text:
Selection of wavelengths for the quantification of nitrogen concentration in winter wheat by multispectral vision
Marlier, Guillaume ; Leemans, Vincent ; Destain, Marie-France et al
Poster (2016, April 18)
Hand-held sensors (SPAD meter, N-Tester, …) are used for detecting the leaves nitrogen concentration (Nc) on basis of an optical detection of the chlorophyll concentration. These devices are active ... [more ▼]
Hand-held sensors (SPAD meter, N-Tester, …) are used for detecting the leaves nitrogen concentration (Nc) on basis of an optical detection of the chlorophyll concentration. These devices are active sensors: an internal radiation source emits light and transmission through a leaf is measured in the red (650 nm) and in the near-infrared (920 nm) spectral regions. These devices present several drawbacks. The nitrogen concentration is gained by an indirect way through the chlorophyll concentration and the leaves have to be fixed in a defined position for the measurements. These drawbacks could be overcome by an imaging device that measures the canopy reflectance. Hence, the objective of the paper is to analyse the potential of multispectral imaging for detecting nitrogen concentration. The tests were carried out on parcels submitted to nitrogen inputs varying from 0 to 180 kg N.ha-1. Reference Nc measurements were obtained by the Kjeldahl method and a Hydro N-Tester (Yara). The developed imaging system comprised a CMos camera and a set of 22 interference filters ranging from 450 to 950 nm mounted on a wheel steered by a stepper motor. The image acquisition and the motor rotation were controlled by a program written in C++. The crop was imaged vertically at one meter height. The raw images presented 1280*1024 pixels covering an area approximately 0.5*0.4 m and were recorded with a 12 bits luminance resolution. To deal with the natural irradiance variability of the scene, a white reference was used and the integration time was automatically adjusted for each image. The image treatment included the segmentation of Photosynthetically Active Leaves (PAL) by using Bayes theorem and the computation of the mean PAL reflectance after correction of background and illumination fluctuations. Nc was estimated on basis of the 22 filters by Partial Least Square (PLS) method and by four filters selected by Best Subset Selection (BSS). In comparison with the Kjeldahl method, the estimation of Nc by the Hydro N-Tester, the PLS and the BSS (filters 600-80, 950-100, 650-40 and 450-80 nm) gave determination coefficient and standard error respectively equal to of 0.53, 0.29 %; 0.67, 0.21%; 0.56 and 0.25%. This indicated that the full multi-spectral approach gave significantly better Nc estimation than a portable device and suggested that a camera equipped with four filters would give similar results. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (3 ULg)
Classifying simulated wheat yield responses to changes in temperature and precipitation across a european transect
; ; et al
Conference (2016, March)Detailed reference viewed: 22 (9 ULg)
Assessing and modeling economic and environmental impact of wheat nitrogen management in Belgium
Dumont, Benjamin ; ; Bodson, Bernard et al
in Environmental Modelling & Software (2016), 79
Future progress in wheat yield will rely on identifying genotypes and management practices better adapted to the fluctuating environment. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is probably the most important practice ... [more ▼]
Future progress in wheat yield will rely on identifying genotypes and management practices better adapted to the fluctuating environment. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is probably the most important practice impacting crop growth. However, the adverse environmental impacts of inappropriate N management (e.g., lixiviation) must be considered in the decision-making process. A formal decisional algorithm was developed to tactically optimize the economic and environmental N fertilization in wheat. Climatic uncertainty analysis was performed using stochastic weather time-series (LARS-WG). Crop growth was simulated using STICS model. Experiments were conducted to support the algorithm recommendations: winter wheat was sown between 2008 and 2014 in a classic loamy soil of the Hesbaye Region, Belgium (temperate climate). Results indicated that, most of the time, the third N fertilization applied at flag-leaf stage by farmers could be reduced. Environmental decision criterion is most of the time the limiting factor in comparison to the revenues expected by farmers. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 24 (4 ULg)
Risk assessment of soil compaction in the Walloon region in Belgium
; Destain, Marie-France
in Mathematical Geosciences (2016)
It is well known that soil compaction affects root growth and disrupts the activity of soil microfauna and microorganisms, resulting in yield loss. With the more intensive use of heavy machines in ... [more ▼]
It is well known that soil compaction affects root growth and disrupts the activity of soil microfauna and microorganisms, resulting in yield loss. With the more intensive use of heavy machines in agriculture and forestry, the risk of soil compaction is increasing. In this study, precompression stress (Pc) was chosen as an indicator of the susceptibility of soils to compaction and was calculated using pedotransfer functions (PTFs). PTFs involve eight variables related to the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of soils: organic matter content; bulk density; air capacity; available water capacity; non-plant available water capacity; saturated hydraulic conductivity; cohesion; and angle of internal friction. Combining these PTFs with geostatistics and Monte Carlo simulations, Pc maps were produced at the regional scale for Wallonia in Belgium, accompanied by uncertainty quantification maps. These maps were then used to produce compaction risk maps based on common scenarios. The results showed that the modal Pc map was coherent with the spatial distribution of the main variables, namely soil texture and organic matter content. The risk maps enabled areas with a compaction risk in both agricultural and forestry contexts to be identified. These maps could be useful in drawing up soil protection measures and policies. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (11 ULg)
Effect of wheel traffic on the physical properties of a Luvisol
Destain, Marie-France ; ; Dalcq, Anne-Catherine et al
in Geoderma (2016), 262
The effects of machine traffic were assessed on a Luvisol in a temperate climate area in Belgium. Soil samples were taken from topsoil (0.07-0.25 m) and subsoil (0.35-0.50 m), on plots under long-term ... [more ▼]
The effects of machine traffic were assessed on a Luvisol in a temperate climate area in Belgium. Soil samples were taken from topsoil (0.07-0.25 m) and subsoil (0.35-0.50 m), on plots under long-term reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT). Cone index (CI), bulk density (BD) and precompression stress (Pc) were chosen as indicators of mechanical strength. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was used to characterize the soil microporosity structure. It was presented in two forms: (i) cumulative pore volume vs. equivalent pore radius r, from which four classes of porosity were defined: r < 0.2 μm, 0.2 ≤ r < 9 µm, 9 ≤ r < 73 µm and r ≥ 73 μm; (ii) pore-size distribution (PSDs). In the reference situation where there had been no recent passage of machines, the voids with 0.2 ≤ r < 9 µm were the most important class in RT topsoil. The voids with r ≥ 73 µm represented the main porosity class in the topsoil of CT. In the subsoil, for both tillage systems, the porosity was almost equally distributed between voids with 0.2 ≤ r < 9 µm and voids with r greater than 9 µm. Machine traffic was carried out when the soil water content was close to the optimum Proctor. Although unfavourable, these wet conditions often occur during the beet harvesting period in Belgium. The highest modifications in soil structure (increase in BD and Pc, reduction of macroporosity r ≥ 73 μm) were observed in the topsoil of CT. More limited modifications were noticed in the soil structure of RT topsoil and subsoil layers but these latter are problematic in that the soil would no longer be loosened by subsequent tillage. These modifications could lead to soil consolidation as a result of wheel traffic year after year. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 56 (30 ULg)
Impacts of wheel traffic on the physical properties of a Luvisol under reduced and conventional tillage
Saur, Marie-Laure ; Destain, Marie-France ; et al
Poster (2016)
Soil compaction is a complex mechanism which results in a decrease of soil porosity and an increase of soil strength. Such effects may reduce crop yield since they are harmful for root growth, germination ... [more ▼]
Soil compaction is a complex mechanism which results in a decrease of soil porosity and an increase of soil strength. Such effects may reduce crop yield since they are harmful for root growth, germination, mesofauna and bacterial life. Soil compaction may also reduce hydraulic conductivity which increases the risk of runoff, contamination of surface water, erosion and emission of greenhouse gases due to anaerobic processes. In the context of sustainable agriculture, it is crucial to characterise the impact of the agricultural techniques on the compaction state in the arable layer due to machine traffic. For this purpose, Soil samples were taken in a Luvisol at different depths, on plots under longterm reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT). The impact of wheel traffic on the physical properties of the soils was also studied. The experimental approach consists in measuring traditional macroscopic soil properties such as bulk density and precompression stress, and combining them with pore size distribution obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Automatic cone index measurements were initially performed to map the soil resistance and easily identify the sampling depths. The measurements revealed a plough pan at 30-cm depth under both CT and RT. Nevertheless, the subsoil under RT showed pieces of evidence of a natural regeneration process of the microporosity. The impact of wheel traffic was studied in RT and CT plots. It was shown that the passage of heavy machine such as beet harvester coupled to water content close to the optimum proctor is clearly unfavourable in terms of compaction. The measurements revealed large modifications of soil structure in the topsoil of CT, whereas the soil structure slightly changes through depth. However, the latter remains the more problematic case since the soil will not be loosened by tillage anymore, resulting in strongly compacted soil years after years. In addition to the experimental approach, numerical modelling was used in order to predict the soil compaction. A finite element method was used and the soil behaviour was modelled by an elastoplastic law (modified Cam-Clay model). The model parameters were calibrated from the experimental measurements. The simulations allowed to compare the porosity and the surface deformation after wheel traffic with the experiments. The variations of machine weight and tyre pressure were numerically studied and it was showed that the machine weight has an influence in the topsoil and the subsoil, whereas the tyre pressure affects only the topsoil. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg)
Systematic analysis of site-specific yield distributions resulting from nitrogen management and climatic variability interactions
Dumont, Benjamin ; ; Leemans, Vincent et al
in Precision Agriculture (2015), 16(4), 361-384
At the plot level, crop simulation models such as STICS have the potential to evaluate risk associated with management practices. In nitrogen (N) management, however, the decision-making process is ... [more ▼]
At the plot level, crop simulation models such as STICS have the potential to evaluate risk associated with management practices. In nitrogen (N) management, however, the decision-making process is complex because the decision has to be taken without any knowledge of future weather conditions. The objective of this paper is to present a general methodology for assessing yield variability linked to climatic uncertainty and variable N rate strategies. The STICS model was coupled with the LARS-Weather Generator. The Pearson system and coefficients were used to characterise the shape of yield distribution. Alternatives to classical statistical tests were proposed for assessing the normality of distributions and conducting comparisons (namely, the Jarque-Bera and Wilcoxon tests, respectively). Finally, the focus was put on the probability risk assessment, which remains a key point within the decision process. The simulation results showed that, based on current N application practice among Belgian farmers (60 60 60 kgN ha-1), yield distribution was very highly significantly non normal, with the highest degree of asymmetry characterised by a skewness value of -1.02. They showed that this strategy gave the greatest probability (60%) of achieving yields that were superior to the mean (10.5 t ha-1) of the distribution. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 75 (27 ULg)
Comparison of soil porosity structure under conventional and reduced tillage
Destain, Marie-France ; ; Marmi, Abdeljalil et al
Conference (2015, July)
The soil porosity structures under conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) were compared on a Luvisol (Belgium) on a field experiment initiated in 2003. The total porosity n was computed from the bulk ... [more ▼]
The soil porosity structures under conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) were compared on a Luvisol (Belgium) on a field experiment initiated in 2003. The total porosity n was computed from the bulk density (BD) and the microporosity structure was analysed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) in the range 0.003 to 73μm. It was presented in two forms: (i) cumulative pore volume vs equivalent pore radius r, from which four classes of porosity were defined: r < 0.2μm (microporosity); 0.2 ≤ r < 9µm (mesoporosity); 9 ≤ r < 73µm (MIP macroporosity); r ≥ 73μm (macroporosity); (ii) pore-size distribution (PSD). Besides the MIP measurements, the intrinsic behaviour of soil samples was investigated in one-dimensional compression tests. At 0.10m depth, n was 7% lower under RT than CT and corresponded mainly to a reduction of macroporosity r ≥ 73 μm which corresponds to pores in which water movement is important (P<0.05). The plough pan structure under CT was clearly different from other layers. It presented a higher precompression stress (Pc>160kPa) related to an increased proportion of small voids. When converting CT to RT, this compacted layer was still persistent after 10 years at 0.30m depth. With BD reaching 1.7Mgm-3, this layer could restrict the gas/water fluxes with negative environmental consequences. In the subsoil, n was similar under CT and RT (44%) but the porosity structure of RT was more favourable than under CT. Indeed, the macroporosity r ≥ 73 μm was 10% higher under RT than CT and the radius of the more represented pores was increased (3.2μm in RT versus 2.7μm in CT). This suggested that process of recovering the textural porosity due to long-term climatic and biological processes had begun in the subsoil of RT. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 45 (1 ULg)
Adapting Nitrogen management to the increasing climatic uncertainty
Dumont, Benjamin ; ; Bodson, Bernard et al
in Shirmohammadi, Adel; Bosch, David; Muñoz-Carpena, Rafa (Eds.) Proceedings of the 1st ASABE Climate Change Symposium - Adaptation and Mitigation (2015, May)Detailed reference viewed: 37 (16 ULg)
A comparison of within-season yield prediction algorithms based on crop model behaviour analysis
Dumont, Benjamin ; ; Leemans, Vincent et al
in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (2015), 204
The development of methodologies for predicting crop yield, in real-time and in response to different agro-climatic conditions, could help to improve the farm management decision process by providing an ... [more ▼]
The development of methodologies for predicting crop yield, in real-time and in response to different agro-climatic conditions, could help to improve the farm management decision process by providing an analysis of expected yields in relation to the costs of investment in particular practices. Based on the use of crop models, this paper compares the ability of two methodologies to predict wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.), one based on stochastically generated climatic data and the other on mean climate data. It was shown that the numerical experimental yield distribution could be considered as a log-normal distribution. This function is representative of the overall model behaviour. The lack of statistical differences between the numerical realisations and the logistic curve showed in turn that the Generalised Central Limit Theorem (GCLT) was applicable to our case study. In addition, the predictions obtained using both climatic inputs were found to be similar at the inter and intra-annual time-steps, with the root mean square and normalised deviation values below an acceptable level of 10% in 90% of the climatic situations. The predictive observed lead-times were also similar for both approaches. Given (i) the mathematical formulation of crop models, (ii) the applicability of the CLT and GLTC to the climatic inputs and model outputs, respectively, and (iii) the equivalence of the predictive abilities, it could be concluded that the two methodologies were equally valid in terms of yield prediction. These observations indicated that the Convergence in Law Theorem was applicable in this case study. For purely predictive purposes, the findings favoured an algorithm based on a mean climate approach, which needed far less time (by 300-fold) to run and converge on same predictive lead time than the stochastic approach. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 44 (9 ULg)
Measurement of the open porosity of agricultural soils with acoustic waves
Luong, Jeanne ; Mercatoris, Benoît ; Destain, Marie-France
Poster (2015, April 13)Detailed reference viewed: 20 (1 ULg)
Climatic risk assessment to improve nitrogen fertilisation recommendations : A strategic crop model-based approach
Dumont, Benjamin ; ; Bodson, Bernard et al
in European Journal of Agronomy (2015), 65(10-17),
Within the context of nitrogen (N) management, since 1950, with the rapid intensification of agriculture, farmers have often applied much larger fertiliser quantities than what was required to reach the ... [more ▼]
Within the context of nitrogen (N) management, since 1950, with the rapid intensification of agriculture, farmers have often applied much larger fertiliser quantities than what was required to reach the yield potential. However, to prevent pollution of surface and groundwater induced by nitrates, The European Community launched The European Nitrates Directive 91/6/76/EEC. In 2002, in Wallonia (Belgium), the Nitrates Directive has been transposed under the Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Agriculture Program (PGDA), with the aim of maintaining productivity and revenue for the country's farmers, while reducing the environmental impact of excessive N application. A feasible approach for addressing climatic uncertainty lies in the use of crop models such as the one commonly known as STICS (simulateur multidisciplinaire pour les cultures standard). These models allow the impact on crops of the interaction between cropping systems and climatic records to be assessed. Comprehensive historical climatic records are rare, however, and therefore the yield distribution values obtained using such an approach can be discontinuous. In order to obtain better and more detailed yield distribution information, the use of a high number of stochastically generated climate time series was proposed, relying on the LARS-Weather Generator. The study focused on the interactions between varying N practices and climatic conditions. Historically and currently, Belgian farmers apply 180 kg N ha−1, split into three equal fractions applied at the tillering, stem elongation and flag-leaf stages. This study analysed the effectiveness of this treatment in detail, comparing it to similar practices where only the N rates applied at the flag-leaf stage were modified. Three types of farmer decision-making were analysed. The first related to the choice of N strategy for maximising yield, the second to obtaining the highest net revenue, and the third to reduce the environmental impact of potential N leaching, which carries the likelihood of taxation if inappropriate N rates are applied. The results showed reduced discontinuity in the yield distribution values thus obtained. In general, the modulation of N levels to accord with current farmer practices showed considerable asymmetry. In other words, these practices maximised the probability of achieving yields that were at least superior to the mean of the distribution values, thus reducing risk for the farmers. The practice based on applying the highest amounts (60–60–100 kg N ha−1) produced the best yield distribution results. When simple economical criteria were computed, the 60–60–80 kg N ha−1 protocol was found to be optimal for 80–90% of the time. There were no statistical differences, however, between this practice and Belgian farmers' current practice. When the taxation linked to a high level of potentially leachable N remaining in the soil after harvest was considered, this methodology clearly showed that, in 3 years out of 4, 30 kg N ha−1 could systematically be saved in comparison with the usual practice. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 59 (7 ULg)
Optimisation of the Nitrogen fertilisation in the context of climate change
Dumont, Benjamin ; ; Bodson, Bernard et al
in Soussana, Jean-Francois (Ed.) Proceedings of the Climate Smart Agriculture 2015 conference (2015, March)Detailed reference viewed: 28 (2 ULg)
Wheat yield sensitivity to climate change across a European transect for a large ensemble of crop models
; ; et al
in Soussana, Jean-Francois (Ed.) Proceedings of the Climate Smart Agriculture 2015 conference (2015, March)Detailed reference viewed: 54 (6 ULg)
A crop model ensemble analysis of temperature and precipitation effects on wheat yield across a European transect using impact response surfaces"
; ; et al
in Climate Research (2015), 65
This study aims to explore the utility of the impact response surface (IRS) approach for investigating model ensemble crop yield responses under a large range of changes in climate. IRSs of spring and ... [more ▼]
This study aims to explore the utility of the impact response surface (IRS) approach for investigating model ensemble crop yield responses under a large range of changes in climate. IRSs of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields were constructed from a 26-member ensemble of process-based crop simulation models for sites in Finland, Germany and Spain across a latitudinal transect in Europe. The sensitivity of modelled yield to systematic increments of changes in temperature (-2 to +9°C) and precipitation (-50 to +50%) was tested by modifying values of 1981–2010 baseline daily weather, with CO2 concentration fixed at 360 ppm. The IRS approach offers an effective method of portraying model behaviour under changing climate as well as advantages for analysing, comparing and presenting results from multi-model ensemble simulations. Though individual model behaviour may depart markedly from the average, ensemble median responses across sites and crop varieties indicate that yields decline with higher temperatures and decreased precipitation and increase with higher precipitation. Across the uncertainty ranges defined for the IRSs, yields are more sensitive to temperature than precipitation changes at the Finnish site while sensitivities are mixed at the German and Spanish sites. Precipitation effects diminish under higher temperature changes. While the bivariate and multi-model characteristics of the analysis impose some limits to interpretation, the IRS approach nonetheless provides additional insights into sensitivities to inter-model and inter-annual variability. Taken together, these sensitivities may help to pinpoint processes such as heat stress, vernalisation or drought effects requiring refinement in future model development. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 43 (9 ULg)
Predicting biomass and grain protein content using Bayesian methods
Mansouri, Majdi ; Destain, Marie-France
in Stochastic Environmental Research & Risk Assessment (2015)
This paper deals with the problem of predicting biomass and grain protein content using improved particle filtering (IPF) based on minimizing the Kullback–Leibler divergence. The performances of IPF are ... [more ▼]
This paper deals with the problem of predicting biomass and grain protein content using improved particle filtering (IPF) based on minimizing the Kullback–Leibler divergence. The performances of IPF are compared with those of the conventional particle filtering (PF) in two comparative studies. In the first one, we apply IPF and PF at a simple dynamic crop model with the aim to predict a single state variable, namely the winter wheat biomass, and to estimate several model parameters. In the second study, the proposed IPF and the PF are applied to a complex crop model (AZODYN) to predict a winter-wheat quality criterion, namely the grain protein content. The results of both comparative studies reveal that the IPF method provides a better estimation accuracy than the PF method. The benefit of the IPF method lies in its ability to provide accuracy related advantages over the PF method since, unlike the PF which depends on the choice of the sampling distribution used to estimate the posterior distribution, the IPF yields an optimum choice of this sampling distribution, which also utilizes the observed data. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of estimation accuracy, root mean square error, mean absolute error and execution times. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 23 (3 ULg)
Toward a tool aimed to quantify soil compaction risks at a regional scale: application to Wallonia (Belgium)
; Destain, Marie-France
in Soil & Tillage Research (2014), 144
The spatial analysis of the soil compaction risk has been developed at the regional level and applied to Wallonia (Belgium). The methodology is based on the estimation of the probability of exceeding the ... [more ▼]
The spatial analysis of the soil compaction risk has been developed at the regional level and applied to Wallonia (Belgium). The methodology is based on the estimation of the probability of exceeding the preconsolidation stress due to the application of loads on the soil. Preconsolidation stresses (Pc) are computed from the pedotransfer functions of Horn and Fleige (2003) at pF 1.8 and 2.5 and classified into 6 categories ranging from very low Pc (< 30 kPa) to extremely high Pc (> 150 kPa). The computation requires the knowledge of pedological (texture, organic content), mechanical (bulk density, cohesion, internal friction angle), and hydraulic variables (water content available, non-available water content, air capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity). These variables are obtained from databases like HYPRES or AARDEWERK or from pedotransfer functions. The computation of Pc takes into account the spatial structure of the data: in some cases, data are abundant (e.g. texture data) and spatial variability is taken into account through geostatistical methods. In other cases, the data is sparse but uncertainty information can be extracted from the knowledge of the statistical distribution. Maps of the most probable Pc class are produced. Uncertainty is computed as the classification error probability. Implementation of these methods in Wallonia showed that Pc values higher than 120 kPa are reached either on 64 % of the territory at pF 2.5 or on 55 % at pF 1.8. A higher uncertainty was found at pF 2.5 than at pF 1.8. Uncertainty was also found higher for clay and clayed loess than for other textural classes present in Wallonia. The risk of compaction is defined as the probability that Pc is exceeded by the stress created by a load applied to the soil at a depth of 40 cm, the loads being similar to those induced by agricultural or forestry tires. It appeared that subsoil compaction risks exist mainly in loamy forest soils with small coarse fragments supporting loads similar to that existing on logging machines. In the zones where the uncertainty is low, the developed tool could be used as a basis for providing policy measures in order to promote soil-friendly farming and forest practices. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 63 (25 ULg)
Soil compaction resulting from different soil tillage systems
Destain, Marie-France ; ; Mercatoris, Benoît
in ASABE - CSBE/ASABE Joint Meeting Presentation (2014, July)
The effects of long-term use (8 years) of two different tillage systems were assessed on a Luvisol, under temperate climate (Belgium). The tillage treatments were (i) conventional tillage (CT) with ... [more ▼]
The effects of long-term use (8 years) of two different tillage systems were assessed on a Luvisol, under temperate climate (Belgium). The tillage treatments were (i) conventional tillage (CT) with moldboard ploughing to 27 cm depth and (ii) reduced tillage (RT) with a spring tine cultivator to 10 cm depth. The measurements included bulk density (BD) and precompression stress (Pc) chosen as indicators of mechanical strength, and the pore size distribution (PSD) measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The tillage systems, the depth and their interaction had a significant effect on BD, Pc and PSD. In CT, in the topsoil, the soil strength was low and the total porosity n was about 50 %. In the subsoil, n decreased to 43 %. The PSD of CT was uni-modal in topsoil and subsoil in the MIP measurement range. The mean value of the mode rmax diminished from the topsoil toward the subsoil (from 2.5 microns to 1.9 microns). In RT, in the topsoil, the soil strength was higher than CT. BD did not vary much according to the depth. The total porosity n of RT was comprised between 40-45 % in the soil profile. The PSD was uni-modal and rmax increased from topsoil (around 2 microns) to subsoil (> 3 microns). This suggested the agglomeration of fine particles under the long-term action of mechanical loads, climatic agents, biological organisms or clay minerals acting as cementing agents. These phenomena could be at the origin of the increase of Pc with the depth without significant modification of BD. Such high values of Pc could be responsible of negative effects on root-growth leading to a more superficial root lateral development. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 82 (17 ULg)
Risk assessment of soil compaction in Walloon Region
; Destain, Marie-France
in Proceedings of geoENV2014 (2014, July)
It is well established that soil compaction affects the growth and functioning of roots and disrupts the activity of microfauna and soil microorganisms, resulting in a loss of yields. Agriculture and ... [more ▼]
It is well established that soil compaction affects the growth and functioning of roots and disrupts the activity of microfauna and soil microorganisms, resulting in a loss of yields. Agriculture and forestry using increasingly heavy machines, the risk of soil compaction is increasing accordingly. Chosen as indicator of the susceptibility of soils to compaction, the precompression stress (Pc) is calculated using the pedotransfer functions (PTFs) proposed by Horn and Fleige (2003). These PTFs involve eight parameters linked to the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of soils: organic matter content, bulk density, air capacity, available and non-plant available water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, cohesion and angle of internal friction. The challenge consists in producing Pc maps at the regional scale for Wallonia. Those maps should also be accompanied by estimation uncertainty map. Finally, the results should be exploited to produce compaction risk maps according to various frequent scenarios. In this paper, a methodology is proposed, combining geostatistics and Monte Carlo simulations, to achieve these goals. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 49 (8 ULg)
Predicting Grain Protein Content of Winter Wheat
Mansouri, Majdi ; Dumont, Benjamin ; Destain, Marie-France
in ESANN 2014 Proceedings (2014, April 24)Detailed reference viewed: 35 (12 ULg)


