and the iconic Sky Tower just on the door step of the hotel.
The hotel, which occupies floors 7–21, sits on top of the SKYCITY Auckland Convention Centre, floors 4–5, which has 57,802 square feet (5,370 square meters) of space spread over 2 levels. A diverse range of spaces are dedicated to conferences, exhibitions, or banquets, including the 13,993-square-foot (1,300-square-meter) main room. Additional facilities include 12 breakout rooms, 2 boardrooms, and a 24-hour business center.
- 24-hour business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Casino
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Fitness facilities
- Free WiFi
- Full-service spa
- Health club
- Indoor pool
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of bars/lounges - 3
- Number of coffee shops/cafes - 4
- Number of floors - 15
- Number of restaurants - 12
- One meeting room
- Porter/bellhop
- Sauna
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Smoke-free property
- Snack bar/deli
- Spa services on site
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Steam room
- Total number of rooms - 312
- Valet parking (surcharge)
- Year Built 2004
Family Friendly Amenities
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Free Wi-Fi
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Indoor pool
- Snack bar/deli
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge), Valet parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Bathrobes
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free newspaper
- Free toiletries
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Daily housekeeping
- Deep soaking bathtub
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- In-room massage available
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Iron/ironing board
- Minibar
- Pay movies
- Pillow menu
- Plasma TV
- Premium TV channels
- Private bathroom
- Room service (24 hours)
- Satellite TV service
- Separate bathtub and shower
Where to Eat
Gusto - Buffet and à la carte Italian. Open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
You can order up room service around the clock.
Nearby Things to Do
The SKYCITY Grand Hotel has a 25-metre lap pool, spa pool, and sauna. Its fitness centre offers a range of equipment including stationary bicycles, a rowing machine, treadmill, and weights station.
There are numerous recreational opportunities near the SKYCITY Grand Hotel. Sailing is available around the city's harbour and islands. The Harbour Bridge (3 km) has a famous bungee jump activity, while Sky Tower (just across the road) features a daring activity known as Sky Jump. The large public park known as Auckland Domain (600 metres) is ideal for walking.
Across the Harbour Bridge on the North Shore, Takapuna offers ten-pin bowling and windsurfing on Lake Pupuke (10 km). Coastal walks extend for 25 km and can be joined at Takapuna Beach. The suburb of Bayswater offers kite surfing and paragliding (14 km). Visitors can use the Takapuna Public Golf Course (7 km) or the Waitemata Golf Course in Devonport (10 km) by arrangement.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Personal motorized watercraft on site
- Windsurfing nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Parasailing nearby
Spa Services
One of New Zealand's largest luxury day spa, the East Day Spa Auckland includes 12 individual treatment rooms (4 of which are double rooms), a spacious relaxation area with individual pods, steam room with Vichy shower, group manicure and pedicure rooms and brow bar. The Chill lounge has 6 luxurious chaise lounges for group treatments like Thai foot massage. Studio by East Day Spa is a boutique pop-up salon focusing on hand and foot treatments including a large selection of retail offerings.
Treatments include Balinese massage, Elemis Facials, Hot Stone massage, threading, Shellac nails, and Smashbox Makeup therapy. Female and male therapists are available.
- Number of treatment rooms 12
- Facial treatments
- Manicures and pedicures
- Hot stone massage
- Deep tissue massage
- Prenatal massage
- Steam room in spa
- Thai massage
- Reflexology
- Body wraps
- Body scrubs
- Aromatherapy treatments
- Hydrotherapy treatments
- Spa tub in spa
- Massages
- Body treatments
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- In-room accessibility
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Optional extras
- Breakfast fee: NZD 39 per person (approximately)
- Airport shuttle fee: NZD 30 per person (one way)
- Self parking fee: NZD 25 per night
- Valet parking fee: NZD 40 per night
- Rollaway bed fee: NZD 35 per night
- Onsite credit card charges are subject to a surcharge
Hotel Name
- Grand Hotel Skycity
- Grand Skycity
- Grand Skycity Hotel
- Hotel Skycity
- Skycity Grand
- Skycity Grand Auckland
- Skycity Grand Hotel
- Skycity Grand Hotel Auckland
- Skycity Hotel
- Skycity Hotel Grand
- Sky City Hotel
- SKYCITY Grand Hotel Auckland, New Zealand
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
Awards & Affiliations
National Rating
Official New Zealand Rating provided by Qualmark®
Qualmark® assigns an official star rating for accommodations in New Zealand. This Hotel property is rated 5 stars and is displayed on this page as 5.0 stars.


