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All Eyes on CA-50
The political world is watching closely today as voters in California's 50th Congressional District go to the polls in a special election to replace Randy "Duke" Cunningham.
Cunningham, you may recall, became a poster-child for the Republican "Culture of Corruption" when he was sentenced to eight years in prison for bribery and tax evasion earlier this year. His district is pretty solidly Republican, but Francine Busby, a Democrat who is one of 18 candidates trying to replace Cunningham, has a good deal of momentum and has received strong backing from the liberal blogosphere and the Democratic Party.
Most experts are saying a win today by Busby is still a long-shot, but if she does win it will be taken as a sign that Democrats are right in thinking they can retake the House this fall:
"If Busby wins, that would be the political equivalent of a tectonic shift," said Amy Walter, senior editor at the Washington-based Cook Political Report. "The next story you would hear is this is the first rumblings in what would be a major earthquake in November."
I'll post again when we know the results.


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my ambiance theme is broken. when i change the radiance to ambiance theme, title bar does not turn black, but still white as Radiance title bar. how to fix it?
You can try following.
Install gnome-tweak-tool by typing in terminal
Now after it has been installed you can run it by typing
This should pop up window where on left side-panel there is option "Theme" Here you can set option "Window theme" to Ambiance and option "GTK+ theme" to Ambiance as well. This should fix your problem.
I had the same problem.
I noticed that it started to occur when I installed a KDE application from the software center, in my case it was Subtitle Composer.
When I uninstalled it, the problem was solved.
Open terminal Ctrl+Alt+T and run this command:
For Ambiance Theme :
For Radiance Theme :

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
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Trade our #1 (17th pick) & Fields, Douglas or both, for a top ten pick and a 2nd rounder if possible.
I'm thinking the Knicks don't plan on going far and are gearing up for another "wait til' next year" type season, underscored by keeping D'Antoni...
we mind as well think ahead and start getting players who fit better while our self imposed expectations are low.
I'm with sacrificing Fields/Douglas in hopes that our top ten pick is a difference maker.
We take a step back but in the long run should be able to acquire a more quality piece instead of hoping a 17th pick isn't just another bench warmer.
And this player hopefully a big can learn on the job for a year.
+ I'm not sure if we still have a 1st round 2012 pick, do we?
Your thoughts on trading up with Fields and or Douglas?
Poster formerly known as LJ4President
I Miss You Pat.
I'm pretty happy we even have the 17th pick this year after all that went down. Hopefully we can buy a pick or something too. Do we have a second rounder?
Sig made by Sons of Thunder
In a couple years the Cavaliers will be competing with the Bulls in the Eastern Conference finals.Byron Scott is the best coach in the NBA when it comes to coaching pg's and now that the Cavaliers are going to be having Kyle Irving they're going to be a force to be reckoned with in the East.If the Knicks don't fire their coach and restock their roster they are going to be finishing 4th in the standings for years to come.
Or are you referring to Douglas? Being our best defensive player?
If you are consider this:
1. We were 28th in defense, not exactly a ringing endorsement
2. Douglas and Fields are 2nd rounders, this theoretically is an upgrade
3. The Knicks themselves said Toney Douglas isn't in their plans because he isn't a good decision maker or PG
We have positions of need. That supercedes depth. Without saying as usual they know they aren't winning anything next year. This at the least provides opportunity to fill a position of need for the future.
And IF you conclude that Fields (or TD) have no trade value to any team in the top ten, then all the more reason to acquire an upgrade.
No more excuses, I don't want to hear about how Fields is just in his 2nd year he needs time, and TD can elevate his game beyond what we've seen during his brief career to the point where our positions of need are no longer. That won't happen.
Use the assets to upgrade.
And btw I hate that "weakest draft" sh!t. Its garbage. For every "weak" draft I could name several players that we misjudged. Besides to each his own. Since it subjective and speculative, who knows the value of a prospect beyond the 3rd pick?
We are going to NEED good players, on cheap contracts. We need size, and more depth going forward.
The ONLY way for this to happen is through the draft. Think about it, what center fits our bill can be afforded through free agency.
We can include Turiaf in a trade too if necessary.
Last edited by Red; May 18, 2011 at 15:50.
Last edited by AmareForPresident; May 18, 2011 at 17:08.
I think I'm only open to trading for Rubio if he's the real deal (doesn't even have to be a future All-Star, just a creative pass-first PG would be huge for STAT, Melo, and the rest of our team).
I'm still high on Fields. I definitely say no to trading him.
Sig made by Sons of Thunder


text:
Topic: Seth Winter
NBC Expects Another Billion-Dollar Olympics in Terms of Ad Sales
On pace ahead of London 7 months out from Rio
By Tim Baysinger on Jan. 14, 2016 - 6:18 PM EST
It might not be the Powerball jackpot, but NBC has been raking in the money for the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. Seven months before the opening ceremony, NBC Sports'…
NBC Has Officially Sold All of Its $4.5 Million Super Bowl Spots
And just in time
By Sam Thielman on Jan. 28, 2015 - 5:40 PM EST
It's official, and not a moment too soon: NBC has sold every single spot in the Super Bowl, although some pre-game spots are still up for grabs, according to Seth…
Winter Olympics Update: NBC Is In the Pink
With ratings guarantees nailed down, network begins selling inventory held back for ADUs
By Anthony Crupi on Feb. 12, 2014 - 4:14 PM EST
While the conjunctivitis-plagued Bob Costas may not look back fondly on the 2014 Winter Olympics, Sochi's stellar ratings performance has left NBC's ad sales team in the pink. According to NBC…
Broadcast Spend Drops 18 Percent to $4.18 Billion in Q3
Olympics, political comps put the squeeze on network TV
By Anthony Crupi on Dec. 16, 2013 - 2:03 PM EST
The sugar rush of last year's Summer Olympics and political spend has given way to the inevitable crash, as third-quarter advertising expenditures were down significantly from Q3 2012. According to a…
In the Wake of a Reorg, NBCU Lays Off Ad Sales Staff
Conglomerate will cut staff by 3.5 percent
By Sam Thielman on Nov. 7, 2013 - 5:51 PM EST
Just three weeks after reorganizing its ad sales staff under five direct reports to Linda Yaccarino, NBCUniversal has begun laying off staffers. At the time of the original announcement, NBCU…
NBC's $1 Billion Olympics Sellout
Network lines up dozens of new sponsors for London games
By Anthony Crupi on Jun. 27, 2012 - 5:19 PM EDT
With exactly one month to go before the Opening Ceremonies of the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games, NBC is on track to book nearly $1 billion in ad sales revenue…
Auto Dollars Drive NBC Super Bowl Sellout
Network fetches $3.5 million for each 30-second spot
By Anthony Crupi on Jan. 3, 2012 - 2:35 PM EST
Like the return of perennial AFC powers the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots to the NFL postseason, there's nothing inherently surprising about NBC selling out its available Super…


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Supporting TCSII With TechnologyMark Wagner, Ph.D.
Slides (Quicktime Format)
Handout (PDF)
Welcome Activity
- What would you recommend schools do to ensure student success?
- How would you use technology to support your recommendation?
What is TCS II?
Twelve Recommendations
- Rigor
- Instruction, Assessment, and Intervention
- Time
- Relevance
- Relationships
- Transitions
- Equity
- Safety, Resilience, and Health
- Leadership
- Professional Learning
- Accountability
- Partnerships
How can technology support these recommendations?
Twelve Tools
- Blogs (with Edublogs)
- Podcasts (with Podomatic)
- Online Communities (with Ning)
- Teacher Web Pages (with Wikis)
- Online Tutorials (with Jing)
- Student Web Sites (with Google Sites)
- Student Webcasts (with Ustream)
- Web Based Research (with Advanced and Specialized Google Search)
- Distance Learning (with Global Classroom)
- Video Games and Simulations
- Email (with Google Groups)
- GPS (and Geocaching)
Reflection Activity
- What TCSII recommendation do you most need to implement?
- How will you use technology to support your implementation?
- What are your next steps?
Taking Center Stage Act II (TCSII) is an online publication from the California Department of Education
that provides twelve inter-related recommendations for ensuring the success of middle grades students.
The California League of Middle Schools (CLMS) now offers professional development focused on helping
educators use free and ubiquitous educational technologies to support the recommendations made in the
TCSII document. Individual workshops focused on specific tools are available, as is a 12 week course.
Both the workshops and 12 week course are designed to be completed by a cohort of educators at a
single site or district. Each event is affordably priced by the cohort. Each workshop is $2000 for up to 20
participants and $100 for each additional participant. The 12 week course is offered at the rate of 12
sessions for the price of 10. These prices do not include travel expenses for the instructor(s). An online
version of the 12 week course is also available for a reduced rate. Customized workshops and pricing are
also available. For more information, contact Dr. Mark Wagner, the Educational Technology Coordinator for CLMS.
Mark Wagner, Ph.D.
Educational Technology Coordinator, CLMS/CLHS/NHSA
6615 E. Pacific Coast Highway, Suite 120, Long Beach, CA 90803
www.clms.net * www.clhs.net * www.nhsa.net
MarkWagnerIM (AIM)
markdwagner (Skype)
markwagner (Twitter)


text:
Click On Image To Get Recipe
Quality Through Innovation
President's Message
Oh behalf of the Prince Edward Island Wild Blueberry Growers Association I would like to welcome you to this site. The Association is pleased to be able to provide both consumers and growers with helpful information and delicious recipes. We hope you enjoy your visit. If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free contact us via the form on the "Contact Page"John Handrhan