text:
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Description And Comments
The last update was in 2009, when Barack Obama was added and the entire presentation revamped, including a new narration by Morgan Freeman and a new speech by George Washington. The Father of Our Country joins Presidents Lincoln and Obama as the only Chief Executives with speaking parts. Although the show is updated roughly every decade, the presentation remains strongly inspirational and patriotic, highlighting milestones in American history. It's also one of Disney's best and most ambitious Audio-Animatronic efforts.
Throughout its periodic refurbishments, we've had a high opinion of The Hall of Presidents. That said, we receive a lot of mail from readers who get more than entertainment from it. A woman in St. Louis writes:
We always go to The Hall of Presidents when my husband gets cranky so he can take a nice nap.
A young mother in Marion, Ohio, adds:
The Hall of Presidents is a great place to breast-feed.
Finally, from a New Jersey teen:
Mom and Dad both fell asleep during The Hall of Presidents. Only I, a 15-year-old high school freshman, actually paid attention. It's not the most exciting thing in Disney World, but I find it very difficult to fall asleep when Morgan Freeman is speaking. His voice is way too awesome.
Touring Tips
Details and costumes are masterful. This attraction is one of the park's most popular among older visitors. Don't be put off by long lines. The theater holds more than 700 people, thus swallowing large lines at a single gulp when visitors are admitted.
The Hall of Presidents Wait Times
This chart shows you roughly how long you'll wait for The Hall of Presidents when you visit on a day with a given Magic Kingdom Crowd Level. The blue bars represent the average "peak" wait time (that is, how long the line will at its busiest). The bottom and top black lines represent the range of peak wait times to expect (for you fellow nerds out there: it's the 5th percentile and 95th percentile of peak wait times). Please note that these are estimates, and for a better forecast for your travel dates, see The Hall of Presidents Wait Times.
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Touring Plans with The Hall of Presidents
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text:
Bowling News
Here you can read interesting news articles not only about the Rochester Area but from around the globe!
Fairport HS Girls Win at High School Sectional Finals
Mar 30, 2015
Congratualtions to the Fairport HS Varsity Girls for taking the win at the High School Sectional Finals that were held on March 7th and March 8th. We also want to say congrats to all of our Section V bowlers who competed at the finals! Way to go!...
Section V Bowlers to Compete at HS State Finals in Syracuse
Mar 01, 2015
Let's congratulate those who have qualified for the HS States in Syracuse, NY at Strike and Spare Lanes March 7 and 8. Both Fairport Boys and Girls teams will be competing for the title. Making the boys composite team was Connor Brink, Adam Turner, Kyle Bailey, Nate Sharrow, Reese Hurwitz, Hunter Barber. The girls composite team will consist of Dominique...
Sep 01, 2014
The start of the new season is here! We are excited to welcome back all returning members and new members to our association! Remember to check here for all upcoming events, tournaments, fundraisers or even to check for pictures of updates to our honor roll! We hope everyone has a successful season and HAVE FUN!...
Jun 11, 2014
FunTime Youth Bowling has been brought back to Rochester, NY! Take a look at this season's showcase with bowler's of various ages. The show is being aired Saturdays at 12:00 PM on Channel 18 for Time Warner, or channel 10-2 for Satellite.
Click here for a link to the FunTime Youth Bowling Facebook Page!...
Junior Gold Championships in Buffalo, NY Fast Approaching
Jun 11, 2014
The 2014 Junior Gold Championships are fast approacing. The tournament will be held July 14th-19th in Buffalo, NY. There are approximately 100 youth bowlers from the Rochester area attending the championships. Rochester, NY continues to be one of the areas that brings the most amount of kids to the Junior Gold Championships out of the entire nation. Keep up the...
- Fairport HS Girls Win at High School Sectional Finals
Mar 30, 2015
- Section V Bowlers to Compete at HS State Finals in Syracuse
Mar 01, 2015
- 2014-2015 Season Begins
Sep 01, 2014
Upcoming Events
Apr 4, 2015
- RYABA Annual Meeting - OPEN
Apr 7, 2015
- Cam the Man Fundraiser
Apr 18, 2015