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The Mighty Quest for Epic Loot's first dev diary discusses the challenges of continuous content creation
The Mighty Quest for Epic Loot has a developer diary available, and in it, the team behind the game discuss the challenges of continuous content creation for a free-to-play game. They also talk about how the art-style plays up the humor in-game, the thought that went into the game's monetization, as well as the inspirations behind the game's comical dialogue. Check it out below. You can sign up for the beta through here.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


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Leaked IPCC Draft Report: Recent Warming Is Manmade, Cloud Feedback Is Positive, Inaction Is Suicidal
Ultra-conservative report still concludes sea level rise could reach 6 inches a decade by century's end! Deniers duped by leaker's blunder.
Figure SPM.6.a. Warming in two IPCC scenarios reveals humanity's choice. With aggressive action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 2.6 with 443 ppm of CO2 in 2100), warming is modest and adaptation is plausible. With continued inaction (RCP 8.5 with 936 ppm in 2100), warming is a catastrophic and unmanageable 10°F over much of Earth's habited and arable land — and more than 15°F over the Arctic. This projection ignores many key amplifying feedbacks, such as the release of permafrost carbon, which would likely lead to far greater warming.
The draft 2013 Fifth Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change leaked this week makes clear inaction on climate change would be devastating to modern civilization. The report finds that the human fingerprint on climate has grown more obvious, concluding "it is virtually certain" the energy imbalance that causes global warming "is caused by human activities, primarily by the increase in CO2 concentrations. There is very high confidence that natural forcing contributes only a small fraction to this imbalance."
Yes, I know, the easily-duped deniers and their media stooges have reported the opposite is true, that solar forcing has been a significant driver of recent warming, but the deniers are as likely to be right as the flat earthers. The only question is why anyone still listens to them. I'll repost a debunking of their nonsense below.
The draft Summary for Policymakers (the only thing 99% of people will ever read) finds:
It is extremely likely [">95% probability"] that human activities have caused more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature since the 1950s. There is high confidence ["About 8 out of 10 chance"] that this has caused large-scale changes in the ocean, in the cryosphere, and in sea level in the second half of the 20th century. Some extreme events have changed as a result of anthropogenic influence.
That multiply-hedged morass is pretty much the mildest statement that could possibly be made. A December 2011 study found it's "Extremely Likely That at Least 74% of Observed Warming Since 1950″ was manmade; it's highly likely all of it was (see Figure 1 below).
For me, the leaked draft, which has not yet been peer reviewed — and thus still has time to be watered down yet more — underscores how pointless the IPCC has become. Like the 4th assessment before it, this ultra-conservative and instantly obsolete report ignores the latest science — see "Fifth Assessment Report Will Ignore Crucial Permafrost Carbon Feedback!" Note that including the permafrost feedback would probably make the RCP8.5 scenario in the top figure as much as 1.5°F warmer!
And like the AR4, the AR5 scenarios low-ball future impacts — "Arctic sea ice area is projected to decrease by 28% for September" for the 2016–2035 period vs. 1986–2005. Seriously IPCC, a 28% drop is the scenario your touting? In fact, as we have reported, many experts warn of "Near Ice-Free Arctic In Summer" in a decade if recent ice volume trends continue.
Even so, the uber-conservative AR5 draft makes clear to anyone who reads between the lines that inaction would be suicidal for humanity, with devastating warming and sea level rise that could hit a half a foot a decade by 2100. How precisely does one adapt to that?
Indeed, the report guts the one remaining myth of those who downplay future impacts, that clouds would act as a negative (or weakening) feedback. It finds:
The net radiative feedback due to all cloud types is likely positive.
But the report fails to clearly spell out what the recent science says about inaction — for that you might try "An Illustrated Guide to the Science of Global Warming Impacts" or the recentWorld Bank report, which warned "A 4°C [7°F] World Can, And Must, Be Avoided" To Avert "Devastating" Impacts.
So I can't see why AR5 would motivate anyone to act more than AR4 and thus I see little real-world value in the entire effort — see my November 2007 post, "Absolute MUST Read IPCC Report: Debate over, further delay fatal, action not costly"! Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose.
Once again, the authors twist themselves in pretzels to over-hedge every statement with their precise (but inaccurate!) terminology. And so we learn in the draft Summary for Policymakers (SPM):
It is very likely that the Arctic sea ice cover will continue to shrink and thin in the course of the 21st century as global temperature rises.
