text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 9, 1988
|Filing date
|Sep 11, 1987
|Priority date
|Sep 11, 1987
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Edward L. Schlueter, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (44), Classifications (14), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
< m/n<1 and m+n>350.
The present invention relates to elastomeric fuser members for electrostatographic printing apparatus. In particular it relates to compositions having improved thermal conductivity in fuser member applications.
In electrostatographic reproducing apparatus commonly used today a photoconductive insulating member is typically charged to a uniform potential and thereafter exposed to a light image of an original document to be reproduced. The exposure discharges the photoconductive insulating surface in exposed or background areas and creates an electrostatic latent image on the member which corresponds to the image contained within the original document. Alternatively, a light beam may be modulated and used to selectively discharge portions of the charged photoconductive surface to record the desired information thereon. Typically, such a system employs a laser beam. Subsequently, the electrostatic latent image on the photoconductive insulating surface is made visible by developing the image with developer powder referred to in the art as toner. Most development systems employ developer which comprises both charged carrier particles and charged toner particles which triboelectrically adhere to the carrier particles. During development the toner particles are attracted from the carrier particles by the charged pattern of the image areas of the photoconductive insulating area to form a powder image on the photoconductive area. This toner image may be subsequently transferred to a support surface such as copy paper to which it may be permanently affixed by heating or by the application of pressure. The present invention relates to the fusing of the toner image on a support.
The use of thermal energy for fixing toner images onto a support member is well known. In order to fuse electroscopic toner material onto a support surface permanently by heat, it is necessary to elevate the temperature of the toner material to a point at which the constituents of the toner material coalesce and become tacky. This heating causes the toner to flow to some extent into the fibers or pores of the support member. Thereafter, as the toner material cools, solidification of the toner material causes the toner material to be firmly bonded to the support.
Several approaches to thermal fusing of electroscopic toner images have been described in the prior art. These methods include providing the application of heat and pressure substantially concurrently by various means: a roll pair maintained in pressure contact; a flat or curved plate member in pressure contact with a roll; a belt member in pressure contact with a roll; and the like. Heat may be applied by heating one or both of the rolls, plate members or belt members. The fusing of the toner particles takes place when the proper combination of heat, pressure and contact time are provided. The balancing of these parameters to bring about the fusing of the toner particles is well known in the art, and they can be adjusted to suit particular machines or process conditions.
One approach to thermal fusing of toner material images onto the supporting substrate has been to pass the substrate with the unfused toner images thereon between a pair of opposed roller members at least one of which is internally heated. During operation of the fusing system of this type, the support member to which toner images are electrostatically adhered is moved through the nip formed between the rolls with the toner image contacting the fuser roll thereby to affect heating of the toner images within the nip. Typical of such fusing devices are two roll systems wherein the fusing roll is coated with an abhesive material, such as silicone rubber or other low surface energy elastomer as, for example, tetrafluoroethylene resin sold by E. I. DuPont de Nemours under the tradename Teflon. The silicone rubbers which can be used as the surface of the fuser member can be classified into three groups according to the vulcanization method and temperature, i.e. room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber hereinafter referred to as RTV silicone rubber, liquid injection moldable or extrudable silicone rubber, and high temperature vulcanization type silicone rubber, referred to as HTV rubber. All these silicone rubbers or elastomers are well known in the art and are commercially available.
During operation of a fusing system in which heat is applied to cause thermal fusing of the toner particles onto a support, both the toner image and the support are passed through a nip formed between the roll pair, plate or belt members. The concurrent transfer of heat and the application of pressure in the nip effects the fusing of the toner image onto the support. It is important in the fusing process that no offset of the toner particles from the support to the fuser member takes place during normal operations. Toner particles offset onto the fuser member may subsequently transfer to other parts of the machine or onto the support in subsequent copying cycles, thus increasing the background or interfering with the material being copied. The so called "hot offset" occurs when the temperature of the toner is raised to a point where the toner particles liquify and a splitting of the molten toner takes place during the fusing operation with a portion remaining on the fuser member. The hot offset temperature or degradation of the hot offset temperature is a measure of the release property of the fuser roll, and accordingly it is desired to provide a fusing surface which has a low surface energy to provide the necessary release. While many materials may initially function with good release properties with continued use, they tend to be contaminated with paper fibers, debris and toner as a result of hot offset of toner, thereby increasing the surface energy of the roll and perpetuating the destruction of release performance. In addition, once the roll becomes contaminated the hot offset temperature starts to reduce and may reach a level near or below the minimum temperature necessary to fuse the toner image thereby leading to both incomplete fusing of the toner image and offsetting of the toner image to the fuser roll. Once the fuser roll begins to be contaminated, contaminates are likely to be transferred to the pressure roll because it is generally of higher surface energy material.
It has also been proposed to provide toner release agents such as silicone oil, in particular, polydimethyl silicone oil, which is applied on the fuser roll to a thickness of the order of about 1 micron to act as a toner release material. These materials possess a relatively low surface energy and are suitable for use in the heated fuser roll environment. In practice, a thin layer of silicone oil is applied to the surface of the heated roll to form an interface between the roll surface and the toner image carried on the support material. Thus, a low surface energy, easily parted layer is presented to the toners that pass through the fuser nip and thereby prevents toner from offsetting to the fuser roll surface.
In addition, further difficulties may be encountered in such a fusing system in that the operational latitude may be unduly restricted. By operational latitude, it is intended to mean the difference in temperature between the minimum temperature required to fix the toner to the paper, the minimum fix temperature, and the temperature at which the hot toner will offset to the fuser roll, the hot offset temperature. Accordingly, as the hot offset temperature is reduced, this latitude is restricted. Typically, the fusing latitude must be maintained greater than 40� F. and preferably of the order of 60� F. to 70� F. This is necessary for modern day reproducing flexibility which requires the capability to use many different types and weights of paper, different toner materials and amounts thereof as well as respond to use in a wide variety of speeds, and other operational conditions. It is also true that greater latitude is required to provide high quality copies particularly where toner pile height is increased to provide improved copy quality.
Typically fuser members such as the fuser roll have a thin elastomeric surface layer applied to a metallic cylindrical sleeve such as aluminum which is heated by a heating element disposed in the center of the aluminum sleeve. Since the fusing temperature is of the order of about 400� F., the design of the fuser roll is such as to minimize power requirements to maintain the fusing temperature at the surface of the elastomer layer. Accordingly, the elastomer layer is generally designed to be as thin as possible and typically has substantial quantities of thermally conductive filler such as alumina, iron oxide and others added thereto. The thermally conductive filler increases the thermal conductivity of the elastomer layer thereby minimizing the thermal barrier to heat radiating from inside the fuser member to the outermost layer of the elastomer and reducing the power requirements. While the fillers such as alumina and silica are effective in increasing thermal conductivity of the elastomer layer since these particulate materials are relatively high surface energy materials when incorporated in the elastomer layer, the release properties of the elastomer layer are gradually degraded with continuing use. As a result, the hot offset temperature is reduced and the fusing latitude may also be reduced with time.
Accordingly, there is a continuing need for a fuser member having an elastomer surface fusing layer thereon of high thermal conductivity and which maintains good release characteristics on the elastomer surface.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,050,490, Nitzsche et al. disclose the use of boron nitride in silicone elastomers to control the degree of self-adhesion of the vulcanized silicone rubber. The compositions are described as being useful for applications for self-adhering silicone rubber such as electrical insulating, joint sealants, packing rings, laminating materials, etc.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,292,225 to Theodore et al. discloses a thick highly filled thermally conductive elastomer which comprises an organopolysiloxane with a viscosity modifier, silica and a thermally conductive boron refractory powder preferably boron nitride which aids thermal conductivity. These highly filled thermally conductive elastomers are described as being useful in ring gear assemblies.
In accordance with the present invention, a fuser member for use in electrostatographic printing machines has a base support member having a thermally conductive elastomeric surface layer coated thereon which elastomeric surface layer contains boron nitride filler particles dispersed therein in an amount to increase the thermal conductivity of the elastomer while maintaining good release characteristics of the elastomer surface.
In a further aspect of the present invention, the elastomer is a cured polyorganosiloxane, or fluoroelastomer.