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Kirbys Dream Universe [orche]
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Aug 25, 2008 | 3:50 PM EDT
- File Info
- Loop
- 6 min 7 sec
- Score
- 4.38 / 5.00
Related Content
Licensing Terms
You may not use this work for commercial purposes without making specific arrangements with the artist UNLESS your work is a web-based game or animation, in which case you may use this freely.
- Score:
- Rated 4.38 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 10,829 Plays | 900 Downloads
- Share Links:
- Genres:
- Electronic - Video Game
- None
Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Classics never die
I hope this one becomes a classic too
Rated 5 / 5 stars
best kirby music ever
this is the best kirby music i've heard in a long time it has a nice melody plus the mix to it gives it a soothing feeling to it i can listen to it all day and day dream.
Rated 0 / 5 stars
=_= *slaps you silly*
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Oh my...
Simply beautiful.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Fountain of Dreams (SSBM/SSBB) has noting on you! One of the greatest Kirby Mixes iv ever seen! Iv always loved Kirby music as well as Sonic/Mario/Star Fox but Kirby music really sticks out for me good drum work as well as adapablity you have my Respect man.
- Kyuudousha
I still thank you this submission mine even till this day i cant BELIEVE how popular this has become using only a library of edirol THIS IS AMAZING well thank you ^.^


