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Glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness, affects some 70 million people, including four million Americans. As Americans age, the problem is expected to worsen in the U.S. There's stronger hope of progress in the fight against glaucoma, thanks to funding from the Caltech Innovation Initiative, a philanthropically funded internal grant program designed to provide research funds to high-risk but potentially high-reward projects that could produce disruptive technologies with practical applications in the marketplace. With Caltech Innovation Initiative seed funds, Caltech electrical engineer Hyuck Choo is developing a device that could accelerate progress on glaucoma research in addition to helping patients monitor their own optical health.
The key research and clinical tool for glaucoma is intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring. But presently available IOP monitoring technologies are so cumbersome and limited that researchers studying animal models have to use anesthesia and extreme care to achieve acceptable accuracies, and patients can only get periodic snapshots of their pressure at their doctor's office. So far, most approaches to this problem have focused on development of microelectronic implantable sensors, but the sensors are too big for more than 90 percent of the animal species used in glaucoma research. Glaucoma patients themselves may object to such large sensors (1–3 mm in diameter) because of their visibility and interference with eye function.
Choo has pioneered a new approach, using precise nanophotonic engineering to create an implantable IOP monitoring system 10 to 30 times smaller than previously used sensors. In the first year of Caltech Innovation Initiative support, his group has completed the first device simulations and designs, developed a fabrication process, and begun fabrication. They have also built a measurement setup and obtained initial measurements that correspond with their expectations.
To: The Caltech CommunityFrom: Fiona Harrison, Benjamin M. Rosen Professor of Physics and Astronomy, and Chair, Faculty Search Committee; and David Lee, Chair, Board of Trustees, and Chair, Trustee Selection Committee
Today it is our great privilege to announce the appointment of Thomas F. Rosenbaum as the ninth president of the California Institute of Technology.
Dr. Rosenbaum, 58, is currently the John T. Wilson Distinguished Service Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago, where he has served as the university's provost for the past seven years. As a distinguished physicist and expert on condensed matter physics, Dr. Rosenbaum has explored the quantum mechanical nature of materials, making major contributions to the understanding of matter near absolute zero, where such quantum mechanical effects dominate. His experiments in quantum phase transitions in matter are recognized as having played a key role in placing these transitions on a theoretical level equivalent to that which has been developed for classical systems.
But Dr. Rosenbaum's scientific achievements were not solely what captured and held the attention of those involved in the presidential search. We on the search committee were impressed by Dr. Rosenbaum's deep dedication, as Chicago's provost, to both undergraduate and graduate education—both critical parts of Caltech's mission. He has had responsibility for an unusually broad range of institutions and intellectual endeavors. Among his achievements as provost was the establishment of the Institute for Molecular Engineering in 2011, the University of Chicago's very first engineering program, in collaboration with Argonne National Lab.
We also believe that Dr. Rosenbaum's focus on strengthening the intellectual ties between the University of Chicago and Argonne National Lab will serve him well in furthering the Caltech-JPL relationship.
As provost, Dr. Rosenbaum was also instrumental in establishing collaborative educational programs serving communities around Chicago's Hyde Park campus, including the university's founding of a four-campus charter school that was originally designed to further fundamental research in education but which has also achieved extraordinary college placement results for disadvantaged Chicago youths.
This successful conclusion to our eight-month presidential search was result of the hard work of the nine-member Faculty Search Committee, chaired by Fiona Harrison, and the 10-member Trustee Selection Committee, chaired by David Lee. We are grateful both to the trustees and faculty on our two committees who made our job so very easy as well as to those faculty, students, staff, and alumni who provided us with input and wisdom as we scoured the country for just the right person for our Caltech.
"Tom embodies all the qualities the faculty committee hoped to find in our next president," Harrison says. "He is a first-rate scholar and someone who understands at a deep level the commitment to fundamental inquiry that characterizes Caltech. He is also the kind of ambitious leader who will develop the faculty's ideas into the sorts of innovative ventures that will maintain Caltech's position of prominence in the next generation of science and technology."
"The combination of deep management experience and visionary leadership Tom brings will serve Caltech extremely well in the coming years," Lee adds. "The Board is excited about collaborating closely with Tom to propel the Institute to new levels of scientific leadership."
"The Caltech community's palpable and deep commitment to the Institute came through in all my conversations, and it forms the basis for Caltech's and JPL's lasting impact," Dr. Rosenbaum says. "It will be a privilege to work closely with faculty, students, staff, and trustees to explore new opportunities, building on Caltech's storied accomplishments."
Dr. Rosenbaum received his bachelor's degree in physics with honors from Harvard University in 1977, and both an MA and PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1979 and 1982, respectively. He did research at Bell Laboratories and at IBM Watson Research Center before joining the University of Chicago's faculty in 1983. Dr. Rosenbaum directed the university's Materials Research Laboratory from 1991 to 1994 and its interdisciplinary James Franck Institute from 1995 to 2001 before serving as vice president for research and for Argonne National Laboratory from 2002 to 2006. He was named the university's provost in 2007. His honors include an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, a Presidential Young Investigator Award, and the William McMillan Award for "outstanding contributions to condensed matter physics." Dr. Rosenbaum is an elected fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Joining the Caltech faculty will be Dr. Rosenbaum's spouse, Katherine T. Faber, the Walter P. Murphy Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University. Dr. Faber's research focuses on understanding stress fractures in ceramics, as well as on the fabrication of ceramic materials with controlled porosity, which are important as thermal and environmental barrier coatings for engine components. Dr. Faber is also the codirector of the Northwestern University-Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS), which employs advanced materials science techniques for art history and restoration. Dr. Rosenbaum and Dr. Faber have two sons, Daniel, who graduated from the University of Chicago in 2012, and Michael, who is currently a junior there.
Dr. Rosenbaum will succeed Jean-Lou Chameau, who served the Institute from 2006 to 2013, and will take over the helm from interim president and provost Ed Stolper on July 1, 2014. The board, the search committee, and, indeed, the entire Institute owes Dr. Stolper a debt of gratitude for his unwavering commitment to Caltech, and for seamlessly continuing the Institute's forward momentum through his interim presidency.
As you meet Dr. Rosenbaum today and over the coming months, and learn more about his vision for Caltech's future, we believe that you will quickly come to see why he is so well suited to guide Caltech as we continue to pursue bold investigations in science and engineering, to ready the next generation of scientific and thought leaders, and to benefit humankind through research that is integrated with education.
DALE is nearly ready to face the judges. The Dynamic Augmented Living Environment, Caltech's collaboration with the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc) is now on-site at the Department of Energy's 2013 Solar Decathlon competition site in Irvine, California.
The SCI-Arc/Caltech team has been planning DALE, its unique and completely solar-powered home, since its competition proposal was accepted in January 2012, along with proposals from 19 other American and international teams. Nearly 40 Caltech students participated in the design process, most of which took place in an engineering project course called Introduction to Multidisciplinary Systems Engineering, and offered during the 2012-2013 academic year. Of the students in this course, taught by Melany Hunt, Dotty and Dick Hayman Professor of Mechanical Engineering and a vice provost, seven stayed on, spending their summer actually building the sustainable house.
Once the majority of construction was complete in late September, the SCI-Arc/Caltech team had to pack up DALE and physically move the entire house from its construction site on the SCI-Arc campus in downtown Los Angeles more than 40 miles south to Orange County Great Park in Irvine, where this year's competition will be held starting on October 3.
While some of DALE's competitors had to employ the use of large cranes to transport their entries or coordinate weeks-long international transportation to the competition site, project manager Andrew Gong (BS '12) says that DALE only spent about three-and-a-half hours in transit. "We picked up DALE with a heavy-duty forklift and placed it on long trucks," Gong says. "And there wasn't any damage other than expected small scrapes to the bottom from the forks."
DALE's design consists of two configurable, box-like modules—one kitchen and bathroom module, and one living and sleeping space module—that can move together or apart. When in the open configuration, DALE's design exploits the ambient outdoor temperature to heat or cool the house, helping to maintain a comfortable temperature within the house without using extra energy for heating and air-conditioning. This moving house was designed with sustainability in mind, but the modules also made it easier for team DALE to truck its house down the interstate to Irvine. "Since the house is composed of modules, it was actually fairly simple to pack up and ship. The main issue was just making sure everything got packed on time," Gong says.
The SCI-Arc/Caltech collaboration is one of 20 teams in the Department of Energy competition, each challenged to design and build affordable, attractive, energy-efficient houses that have the comforts of modern living but are powered only by the sun. As the name "Solar Decathlon" implies, teams will compete for the best total number of points in 10 contests. A panel of experts will use the contests to judge and score the entries based on features ranging from architecture and market appeal to affordability and each house's ability to host a movie night—called the Home Entertainment Contest.
The SCI-Arc/Caltech team wants DALE to score well in the overall competition, but the Caltech team members hope they score especially well in one particular aspect: the Engineering Contest. In this contest, a jury made up of professional engineers will judge each house based on the home's functionality, efficiency, innovation, reliability, and project documentation. "In 2011, with CHIP—our first Solar Decathlon entry—we came in second place. With DALE, we took that second place as a challenge," says Gong, "because now we have to get first, obviously!"
