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Research Projects
Elstak, M., van Riel, C., Bhatt, M. (PhD 2011), Pratt, M.G. & Berens, G., 2015. Organizational Identification during Change: The Role of Self-Enhancement and Uncertainty Reduction Motives, Journal of Management Studies, 51(1): 32-62
Giorgi, S., Lockwood, C. & Glynn, M.A. 2015. The Many Faces of Culture: Making Sense of 30 years of Research on Culture in Organization Studies. Academy of Management Annals, 9: 1, 1-54.
Raffaelli, R. & Glynn, M.A. 2015. What's So Institutional about Leadership? Theorizing Mechanisms of Value Infusion. In Institutions and Ideals: Philip Selznick's Legacy for Organization Studies, vol. 44, in Kraatz, M. (Ed.), Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Emerald Group Publishing.
Rockmann, K. & Pratt, M.G. 2015. Contagious offsite work and the lonely office?: The Unintended Consequences of Distributed Work. Academy of Management Discoveries, 1: 150-164. http://amd.aom.org/content/1/2/150.short. This has been picked up the New York Times, Boston Globe, Time, and Sloan Management Review (among others).
Spinello, R. 2016. "The Right to Privacy in the Age of Digital Technology," in Privacy in a Digital Networked World eds. Sherali Zeadally and Mohamad Badra (London: Springer, 2016), pp. 291-312.
Spinello, R. 2015. "John Paul II's Social and Political Doctrine: Lessons for Contemporary Poland." The Polish Review, 2015, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 81-98.
Waddock, S. 2015. Reflections: Intellectual Shamans, Sensemaking, and Memes in Large System Change. Journal of Change Management, 2015, 15(4): 259-273. Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2015.1031954.
The Complexity of Wicked Problems in Large System Change. Sandra Waddock, Domenico Dentoni, Greta Meszoely, Steve Waddell. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(6): 993-1012.
Waddock, S. 2015. Stewardship of the Future: Large System Change and Company Stewardship. In Corporate Stewardship, edited by Ed Lawler, Sue Mohrman, and Jim O'Toole. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf, 2015: 36-54.
Yu, T. & Glynn, M.A. 2015. Competitive Memory: How organizations bring the strategic past into the present. In Gavetti, G. & Ocasio, W. (Eds.), Advances in Strategic Management, Vol. 32, Cognition and Strategy.
Mary Ann Glynn was the 2015 winner of OMT Division Best Symposium Proposal Award, AOM, for "What does imprinting mean? New Perspectives on Imprint Formation and Persistence Processes." For the 2015-16 academic year, she is serving as the Vice President and Program Chair for the Academy of Management.
Erica Steckler (PhD 2014) was awarded the 2015 Best Dissertation Award by the Social Issues in Management Division of the Academy of Management for "The Social Construction of Organizational Authenticity by Stakeholders," at the annual meeting, August, 2015, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Sandra Waddock received the 2015 Leadership in Humanistic Management award, presented by The Humanistic Management Network, and Center for Humanistic Management, Fordham University, Academy of Management annual meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, August 2015.


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Everyone who really knows Caltech understands that it is unique among universities around the world. But just what makes Caltech so special? We've asked that question before, and the numbers don't tell the full story. So, is it our focus? Our culture? Our people?
The UK's Times Higher Education magazine recently tackled the topic, asking more specifically, "How does a tiny institution create such an outsized impact?" Caltech faculty share their perspectives in the cover story of the magazine's latest issue.
For decades, astrophysicists have encountered a puzzling contradiction: although many galactic-wind models—simulations of how matter is distributed in our universe—predict that the majority of the "normal" matter exists in stars at the center of galaxies, in actuality these stars account for less than 10 percent of the matter in the universe. A new set of simulations offer insight into this mismatch between the models and reality: the energy released by individual stars within galaxies can have a substantial effect on where matter is located in the universe.
The Feedback in Realistic Environments, or FIRE, project is the culmination of a multiyear, multiuniversity effort that—for the first time—simulates the evolution of galaxies from shortly after the Big Bang through today. The first simulation to factor in the realistic effects of stars on their galaxies, FIRE results suggest that the radiation from stars is powerful enough to push matter out of galaxies. And this push is enough to account for the "missing" galactic mass in previous calculations, says Philip Hopkins, assistant professor of theoretical astrophysics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and lead author of a paper resulting from the project.
"People have guessed for a long time that the 'missing physics' in these models was what we call feedback from stars," Hopkins says. "When stars form, they should have a dramatic impact on the galaxies in which they arise, through the radiation they emit, the winds they blow off of their surfaces, and their explosions as supernovae. Previously, it has not been possible to directly follow any of these processes within a galaxy, so the earlier models simply estimated—indirectly—the impact of these effects."
By incorporating the data of individual stars into whole-galaxy models, Hopkins and his colleagues can look at the actual effects of star feedback—how radiation from stars "pushes" on galactic matter—in each of the galaxies they study. With new and improved computer codes, Hopkins and his colleagues can now focus their model on specific galaxies, using what are called zoom-in simulations. "Zoom-in simulations allow you to 'cut out' and study just the region of the universe—a few million light-years across, for example—around what's going to become the galaxy you care about," he says. "It would be crazy expensive to run simulations of the entire universe—about 50 billion light-years across—all at once, so you just pick one galaxy at a time, and you concentrate all of your resolution there."
A zoomed-in view of evolving stars within galaxies allows the researchers to see the radiation from stars and supernovae explosions blowing large amounts of material out of those galaxies. When they calculate the amount of matter lost from the galaxies during these events, that feedback from stars in the simulation accurately accounts for the low masses that have been actually observed in real galaxies. "The big thing that we are able to explain is that real galaxies are much less massive than they would be if these feedback processes weren't operating," he says. "So if you care about the structure of a galaxy, you really need to care about star formation and supernovae—and the effect of their feedback on the galaxy."
But once stars push this matter out of the galaxy, where does it go?
That's a good question, Hopkins says—and one that the researchers hope to answer by combining their simulations with new observations in the coming months.
"Stars and supernovae seem to produce these galactic superwinds that blow material out into what we call the circum- and intergalactic medium—the space around and between galaxies. It's really timely for us because there are a lot of new observations of the gas in this intergalactic medium right now, many of them coming from Caltech," Hopkins says. "For example, people have recently found that there are more heavy elements floating around a couple hundred thousand light-years away from a galaxy than are actually inside the galaxy itself. You can track the lost matter by finding these heavy elements; we know they are only made in the fusion in stars, so they had to be inside a galaxy at some point. This fits in with our picture and we can now actually start to map out where this stuff is going."