text: Being a single-cell organism can be tough. As if having little or no prospects in life wasn't enough, you have to live with the constant threat of being consumed by other primitive beings!nnBut you are a different type of aimless amoeba... Try and stay alive for as long as you can in this game. Use your size to your advantage by consuming amoebas smaller than you to increase your own size.nnBe more than just algae... reach for the surface! Let the action begin!


text:
Ronan Farrow Daily 03/07/14
Heroes and Zeroes: Top Dem, deposed dictator
Today's "Hero" is Sen. Elizabeth Warren, for her work in addressing the student loan debt crisis, and today's "Zero" is the former leader of Syria, Bashar Al-Assad. ... more Duration: {{video.duration.momentjs}}
Heroes and Zeroes: Top Dem, deposed dictator
Ronan Farrow, Joy Reid say goodbye
The Daily Spike: The Internet
Bill Nye on the black hole & that dress
Houston clears rape kit backlog
Mosul: Life under ISIS
When three makes baby
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Pres. Obama & the Immigration limbo
Inside the V.A.: Opiates handed out like...
Inside the V.A.: Whistleblower interview
Oscars' equal pay moment
Next terror target?
Mall of America on high alert
ISIS & the food crisis
Apple iCar by 2020 – a thing?
Win your office Oscars pool
Pasco Shooting: Family's lawyer speaks out
Sexism or science? The Case for female Viagra
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Geno and the Philly Cheesesteak
DNC Speakers: Trump sets a bad example
How did the Democrats do on day one?
Michelle Obama delivers for Hillary Clinton
11 FLOTUS moments that fired up the DNC
Al Franken's challenge: Make lies matter
Clinton trust issues may be impenetrable
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Sanders: Clinton must become president
Sanders thanks his loyal supporters
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Michelle Obama: Clinton never buckles...
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Sanders loses control of angry supporters
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Programming notes for the next couple days!
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Morning Joe
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Chuck Todd: This will be a polarizing speech
Did Trump reach beyond the base with speech?
'It's just rude': Ted Cruz and the RNC '16
Barnicle: Trump not talking about US I...


text:
Posted| Updated
The Australian triathlon and running community mourns the death of former world champion Jackie Fairweather.
Topics: athletics, triathlon, marathon, suicide, sport, canberra-2600, act, australia
Posted| Updated
Jackie Fairweather's former coach, Ben Gathercole, speaks to Tim Gavel after the athlete's death.
Topics: athletics, marathon, triathlon, canberra-2600
Topics: marathon, sport, united-states, australia, kenya
Champion Australian wheelchair racer Kurt Fearnley prevailed in a dramatic finish to win his fifth New York Marathon.
Topics: marathon, sport, united-states, australia, kenya
Posted| Updated
Newcastle's champion wheelchair racer Kurt Fearnley has won his fifth New York marathon.
Topics: marathon, newcastle-2300
Posted| Updated
Nine Indigenous runners head to New York Marathon tomorrow after overcoming huge personal and physical challenges to take part.
Topics: indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, marathon, sydney-2000, alice-springs-0870, broome-6725, thursday-island-4875, cairns-4870
Topics: exercise-and-fitness, marathon, indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, nt
Topics: sport, diet-and-nutrition, marathon, indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, sydney-2000
Topics: marathon, indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, exercise-and-fitness, nt
Topics: marathon, exercise-and-fitness, nt
Territorian stares down diabetes, excess weight and grief to qualify for one of the world's most intense marathons.
Topics: diet-and-nutrition, womens-health, exercise-and-fitness, marathon, diabetes, indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, darwin-0800
Posted| Updated
Chloe McCardel has set a record for open water swimming in the Bahamas, where she swam for 42 hours.
Posted| Updated
Thousands of runners have braved thick smog at the Beijing marathon, with some athletes donning masks as air pollution soared to 16 times the maximum recommended level.
Topics: marathon, air-pollution, pollution, china
Posted| Updated
Australian wheelchair racer Kurt Fearnley has finished second in the Chicago Marathon for the second consecutive year.
Topics: marathon, sport, united-states, carcoar-2791
Posted| Updated
Newcastle's Kurt Fearnley has finished second in the Chicago Marathon for the second consecutive year.
Topics: marathon, newcastle-2300
Local runner Nikki Chapple has won the Melbourne marathon, with Kenyan Domibic Ondoro winning the men's event.
Topics: marathon, sport, melbourne-3000, vic, australia
Kenyan runner Dennis Kimetto set a new world record in the Berlin Marathon on Sunday, with an unofficial time of 2hr 02min 57sec.
Australian runner Samantha Gash is about to embark on her biggest challenge yet - 55 marathons in 32 days.
Topics: marathon, sport, charities, south-africa, australia, central-african-republic
Australia's Jess Trengove reacts after finishing third in the women's marathon on the city marathon course during day four of the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games on July 27, 2014.
Topics: commonwealth-games, marathon, sport, scotland, australia
Australia's Michael Shelley celebrates after winning the men's marathon during day four of the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games on July 27, 2014.
Topics: commonwealth-games, marathon, sport, scotland, australia
Michael Shelley of Australia and Stephen Chemlany of Kenya compete in the men's marathon on the city marathon course during day four of the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games on July 27, 2014.
Topics: commonwealth-games, marathon, sport, scotland, australia
Posted| Updated
A new record for the fastest time run in an Australian marathon has been set at the Gold Coast marathon over the weekend, with Kenyan Silah Limo winning the event in two hours, nine minutes and 14 seconds, beating Robert de Castella's 1982 record by four seconds and the previous Gold Coast marathon record by 47 seconds.
Topics: marathon, person, southport-4215
Posted| Updated
A field of elite runners could topple a 32-year-old Australian marathon record at the Gold Coast Marathon this weekend, organisers say.
Topics: sport, marathon, southport-4215, qld
Powerful images from Boston as thousands of runners take part in the city's famous marathon, one year after a deadly terrorist bombing.
Topics: marathon, united-states
Posted| Updated
This year's Boston Marathon has been run without a hitch, with an estimated one million spectators watching almost 36 thousand runners from 96 countries take part, in honour of last year's bombing victims.
Topics: marathon, sport, terrorism, united-states