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KC's Corner: How to have second half success
After last week's shenanigans, I had to go back to FanDuel nation for another survey. It wasn't really optional. So I pondered to myself, what could I ask them? I need something that allows them to express their creativity. I need something that is comical. I need something as epic as the U.S.A. Women's collapse (too soon?). And I need something that the higher-ups will allow. So after critically considering all these categories, I think I found the answer (my question).
This week's question was: "How can a FanDuel player find success during the 2nd half of the MLB season?"
And if you thought last week's answers were out there, just wait until you lay eyes on what these guys came up with. I'm gonna just go ahead and say that most of these responses will not bring you any success at all, and frankly others barely even relate to the question. So if your purpose for reading is strategy and insight, just stop. If on the other hand you'd like a good chuckle to hold you over until next week, please proceed.
Again I reiterate, read at your own risk:
roboratz – My advice would be for players, that have been unsuccessful to daily fantasy games, to learn how to pick their opponents and games to play. Don't play great MLB players like Dabigu or Kcearnal, when you know that these guys know their stuff and do a lot of research. Play at your skill level, if you have been playing consistently during the 1st half of the season, you already know the players that have the same skills as you not just in picking players but also find players that don't put in a whole lot of time in doing research.
"If you are a crapshooter then play another crapshooter."
chacha59 – Daily Folks down on your Luck? Ready to Give Up? Look no further than our invigorating Chat Room! That's right if you ever feel you cant win a damn thing in these daily's, I'm sure your spirits will be uplifted after you listen to what some of our regulars and not so regulars have to say! For example FanDuel Funny Man (Sorry TonyPros) Whits23 is there for an encouraging comment from time to time, but a match up with him will more than likely encourage a visit to your ATM Machine. KC the star of our show here, and perenial Daily Winner, will smile at you with his Starry eyes and then knock your teeth in and almost make you ask for more. (He is just so nice). Feeling better already are you………….good, im just here to encourage you to fight the good fight, keep on playing here because this is the best site out there for daily games. If you havent already please join our Chat Room. One of Fan Duels "Happiest" customers, Aaironworks, is on pretty much every evening to greet you. I am sure if you're feeling down Aairon would sure love the company.
Good Luck Daily Players and Remember In Dailys………….There is Always Tomorrow!!!
dkmaestro – I'm almost sure to improve on my first half, now that my divorce is almost final. I won't have to deal with constant nagging and complaining about the amount of time I use on researching lefty/righty matchups. Securing a place in the DFBC will now be my primary focus.
I'm lucky enough to have a small office, with a door that shuts, so I am able to sit in peace and quiet for 3 hours every day, researching the best lineup. Of course this wouldnt be possible without having my secretary spend another 3 hours of her time looking at historic stats between a batter and pitcher.
So to those not finding success, Research is key, along with having a secretary who's a looker and doesn't mind doing your research.
To my ex-wife I just want to say: "I want my tent back, and the painting that I found and bought – as with everything else we own – when we took that trip to SFO.
headchopper – Eat your vitamins, say your prayers and do your research.When you are in the midst of a cold streak, don't panic – just double up against me (only when you're cold). When you warm back up shift your focus back on playing KC or somebody else. When you need to break a slump go ahead and hunt down a game against Rudzia. Baseball appears to be a serious kryptonite for him. If the NBA has a prolonged lockout, he may have to quit daily grinding and go back to flipping crabby patties at the Crusty Crab.
WOW. There is just so much genius to analyze here, I'm not even sure where to begin. I'll go person-by-person.
roboratz – I like the quote, and I decided to lead with your response because it was the only one that even hinted at actual advice.
chacha59 – Thanks for including the masses in your response. You hit all the chatroom characters right on the head.
dkmaestro – I have a few things for you. 1) www.greatdivorceadvice.com 2) (312)490-4301 – Anger Management Counseling. Keep it together buddy, kudos on the secretary.
headchopper – We all know that I'm a fan of taking shots at other players, and chopper did a great job here. That coupled with your shady attempt at making yourself out to be a lesser player than you are, really warmed my heart. You then immediately crushed it by mentioning the gloom of the NBA mess. We try to keep this thing positive man, so leave that madness elsewhere.
Now that that madness has ended, let's take some time to acknowledge this week's success stories. These individuals obviously have not yet sunk to the levels of insanity as some of those survey respondents:
$3500 Thursday MLB Strikeout – mikei63 – $900
DFBC Qualifier – Friday – dirknight – It's good to see a FanDuel veteran get a seat. Congrats!
$3K Saturday MLB Home Run – hawkeye – $750
$1500 Sunday MLB Steal – aksharma – $325
Congrats to all this week's big winners. Check out all the large-field studs on the Tournament Kings Leaderboard.
Hope you can all start finding some 2nd half success. Despite this underwhelming column. See you all later and good luck until next week!


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MOBILE, Ala. (AP) - Nearly 900 private boats are taking part in the response to the BP oil spill on the Alabama coast, and efforts are being made to make sure more commercial fishing vessels are signed up.
A Coast Guard spokesman, Cmdr. Chuck Diorio, said Tuesday the program known as the "vessels of opportunity" was a victim of its own success when it hurried to sign up private water craft to help deal with the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
At a news conference in Mobile, he said there are 880 vessels working in the program on the Alabama coast are they hope to skew the numbers back toward having more commercial boats than recreational.
(Copyright 2010 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


text:
I want to connect my MiFi through the available USB connection that I enjoy in Windows, OSX 10.5, and Mint.
So far, all YDL 6.1 has done is laugh at my attempts to use the USB option in
I did have the device recognized in
fileman, and the drive and optional Micro-SD slot both show.
When I go to activate the interface, it says something about a package named usb-networking or some such not being installed.
I cannot locate the package on the CD, and have no other way to connect to the Internet. I haven't found anything online in several days of searching either.
Any help is appreciated.


text:
Joined: 26 August 2006
Posts: 16197
Aditya Deshmukh aka Mujtaba Ali Khan , the male lead of Balaji and Imagine'sSarvagunn Sampanna ...
Mujtaba Ali Khan Sarvagun Sampann fame is back to television after a ...
Mujtaba and Itishree part ways after eight years of togetherness
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text:
Reviews for EPUBReader
170 reviews for this add-on
Innerhalb weniger Minuten eine kleine Bibliothek ! Rated 4 out of 5 stars
Habe mir von der Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung innerhalb weniger Minuten und ohne Komplikationene ein umfängliches Archiv von kostenfreien Publikationen angelegt.
Lesen mit dem epubreader ist sehr komfortabel. Einstellungs-Möglichkeiten sehr gut !!
Simple and Functional as it should Rated 5 out of 5 stars
Love it! Works as expected. That simple!
Beats everything Rated 5 out of 5 stars
great Rated 5 out of 5 stars
Awesome extension! Rated 5 out of 5 stars
I customized the epub.css and set it to read only so my custom values no longer get modified. It's great.
Very robust and bug free! Rated 5 out of 5 stars
Really good ereader. I like that I can go to the Epub Reader library and find an old EPUB I read on the internet months ago. I have not had any display problems.
Great ePub Reader Addon Rated 5 out of 5 stars
I used it to read a Travel eBook generated by the TravelionX eTours Free Mobile app, and it worked Great!
Great continuous scrolling. Wish it had highlighting. Rated 3 out of 5 stars
I need two things from an epub reader. Continuous scrolling - which this add-on does very well (just change the settings to web view instead of page view), and highlighting, which this addon does not have at all. Obviously the highlighting feature would only be useful for locally saved epubs, so that the highlights could be preserved, but that's perfectly fine for me.
Simply amazing! Rated 5 out of 5 stars
You can have an accurate view of your EPUB file. Also hyperlinks work just perfect!
Add search function to ebook Rated 3 out of 5 stars
Maybe this could be useful
Ideas on how to improve Rated 3 out of 5 stars
epub ebok is readable nicelly, intext hyperlinks works.
Im missing possibility to highlight text or write comment to the text easily
Also i would welcome when i click some hyperlink, it would not only forward me to the proper page, but also highlight the text on that page, so i quickly know where i should start reading.
Easiest way to read Epub Rated 4 out of 5 stars
I really like it, the only thing is, I can't control all the text colors. Some of the text in the book I'm reading is dark blue, and i can't change it to a light color that's easier to read on a black background. It would also be nice if there were color pre-sets, like 'low light mode' or other matching color presets.This review is for a previous version of the add-on (126.96.36.199.1-signed).
Solid effort Rated 4 out of 5 stars
Only one other add-on or standalone app matches this, and that's Cool Reader [not new 2015 version tho]. I'd prefer it to CoolReader save that EPUBreader seems to lack a next-chapter and/or table of contents feature.
With so many flawed add-ons it's nice to find one that actually delivers what it claims.
awesome addon!!! Rated 5 out of 5 stars
nvm my previous review i got my mistake and the addon works perfectly.
good job making this addon keep it up.
firefox 42a2/e10s enable,work not correct Rated 5 out of 5 stars
under firefox 42a2/e10s enable,read work not correctly.
about:epubreader?id=1 can't display content,need open another
file table ,then work.
Rated 5 out of 5 stars
A perfect addon.
There is no other available addon now which allows to read epub files within firefox.
Wonderful Rated 5 out of 5 stars
The most perfectest addon. Just keep it updated for new firefoxi and that'll do pig.This review is for a previous version of the add-on (18.104.22.168.1-signed).
Good, but needs search Rated 4 out of 5 stars
If you could search inside the book, this epub-reader would be perfect for my use.
A big plus is that you can copy selected test, which other epub-readers may not let you do.
Useful and Exactly What I Needed. Rated 5 out of 5 stars
I was able to the read the epub file and even copy text from it. The layout of the app is ideal. You can jump to any chapter, bookmark a section, change the text size, and page layout. There are even more type and color options if you're picky about it.
The only thing that would have been nice if it had a file converter, to save it as a pdf if I needed it. A search function would be nice too. But, overall, it was perfect.
Thank you epubreader :)
Rated 5 out of 5 stars
Fantastic tool, tiny download, tiny footprint, easy to initiate/use... it just works straight out of the box :)This review is for a previous version of the add-on (18.104.22.168.1-signed).
To create your own collections, you must have a Mozilla Add-ons account.