Although the FIRE simulations can accurately account for the low mass of small- to average-size galaxies, the physics included, as in previous models, can't explain all of the missing mass in very large galaxies—like those larger than our Milky Way. Hopkins and his colleagues have hypothesized that black holes at the centers of these large galaxies might release enough energy to push out the rest of the matter not blown out by stars. "The next step for the simulations is accounting for the energy from black holes that we've mostly ignored for now," he says.
The information provided by the FIRE simulations shows that feedback from stars can alter the growth and history of galaxies in a much more dramatic way than anyone had previously anticipated, Hopkins says. "We've just begun to explore these new surprises, but we hope that these new tools will enable us to study a whole host of open questions in the field."
These results were submitted to the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on November 8, 2013 in a paper titled "Galaxies on FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments): Stellar Feedback Explains Cosmologically Inefficient Star Formation." In addition to Hopkins, other authors on the paper include Duìan Kereì, UC San Diego; José Oñorbe and James S. Bullock, UC Irvine; Claude-André Faucher-Giguère, Northwestern University; Eliot Quataert, UC Berkeley; and Norman Murray, the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics. Hopkins's work was funded by the National Science Foundation and a NASA Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship, as well as the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
John H. Schwarz, the Harold Brown Professor of Theoretical Physics at Caltech, and Michael B. Green of the University of Cambridge have been awarded the 2014 Fundamental Physics Prize in recognition of the new perspectives they have brought to quantum gravity and the unification of the fundamental physical forces of the universe. The prize comes with a $3 million award.
The prize was announced at an award ceremony at NASA's Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley on December 12. Alexander Varshavsky, Caltech's Howard and Gwen Laurie Smits Professor of Cell Biology received the 2014 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences at the same ceremony. Schwarz and Green were awarded the Physics Frontiers Prize earlier this year, which admitted them to candidacy for the Fundamental Physics Prize. The 2014 Physics Frontiers Prize was also awarded to Joseph Polchinski of the University of California, Santa Barbara, a Caltech alumnus (BS, 1975).
The Fundamental Physics Prize is awarded by the Fundamental Physics Prize Foundation, which was established in July 2012 by Russian physicist and Internet entrepreneur Yuri Milner to recognize groundbreaking work in the field. Previous winners include Caltech's Alexei Kitaev, the Ronald and Maxine Linde Professor of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics. He and the other recipients of the award—including theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking—served on the selection committee for this year's prize.
Schwarz and Green were honored for developing superstring theory during their collaboration between 1979 and 1986. Its predecessor, string theory, originated in the late 1960s in response to the discovery of many new particles via accelerator experiments. Theoretical physicists, says Schwarz, tried "to make order out of all this chaos" by postulating that the fundamental object of the universe is the string and that the various particles in the universe could be adequately described as different oscillation modes of the string. It was thought for a time that string theory would yield an explanation of the strong nuclear force that binds protons and neutrons together in an atom's nucleus (or even more fundamentally, the quarks and gluons that make up protons and neutrons). But then in the mid-1970s, quantum chromodynamics provided an excellent account of the strong nuclear force, and string theory fell out of favor among most theoretical physicists.
In 1974, Schwarz and his then collaborator, Joel Scherk, suggested a different possible use of string theory: a quantum theory of gravity and the unification of all the forces in nature. To follow up on this suggestion, Schwarz began his collaboration with Green in 1979, and together they created superstring theory, a version of string theory that relies on the property of supersymmetry to relate the two fundamental types of particles in quantum theory—bosons and fermions—to one another.
According to Schwarz, this is "a very ambitious project, and not something that's going to be completed in my lifetime." But, he says, "people are making lots and lots of progress. We keep discovering new things about superstring theory, which give us the sense that we're closing in on something really important." Indeed, experimental physicists working on CERN's Large Hadron Collider may soon be able to prove the existence of supersymmetry, which, says Schwarz, "wouldn't prove that superstring theory is right, but would be extremely encouraging."
This optimism regarding the ultimate success of superstring theory has not always been shared throughout the scientific community. When Schwarz and Green began their work together in 1979, it was, says Schwarz, "not particularly fashionable or popular." But in 1984, the pair's discovery of the so-called Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism brought new excitement to superstring theory. "It has remained popular ever since—30 years later," Schwarz remarks.
Schwarz notes that he is especially honored to receive the Fundamental Physics Prize because "the people who were making the selection were other theoretical physicists who've already won the prize, and they are people that I respect and admire. Being chosen by them is particularly meaningful." Schwarz and Green are now eligible to serve on the selection committee for future Fundamental Physics Prizes.
By observing a high-speed component of a massive galaxy cluster, Caltech/JPL scientists and collaborators have detected for the first time in an individual object the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, a change in the cosmic microwave background caused by its interaction with massive moving objects.
MACS J0717.5+3745 is an extraordinarily dynamic galaxy cluster with a total mass greater than 1015 (a million billion) times the mass of the sun or more than 1,000 times the mass of our own galaxy. It appears to contain three relatively stationary subclusters (A, C, and D) and one subcluster (B) that is being drawn into the larger galaxy cluster, moving at a speed of 3,000 kilometers per second.
The galaxy cluster was observed by a team led by Sunil Golwala, professor of physics at Caltech and director of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) in Hawaii. Subcluster B was observed during what appears to be its first fall into MACS J0717.5+3745. Its momentum will carry it through the center of the galaxy cluster temporarily, but the strong gravitational pull of MACS J0717.5+3745 will pull subcluster B back again. Eventually, subcluster B should settle in with its stationary counterparts, subclusters A, C, and D.
Though subcluster B's behavior is dramatic, it fits neatly within the standard cosmological model. But the details of the observations of MACS J0717.5+3745 at different wavelengths were puzzling until they were analyzed in terms of a theory called the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect.
In 1972, two Russian physicists, Rashid Sunyaev and Yakov Zel'dovich, predicted that we should be able to see distortions in the cosmic microwave background (CMB)—the afterglow of the Big Bang—whenever it interacts with a collection of free electrons. These free electrons are present in the intracluster medium, which is made up primarily of gas. Gas within dense clusters of galaxies is heated to such an extreme temperature, around 100 million degrees, that it no longer coheres into atoms. According to Sunyaev and Zel'dovich, the photons of the CMB should be scattered by the high-energy electrons in the intracluster medium and take on a measurable energy boost as they pass through the galaxy cluster.