No, really, it is "very likely" — "> 90% probability" — which I guess means, what, that the IPCC seriously thinks there is an up to 10% chance Arctic sea ice cover will stop shrinking and thinning???
Observations and analysis of drought make clear it is already intensifying in many key regions thanks to global warming — see "NOAA Bombshell: Human-Caused Climate Change Already a Major Factor in More Frequent Mediterranean Droughts" and "Study: Global warming is driving increased frequency of extreme wet or dry summer weather in southeast, so droughts and deluges are likely to get worse." But all AR5 can muster up for the probability of future "increases in frequency and/or intensity of drought" is "Likely [> 66% probability] in some regions" — which I guess means the IPCC thinks there is 1 in 3 chance it won't happen anywhere! How could that be with the kind of warming we will see in the RCP8.5 scenario, which, it must be added is really just business as usual emissions and far from the worst-case?
This failure to warn the public and policymakers echoes the great failing of their 2011 extreme weather report (see "Blockbuster IPCC Chart Hints at Dust-Bowlification, But Report Is Mostly Silent on Warming's Gravest Threat to Humanity").
In it most extreme scenario, RCP8.5 — about 936 ppm of CO2 in 2100 (not a worst-case in the real world because of permafrost and other feedbacks) — sea level rise in 2100 is only about 2 feet. That assumes you can figure out what this means: "The contributions from ice sheet dynamical change and anthropogenic land water storage are treated as independent of scenario, since scenario dependence cannot be evaluated on the basis of existing literature, and as having uniform probability distributions, uncorrelated with the magnitude of global climate change." Clarity ain't the IPCC's strong suit.
In any case, most climate scientists expect considerably higher sea level rise, especially if we don't act. That's what the recent literature says — see "Sea levels may rise 3 times faster than IPCC estimated, could hit 6 feet by 2100" and "JPL bombshell: Polar ice sheet mass loss is speeding up, on pace for 1 foot sea level rise by 2050."
Finally, if you read the denier blogs or columnists — and if so, you have no one to blame but yourself — you've probably heard something about how the IPCC finds cosmic rays are a major climate driver. In fact, the SPM finds:
Cosmic rays enhance aerosol nucleation and cloud condensation nuclei production in the free troposphere, but there is high confidence that the effect is too weak to have any significant climatic influence during a solar cycle or over the last century.
For debunkings of the latest denier spin, see here and here and especially here, which has an interview with the lead author of the key draft chapter.
Below I'm reposting a Skeptical Science piece on the subject.
IPCC Draft Report Leaked, Shows Global Warming is NOT Due to the Sun
Posted on 14 December 2012 by dana1981
Alec Rawls, an occasional guest poster on the climate contrarian blog WattsUpWithThat who signed up to review the upcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (as anyone can), has "leaked" a draft version of the report and declared that it "contains game-changing admission of enhanced solar forcing." This assertion was then repeated by James Delingpole at The Telegraph (with some added colorful language), and probably on many other climate contrarian blogs.
If the IPCC was to report that the sun is a significant player in the current rapid global warming, that would indeed be major news, because the body of peer-reviewed scientific literature and data clearly show that the sun has made little if any contribution to the observed global warming over the past 50+ years (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Percent contributions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), sulfur dioxide (SO2), the sun, volcanoes, and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to the observed global surface warming over the past 50-65 years according to Tett et al. 2000 (T00, dark blue), Meehl et al. 2004 (M04, red), Stone et al. 2007 (S07, green), Lean and Rind 2008 (LR08, purple), Huber and Knutti 2011 (HK11, light blue), Gillett et al. 2012 (G12, orange), and Wigley and Santer 2012 (WS12, dark green).
So why would the latest IPCC report contradict these studies when its purpose is to summarize the latest and greatest scientific research? The answer is simple — it doesn't. Rawls has completely misrepresented the IPCC report.
Cosmic Source of Confusion
The supposedly "game-changing admission" from the IPCC report is this:
"Many empirical relationships have been reported between GCR [galactic cosmic rays] or cosmogenic isotope archives and some aspects of the climate system…The forcing from changes in total solar irradiance alone does not seem to account for these observations, implying the existence of an amplifying mechanism such as the hypothesized GCR-cloud link."