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Hi Andy,
First off, I would like to thank you for creating an excellent plugin. Instead of buying $95 commercial plugin from woocommerce, I got AWD Weight/Country Shipping for WooCommerce for free!
However, I think there is a minor bug in your plugin. For example: I set Free Shipping for the US while other countries (exclude the US) I used AWD Shipping. The problem is: whenever I choose the US for the shipping location, it shows both Free Shipping and AWD Shipping options. Is there anyway that I can remove the AWD Shipping? Because I want to show only Free Shipping option with the US as a shipping location.
Thank you for any help you can provide.
Kind Regard
Tien Vu


text:
Reviewed By Josh J (Brooklyn, NY) Reviewed for a 2009 Nissan Armada —5/21/2009 8:36 PM
The MBRP Dual Wall Exhaust gave my vehicle a better appearance than the standard galvanize tailpipe that is standard with the vehicle.
Reviewed By Chris K (OVIEDO, FL) Reviewed for a 2011 Nissan Titan —6/1/2016 8:03 PM
These exhaust tips are nothing shy of amazing both in craftsmanship and appearance! A little bigger than I had expected but that's fine by me, will have them welded on vs. the provided clamps. I'm sure the clamps would be suffice, just my personal preference.
Reviewed By Lawrence A (Milford, MA) Reviewed for a 2016 Chevy Silverado —7/25/2016 4:24 PM
These exhaust tip installed in no time at all and look amazing. The polished Stainless Steel looks great and will weather the roughest crap that the tire can sling at it. It's rather pricy, but it's SS which does cost more. I love it and the way it looks.


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I've followed the instructions but it keeps on saying the captcha solution is wrong.
I've installed it twie from scratch an still the same problem.
I've followed the instructions but it keeps on saying the captcha solution is wrong.
I've installed it twie from scratch an still the same problem.
When that error message is displayed, it means that Google's reCAPTCHA server returned an error message coded as 'incorrect-captcha-sol'. Skt NURCaptcha plugin just sends the response typed by the user to that server which compares it to the challenge shown in the challenge box and answers back with an 'is_valid' flag set and the error message (if flag's value is 'false'). No changes are made by the plugin to the user's response string nor to the challenge, not even to the server's answer.
So, this issue is not generated by the plugin, but by the reCAPTCHA's server. Sorry.
Thanks for responding. But wouldn't that mean that everyone using your plugin wouldget the same error?
Everyone using any plugin that calls Google's reCAPTCHA's server is subjected to that server rules. For some reason your WordPress installation is sending that server an invalid response.
The fact that only you reported such a problem may be due to some conflict in your plugins combination.
Skt NURCaptcha plugin's main routine overrides entirely the 'register' case on main 'switch' @ wp_login.php - we fetch the 'login-form-register' hook. This means that you may experience some problems if you install another plugin which also needs to customize those same lines.
If you send to my mailbox a list of your active plugins and the name of your template I'll try to recreate your plugin's environment to see if any conflicts come out. So, after that, maybe I can tell you exactly what to do to correct that peculiar problem.
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Currently showing only: Congress
October 27, 2004 — Press Item
House Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer (MD) released the following statement today regarding the continuing impasse on an intelligence reform bill and the failure of this Republican Congress to enact legislation on other major issues:
Outraged Democrats called Thursday for the resignation of senior Republican lawmaker Tom DeLay for a "disturbing pattern of corruption" following his censure by a House ethics panel.
Democrats demanded Thursday that Tom DeLay resign as U.S. House majority leader, claiming that a series of ethics reprimands reveals a pattern of corruption that renders the Texan unfit for a position of leadership.
House Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer criticized the Republican-controlled Congress on Saturday for "surrendering to its own intransigence and admitting that it cannot complete the work the people sent us here to do."
Top House Democrats today condemned Representative Tom DeLay, the leader of the Republican majority, declaring that the latest ethics case against him proved that he had been corrupted by power and was unfit to lead.
House Democratic leaders and several outside groups called for Majority Leader Tom DeLay to resign his post yesterday, saying that three admonishments by the House ethics committee in one week disqualify him for the chamber's second-highest leadership job. Fellow Republicans staunchly defended the Texas lawmaker, even as some said the consecutive rebukes may complicate his prospects of ever becoming speaker.
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The senior leadership of House Democrats, citing three rebukes of Rep. Tom DeLay by the House ethics committee in a week, called Thursday for him to be ousted as majority leader.
House Democratic leaders and public interest groups today called on House Majority Leader DeLay to resign his leadership post, noting that Wednesday's rebuke by the House Ethics Committee is the fourth against DeLay in his career -- with three of them coming in the last week
In a scene reminiscent of the 1994 "Republican Revolution" that turned the U.S. Congress upside down, Democrats on Wednesday set ambitious goals for the nation and urged voters to finally put them back in charge.
October 6, 2004 — Press Item
Lawyers for House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) late last week sent a legal "demand letter" to party switching Rep. Rodney Alexander (R-La.), insisting the one-time Democrat return $35,000 in Hoyer campaign contributions by Oct. 15 or face a lawsuit.
September 7, 2004 — Press Item
Three candidates. Forty-eight hours. Ten events. Four Western cities. House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) spent three days last week on a whirlwind tour of Colorado and Arizona, where Democratic leaders have their sights on three potential pickups in November.
September 10, 2004 — Press Item
The House voted 223 to 193 yesterday to block the Bush administration's sweeping new eligibility rules for overtime pay, giving Democrats a significant victory that they hope will boost the party's standing among middle-class voters in key battleground states in the fall election.
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) fulfilled a promise to fellow Democrats that they would have a coherent message to take to voters this fall by unveiling a six-point plan for a "New Partnership for America's Future" yesterday.
September 3, 2004 — Press Item
The second-highest ranking Democrat in the House of Representatives came to Pueblo on Tuesday to boost the congressional campaign of state Rep. John Salazar.
House Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer joined Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi, Democratic Caucus Chairman Bob Menendez, and Assistant to the Democratic Leader John Spratt to denounce the failed Republican Congress which is expected to limp out of town today after failing on policy, politics and ethics:
October 4, 2004 — Press Item
...failed to pass 12 of 13 appropriations bills...
October 7, 2004 — Press Item
WASHINGTON, DC – House Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer released the following statement regarding the decision reached by the House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct on the actions of Majority Leader Tom DeLay (TX):
October 1, 2004 — Press Item
House Democratic Whip Steny H. Hoyer (MD) released the following statement regarding the report released late last night that publicly admonished Majority Leader Tom DeLay for his conduct surrounding the vote on the controversial Medicare Prescription Drug Bill:
September 24, 2004 — Press Item
Continuing Resolution, Transportation Extension...
House Democratic Whip Steny H. Hoyer (MD) released the following statement today at a press conference drawing attention to the failed Republican Congress's decision to wait for a lame-duck Congress to finish 12 of 13 appropriations bills and other important legislation. A six-foot mallard duck on a crutch, Mr. DeLayme Duck, particpated in the press conference (see picture attached):
Report and Release from the Democratic Whip...
September 29, 2004 — Press Item
House Democratic Whip Steny H. Hoyer today on the House Floor lambasted the legislative failures of this Republican Congress – no budget, intelligence reform, comprehensive energy reform, or transportation reauthorization bill and no tax bill to stop billions of dollars in European Union sanctions against American manufacturers. Now a Continuing Resolution must be passed to keep the government running. The following is Rep. Hoyer's statement as prepared for delivery:
House Majority Whip Roy Blunt (Mo.) and House Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer (Md.) today introduced legislation authorizing several programs for Special Olympics, including the design and implementation of Special Olympics education programs, the expansion of international participation, and the improvement and implementation of the Special Olympics Healthy Athletes program.
House Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer (MD) released the following statement today regarding House Republicans' commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the "Contract with America"; their legislative failures in the 108th Congress; and Democrats' commitment to aggressively address the problems facing America today:
House Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer (MD) today joined House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi (CA), the Democratic Caucus leadership, Democratic House members, and citizens from around the country in announcing the "New Partnership with America." The Partnership is a broad values-based agenda that reinforces Democrats' commitment to America's national defense, working families, and economic prosperity. The following is Rep. Hoyer's statement as prepared for delivery:
In This Section:
Email Updates
Latest From the House Floor
On Thursday, the House will meet at 9:00 a.m. for legislative business. First/Last votes expected: 12:30 – 1:30 p.m. "One Minutes" (5 per side)