In a further aspect of the present invention, the boron nitride particles are present in an amount up to about 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the elastomer.
In a further aspect of the present invention, the boron nitride particles have an average diameter of from about 5 to 15 microns.
In a further aspect of the present invention, the base member is a metallic cylindrical roll and the elastomeric surface layer is from about 0.1 mm to about 2.5 mm thick and the cylindrical roll has a heating element disposed within its center.
According to the present invention and contrary to the general expectations of the prior art, when adding a high surface energy filler to an elastomer composition, it has surprisingly been found that boron nitride is unique in obtaining an elastomer with high thermal conductivity at relatively low filler loadings while maintaining good release properties on the elastomer fusing surface. While the increase in thermal conductivity by the addition of boron nitride filler particles might be expected, it was indeed unexpected that the release stripping performance could be maintained. While the reason for this is not thoroughly understood and not wishing to be bound to any particular theory, it is believed that the hexagonal crystal structure of boron nitride, with a shear plane similar to graphite may act in some fashion as a dry lubricant providing a lubricity to the elastomer surface.
A further significant embodiment of the present invention involves a unique filler system combining the irregularly shaped, low hardness boron nitride filler particles having a particle size of from about 5 to about 15 microns with another low hardness filler material of smaller sub-micron size such as iron oxide to optimize filler packing efficiency in the elastomer. Up to 100 parts by weight of such submicron filler may be added per 100 parts by weight elastomer.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a dry roll fuser system which may use the fuser roll of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the fuser roll.
FIG. 1 shows a fuser roll 10 useful for use in the present invention. Although the fuser member shown in FIG. 1 is in the form of a roll, it is to be understood that the present invention is applicable to fuser members of other shapes, such as plates or belts. In FIG. 1, the fuser roll 10 is composed of a core 11 having coated thereon a thin layer 12 of the elastomer according to the present invention. The core 11 may be made of various metals such as iron, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, etc., and various synthetic resins. Aluminum is preferred as the material for the core 11, although this is not critical. The core 11 is hollow and a heating element 13 is generally positioned inside the hollow core to supply the heat for the fusing operation. Heating elements suitable for this purpose are known in the prior art and may comprise a quartz heater made of a quartz envelope having a tungsten resistance heating element disposed internally therein. The method of providing the necessary heat is not critical to the present invention, and the fuser member can be heated by internal means, external means or a combination of both. All heating means are well known in the art for providing sufficient heat to fuse the toner to the support. The composition of layer 12 will be described in detail below.
The fuser roll 10 is shown in a pressure contact arrangement with a backup or pressure roll 14. The pressure roll 14 comprises a metal core 15 with a layer 16 of a heat-resistant material. In this assembly, both the fuser roll 10 and the pressure roll 13 are mounted on shafts (not shown) which are biased so that the fuser roll 10 and pressure roll 14 are pressed against each other under sufficient pressure to form a nip 18. It is in this nip that the fusing or fixing action takes place. It has been found that the quality of the copies produced by the fuser assembly is better when the nip is formed by a relatively hard and unyielding layer 16 with a relatively flexible layer 12. In this manner, the nip is formed by a slight deformation in the layer 12 due to the biasing of fuser roll 10 on the pressure roll 14. The layer 16 may be made of any of the well known materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyfluoroalkoxy resin, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer or silicone rubber.
A sheet of support material 19 such as paper bearing thereon toner image 20 passes between the fuser roll 10 and the pressure roll 14 and the toner image thereon is fused.
FIG. 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment wherein intermediate the thin layer 12 and the supporting core 11 is an intermediate high temperature resistant elastomeric layer which may be of any suitable material. Typical materials which can be used for this intermediate layer include HTV silcone rubbers, addition curable silicone rubbers, or copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene and terpolymers and tetrapolymers based on vinylidene fluoride, hexafluropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company under the trademark Viton.
The elastomers which may be used in accordance with the present invention must be heat stable elastomers or resin materials which can withstand elevated temperatures generally from about 90� C. up to about 200� C. or higher depending upon the temperature desired for fusing the toner to the substrate. The elastomers used should resist degradation or attack by any release agent which is used to promote release of the molten or tackified toner from the fuser member. Typical elastomers which may be used in accordance with the present invention are the polyorganosiloxanes, fluoro silicone elastomers and fluoro elastomers such as vinylidene fluoride baked elastomers.
A preferred group of elastomers include the polyorganosiloxanes, curable silicone elastomers such as the commercially available condensation curable and addition curable materials. Typical curable polyorganosiloxanes are represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl having less than 19 carbon atoms, each of A and B may be any of methyl, hydroxy or vinyl groups and
0<m/n<1 and m+n>350.
The condensation curable polyorganosiloxanes are typically silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxanes such as: ##STR2## where n" is 350 to 2700. The terminating silanol groups render the materials susceptible to condensation under acid or mild basic conditions and are produced by kinetically controlled hydrolysis of chlorosilanes. Room temperature vulcanizable (RTV's) systems are formulated from these silanol terminated polymers with a molecular weight of 26,000 to 200,000 and they may be crosslinked with small quantities of multifunctional silanes which condense with the silanol group. Crosslinking agents which are suitable for purposes of the present invention include esters of orthosilisic acid, esters of polysilic acid and alkyl trialkoxy silanes. Specific examples of suitable crosslinking agents for the condensation cured materials include tetramethylorthosilicate, tetraethylorthosilicate, 2-methoxyethylsilicate tetrahydrofurfurylsilicate, ethylpolysilicate and butylpolysilicate, etc. During the crosslinking reaction, an alcohol is typically split out leading to a crosslinked network. We particularly prefer to use condensed tetraethylorthosilicate as a crosslinking agent in the composition of the invention. The amount of the crosslinking agent employed is not critical as long as sufficient amount is used to completely crosslink the active end groups on the disilanol polymer. In this respect, the amount of crosslinking agent required depends on the number average molecular weight of the disilanol polymer employed. With higher average molecular weight polymer there are fewer active end groups present and thus a lesser amount of crosslinking agent is required and vice versa. When excess amounts of crosslinking agents are used, the excess is easily removed from the cured composition. Generally, with the preferred alpha, omega hydroxy polydimethyl siloxane having a number average molecular weight of between about 26,000 to about 100,000 we have found that between about 6 to 20 parts by weight of condensed tetraethylorthosilicate per 100 parts by weight of disilanol polymer to be suitable.
A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a liquid addition cured polyorganosiloxanes achieved by using siloxanes containing vinyl groups at the chain ends and/or scattered randomly along the chain along with siloxanes having anything more than two silicone hydrogen bonds per molecule. Typically these materials are cured at temperatures of from about 100� C. to 250� C.
Typical materials are represented by the formula: ##STR3## where A", B" and R" are methyl or vinyl provided the vinyl functionality is at least 2,
0<s/r<1, 350<r+s<2700.
By the term the vinyl functionality is at least 2 it is meant that in the formula for each molecule there must be at least a total of 2 vinyl groups in the A", B" or any of the several R" sites within the formula. In the presence of suitable catalysts such as solutions or complexes of chloroplatinic acid or other platinum compounds in alcohols, ethers or divinylsiloxanes reaction occurs with temperatures of 100� C. to 250� C. with the addition of polyfunctional silicon hydride to the unsaturated groups in the polysiloxane chain. Typical hydride crosslinkers are methylhydrodimethylsiloxane copolymers with about 15-70 percent methylhydrogen. Elastomers so produced exhibit increased toughness, tensile strength and dimensional stability. Typically, these materials comprise the addition of two separate parts of the formulation, part A containing the vinyl terminated polyorganosiloxane, the catalyst and the filler, part B containing the same or another vinyl terminated polyorganosiloxane, the crosslink moiety such as a hydride functional silane and the same or additional filler where part A and part B are normally in a ratio of one to one. During the addition curing operation the material is crosslinked via the equation
.tbd.SiH+CH2 ═CHSi.tbd.→.tbd.SiCH2 CH2 Si.tbd.
Since hydrogen is added across the double bond no offensive byproduct such as acids or alcohols is obtained.