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Variegate porphyria
Other Names for this Disease
- Porphyria variegate
- Porphyria, South African type
- Protoporphyrinogen oxidase deficiency
- PPOX deficiency
Related Diseases
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.
hepatic porphyria most common in the white South African population. This autosomal dominant disorder may produce acute attacks (as in acute intermittent porphyria) as well as skin photosensitivity.[1][2] The condition is caused by mutations in the PPOX gene which lead to deficiency of the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase.[3] Acute attacks are managed and may be prevented as in acute intermittent porphyria.[1]Variegate porphyria is a form of
Last updated: 7/19/2010
- Variegate Porphyria (VP). American Porphyria Foundation. 2010; http://www.porphyriafoundation.com/about-porphyria/types-of-porphyria/VP. Accessed 7/19/2010.
- Porphyria, Variegate. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). 2001; http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdbdetail_abstract.html?disname=Porphyria%2C%20Variegate. Accessed 7/19/2010.
- Porphyria. Genetics Home Reference (GHR). 2009; http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=porphyria. Accessed 7/19/2010.
GARD Video TutorialsLearn how to find information on treatment, research, specialists, and more.
Your Questions AnsweredView questions about this condition answered by GARD Information Specialists. You can also submit a new question.
On this page
Basic Information
- Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Variegate porphyria. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
- MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
- The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), part of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), offers information on this condition. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In Depth Information
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch's tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Variegate porphyria. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
Other Names for this Disease
- Porphyria variegate
- Porphyria, South African type
- Protoporphyrinogen oxidase deficiency
- PPOX deficiency
Related Diseases
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.


text: Best Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr Hotel rating Quick Specs Commissions 10.0%Rates $139-$199Year Built 1985Year Renovated 1998 View Large Interactive Map Address 181 Boston Post Rd WMarlborough, MA 01752 Web http://www.rplazahotels.com Phone + 1 508-460-0700 Fax + 1 508-480-9343 Toll-free 800-543-9500 Email firstname.lastname@example.com OverviewMeeting SpecsPhotos & videos Description Modern Hotel located in business district off I-495, at Route 20, 10 miles from Worcester Airport & 30 miles west of Boston.Year Built: 1985Year Renovated: 1998Check in Time: 3:00 PMCheck out Time: 11:00 AMNumber of Floors: 6Total Number of Rooms: 452Rates: $139Commissions: Room Only 10.0%Chain: Best Western InternationalChain Website: http://www.bestwestern.com GDS Hotel Reservation CodesAmadeus GDS: BW MXG024Galileo/Apollo GDS: BW 12223Sabre GDS: BW 008686WorldSpan GDS: BW 22024 Best Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr Location & NeighborhoodRoute 20, off I-495, exit 24B. Highway. Best Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr Rates & PoliciesBest Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr rates are Daily in USDStandard: $139 Suite: $199 (USD) Credit Cards Are AcceptedReservations must be guaranteed with a credit cardMeals: Continental PlanDeposit Policy: Hold reservations until 6 pm on day of arrival or guaranteelate arrival with credit cardHotel Discounts offered: Group discountCorporate discountGovernment/ Military discountAARP discount Nearby AirportsLogan Intl (25.25 miles east)Manchester/Boston Rg (40 miles north)T F Green (43.25 miles south)More Airports » Best Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr Room AmentitiesBest Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr amenities are in All rooms unless noted otherwiseAir ConditioningCoffeemakerDaily Maid ServiceIron/Ironing BoardMicrowave Oven (some)Rooms for Non-smokersTelephoneRefrigerator (some)Cable/Satellite TelevisionTelevisionDVD/VCR (some)Internet Access (High Speed & Wireless) Guest ServicesATM/BankBabysitting/Child CareGift ShopLaundry/Dry Cleaning ServiceMulti-lingual StaffFree Onsite ParkingRoom ServiceWheelchair Access to Common/Public AreasCommon Area Internet Access (Wireless) Security ServicesSmoke Alarm in RoomsSprinkler in RoomsValet Parking Service Pet ServicesPets Allowed Nearby SightseeingOsaka Aquarium Kaiyukan, Osaka, Japan (3.25 miles south)DiningAll Star Bar & Grill (Onsite) On-Site RecreationGame RoomHealth ClubJogging TrailsPool (Indoor Pool, Outdoor Pool)Nearby RecreationBicyclingBoating/SailingFishingGolf CourseHealth Spa/MassageHorseback RidingSnow SkiingTennis (Outdoor Tennis) Best Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr Meeting Rooms & Events17 Meeting Rooms holding 2,339 people.19,737 sq ft of Meeting Space67,500 sq ft of Exhibit SpaceTrade CenterFlooring: concreteCapacity: Theater- 2,500Royal BallroomLocation: Floor 1, Portable walls AvailableFlooring: carpetCapacity: Theater- 1,100, Classroom- 500, U-Shape- 300, Reception- 1,000, Banquet- 700PrincessLocation: Floor 1Flooring: carpetCapacity: Theater- 150, Classroom- 50, U-Shape- 38, Banquet- 60MarlboroughLocation: Floor 1Flooring: carpetCapacity: Theater- 190, Classroom- 85, U-Shape- 44, Banquet- 90 Best Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr Business ServicesA-V EquipmentBusiness CenterCopierFaxAdministrative ServicesMeeting Room Internet Access (High Speed & Wireless) Best Western Royal Plaza Htl & Trade Ctr Images, Videos, & Virtual Tours Nearby Marlborough Hotels More Nearby Hotels Doubletree Hotel Boston/WestboroughCourtyard by MarriottResidence Inn by MarriottBest Western Adams InnBest Western at Historic ConcordBest Western Plus Hotel TriaBoston Marriott BurlingtonBoston Marriott CambridgeConcords Colonial InnCourtyard by MarriottDoubletree Hotel Boston/MilfordHilton Garden Inn BurlingtonHoliday Inn Boston BrooklineHyatt Regency CambridgeResidence Inn Boston FoxboroughRoyal Sonesta BostonSheraton CommanderWestgate Hotel and Conference CenterWyndham Boston ChelseaHyatt Place Braintree Hotel Hoteliers! Is your listing up to date? With over 130,000 hotels in our database, no other source compares to our depth of information. Click here to review and be sure the travel professional knows your hotel's latest details.


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Most Liked Positive Review
Very Helpful
It is good enough to build metal projects. I build custom Sound Systems. I have used this to help build custom Speaker Mounts and Monitor mounts in the studios. It is perfect for...Read complete review
It is good enough to build metal projects. I build custom Sound Systems. I have used this to help build custom Speaker Mounts and Monitor mounts in the studios. It is perfect for to keep me on track for level. Other options are far more expensive and do no better.
Most Liked Negative Review
Not very precise
Bought this angle finder to set up some driveline angles on a couple of projects. There is no way it is accurate to .5 degrees, the needle sort of sticks and catches and is...Read complete review
Bought this angle finder to set up some driveline angles on a couple of projects. There is no way it is accurate to .5 degrees, the needle sort of sticks and catches and is maybe accurate + or - maybe 5 degrees. Will be okay for initial positioning but would not trust it for any close angle measurements. If get what you pay for I wish I had spent more for an angle gauge but I had counted on much better accuracy.
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Perfect tools
By quality railings
from Miami
About Me Professional
Comments about Pittsburgh Dial Gauge Angle Finder:
Perfect tool for use daily in my business
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
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Comment on this review
Performed Better Then Expected
By Rich
from Philippi , WV
About Me Avid Do-It-Yourselfer
Fantastic !!!Worked perfectWould Highly Recomend It.
works great
By frmrson1
from Alabaster, Alabama
Works exactly as it should and seems to be accurate enough for wha tI need it to do.
Pretty solid & effective for little money
By Gator Jeff
from Gainesville, FL
About Me Casual Do-It-Yourselfer
See all my reviews
Bought to use as a quick guide for my portable 100W solar panel. Big & easy to read, seems simple & accurate, and very substantially constructed. Great value.
Just the Tool I needed
By woodnut
from longwood, florida
I'm a wood turner and I need this gauge to quickly find an angle on my bench grinder to sharpen my woodturning tools. Each tools is set at different angles. This gauge is inexpensive but very accurate. I love it. Just the tool I needed.
Works fine using to set up ratrod chassis.
By Ratrodder
from Chambersburg PA
Served its purpose well. Used as a pair to ensure same angle on both sides of chassis. For the price.. cant beat it.
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
very good
By bill
from Ga
worked very well
Does what it is supposed to do at a great price
By mac the knifemaker
from Hickory, NC
The magnetic base allows for proper layout of metal projects that I work on. The gauge is smooth and works well consistently. Would buy again.
Good tool. Works very good
By Bob
from Vancouver Wa.
Works very good when installing spring pads on truck rear ends.
Works great!
By Rob
from Out North
I bought a slightly more expensive one to do some measuring with but left it at home...thankfully a Harbor Freight was on the way to where I was working! What I found was that the Harbor Freight Cen-Tech angle finder works way smoother and is more consistent than the more expensive one I had bought earlier!
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text:
The New York Times reports a children's cancer drug could soon run out at the nation's hospitals.
The drug is called Methotrexate and it's used to treat leukemia.
It's also used to used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
The FDA says the situation is quote dire.
One of the reasons supply is so low right now is because a major supplier suspended operations.
The company apparently had significant manufacturing and quality concerns, the Times reports.
Other manufacturers say they are attempting to up their production of the drug.