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our mailing list. It's so wizard.
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Rick Ross performs #FuckWithMeYouKnowIGotIt @ Reebok Classic concert in Las Vegas. Also in attendance at the event held at Rain was Swizz Beatz, French Montana, Stalley, Tyga, Travis Scott, Travis Barker and more. Afterwards, Ciroc Amaretto #BlackGold presents MMG x Reebok private suite party.
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Welcome! My older DS (he's 2 1/2) has multiple food allergies. His highest are milk, eggs, peanuts, & tree nuts. We had him tested for food allergies because of reactions to milk and eggs and found out he also had high numbers to peanuts and tree nuts but he's never had much exposure to them or had a reaction but we carry an epi pen and benadryl with us everywhere we go. He was allergic to wheat and soy but has pretty much outgrown those allergies. He also had really bad eczema started from about 8 weeks (even when he was ebf he would have a reaction if I drank a lot of dairy) but once we found out his allergies his eczema improved drastically and he only gets a few spots during the winter and none during the summer now which is wonderful because his skin used to get raw and bleeding from it.
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New breed of sign waver on Harbor Boulevard
After passing through downtown Fullerton on Harbor Boulevard, drivers may notice a blonde female figure waving a sign that reads "Cash for Gold."
Her hair is much too blonde and her sign moves much too smoothly. She wears high heels and a short dress while holding a model's pose in the hot midday sun. Her attire is in stark contrast to the sun-beaten, bearded man wearing jeans and a T-shirt who waved the gold sign before her.
As cars pass by, people take a second glance, pointing fingers, faces slack with disbelief.
"Is that a real woman?" asked passerby Mel Torres, a resident of Long Beach and employee at Boeing. Upon realizing that it was actually a battery-powered robot, he was taken aback.
"That's creepy," he said.
According to Cash for Gold Exchange Partner Mark Suh, the blond, robotic sign waver is a major money-saver.
"I'll save $10,000 minimum," he said about the yearly cost of his sign waver. According to Suh, the robot costs around $2,000.
Labeled an "economy booster" on its brochure, the robot can wave a sign non-stop for up to 15 hours a day on a single charge of its battery. It's water resistant, does not become fatigued and does not need to take water or lunch breaks.
"My new employee doesn't have any of those problems," Suh said.
The sign waver is left out for around nine hours a day, six days a week, in front of the gold exchange. Sales Representative Dali Gonzalez says that it has attracted a lot of attention. Many people walking by will stop to look at it or even take a picture with it.
Cash For Gold Exchange hopes that the blonde bot will bring in more clients.
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Open Access Publishing – but who will pay?*
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Hi to all the wordpress gurus!
Few questions....
Based on the following site gettraffic3-0.com/training/ is someone able to answer some of my most pressing questions ;)
1/ Is this based on thesis 1.8 theme? or which theme???
2/ how have they incorporated the facebook like button and comments under the video?
3/ Are the small preview video images on the right in the sidebar???
4/ How can I put a video tab on the main video as they have been able to do on the left hand side?
Any further comments or assistance/suggestions on how they have been able to achieve any of these results appreciated!!!
I've got some intermediate skills with wordpress but appreciate and looking forward to feedback from some of you wordress guru junkies!!


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"Miami by Michel" Miami by mafootje
Miami Travel Guide: 1,309 reviews and 3,097 photos
Miami is a city where all kind of cultures come together...but it has mostly a spanish feel....
Things you can do here are sunbathing, dining, going to the movies, shopping..uhhm...well i guess you could do anything you like. It's doesn't matter if your a beach person, sit on a terrace and watch people going by, there's always something you will like.
There are malls, little shops but a sure must see is the Coco Walk....don't forget to walk around it there are more shops then what you see at first.
And miami also can be great for lovers....everyone feels like lovemaking even this turtles...
And for the dutch people who remember a commercial from a internet provider....we didn't not put them in this position they were doing it when we walked by.
- Cons:parking....it can be very expensive or plain impossible
Reviews (15)
It was our first hotel during our trip begin december 2007. We arrived around 10:00 PM. The hotel looked nice and check... more travel advice
Well despite the fact this was the first hotel ever which had a closed reception when i arrived it seems like a good... more travel advice
When we visited the Parrot Jungle there weren't that many visitors... Maybe not a good thing for the park but great for... more travel advice
Gameworks can be seen as a very large arcade where you can drink, eat and play. At this location they also are the... more travel advice
Comments (5)
Nice tips here! Unfortunately, we only managed to visit Miami for one day and so we were not able to explore the place.
Nice start on Miami!
Nice animal pictures, I'd love to see the parrots there someday!
Hey rids...they really do have wings at hooters..check their menu...."50 Wing Tailgate Bucket Get your wings to fly for your next get together. Bucket available for takeout only. "
Hmmm. Wings at Hooters eh? Nice harbor photo.
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3.1 of 5 stars
Other (US)
They provided us with a lot of opportunity to talk to many people in the office. Lots of classes where professionals talked to us and gave us advice on their positions. People were really friendly to talk to us.
I was not able to experience the whole of the finance department. I was given typical intern tasks such as scanning and organizing while I would have liked to work closer with and see more of the tasks the workers did on a daily basis.
Take the opportunities to talk to all the people you can to get connections. Do not expect to be doing a lot of hands on work.
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Los Angeles, CA
I loved being able to have a behind-the scenes look at the studio's inner workings. They worked hard to provide us with unique experiences, networking opportunities, and mentorship. The entire program was really focused on offering guidance and resources to help you in the future.
I didn't always feel like I was very valuable. Often there would not be any tasks for me to do, though I'd ask around. I don't mind administrative tasks at all, but I didn't feel like I had a lot of responsibility.
Nickelodeon is a wonderful environment filled with friendly people who are always willing to help. Take advantage of the knowledge of those around you and make yourself known.
I would suggest giving the interns more responsibility and having a better idea of what it is you want them to do.
I felt they mostly wanted to get to know me as a person. They asked me more about my future career goals, my past experience, and my interests.
2.7 of 5 stars
The best aspects were the atmosphere of the studio. It's a super friendly place. Also the interns are encouraged to meet with everyone from newly hired background painters to executives to show creators.
I did not like that I was not able to do any sort of design work for an actual show. I realized that I did not fit in with many of my fellow interns who were looking to go into Production Assisting as a way into the artist positions and I was hoping that my 4 years of undergrad and 3 years of graduate school as an animator might land me a position higher than an assistant.
It is a great place to work, especially if you are interested in TV animation and want to be a part of a big process.
The pay is not competitive compared with other internships that I have taken. Other than that the internship is truly a good experience.
Why did you choose to go to the school you are going to? What do your friends/professors think about you? What inspires you? Why Nickelodeon?
3.4 of 5 stars
Los Angeles, CA
Great work environment, with easy access to anyone in the studio. The program did a good job encouraging interns to meet with top executives and various other specialists within the company.
There wasn't much work to be done and the employees who I worked with directly showed very little interest in getting to know me personally unless I took very strong initiative. Didn't feel like I had an opportunity to contribute everything I could.
It's a great opportunity and you will get out what you put in. Wonderful company with lots of great people, you just need to be the one who goes out and meets them!
There is nothing the company can do as the whole internship is superbly organized. The only improvements would come with specific departments getting to know their interns on a personal note. We all have interesting stories!
The people we are fortunate to meet with, the company events, the hands-on work
It went by so quickly, sometimes I did feel like there were too many events for us to go to that I was unable to attend most. But not something I really would complain about.
Stay openminded


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Information About Eggs & Heart Health
…formation of LDL "bad" cholesterol—but that's an unfounded myth. The truth is that eggs are an excellent protein-rich choice for breakfast, or any meal of the day for that matter. They're also an excellent mood-booster, containing all of the basic amino acids necessary to produce essential neurotransmitters…Read More