Accordingly and by way of example in the Formula for the polyorganosiloxane typical substituted alkyl groups include alkoxy and substituted alkoxy, chloropropyl, trifluoropropyl, mercaptopropyl, carboxypropyl, aminopropyl and cyanopropyl. Typical substituted alkoxy substituents include glycidoxypropyl, and methacryloxypropyl. Typical alkenyl substituents include vinyl and propenyl, while substituted alkenyl include halogen substituted materials such as chlorovinyl, bromopropenyl. Typical aryl or substituted groups include phenyl and chlorophenyl. Hydrogen, hydroxy, ethoxy and vinyl are preferred because of superior crosslinkability. Methyl, trifluoropropyl and phenyl are preferred in providing superior solvent resistance, higher temperature stability and surface lubricity. The ratio of
being between 0 and 1 identifies the polyorganosiloxane as a copolymer and the sum of m+n being greater than 350 identifies it as an elastomeric material.
The crosslinking agent used in the composition is for the purpose of obtaining a material with sufficient crosslink density to obtain maximum strength and fatigue resistance. The amount of crosslinking agent employed is not critical as long as the amount used is sufficient to sufficiently crosslink the active groups of the polymer used.
Crosslinking catalysts are well known in the art include among others, stanneous octoate, dibutyltindilaurate, dibutyltindiacetate and dibutyltindicaproate for the condensation cured polyorganosiloxanes. The amount of catalysts employed is not critical however, too small an amount of catalyst may lead to a very small reaction which is impractical. On the other hand, excessive amounts of catalysts may cause a breakdown of the crosslinked polymer network at high temperatures to yield a less crosslinked and weaker material thus adversely affecting the mechanical and thermal properties of the cured material.
Another group of preferred elastomers useful in the present invention are the fluoroelastomers and the most preferred fluoroelastomers are the vinylidene fluoride-based fluroelastomers which contain hexafluoropropylene as a comonomer. Two of the most preferred fluoroelastomers are a class of copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene known commercially as Viton A and a class of terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene known commercially as Viton B. Viton A and Viton B and other Viton designations are trademarks of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company. Mixtures of the foregoing, vinylidene fluoride-based fluoride elastomers with tetrafluoroethylene with silicone rubber and fluorosilicone rubber, may also be compounded. The molecular weight of these elastomers may vary from a low of about 1,000 to a high of about 200,000 with more preferred embodiments of vinylidene fluoride based fluoroelastomers having a molecular weight range of about 50,000 to about 100,000. Typically, these fluoroelastomers can be cured by a nucleophilic addition cure of crosslinking agent or agents as is well known in the art with a bisphenol crosslinking agent and an organophosphonium salt accelerator as is described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,179 to Seanor.
The boron nitride filler particles are white crystals and have a hexagonal platey structure resembling that of graphite. They are not abrasive, but are temperature resistant and exhibit high thermal conductivity. They are commercially available in several grades and sizes. Typical suitable materials include those available from Sohio Engineering Materials Co. under the trademark designation Combat SHP-40 and SHP-325 which are high purity grades of boron nitride having different screen sizes. SHP-40 is the coarser of the two with 90% passing a 40 mesh screen and being retained on 150 mesh screen and SHP-325 having 90% of the particles pass through a 325 mesh screen. The amount of boron nitride employed in the elastomer composition can vary over a wide range up to about 100 parts of boron nitride per 100 parts of the elastomer at which point the addition of additional filler makes processing difficult. The minimum amount present in the elastomer composition should be that which will substantially increase the thermal conductivity of the elastomer while maintaining good release properties of the elastomeric surface. Typically from about 10 to about 50 parts by weight of boron nitride for 100 parts by weight of elastomer may be used. The best balance between increased thermal conductivity in a fuser roll application while maintaining release characteristics is obtained with between 20 parts of boron nitride and 40 parts by weight of boron nitride per 100 parts of elastomer.
Another unexpected advantage in the use of boron nitride filler is in improving the structural life of a silicone elastomer fuser member used with a silicone fluid release agent and in particular a low viscosity silicone oil. It is believed that the boron nitride reduces the rate of diffusion of the silicone oil through the silicone elastomer to the substrate thereby reducing the propensity toward debonding of the elastomer from the substrate. However, the precise mechanism is not fully understood at the present time.
A particularly preferred embodiement of the present invention includes the use of additional sub-micron fillers in combination with the boron nitride. These fillers provide an additional reinforcing function to the cured elastomer by optimizing the filler packing efficiency between the sub-micron particles and the slightly larger boron nitride particles. Typical fillers of this character are low hardness iron oxide which may be added in amounts up to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts elastomer and preferably from 20 to 40 parts per 100 parts elastomer. By low hardness it is intended to define materials having a hardness less than about 2 Mohs.
Other additives or agents may be incorporated in the elastomeric composition in accordance with the present invention as along as they do not effect the integrity of the elastomer. Such agents include coloring agents, processing aids, accelerators and polymerization initiators may be used in addition to the crosslinking agents and catalysts referred to above. The boron nitride filler, alone or in combination with additional low hardness fillers, may be dispersed in the elastomer material in any suitable or convenient form and manner. It is preferably uniformly dispersed in the elastomer during compounding. For example, when the elastomer is in the form of a gum, the boron nitride and other filler may be milled into the gum prior to curing to form the elastomer. In general, the boron nitride filler and any other filler are dispersed in the elastomer by mixing with the elastomer gum or other millable form of the elastomer compound preferably prior to solution or homoginization before application to the base member. The boron nitride and any other filler present may be dispersed in the elastomer by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art. For example in a pebble mill, the boron nitride and elastomer may be compounded during which the boron nitride may be reduced in in particle size. The compounding, however, should not be carried out to such an extent that the boron nitride loses its general geometric shape.
The fuser members may then be prepared by applying the elastomer having the boron nitride and any other filler dispersed therein directly to the base member in one application or by successively applying layers of the elastomer composition to the base member. The coating is most conveniently carried out by spraying or dipping in a light solution or homogenous suspension containing the filler. Molding, extruding and wrapping are also alternative techniques which may be used to make the fuser members. Typically, the elastomeric surface layer is from about 0.1 mm to about 2.5 mm thick. When the desired thickness of elastomer composition is coated on the base member, the elastomer composition is cured and thereby fused to the base member.
The following examples further define and describe fuser members prepared according to the present invention. EXAMPLES III, IV and V are for purposes of comparison. Unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are by weight.
200 grams of Rhodorsil 48V3500, 300 grams of Rhodorsil 48V750, both obtained from Rhone-Poulenc Company and both believed to contain αω hydroxypolydimethyl siloxane having viscosities of 3500 and 750 centistokes respectively, together with 150 grams of boron nitride (BN-40SHP available from Sohio Carborundum), 150 grams of iron oxide (Mapico 297 available from Columbian Chemical) together with 200 grams of methylethyl ketone were added to a pebble mill (Model O made by U.S. Stoneware Corporation) and mixed for 5 minutes at 75 RPM. To this mixture was added 75 grams of Silbond 40 an ethyl polysilicate available from Stauffer Chemical Company and mixing continued with an additional 100 grams of methyl ethyl ketone being added. The resulting mixture was milled for 24 hours at 75 rpm. To 100 grams of this mixture was added 0.45 grams of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst and the mixture was electrostatically sprayed onto a 3" diameter aluminum substrate which had previously been prepared by degreasing with solvent and by the application of a silane (S-11 available from Emerson Cuming) to the core followed by dying in air for 30 minutes. Spraying was continued until a layer about 0.25 mm thick was obtained after which it was cured in air at room temperature for approximately 20 hours, followed by an oven post cure for 3 hours at 250� F., 3 hours at 350� F. and a final 3 hours at 450� F.
The cured fuser roll was subjected to the following oil stress test. It was first aged at 380� F. for 330 hours while 1000 cs silicone oil was applied. The fuser roll was then placed in a fusing fixture and cycled against a pressure roll (Xerox 9500) at 65 pounds per linear inch while 1000 centistokes silicone oil was applied with a donor roll. After 200 continuous hours of cyclic fatiguing running the fuser roll against the pressure roll no significant change in the roll structures was observed. The usual failure mode is an elastomer debond from the core referred to as "worm-holing" which starts initially as a small gap between the elastomer and the core which typically rapidly propogates as a spiral debond of several inches around the roll.