To optimize DALE's energy efficiency, the Caltech members of the team spent months calculating and modeling the home's likely energy usage during the competition. Thirty years of Orange County weather data were used to predict heating and air-conditioning needs for the October competition. "The contests are held on different days of the competition, and we based the energy budget on the contests we will have on a given day: the cooking contest, movie night, heating and air-conditioning test, etc.," Gong says. "With our competition energy budget, we then modeled out the performance required from the solar panels to meet that energy demand," Gong says.
According to their calculations, DALE's oversized solar panels will allow the house to be net-zero during the decathlon—meaning it will produce as much energy as it consumes. And in the future, if the house was used in the longer daylight hours of summer, DALE could produce far more energy than it uses, Gong adds.
The SCI-Arc/Caltech team also designed an energy-saving mobile app for DALE that would allow its owner to monitor the home's real-time energy supply and consumption and take steps to use less energy. "As a team, we are aiming to create a house that is not only energy efficient by itself, but also encourages the inhabitants to live a greener lifestyle," Caltech electrical engineering student Do Hee Kim says on the DALE website. "We have made it simple for homeowners to execute these actions by having the ability to remotely turn on and off home appliances," Kim says.
Visitors will be able to interact with DALE and explore its innovative features during public viewings scheduled for October 3–6 and 10–13 from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. In addition, visitors arriving at 2:30 will get to see the home reconfigured in real time, a feature that sets DALE apart from the other Solar Decathlon entries. The winners will be announced on October 12, and just a few days later, the team will pack up for the move back to Los Angeles. After the competition, DALE will be displayed at the SCI-Arc campus.
And for any house hunters visiting the competition, the SCI-Arc/Caltech team has good news: DALE is for sale and can be delivered to a new owner. Although the Department of Energy provides a limited amount of seed money for Solar Decathlon teams, fundraising is necessary to cover the actual costs of production; funds from the sale of the home will go to recoup some this year's competition costs and could also help support an entry bid for the 2015 Solar Decathlon.
For the third year in a row, the California Institute of Technology has been rated the world's number one university in the Times Higher Education global ranking of the top 200 universities.
Harvard University, Oxford University, Stanford University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology round out the top five schools in the 2013–2014 rankings.
Times Higher Education compiled the listing using the same methodology as in the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 surveys. Thirteen performance indicators representing research (worth 30 percent of a school's overall ranking score), teaching (30 percent), citations (30 percent), international outlook (which includes the total numbers of international students and faculty and the ratio of scholarly papers with international collaborators, 7.5 percent), and industry income (a measure of innovation, 2.5 percent) make up the data. The data were collected, analyzed, and verified by Thomson Reuters.
The Times Higher Education site has the full list of the world's top 400 schools and all of the performance indicators.
A group of researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has created the optical equivalent of a tuning fork—a device that can help steady the electrical currents needed to power high-end electronics and stabilize the signals of high-quality lasers. The work marks the first time that such a device has been miniaturized to fit on a chip and may pave the way to improvements in high-speed communications, navigation, and remote sensing.
"When you're tuning a piano, a tuning fork gives a standardized pitch, or reference sound frequency; in optical resonators the 'pitch' corresponds to the color, or wavelength, of the light. Our device provides a consistent light frequency that improves both optical and electronic devices when it is used as a reference," says Kerry Vahala, Ted and Ginger Jenkins Professor of Information Science and Technology and Applied Physics. Vahala is also executive officer for applied physics and materials science and an author on the study describing this new work, published in the journal Nature Communications.
A good tuning fork controls the release of its acoustical energy, ringing just one pitch at a particular sound frequency for a long time; this sustaining property is called the quality factor. Vahala and his colleagues transferred this concept to their optical resonator, focusing on the optical quality factor and other elements that affect frequency stability.
The researchers were able to stabilize the light's frequency by developing a silica glass chip resonator with a specially designed path for the photons in the shape of what is called an Archimedean spiral. "Using this shape allows the longest path in the smallest area on a chip. We knew that if we made the photons travel a longer path, the whole device would become more stable," says Hansuek Lee, a senior researcher in Vahala's lab and lead author on the paper.
Frequency instability stems from energy surges within the optical resonator—which are unavoidable due to the laws of thermodynamics. Because the new resonator has a longer path, the energy changes are diluted, so the power surges are dampened—greatly improving the consistency and quality of the resonator's reference signal, which, in turn, improves the quality of the electronic or optical device.
In the new design, photons are applied to an outer ring of the spiraled resonator with a tiny light-dispensing optic fiber; the photons subsequently travel around four interwoven Archimedean spirals, ultimately closing the path after traveling more than a meter in an area about the size of a quarter—a journey 100 times longer than achieved in previous designs. In combination with the resonator, a special guide for the light was used, losing 100 times less energy than the average chip-based device.
In addition to its use as a frequency reference for lasers, a reference cavity could one day play a role equivalent to that of the ubiquitous quartz crystal in electronics. Most electronics systems use a device called an oscillator to provide power at very precise frequencies. In the past several years, optical-based oscillators—which require optical reference cavities—have become better than electronic oscillators at delivering stable microwave and radio frequencies. While these optical oscillators are currently too large for use in small electronics, there is an effort under way to miniaturize their key subcomponents—like Vahala's chip-based reference cavity.
"A miniaturized optical oscillator will represent a shift in the traditional roles of photonics and electronics. Currently, electronics perform signal processing while photonics rule in transporting information from one place to another over fiber-optic cable. Eventually, oscillators in high-performance electronics systems, while outwardly appearing to be electronic devices, will internally be purely optical," Vahala says.
"The technology that Kerry and his group have introduced opens a new avenue to move precision optical frequency sources out of the lab and onto a compact, robust and integrable silicon-based platform," says Scott Diddams, physicist and project leader at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, recent Moore Distinguished Scholar at Caltech and a coauthor on the study. "It opens up many new and unexplored options for building systems that could have greater impact to 'real-world' applications," Diddams says.
The paper, titled "Spiral resonators for on-chip laser frequency stabilization," was published online in Nature Communications on September 17. Other Caltech coauthors on the study include graduate students Myoung Gyun Suh and Tong Chen (PhD '13), and postdoctoral scholar Jiang Li (PhD '13). The project was in collaboration with Caltech startup company hQphotonics. This work was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; the Caltech's Kavli Nanoscience Institute; and the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
When termites munch on wood, the small bits are delivered to feed a community of unique microbes living in their guts, and in a complex process involving multiple steps, these microbes turn the hard, fibrous material into a nutritious meal for the termite host. One key step uses hydrogen to convert carbon dioxide into organic carbon—a process called acetogenesis—but little is known about which gut bacteria play specific roles in the process. Utilizing a variety of experimental techniques, researchers from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have now discovered a previously unidentified bacterium—living on the surface of a larger microorganism in the termite gut—that may be responsible for most gut acetogenesis.
"In the termite gut, you have several hundred different species of microbes that live within a millimeter of one another. We know certain microbes are present in the gut, and we know microbes are responsible for certain functions, but until now, we didn't have a good way of knowing which microbes are doing what," says Jared Leadbetter, professor of environmental microbiology at Caltech, in whose laboratory much of the research was performed. He is also an author of a paper about the work published the week of September 16 in the online issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Acetogenesis is the production of acetate (a source of nutrition for termites) from the carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated by gut protozoa as they break down decaying wood. In their study of "who is doing what and where," Leadbetter and his colleagues searched the entire pool of termite gut microbes to identify specific genes from organisms responsible for acetogenesis.
The researchers began by sifting through the microbes' RNA—genetic information that can provide a snapshot of the genes active at a certain point in time. Using RNA from the total pool of termite gut microbes, they searched for actively transcribed formate dehydrogenase (FDH) genes, known to encode a protein necessary for acetogenesis. Next, using a method called multiplex microfluidic digital polymerase chain reaction (digital PCR), the researchers sequestered the previously unstudied individual microbes into tiny compartments to identify the actual microbial species carrying each of the FDH genes. Some of the FDH genes were found in types of bacteria known as spirochetes—a previously predicted source of acetogenesis. Yet it appeared that these spirochetes alone could not account for all of the acetate produced in the termite gut.
Initially, the Caltech researchers were unable to identify the microorganism expressing the single most active FDH gene in the gut. However, the first authors on the study, Adam Rosenthal, a postdoctoral scholar in biology at Caltech, and Xinning Zhang (PhD '10, Environmental Science and Engineering), noticed that this gene was more abundant in the portion of the gut extract containing wood chunks and larger microbes, like protozoans. After analyzing the chunkier gut extract, they discovered that the single most active FDH gene was encoded by a previously unstudied species from a group of microbes known as the deltaproteobacteria. This was the first evidence that a substantial amount of acetate in the gut may be produced by a non-spirochete.
Because the genes from this deltaproteobacterium were found in the chunky particulate matter of the termite gut, the researchers thought that perhaps the newly identified microbe attaches to the surface of one of the chunks. To test this hypothesis, the researchers used a color-coded visualization method called hybridization chain reaction-fluorescent in situ hybridization, or HCR-FISH.