This phenomenon, known as the thermal SZ effect, has been well supported by observational data since the early 1980s, so it was no surprise when MACS J0717.5+3745 showed signs of the effect. But recent observations of this galaxy cluster yielded some curious data. A team led by Golwala and Jamie Bock—also a Caltech professor of physics—observed MACS J0717.5+3745 with the CSO's Bolocam instrument, measuring microwave radiation from the cluster at two frequencies: 140 GHz and 268 GHz. Through a simple extrapolation, the 140 GHz measurement can be used to predict the 268 GHz measurement assuming the thermal SZ effect.
Yet observations of subcluster B at 268 GHz did not match those expectations. The trio of Caltech and JPL postdocs who had first proposed observations of MACS J0717.5+3745—Jack Sayers, Phil Korngut, and Tony Mroczkowski—puzzled over these images for some time. Trying to sort out the discrepancy, Korngut kept returning to subcluster B's rapid velocity relative to the rest of the cluster. Prompted by Korngut's interest, Mroczkowski decided one weekend to calculate whether the kinetic SZ effect might explain the discrepancy between the 140 GHz and 268 GHz data. To everyone's surprise, it could. In order to show this conclusively, the signals from dusty galaxies behind MACS J0717.5+3745 also had to be accounted for, which was done using data at higher frequencies from the Herschel Space Observatory analyzed by Mike Zemcov, a senior postdoctoral scholar at Caltech. The model combining the two SZ effects and the dusty galaxies was a good match to the observations.
The kinetic SZ effect, like the thermal SZ effect, is caused by the interaction of the extremely hot and energetic electrons in the gas of the intracluster medium with the CMB's photons. However, in the kinetic effect, the photons are affected not by the heat of the electrons, which gives a random, uncoordinated motion, but instead by their coherent motion as their host subcluster moves through space. The size of the effect is proportional to the electrons' speed—in this case, the speed of subcluster B.
Prior to this study of MACS J0717.5+3745, the best indication of the kinetic SZ effect came from a statistical study of a large number of galaxies and galaxy clusters that had been detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This is the first time, Golwala says, "that you can point to a single object and say, 'We think we see it, right there.'"
"By using the kinetic SZ effect to measure the velocities of whole clusters relative to the expanding universe, we may be able to learn more about what causes the universe's accelerating expansion," Golwala explains. The next step in the process is the development of new, more sensitive instrumentation, including the new Multiwavelength Sub/millimeter Inductance Camera recently commissioned on the CSO.
The paper detailing these observations is titled "A Measurement of the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Signal Towards MACS J0717.5+3745," and appears in Astrophysical Journal. Sayers, Mroczkowski (now at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory), Zemcov, and Korngut are the lead authors. Other authors from Caltech and JPL include Bock, Nicole Czakon (now at Academia Sinica in Taiwan), Golwala, Leonidas Moustakas, and Seth Siegel. Funding for the research was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Norris Foundation, the National Science Council of Taiwan, and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics.
Edward C. Stone, the David Morrisroe Professor of Physics and vice provost for special projects at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), has been awarded a NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal. The medal was presented to Stone by television personality Stephen Colbert on the December 3 broadcast of The Colbert Report.
Stone appeared on the program to discuss NASA's Voyager mission. Since their launch in 1977, the twin Voyager spacecraft, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, have explored the outer planets of our solar system, greatly expanding our knowledge of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Stone and the Voyager team recently confirmed that Voyager 1, the farthest-traveled object built by humans, had crossed into interstellar space. During his interview with Colbert, Stone answered questions about the past, present, and future of the Voyager mission.
Explaining the significance of Voyager to Colbert's audience, Stone said, "This really is a first step for our human journey beyond Earth, and beyond in fact the planets and into interstellar space, and these two spacecraft, now, will be in orbit around the center of our galaxy for billions of years."
What came at the close of the program, however, was a surprise even to Stone: Colbert drifted on stage in a spacesuit costume right out of a 1950s sci-fi movie and presented Stone with the medal.
"I was completely taken by surprise when Stephen Colbert handed me the medal," says Stone. "It's an honor for anyone to receive such an award from NASA, but to have it delivered this way was really extraordinary."
The Distinguished Public Service Medal is NASA's highest honor for a nongovernment individual. Stone was recognized "for a lifetime of extraordinary scientific achievement and outstanding leadership of space science missions, and for his exemplary sharing of the exciting results with the public," according to the award citation.
Stone joined the Caltech faculty in 1967. He became the project scientist for the Voyager mission in 1972 and has held that position to the present day. Stone served as director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed for NASA by Caltech, from 1991 to 2001. He is currently vice chair of the board of directors of the Thirty Meter Telescope project.

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IBM System/360 Model 20
The IBM System/360 Model 20 was the smallest member of the IBM System/360 family announced in November 1964. The Model 20 supported only a subset of the System/360 instruction set, with binary numbers limited to 16 bits and no floating point.[1] In later years it would have been classified as a 16-bit minicomputer rather than a mainframe, but the term "minicomputer" was not current, and in any case IBM wanted to emphasize the compatibility of the Model 20 rather than its differences.
Developed by IBM in Böblingen, Germany,[2]:pp.217–218,352 the system was intended for data processing and as a replacement for tab equipment. An incompatible small computer, the IBM 1130 introduced the following year, was designed for scientific and engineering computing.
The design of the Model 20 was the result of a tug of war within IBM. John Haanastra had wanted a low-end machine that could execute IBM 1401 instructions. Fred Brooks wanted the machine to have System/360 architecture. The final result was a compromise where cost concerns predominated: the system leased for under $2000 per month including MFCM and line printer, compared to around $3000 for a comparable 1401.[2]:p.446
Based on number of systems sold the Model 20 was the most successful model of System/360. According to Pugh "The number of Model 20 processors installed by the end of 1970 in the United States exceeded 7,400."[2]:p.639 Other models, however, brought in greater revenue.
The Model 20 was available with six memory sizes: 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 32 KiB. As in other models of System/360 memory was byte-addressable.[1]:p.1 It had eight 16 bit general purpose registers numbered R8 thru R15 which could be used in computations as base registers. All of memory was also directly addressable through a feature, called direct addressing, that could combine the twelve bit displacement and the low-order bits of what would normally be the base register field of the instruction (R0-R7) to form a combined fifteen bit address.[1]:p.4 No storage protection was provided, except for the low 144 bytes of "protected area".
The instruction set was a subset of System/360 consisting of 37 instructions instead of 143,[1]:pp.7–25[3]:p.384 with some incompatible instructions, such as a BASR (Branch And Store Register) rather than BALR (Branch And Link Register).