Test films 0.010 inch thick of the same composition produced for evaluation of other properties yielded:
Thermal conductivity--13.75�10-4 cal/cm-sec-Deg C
Youngs Modulus--1988 psi
Toughness--316 in-lbs/in3
Hardness 86 Shore A
Ultimate Elongation 96%
The procedure of EXAMPLE I is repeated except that only 115 gram each of the boron nitride and iron oxide were added to the mixture. Test films about 0.010 inch thick yielded the following results:
Thermal Conductivity--10.5�10-4 cal/cm-Sec-Deg C
Youngs Modulus--900 psi
Toughness--285 in-lbs/in3
Hardness--72 Shore A
Ultimate Elongation--115%
The procedure of EXAMPLE I is repeated except that the filler was 300 grams of iron oxide with no boron nitride present. Test films about 0.010 inches thick and Oil Stress test yielded the following results:
Oil Stress Test--worm holing failure at 90 hours
Thermal Conductivity--6.25 cal/cm - Sec - Deg C
Youngs Modulus--440 psi
Toughness--147 in-lbs/in3
Tensile strength--380 psi
Hardness--56 Shore A
Ultimate Elongation--88%
The procedure of EXAMPLE I is repeated except that 500 grams of Rhodorsil 48V3500 was used alone without any Rhodorsil 48V750 and 300 grams of iron oxide was used as filler without any boron nitride. Test films about 0.010 inch thick and oil stress test yielded the following results:
Oil Stress Test--worm holing failure at 7 hours
Thermal Conductivity--6.25 cal/cm-sec-DegC
Youngs Modulus--345 psi
Toughness--194 in-lbs/in3
Tensile Strength--346 psi
Hardness--51 Shore A
Ultimate Elongation--125%
Test films about 0.010 inch thick were prepared according to EXAMPLE I of 500 grams of Rhodorsil 48V3500 75 grams of Silbond 40 and 5,65 grams of dibutyltin dilaurate. The cured elastomer had a thermal conductivity of 3.5 cal/cm-Sec-DegC.
Two fuser rolls were made according to the formulation and procedures of EXAMPLE II, one of which had a 2 inch diameter aluminum substrate and the other had a 21/2 diameter substrate. The elastomeric surface layer was 0.25 mm thick for each roll. Both rolls were tested in a xerographic machine in a fusing environment, fusing toner images onto paper substrates. In the fusing system with the 2 inch substrate a 100 centistoke silicone oil release fluid was metered onto the pressure roll for transfer to the fuser roll surface and in the system with the 21/2 inch substrate a 10,000 centistoke silicone oil release fluid was applied from an impregnated web to the fuser roll surface. Both fuser systems were run for over 550,000 copies without any mechanical failure (debonding) and both maintained fusing latitude with no change in hot offset (above 400� F.) or minimum fix (about 300� F.) temperature. In addition, copy sheet stripping performance from the fuser roll remained good throughout the test,
Thus according to the present invention, a fuser member having improved thermal conductivity at lower filler loadings is provided which at the same time unexpectedly maintains its good release characteristics since the hot offset temperature is not degraded. Moreover, while some increase in the modulus would be expected by the substitution of boron nitride for some of the iron oxide, (compare EXAMPLES I, III, and IV), it would not be expected to increase by a factor of 4. In addition, normally as the modulus is increased, the toughness (cyclic fatigue life) decreases. Surprisingly, however, the substitution of boron nitride for some of the iron oxide resulted in an increase in the toughness as well as a dramatic increase in modulus. The oil stress test in the EXAMPLES is of significance in showing mechanical failure in a fusing environment caused at least in part by the silicone oil penetrating or diffusing through the elastomer causing it to swell, leading to debonding.
Because of the increased thermal conductivity, when used as an internally heated roll, a lower core temperature is enabled thereby adding life to the fuser and reducing power requirements to maintain the surface temperature. Furthermore since the boron nitride is white in color, any wearing of the rubber resulting in deposition of fine particles on paper will produce a white rather than a black or grey particle on paper. In addition, since the boron nitride is not abrasive in nature wear on stripper fingers or release agent delivery systems is minimal. Finally in the normal finishing operation for a fuser roll the surface is lightly sanded which frequently produces a slightly tacky surface. With the use of boron nitride, this difficulty is not observed.
All the patents referred to herein are hereby specifically and totally incorporated by reference in their entirety into the instant specification.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific and preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that various modifications and variations will be apparent to the artisan. For example, while the invention has been shown with respect to the formation of a fuser member in the configuration of a fuser roll, it will be be equally well understood that it may be used in the configuration of a belt or pad. In addition, while the fuser member has been illustrated as a fuser roll, it may in addition be employed as pressure roll or release agent donor roller. All such modifications and embodiments as may been readily occur to one in the art are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
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|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Thermal fixing roll for electrographic processing
|Oct 24, 1983
|May 13, 1986
|Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.
|Cleaning roller intermediate transfer member
|Apr 24, 1985
|Jun 24, 1986
|Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
|Heat roller fixing device
|Oct 14, 1983
|Oct 14, 1986
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fixing device
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 31, 1988
|Aug 1, 1989
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Roll useful in electrostatography
|Dec 5, 1988
|Jun 19, 1990
|Xerox Corporation
|Electrophotographic fuser roll and fusing process
|Feb 8, 1989
|Apr 30, 1991
|Dow Corning Corporation
|Thermally conductive organosiloxane compositions
|Feb 9, 1990
|Jul 30, 1991
|Ames Rubber Corporation
|Fluoroelastomer coated fuser roll
|Nov 21, 1988
|Jul 30, 1991
|Benzion Landa
|Field assisted filter and electrophotographic copying machine using the same
|May 16, 1990
|Sep 17, 1991
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fixing rotating member coated with an elastic layer and an offset prevention layer with a predetermined oil absorption rate
|Jun 12, 1991
|Oct 6, 1992
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image fixing rotatable member and image fixing apparatus with same
|Jan 4, 1989
|Oct 20, 1992
|Spectrum Sciences, B.V.
|Fusing apparatus and method
|Jul 3, 1989
|Jun 15, 1993
|Spectrum Sciences B.V.
|Liquid developer based imaging machine using a developing electrode
|Jul 22, 1991
|Oct 12, 1993
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image fixing rotatable member and image fixing apparatus with same
|May 6, 1992
|Nov 16, 1993
|Spectrum Sciences, B.V.
|Composition of matter useful for fusing of developed images and method and apparatus using same
|May 15, 1991
|Jul 19, 1994
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fixing rotatable member having conductive parting layer and fixing apparatus using same
|Jun 30, 1994
|Dec 12, 1995
|Ames Rubber Corporation
|Metal oxide free fluoroelastomer fusing member containing same
|Sep 28, 1994
|Mar 12, 1996
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Toner image fixing device with deformable cylinder
|May 27, 1994
|Jul 9, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Fusing roll having a fluorocarbon-silicone barrier layer
|Sep 16, 1993
|Dec 10, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Fluorocarbon-silicone coated articles useful as toner fusing members
|Sep 3, 1993
|Jun 3, 1997
|Indigo N.V.
|Method and apparatus for imaging using an intermediate transfer member
|Jan 11, 1995
|Apr 28, 1998
|Indigo N.V.
|Imaging apparatus and intermediate transfer blanket therefor
|Aug 1, 1996
|Jun 9, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method of increasing gloss and transparency clarity of fused toner images
|Sep 9, 1996
|Sep 29, 1998
|Indigo N.V.
|Method and apparatus for printing on both sides of a substrate
|May 9, 1997
|Nov 24, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
|Polymer nanocomposites
|Nov 13, 1995
|Dec 8, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
|Thermally stable fuser member
|Dec 12, 1995
|Jul 13, 1999
|Ames Rubber Corporation
|Method for fabricating metal oxide free fluoroelastomer fusing member
|Jul 27, 1998
|Oct 12, 1999
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Heat-pressure fixing device and silicone rubber roller
|Jun 29, 1998
|Dec 28, 1999
|Xerox Corporation
|Method for increasing thermal conductivity of fuser member having elastomer and anisotropic filler coating
|Mar 18, 1996
|Apr 11, 2000
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Heating roller apparatus for equipment using an electrophotographic process
|Dec 30, 1998
|Apr 17, 2001
|Nexpress Solutions
|Fluorocarbon fuser member with silicon carbide filler
|May 12, 2000
|Aug 7, 2001
|Nitto Kogyo Co., Ltd.