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Call 1-800-338-3346 Weekdays 8:00a-5:00p CST
Whether you are shopping for Prom, Homecoming, Winterfest or any School Spirit related Event, you will find what you need at Anderson's! We've been serving schools for more than 40 years and take pride in our products and service. Shop for tiaras, crowns, scepters and sashes for your homecoming coronation and chandeliers, gossamer, photo arches and lighting for your big dance. We exist to help you make your students dreams come true!
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Sep 20
Apr 26
ART , Real Hip Hop. A revolution movement, DJ's and lots more details to come. Saturday night at culture bar april 26 2014. This will be a concert/rally/peaceful sit in, with no drama, good vibes, and even better people. Located In the heart of LSU, just like LSU is located in my heart so you know there will be love in the air. Clear your schedule and join us for the first Politiloco Manifesto. Let's all be one voice together in the start of something amazing. APRIL 26 2014! Hope you can be a part of this wonderful show which will feature art from arthouse2041 and Jill Mulkey. some of the most thought provoking pieces of art i have ever seen. Sure to spark inspiration in the mind. Each piece will be featured throughout the night. There will be live performances from Danman and myself, flows sure to be breaking the dams ..FLOODMUSIC. and one possible other, tbd. WE HAVE FIRE DANCING GIRLS FOR ALL YOU PYROMANIAC PERVERTS. Its really gonna be an event not to be missed. Security will be enforced. Just want everyone to stay "friendly". This night is gonna be about more than any one person or thing. Its about all of us coming together for the show of a life time and the start of a journey that may never end. A domino effect that hopefully will positively effect the community to throughout the world for milliniums to come... and if not there will be beer there:) and free cds from me "A-Z Politiloco" my 27 Track mix tape , Arthouse2041 is giving away this awesome painting.T-Shirts and double shots of whiskey will be raffled off as well. So your chances of leaving with a prize or buzz are very high. Hope to see you there and i'll keep ya posted with the facts like i was channel 9 news, -rocky bones is alive
Sep 19
Nov 16
Sep 15
Tickets are PRE-SOLD ONLY!


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Cortisol Stress Soother™ (60 capsules, 1-month supply)
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…neurotransmitter to foster communication between nerve cells. In addition, GABA is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system, meaning it calms down nerve cell "excitability." PharmaGABA is a form of GABA produced with the help of…


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Product Description
A New Classic for Rocking Through the Twenty-First Century
Available Finishes
A thicker, rounder, time-honored neck profile emulates the neck shapes of the iconic late '50s Gibson models.
Set-neck construction for better tone, better sustain, and no loose or misaligned necks.
Gibson's 490R AND 498T pickups for screaming tone.
Exquisite Mother-of Pearl and Acrylic Inlays
Among other key distinctions, the SG Standard stands out from its no-frills kid sister, the SG Special, because of the fine mother-of-pearl Gibson logo and holly inlays that decorate its headstock. The SG Standard also boasts figured acrylic trapezoid inlays along its rosewood fingerboard.
'50s Rounded Neck Profile
No guitar neck profiles are more distinguishable than the neck profiles employed on the Gibson models of today. The more traditional '50s neck profile--found on the SG Standard--is the thicker, rounder, more time-honored profile, emulating the neck shapes of the iconic late '50s Gibson models. The neck is machined in Gibson's rough mill using wood shapers to make the initial cuts. But once the fingerboard gets glued on, the rest--including the final sanding--is done by hand. That means there are no two necks with the exact same dimensions. So while it still has the basic characteristics of its respective profile, each neck will be slightly different, with a distinct but traditional feel.
Set-Neck Construction
Like all classic Gibson guitars, the necks on Les Pauls and SGs are distinguished by one of the more traditional features that have always set them apart--a glued neck joint. Gluing the neck to the body of the guitar ensures a "wood-to-wood" contact, no air space in the neck cavity, and maximum contact between the neck and body, allowing the neck and body to function as a single unit. The result? Better tone, better sustain, and no loose or misaligned necks.
Gibson's 490R AND 498T Pickups
The mid to late 1960s saw the emergence of a very different type of music coming from the clubs of England. This new genre's players were demanding more powerful amplifiers with increased volume outputs to satisfy their sonic explorations. This led to a call for a more versatile pickup, and Gibson answered the call with the 490T and 490R pickups ("T" for treble, and "R" for rhythm), humbuckers with the tonal characteristics of an original PAF, but with a slight increase in upper mid-range response. The Gibson 498T bridge pickup is the 490's ideal complement. Taking the 490 one step further, the 498 swaps the Alnico II magnet to an Alnico V, thus making it slightly hotter with emphasis on mid-ranges and highs. The pole pieces on the 498T are also aligned a little further apart to accommodate the spacing of the strings at the bridge, which is different than the spacing of the strings at the neck.
Solid Mahogany Body
Probably the most central of all SG features is its solid mahogany body. The mahogany goes through the same rigorous selection process as all of Gibson's woods, and is personally inspected and qualified by Gibson's team of skilled wood experts before it enters the factories. Inside the Gibson factories, humidity is maintained at 45 percent, and the temperature at 70 degrees. This ensures all woods are dried to a level of "equilibrium," where the moisture content does not change during the manufacturing process. This guarantees tight-fitting joints and no expansion, and controls the shrinkage and warping of the woods, in addition to reducing the weight. It also improves the woods' machinability and finishing properties. Consistent moisture content means that the SG will respond evenly to temperature and humidity changes long after it leaves the factory.


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I have an issue with extra items/duplicate items being added to the shopping cart.
If a user adds an item to their cart, then goes to another page, then uses the browsers back button, an extra item gets added to the cart. It appears to be happening in ie9 and firefox 14.0.1.
the issue doesn't occur in webkit browsers such as (google chrome, safari, mobile safarid) and opera (newest versions tested).
recreate issue: go to a shop page > click add to cart button > go to new page > use browser back button
Browsers affected: ie9 (possibly older version), and firefox 14.0.1. (mac osx and windows)
thanks, Kyle


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India's national hockey team announced Friday that it was calling off a series against arch-rivals Pakistan planned for next month amid growing tensions between the nuclear-armed neighbours.
Narinder Batra, the secretary general of Hockey India, said that the decision had been made at the instigation of the government less than three weeks before the start of the five-match home series.
"The foreign ministry did not give permission (for the series)," he told AFP.
Pakistan, which had been due to host a return series straight afterwards, deplored India's decision and threatened to pull out of the junior world cup to be staged across the border in December this year.
"We could stop our team from participating in the junior world cup," Asif Bajwa, secretary of the Pakistan Hockey Federation, told reporters.
The junior world cup is being held under the auspices of the International Hockey Federation, which could take action against Pakistan for not participating.
"We condemn India's policy of mixing politics with sport and if they continue to do so it will be a big loss for hockey fans and for hockey in Asia," Bajwa said.
"We will not play the hockey series on a neutral venue and now, if they agree to play a hockey series in the future, then India will have to tour us first," the former Olympian told reporters.
India and Pakistan had been due to play five matches from April 5-15 but the sport has now become the latest victim of tensions between the two countries, particularly over the disputed region of Kashmir.
Five Indian paramilitary police were killed in an ambush on Wednesday in Srinagar, the main city in the Indian-administered part of the territory.
Indian officials have said the attackers -- who were themselves shot dead -- appeared to have come from Pakistan, despite denials from Islamabad.
The Indian government has also been angered by a resolution passed by the Pakistani parliament on Thursday, denouncing the recent hanging in Delhi of a Kashmiri separatist convicted of plotting an attack on the national parliament.
Last week, Pakistan was forced to put off a snooker series after India rasied security concerns after a bomb attack killed 50 people in Karachi on March 3.
Several Pakistani hockey stars were also forced to pull out of the inaugural Indian Hockey League in January following a spate of killings across the de facto border in Kashmir.
The two sides last played a bilateral field hockey series in 2006 although they recently faced off in the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup at Ipoh in Malaysia.
The countries have won 11 Olympic field hockey titles between them and dominated the Games arena for decades, with India winning eight and Pakistan three.