The technique—developed in the laboratory of Niles Pierce, professor of applied and computational mathematics and bioengineering at Caltech, and a coauthor on the PNAS study—allowed the researchers to simultaneously "paint" cells expressing both the active FDH gene and a gene identifying the deltoproteobacterium with different fluorescent colors simultaneously. "The microfluidics experiment suggested that the two colors should be expressed in the same location and in the same tiny cell," Leadbetter says. And, indeed, they were. "Through this approach, we were able to actually see where the new deltaproteobacterium resided. As it turns out, the cells live on the surface of a very particular hydrogen-producing protozoan."
This association between the two organisms makes sense based on what is known about the complex food web of the termite gut, Leadbetter says. "Here you have a large eukaryotic single cell—a protozoan—which is making hydrogen as it degrades wood, and you have these much smaller hydrogen-consuming deltaproteobacteria attached to its surface," he says. "So, this new acetogenic bacterium is snuggled up to its source of hydrogen just as close as it can get."
This intimate relationship, Leadbetter says, might never have been discovered relying on phylogenetic inference—the standard method for matching a function to a specific organism. "Using phylogenetic inference, we say, 'We know a lot about this hypothetical organism's relatives, so without ever seeing the organism, we're going to make guesses about who it is related to," he says. "But with the techniques in this study, we found that our initial prediction was wrong. Importantly, we have been able to determine the specific organism responsible and a location of the mystery organism, both of which appear to be extremely important in the consumption of hydrogen and turning it into a product the insect can use." These results not only identify a new source for acetogenesis in the termite gut—they also reveal the limitations of making predictions based exclusively on phylogenetic relationships.
Other Caltech coauthors on the paper titled "Localizing transcripts to single cells suggests an important role of uncultured deltaproteobacteria in the termite gut hydrogen economy," are graduate student Kaitlyn S. Lucey (environmental science and engineering), Elizabeth A. Ottesen (PhD '08, biology), graduate student Vikas Trivedi (bioengineering), and research scientist Harry M. T. Choi (PhD '10, bioengineering). This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Programmable Molecular Technology Center within the Beckman Institute at Caltech, a Donna and Benjamin M. Rosen Center Bioengineering scholarship, and the Center for Environmental Microbial Interactions at Caltech.
During the past century, programmable technologies evolved from spinning gears and vacuum tubes to transistors and microchips. Now, a group of Caltech researchers and their colleagues at the University of Washington, Harvard University, and UC San Francisco are exploring how biologically important molecules—like DNA, RNA, and proteins—could be the next generation of programmable devices.
Erik Winfree, professor of computer science, computation, and neural systems, and bioengineering, along with collaborators at Caltech and the University of Washington, began the Molecular Programming Project (MPP) in 2008, as part of an NSF Expeditions in Computing award to develop practices for programming biomolecules—much like a computer code—to perform designated functions. Over the past five years, the researchers have programmed DNA to carry out a number of tasks, from solving basic math and pattern-recognition problems to more mechanical tasks like programming RNA and DNA to selectively amplify fluorescent signals for biological microscopy. Through these initial experiments, the researchers have shown that it is possible to systematically encode specialized tasks within DNA molecules.
"Computer science gave us this idea that many tasks can actually be done with different types of devices," Winfree says. For example, a 19th-century cash register and a 21st-century computer can both be used to calculate sums, though they perform the same task very differently. At first glance, writing a computer program and programming a DNA molecule may seem like very different endeavors, but "each one provides a systematic way of implementing automated behaviors, and they are both based on similar principles of information technology," Winfree says.
Expanding the team to include five additional faculty who bring expertise in structural and dynamic DNA nanotechnology, synthetic biology, computer-aided design, programming languages, and compilers, Winfree and his colleagues recently received a second Expeditions in Computing award to take their work in molecular programming to the next level: from proof-of-principle demonstrations to putting the technology in the hands of users in biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science.
The researchers aim to use molecular programming to establish general-purpose, reliable, and easy-to-use methods for engineering complex nanoscale systems from biomolecules. In the hands of users, these methods could be used to create novel self-assembling electronic and optical devices, powerful nanoscale tools for the study of biology, and programmable molecular circuits for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. In one application, the researchers hope to program DNA molecules to carry out recognition and logical circuitry for exquisitely targeted drug delivery, thus reducing drug side effects and increasing efficacy.
Today, the largest synthetic molecular programs—human-designed sequences of the A, T, C, and G bases that make up DNA—contain on the order of 60,000 bases. "That's comparable to the amount of RAM memory in my first computer, a 1983 Apple II+," says Winfree. Designed systems in the future will only become more complex, a challenge that MPP researchers aim to tackle by approaching biological systems with something computer scientists call the abstraction hierarchy.
"In some sense computer science is the art of managing complexity, because you design things that have billions of components, but a single person simply cannot understand all the details and interactions," he says. "Abstraction is a way of hiding a component's details while making it easy to incorporate into higher-order components—which, themselves, can also be abstracted. For example, you don't need to know the details of a multiplication circuit in order to use it to make a circuit for factoring." In the molecular world, the task might be different—like transporting a molecular cargo to a designated location—but abstraction is still essential for combining simpler systems into larger ones to perform tasks of greater complexity.
"Over the next several decades, the MPP seeks to develop the principles and practice for a new engineering discipline that will enable the function of molecules to be programmed with the ease and rigor that computers are today, while achieving the sophistication, complexity, and robustness evident in the programmable DNA, RNA, and protein machinery of biology," says Niles Pierce, professor of applied and computational mathematics and bioengineering at Caltech and member of the MPP.
To integrate these fields, the MPP has brought together an interdisciplinary team of computer scientists, chemists, electrical engineers, physicists, roboticists, mathematicians, and bioengineers—all of whom have a strong research interest in the intersection of information, biology, and the molecular world. The team will explore the potential of molecular programming from many perspectives.
"Because of the diverse expertise that is required to work on these challenges, the participating students and faculty come from an unusual array of fields," Pierce says. "It's a lot of fun to be in a room with this group of people to see where the discussions lead."
The 2013 Expeditions award was granted for the proposal "Molecular Programming Architectures, Abstractions, Algorithms, and Applications." Winfree and Pierce are joined on the project by four other collaborators at Caltech: Jehoshua (Shuki) Bruck, Gordon and Betty Moore Professor of Computation and Neural Systems and Electrical Engineering; Richard Murray, Thomas E. and Doris Everhart Professor of Control and Dynamical Systems and Bioengineering; Lulu Qian, assistant professor of bioengineering; and Paul Rothemund, senior research associate in bioengineering, computing and mathematical sciences, and computation and neural systems. Other collaborators include Eric Klavins and Georg Seelig from the University of Washington, Peng Yin and William Shih from Harvard, and Shawn Douglas from UC San Francisco.
To expand its involvement in online learning, the California Institute of Technology will offer courses through the online education platform edX beginning this October.
The edX course platform is an online learning initiative launched in 2012 by founding partners Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Caltech's rigorous online course offerings will join those of 28 other prestigious colleges and universities in the edX platform's "xConsortium."
This new partnership with edX comes one year after Caltech offered three courses through the online learning platform Coursera in fall 2012. The Institute will now offer courses through both platforms.
"Coursera and edX have some foundational differences which are of interest to the faculty," says Cassandra Horii, director of teaching and learning programs at Caltech. Both organizations offer their courses at no cost to participating students; edX, however, operates as a nonprofit and plans to partner with only a small number of institutions, whereas Coursera—a for-profit, self-described "social entrepreneurship company"—partners with many institutions and state university systems.
The two platforms also emphasize different learning strategies, says Horii. "Coursera has a strong organizational principle built around lectures, so a lot of the interactivity is tied right into the video," she says. Though edX still enables the use of video lectures, a student can customize when he or she would like to take quizzes and use learning resources. In addition, edX allows faculty to embed a variety of learning materials—like textbook chapters, discussions, diagrams, and tables—directly into the platform's layout.
In the future, data collected from both platforms could provide valuable information about how students best learn certain material, especially in the sciences. "Caltech occupies this advanced, really rigorous scientific education space, and in general our interest in these online courses is to maintain that rigor and quality," Horii says. "So, with these learning data, we have some potential contributions to make to the general understanding of learning in this niche that we occupy."
Even before joining edX and Coursera, Caltech had already become an example in the growing trend of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Yaser Abu-Mostafa, professor of electrical engineering and computer science, developed his own MOOC on machine learning, called "Learning from Data," and offered it on YouTube and iTunes U beginning in April 2012.
Since its debut, Abu-Mostafa's MOOC has reached more than 200,000 participants, and it received mention in the NMC Horizon Report: 2013 Higher Education Edition—the latest edition of an annual report highlighting important trends in higher education. The course will be offered again in fall 2013 on iTunes U, and is now also open for enrollment in edX.
Although Caltech is now actively exploring several outlets for online learning, the Institute's commitment to educational outreach is not a recent phenomenon. In the early 1960s, Caltech physicist Richard Feynman reorganized the Institute's introductory physics course, incorporating contemporary research topics and making the course more engaging for students. His lectures were recorded and eventually incorporated into a widely popular physics book, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, which has sold millions of copies in a dozen languages.
Continuing in the tradition set by Feynman, the MOOCs at Caltech seek to provide a high-quality learning environment that is rigorous but accessible. "No dumbing down of courses for popular consumption . . . no talking over people's heads either; at Caltech, we explain things well because we understand them well," adds Abu-Mostafa.
More information on Caltech's online learning opportunities is available on the Online Education website.