|Fixing apparatus
|Oct 8, 1997
|Jun 18, 2002
|Smith International, Inc.
|O-ring seal with lubricant additives for rock bit bearings
|Apr 8, 1998
|Aug 27, 2002
|Xerox Corporation
|Thermally conductive fuser belt
|Apr 22, 1998
|Jul 22, 2003
|Advanced Heating Technologies Ltd.
|Electrical heating elements and method for producing same
|Feb 19, 2002
|Jul 6, 2004
|Xerox Corporation
|Electrophotographic system with member formed from boron nitride filler coupled to a silane
|Jan 25, 2002
|May 30, 2006
|Xerox Corporation
|Seamed, conformable belt and method of making
|Dec 22, 2006
|Jun 2, 2009
|Xerox Corporation
|Fuser member with diamond filler
|Jan 18, 2011
|Aug 28, 2012
|Xerox Corporation
|Polyamideimide polybenzimidazole containing intermediate transfer members
|Jun 30, 2009
|May 27, 2014
|Bridgestone Corporation
|Tire components with improved heat transfer
|Apr 23, 2001
|Sep 4, 2003
|Cross Robert P.
|Conducive, silicone-based compositions with improved initial adhesion reduced microvoiding
|Aug 18, 2004
|Feb 10, 2005
|Hokushin Corporation
|Roller member
|Jan 15, 2004
|Jul 21, 2005
|Xerox Corporation
|Two stage fusing method and apparatus for high-speed full process color
|Apr 14, 2004
|Jul 26, 2007
|Yuichi Tsuji
|Thermoconductive addition-curable liquid silicone rubber composition and coated fixing roll
|Jun 30, 2009
|Jan 7, 2010
|Matthiesen Mary M
|Tire components with improved heat transfer
|Jul 19, 2012
|Xerox Corporation
|Polyamideimide polybenzimidazole containing intermediate transfer members
|Oct 12, 1999
|Apr 26, 2000
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Heat fixing devices comprising an elastic layer of high thermal conductivity
|Nov 21, 1989
|May 31, 1990
|Spectrum Sciences B.V.
|Liquid developer based imaging machine and developer electrode therefor
|U.S. Classification
|399/324, 118/60, 430/124.32, 399/330, 430/124.35, 430/124.33
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 11, 1987
Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, STAMFORD, COUNTY OF FAIRFIELD,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SCHLUETER, EDWARD L. JR.;REEL/FRAME:004790/0390
Effective date: 19870903
Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, STAMFORD, COUNTY OF FAIRFIELD,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SCHLUETER, EDWARD L. JR.;REEL/FRAME:004790/0390
Effective date: 19870903
|Dec 6, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 28, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 10, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Jun 28, 2002
Owner name: BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ILLINOIS
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:013153/0001
Effective date: 20020621
|Oct 31, 2003
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, TEXAS
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015134/0476
Effective date: 20030625
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT,TEXAS
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:015134/0476
Effective date: 20030625


text:
Most Popular Titles With Willmont Matthew
- Job Types
- Movies or TV
- Genres
- Keywords
- IMDb Rating
- Instant Watch Options
- In Theaters
- On TV
- Release Year
1. The Dark Knight Rises (2012)
PG-13 | 164 min | Action, Thriller
Eight years after the Joker's reign of anarchy, the Dark Knight, with the help of the enigmatic Selina, is forced from his imposed exile to save Gotham City, now on the edge of total annihilation, from the brutal guerrilla terrorist Bane.
Writers: Jonathan Nolan, Christopher Nolan, David S. Goyer, Bob Kane | Director: Christopher Nolan | Stars: Christian Bale, Tom Hardy, Anne Hathaway, Gary Oldman
Votes: 1,138,885 | Gross: $448.13M
2. X-Men: First Class (2011)
PG-13 | 132 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
In 1962, the United States government enlists the help of Mutants with superhuman abilities to stop a malicious dictator who is determined to start World War III.
Writers: Ashley Miller, Zack Stentz, Jane Goldman, Matthew Vaughn, Sheldon Turner, Bryan Singer | Director: Matthew Vaughn | Stars: James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Jennifer Lawrence, Kevin Bacon
Votes: 516,573 | Gross: $146.41M
3. Iron Man (2008)
PG-13 | 126 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
After being held captive in an Afghan cave, a billionaire engineer creates a unique weaponized suit of armor to fight evil.
Writers: Mark Fergus, Hawk Ostby, Art Marcum, Matt Holloway, Stan Lee, Don Heck, Larry Lieber, Jack Kirby | Director: Jon Favreau | Stars: Robert Downey Jr., Gwyneth Paltrow, Terrence Howard, Jeff Bridges
Votes: 693,397 | Gross: $318.30M
4. Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011)
PG-13 | 154 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
The Autobots learn of a Cybertronian spacecraft hidden on the moon, and race against the Decepticons to reach it and to learn its secrets.
Writer: Ehren Kruger | Director: Michael Bay | Stars: Shia LaBeouf, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Tyrese Gibson, Josh Duhamel
Votes: 325,346 | Gross: $352.36M
5. Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009)
PG-13 | 150 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
Sam Witwicky leaves the Autobots behind for a normal life. But when his mind is filled with cryptic symbols, the Decepticons target him and he is dragged back into the Transformers' war.
Writers: Ehren Kruger, Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman | Director: Michael Bay | Stars: Shia LaBeouf, Megan Fox, Josh Duhamel, Tyrese Gibson
Votes: 322,296 | Gross: $402.08M
6. Superhero Movie (2008)
PG-13 | 75 min | Action, Comedy, Sci-Fi
Orphaned high school student Rick Riker is bitten by a radioactive dragonfly, develops super powers (except for the ability to fly), and becomes a hero.
Writer: Craig Mazin | Director: Craig Mazin | Stars: Drake Bell, Leslie Nielsen, Sara Paxton, Christopher McDonald
Votes: 51,900 | Gross: $25.87M
7. Dream for an Insomniac (1996)
R | 90 min | Romance, Comedy, Drama
Girl leads a lonely life until she meets the boy of her dreams. The boy, however, has a live-in girlfriend.
Writer: Tiffanie DeBartolo | Director: Tiffanie DeBartolo | Stars: Ione Skye, Jennifer Aniston, Mackenzie Astin, Michael Landes
Votes: 2,353

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tart & Tangy Blueberry Flavored E-Liquid
The flavor in this one is hard to describe outside of a blueberry sweet tart. Made in the USA – Manufactured in Kalamazoo MI.
Product Description
Tart & Tangy Blueberry Flavored E-Liquid
Packed with flavor, this vape took a while to perfect, but once it gave us that bite on the back of our tongues, we knew we had mastered this sweet and tart favorite. The flavor in this one is hard to describe outside of a sweet tart. It truly tastes like you have a mouthful of candy. As the creator, and a mostly tobacco vaper, I vaped my whole test batch and had to make another for everyone else to try. The funny thing…there is no sweet tart flavoring in it! Another top seller.
Hometown Vapor Tart & Tangy Blueberry Flavored E-Liquid is made in the USA – Manufactured in Kalamazoo MI.
Hometown Vapor Flavored E-Liquids have been carefully designed to give our customers the best most genuine, rich, full taste available. Our e-liquids are available in many nicotine levels (0mg, 1.5mg, 3mg, 6mg, 12mg, 18mg, 24mg) and five sizes (5ml, 12ml, 32ml, 50ml, 120ml).
Every Hometown Vapor Flavored E-Liquid is made with vaping approved flavorings, and mixed with Kosher USP Food Grade PG / VG.