This statement refers to a hypothesis of Henrik Svensmark from the Danish National Space Institute, who has proposed that galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) could exert significant influence over global temperatures. The GCR hypothesis suggests that when they reach Earth, GCRs (high-energy charged particles originating from somewhere in our galaxy) are capable of "seeding" clouds; thus at times when a lot of GCRs are reaching the Earth's surface, more clouds will form. Clouds generally have a cooling effect on the Earth's temperature, because they reflect sunlight.
So the hypothesis goes like this: high solar activity means a strong solar magnetic field, which deflects more GCRs away from Earth, which means less cloud formation, which means less sunlight is reflected away from Earth, which means more warming. This GCR-caused warming would amplify the warming already being caused by increased solar activity. Conversely, cooling from decreased solar activity would hypothetically be amplified by more GCRs on Earth, more clouds, more reflected sunlight, and thus more cooling.
It's important to note that so far virtually all scientific research on GCRs has shown that they are not effective at seeding clouds and thus have very little influence over the Earth's temperature. In fact, as Zeke Hausfather has noted, the leaked IPCC report specifically states this:
"…there is medium evidence and high agreement that the cosmic ray-ionization mechanism is too weak to influence global concentrations of [cloud condensation nuclei] or their change over the last century or during a solar cycle in any climatically significant way."
But more importantly in this context, even if GCRs did influence global temperature, they would currently be having a cooling effect.
Solar Activity is Down, Greenhouse Gases are Up
Rawls also provides the following quote from the IPCC report (emphasis added):
"There is very high confidence that natural forcing is a small fraction of the anthropogenic forcing. In particular, over the past three decades (since 1980), robust evidence from satellite observations of the TSI [total solar irradiance] and volcanic aerosols demonstrate a near-zero (–0.04 W m–2) change in the natural forcing compared to the anthropogenic AF increase of ~1.0 ± 0.3 W m–2."
The term "radiative forcing" refers to a global energy imbalance on Earth, which may be caused by various effects like changes in the greenhouse effect or solar activity. A positive forcing will result in warming temperatures, while a negative forcing will result in cooling.
Here the IPCC is saying that since 1980, the sun and volcanoes have combined to cause a slightly negative global energy imbalance, which means they have had a slight cooling influence on global temperatures over the past three decades. Indeed, solar activity has decreased a bit over that timeframe (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Global temperature (red, NASA GISS) and Total solar irradiance (blue, 1880 to 1978 from Solanki, 1979 to 2009 from PMOD), with 11-year running averages.
As we would expect, lower solar activity including a weaker solar magnetic field has translated into a slight increase in GCR flux on Earth (Figure 3). Note that on the left-hand axis of Figure 3, GCR counts decrease going up the axis in order to show the relationship with temperature, since fewer GCRs hypothetically means fewer clouds, less reflected sunlight, and higher temperatures.
Figure 3: Global average surface temperature (red, NASA GISS) vs. GCR flux on Earth (blue, Krivova & Solanki 2003), with 11-year running averages.
So, if GCRs really do amplify the solar influence on global temperatures, since 1980 they are amplifying a cooling effect. In fact, GCRs reaching Earth recently hit record high levels (Figure 4), yet temperatures are still way up.
Figure 4: Record cosmic ray flux observed in 2009 by the Advanced Composition Explorer (NASA)
Physical Reality Intrudes on Rawls
Rawls has argued to the contrary by claiming that the climate is still responding to the increase in solar activity from the early 20th century, and that GCRs are amplifying that solar warming from over 60 years ago. This argument is simply physically wrong. As Figure 2 illustrates, when solar activity rises, temperatures follow suit very soon thereafter. In fact, during the mid-20th century, solar activity and global surface temperatures both flattened out. Are we to believe that the planet suddenly began responding to the pre-1950 solar activity increase in 1975—2012, after not warming 1940—1975? The argument makes no physical sense.
On top of that, the hypothetical GCR process is a relatively rapid one. Cloud formation from GCR seeding should occur within days, and clouds have very short lifetimes. For GCRs to have a warming effect, solar activity must be increasing right now. It is not, in fact solar activity has been essentially flat and slightly declining in recent decades. Changes in solar activity from 60+ years ago have no bearing whatsoever on GCRs today.
IPCC Shows Global Warming is NOT Solar
To sum up,
- The leaked IPCC report states that there may be some connection between GCRs and some aspects of the climate system.
