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Video: Proper Preparation of Grains and LegumesTraditional Preparation of Grains, Videos
Delving into Traditional Eating for the first time inevitably uncovers the fact that modern methods for preparing grains and legumes can be extremely damaging to health over the long term particularly if numerous servings of these foods are consumed on a daily basis as recommended by conventional dieticians and nutritionists.
Even if you take the time and care to make your own bread at home with freshly ground grain, if you do not follow the centuries old traditions for eliminating anti-nutrients and maximizing the nutrition in the grain prior to baking, you could in fact be doing yourself and your family more harm than good.
In the video below which I filmed as part of a Beginner Video Series for the Weston A. Price Foundation, I show you the basics for traditional preparation of grains and legumes so that you can enjoy these wonderful foods in your home and experience health benefits from doing so rather than health depletion.
For a complete transcript of this video which is translatable into any language, click here.
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist.com
*This post is linked to Real Food Wednesday at Kelly the Kitchen Kop!
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Comments (74)
Nicole Talaga
Dear Sarah, i'm so confused what to soak in acid and what in baking soda…
Can you plz. put a list of what to soak in what.?
I thought you said garbanzo soak in baking soda and that what i have been doing….
it is a no kidney bean like you said…
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Do you cook the grains or legumes in the soaking water? Is it possible to strain the soaking water in order to use stock for the cooking process? Would you recommend using stock in this way? Thanks for all of your help.
Thanks for the great video! I'm wondering if there is a way to properly soak quinoa?
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Hi Sarah, do you soak white basmati rice?
Jane Metzger
I found a recipe on America's Test Kitchen for whole wheat bread. It calls for making a biga with white bread flour and then soaking the whole wheat flour with milk for up to twenty four hours. Their reasoning for soaking the whole wheat flour was to soften the particles. I did this, but used buttermilk instead in order to have an acidic medium. The flavor was wonderful, but the dough was much stickier than the video showed, so I am working on adjustments to that. It makes great toast. Check it out at America's Test Kitchen. From Season 12: Soup and Bread from Scratch
What is the proper way to to soak raw buckwheat grouts?
I should have have written:
What is the proper method to soak and ferment raw buckwheat groats?
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Lets pretend not to notice the redundancy in that last sentence…
So, once properly soaked, whole grain trumps white flour? And then, what is it exactly that is bad about hybridization? Hasn't that been occurring since, I don't know, a long time ago? It's not genetic modification or anything. Plants are often naturally hybridized in nature.
Hi Sarah
The subject of grains is so confusing to me now. I enjoyed your video on grain preparation and grinding your own grain for healthier breads, etc. and I can relate with all of it.
I am also seeing so much information, articles and books out there about the benefits of going grain-free. So, what are we supposed to do? Should we go about making our own healthy grain breads, etc. or should we eliminate it?
Hi Sarah,
I'm a little confused about the reasons for soaking grains and flour. If I soak freshly ground flour in a recipe, do I still need to soak/sprout and dry the grains before I grind them? I started grinding the grains for your delicious cereal recipe and realized I hadn't sprouted the grains first. But then I soaked the flour in buttermilk for 24 hours.
I had a hard time keeping the "coffee cake" hid from family members while it cooled. My daughter and I had the cereal for breakfast this morning and she likes it! My kids (now 23,18,13) grew up on fast food so the switch now to healthier eating feels like a losing battle most days. So glad I found your website with all the great info! Thank you
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Hi Sarah,
I make my own whole-wheat flour tortillas (whole wheat flour, baking powder, salt, water, olive oil) and I was wondering, after watching this video,
a. should I soak the 3 1/2 cups of whole wheat flour prior to making tortillas,
b. the method I should use (water? vinegar?) and for how long.
What about making biscuits from scratch? Would any of this apply?
Thanks SO MUCH for sharing these video's!!!!!!!! The music at the end is a little freaky lol, but i really appreciate the free video's you put out and your desire to help people!
Hi Sarah,
I just read this info on another blog and am a bit confused:
"Taking the lead from another phytic acid study, I have recommended in the now-defunct e-course to add a bit of fresh ground wheat, spelt, rye, or buckwheat to the oatmeal and then soaking it. The phytase in these other grains will work to reduce the phytic acid in the oats".