All Hometown Vapor Flavored E-Liquid can be made at most PG/VG ratio. Nothing can be made at 100% VG. We offer max VG and add flavor to higher VG juices, but keep in mind that there will be flavor loss the higher VG you go. Our juices are made and tested at 70/30 and 50/50 mixes, then we do the math to offer other ratios. We recommend 70/30 for basic "stick style" batteries and basic tanks and 50/50 for those who use higher end mods, rda's, and rba's. After 50% VG the flavor will begin to diminish, although many of our customers regularly get higher VG juices and love it.
( There are no refunds or returns on E-Liquids due to personal taste and preferences)
Additional Information
|Bottle Size
120 ml, 12 ml, 32 ml, 50 ml
1.5mg, 0mg, 3mg, 6mg, 12mg, 18mg, 24mg
50PG/50VG, 70PG/30VG, Max VG
No, Yes
There are no reviews yet.
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


text:
WBGO Gallery Exhibition
On display through June 30, 2016
- 54 Park Place, Newark, NJ 07102
- Open: Monday through Friday, 9AM to 5PM
Join us for a free gallery reception on Thursday, April 21, 2016, 6PM - 8PM at the WBGO Art Gallery. View the exhibit and enjoy live entertainment.
About the Artist
Nell Painter (the painter formerly known as the historian Nell Irvin Painter, author of The History of White People, Sojourner Truth, A Life, A Symbol, and Creating Black Americans and the Edwards Professor of American History, Emerita, Princeton University) lives and works in Newark, New Jersey.
Artist's Statement
My work carries discursive as well as visual meaning, and I make it in my characteristic manual + digital process. My art conveys visual sense but visual sense not only. Using found images and digital manipulation, I reconfigure the past and revision myself through self-portraits. My work, therefore, carries meaning that isn't stable, for the viewer makes meaning as well as the artist. After a life of historical truth and political engagement with American society, my artwork represents freedom.
Artist's Comment on each series
Many Clement Prices All At Once, 2016
I made this collage especially to commemorate the memory of my dear friend, the deeply missed, highly esteemed historian and leading Newark citizen, Clement A. Price. Clement means so much to so many, but for my husband and I remain personally grateful to him for having guided our move from Princeton to Newark in 2002 and introduced us to Newark people and institutions that enrich our lives in our adopted city. This collage, inspired by Andy Warhol's celebrity portraits, combines Clement Price's intellect, celebrity, and the manifold ways he made all our lives more meaningful.
Motherwell in Provincetown, Motherwell in Dedham, Motherwell in the Adirondacks, 2016
This series of paintings and digital collages were initially inspired by paintings by Robert Motherwell (1915-1991), a leading abstract expressionist who spent forty summers in Provincetown, Massachusetts, at the end of Cape Cod. I made several drawings in pastel, graphite, and ink on paper, which became my Motherwell in Provincetown series. Two of the Motherwell in Provincetown drawings inspired two further series of digital collages: Motherwell in Dedham Motherwell in the Adirondacks, made in the places noted in their titles.
Venus + Serena lino prints, 2015
This series originated in lino prints I made alongside my Princeton students in an art course I taught in the fall of 2015. Deeply moved by the 2015 Forest Hill tennis match between Serena and Venus Williams that ended with Serena's victory and the two sisters' heart-felt embrace, I revisioned the sisters' hug. While one print survives here without further elaboration, I hand colored several others, five shown here.
Black Sea Composite Maps, 2012
My Black Sea Composite Maps belong to a larger project called Odalisque Atlas that maps the territory female beauty, slavery and subjection over the course of millennia. The term odalisque refers to a beautiful white harem slave, but the deadly combination of female beauty, slavery and subjection knows no boundary-in place, in time.
Tracing river tributaries pouring out of Moldova, Haiti, the Caucasus, Thailand, Ukraine, West Africa, the United States South, Turkey, Bulgaria, and islands of the Black and Caribbean Seas, my maps pull together places that history separates but that beauty, sex, and slavery unite, in history and memory and human trafficking.
American history has obscured the eastern European slave trade that made Slav the root of the word slave. Yet the slave trade through the Black Sea began millennia earlier and lasted longer than the Atlantic trade to the Western Hemisphere.
WBGO is a wheelchair accessible facility.
Special thanks to:
Palm Bay International (Fine Wine & Spirits)
Harlem Brewing Company
Jersey Artisan Distilling (Busted Barrel Rum)


text:
November 10, 2015
Six Bentley Cross Country Runners Earn USTFCCCA All-Region Honors
Six Bentley University cross country runners have been recognized as Division All-East Region by the United States Track and Field & Cross Country Coaches Association (USTFCCCA) for their top 25 finishes Sunday at the NCAA Division II Regional Championship in Hopkinton, N.H.[Read More]
November 8, 2015
Dooley Earns 4th Trip to NCAA Division II Championships; Bentley Finishes 5th of 28
HOPKINTON, N.H. – For the fourth time in her illustrious career, Bentley University grad student and All-America Tara Dooley (Lee, Mass./Lee HS) is headed to the NCAA Division II Women's Cross Country Championships. This year's event will be held in Joplin, Mo. on Nov. 21.[Read More]
November 6, 2015
Bentley Cross Country Set for Sunday's NCAA East Regional; Trip to Nationals on the Line
The Bentley University men's and women's cross country teams will be in Hopkinton, N.H. Sunday for the 2015 NCAA Division II East Regional Championships at the Hopkinton Fairgrounds. The 6,000-meter women's race is set for 11 am and the 10,000-meter men's race will follow at 12:15 pm.[Read More]
November 4, 2015
Worcester Telegram: "Morena excelling on Bentley cross country team"
In this article that appeared in the Nov. 4 edition of the Worcester Telegram, sportswriter Jen Toland profiled Bentley cross country runner Julia Morena, who finished fourth in the Northeast-10 Championships. This appeared online at www.telegram.com[Read More]
October 25, 2015
Morena & Dooley Lead Bentley Women to 2nd in Northeast-10 Championships
With junior Julia Morena (Boylston, Mass./Tahanto Reg. HS) and All-America grad student Tara Dooley (Lee, Mass./Lee HS) posting top ten finishes, the Bentley University Falcons ran to second place in the 2015 Northeast-10 Conference Women's Cross Country Championships Sunday morning at St. Michael's College.[Read More]
October 16, 2015
Leach, Loughnane Lead Bentley Women at Kirsch Cup
Junior Mary Leach (Peabody/Peabody Veterans HS) and sophomore Courtney Loughnane (Canton, Mass./Canton HS) were the first members of the Bentley University women's cross country team to reach the finish line during Friday's 3rd annual Kirsch Cup, hosted by Franklin Pierce University at the Hopkinton State Park.[Read More]
October 10, 2015
Morena Leads Bentley Women at New Englands
Just as was the case in her previous two races this season, Bentley University junior Julia Morena (Boylston/Tahanto Reg. HS) was the number one finisher for the Falcons during the New England Championships at Franklin Park Saturday.[Read More]
September 30, 2015
Lynn Item: "Albanese drives Bentley cross country"
Joshua Kummins profiled Bentley women's cross country captain Samantha Albanese in Tuesday's Lynn Item. This also appeared online at www.itemlive.com.[Read More]
September 26, 2015
Morena Leads Bentley Women during Roy Griak Invitational
Junior Julia Morena (Boylston, Mass./Tahanto Reg. HS) was the top finisher for the Bentley University women's cross country team during the nationally renowned Roy Griak Invitational, contested Saturday morning at the University of Minnesota's Les Bolstad Golf Course.[Read More]
September 19, 2015
Coskren Leads Bentley during UMass-Dartmouth Invitational
Junior Danielle Coskren (North Andover/North Andover HS) was the first Bentley University women's cross country runner to reach the finish line as four members of the team competed in the UMass-Dartmouth Invitational Saturday.[Read More]
September 14, 2015
Morena Named Northeast-10 Women's Cross Country Runner of the Week
Following a strong showing in the Dartmouth Invitational, Bentley University junior Julia Morena (Boylston/Tahanto Reg. HS) has been named the Women's Cross Country Runner of the Week in the Northeast-10 Conference.[Read More]
September 12, 2015
Morena & Burke Bentley's Top Finishers in Season-Opening Dartmouth Invitational
Juniors Julia Morena (Boylston, Mass./Tahanto Reg. HS) and Katie Burke (Braintree, Mass./Braintree HS) were the top two finishers for the Bentley University women's cross country team during Saturday morning's Dartmouth Invitational at the Hanover Country Club.[Read More]
September 9, 2015
Cross Country Debuts Saturday at Dartmouth Invitational
With the trio of junior Nik Haas (Ramsey, N.J./Ramsey HS), senior Sarah Brennan (Quincy/Notre Dame Academy) and All-America grad student Tara Dooley (Lee/Lee HS) expected to lead the way, the Bentley University cross country teams will look to earn a trip to the NCAA Division II Championships this fall. Three men's and three women's team will advance out of the East Region.[Read More]
August 29, 2015
Boston Globe South: Catching up with Melissa Nash
John Johnson, a sports correspondent for the Boston Globe South, recently caught up with former Bentley track and cross country standout Melissa Nash for this article that appeared online at www.bostonglobe.com and in the Aug. 30 edition of the Boston Globe South.[Read More]
August 28, 2015
98 Bentley Student-Athletes Receive D2ADA Academic Achievement Awards
Ninety-eight Bentley University student-athletes have received 2014-15 Academic Achievement Awards from the Division 2 Athletics Director Association for their success in the classroom last academic year.[Read More]
July 8, 2015
10 Bentley Teams & 348 Student-Athletes Recognized by Northeast-10 for Academic Excellence
A record ten Bentley University teams have received 2014-15 Team Academic Excellence Awards from the Northeast-10 Conference, an award presented to the program in each of the conference's 24 sports that achieved the highest grade point average.[Read More]
March 18, 2015
Six Bentley Cross Country Runners Receive Academic Honors from USTFCCCA
Six members of the Bentley University men's and women's cross country teams, including repeat honorees Nik Haas (Ramsey, N.J./Ramsey HS) and Sarah Brennan (Quincy/ Notre Dame Academy), received All-Academic honors for the 2014 season from the United States Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association (USTFCCCA).[Read More]


text:
When I was growing up my Grandma Bessie would record cassette tapes of herself reading childrens books and mail them to me (along with the books, of course). Luckily I still have these tapes to enjoy (and most of the books) and I've recently begun to transfer them to WMA and edit to share with family and friends. Lo and behold, my mom sent me an email stating she wanted to do the same for my daughters (her granddaughters) by recording some of their favorite or new books on CD.