- However, the report is also consistent with the body of scientific literature in stating that research indicates GCRs are not effective at seeding clouds and have very little influence on global temperatures.
- Solar activity has been nearly flat and slightly decreasing in recent decades, meaning that if GCRs do amplify solar influences on climate, they are amplifying a cooling effect.
The body of peer-reviewed scientific literature is very clear: human greenhouse gas emissions, not solar activity or galactic cosmic rays, are causing global warming. The leaked IPCC report is entirely consistent with this conclusion. In fact, in attempting to argue to the contrary, Rawls has scored an own goal by showing that if anything, GCRs are currently amplifying a solar cooling effect.
37 Responses to Leaked IPCC Draft Report: Recent Warming Is Manmade, Cloud Feedback Is Positive, Inaction Is Suicidal
"It is very likely that the Arctic sea ice cover will continue to shrink and thin in the course of the 21st century as global temperature rises."
Yes, but what does this mean for the planet's energy balance?
The amplifying feedback mechanism of polar ice melt is the so-called albedo-flip effect, where loss of reflection by melted ice is compounded by infrared absorption by open water, a process currently taking place in the Arctic Sea, as reported by Hansen et al.: "… amplifying feedbacks make ice sheet disintegration necessarily highly non-linear. In a non-linear problem, the most relevant number for projecting sea level rise is the doubling time for the rate of mass loss. Hansen (2007) suggested that a 10-year doubling time was plausible, pointing out that such a doubling time from a base of 1 mm per year ice sheet contribution to sea level in the decade 2005-2015 would lead to a cumulative 5 m sea level rise by 2095." http://www.countercurrents.org/glikson050411.pdf
Climate, Sun, and Cosmic Rays http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAx6j625iy4
He's not still on about his mysterious stored solar energy stuck at the bottom of the sea, is he? Got stuck into him on his own blog about this several months ago (with a little bit of much appreciated help from Mike Lockwood) – he thought sunspot cycles were warming the sea and we hadn't noticed because the heat transfer was all happening at the 700m boundary. Apparently it hadn't occurred to him that a cyclical temperature change such as sunspot activity would have its signal damped at a boundary where conductance and convection were poor, and the net would be no change. The earth is this big homogenous piece of tinfoil, you know, all heats up and cools down simultaneously and is in permanent thermal equilibrium….. :(
Arctic Ice Minimum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRc_9nNTZg0
The Twin Sides of the Fossil Fuel Coin – Guy MacPherson http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ina16XSJQvM
"Arctic sea ice area is projected to decrease by 28% for September" for the 2016–2035 period vs. 1986–2005."
This is such an amazing understatement! Let's look at the already existing data. During 1986-2005 the September sea-ice extent was mostly from six to seven and half million square kilometers. 2012 was 3.6 million square kilometers. That's 35 percent below the lowest year of the 1986-2005, 2005 which was 5.6 million square kilometers. So 2012 must have been much more than 35 percent below the 1986-2005 average. (It would be nice if someone quickly calculated this average.)
IPCC is clearly saying that they predict the September sea-ice extent to increase in 2016-2035 from current levels. Of course we all hope that would happen, but for it to happen, huge action is necessary. HUGE!
In a business-as-usual scenario the sea-ice simply don't grow from now to 2016-2035. Period.
If that ends up to AR5, IPCC is simply delusional.
My data is from NSIDC.
Links to the above data:
Average Monthly Arctic Sea Ice Extent – September 1979 – 2012
Extrapolating the current trend line, the volume of Arctic Ocean sea ice should drop by roughly another 50% in just two more years.
Yes, and this means Global Emergency! Immediate action is necessary to cool the Arctic and protect the sea ice. 100% (or 95% or whatever is the absolute maximum possible) emissions cuts and improving the sinks is not enough, because it still takes so long before cooling starts. (According to James Hansen's estimate, when CO2 is at 345 ppm and methane and black soot emissions have been cut also.)
Arctic Methane Emergency Group has just recently published a Strategic Plan to save us from this existential threat.
A 5th AGW correct prediction in the comments section with my name – "Sunspots will be blasted out of the nearside" found in http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/12/09/1306051/agu-scientist-asks-is-earth-fked-surprising-answer-resistance-is-not-futile/#comment-605841.