- Binary arithmetic used the S/360 "halfword" instructions to operate on 16-bit quantities. Load Halfword, Add Halfword, Subtract Halfword, Compare Halfword, and Store Halfword were available, along with Add Register and Subtract register,
- Decimal arithmetic included the complete S/360 decimal instruction set except "shift and round packed" for operations on packed decimal operands of up to 31 digits plus sign in storage.
- Logical instructions were Move Characters, Move with offset, Move Immediate, Move Numerics, Move Zones, Compare Logical Immediate, Compare Logical Characters, Edit, And immediate, Or immediate, Test under Mask, and Translate. One logical instruction unique to the Model 20 was "Halt and Proceed" (HPR, operation code X'99') which would quiesce input/output and stop the processor displaying a code to the operator. Operation could be restarted by pressing the "start" button.
- Branch instructions included standard S/360 Branch on Condition. Instead of "Branch and Link" the instruction set used "Branch and Store" (BASR, X'0D', and BAS, X'4D') which functioned similarly except that a 16 bit link address was stored. "Set PSW" (SPSW, X'B1'), which loaded a 32 bit Program Status Word (PSW) replaced the standard "Load PSW". The Model 20 had no concept of privileged instructions or a distinction between supervisor state and user state so SPSW was available to user programs.
- Input/output instructions were unique to the Model 20. Lacking I/O channels all peripherals were directly controlled by the processor.
- "Test I/O and Branch" (TIOB, X'9A') which tested a specified device for any combination of four hardware-dependent conditions.
- "Control I/O" (CIO, X'9B') performed a control (non data) operation on a device.
- "Transfer I/O" (XIO, X'D0') performed a data transfer operation on a device. XIO would start a transfer and specify the number of bytes to be read or written. Data transfer could optionally be performed by cycle stealing (IBM documentation calls this time-sharing), that is taking processor cycles from the user program as necessary to perform the operation.
As of 1967 the following peripherals were supported:[1]:pp.36–110
- IBM 2415 Magnetic Tape Unit with up to 6 tape drives.
- IBM 2560 Multi-Function Card Machine.
- IBM 2520 Card Read/Punch or Card Punch.
- IBM 1419 Magnetic Ink Character Reader.
- IBM 2311 Disk Storage.
- IBM 1442 Model 5 Card Punch.
- IBM 2203 Line Printer.
- IBM 1403 Line Printer.
- IBM 2501 Card Reader.
The system could also have an integrated communications adapter. Two adapter versions were available, one for Synchronous transmit-receive (STR) and one for binary synchronous communications (Bisync).
2311 Disk Storage[edit]
Model 20 disk storage used IBM 2311 disk drives, model 11 or 12, attached to an integrated "storage control feature" on the CPU.[1]:pp.58–76 If multiple drives were attached they had to be the same model. Both models used the 1316 disk pack which provided a maximum of 203 cylinders with 10 tracks per cylinder. The model 11 used all cylinders, the model 12 used only the outermost 103. Each track was divided into ten sectors of 270 bytes each. The model 11 had a formatted capacity of 5.4 million bytes, and the model 12 of 2.5 million.[4]
Multi-Function Card Machine[edit]
A peripheral first offered on the Model 20 was the IBM 2560 Multi-Function Card Machine (MFCM). Because of its reliability problems, often involving card jams, the acronym was frequently interpreted as referring to many less favorable names. Nevertheless the 2560 combined the functions of a card reader, card punch, interpreter, and card sorter, allowing the Model 20 to replace several separate pieces of punched-card equipment.
Because all I/O was performed by the processor the system was particularly suited to controlling timing-dependent devices such as the 2560, where a card could be read, punched into, printed on, and sent to a specified output stacker with tight timing requirements if full rated speed was to be maintained.
Disk Programming System[edit]
The Disk Programming System (DPS) was a control program for a Model 20 with at least 12 KiB of memory and one disk drive. The components of DPS were:[5]
- The Initial Program Loader (IPL).
- A small resident monitor which handled disk input/output, error recovery, and job-to-job transition, and loaded programs to be executed from the core-image library on disk.
- A Job Control Program loaded by the monitor between jobs handled job setup.
- Service programs for library management, I/O device table maintenance, linkage editing, and for loading and copying the systems residence disk, backing up and restoring other disk drives.
Rollin/rollout allowed the computer operator to interrupt a running batch program, execute an inquiry program, and then restart the batch job where it was interrupted.
Tape Programming System[edit]
Card Programming Support[edit]
Card Programming System (CPS) was a set of control programs for a Model 20 computer system with only card input/output devices.
- Report Program Generator (RPG).
- PL/I subset, DPS only.[6]
- Basic Assembler versions were available for CPS, TPS, and DPS including Input/Output Control System (IOCS) macros and processing routines.
Other IBM programs[edit]
- Sort/Merge.
- Disk and tape utility programs such as initialize disk, initialize tape, clear disk.
The UNIVAC 9200 and 9300 processors were clones of the Model 20.
See also[edit]
- IBM System/360
- IBM 2922 Remote Job Entry terminal, based on the Model 20
- ^ a b c d e f IBM Corporation (1964). IBM System/360 Model 20 Functional Characteristics (PDF).
- ^ a b c Pugh, Emerson W.; Johnson, Lyle R.; Palmer, John H. (1991). IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-16123-0.
- ^ Pugh, Emerson W. (1995). Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and Its Technology. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-16147-8.
- ^ "IBM 2311 Disk Storage Drive Models 1, 11 and 12 Field Engineering Theory of Operation" describes the IBM 2311, including models 11 and 12, used on System/360 model 20
- ^ IBM Corporation (1969). IBM System/360 Model 20 Disk Programming System Control and Service Programs (PDF).
- ^ IBM Corporation (1968). IBM System/360 Model 20 Disk Programming System PL/I (PDF).
Further reading[edit]
- Basic Applications — System/360 Model 20 (E20-0098-0) "The purpose of this manual is to describe the IBM System/360, Model 20, and show how it may be used to process six basic applications: billing, accounts receivable, sales analysis, inventory control, accounts payable, and payroll."
- IBM System/360 Model 20 / Disk Programming System / Disk Utility Programs "The purpose of this manual is to show you how to use and modify the Disk Utility programs by describing the job-control and utility control statements and indicating the variety of disk operations these programs can perform."
- IBM System/360 Model 20 Disk Programming System Control and Service Programs "This publication describes the purpose and functions of the Control and Service programs of the IBM System/360 Model 20 Disk Programming System (DPS)."
- IBM System/360 Model 20 Tape Programming System Operating Procedures "This publication provides Model 20 operators with the information required to operate their systems using the Model 20 Tape Programming System (TPS)."