Problem: CDs are old school and the fam pretty much consumes all audio via the Media Center PC and Media Center Extender devices throughout the home -- CDs are somewhere deep in a closet since we ripped 'em all to WMA. Also, we live in Pacific Northwest while all the rest of the family lives in the Southeast USA -- snail mail across this distance can either be slllllooooowwwww or expensive. As my friend Ethan says at times: "Technology. Yay." (notice the period at the end of that quote. This is usually said in reponse to something gone horribly awry somewhere). Only this time, it really is "Technology! Yay!" since we can save postage by her recording the audio in WMA and sending via email (Hotmail now gives me 250 MB of storage!).
I've used a variety of audio recording tools on the PC in my lifetime, none of them particularly as easy to use as a cassette recorder. So, I thought I would see how easy it would be to use a free Microsoft tool (the Windows Media Encoder) to accomplish the same task.
It turned out to be a tad bit longer than I really want to put here in my blog, so I have posted the instructions here. Interesting tidbit about myself: I authored the Windows Media Batch Encoding Visual Basic .NET sample referenced here, so I *might* just dust off some of that source code and implement something as simple as a cassette recorder. Mom would probably be grateful once she reads these instructions.
Anywho, Happy Birthday Mom (just a bit early) -- I'll be home for the holidays in a couple of weeks to walk through these instructions with you in person. Heck, I might even have that Digital Cassette recorder version 1.0 done by then. :-)


text:
Fixed PriceBudget: $3,000
Start DateFebruary 26, 2013
We are looking for one or a few CAD designers that can create 300-400 ring designs using Gemvision's Matrix CAD software.
Purpose: As part of an e-commerce platform, we need content in the form of Matrix 3D CAD design models read for image and animation rendering.
Requirements: We need CAD experts that can transform 2-3 images of a ring design into a 3D model in Matrix and can provide us the .3DM file for image/animation rendering. The models should be correctly scaled, meet specifications provided by us for stone size and shank thickness. Additionally, these models are for rendering appeal, not for manufacturing so detailing, prong shape/size and edging must be meticulous.
Additional Requirements: You must provide in your proposal: 1. Experience using Matrix CAD 2. At least 2-3 sample designs you have created 3. Estimated time to complete the project (300-400 designs) 4. Cost estimate (per ring) Information about Ring Designs: We will be providing 2-3 images that show each design for different perspectives. Designs include Solitaire rings, Halo rings, 3-stone rings, Semi-mount rings, and Fancy design (metal work) rings.
Output: We expect you to provide us with the files compatible with our Matrix software (.3DM) so that we can upload and render images based on our own internal angles, lighting and perspectives.
Key Milestones: The first milestone will be 20 models followed by every 50 completed models. Payments will be provided as each milestone is completed. We are open to negotiating terms as well.
Payment: We are currently paying about $10/model to other modellers due to the volume of the project.
We look forward to hearing from you and hope to work together toward a successful project!
Thank you,
About the Client
United States
New York 05:38 PM
Jobs Posted
53% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
Total Spent
11 Hires, 3 Active


text: Cut Costs Would you like to save hundreds, one dollar at a time? You can do it with a patience approach to analyzing how you spend your money, and then plug the spending leaks so you can put more into savings. Contact Us Home > Resources > Education > Income Reduction Toolkit > Cut Costs Print A A A Navigate Pages within this Section Pages within EducationFinancial EducationLiving808: Money MattersIncome Reduction ToolkitHawaiiUSA StipendBusiness ResourcesNewsletterHurricane Preparedness Most of us give in to temptation from time to time. Whether its buying on impulse, choosing name brands rather than generic, taking a taxi instead of a bus, or splurging on an expensive meal, indulging is fun and even healthy in moderation. But watch out. Not enough attention paid to the small purchases will result in big money lost. The path to savings (for things that you really do want) is paved with pennies. It starts with awareness. Each time you make a purchase, consider the cost. Here are a few ideas to get you started: Brown bag your lunch. $7 per day totals $140 a month. Substitute water for juice. A family of four can save over $500 a year by cutting just one glass of juice per person per day. "Health" bars run about $2 apiece, and are often no more than glorified candy bars. Switch to a banana and whole-wheat bagel for half the price. Use coupons at grocery stores and buy house brands instead of name brands whenever possible. Prepare meals in advance and freeze them to avoid the temptation of ordering pizza at the end of a long workday. Cooking at home will make your food budget go much further. Throw pocket change in a jar and cash it in when it's full. Review your phone bill and drop unnecessary services like Caller ID and Call Forwarding. Cut your cable television down to basic. Hand wash instead of dry cleaning. Chances are you can spot - then stop - spending leaks simply by paying closer attention to everyday expenses. Content provided by our trusted partner Tools & More Rates Applications FAQs Calculators Auto Calculators Home Equity Calculators Savings Calculators Retirement Calculators Debt Calculators Budgeting Calculators Fees Coupons Member Offers Security Fraud Alert Security Tips Types of Fraud Mobile Banking Security Education Financial Education Living808: Money Matters Income Reduction Toolkit Prepare for the New Reality Cut Costs Generate Additional Income Deal with Debt and Creditors HawaiiUSA Stipend Business Resources Newsletter Archived Newsletters Hurricane Preparedness


text:
Hi all,
I was looking for a plugin which can create and insert thumbnails into posts.
My idea is to upload images into a folder like http://mydomain.com/blog/files/
and should be able to call the thumbnail by any plugin.
Please suggest one.
Hi all,
I was looking for a plugin which can create and insert thumbnails into posts.
My idea is to upload images into a folder like http://mydomain.com/blog/files/
and should be able to call the thumbnail by any plugin.
Please suggest one.
There are plenty of image plugins to choose from. Unfortunately, none of them do quite what your looking for, but they do come close.