text:
Mini Bread Loaves
Total Time
Prep 1 hr
Cook 1 hr 6 mins
These crusty little loaves make great bread bowls, sandwich rolls and toasting bread. This recipe makes 16-18 "baby breads" ..enough to last us the week and still have some for the freezer. A trick: Slice the loaves into fourths thru the "equators". Use the middle two slices for toast and the outer slices for a sandwich. A great recipe for beginning bread makers. Variations: Italian type bread: Sprinkle one baking sheet with cornmeal then slit the tops of the mini breads and sprinkle with more cornmeal. Bread Bowls: Do not reduce heat or spray with water after 10 minutes. Baking at a higher temperature will make a crustier and more substantial loaf. ****** Note! A mistake was made when I first posted this recipe. As of 1-12-05 the recipe reads 13 cups of flour rather than 11. Thanks. Barb
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1⁄2 cup room temp water (75-F)
- 1 teaspoon dry yeast
- 3⁄4 cup flour
- 6 cups water
- 1 teaspoon dry yeast
- 4 teaspoons kosher salt
- 13 cups flour
- 2 teaspoons olive oil
- 1 tablespoon olive oil or 1 tablespoon butter, to paint crusts (optional)
- Starter.
- Combine water and yeast in a large bowl and mix well.
- Add ¾ cup flour and whisk 100 times.
- Cover and let set one hour.
- Dough.
- Add an additional tsp of dry yeast, 6 cups of (room temp.) water, 4 cups of flour and kosher salt to starter mix.
- Whisk 50 times and let stand 2 minutes.
- Using a large spoon mix in 2 cups of flour until well incorporated.
- Add 3 cups of flour and mix until well incorporated.
- Add another 3 cups of flour and mix until well incorporated.
- Let dough rest 5 minutes.
- Cover working surface with generous amount of flour (about a cup).
- Turn soft wet dough onto surface and sprinkle with flour.
- Dip your hands in flour and knead the dough.
- (Push it down and forward with the heel of one hand. Then pull dough back from the top and fold dough over with the other.).
- Gradually add the last cup of flour as you knead for about 5 minutes.
- Shape dough into a ball and return to large bowl that has been lightly coated with 1 ½ tsp olive oil.
- Brush top with ½ tsp olive oil.
- Cover and let rise until doubled (approx an hour).
- Deflate the dough, turn out unto a floured surface and knead for about a minute.
- Separate dough in half.
- Separate each half in half.
- Divide these pieces into fourths.
- (You should have 16 pieces. And sometimes I get 18 pieces-- lol).
- Shape each piece into a tight ball and place on a greased baking sheet (up to 6 to a sheet).
- Let rise for 30 minutes.
- Preheat oven to 450F and place oven racks in the center of the oven.
- Place a pan of water under the racks where the bread will bake.
- Place loaves in hot oven for ten minutes.
- *Spray/sprinkle loaves with water.
- Reduce heat to 400F and continue baking for 10-12 minutes.
- Remove from oven.
- Paint w/ butter or oil for a softer crust (optional).
- *For crustier loaves keep the 450F bake time to 20 minutes and omit 400F bake & water spritz.
Most Helpful
Just the recipe that I needed. I cut the recipe to make 4 mini loaves (aprx 1/3 of the recipe). I haven't made bread in quite a while so I was pleased with my results. When I cut into one of the loaves was quite hollow inside - this suited my purpose and will be perfect for soup bowls if the others are like this - they are in the freezer The water under the loaves in the oven and spraying the loaves is the secret for the lovely crust Thanks Aroostook for posting
These were fun to make and DS just gobbled his up along with his beef barley soup that was loaded into the bread. I did steps 1 thru 17 in my KitchenAid mixer with the dough blade which made the whole process so easy. I did add something to this recipe, after baking the 1st tray of them. I took some olive oil cooking spray and sprayed the tops when there was only 5 minutes left on the timer. Made the tops crisp and gave them a nice golden brown look. Definately will be making some more of these. Thanks Aroostook for a great standard bread bowl recipe for me. Enjoy the pics and I hope you like them.