- IBM System/360 Model 20 / Card Programming Support / Basic Assembler Language "This reference publication provides programmers with the information required to write programs in the Basic Assembler language of the IBM System/360 Model 20."


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Wed 25 Jan 2012
Gotta New FriendPosted by Gourmet Spud under Gourmet Spud's reflections
[7] Comments
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StartUpHire is the place to find GUI jobs in and near . Review the list below of GUI jobs. These GUI jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available. You can refine your job search for GUI jobs in by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options. Don't see the employment opportunity you're looking for? Check back soon for more GUI jobs in , or sign up for an email alert (link in upper left) to receive periodic updates on new GUI jobs in , .
Breathe Technologies is a venture backed medical device start-up focused on innovative medical technologies for patients with respiratory insufficiency diseases and neuromuscular diseases. The company is the first provider of lightweight (1-lb) and wearable ventilators that6/12/2016 Irvine, CA Save This Job
Location: Santa Clara CA, CA Department: Engineering Type: Full Time Min. Experience: Mid Level Why join Big Switch? ? Externally recognized as one of the top start-ups and consistently ranked as one of the top ten networking start-ups, we?re dedicated to building a great7/14/2016 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
Req No.2015-1869Job LocationsMarkhamDepartmentResearch & Development MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS JOB Collaborative, assertive, flexible, passionate, driven, inspired. These aren?t just nice words, they?re the start of every great Fluidigm career. We are a growing community6/26/2016 South San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Software Engineering Alameda, California APPLY Description Position at 24/7 About 247 Service Delivery The 247 Platform Solutions team builds world-class mobile, web, and speech recognition applications, as well as framework components. Our mission is to improve the customer6/30/2016 Alameda, CA Save This Job
JOB DESCRIPTION: The Release Engineer plays an important role in the TruCare development process by maintaining key development environment infrastructure components such as source and configuration management, continuous builds, software packaging and installation and software6/5/2016 Bedford, MA Save This Job
DEPARTMENT Engineering CITY Los Angeles, CA TYPE Full-Time Phyn is changing the way people think about water. In just nine years nearly two in three people may face a shortage of clean water. Yet in the U.S alone, people unknowingly waste a trillion gallons of water per year,7/19/2016 Los Angeles, CA Save This Job
Location: Santa Clara, CA Department: Engineering Type: Full Time Min. Experience: Experienced Description: Want to be part of the next big thing? Join Big Switch Networks! We are looking for a talented Quality Assurance Engineer specializing in systems, scale and performance7/14/2016 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
San Francisco, CA Team Overview The web team at Blurb enables people all over the globe to buy, sell and share books seamlessly through the Blurb platform and beyond. As a member of this agile team, you will be responsible for collaborating and innovating on cutting-edge7/12/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
TECHNOLOGY - Seattle Description and Responsibilities: The successful Quality Assurance Specialist candidate will have solid experience with testing web sites in various browsers and possess the ability to cross train and mentor other team members on best practices,7/7/2016 Seattle, WA Save This Job
Business Unit: RJO Location: Chicago Reports To: Director, Application Development Full Time/Part Time: Full Time Hours: 8:00 a.m. ?6/30/2016 Chicago, IL Save This Job
PharmaSeq, Inc., a well-funded biotech company located near Princeton, NJ, is developing microchip tagging and fluorescence-based diagnostic technologies and is looking for talented people for its Software Team. Description: PharmaSeq currently has an open position for a Software6/29/2016 Monmouth Junction, NJ Save This Job
Engineering Milpitas, California Apply Description Responsibilities Design, develop, unit test and integrate modules and features for the company?s Xcipio product. Develop and document the functional specification of the features for upcoming releases. Perform code reviews6/28/2016 Milpitas, CA Save This Job
? Location: Waltham, MA, United States ? Department: Sales Job Description: Overview The Business Analyst will be responsible for the requirements, testing and delivery processes for the team. This role will have responsibility for discovering, analyzing, and documenting6/27/2016 Waltham, MA, MA Save This Job
Silverlink, a Welltok Company is looking for a highly skilled, motivated Quality Assurance Automation Engineer with experience in both designing and implementing automated tests. This position will be part of our R&D software engineering organization. This role will offer a6/26/2016 Burlington, MA Save This Job
Parabon Computation, a leading enterprise computing software company based in Reston, VA, seeks a software engineer with the following qualifications: Bachelor's degree in Computer Science or related field At least three (3) years experience working as a software6/21/2016 Reston, VA Save This Job
Please fill in the information below and use the navigational buttons to continue. Warning: Using your browser's Back and Forward buttons may produce undesirable results. If you share a true passion for technology and enjoy working together to develop solutions, share ideas,6/19/2016 Holmdel, NJ Save This Job
Quality Assurance Engineer - Salesforce? Help Please fill in the information below and use the navigational buttons to continue. Warning: Using your browser's Back and Forward buttons may produce undesirable results. We need to add more smart, creative and hardworking QA6/19/2016 Holmdel, NJ Save This Job
NEW YORKDEVELOPMENTFULL-TIME APPLY FOR THIS JOB This role is to be a member of the software team that manages the entire Clearpool Execution system. The development team is responsible for managing the software behind the firms Market Data, Execution Algorithms, GUI development,6/13/2016 New York, NY Save This Job
Responsibilities Include: Maintaining and extending user interface software for proprietary biological modeling software platform Working with end-users and architects to solicit and refine new features, and optimize users' workflow Responsible for all aspects of6/13/2016 Pittsburgh, PA Save This Job
Billerica, MA Apply View All Jobs Share This Job Job Description POSITION SUMMARY RainDance is seeking a Software Engineer / Intern to assist with developing tools for gathering and presenting performance data, as well as writing programs, simulators, methods and/or6/11/2016 Billerica, MA Save This Job


text:
#48 Friday is so far away by Picolo-kunWatch
©2014-2016 Picolo-kun
I can't wait for my birthday - which is going to be by the end of this week. I'll be turning 20 years old, that's a lot of years. xD
The girl on today's doodle just had a big inspiration all of a sudden.
The girl on today's doodle just had a big inspiration all of a sudden.
I added that familiar black cat just because x)
Featured doodles
This is great, a summary of the good things of the world.
You're so good man
Beautiful!!! waaa!!! you rock!!
Gostei dela!XD!
This speaks to me so much!
wow... you need to make a comic book.
beautiful ^w^
wow this is awesome and happy birthday!
this is gorgeous! And happy birthday!
Another year lived, right? But please don't feel old because if you do, you'll make everyone older than you feel much older. XD Happy (early) birthday!