"Sunspot number: 35 … Updated 09 Dec 2012" ("What's up in Space"; Dr. Tony Phillips; spaceweather.com, 12/9/12). "Sunspot number: 71 … Updated 13 Dec 2012" ("What's up in Space"; Dr. Tony Phillips; spaceweather.com, 12/15/12). "SDF Number 343 Issued at 2200Z on 08 Dec 2012 … IA. Analysis of Solar Active Regions and Activity from 07/2100Z to 08/2100Z: Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. … here are currently 3 numbered sunspot regions on the disk" ("Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity Report and Forecast"; Prepared jointly by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center and the U.S. Air Force; swpc.noaa.gov/forecast.html, 8 December 2012).
"SDF Number 350 Issued at 2200Z on 15 Dec 2012 … IA. Analysis of Solar Active Regions and Activity from 14/2100Z to 15/2100Z: … There are currently 5 numbered sunspot regions on the disk" ("Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity Report and Forecast"; Prepared jointly by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center and the U.S. Air Force; swpc.noaa.gov/forecast.html, 15 December 2012).
Deniers can predict only a free lunch. "Our current solar cycle 24 – still in a slump – solar max reached? … Posted on December 10, 2012 by Anthony Watts … topped out for solar cycle 24 … doesn't seem to be any evidence of resurgence … a generally quiet magnetic period … 11 Responses to Our current solar cycle 24 – still in a slump – solar max reached? … Olavi says: December 10, 2012 at 11:13 am … Very soon Climate Scientists find out that is's the Sun STUPID…. lsvalgaard says: December 10, 2012 at 11:24 am … REPLY: … There's some software that I can run … Anthony… vukcevic says: December 10, 2012 at 11:50 am … Very soon Climate Scientists find out that is's the Sun STUPID" (Tony 'who lacked a mothers' love because she preferred suckling a pack of cleaner cigarettes' Watts; whistlesuckers perfuming the stink at wattsupwiththat.com).
Some new science on arctic methane monitoring
So how do we engender political action and public outcry by them now thinking it is too far gone to do anything about it? Does this not illustrate that the Arctic has reached its tipping point?
Not a helpful report to get the action we need. As we here well know any little bit of soft pedaling is very dangerous. We are not meeting the challenge of this global crisis,any little excuse to delay drops the changes of our societal survival. At this point stright talk and up to date information are what the global community needs. Nothing short of that is going get the action we need. For ourselves and our children.
RE: the leaked draft… underscores how pointless the IPCC has become.
I greatly appreciate Joe's blunt honesty on this score. Something appears to have gone terribly wrong with the IPCC, as its process and product get ever more tortuously equivocal. This is a tragedy for science, and for the world. As international consensus and action is absolutely critical for any effective approach to AGW, the failures of the IPCC could not possibly be more devastatingly consequential.
Is this by design, or just institutional inertia? Is there any way to get the IPCC back on the track of relevancy? The world vitally needs a responsible IPCC.
Correction: Seriously IPCC, a 28% drop is the scenario you're touting (rather than "your")?
Really too bad that even IPCC has become substantially irrelevant under amplifying, exponentially occurring, biogeochemical feedbacks.
You're right, Solar Jim, but IPCC is now entrenched. I met scientists at AGU who were clearly flattered to be authors of V. Governments like it because IPCC ignores events until they have happened (such as permafrost methane leakage).
IPCC needs a rival that will render it timid and irrelevant. Scientific academies from the G22 could form such a group, and issue reports that are contemporary, accurate, and direct. Pielke Jr. and the Saudi Arabia Minister of Energy would not have review input.
In these grim days, some of you may appreciate a little black humour. Even our dingos have caught the capitalism disease – have stopped stealing babies in favour of cash and jewels, ME
No weekend Open Thread?
"No, really, it is "very likely" — "> 90% probability" — which I guess means, what, that the IPCC seriously thinks there is an up to 10% chance Arctic sea ice cover will stop shrinking and thinning???"
Actually, there is "> 90% probability" that Artic sea ice will be *gone* before AR5 is even published.
Talk about issuing an 'erratum' – this takes the cake.
— jhc (now, where'd I put that head vise?)
Homo sapiens lemmingus.
If you had written a science fiction book forty years ago about this, no one would have believed it possible.
Typo: "Seriously IPCC, a 28% drop is the scenario your touting?"
Is this all the deniers have now? A touted "game changer" that they got totally backwards. Heck, even the godfather of the GCR-climate theory has been remarkably quiet after 2010 was the warmest on record right at the lowest solar slump in a century. Mother Nature herself not only thoroughly disproved, but actually stomped on the claim that GCRs have major impact on climate. Instead of keeping quiet about that spectacular failure, the deniers now feel the need to remind us about it. They can't be all that bright.