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Tennessee's Holly Warlick says she has spoken with the father of guard Diamond DeShields and they've smoothed things over after he criticized the coach on social media.
Former Oriole Delino DeShields made several tweets Monday during the No. 24 Lady Vols' 62-56 loss to No. 3 South Carolina questioning why his daughter wasn't playing more.
He tweeted that Warlick was "trying to beat the best without her best players on the court."
On Tuesday, he apologized on Twitter. Most of the tweets have been removed.
Warlick said Wednesday that "everything's fine."

subset: commoncrawl


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It's no longer all burgers and fries in the US, but instead there's a fresh, vibrant and evolving food culture they can be proud of.
The last couple weeks I've been running through Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and the standard of cooking really has blown me away.
Cumbria is without question my favourite part of England, and if you've never been, Christmas is a magical time to go.
Honey is one of Malta's most treasured products and I'm lucky enough to be given the opportunity to meet its master, Arnold Grech.
No holiday (of mine, anyway) is ever complete without checking out the local fruit and veg talent. Here are a few things that caught my eye.
Denmark was possibly the smallest country I had run through on my route, but the welcome of food and accommodation was the biggest by far!
Our editor has a root around in his cupboard to create this French classic with two beautiful lobster in what is very much a Jim experiment.
We can learn a lot from the French; maybe not how to conduct warfare or how to look after one's monarchy, but food? Perhaps.


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I have a single-line command that does a curl request to check server status and then output the result to a log file. But the problem is the returned result has no line break and so the log file messes up when the command writes to the log file the next time around.
curl -s "http://myserver.com/api?param=1¶m=2" | sudo tee -a /var/log/myserver.log
I like to keep this to a single-line command. Any suggestion is welcome. Thank you for your time.


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BabyLit Art
1 hour ago
I use AR as well and I had no idea they made labels for you! I will use this in the future for sure! Thanks for the tip!
Rambling About Reading
Nice, i really like it.if you enjoy our site as if you pla t follow: http://www.robesdemariee2013.com/
thanks for this reading tip and read this tips is meaning full .
fiction books


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Hi there,
Seeing as this awesome plugin seems to cover off on all security related issues you'd want to (without being too obsessive compulsive about things) would you consider (in your opinion) using it in conjunction with another security related plugin (WordFence for example) as being possible overkill?
No judgement on the merits of any other security plugins required, just your opinion on using BulletProof with other security plugins & whether or not you'd 'think' it necessary.
I personally would prefer to just use one (yours), for a whole host of reasons.


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When Edward Schuyler, a modest and bookish sixty-two-year-old science teacher, is widowed, he finds himself ambushed by female attention. There are plenty of unattached women around, but a healthy, handsome, available man is a rare and desirable creature. Edward receives phone calls from widows seeking love, or at least lunch, while well-meaning friends try to set him up at dinner parties. Even an attractive married neighbor offers herself to him. The problem is that Edward doesn t feel available. He's still mourning his beloved wife, Bee, and prefers solitude and the familiar routine of work, gardening, and bird-watching. But then his stepchildren surprise him by placing a personal ad in the" New York Review of Books" on his behalf. Soon the letters flood in, and Edward is torn between his loyalty to Bee's memory and his growing longing for connection. Gradually, reluctantly, he begins dating ( dating after death, as one correspondent puts it), and his encounters are variously startling, comical, and sad. Just when Edward thinks he has the game figured out, a chance meeting proves that love always arrives when it's least expected.
About the Author
Hilma Wolitzer is the author of several novels, including "Hearts", "Ending", and "Tunnel of Love". She is the recipient of Guggenheim and NEA Fellowships, an Award in Literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the Barnes & Noble Writer for Writers Award. She has taught at the University of Iowa, New York University, and Columbia University. She lives in New York City.
Fred Sullivan has played over one hundred roles as an award-winning resident actor at Trinity Repertory Company in Providence, Rhode Island. He is resident director at Gamm Theatre and teaches acting at the Rhode Island School of Design.


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Apple's iPad Mini event is today, livestream information herein
Apple will livestream what is presumed to be the reveal of the iPad Mini today. It all kicks off at 1.00pm EDT/6.00pm UK and you can watch it live through here. We'll update you with any nifty announcements on the tablet.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


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I've read some information, far from the expert as to what goes on in the NY/PA Marcellus region. NPR had an interesting take on this yesterday which in essence states:These deals that NRGY is trying to accomplish with all the local opposition gets done. These are state, not local, regulated. It will take some time and the regulators will let the folks vent but eventually, NRGY will come out smelling like a rose...But the regulators will have to ask Beefstu first....ha!
If you own this one, you are in a world of hurt this AM!
Have nothing news wise to add. Just hope you are right and our patience in staying with this MLP will be rewarded.
Don't have to ask me anything.I've already stated my opinion and every day like today where the Dow is up 230 points and soaring and this "stock" if you can even call it that continues to shed share price reinforces that opinion.Nuff said (again).


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When the Dallas Cowboys take on the St. Louis Rams in Week 3, both teams will try to get over the .500 mark.
The Cowboys have had so many great weapons on offense for years now. The Rams have put together a great defensive core and will do their best to lock down the Cowboys' many weapons.
Take a look as NFL analysts Aaron Nagler and Matt Bowen break down the game and give you their picks to win. Who do you think wins this one? Let us know in the comments below!