Wow! Amazing!!! c:
ahh so much awesomeness. Hehe Happy early bday :3
There's so many cool doodles!! I was curious, where do you get inspiration from. I tend to have a hard time letting my creative juices start flowing. Often times I find that I can't think of original content to draw :/
Thank you! I take inspiration from everything that surrounds me, it may be stuff online or real life content (usually mixing both brings me nice results). Artblocks may happen too, don't worry about them, they're always temporary
cara invejo seu talento lol
falando nisso, vc faz/fez alguma facul relacionada a desenho?
Muito obrigado! *o*
Nunca fiz. Na verdade, vou começar design gráfico no final do mês
wow q legal, eu ia fazer esse ano tbm, la em bauru, mas tive q desistir ^^'
vou tentar ano q vem de novo
I love your style.
This is sooo amazinggg fjdsafsk <3
Hell yeah i love that!
wish I had skills like that...I'm 17 tho so i still got time XD
Guy, you can draw like that and you are only 20 years old? Marry me xD
I caught the kitty ;]
I caught the kitty ;]
Hahahaha don't say that! I wish I was so much better at this point of life ( TAT)
Agh, I wish I could draw like this. xD Looks amazing! Happy birthday in advance.
This is fantastic!!
Great! Happy birthday!
t tell me your BD is on the 23rd? Cause then is my BD and I'll turn 18 ^^ By the way...I admire your ambition and your talent! T^T


text:
|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|August 15, 2014 09:32 AM EDT
DENVER, Aug. 15, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Man Therapy is a suicide prevention and mental health awareness resource targeted specifically at working-aged men. Visitors to www.mantherapy.org can access mental health tools and resources in an anonymous, safe setting, including Man Therapy's "18-point head inspection" - a five-minute quiz to help a guy determine his mental health status and the best resources for him. Here is an example of what a man encounters when he visits Man Therapy.
The National Suicide Prevention Hotline (800-273-TALK) is an excellent resource for those in crisis or who are experiencing warning signs of suicide, and for men who are dealing with less severe mental health issues but aren't sure who to talk to, there is Man Therapy.
Man Therapy is a unique tool that reshapes the conversation around men's mental health, using humor to cut through the stigma surrounding these issues and helping put men on the path to treatment and recovery. Founded in Colorado in 2012 by Cactus, the Colorado Office of Suicide Prevention and the Carson J. Spencer Foundation, Man Therapy has spread across the U.S. and has also taken great strides internationally where the campaign was recently launched in Australia with a national ad campaign (www.mantherapy.org.au).
Man Therapy Partners include:
Sally Spencer-Thomas, Psy.D. / CEO & Co-Founder, Carson J. Spencer Foundation
Jarrod Hindman, MS / Director, Office of Suicide Prevention, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Joe Conrad / CEO & Founder, Cactus Communications
For more information, visit www.mantherapy.org or contact Cactus at www.cactusdenver.com or @CactusDenver.
Media Contact:
Jenny Topolosky
Public Relations Manager, Cactus
Email: [email protected]
Cell: 217.390.2895
Video - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhH7SjbxsgU#t=19
SOURCE Cactus
WebRTC is bringing significant change to the communications landscape that will bridge the worlds of web and telephony, making the Internet the new standard for communications. Cloud9 took the road less traveled and used WebRTC to create a downloadable enterprise-grade communications platform that is changing the communication dynamic in the financial sector. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Leo Papadopoulos, CTO of Cloud9, discussed the importance of WebRTC and how it enables companies to focus...
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With an estimated 50 billion devices connected to the Internet by 2020, several industries will begin to expand their capabilities for retaining end point data at the edge to better utilize the range of data types and sheer volume of M2M data generated by the Internet of Things. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Don DeLoach, CEO and President of Infobright, discussed the infrastructures businesses will need to implement to handle this explosion of data by providing specific use cases for filterin...
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IoT generates lots of temporal data. But how do you unlock its value? You need to discover patterns that are repeatable in vast quantities of data, understand their meaning, and implement scalable monitoring across multiple data streams in order to monetize the discoveries and insights. Motif discovery and deep learning platforms are emerging to visualize sensor data, to search for patterns and to build application that can monitor real time streams efficiently. In his session at @ThingsExpo, ...
Jul. 24, 2016 01:30 PM EDT Reads: 776
Enterprise networks are complex. Moreover, they were designed and deployed to meet a specific set of business requirements at a specific point in time. But, the adoption of cloud services, new business applications and intensifying security policies, among other factors, require IT organizations to continuously deploy configuration changes. Therefore, enterprises are looking for better ways to automate the management of their networks while still leveraging existing capabilities, optimizing perf...
Jul. 24, 2016 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 964
Early adopters of IoT viewed it mainly as a different term for machine-to-machine connectivity or M2M. This is understandable since a prerequisite for any IoT solution is the ability to collect and aggregate device data, which is most often presented in a dashboard. The problem is that viewing data in a dashboard requires a human to interpret the results and take manual action, which doesn't scale to the needs of IoT.
Jul. 24, 2016 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,858
When building large, cloud-based applications that operate at a high scale, it's important to maintain a high availability and resilience to failures. In order to do that, you must be tolerant of failures, even in light of failures in other areas of your application. "Fly two mistakes high" is an old adage in the radio control airplane hobby. It means, fly high enough so that if you make a mistake, you can continue flying with room to still make mistakes. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Lee...
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Internet of @ThingsExpo has announced today that Chris Matthieu has been named tech chair of Internet of @ThingsExpo 2016 Silicon Valley. The 6thInternet of @ThingsExpo will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Jul. 24, 2016 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,876
Continuous testing helps bridge the gap between developing quickly and maintaining high quality products. But to implement continuous testing, CTOs must take a strategic approach to building a testing infrastructure and toolset that empowers their team to move fast. Download our guide to laying the groundwork for a scalable continuous testing strategy.
Jul. 24, 2016 11:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,841
SYS-CON Events announced today the Enterprise IoT Bootcamp, being held November 1-2, 2016, in conjunction with 19th Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Combined with real-world scenarios and use cases, the Enterprise IoT Bootcamp is not just based on presentations but with hands-on demos and detailed walkthroughs. We will introduce you to a variety of real world use cases prototyped using Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, Spark, and Intel Edison. Y...
Jul. 24, 2016 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,299
What does it look like when you have access to cloud infrastructure and platform under the same roof? Let's talk about the different layers of Technology as a Service: who cares, what runs where, and how does it all fit together. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Phil Jackson, Lead Technology Evangelist at SoftLayer, an IBM company, spoke about the picture being painted by IBM Cloud and how the tools being crafted can help fill the gaps in your IT infrastructure.