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For healthy eats and drinks, check out this two-in-one juice bar and restaurant. On the restaurant side, order up Mediterranean fare for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Heartier options include organic California Crunch salad (baby spinach, shaved fennel and celery, roasted macadamias and crispy bacon), and Niman Ranch Ground Beef Kabobs. Enter the juice bar side for smoothies, cold-pressed juices and custom cleanses.
|Venue name:
|Kreation Kafe
1023 Montana Ave
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The big green easy
When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans five years ago, the devastation was heartbreaking. Residents lost homes, schools, and churches, and in some cases entire neighborhoods were destroyed. The city was in ruins by the time the water finally receded, leaving the task of rebuilding to those whose homes and livelihoods had been swept away by the massive storm. The Crescent City slowly but surely crept back to life, and in the process, New Orleans 2.0 is becoming better, stronger, and greener.
There are a number of organizations working to help New Orleans think smarter and greener as residents rebuild their homes, keeping in mind that installing rooftop solar panels or backyard wind turbines isn't realistic for most people, and that simple is better.
Go Green NOLA encourages homebuilders to think small, since smaller homes use less energy. The group also makes suggestions such as installing windows and insulation systems with special attention to local weather and climate""think: humidity, and lots of it""and using shade trees and other landscaping to help beat back the southern sun. The organization's web site has a number of resources to help residents make the right choices for the environment.
Global Green USA's Build it Back Green program has helped set the standard for green redevelopment in the Big Easy. The group provides information and technical assistance to New Orleans homeowners and small rental property owners who have received Road Home Grants so that they can rebuild in an affordable and sustainable manner. They offer resources ranging from product information and how-to tips on sustainable insulation, lighting, and water and sewage systems, to lists of vendors and contractors who are green friendly. They even have a resource center where people can go to see samples of environmentally friendly building materials or get one-on-one green building consultations.
Finally, no article about the green rebuilding of New Orleans would be complete without mention of the city's hunkiest advocate: Brad Pitt. The actor founded Make it Right after touring the still totally deserted Lower Ninth Ward two years after Katrina hit. He pledged to help build 150 green and storm resistant homes in the neighborhood.
Twenty-one acclaimed architects have donated their designs for single-family homes and duplexes, and the U.S. Green Building Council calls the area the largest, greenest neighborhood of single-family homes in the country. In addition to helping the 150 families who move into new homes, Make it Right is testing and implementing new construction techniques, technologies, and materials that will make green, storm resistant homes affordable and broadly available to working families across the country.
New Orleans still has a long way to go to in the rebuilding process, but with the help of organizations like these and others, the city stands a real chance of making a strong""and green""comeback.
This is a CAP cross-post.
22 Responses to The big green easy
A study by a German military think tank has analyzed how "peak oil" might change the global economy. The internal draft document — leaked on the Internet — shows for the first time how carefully the German government has considered a potential energy crisis.
I am friends with an Elder from the Skokomish Nation here in the NW. I turned him on to this sight and it has been very valuable to him in his efforts to bring climate awareness to the tribe. The practical knowledge like the links above are invaluable in their efforts to improve the community as they upgrade homes and infrastructure. Reading CP is now even in his "job description." Even thou the climate is different than the Big Easy, contacts and technology often are interchangeable.
Two Palms Up.
[JR: Thanks!]
The best thing they could do in New Orleans is to prohibit construction from two by fours and formaldehyde based plywood and OSB. These products warp and degrade in that climate, requiring constant maintenance and eventual demolition. That's one reason that inner New Orleans became section 8 housing in the first place, since the homes were so badly degraded by the climate.
Inert materials are called for, either light gauge steel, CMU block, or reinforced concrete. The cost premium is minimal: framing materials are less than 10% of hard construction costs, so a 20% premium for wood or concrete = 2% more- for a house that will last for centuries instead of a few decades.
correction, a 20% premium for steel or concrete.
Mike –
given the ecological costs of concrete and rust-proof steel alloys, it's surely worth noting that good quality wood can last for centuries if it is well assembled, as in the old part of New Orleans ?
While I'm all for conserving remaining old forests, switching construction from productive forestry yields to the outputs of concrete plants and steel foundries is surely a step away from sustainability ?
With regard to the use of absurdly short-lived composite materials such as plywood and chip-beams etc, I agree with you entirely.
I keep thinking about how many of the newly designed homes are being built on stilts high above the ground. I understand why it is desirable to put the valuable part of the house above future flood levels, but I get concerned about the loss of community for those seniors and other people who are not going to go up and down all those stairs any more often than necessary.
What is the possibility of including an inexpensive elevator? Electric winches are not really expensive. A winch capable of pulling 1,000 pounds can be had for as little as $300. It would seem that a 'chair lift' with all the safety features could be installed for a thousand dollars or so.
Design the houses so that a chair lift could be easily installed. (Create the space and make the framing adequately strong.)
Then turn that 'under the house' into living space. A great big screened room comes to mind. Hinge the screen panels at the top so that they could be stored away under the house when storms threaten.
People could use 'lawn furniture' – stuff easily moved upstairs if necessary. Install a dumbwaiter for moving food/etc. up and down easily. (Folks with limited ability should get an electric dumbwaiter.)
Small houses are a great idea for conservation. But make them more livable by utilizing the area under the house.
Lewis – "old" New Orleans has a major problem caused by Formosan termites.
It could well be that properly chosen composites might be a better option than natural wood in this case. Beams formulated with something to make them unattractive to termites might last longer than wooden beams.
Steel studs might be a much better, longer lasting option than wood 2x4s.
Better, stronger, greener, and whiter!
…" it's surely worth noting that good quality wood can last for centuries"… Lewis C @5.
While that is true for good quality old growth, todays quickly grown second growth is a mere shadow of old growth quality. I am a retired boat builder and one of the problems that drove me to different media was getting quality wood. I have paid top dime for "quality" old growth only to have it trashed in ten years or less. Quality control became impossible to ascertain. Some suppliers would replace the product but even then that would amount 10 to 25% of the job, which would then leave me holding the bag. Second growth materials would not even be considered as a marine environment would trash it out in a few years. Very frustrating.
Leif – I live in Redwood country. What we're seeing is that second growth redwood does not develop redwood's rot resistance until it is 80-200 years old.
I have cousins in the Southeast who are home builders. They quit using CA redwood for decks and other outdoor uses several years ago as they found that the (heart) redwood they were installing "trashed in ten years or less".
They moved to cypress, but I would imagine that's largely used up by now. I haven't heard from them for a while, I'd guess they are now building decks with pressure treated frames and composite surfaces.
Leif – I commiserate with your difficulties as a boatbuilder in finding well grown 2nd growth lumber. My own first career was as a wheelwright and carriage-builder, (my family's trade for many generations) in which the woods are subject to extreme stresses and are expected to last up to a century.
Given that there has hardly been any old-growth timber harvested in western Europe for a long time, we have a clear indication that the quality of forest management is a key determinant on the quality of lumber available. For instance, both the over-dense planting of new stands, and the folly of chemical fertilization, and the stresses of acid rainfall and ozone pollution, all diminish the final quality of the lumber produced.
For gig-wheel spokes, which face the highest of stress per unit of cross section area of any part of a vehicle, I never saw anything to beat upland hedge-grown oak on medium soil, where the tree is exposed to the winds and has to develop great resilience to survive.
The only way I found to ensure quality control, (for there is certainly much fast grown trash being sold here) was to buy trunks from reputable forestry holdings and bring a woodmizer to them, which also saved some costs.
Sadly it appears that there are several billions of tonnes of old-growth North American forests that are being hit by various insect pest booms and will have to come down or be left to burn. I'd strongly urge that their timber should be utilized wherever possible in long-term construction, rather than being degraded to paper-pulp and wasted in days.
In terms of maximizing that timber's service, beside rotproofing (preferably with the creosote output of the wastes' processing) the simple expedients of masonry foundations, ground floor and primary walls will greatly reduce degradation by moisture and insect attack.
The alternative, of sponsoring additional coal mining and alloy-steel production and milling in China, and its shipping to Nola for framing, rafters, floors etc, seems a poor prospect, not least from the point of view of the forests that are being hit by climate destabilization.
PS: I still really envy American craftsmen their hickory !
Lewis – Read up on Formosan termites. They eat through concrete in order to get to the wood.
From my link above…
"Even more frightening, this six-legged sneak is legendary for penetrating cement, brick, plastic, and other obstacles to get to food or water sources."
There is a lot to say about quality timber harvest deterioration. The Raygun administration opened the old growth harvest and the Japanese, flush with US cash they bought shiploads of old growth here in the NW. That drove the price up by 3 or 4 times. My understanding is that most logs went into long term storage. The high cost brought in speculators and less than honest harvesters. etc. Quality went to hell, high price prevented fisherman from doing needed maintenance, and on and on. Today the NW fleet is a sorry state compared to the fleet of old.
Very similar to farmers exhausting the land and moving on to fresh land only to find that GOOD land is no more and they have left a trail of exhausted, eroded land in their wake. This practice has tumbled civilization, including the Romans and before, and modern civilization is on the cusp of repeating the movie. As if we did not have enough to ponder. Read "Dirt, The Erosion of Civilizations" by David Montgomery. It is as disheartening as AGW.
Inside Munich Re, the World's Risk Center
Recommended readings, especially on page 3.
I live in a beach community on the east coast, but have worked in and around New Orleans for seven years (from about two years before Katrina until the present). In my opinion, a HUGE problem is the failure of the Federal Flood Insurance Program to establish and enforce uniform flood regulations in south Louisiana. Before Katrina, nearly all construction in the New Orleans area (houses, businesses, apartments, you name it) was built behind levees at nearly ground level (several feet below sea level). The Federal Flood Insurance Program should have strongly discouraged this by refusing to provide coverage for this irresponsible construction behavior, but they didn't. The Federal Government failed to see the inevitable New Orleans flood, like they failed to see the Sub Prime mortgage crisis. Immediately following Katrina, Federal Flood Insurance premiums skyrocketed. In my case, my premiums tripled, despite the fact that my house (on pilings 15′ above sea level) survived a direct hit from Hurricane Hugo with little damage. This money pool was used to restore the 'below sea level' construction, but to date, only a small percentage of the buildings have been raised above flood level; and most never will be, but they will continue to be covered under our Federal Flood Insurance Program.
Furthermore, following hurricanes Katrina and Rita, flood maps (based solely on elevation) were published for much of south Lousiana. In many areas, residents then pressured local politicians to change the maps so their homes would not be in 'flood prone' areas. Can politicians physically raise ground elevations in areas subsiding at rates of 1″ to 6″ per year? No. But they can bow to pressure (or corruption) and change the maps so that the same catastrophe is guaranteed to happen again in the future.
This is an inexcusable problem with our Federal Flood Insurance Program. On east coast barrier islands, we seem to have learned the lesson that good building codes can prevent losses. But in some areas, we pay to restore the same flooded properties over, and over, and over again. This has to stop!!
David at 14 –
Well recommended.
For those who don't know the firm, Munich Re has long been by far the most discreet and effective of messengers for industry to accept the reality of climate destabilization.
As the leading re-insurance company (i.e. it sets rates at which insurance companies can insure their own liabilities) it will lose business if its calculation of weather risks are too high and it charges more than it needs to. In reality its business has grown steadily since it first recognised a climate change component in the risks it was re-insuring back in the '70s.
That's how long industry has been learning that the risk is real, and how long it's been insuring against its impacts on commercial operations.
In another interview recently, Peter Hoppe described how the number of extreme weather events per year globally has trebled since 1980, (i.e. a ~3.73% exponent, doubling in ~19 years) but how over the same period the annual global economic damages (including uninsured damages) caused by extreme weather has been rising at over 6%/yr, i.e. doubling about each 12 years.
This neatly describes both the rising frequency and the intensification of extreme weather impacts in unequivocal mathematical terms. If the trends held for the next 35 years as they have for the last 30 years, then by 2045 the number of extreme weather events per year would have risen over 10-fold, but their economic damages would have risen over 44-fold.
With this year's economic losses from weather extremes spiking sharply, with the loss of a third of the Russian grain harvest plus ~$300Bn of its forestry resources, alongside >650,000 houses in China plus crops, farmland and infrastructure, alongside the catastrophe in Pakistan, plus the new 'ordinary' smaller scale mayhem worldwide,
it would be very interesting to hear Hoppe's thoughts on the possibility of a non-linear intensification of climate destabilization impacts as critical thresholds are reached in atmospheric circulation and the hydrocycle.
Lewis #16 – this is very interesting information. It deserves a wider audience. Perhaps you and/or Joe could do a blog piece on extreme weather and the insurance industry.
The culture, history and diversity of New Orleans are all epic, and so it is extremely sad that the city does not have hundreds of years – or even a hundred years – in its future.
Much of it is below sea level, the land is naturally subsiding, and subsidence is accelerating due to the weight of the city, the pumping of water, natural gas and oil. The bayous that are New Orleans primary protection from hurricane storm surge are being lost because levees don't allow the Mississippi River to flood the bayous with silt, the bayous have been decimated by thousands of miles of canals for shipping and to install and maintain oil and natural gas wells and pipelines, nutrias are eating up to 25,000 acres of marshland a year, and now the BP oil spill will probably further the killing of grasses and marsh.
All this while sea levels will probably rise one to two meters by 2100, and hurricanes are probably intensifying.
It is said to say for such a great and historic city, and heartbreaking for all the many residents who have had such a unique home, often for many generations, but probably the best we can hope for is a sea wall around the French Quarter, which averages about 7 feet above sea level.
With dwindling resources, investing them in places almost certain not to survive the century is something we have to think about. In fact all the building right on the entire Gulf and much of the Atlantic coast in hurricane-prone areas is questionable, especially when rich people want the rest of us to subsidize their lifestyles through insurance premiums and FEMA.
Rebuilding anything more than once in a small number of decades is not the best use of resources and not something the world or nation can afford – it is also one of the least green things one can do. Some sad, but hopefully science-based decisions are going to need to be made in New Orleans.
Many of the new homes in New Orleans are being built on pilings which will make them easy to move Richard.
Additionally, there will be significant work done to rebuild/restore the natural surge barriers.
That's not to say that New Orleans will exist where it is a thousand years from now. The old New Orleans culture is most likely already damaged to the point where it will die off in a very few decades even without further help by man or nature.
There will be less and less desire to maintain New Orleans because of its vibrant culture. It will be just one more place which used to be important.
As Leif suggests, the stilt houses may well be moved inland. The 'island of New Orleans' will carry on as a tourist destination after most of the population has moved elsewhere.
As I see in your blog, you provide a lot of information on home building and home improvement and lots of related information for real state.I have also related sites and blog on home building and real state and home finance.If you want I want to upload one quality article on how much house you can afford in your blog.
In return also you can upload your article with link in my blog and sites.I think exchange of link and article is beneficial for both of us to get new visitors for our sites.If you interested than contact me at email@example.com
I second #18. Decisions about what to preserve and what to abandon are very difficult ones, but I think they will become increasingly common.