28% reduction in sea ice area in 2035? What kind of geo engineering have they planned on to achieve that.
Statements like that about the sea ice shows that IPCC is anything but alarmist.
Idiot deniers clutching at straws – reminds me of the Dumb and Dumber movie scene…
"It is extremely likely that human activities …"
"… sooooo… you've saying there is a chance it's not real !"
Yep, I can remember we laughed about it in the 1970s because we knew the world would act to stop it – that was when cooperation was taken for granted because people actually did work together. Yeah, I know I come from the past, ME
As the emissions scenarios considered here illustrate, even well-intentioned and effective international efforts to limit climate change must face the hard physical reality of certain temperature targets that can no longer be achieved if too much carbon has already been emitted to the atmosphere. "Both delay and insufficient mitigation efforts close the door on limiting global mean warming permanently. This constitutes more than a climate change commitment: It is the fast and irreversible shrinking, and eventual disappearance, of the mitigation options with every year of increasing greenhouse gas emissions."
There was an SF book by Marge Piercy (He, She and It, I think) in about 1981 or thereabouts, which was prescient. Described what would have been near-future now and it wasn't pretty.
Food, food, food. It's all about food. Let's stop focusing on sea level rise, and start explaining to the masses that we've evolved into an agricultural species, and that agriculture depends on a stable climate. Our food systems and food security are what's at stake.
Losing the "air conditioning" effect of the Arctic summer sea ice is going to devastate the northern hemisphere's grain belts. And then where is that latent heat going to go?
What it could mean is a permanent shift in the behavior of the jet stream and the associated seasonal highs and lows that agriculture depends on. In other words, the disappearance of the ice cap could mean the total systemic failure of the atmosphere from the POV of ag.
The Denier's Counter-Hypothesis–
The deniers should have the burden to put forward an alternative to the anthropogenic GHG theory. Saying it could be something else shouldn't be allowed to pass. Show us what it is, then.
Otherwise, they're just children trying to deflect the conversation away from something they don't want to be true, like six-year-olds who, standing among broken glass, say they didn't do it because they don't want to deal with the consequences of admitting the truth.
Like everyone else, I couldn't believe they "forecast" a 28% drop in Arctic Ice area from the 1986-2005 period. Where the hell have they been? Using Cryosphere Today (U of Illinois) data, I calculate the average arctic ice area for 2007-12 (inclusive) was 36.6% below the 1986-2005 average. Do they seriously believe the ice is going to increase over the average of the last six years?
That's for the annual minimum – which essentially scales with the September average.
NSIDC data for September Sea Ice Extents (millions of square kilometers): links to sources after data
1986: 7,5 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_198609_extn.png
1987: 7,5 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_198709_extn.png
1988: 7,5 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_198809_extn.png
1989: 7,0 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_198909_extn.png
1990: 6,2 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199009_extn.png
1991: 6,6 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199109_extn.png
1992: 7,5 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199209_extn.png
1993: 6,5 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199309_extn.png
1994: 7,2 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199409_extn.png
1995: 6,1 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199509_extn.png
1996: 7,9 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199609_extn.png
1997: 6,7 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199709_extn.png
1998: 6,6 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199809_extn.png
1999: 6,2 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_199909_extn.png
2000: 6,3 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200009_extn.png
2001: 6,8 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200109_extn.png
2002: 6,0 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200209_extn.png
2003: 6,1 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200309_extn.png
2004: 6,0 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200409_extn.png
2005: 5,6 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200509_extn.png
2006: 5,9 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200609_extn.png
2007: 4,3 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200709_extn.png
2008: 4,7 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200809_extn.png
2009: 5,4 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_200909_extn.png
2010: 4,9 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_201009_extn.png
2011: 4,6 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_201109_extn.png
2012: 3,6 ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/Sep/N_201209_extn.png
Graphic 1979-2012:
September 1986-2005 average: 6,7
September 2006-2012 average: 4,8
2006-2012 average was 28 percent lower than 1986-2005
September 2012 was 46% lower than 1986-2005 average
I calculated 2006-2012 being 28% lower than 1986-2005 using NSIDC data for monthly averages. Using that data, 2007-2012 would be 32% below 1986-2005.
RE: the leaked draft… underscores how pointless the IPCC has become.
I absolutely agree. This report does not help the green agenda in any way.