Jul. 24, 2016 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,018
CenturyLink has announced that application server solutions from GENBAND are now available as part of CenturyLink's Networx contracts. The General Services Administration (GSA)'s Networx program includes the largest telecommunications contract vehicles ever awarded by the federal government. CenturyLink recently secured an extension through spring 2020 of its offerings available to federal government agencies via GSA's Networx Universal and Enterprise contracts. GENBAND's EXPERiUS™ Application...
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Much of IT terminology is often misused and misapplied. Modernization and transformation are two such terms. They are often used interchangeably even though they mean different things and have very different connotations. Indeed, it is somewhat safe to assume that in IT any transformative effort is likely to also have a modernizing effect, and thus, we can see these as levels of improvement efforts. However, many businesses are being led to believe if they don't transform now they risk becoming ...
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"We provide DevOps solutions. We also partner with some key players in the DevOps space and we use the technology that we partner with to engineer custom solutions for different organizations," stated Himanshu Chhetri, CTO of Addteq, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at DevOps at 18th Cloud Expo, held June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
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Using new techniques of information modeling, indexing, and processing, new cloud-based systems can support cloud-based workloads previously not possible for high-throughput insurance, banking, and case-based applications. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, John Newton, CTO, Founder and Chairman of Alfresco, described how to scale cloud-based content management repositories to store, manage, and retrieve billions of documents and related information with fast and linear scalability. He addres...
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Jul. 24, 2016 10:45 AM EDT Reads: 2,128


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"This book deserves to be taken very seriously even by those, like myself, who disagree strongly with some of its premises." George M. Fredrickson, Stanford University
"...a courageous book. It is certain to generate controversy. Scholars and concerned citizens may not fully agree with Carol Swain's thought provoking thesis on the rise of white nationalism and its implications for the future of American race relations. However, the force and intensity of her arguments will compel them to take the book seriously." William Julius Wilson, Harvard University
"...provacative and well researched..." Magill's Literary Annual
"It is the great virtue of Carol Swain's work that she is willing to conduct honest inquiry into racial questions and bluntly tell the truth as she finds it. Drawing on the tools of social science as well as her own extraordinary personal experience, she shines a powerful light on issues ranging from crime and illegitimacy to affirmative action and the role of religion in promoting racial harmony. People across the ideological spectrum have a great deal to learn from this thoughtful and courageous scholar." Robert P. George; Princeton University
"This is a disturbing book. Carol Swain bravely describes a world of white nationalists who reject racial integration. But where the establishment ignores these groups, Swain argues that the best response is debate rather than denial. The nationalists draw support because they express widespread white grievances that our leaders refuse to face -especially runaway immigration and affirmative action. Like Jefferson, Swain hears a firebell in the night." Lawrence M. Mead; New York University
"She brings a fresh and vital perspective to any discussion of race relations." The New Leader
"...very strongly recommended for Political Science and Social Issues reference collections and supplemental reading lists." Wisconsin Bookwatch
"...extremely provocative bookmarks the arrival of a bold new voice in the American race relations debate." First Things
"[Swain's] willingness to challenge received opinion and defy the expected categories of our stale identity politics is sorely needed if America is ever to have an open and honest debate about race. Swain's book is an important contribution to such a debate and will be of interest to all those, whatever their policy preferences and whatever their race, who wish to see it take place." The Review of Politics


text:
The Children are Hunted. (M)
View Single Post
November 20th, 2012 (8:46 AM).
Icy Burn
Beginner Breeder | Kyurem W <3
Join Date:
Nov 2012
Moon. o_o
Captain Mars Artio
Location: Unknown
Mars and 3 of his Soldiers in training were in a dark room, hidden in the deepest corner of the earth, not even he knew where they were. They had been transported from the regular HQ to here, where they had no information of where they were. Mars' thought was that it was some kind of secret base for the highest Ranks of them all. He could see nothing, but he then heard a booming voice coming from in front of them.
"Right then, you 'orrible bunch of gorilla's," the booming voice rudely shouted, "you all have a mission. And no, it is not one of your regular missions, this one is a High-Rank Mission. It will not happen yet, but it will be happening soon. We can not tell you much, but you will have to arrive at the far east of Pangaea."
"But, isn't that one of the most dangerous areas in Pangaea?" one of Mars' trainees, Parkins questioned.
"Yes, is there any problem with that? I thought you were meant to be fearless, brave. Are you sure this is the best job for you? Being in Knights of Valor isn't some walk in the park, you will be put in danger, and yes, there is a possible of death."
"I'm sure I can do the job, sir." Parkins mumbled, he sounded embarrassed.
"You will now be escorted back to the HQ, please stay still in your chair, you will be taken shortly." and the mystery man slowly walked away.
Mars thought something wasn't right. Why was it so dark? Why didn't he tell us who he is? He thought something was slightly suspicious. But before he could say anything to his fellow Soldiers, they were being pushed back into their transport, a van, which is a bit ... second-class for a Captain, a private jet or something would be far more first-class for someone like him.
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text:
|Episode Info
Episode number: 3x11
Airdate: Thursday March 06th, 2014
Director: Cherie Nowlan
Writer: Erica Lipez
Alternate Airdates:
Rachael Harris
As Sheila Sazs
Rachael Harris
As Sheila Sazs
Abigail Spencer
As Dana 'Scottie' Scott
Michael Phelps
As Himself
Michael Phelps
As Himself
Gabriel Macht
As Harvey Reginald Specter
Gabriel Macht
As Harvey Reginald Specter
Rick Hoffman
As Louis Marlowe Litt
Rick Hoffman
As Louis Marlowe Litt
Meghan Markle
As Rachel Elizabeth Zane
Meghan Markle
As Rachel Elizabeth Zane
Sarah Rafferty
As Donna Evelyn Paulsen
Gina Torres
As Jessica Lourdes Pearson
Gina Torres
As Jessica Lourdes Pearson
|Song Title
|Played When
|Ben Howard
|Mike tells Rachel about the night his parents died
|Big Black Delta
|Money Rain Down
|Rachel and Mike agree to move in together.
|Charles Bradley
|Love Bug Blues (feat. Menahan Street Band)
|Sheila and Louis lay in bed.
|Big Light
|Mike talks about his parents' case with Rachel.
|• Creator
|Aaron Korsh
|• Executive Producer
|Aaron Korsh  | Doug Liman  | Dave Bartis
|• Co-Executive Producer
|Daniel Arkin  | Jon Cowan  | Gene Klein  | Anton Cropper
|• Producer
|Jonathan Hackett (1)  | Rick Muirragui  | Ethan Drogin
|• Production Designer
|Lindsey Hermer-Bell
|• Editor
|David Kaldor
|• Director of Photography
|Dan Stoloff
|• Data Management Technician
|Warren Sefton


text:
There are many questions about events in interfaces. Here are a couple:
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/471352/raising-events-in-interfaces
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1093139/c-events-and-interfaces
As interfaces are used to enforce a contract for implementation, this makes no sense to me, because it doesn't enforce the actual raising of the event. The specific implementation can always have the event, but not raise it anywhere. Consider the following:
public interface INotifyPropertyChanged
event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
public class SomeClass : INotifyPropertyChanged
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
public string SomeProperty
get { return this.someField; }
set { this.someField = value; }
private string someField;
The thing above will compile and work, but even if I subscribe to the PropertyChanged event, nothing will happen. What would be a way to enforce that an event is actually raised, and if not, why have events in interfaces in the first place?