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To slap someone and call them a noob.
"My sister's boyfriend is such a noob." "Then noobslap him."
by FunkRenegade September 03, 2005
Trending Now
Top Definition
To be beaten soundly by a noob. Usually follows a long silence where the "pro" either leaves, kicks the noob, or starts ranting.
Noob123: "I won right?"
Pro1337: "Wtf...j00 h4x0r! Dis be unpossible!" *cries*
Pro1337: "Wtf...j00 h4x0r! Dis be unpossible!" *cries*
by BootlegDVD January 09, 2005


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ive been a newgrounds member for a little while now (not nearly as long as some people on here) but ive only talk to one person on here. and not for very long for that matter.
i just want to be known, and try to be friendly with my fellow newgrounds members. so feel free to leave me a pm and i promise ill get back ASAP.
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Garden of Earthly delights 5 Points After "Garden of Earthly delights" by Hieronymus Bosch , Just play the game Medal Stats.
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Total Medals Earned: 790 (From 161 different games.)


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This doctor caused my husband to lose one kidney and put the other at Rick by doing a surgery He was unable to do. He left him on the table for hours while he called... Read more
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Fantastic experience. Knows his stuff. Can't say enough.
Dr. Evans is the the best of the best as evideced by his ability, his global influence (at institutions like Oxford) and his doctor-patient manner.
Dr. Nabi diagnosed my problem and treated it efficiently. I felt like he spent time to make sure all my questions were answered.
He removed my kidney I had cancer he is the best very best doctor he is polite but serious
I haven't even seen Dr. Magnus and I have complaints. All day long I called to see about making an appointment and every time all I got was voicemail. The person o... Read more
I believe Doctor Giorgi means well. He just doesn't take the time to explain himself well enough. I leave each appointment with a "now what" mind set. He is generall... Read more
I am sure overworked but no excuse for lack of care.
Did not offer satisfactory treatment for urethral stricture, nor was he up to par on the latest treatments for urethral strictures. He kept me in a state of needless... Read more
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Lymington Salt & Pepper Shaker Set
Cole & Mason's hexagonal shakers have a slim footprint and a handsome design that complements a wide range of dinnerware. The durable, corrosion-resistant stainless steel has a brushed finish that minimizes fingerprints. Recessed polypropylene stoppers keep seasonings neatly inside. Salt shaker has three holes, pepper has five. Designed in England by Cole & Mason, a leading maker of fine mills and shakers since 1919.
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text: Installed, activated, went to settings. No calendar page was created. entering - scheduler_plugin with brackets or without does not work. No documentation anywhere to tell how to establish basic set up. Good luck if you are daft enough to waste 2 hours of your life on this like I did.


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Pumpkin Pancakes
Total Time
Prep 5 mins
Cook 10 mins
Easy to make and delicious. I made these for my kids when I had some left over canned pumpkin. Great warm breakfast in the fall. If you're feeling really creative, you can even make them in the shape of little pumpkins and put eyes, nose and mouth on them with raisins! The kids love them, and so do the adults!!!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 2 cups pancake mix (The Just add water kind)
- 1 1⁄2 cups water
- 1⁄4 cup canned pumpkin
- 2 teaspoons cinnamon
- 1 teaspoon nutmeg
- 1⁄4 cup raisins
- nonstick cooking spray
- Combine pancake mix, cinnamon and nutmeg in a bowl.
- Add water and pumpkin mix and stir until smooth (add more water as necessary to make thinner pancakes).
- Add raisins and stir (If you are making pumpkin faces, place raisins on moist batter as soon as you pour your batter on the griddle).
- Spray griddle lightly with cooking spray.
- Pour 1/4 cup batter for each pancake onto hot griddle
- Turn pancakes when edges are cooked and small bubbles start to form.
- Turn only once.
Most Helpful
Exactly what I was looking for! I wanted a pumpkin pancake recipe that used box pancake mix. These were very good! This is now my go-to recipe for gourmet breakfasts.
These were very good. I followed the recipe almost exactly, except the batter was thick when I was finished so I added more water. The first round was eaten even before I sat down to enjoy mine. We will certainly make them again.
These are delicious! The batter was a bit thick so I added some apple cider that I was making anyways. Wow that was a great addition! I will definitely be making these often throughout the fall. I adore pumpkin and this is just another great way to use it. I think I will be trying it with mini chocolate chips too! Made and Reviewed for PAC Fall 2009. Thanks! :)


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Confirmed: Geoff Johns Is the New President of DC Entertainment
Comic Books, Film, TV
If the length of The 50th Law was the only thing keeping you from reading the 304-page treatise on strategy and philosophy written by rapper 50 Cent and author Robert Greene (The 48 Laws of Power), do I have good news for you: It will be available next month as a 60-page comic illustrated by Puffed artist Dave Crosland.
Billed as "your guide to becoming rich and powerful," the comic, like the bestselling self-help book, uses stories from the life of Curtis Jackson (aka 50 Cent) to help illustrate how to let go of fear in order to succeed. You can download an excerpt from the comic's website. The adaptation is available Oct. 10 in print ($14.95) and now in digital form ($9.90). Check out a couple of pages below.
50 Cent. Wasn't he that rapper that was popular like 10 years ago? Which in rapper years is like 50 years ago
Hes still popular, and hes also the third wealthiest next to P.Diddy and Jay Z
I'll take your word for it. The only thing I've heard from him in the last 10 years is that he dated Chelsea Handler for a bit


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Little green behind the ears and trying to resolve a slowness w/ a wordpress installation. I had a quick question as it relates to persistent connections w/ Total Cache and Memecached.
When connecting to MySQL DB w/ DB cache enabled, does the persistent connection mean that there is a persistent connection between Memcached and WTC or does persistent connection mean that we are using a persistent connection now for MySQL?
The default connection for WordPress is using the mysql_connect(), Im just curious if that this plugin switches it to mysql_pconnect()? Seem to get a bunch of MySQL connections sleeping and I want to ensure that WTC is not causing persistent MySQL connections.


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Diabetes insipidus has been found in association with xanthomatosis; sarcoidosis; pulmonary fibrosis; trauma; tumors; hemorrhage and infarcts; infections, including syphilis, tuberculosis, measles, mumps, scarlet fever, chicken pox, influenza, encephalitis, and actinomycosis; pellagra; hereditary and congenital lesions such as Laurence-Moon-Biedl-syndrome, pituitary dwarfism, and idiopathic diabetes insipidus.1
Many of the above conditions may cause or be found in association with pulmonary disease. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the relationships between the causes of diabetes insipidus and pulmonary disease and to present two cases of diabetes insipidus with pulmonary fibrosis and no known etiology.
Case 1.
—A 26-year-old white man was admitted to the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Md., with an eight-month history of polydipsia and polyuria. He consumed up to 2 gallons (7.6 liters) of water daily and voided equally large quantities of urine. He voided approximately every 40 minutes and had nocturia as often
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Hi there,
I'm fairly new to WordPress so please bare with me. I know there is another post on this topic but I didn't entirely understand the solution.
For example, I've created a custom post type named Flash Devices (flash_devices) to add products under this category. I wanted to customize the archives template from just looking like a blog post. I want it to just display all the products in that category. I tried making a custom archive template and named it archive-flash_devices.php but it doesn't seem to be linking properly and nothing happens.
Thanks so much for your help!