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Randall's Appoints Brown Corporate VP named corporate vice president of food service for Randall's Food Markets here. It is a new position. Brown, previously merchandiser of deli-bakery for Dallas-based Tom Thumb Food & Drugs, a division of Randall's, reports to Randall Onstead Jr., president and chief operating officer. Brown joined Tom Thumb in 1957 as a stocker and has held several positions of increasing responsibility since then, including store manager and zone manager. In his ...
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General Message Board
My Position Eligibility Email to Yahoo
Here is what I just emailed to Yahoo. Please show your support if you agree...
Dear Yahoo,
This is absurd.
I'm not sure what goes into account when the person in charge of position eligibility makes changes, but seriously who the hell is Mike Duco and why would he get another position before someone like Zetterberg who has been listed as LW in Research since October, and has been playing that position since that time too? Are we going to give more positions to the 500 other no-names of the league before him? What about Backes, who is listed as C and plays C put still only has RW.
I find it absolutely absurd that these random players are being given position eligibility; most of them have ownership rates of 0-2%. How does that make any sort of sense? Your system is absolutely ridiculous and I want to know exactly what this position eligibility person is thinking, and how they go about making these calls.
Mike Duco? Joe Kalinsky? Really? Who the hell cares about them? Give us position eligibility for players that matter (preferably those with ownership rates higher than 0%), not these plugs that spend a game in the NHL before being sent back to god know where.
Snap to it. Get to the real deal here, half the season has been played and you people make those schmucks over at ESPN look like geniuses.Sort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
It is very unlikely that any action will be taken in this season.
Sir Thunder Sir Thunder Dec 28, 2010 10:24 AM Flag
That's so funny. In one of my posts yesterday I said they would probably add C eligibility to Jeff Skinner because of his whopping 448 faceoffs the entire season.... and guess what... sometime last night they added C to Jeff Skinner.
That actually makes him much more valuable....Still Backes (521 faceoffs), Giroux (over 400), Briere (over 400) still haven't been changed. Surely the evidence suggests they are more deserving?
I watched the Rangers play last night and Dubinsky was on LW with Drury, so they should probably upgrade him too. One game makes a left winger, but 80 games, doesnt....
Finally, I read a post where somebody lauded the data provider for working hard to give free services... I agree with that.... I suppose it's easy to be critical but if they are working for free, I applaud that. However, it would take very little research to figure out Backes....
The best one is if you go to a penguins game (or have in the last 3 years) Malkin is listed as...RW. He only plays as a center what, 5% of the time and when he plays in the olympics every 4 years for team Russia?
Sir Thunder Sir Thunder Dec 27, 2010 4:17 PM Flag
Absolutely agree.
Forgive me if I repeat some of the comments by other posters... I have not yet had the opportunity to review those posts.
That said, I have been campaigning for a Backes position eligibility update (to Center) for the better part of the last half-year. Backes took over 500 faceoffs last season. He has taken 521 thus far this year and is 32nd in the league. Of course, his value is dramatically increased as a C/RW and not just a RW. The evidence clearly demonstrates he should be updated.
Other players like Eberle, Ennis et al have been updated notwithstanding they have taken almost no faceoffs or spent time at center. Zetterberg was properly updated, but Backes, Giroux and Briere -- who have done more faceoff work than Henrik are still not properly updated. Other players, like Dubinsky, who plays a mix of LW and C done get the nod for an update (admittedly tougher to make the case for Dubinsky), but other players have been given multi-positionality on limited evidence.....
agreed. Yahoo certainly has many shortcomings that need to be corrected
- 1 Reply to muttenus
Admiral Cowpollock Admiral Cowpollock Feb 14, 2010 9:53 AM Flag
Hey Jay you're slacking off.
Post a summary of the complaint and the URL of this thread in the comments sections of the Yahoo FH columns e.g. the Skinny and Big Board.
Yahoo columnists who write those are in the Yahoo Friends and Family League -- they play fantasy hockey. Romig, Pianowski, Behrens. I would suppose they face the same position eligibility restrictions.
Let's get this fixed. It's not right that Yahoo gives position eligibility control to the "data provider," which obviously doesn't care and screws up info in all Yahoo fantasy sports.
A Yahoo! User Feb 14, 2010 9:28 AM Flag
couldn't say it any better.Good job hope yahoo does something about this there is alot of positions that need to be added to random players
NJD Recognize NJD Recognize Feb 13, 2010 12:35 PM Flag
Straight forward, to the point... I like it.
I agree 100%...I own David Backes myself and i've been wondering the exact same thing. I don't understand what the criteria is, and how they can give position eligibility to random kids who aren't even in the NHL. Its really frustrating because if Backes had dual eligibility around midseason after he'd already played maybe 30 games at Center, I would have gotten a few more man games that could have made the difference between one or two points.
The Natural The Natural Jan 12, 2010 10:32 PM Flag
couldn't agree more
- 1 Reply to The Natural
Whoever the data provider is they don't really care who plays what position. I was listening to Hitchcock the Columbus coach talking about the Olympics and how Rick Nash will most likely be playing LW for Canada. He went on to say that would be a bit of an adjustment for him because he's been playing RW with the jackets for the last 3 YEARS. Whereas some players play one shift at another position and they're duel.
Another example is Alex Burrows who has been a RW for far less only 1 year I guess if he continues to play RW for a couple more seasons he might get listed as one.
i agree 2 yahoo is slacking.
- View More Messages
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This is not lying on one's side and leaning your leg over!
The Sidelying Release (SLR) relaxes and lengthens muscles supporting the pelvis–temporarily. This may ease pain in pregnancy and birth, and make room for baby. SLR comes to the birth world through the gifts of Carol Phillips, DC who teaches it in her Dynamic Body Balancing Workshops.
The SLR rewards include a temporary lengthening of the pelvic floor.
What situations is a Sidelying Release useful for:
- Stall in labor (strong contractions and no dilation or strong contractions that have spread out and reduced)
- Annoying hip or back pain in pregnancy or birth
- Sharp pain in pelvis or hips in pregnancy or birth (if this doesn't remove acute pregnancy pain seek a provider)
- Baby is in a breech, oblique, posterior position and you add this to other techniques
- Contractions with no progress
- Asynclitic head or baby's head is tipped or tilted
- Deep Transverse Arrest (baby remains facing a hip at 0 station, midway down the pelvis)
- Posterior baby
- Contractions are more painful than expected
The SLR is a star in the universe of maternal positioning for comfort and progress.
How often do I do a Sidelying Release
Do it on both sides twice a week in pregnancy and once in early labor to reduce labor pain.
How to do a Sidelying Release
This is a technique to do with a helper. A woman can do this alone with less precision, but a helper can make sure mother's hips and shoulders are stacked.
The mother chooses which side she feels more comfortable in first. Do this on BOTH sides so the pelvic floor is more even.
Use on a firm surface (I use a couch as an example). Choose a surface as long as the mother. The edge of a couch, bed, a heavy table or counter will do. A hospital bed works wonderfully, when raised a bit, during labor in the hospital. Some doulas and childbirth educators are experimenting with doing the Sidelying Release while the mother lays on the floor.
Please read the instructions below carefully. Doing it wrong doesn't work.
- Begin on the side of choice. Head is level on a pillow, not tilted. The neck is straight.
- The helper stands in front of her. The helper has their leg or hip firmly against the edge to keep the mother from tipping off!
- Holding a chair or table near the edge of the couch, the mother scoots her hip right up to 2" (5 cm) from the edge of the couch. A 3rd trimester woman's pregnant belly extends beyond the edge.
- The helper curves both palms around the edge of the mother's hip (front and top; ASIS). The helper must prevent the mother's hip from leaning forward after her leg hangs.
- The helper presses down firmly (but not as strongly as for counter pressure, about the weight of a 2-3 pound bag of beans. Slight rocking of the hip helps relax muscles.
- The mother feels straightens her lower leg. But the helper must not pull the leg straight!! Toes are up (flexed) toward her knee.
- When the helper is steady and in place (but not before!), the mother slightly lifts her leg up and over her thigh and then lets it slowly hang down in front of her. Wait 2 minutes or until leg slightly ""
Check: is her back straight? Use a box along her lower back to line up the hips. Only use the box for a second to check your alignment – but don't let go of the hip!
The top shoulder stays directly over the lower shoulder? (She can hold a chair, a table or a helper.) The top hip must stay over the lower hip! Now she is ready for the activity!
Helper: Don't let her hip lean forward! Here's the point of the Sidelying Release: Her top leg hangs forward into the air. Let the full weight of the top leg hang free. Avoid the mother's thigh so the thigh can hang freely. The mother breathes deeply and slowly. As her belly relaxes, her leg relaxes more.
How long to do a Sidelying Release
In pregnancy: Her leg hangs like this for about 2 1/2 minutes. It's ok to try it longer, but it's vital that it's done on both sides. A few people have reported holding each side for up to 20 minutes to flip a breech! In labor: Let the leg hang like this through 3 contractions and switch sides for another 3 contractions (sometimes a rest comes after 2 contractions. Between contractions, too!
It's vitally important to do both sides so that you don't create more of an imbalance!
A woman can do this alone, but a helper is very useful. If done alone, she braces herself with her arm, holding a heavy table, for instance. She has to consciously keep her hips stacked one above the other.
After we finished the left side, she got up to use the restroom. Contractions were more regular, not so close together and VERY productive. Suddenly she "had to poop!" Her water broke, she began to push and we scrambled to get things together for the hospital….I learned that I will reserve these spectacular techniques from Spinning Babies for when we're close to the delivery locale! – An anonymous doula
Is there any time you shouldn't do a Sidelying Release?
Typically safe before or throughout pregnancy, avoid if bleeding other than a normal bloody show of labor.
Avoid if recovering from hip surgery. In a well progressing labor there may be no need for SLR.