I'd start with Thomas Montague's LMB Box (File Press). You can specify the directory where your images can be found so that when you are in the Write area of WP, you click on the button FilePress. Up pops the box and it scans the chosen directory for images (and other files, that's what's neat about it; it's not just for images), displays them all with a button that says "Add to Post" and voila, you're up and running! It's running on my personal blog right now.
Link is here:
jonimueller, love you man. and god bless your blog.
The plugin is wonderful.
It will be great if I am able to post thumbs of the images instead of default file type images.
See this post in my blog where i am using it:
I wish to post the image's thumb instead of the jpg image given in the plugin images.
Is there a way to do that? please let me know.
Thanks for your support.
I personally use IImage Browser myself. You upload an image to it and can insert the code for a thumbnail, the full, the thumb with a link to the full, etc.
Hey there swordfish! You can add the thumbnail to a post with a link to the full image using FilePress. First a thumbnail has to have been created and found ... if you see a thumbnail in the browser then there is one. Then when you are on the Add To Post page, select Add Thumbnail and if you want to link it to the full, click Make Full Image or Thumbnail Linkable and fill in the next info.
If a thumbnail isn't being created, make sure that you have set all of the settings on the LMB^Box FilePress Options page and that the files directory has full right permissions. Thanks for your support of the plugin!
just use ECTO. I never use WP or the image plugins. great for embedded or thumbnail. app is like $20 and is awesome. i also integrated simpleviewer into a site i built
see here: http://www.tommarioni.com
leofish, what do you do to insert thumbnails into your posts?
This topic has been closed to new replies.


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For Immediate Hire - Bearded Brothers - Now Hiring Production
Do you love organic food and a healthy lifestyle? Do you love being outside on the weekends? Here at Bearded Brothers, we have many loves. But our biggest love is to make a product that we all stand behind. We are looking for like-minded folks to help grow our business.
Bearded Brothers is a fast growing company based out of Austin, TX. We are currently looking for a part time production person to work 30-35 hours per week.
The ideal candidate will have experience working in a commercial kitchen (but not required). You MUST have a passion for healthy organic foods. A current Food Handler's License or Food Managers Certification is also preferred.
Hours: Monday -- Friday 8:30am -- 4:30pm. Hours will vary from 30-35 hours per week.
Duties Include:
-Production of energy bars; measuring out ingredients with great attention to detail, some heavy lifting and mixing, operating machinery, etc.
-Packaging energy bars
-Cleaning and dish washing
-Sweeping and mopping floors
-Helping with inventory and warehouse organization
-Having lots of fun while doing all of the above with a great team!
-Food production experience, preferably pre-packed commercial foods
-Ability to lift up to 50lbs
-Must possess a food handler's license (or be willing to obtain)
-Working in a team environment
-Must be passionate and enthusiastic about healthy organic foods
-A good attitude, a smile and willingness to work hard. Food production can be monotonous at times, but we like to have fun while we work as well.
-Excitement about the Bearded Brothers brand
-Must have a reliable means of transportation
Benefits starting after 90 days:
- Paid Holidays
- 40 Hours of Paid Time off Per Year
- Free Energy Bars (Starts immediately)
Please send Cover Letter AND Resume. If both are not included, you will not be considered for the position.


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By DemonCratic
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4. And maybe advices, etc... you know what I mean, thanks in advance
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Bonus question: Is the legendary questline still worth doing, even if Legion comes out in 1 month and a half?
Link to my armory : http://us.battle.net/wow/en/character/blackhand/Demoncratic/advanced
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(And, it's my first Icy-veins forum so idk how to put logs, sorry.)
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Lemon Basil Chicken Salad
Total Time
Prep 20 mins
Cook 20 mins
I adapted this from a recipe from Paula Deen's magazine.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 lb chicken breast
- 1 -2 celery rib
- 2 tablespoons fresh basil
- 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
- 1⁄2 cup light sour cream
- 1⁄2 cup reduced-fat mayonnaise
- 1 teaspoon salt
- black pepper
- Poach chicken breasts and cool. Finely chop chicken, celery, and basil. Add mayo, sour cream and seasonings. Mix and cool.
Most Helpful
What a nice, refreshing take on chicken salad! The fresh basil really kicks it up a notch. I was short on time and got a rotisserie chicken which made it even easier. I am like Paula, I used full sour cream and mayo. LOL I toasted some almonds and added about 1 teaspoon more lemon juice and some zest. Next time, I may try a bit of dijon mustard and some finely chopped red onions as well. Thanks for posting, COMOCOOK.


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text: "Being Jewish was the reason we were in Auschwitz. We were young, we asked: where is God? But now I ask, why do we get angry with God? It is humans that do these things. Being 'the chosen people' doesn't mean anything to me. You are a human being first."


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Board meeting
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County Council
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IMDb > Mackenzie (Character)
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Mackenzie (Character)
from "Friends" (1994)
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the little girl who is living in the house that Monica and Chandler are buying... See more »
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- "Friends"
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"Nice people" Top 5 Page for this destination Local People Tip by jamiesno
Local People, Puerto Vallarta: 12 reviews and 9 photos
Throughout my visit to Mexico I often said how good natured the local people seemed to be.
I used to engage them in conversation sincerely as often as I could just to have a chat, ask them how there day was going and that sort of stuff. They were all friendly and you could get some great information.
Follow this link below. I dedicated 5 travelogues here on a seperate Mexico page just to the different people I met there with their pictures. It's cool you will probably enjoy it :-)
Website: http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/4e22e/53e/
More Local Customs in Puerto Vallarta (3)
More Reviews (55)
General (6)See All Tree Climbing :-)
Tourist Traps (4)See All A belt anyone?
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Sports & Outdoors (7)See All Participate!
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Mariachi Gringo
Critic Reviews
- Critic score
- Publication
- By date
As the moving concluding scenes cement, Mariachi Gringo is right on pitch — and, happily, not simply as you'd expect.
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Amid this malarkey Gustafson is smart enough to let the camera linger on musical performances that reveal mariachi to be dynamic and complex as opera.
User score distribution:
Positive: 1 out of 1
Mixed: 0 out of 1
Negative: 0 out of 1
Oct 9, 2013A 30 year old man runs to Mexico to escape his dead end life in Kansas, and find a future in Mexico. I thought the idea of the movie wasA 30 year old man runs to Mexico to escape his dead end life in Kansas, and find a future in Mexico. I thought the idea of the movie was great, cause it encourages people to use their wings to fly.The movie tells you to peruse you`re goals, don`t let anybody hold you back.The problem is "Mariachi Gringo" is a slow moving movie, and I wish his dreams lead him to better adventures.… Full Review »


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Student Demographics, Teacher Sorting, and Teacher Quality: Evidence from the End of School Desegregation
The reshuffling of students due to the end of student busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg provides a unique opportunity to investigate the relationship between changes in student attributes and changes in teacher quality that are not confounded with changes in school or neighborhood characteristics. Comparisons of ordinary least squares and instrumental variable results suggest that spatial correlation between teachers' residences, students' residences, and schools could lead to spurious correlation between student attributes and teacher characteristics. Schools that experienced a repatriation of black students experienced a decrease in various measures of teacher quality. I provide evidence that this was primarily due to changes in labor supply. (c) 2009 by The University of Chicago.
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Volume (Year): 27 (2009)
Issue (Month): 2 (04)
Pages: 213-256
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Hi, this is a very very useful plugin, it's a shame it's not being updated for WP 3+.
However, this patch here: http://wordpress.org/support/topic/plugin-wp-crontrol-making-it-work-in-wordpress-27?replies=1 works!
The only problem I noticed it this PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant __ngettext_noop - assumed '__ngettext_noop' in /public_html/wp-content/plugins/wp-crontrol/wp-crontrol.php on line 647.
If ever you think of updating the plugin, or anyone resumes its development, please fix this one too.
PS: I would be glad to do it if I knew how..


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Thread: What do you think?
08-28-2003, 10:14 AM #1Junior Guru Wannabe
- Join Date
- Jun 2003
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- Providence, RI
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What do you think?
What about LockHost.com
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Category:Islamic geography
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The main article for this category is Islamic geography.
This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.
- ► Geographers of medieval Islam (2 C, 33 P)
- ► Geographical works of medieval Islam (8 P)
Pages in category "Islamic geography"
The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).