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Forward Plus Daily Regimen® (60 packets, 1-month supply)
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…for head-to-toe support. This includes a full spectrum of nature-based vitamins, as well as key minerals in highly absorbable forms. Forward Plus blows away the competition in virtually every category of ingredients. For example, vitamin C: I'm sure I don't have to tell you why vitamin C is…


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text:
Advanced Electronic Cooling Technologies
Award Information
Small Business Information
8276 Eagle Road, Larkspur, CO, 80118
Principal Investigator:
John Vetrovec
(303) 681-0456
(303) 681-0456
Business Contact:
Katerina Vetrovec
VP of Business Developmen
(303) 681-0456
VP of Business Developmen
(303) 681-0456
Research Institution:
AbstractAqwest proposes to develop an advanced thermal management for cooling of electronic components using a variable conductance heat sink (VCHS) offering unparalleled capabilities in high-heat flux handling and temperature control. The project will produce a cooling system with the following benefits to wide band gap amplifiers and high-power laser diodes (HPLD): 1) Heat flux handling > 1200 W/cm2 2) Easily scalable by stacking to >10 kW 3) Heat spreading with equivalent thermal conductivity > 3000 W/m-K 4) Temperature control to < b1¢XC 5) Response time < 1 second 6) Compatible with DOD air and space environments The VCHS removes waste heat from semiconductor material and transfers it to system primary coolant. It employs a miniature closed flow loop receiving waste heat from semiconductor chips at a high heat flux, transporting it by forced convection, and transferring it to an air-cooled heat sink or liquid-cooled heat exchanger at a much lower heat flux. The flow is maintained electromagnetically without any moving parts. Junction temperature is controlled by the flow velocity. VCHS solves three (3) problems in one device: 1) effective removal/spreading of waste heat from semiconductor junctions 2) transfer of waste heat to a primary sink, and 3) temperature control. BENEFIT: Enables operation of high-power electronic devices at increased power densities such as wide band gap semiconductors. Provides effective cooling for new generations of high-power laser diodes. Applicable to military as well as commercial power electronics. Commercial applications include cooling of electronics in electric hybrid vehicles.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


text:
Persona 3 Portable
From GameWinners
Add to this page!
This game is titled Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 3 Portable in North America and Europe, and Persona 3 Portable in Japan.
New Game + mode
Successfully complete the game. New Game + mode retains your previously obtained level, Persona Compendium, equipment, play time, and special items unlocked from Maxed Social Links. You will also have access to the Monad Block and an optional Boss.
Heaven's Door
Reach the 252nd floor of Tartarus and defeat the Reaper.
Pandora's Door
Complete Margaret's Request. The Void Room will automatically open at 1/1.
Ultimate Persona
Complete the indicated task to unlock the corresponding Ultimate Persona.
- Surt: Max out the "Magician" social link.
- Odin: Max out the "Emperor" social link.
- Helel: Max out the "Star" social link.
- Beelzebub: Max out the "Devil" social link.
- Norn: Max out the "Fortune" social link.
- Susan-o: Max out the "Fool" social link.
- Arahabaki: Max out the "Hermit" social link.
- Thor: Max out the "Chariot" social link.
- Cybele: Max out the "Lovers" social link.
- Chi You: Max out the "Tower" social link.
- Alilat: Max out the "Empress" social link.
- Asura: Max out the "Sun" social link.
- Attis: Max out the "Hanged Man" social link.
- Daisoujou: Max out the "Hierophant" social link.
- Scathach: Max out the "Priestess" social link.
- Thanatos: Max out the "Death" social link.
- Yurlungur: Max out the "Temperance" social link.
- Metatron: Max out the "Aeon" social link.
- Siegfried: Max out the "Strength" social link.
- Melchizedek: Max out the "Justice" social link.
- Sandalphon: Max out the "Moon" social link.
- Messiah: Max out the "Judgement" social link.
- OrpheusTelos: Max out all social links.
Original Persona 3 introduction
Die during a battle and do not use a Plume of Dusk. The introduction from the original Persona 3 will appear at the main menu.
100% Shuffle Time occurrence
Enter Tartarus alone or finish the battle with an All-Out Attack.
Max out the "Nyx Annihilation Team" social link, then fuse Thanatos and Orpheus.
Wander Tartarus undetected
Successfully initiate a fight, then run to the next enemy within three seconds or less. Even though you are in front of the enemy you will remain undetected. This trick is useful when trying to initiate a fight against rare monsters which can easily detect you.
Fight the ultimate opponent without unlocking the request
Enter Heaven's Door until you reach the tenth floor. Obviously, no one will be there since you did not accept the request. Go to the center of the room, then move slightly north until you see a prompt above the main character's head. Press X to start a conversation and Elizabeth/Theodore will suddenly appear. Accept the challenge to fight the ultimate opponent.
Walkthrough: North American version
Walkthrough: Japanese version
Strategy guides from GameFAQs