If you do the Sidelying Release do it on both sides and keep the hips straight. This is important!
Caution: Do not do any exercises, including any inversions or twists, or the Sidelying Release, if you are having cramps or pain of an undetermined origin (meaning not from labor or prodromal labor) before a physician can help determine that the pain is not related to the placenta.
Older people or people with tight legs may feel a pull on the outer leg. If sharp, stop the sidelying release and address the muscles on the outer leg with a massage stroke before repeating SLR.
Please pay attention to a pain that persists more than a few minutes. Report abdominal pain to your provider, including shoulder pain.
Stop these or other exercises immediately if the baby begins sudden, vigorous, frantic movements during the new position. Don't get upside down or do the Sidelying Release after such vigorous movements before assessment. Have the baby's heart beat assessed immediately anytime, with or without exercise in which the baby moves frantically. Don't get upside down if you have high blood pressure or are otherwise at risk of a stroke.
Frantic fetal movement or placenta pain is an unusual occurrence in any event, and extremely unusual at Spinning Babies. I have heard of one possible instance of each situation in the last ten years. There were warnings that were not understood, so listen to your body and check out unusual symptoms with your physician before trying these exercises. Meanwhile thousands of women are getting mild or dramatic benefits from the inversions and Sidelying Releases in total safety. Be confident but know when to assess.
More information if you would like more…
What is the Pelvic Floor?
Within the bony pelvis is a supportive "floor" of muscles, much like the respiratory diaphragm.
Resting, the "floor" is lifted, supporting the womb and other abdominal organs. Two openings (holes) in the pelvic floor allow the anus in the back opening, and the urethra and vagina to fit through the front one (women only!). The baby presses through the pelvic floor during childbirth. If the muscles are longer, more flexible, and balanced they open around the head with more ease than if the muscles are short, tight and twisted. Makes sense.
The pelvic floor opening is a front-to-back opening through which the baby turns, like a button going through a button hole. Up-curved sides of the opening are strong and springy and direct the head to turn.
What's the problem?
If one side of the opening is tighter than the other, or higher than the other, the asymmetrical tension can pull the pelvis out of balance. The baby can be tipped and/or rotated into an unfavorable position.
Even if the pelvic floor is evenly tight, fetal rotation or descent (coming down) can take longer than usual. The strong pelvic floor of a dancer or horseback rider may lengthen labor considerably.
Common habits of modern life can make the pelvic floor tight on one side or even twisted. Simple things like driving a car or crossing our legs, sports accidents or falls on either the head or the bum might affect the pelvic floor.
Tension or torsion in the pelvic floor makes labor longer. An uneven tightness in the pelvic floor may make the baby's head tip, causing an asynclitism (tipped head) that makes labor longer and increases the chance of cesarean or vacuum (ventouse).
What's the solution?
The Sidelying Release can help labor progress. Try it in the presence of a posterior, brow or asynclitic fetal presentation. Try it, also, when labor is taking longer or feels sharper than expected.
Tania and Alice's story, told through the emails of doula, Amy Peterson, shows how Sidelying prevents 3rd Cesarean. Many more babies and mothers can enjoy immediate skin-to-skin contact when cesareans are avoided with this technique!
Who benefits from a Sidelying Release?
- First-time mothers benefit from releasing spasm in the pelvic floor once or twice in late pregnancy.
- Ballet dancing, horseback riding and daily running strengthen the pelvic floor so much that fetal descent can be slow and birth can be much longer. This technique may shorten labor for these women.
- Women who have had previous cesarean(s) for "failure to progress" or transverse arrest may benefit from a pelvic floor release in late pregnancy.
- Women who have had posterior, breech or other less than favorable fetal positions in previous births or has a baby in an unfavorable position in their current pregnancy.
- Women with a head-down baby who kicks in her right side may benefit from the Pelvic Floor Release once a week, but there isn't harm from doing a pelvic floor more often, even daily. Women with breech, transverse, or posterior babies could do the pelvic floor release once a day.
- Women whose joints are very loose may not need it on a day-to-day basis and shouldn't do this activity daily. Since very few women are hypermobile, this would be a rare restriction.
- Women on bedrest may do this technique as part of a gentle stretching routine.
Anyone can do this technique! It's not just for pregnant or birthing women. If intercourse or elimination is painful due to a tight or twisted pelvic floor give this technique a try.
Occasionally, but not often, a woman does the Sidelying Release and gets tender or sore in the lower back, Pelvic Tilts or a Standing Sacral Release relieves the discomfort in minutes. Sometimes, but not often, older persons find the outside of the leg tight and painful when hanging the top leg. This may be a tight ligament/muscle on the outside of the leg – massage the outer leg crosswise, near the hip, a few minutes and then retry the sidelying release.
Is there any time you shouldn't do a Sidelying Release?
- If there is a history of fast births, and this one seems to repeat the ease, the Sidelying Release is probably not necessary.
- In a labor that is progressing steadily there is likely no need.
- You can ask your care provider if there is any medical reason not to do the Sidelying Release.
- Recent hip surgery and the bruising and stitches haven't healed.
- Any bleeding except for normal bloody show just before or during labor, or any threat of placental bleeding.
- If you are seeing a myofascial worker, a craniosacral therapist or chiropractor, please talk to them first about doing the Sidelying Release to be friendly and respectful. They may do this on one side only because of their opinion. Carol Phillips, DC, states to do this on both sides and that makes sense to me.
- If you don't want to!
If you do the Pelvic Floor Release do it on both sides. This is immensely important!
When to do a Sidelying Release in labor
Discomfort in pregnancy from tight, tender areas (front or back), achy hips, or achy lower back may be symptoms that a Pelvic Floor Release could offer comfort. Also, if the baby hasn't engaged by 38 weeks gestation, a Pelvic Floor Release may be helpful.
In labor, the benefits of a Sidelying Release help to overcome a stall or plateau of dilation in the presence of strong contractions. In other words, the uterus is trying — it's contracting. But the labor can't bring the baby down through the pelvic floor or can't bring baby down evenly. These are some signs:
- Labor just can't seem to get started. Contractions start and stop.
- Labor stalls at 5, 6, 7 cm or later.
- Baby's head is tipped or asynclitic.
- Baby's head is stuck sideways, halfway down the pelvis at 0 station (Transverse Arrest). In this case, follow up with the lunge or the Open-Knee-Chest position through several contractions.
Compare techniques according to pelvic station. The Sidelying Release can be used before labor, during labor contractions and between them, when baby is above the brim or down in the midpelvis. It can be used when it seems from the labor that the mother's starter is broken (which isn't true), or her contractions are strong but not bringing the baby (Or, when contractions might slow down after a period of hard, but non-progressing contractions, if the uterus gets tired of trying to move the baby).
If baby is high in the pelvis or above the pelvis, a Sidelying Release can still help. Then go to Abdominal Lift and Tuck through, but not in between, ten contractions. If that doesn't work, do brim-opening Walcher's position through, and between, three contractions. These allow the baby into the pelvic brim when the baby is -3 or higher (-2 is worth a try with Walcher's) and contractions are not able to bring the baby into the pelvis (engage the baby).
To sum it up, if baby is at a high station, Sidelying Release may help. If baby is already (well) engaged, Walcher's is not likely to help, but Sidelying likely will help when baby is at or near "0" station.
What should one be feeling when doing the Sidelying (or Pelvic Floor) Release?
A subtle stretch of some muscles. This technique stretches any of several muscles or muscle groups:
- The pelvic floor
- The piriformis and other Deep 6
- Rotators
- Adductors
- Iliotibial Band
Not all women feel something stretch, but most people feel more relaxed afterwards.
Where does one get a Sidelying Release?
A myofascial therapist can help guide you through a Sidelying Release, if you do wish for professional help.
With a little trial and error you can probably figure out how to do one at yourself and with a friend. At home or in the hospital, more and more nurses and midwives are trying — and loving — this technique!
Doing the Sidelying Release by yourself without a helper:
- Lay on your side close to the edge of the couch. Have a coffee table in front of you.
- Lay your head on your lower arm. Hold the table with your other hand.
- Make sure your hip is right on the edge of the couch! Right on the edge so that you feel that tipping forward would make you fall off. Don't tip forward!
- Straighten your lower leg. Keep your top shoulder over your lower shoulder as best you can while you hold the table (move the table first to make this easier). Keep your top hip over your other hip, this is important.
- Let your top leg hang forward into the air. Let the full weight of your top leg hang. Keep your lower leg straight. Breath deeply and slowly. Let your belly relax.
- Let your leg hang like this for 2 1/2 minutes in late pregnancy. Let your leg hang like this through 3 contractions if you are doing this in labor.
- Repeat on the other side immediately. Repeat for just as long, 1-2 minutes in pregnancy and through 3 contractions during labor.
You can also check out how to do a Diaphragmatic Release from an article in Midwifery Today. This is a complementary technique.
Gail's first experience with the Pelvic Floor/ Sidelying Release
I was taught the Side-lying Release by Carol Phillips, DC at a long birth. This first-time mother got to 4-5 cm on her 3rd day of on and off again labor. Carol arrived and showed me how to do this release. The mom went right into transition and her second stage was so smooth that the baby was crowning before anyone in the room realized she was even in the pushing stage! Her baby was in an anterior position and was not asynclitic. She simply had a really tight pelvic floor. Not everyone gets that great of pain relief from this technique, but it almost always enhances labor progress in a happy and noticeable way when done to help a stall (contractions without progress).
Dr. Carol Phillips has a video of her class learning to do the Sidelying Release on her youtube channel. Be sure to watch the entire thing as Dr. Carol corrects mistakes of the students who are doing it. Watch it here.