text:
Food Dyes
A Rainbow of Risks
The Food and Drug Administration is failing to protect children from the disturbing behavioral problems caused by artificial food dyes, even though evidence of those problems has continued to mount since 2011, when an FDA advisory panel last considered the issue.
Is your child sensitive to food dyes?
Report your experience to CSPI.
Commonly used food dyes, such as Yellow 5 and Yellow 6, and Red 40, pose risks including hyperactivity in children. Some also pose a risk of cancer (like Red 3) and allergic reactions. In 2008, because of the link with hyperactivity and related behavioral problems, the Center for Science in the Public Interest petitioned the FDA to ban the use of these dyes. The British government and the European Union have taken actions that are virtually ending the use of most food dyes throughout Europe.
Considering the adverse impact of these chemicals on children, and considering how easily they can be replaced with safe, natural ingredients, it's time to get rid of them altogether from the United States and Canada.
From Parents:
Learn More:
- Seeing Red: Time for Action on Food Dyes (January 2016)
- Food Dyes: A Rainbow of Risks (June 2010)
- Diet, ADHD & Behavior: A Quarter Center Review (updated 2009)
- Change.org Petition: Tell the FDA to Ban Harmful Synthetic Food Dyes
- FDA Petition to require front of label disclosure of artificial colorings (December 2011)
- FDA petition to ban food dyes (June 2008)
- Change.org food dyes movement page


text:
Forgiveness: 21 Days to Forgive Everyone for Everything [With CD (Audio)] (Hardcover)
Usually Ships in 1-5 Days
Too many of us feel trapped in stagnant romantic, family, or workplace relationships. Weighed down by toxic thoughts and emotions, we might be quick to judge and slow to pardon, and self-righteous about our feelings as we dwell on memories of what we or others did (or failed to do). In this new book and CD, Iyanla Vanzant challenges us to liberate ourselves from the wounds of the past and to embrace the new power of forgiveness. With Iyanla's 21-Day Forgiveness Plan, you'll explore relationship dynamics with your parents, children, friends, partners, co-workers, bosses, yourself, and even God. With journaling work and Emotional Freedom Techniques (also known as "tapping"), you'll learn to live with more love; gain new clarity on your life, lessons, and blessings; and discover a new level of personal freedom, peace, and well-being. Forgiveness doesn't mean agreeing with, condoning, or even liking what has happened. Forgiveness means letting go and knowing that--regardless of how challenging, frightening, or difficult an experience may seem--everything is just as it needs to be in order for you to grow and learn. When you focus on how things "should" be, you deny the presence and power of love. Accept the events of the past, while being willing to change your perspective on them. As Iyanla says, "Only forgiveness can liberate minds and hearts once held captive by anger, bitterness, resentment, and fear. Forgiveness is a true path to freedom that can renew faith, build trust, and nourish the soul."
About the Author
With more than 8 million books in print, Iyanla Vanzant has truly established a dedicated fan base.
Iyanla's path to success took her through a multitude of life-changing experiences that shaped the profound insights she eagerly shares with others. A neglected, overweight, sexually abused child who was shuttled from one family to another, she became a teenage mother on welfare living in the projects of a major urban city. Vanzant took control of her life when she walked out of her second abusive marriage and entered Medgar Evers College in New York and then the City University of New York Law School. She moved to Philadelphia with her children and became a public defender for three years. Then she eventually became an ordained minister, who was committed to a message based on the principles of divine power and self-determination.
Iyanla combined her professional skills with her life's lessons and embarked on a writing and speaking career. Her mass appeal is evident in her overwhelming success as an author. "In the Meantime" was a #1 "New York Times" bestseller, where it spent 20 weeks on the list, and she has had numerous other major bestsellers. As a nationally recognized speaker she has sold out such prestigious venues as New York's Jacob Javits Convention Center, Nashville's Grand Ole Opry, Atlanta's Civic Center, and the Wiltern Theater in Los Angeles. Vanzant is also familiar to the daytime TV audience from her role as a regular contributor on "The Oprah Winfrey Show."
Acclaimed journalist and producer Barbara Walters recognized Vanzant's extraordinary appeal, seeing in her a "breakaway talent" with the potential for huge success in daytime television. With Walters and partner Bill Geddie on board to executive produce, Buena Vista Productions to develop the show, and Buena Vista Television as distributor, the road to "Iyanla" was forged.
Vanzant has received numerous accolades for her work. In 1992 Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley named October 21st "Tapping the Power Within Day" in honor of a workshop she presented in that city for African-American women. In 1994, the National Association of Equal Opportunity in Education, an organization comprised of the presidents and administrators of the 117 predominantly Black colleges in the United States named her Alumni of the Year. She also was awarded an "Oni" by the International Congress of Black Women as one of the nation's unsung heroes, and she served as the national spokesperson for Literacy Volunteers of America in 1998.
In 1999 she was listed among the 100 Most Influential African-Americans by "Ebony" magazine. Later that year, she was awarded the 31st NAACP Image Award for "Outstanding Literary Work, Non-Fiction" for "Yesterday I Cried". She also earned her first Honorary Doctorate degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, from the City University of New York, Medgar Evars College. In 2000, she earned her second honorary degree, Doctor of Divinity, from the Theological Seminary in Atlanta, Georgia. In addition, "Ebony" has named her one of their "55 Most Intriguing People," "Vibe" magazine tabbed her one of "100 Leaders of the New Millennium" and "Newsweek" recently included her as one of the "Women of the New Century."
The mother of three and grandmother of four, Vanzant lives in Silver Spring, Maryland with her husband Adeyemi and Mr. Coco, their cat.
To learn how Iyanla can help you get started on your journey toward spiritual enlightenment, visit Inner Visions Worldwide, Inc., at