Maybe, in the final version, these draft errors can be corrected.
it's all about our own doom and how polution "kill" us :(


text:
September in Cozumel is the off season and many do not take advantage of the charms that it offers. To be sure, one will encounter a good bit of maintenance and many of your favorite staff members will be on vacation, but there is a laid back charm that is a bit different than during the busier times ("busy" in Cozumel is still relaxing and laid back). Our visit in September 2011 was very different than our September 2010 visit in which we participated in many of the 200 year Mexican Independence Day (Bicentenario) festivities. 2011 was much more of a typical September in this little gem of a resort. We found that there are 5 great things that many overlook on a visit to La Ceiba in September or busier seasons:
1. A Sunday night visit to Plaza Del Sol in downtown San Miguel. There is always a great band giving a free concert and a very festive atmosphere with the local people and their children. It is a tradition for the local folks to come to the Plaza Del Sol after church on Sunday evenings and partake in the festivities. This is a great event for families and allows you to mix with the people of Cozumel. Even though our Spanish is limited, we never fail to have a great conversation with local residents about the island and its history and culture.
2. Romantic dinner for two on the pier at La Ceiba. This is a very reasonably priced luxury and features a great meal and service.The executive chef for the La Chopa restaurant of La Ceiba is excellent and we had the honor of meeting him in September.
3. A massage at the Cocay Spa of La Ceiba. After 45 minutes of massage you will feel like you have no worries in the world. The price is very reasonable and well worth it.
4. A bowl of pumpkin flower soup at La Chopa. Do not pass up the opportunity to sample this culinary work of art. We have sampled pumpkin flower soup in many US and Mexican restaurants and have found the best is served at La Chopa.
5. A visit to the sales office at La Ceiba. We recommend this especially for first time visitors to La Ceiba. We always meet some first time visitors who have been hijacked at the airport or on the street into attending a "45 minute presentation" at some other resort, only to waste 3 hours fending off some high pressure salesman. La Ceiba does not operate that way. See Dee Landreth or one of her staff in sales and you will receive a very professional presentation on the advantages of joining the El Cid Vacation Club (ECVD) family and you can make some informed choices for the present or the future. Some of the very best advice we have received on our over 20 visits to Cozumel has come from members of the El Cid sales staff (e.g. great restaurants, activities, places of interest, ground transportation, history of the Cozumel, places to avoid, etc.
September may not be for everyone, but there is never a bad time to visit Cozumel and El Cid La Ceiba.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- El Cid La Ceiba Beach resort is an oceanfront paradise perfectly in tune with Cozumel's easygoing island rhythms. Explore the island's enchanting beaches, lush mangrove forests and brilliantly colored reefs with amazing sea life. Whether you are in search of a romantic getaway or a tropical setting to reconnect with family and friends, our intimate and friendly resort offers the ideal setting for snorkeling, diving or simply lazing by the pool. Your vacation is sure to be relaxing and authentic experience at El Cid La Ceiba. • Babieca Dive Shop on site with PADI certified dive masters. • Spectacular diving, snorkeling and unmatched ocean views. • European and All-Inclusive Plans • Fly High Adventures, eco-park featuring 6 zip line platforms and six rugged trails • Two swimming pools: a free-form pool with kids' area and a tide pool with cascading waterfalls, rock formations, and lush gardens • Ocean View and Ocean Front Accommodations. • All Inclusive and European Meal Plans • International cuisine in our Oceanfront Restaurants • Nearby shopping at Plaza & downtown area. • Three miles from Chakanaab Park • Only Six miles from Cozumel International Airport ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Booking.com, Hotwire, BookIt.com, Despegar.com, Agoda, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Orbitz, Cancelon, Priceline, Odigeo and Jetsetter so you can book your El Cid La Ceiba Beach Hotel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- El Cid Cozumel
- El Cid La Ceiba Cozumel


text:
I have a netbook loaded with Windows 7: Home Premium. I also have a x4550 Lexmark wireless printer. Whenever I try to print from my netbook, the printer starts printing and then abruptly stops. Then the Wi-Fi status icon on the printer then starts flashing orange (meaning there's connection problems with the router).
Another peculiarity is that my netbook gets disconnected from the wireless router when printing. I'm only able to print one page before it disconnects the netbook from the router.
I am able to print from any other PC except the one loaded with Windows 7. The drivers on the netbook are up to date for the printer as well.
Any ideas?