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Long? short? Trade for the day!
Any price points for a buy/sell?
Sentiment: Buy
Today is anybody's guess as what goes on in DC overrides any longer term fundementals or TA. That said, a short term double bottom appears around $21.65 on 5 day chart. Out a week or more, I think the trend is down, Just does not seem to be PM buying momentum. On a sarcastic note, I am about 80% cash, so that would suggest we are right at the bottom.
House is out of town, maybe the Senate as well. Likely no real news today. Seems we may finish W III of 3 today, An W IV up the next day or two
SLW and other miners will follow PM at this point. Bangsters working hard to drive PM down. IMO, we have a good chance of testing the lows again. I sold my puts last Friday and I'm easing in to a long position. Holding back plenty of cash in case I am early. The open gaps in SLW and other miners from 11Jul timeframe have my attention. We may see SLW dip below 20 again and fill that gap at 19.70. That would likely correspond with a spot price at or below 20. 20 and below spot is where big money from middle and Far East step up with significant volume. Follow the money and follow the power. GLTY!
Hold you dry powder, it is very close to BUY SLW, but not now.


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Life in Ohio, a Continuing Series
Our not-in-any-sense-cherrypicked glimpse at typical Ohioans.
Today, a routine Ohio drunk and disorderly arrest develops into a love story:
According to police, it appeared the man was trying to have a conversation with a bottle of vodka and with a customer who was standing in line. Officers said the man's speech was slurred, "his thoughts were confused and random and the conversation that he tried to convey between the bottle of vodka and the customer made no sense and was unintelligible."
Police arrested the 51-year-old for disorderly conduct and placed him in a jail holding cell to sober up. During that stay, authorities said the man began confessing his love for a urinal.


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Isaac Edward Austin (Ike)
Position: Center ▪ Shoots: Right
Height: 6-10 ▪ Weight: 255 lbs.
Born: August 18, 1969 in Gridley, California
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It's trickier than you thought, but it isn't that bad
When you edit a copy of an Expression Encoder 3 template in Visual Studio 2008 SP1 – sometimes after you make changes they don't always work as you expected the first time. So you have to debug. However debugging an EE3 Media Player template isn't as easy as pressing "F5" is Visual Studio – at least when you are trying to use SmoothStreaming content.
With smooth streaming it is more complex. The main reason for this is that the Smooth Streaming content is downloaded from the web server to the client using the HTTP: protocol. However when you launch the template from within Visual Studio 2008 – the website is launched using the FILE: protocol and as a result the HTTP: protocol isn't available to deliver packets to the client.
There are several ways to solve this problem and debug effectively. In this post I will outline one approach that has worked for me.
1) Setup a test web server. Install Windows Server 2008 and enable IIS7 and install the latest release of the IIS Media PlugIn. I recycled a several year old development machine for this – it doesn't need much capacity – since the number of users will be small. To facilitate dropping new content and new builds of the .XAPs onto the server I usually enable file sharing and share out the WWWROOT of the website.
2) Use Expression Encoder 3 to encode some Smooth Streaming test content – be sure to select a template – hopefully the one you want to debug. Once the encoding process is complete copy the entire contents of the output to a new folder under the WWWROOT. I recommend that you uncheck the "Load Content Automatically" and "Play content automatically" checkboxes in Expression Encoder – this will make debugging easier. (more on this later)
3) Start Visual Studio 2008 and load the Template.SLN file for the template you are trying to debug.
4) Launch Internet Explorer and type in the URL for the webpage just created.
5) In VS2008 use the Debug->Attach To Process command – 1st change the "Attach To" setting to "Silverlight" or "Silverlight Code". 2nd find the right process to connect to – this is a bit tricky since IE8 creates two processes – one for IE and one for the webpage. The one you want will have a blank title and say "Silverlight, x86" under the Type column.
6) Once you attached – set a breakpoint near the suspected bit of code.
7) If the code you are trying to debug is related to initialization – "unchecking" the "autoplay" check boxes about will help – refreshing the page in IE8 will restart the player – but leave the debug session intact.
8) If you are one of the few that need to debugging the code in SmoothStreaming.XAP – the break points will not be active until SmoothStreaming.XAP has be downloaded and merged into the process.
9) Once you identify a problem you'll need to disconnect the debug session, exit IE and then fix the code and rebuilt the affected .XAP . I usually just drag the new .XAP to the webpage folder using Explorer (keeping two explorer windows open) If I've got a lot of work – sometimes I will add post-build step to copy the new XAP(s) to the test server share.


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Hospital Vision
To become the health care leader in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and provide world-class medical care. .
To become the health care leader in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and provide world-class medical care. .
Hayatabad Medical Complex aims to deliver a comprehensive range of preventive, curative
Human Dignity, Compassion, Accountability, Community of Service, Quality of Life and team work
About MTI HMC
The idea of having a hospital in Hayatabad was conceived in 1979 to cater for the ever-increasing demand of a health care centre given the sudden increase in local population after the Afghan refugees' influx. Construction of the Hospital however, started as an ADP- funded Eye Hospital during 1980 which was further expanded to include Mother and Child Health care, a year later with the grant provided by the Saudis and the British. In due course of time a total of 351 kanals of land was acquired keeping in mind the prospects for future expansion. In1993, it was decided to convert the facility into a general hospital – Hayatabad Medical Complex. Three years later, the first phase of the Hospital was inaugurated with 289 beds though it became operational the following year with facilities for all basic specialties. In1998 a further 240 beds were added. As the facility grew in stature further specialties were added to its domain over the ensuing years and more wards constructed raising the bed number to the current strength of 1052.
Furthermore the set-up has benefitted from affiliation of institutes including Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology (PICO) in 1998, Khyber Girls Medical College (KGMC) in 2003, Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD) in 2007 and Khyber Institute of Child Health (KICH) more recently. Easily accessible through multiple routes including Jamrud road and Ring road,MTI-HMC and its affiliate institutions offer services not only to people of the settled areas of KPK but the tribal belt and neighboring Afghanistan as well.
Under the current MTI Act 2015, MTI-HMC has been granted full autonomy with a well-reputed and motivated Board of Governors (BOG), ably assisted by a Medical and Hospital Director and Dean of the associated Medical College (KGMC) striving to improve the quality of health care provision and fostering educational and academic opportunities.
The following departments most of which are equipped with well qualified staff (doctors and nurses)are currently providing the crux of services in MTI-HMC including patient care as well as training and teaching of undergraduate and post graduate medical students/ doctors:
Special units enumerated below provide services unique to tertiary care facilities elsewhere;
Statistical Report


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I had a friend draw up the background for us. It was full sized and looked much better, but it was a very big filesize, so I was forced to reduce it by a lot.
The game topic is pirates in space,...
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93 Feet East
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
93 Feet East is a live music venue on Brick Lane in East London. It is a conversion of part of the Old Truman Brewery.
Offering a variety of spaces which host live music of new and established acts, as well as club nights and a courtyard with a BBQ.
Available for hire for corporate conferences and business meetings, birthday parties as well as showcases, screenings, photo shoots, filming and more.
Check the website for further information on current event listings and hire availability.


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Photos: Flowers
Soft Light on Cherry Blossoms
Cherry Blossoms during peak at Wooster Square in New Haven, Connecticut. View Photo »
Spring Daffodils
Daffodils at Hubbard Park in Meriden, Connecticut View Photo »
Dark Days Bring Alluring Flowers
I took this photo to show how some flowers are beautiful in the gloomiest of times. This photo... View Photo »
Pemaquid Harbor Butterflies on Milkweed Flowers
An unusual summer delight this year in Pemaquid. The milkweed flowers in the harbor field were covered with... View Photo »
Spring Rain
The beauty from a rainfall perfectly sitting on a freshly bloomed tulip. View Photo »
Long-Horned Beetle on Rose
The Dating Flowers
This is a photograph of my crocus garden. I challenged myself to take some macro images of my... View Photo »
Lupine Lane
These beautiful lupines, found blooming in Baring, welcome summer back to Maine! View Photo »
Crocus | Longing for Spring
Have hope for there is always a warmer day to come, and brighter colors to lighten your grand... View Photo »
Trapp Family Lodge Tulips
May at The Trapp Family Lodge View Photo »
Remnants of Queen Anne's Lace at Sunset
The falling sun lights up this old flower and it's intricate structure. View Photo »
sunshiny day
sunflower taken @ Applefield Farm Stow, MA View Photo »
First Blossom
First Sunflower of the Season View Photo »
Lily Pads
The Paper Goods Pond in Berlin, CT, is so smooth, glass like. Just before the waterfall, there are... View Photo »
Passed by birdocks in my backyard. View Photo »
Water Lily
Water lily at the Windham Rail Trail. View Photo »
Lupine Beauty
These are some Lupines growing by a split rail fence in Fairfield Center Maine View Photo »
Bee at Work
Pink Splendor
This photo was taken at the beautiful Bridge of Flowers in Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts View Photo »
Rose Beauty
This photo was taken at the Bridge of Flowers in Shelburn Falls, Massachusetts View Photo »
Purple Allium
Allium flower View Photo »
The good stuff
Pollen is in the air and the bees are trying to collect their fair share. View Photo »
White Flowers
Promise Of Spring
A budding tree in Ipswich River Park, North Reading MA View Photo »


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Published on
Switzerland Convention Bureau and Lucerne Tourism improved a sustainability project during the organisation of the Adventure Travel World Summit. Both organisations were able to raise awareness on sustainability among the whole supplier chain as well as the association ATTA and the delegates. These efforts and the measurable results are presented at EIBTM.