text:
Preservation Briefs: 10 Exterior Paint Problems On Historic Woodwork
- Procedure code:
- Source:
- Preservation Briefs 10, National Park Service, Pad
- Division:
- Finishes
- Section:
- Exterior Painting
- Last Modified:
- 09/10/2012
The link immediately below connects to the latest version of National Park Service Preservation Brief 10:
Kay D. Weeks and David W. Look, AIA
This standard includes the bulk of information contained in the
original Preservation Brief developed by the National Park Service.
To obtain a complete copy of this brief, including figures and
illustrations, please contact:
Superintendent of Documents
P.O. Box 371954
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
Available ONLY in package sets
Briefs 1-14 - $13.00
Please call the Publication Order Information Desk at 202/783-3238
or FAX 202/512-2250 to verify price and availability.
This Brief expands on that advice for the architect, building
manager, contractor, or homeowner by identifying and describing
common types of paint surface conditions and failures, then
recommending appropriate treatments for preparing exterior wood
surfaces for repainting to assure the best adhesion and greatest
durability of the new paint. Although the Brief focuses on
responsible methods of "paint removal," several paint surface
conditions will be described which do not require any paint
removal, and still others which can be successfully handled by
limited paint removal. In all cases, the information is intended
to address the concerns related to exterior wood. It will also be
generally assumed that, because houses built before 1950 involve
one or more layers of lead-base paint, the majority of conditions
warranting paint removal will mean dealing with this toxic
substance along with the dangers of the paint removal tools and
chemical strippers themselves.
Paint applied to exterior wood must withstand yearly extremes of
both temperature and humidity. While never expected to be more
than a temporary physical shield--requiring reapplication every 5-8
years--its importance should not be minimized. Because one of the
main causes of wood deterioration is moisture penetration, a
primary purpose for painting wood is to exclude such moisture,
thereby slowing deterioration not only of a building's exterior
siding and decorative features but, ultimately, its underlying
structural members. Another important purpose for painting wood
is, of course, to define and accent architectural features and to
improve appearance.
Exterior paint is constantly deteriorating through the processes of
weathering, but in a program of regular maintenance--assuming all
other building systems are functioning properly--surfaces can be
cleaned, lightly scraped, and hand sanded in preparation for a new
finish coat. Unfortunately, these are ideal conditions. More
often, complex maintenance problems are inherited by owners of
historic buildings, including areas of paint that have failed
beyond the point of mere cleaning, scraping, and hand sanding
(although much so-called "paint failure" is attributable to
interior or exterior moisture problems or surface preparation and
application mistakes with previous coats).
Although paint problems are by no means unique to historic
buildings, treating multiple layers of hardened, brittle paint on
complex, ornamental--and possibly fragile--exterior wood surfaces
necessarily requires an extremely cautious approach. In the case
of recent construction this level of concern is not needed because
the wood is generally less detailed and, in addition, retention of
the sequence of paint layers as a partial record of the building's
history is not an issue.
When historic buildings are involved, however, a special set of
problems arises--varying in complexity depending upon their age,
architectural style, historical importance, and physical soundness
of the wood--which must be carefully evaluated so that decisions
can be made that are sensitive to the longevity of the resource.
At the outset of this Brief, it must be emphasized that removing
paint from historic buildings--with the exception of cleaning,
light scraping, and hand sanding as part of routine
maintenance--should be avoided unless absolutely essential. ONCE
THE GENTLEST MEANS POSSIBLE, THEN TO REPAINT. Practically
speaking, paint can adhere just as effectively to existing paint as
to bare wood, providing the previous coats of paint are also
adhering uniformly and tightly to the wood and the surface is
properly prepared for repainting--cleaned of dirt and chalk and
dulled by sanding. But, if painted exterior wood surfaces display
continuous patterns of deep cracks or if they are extensively
blistering and peeling so that bare wood is visible, then the old
paint should be completely removed before repainting. The only
other justification for removing all previous layers of paint is if
doors, shutters, or windows have literally been "painted shut," or
if new wood is being pieced-in adjacent to old painted wood and a
smooth transition is desired.
Because paint removal is a difficult and painstaking process, a
number of costly, regrettable experiences have occurred--and
continue to occur--for both the historic building and the building
owner. Historic buildings have been set on fire with blow torches;
wood irreversibly scarred by sandblasting or by harsh mechanical
devices such as rotary sanders and rotary wire strippers; and
layers of historic paint inadvertently and unnecessarily removed.
In addition, property owners, using techniques that substitute
speed for safety, have been injured by toxic lead vapors or dust
from the paint they were trying to remove or by misuse of the paint
removers themselves.
Owners of historic properties considering paint removal should also
be aware of the amount of time and labor involved. While removing
damaged layers of paint from a door or porch railing might be
readily accomplished within a reasonable period of time by one or
two people, removing paint from larger areas of a building can,
without professional assistance, easily become unmanageable and
produce less than satisfactory results. The amount of work
involved in any paint removal project must therefore be analyzed on
a case-by-case basis. Hiring qualified professionals will often be
a cost-effective decision due to the expense of materials, the
special equipment required, and the amount of time involved.
Further, paint removal companies experienced in dealing with the
inherent health and safety dangers of paint removal should have
purchased such protective devices as are needed to mitigate any
dangers and should also be aware of State or local environmental
and/or health regulations for hazardous waste disposal.
All in all, paint removal is a messy, expensive, and potentially
dangerous aspect of rehabilitating or restoring historic buildings
and should not be undertaken without careful thought concerning
first, its necessity, and second, which of the available
recommended methods is the safest and most appropriate for the job
at hand.
If existing exterior paint on wood siding, eaves, window sills,
sash, and shutters, doors, and decorative features shows no
evidence of paint deterioration such as chalking, blistering,
peeling, or cracking, then there is no physical reason to repaint,
much less remove paint! Nor is color fading, of itself, sufficient
justification to repaint an historic building.
The decision to repaint may not be based altogether on paint
failure. Where there is a new owner, or even where ownership has
remained constant through the years, taste in colors often changes.
Therefore, if repainting is primarily to alter a building's primary
and accent colors, a technical factor of paint accumulation should
be taken into consideration. When paint builds up to a thickness
of approximately 1/16" (approximately 16-30 layers), one or more
extra coats of paint may be enough to trigger cracking and peeling
in limited or even widespread areas of the building's surface.
This results because excessively thick paint is less able to
withstand the shrinkage or pull of an additional coat as it dries
and is also less able to tolerate thermal stresses. Thick paint
invariably fails at the weakest point of adhesion -- the oldest
layers next to the wood. Cracking and peeling follow. Therefore,
if there are no signs of paint failure, it may be somewhat risky to
add still another layer of unneeded paint simply for color's sake
(extreme changes in color may also require more than one coat to
provide proper hiding power and full color). When paint appears to
be nearing the critical thickness, a change of accent colors (that
is, just to limited portions of the trim) might be an acceptable
compromise without chancing cracking and peeling of paint on wooden
If the decision to repaint is nonetheless made, the "new" color or
colors should, at a minimum, be appropriate to the style and
setting of the building. On the other hand, where the intent is to
restore or accurately reproduce the colors originally used or those
from a significant period in the building's evolution, they should
be based on the results of a paint analysis.
It is assumed that a preliminary check will already have been made
to determine, first, that the painted exterior surfaces are indeed
wood--and not stucco, metal, or other wood substitutes--and second,
that the wood has not decayed so that repainting would be
superfluous. For example, if any area of bare wood such as window
sills has been exposed for a long period of time to standing water,
wood rot is a strong possibility. Repair or replacement of
deteriorated wood should take place before repainting. After these
two basic issues have been resolved, the surface condition
identification process may commence.
The historic building will undoubtedly exhibit a variety of
exterior paint surface conditions. For example, paint on the
wooden siding and doors may be adhering firmly; paint on the eaves
peeling; and paint on the porch balusters and window sills cracking
and alligatoring. The accurate identification of each paint
problem is therefore the first step in planning an appropriate
overall solution.
Paint surface conditions can be grouped according to their relative
severity: CLASS I conditions include minor blemishes or dirt
collection and generally require no paint removal; CLASS II
conditions include failure of the top layer or layers of paint and
generally require limited paint removal; and CLASS III conditions
include substantial or multiple-layer failure and generally require
total paint removal. It is precisely because conditions will vary
at different points on the building that a careful inspection is
critical. Each item of painted exterior woodwork (i.e., siding,
doors, windows, eaves, shutters, and decorative elements) should be
examined early in the planning phase and surface conditions noted.
- Cause of Condition:
Environmental "grime" or organic matter that tends to cling to
painted exterior surfaces and, in particular, protected
surfaces such as eaves, do not constitute a paint problem
unless painted over rather than removed prior to repainting.
If not removed, the surface deposits can be a barrier to
proper adhesion and cause peeling.
- Recommended Treatment:
Most surface matter can be loosened by a strong, direct stream
of water from the nozzle of a garden hose. Stubborn dirt and
soot will need to be scrubbed off using 1/2 cup of household
detergent in a gallon of water with a medium soft bristle
brush. The cleaned surface should then be rinsed thoroughly,
and permitted to dry before further inspection to determine if
repainting is necessary. Quite often, cleaning provides a
satisfactory enough result to postpone repainting.
- Cause of Condition:
Mildew is caused by fungi feeding on nutrients contained in
the paint film or on dirt adhering to any surface. Because
moisture is the single most important factor in its growth,
mildew tends to thrive in areas where dampness and lack of
sunshine are problems such as window sills, under eaves,
around gutters and downspouts, on the north side of buildings,
or in shaded areas near shrubbery. It may sometimes be
difficult to distinguish mildew from dirt, but there is a
simple test to differentiate: if a drop of household bleach is
placed on the suspected surface, mildew will immediately turn
white whereas dirt will continue to look like dirt.
- Recommended Treatment:
Because mildew can only exist in shady, warm, moist areas,
attention should be given to altering the environment that is
conducive to fungal growth. The area in question may be
shaded by trees which need to be pruned back to allow sunlight
to strike the building; or may lack rain gutters or proper
drainage at the base of the building. If the shady or moist
conditions can be altered, the mildew is less likely to
reappear. A recommended solution for removing mildew consists
of one cup non-ammoniated detergent, one quart household
bleach, and one gallon water. When the surface is scrubbed
with this solution using a medium soft brush, the mildew
should disappear; however, for particularly stubborn spots, an
additional quart of bleach may be added. After the area is
mildew-free, it should then be rinsed with a direct stream of
water from the nozzle of a garden hose, and permitted to dry
thoroughly. When repainting, specially formulated
"mildew-resistant" primer and finish coats should be used.
- Cause of Condition:
Chalking--or powdering of the paint surface--is caused by the
gradual disintegration of the resin in the paint film. (The
amount of chalking is determined both by the formulation of
the paint and the amount of ultraviolet light to which the
paint is exposed.) In moderation, chalking is the ideal way
for a paint to "age," because the chalk, when rinsed by
rainwater, carries discoloration and dirt away with it and
thus provides an ideal surface for repainting. In excess,
however, it is not desirable because the chalk can wash down
onto a surface of a different color beneath the painted area
and cause streaking as well as rapid disintegration of the
paint film itself. Also, if a paint contains too much pigment
for the amount of binder (as the old white lead carbonate/oil