Is this necessary??
Thank you!
I tried the recipe for soaked oats from your video on the Weston Price website last night. I soaked the oats with equal parts water and 2 TBS Bragg apple cider vinegar. The video instructions said to just add one cup of water in the morning and cook with a bit of sea salt. These oats aren't bad (added maple syrup and butter) but do taste a little tangy from the vinegar. Would it be wrong to drain off any water from the night before and add a bit of extra fresh water in the morning to reduce the acidic taste? I guess I can also try buttermilk or yogurt but think that might also contribute a sour note to the oats which I'm not a big fan of. Thanks!
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Andrea (From Seed to Stomach)
Phytic acid is water soluble, which is why soaking in water is the way to go. My QUESTION is why not drain, rinse, and add fresh water to the oatmeal/grain after soaking. Seems like you would really want to wash away whatever you soaked out of it, right?
Great video. I am a WAP member too trying to learn how to do this. Thanks.
How does the ratio go when you increase the serving size. For example, I use 10 cups of oatmeal. Do I use 2 tablespoons or 20 tablespoons of vinegar/lemon juice/etc.? Also, when I add the additional water before cooking, I am guessing that is only 1 cup versus 10 cups?
Keep up the awesome videos. They are VERY helpful.
I have tried many recipes for sprouted wheat flour bread and have yet to come across one that is not as dense as a brick. I know I have read that you buy your bread, but do you by chance have a recipe I could try?
If I make my pancake batter ahead of time and let it sit for a day before using it, does this have the same effect as soaking the flour by itself prior to adding the other ingredients??
Hi Sarah,
Where do you get your grain from? Is there an online distributor you can recommend? Thanks, Caitlin
Hi Caitlin, don't mean to reply in place of Sarah but I know the Weston Price foundation sells a shopping guide with that type of info in it:-). I also know you can grind your own grain with a flour mill.
Thanks for this video. I really want to get better with soaking my grains, however I have found it intimidating. Can you tell me is there a general ratio as far as how much water to use along with an acidic medium for whatever it is that you are soaking? It seemed like you did 1 cup water for 1 cup rolled oats and 2 tablespoons acidic medium. But them for the pancakes you used 2 cups water and still 2 tablespoons of vinegar for the 2 cups flour. Is there a rule of thumb that helps you gage how much water and how much acidic medium to use depending on the amount that is being soaked? Thanks!
Great video! I have been cooking from NT for a while, though not exclusively, and love the way you have put the information together in this video. Thank you.
Sarah, do gluten free grains such as Sorghum need to be soaked?
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Yes, soaking is not just for gluten. There are other anti-nutrients primarily the phytates that need to be inactivated by soaking.
Hi Sarah
Can I ask why when you soak oatmeal you dont recommend whey as one of the options to soak it in but do for wheat/spelt flour
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
You can use whey to soak oatmeal if you like. Lemon juice, cider vinegar, and whey are all interchangeable as they all add acid to the soaking solution which is the goal of the process to break down the antinutrients and make nutrients more available for digestion.
I think lemon juice adds a nice refreshing flavor. I actually like it.
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
I agree! I actually like the flavor soaking in water/lemon juice gives to waffles!
Raine Saunders (@AgriSociety) (@AgriSociety)
Do you experience food allergies, digestive issues, weight problems, asthma, or eczema? It may be due to… http://t.co/an5lv8Bw
Does the vinegar make the final product taste different? I have used buttermilk to soak pancakes, but I am afraid to try the vinegar. What do you think?
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Yes, the taste is affected somewhat but no different than if you soaked in yogurt. I think the flavor is improved.
Tracey Stirling
Hi Sarah,
I too have similar questions to others based on what Ramiel Nagel has stated. Is there any validity to his statements as he seems to think it is almost impossible to reduce the phytic acid in oatmeal and that other grains must be soaked much longer than 7 hours as well as sifted. I grind and then sift my spelt but sometimes am not sure if I am actually sifting out the chaff or just small parts of the flour I just ground? Does sprouting grains (including corn) reduce the phytic acid enough so you don't have to soak? One last question, you mentioned rolled oats. If I buy my oats already rolled won't they be rancid since they aren't in the whole form anymore? Sorry to bombard you with so many questions. It's just that I was following NT to prepare our grains and then I went to a talk with Ramiel Nagle and read his book and felt really discouraged. He still seemed unsure on alot of things, mainly how to prepare oats and I was unclear as to where he got his facts. I love your site and am so grateful for how much work you've put into it and I trust and admire your opinion grealty. Any advice would be greatlyl apprcietaed!