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The rapidly increasing use of the duodenal tube has also greatly increased the need of practical chemical methods for the examination of duodenal contents, and as a result several systems have been described.1 Of these methods, we have had most experience with the technic of McClure, Wetmore and Reynolds,1 which was selected for this purpose because it appeared to us to be based on methods which had been carefully and scientifically tested out in other lines of work.
Two points operate against the practical application of the methods of examination of duodenal contents described by McClure and his collaborators. One of these is that the reagents used in the preparation of the substrate either are difficult to secure or are of varying composition. These authors recommend for this purpose an emulsion of cottonseed oil prepared by the Walker-Gordon Company of Boston, a preparation of paracasein (the soluble casein of Van
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2016 Chevrolet Camaro Headlight Shows Up on eBay
While there have been a great many renderings of the 2016 Chevrolet Camaro – some of which I expect could be very accurate – General Motors has not offered up any actual images of the 6th gen muscl
While there have been a great many renderings of the 2016 Chevrolet Camaro – some of which I expect could be very accurate – General Motors has not offered up any actual images of the 6th gen muscl
In each of the past 10 years, Brian Meissen and his crew at MIFBody.com have put together a show strictly for owners of Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird models old and new.
A few years ago, General Motors dropped their factory backing of the NHRA drag racing program and that left many Chevy racing fans searching for someone to root for, but with the news that John For
In the past year, the automotive world has been focused on the gradual rollout of the next generation Ford Mustang, but the introduction of that new pony car got us talking about the next generatio
Each year, the 24 Hours of LeMans race in France is arguably the biggest event of the year for the endurance racing world and in the production-based GTE classes, the Chevrolet Corvette is a regula
Last month, a video surfaced showing a Tesla Model S P85D drag racing against a 2015 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, with the electric sedan pummeling the very poorly driven Challenger.
First, since there has been some question from readers as to why I compare the sales figures for the Chevrolet Corvette to those of the Porsche brand cars, we should all keep in mind that the close
We don't mean to pick on the Chevrolet Suburban.
If you turned the 2015 Rolex 24 at Daytona off an hour from the end, there is a good chance that you expected the #10 Corvette Daytona Prototype owned by Wayne Taylor Racing and driven by Wayne's s
General Motors was plagued with recalls in 2014, but this new Corvette recall is the first official recall order for 2015.
While I hate to plug a site that literally fabricates news stories, this initial "news" broke this morning at HorsepowerKings, where it was announced that the 2015 Corvette Z06 had turned in a lap
This all started back in December when a member of CorvetteForum.com named Lawdogg149 posted on the forum that he had blown the engine in his brand new 2015 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 coupe.
The 2015 Tudor United Sports Car Championship season is a big one for Corvette Racing, as they take to their second year in the C7 Corvette Z06-based C7.R.
It has been widely believed but never confirmed that the 6th generation of the Chevrolet Camaro would arrive for the 2016 model year.
When the 2015 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 coupes began hitting the street late last year, the performance car world knew that it would only be a matter of time before we saw the most track capable Corve
This is Mike's 2000 C5 Corvette. He has a business and travels between Florida and Georgia. As a result his C5 Chevy Corvette has a massive amount of miles on it. It has 650,000 miles driven.


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Samira Ahmed
Samira Ahmed is an award-winning journalist and broadcaster with a special intererest in film, comics and children's TV. She presents news and arts programmes for BBC Radio and TV including Front Row, and has written for the Guardian, the Independent and the Spectator. Previously a presenter at Channel 4 News, she is a contributor to the book World Film Locations New York.
Her website is at samiraahmed.co.uk and she is on Twitter @SamiraAhmedUK


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Top Definition
Its when a black man and white woman or other way around have a mixed child, People in Caribbean will call you a Shabin.
She's mixed she's.. Shes.. A Shabin!!!
Eyyyy yo Shabin girl!
Eyyyy yo Shabin girl!
by Understand April 18, 2015
Trending Now
A cross between and shed and a cabin.
If you are too poor to own a cabin, yet too rich to live in a shed, then you would live in a shabin
by shackprincess May 08, 2009


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Gay Group Targets Individual State Senators
Hiram Monserrate is first on the list.
Gay fund-raisers who helped change the makeup of the New York State Senate during the last election cycle are gearing up to take revenge on those who did not vote for last year's gay-marriage bill. A group called Fight Back New York, which is backed by national gay activist and donor Tim Gill, has already announced it will target Hiram Monserrate, likely one of the easiest state senators to replace — seeing as he was ousted by his fellow legislators after being convicted of misdemeanor assault, and the Queens Democratic machine is already against him.
But just to make absolutely sure he'll be replaced by Dem rival (and gay-marriage supporter) Jose Peralta, FBNY is spending up to $100,000 on direct mailings in the next three weeks leading up to the special election to fill his seat. The mailings will show "still frames of a surveillance video that shows him dragging his companion, Karla Giraldo, through the hallway of his apartment building in Jackson Heights, Queens," and text about how Monserrate "brutally assaulted a woman and tried to cover up his crime."
On the flip side, anti-gay activist Ruben Diaz has Monserrate's back, so that's something, right?


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Christy is unwilling to accept her sickly daughter's diagnosis from the doctor.
Themes: Challenging Authority, Suffering, Sickness, Disease, Disbelief, Stubbornness, Motherhood
The cast and crew discuss the honest portrayal of Pastor Scott and how the film can be used for ministry and outreach.
Themes: Church, Leadership, Faith, Belief, Ministry, Evangelism, Outreach
The cast and crew discuss how the heart of the movie lies in the belief in miracles and faith in God.
Themes: Miracle, Faith, Belief, Questioning God, Suffering, Love-God's, God's Nature, Doubt, Advice
A young girl suffering from a rare digestive disorder finds herself miraculously cured after surviving a terrible accident.
Themes: Faith, Belief, Love, Church, Questioning God, Suffering, Sickness, Love-God's, God's Nature
Anna questions why God has not healed her if He loves her.
Themes: Questioning God, Suffering, Sickness, Love-God's, God's Nature, Doubt, Advice, Disease
When Anna can no longer eat pizza on account of her disease, her entire family swears off pizza too.
Themes: Family, Solidarity, Unity, Reluctance, Compassion, Disease, Sickness
Pastor Scott speaks with Christy about why she stopped coming to church.
Themes: Faith, Belief, Love, Church, Questioning God, Suffering, Sickness, Love-God's, God's Nature
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The Wicker Man (1973)
Plot Summary
Sgt. Howie travels to Summerisle to investigate the disappearance of a young girl. He discovers that the locals are weird and unhelpful, and becomes determined to get to the bottom of the disappearance.- Written by Sean Taylor <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Sergeant Neil Howie arrives on a Scottish island looking for a missing teenager girl, Rowan Morrison. The place belongs to Lord Summerisle and is famous because of their plantation of apples and other fruits and their harvest. Sgt. Howie realizes that the locals are pagans, practicing old rituals, and Rowan is probably alive and being prepared to be sacrificed. The end of the story is a tragic surprise.- Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A police sergeant is sent to a Scottish island village in search of a missing girl whom the townsfolk claim never existed. Stranger still are the rites that take place there.- Written by Anonymous
Sergeant Neil Howie of the West Highland Police receives an anonymous letter requesting his presence on Summerisle...See full synopsis » (Warning: contains spoilers!)


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YAK is a simple shopping cart allowing a blog post to be associated with a product, adding a buy button to such posts, and providing a page for displaying orders, entering address details, confirmation, etc.
At the moment there's no integration with a payment merchant (like PayPal), but that will (eventually) be added.
The info page for YAK can be found at: yak.sourceforge.net