paints often did), excessive chalking can result.
- Recommended Treatment:
The chalk should be cleaned off with a solution of l/2 cup
household detergent to one gallon water, using a medium soft
bristle brush. After scrubbing to remove the chalk, the
surface should be rinsed with a direct stream of water from
the nozzle of a garden hose, allowed to dry thoroughly, (but
not long enough for the chalking process to recur) and
repainted, using a non-chalking paint.
- Cause of Condition:
Staining of paint coatings usually results from excess
moisture reacting with materials within the wood substrate.
There are two common types of staining, neither of which
requires paint removal. The most prevalent type of stain is
due to the oxidation or rusting of iron nails or metal (iron,
steel, or copper) anchorage devices. A second type of stain
is caused by a chemical reaction between moisture and natural
extractives in certain woods (red cedar or redwood) which
results in a surface deposit of colored matter. This is most
likely to occur in new replacement wood within the first 10-15
- Recommended Treatment:
In both cases, the source of the stain should first be located
and the moisture problem corrected.
When stains are caused by rusting of the heads of nails used
to attach shingles or siding to an exterior wall or by rusting
or oxidizing iron, steel, or copper anchorage devices adjacent
to a painted surface, the metal objects themselves should be
hand sanded and coated with a rust inhibitive primer followed
by two finish coats. (Exposed nail heads should ideally be
countersunk, spot primed, and the holes filled with a high
quality wood filler except where exposure of the nail head was
part of the original construction system or the wood is too
fragile to withstand the countersinking procedure.)
Discoloration due to color extractives in replacement wood can
usually be cleaned with a solution of equal parts denatured
alcohol and water. After the affected area has been rinsed
and permitted to dry, a "stain-blocking primer" especially
developed for preventing this type of stain should be applied
(two primer coats are recommended for severe cases of bleeding
prior to the finish coat). Each primer coat should be allowed
to dry at least 48 hours.
- Cause of Condition:
Crazing--fine, jagged interconnected breaks in the top layer
of paint--results when paint that is several layers thick
becomes excessively hard and brittle with age and is
consequently no longer able to expand and contract with the
wood in response to changes in temperature and humidity. As
the wood swells, the bond between paint layers is broken and
hairline cracks appear. Although somewhat more difficult to
detect as opposed to other more obvious paint problems, it is
well worth the time to scrutinize all surfaces for crazing.
If not corrected, exterior moisture will enter the crazed
surface, resulting in further swelling of the wood and,
eventually, deep cracking and alligatoring, a Class III
condition which requires total paint removal.
- Recommended Treatment:
Crazing can be treated by hand or mechanically sanding the
surface, then repainting. Although the hairline cracks may
tend to show through the new paint, the surface will be
protected against exterior moisture penetration.
- Cause of Condition:
Intercoat peeling can be the result of improper surface
preparation prior to the last repainting. This most often
occurs in protected areas such as eaves and covered porches
because these surfaces do not receive a regular rinsing from
rainfall, and salts from air-borne pollutants thus accumulate
on the surface. If not cleaned off, the new paint coat will
not adhere properly and that layer will peel.
Another common cause of intercoat peeling is incompatibility
between paint types. For example, if oil paint is applied
over latex paint, peeling of the top coat can sometimes result
since, upon aging, the oil paint becomes harder and less
elastic than the latex paint. If latex paint is applied over
old, chalking oil paint, peeling can also occur because the
latex paint is unable to penetrate the chalky surface and
- Recommended Treatment:
First, where salts or impurities have caused the peeling, the
affected area should be washed down thoroughly after scraping,
then wiped dry. Finally, the surface should be hand or
mechanically sanded, then repainted.
Where peeling was the result of using incompatible paints, the
peeling top coat should be scraped and hand or mechanically
sanded. Application of a high quality oil type exterior
primer will provide a surface over which either an oil or a
latex topcoat can be successfully used.
- Cause of Condition:
Solvent blistering, the result of a less common application
error, is not caused by moisture, but by the action of ambient
heat on paint solvent or thinners in the paint film. If
solvent-rich paint is applied in direct sunlight, the top
surface can dry too quickly and, as a result, solvents become
trapped beneath the dried paint film. When the solvent
vaporizes, it forces its way through the paint film, resulting
in surface blisters. This problem occurs more often with dark
colored paints because darker colors absorb more heat than
lighter ones. To distinguish between solvent blistering and
blistering caused by moisture, a blister should be cut open.
If another layer of paint is visible, then solvent blistering
is the likely problem. Whereas, if bare wood is revealed,
moisture is probably to blame. Solvent blisters are generally
- Recommended Treatment:
Solvent-blistered areas can be scraped, hand or mechanically
sanded to the next sound layer, then repainted. In order to
prevent blistering of painted surfaces, paint should not be
applied in direct sunlight.
- Cause of Condition:
Another error in application that can easily be avoided is
wrinkling. This occurs when the top layer of paint dries
before the layer underneath. The top layer of paint actually
moves as the paint underneath (a primer, for example) is
drying. Specific causes of wrinkling include: (1) applying
paint too thick; (2) applying a second coat before the first
one dries; (3) inadequate brushing out; and (4) painting in
temperatures higher than recommended by the manufacturer.
- Recommended Treatment:
The wrinkled layer can be removed by scraping followed by hand
or mechanical sanding to provide as even a surface as
possible, then repainted following manufacturer's application
If surface conditions are such that the majority of paint will have
to be removed prior to repainting, it is suggested that a small
sample of intact paint be left in an inconspicuous area either by
covering the area with a metal plate, or by marking the area and
identifying it in some way. (When repainting does take place, the
sample should not be painted over). This will enable future
investigators to have a record of the building's paint history.
- Cause of Condition:
Peeling to bare wood is most often caused by excess interior
or exterior moisture that collects behind the paint film, thus
impairing adhesion. Generally beginning as blisters, cracking
and peeling occur as moisture causes the wood to swell,
breaking the adhesion of the bottom layer.
- Recommended Treatment:
There is no reason for repainting before dealing with the
moisture problems because new paint will simply fail.
Therefore, the first step in treating peeling is to locate and
remove the source or sources of the moisture, not only because
moisture will jeopardize the protective coating of paint, but
if left unattended, it can ultimately cause permanent damage
to the wood. Excess interior moisture should be removed from
the building through installation of exhaust fans and vents.
Exterior moisture should be eliminated by correcting the
following conditions prior to repainting: faulty flashing;
leaking gutters; defective roof shingles; cracks and holes in
siding and trim; deteriorated caulking in joints and seams;
and shrubbery growing too close to painted wood. After the
moisture problems have been resolved, the wood must be
permitted to dry out thoroughly The damaged paint can then be
scraped off with a putty knife, hand or mechanically sanded,
primed, and repainted.
- Cause of Condition:
Cracking and alligatoring are advanced stages of crazing.
Once the bond between layers has been broken due to intercoat
paint failure, exterior moisture is able to penetrate the
surface cracks, causing the wood to swell and deeper cracking
to take place. This process continues until cracking, which
forms parallel to grain, extends to bare wood. Ultimately,
the cracking becomes an overall pattern of horizontal and
vertical breaks in the paint layers that looks like reptile
skin, hence, "alligatoring." In advanced stages of cracking
and alligatoring, the surfaces will also flake badly.
- Recommended Treatment:
If cracking and alligatoring are present only in the top
layers they can probably be scraped, hand or mechanically
sanded to the next sound layer, then repainted. However, if
cracking and/or alligatoring have progressed to bare wood and
the paint has begun to flake, it will need to be totally
removed. Methods include scraping or paint removal with the
electric heat plate, electric heat gun, or chemical strippers,
depending on the particular area involved. Bare wood should
be primed within 48 hours, then repainted.
After having presented the "hierarchy" of exterior paint surface
conditions--from a mild condition such as mildewing which simply
requires cleaning prior to repainting to serious conditions such as
peeling and alligatoring which require total paint removal--one
important thought bears repeating: if a paint problem has been
identified that warrants either limited or total paint removal, the
gentlest method possible for the particular wooden element of the
historic building should be selected from the many available
The treatments recommended (based upon field testing as well as on
site monitoring of Department of Interior grant-in-aid and
certification of rehabilitation projects) are those which take
three over-riding issues into consideration (1) the continued
protection and preservation of the historic exterior woodwork; (2)
the retention of the sequence of historic paint layers; and (3) the
health and safety of those individuals performing the paint
removal. By applying these criteria, it is evident that no paint
removal method is without its drawbacks and all recommendations are
qualified in varying degrees.
After a particular exterior paint surface condition has been
identified, the next step in planning for repainting--if paint
removal is required--is selecting an appropriate method for such
The method or methods selected should be suitable for the specific
paint problem as well as the particular wooden element of the
building. Methods for paint removal can be divided into three
categories (frequently, however, a combination of the three methods
is used).
Each method is defined below, then discussed further and specific
recommendations made:
1. Abrasive--"Abrading" the painted surface by manual and/or
mechanical means such as scraping and sanding. Generally
used for surface preparation and limited paint removal .
2. Thermal--Softening and raising the paint layers by
applying heat followed by scraping and sanding.
Generally used for total paint removal.
3. Chemical--Softening of the paint layers with chemical
strippers followed by scraping and sanding. Generally
used for total paint removal.
If conditions have been identified that require limited paint
removal such as crazing, intercoat peeling, solvent blistering, and
wrinkling, scraping and hand sanding should be the first methods
employed before using mechanical means. Even in the case of more
serious conditions such as peeling--where the damaged paint is weak
and already sufficiently loosened from the wood surface--scraping
and hand sanding may be all that is needed prior to repainting.
RECOMMENDED ABRASIVE METHODS (MANUAL): Putty knife, paint scraper,
sandpaper, sanding block, sanding sponge. Applicable areas of
building: All areas. For use on: Class I, Class II, and Class III
conditions. Health/Safety factors: Take precautions against lead
dust, eye damage; dispose of lead paint residue properly.
- Putty Knife/Paint Scraper: Scraping is usually accomplished
with either a putty knife or a paint scraper, or both. Putty
knives range in width from one to six inches and have a
beveled edge. A putty knife is used in a pushing motion going
under the paint and working from an area of loose paint toward
the edge where the paint is still firmly adhered. In effect,
"beveling" the remaining layers so that as smooth a transition
as possible is made between damaged and undamaged areas.
Paint scrapers are commonly available in 1-5/16, 2-1/2 and
3-1/2 inch widths and have replaceable blades. In addition,
profiled scrapers can be made specifically for use on
moldings. As opposed to the putty knife, the paint scraper is
used in a pulling motion and works by raking the damaged areas
of paint away.
The obvious goal in using the putty knife or the paint scraper
is to selectively remove the affected layer or layers of
paint. However, both of these tools, particularly the paint
scraper with its hooked edge, must be used with care to
properly prepare the surface and to avoid gouging the wood.
- Sandpaper/Sanding Block/Sanding sponge: After manually
removing the damaged layer or layers by scraping, the uneven
surface (due to the almost inevitable removal of varying
numbers of paint layers in a given area) will need to be
smoothed or "feathered out" prior to repainting. As stated
before, hand sanding, as opposed to harsher mechanical
sanding, is recommended if the area is relatively limited. A
coarse grit, open-coat flint sandpaper--the least expensive
kind--is useful for this purpose because, as the sandpaper
clogs with paint it must be discarded and this process
repeated until all layers adhere uniformly.
Blocks made of wood or hard rubber and covered with sandpaper
are useful for handsanding flat surfaces. Sanding
sponges--rectangular sponges with an abrasive aggregate on
their surfaces--are also available for detail work that
residue properly.