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
From what Rami told me directly in a one on one conversation at the last Wise TRaditions Conference, soaking in water plus acidic medium does reduce phytic acid considerably. I wrote a post about this awhile back called "Whole Grains Cause Cavities?"
Tracey Stirling
Thanks Sarah. Also can I purchase oats already rolled or will they go rancid if not rolled fresh? We haven't had rolled oats in a long time as I was concernd about them being rancid but we sure would love to have them again!
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Just buy them in airtight bags or buckets and not out of bins exposed to the air and you should be fine.
Michael Acanfora (@BayonneChiro) (@BayonneChiro) (@BayonneChiro)
Video: Proper Preparation of Grains and Legumes – The Healthy Home Economist
Laurel Blair, NTP
Hi Sarah,
I'm a bit confused about acid mediums for soaking. According to several sources, too much calcium will prevent phytic acid from being broken down, so that would mean buttermilk and yogurt would not work. On the other hand, my understanding is that some societies traditionally used soured milk products for soaking grains, and I like to err on the side of what we know has worked in the past to maintain good health. Can you shed any light on this? Is there any evidence that soaking with yogurt and buttermilk will actually reduce phytic acid?
A really nicely done video, Sarah!
I have a question: Whatever happened to the argument raised by Rami Nagl that it's not really possible to reduce phytic acid very much and that people are much better off avoiding foods that have it? Am I misstating his contention? Do studies show that the soaking techniques you showed make a big difference in phytic acid?
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Soaking with a very watery soaking medium such as what I show in the video does reduce phytic acid significantly. Soaking in yogurt or kefir does not apparently.
What about the Nourishing Traditions pancake recipe of soaking the grain in kefir? We have been using this method for some time, so what are your thoughts? We really like 100% buckwheat soaked in kefir for pancakes. Gluten free and the best pancakes in the world, hands down! 😉
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
We also used to soak in yogurt for many years, but Rami Nagel's cutting edge research in this area is suggesting that soaking with more liquid is better such as what happens with water and an acidic medium such as cider vinegar, whey, or lemon juice. His research is simply taking wise NT suggestions to a new level.
Hi Dan,
I soak my steel cut oats. I soak them in a 1:1:2x ratio (1 part steel cut oats : 1 part water : add my part amounts to arrive at the number of Tablespoons of acid needed). For my family of 5, I'll soak 3 cups of oats in 3 cups water and 6 T of lemon juice or cider vinegar (plenty for leftovers, which I just keep in the fridge). I do that in the morning and leave it until the next morning and rinse the oats until the water runs clear. Then I cook them in a 1:1 soaked oats to water mixture. Boil the water first, add the oats, and as soon as the oats are boiling, back it off to simmer and leave it there for about 3-5 minutes.
I'll also make a huge batch of the steel cut oats to use for cold cereal. I do the same 24 hour soak as above, except that I dry them instead of cooking. After rinsing, I spread them all out on a jelly roll pan (or 2) and put them in the oven at about 200*F for several hours until they're all dried out. Stir once or twice when drying. When that's done, I put them in a pyrex dish and store it in the pantry. We really miss cold cereal, so this is a good comfort food for us.
I have no idea if I'm doing this the right way or not, but I can't believe how much better my belly feels doing it this way. No pain or bloating, which is a nice change for me.
Sarah, thank you for addressing gluten intolerance in this video. I think that's an issue for me, and I was thrilled to hear about how I can still prepare grains in a way that my body will tolerate.
Great video, Sarah. You are getting more and more comfortable on camera, and it shows. Good for you! And, good for us with all the excellent information.
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
A natural actress I am most definitely not! LOL
Janet Snyder Asher via Facebook
So many people have it all wrong. Thanks for sharing.
A few months ago there was someone who had something on Monday Madness about not using dairy products to soak grains because it actually can block the phytic acids from being released (I know I probably botched how she stated it, but I think that was the overall idea). I don't entirely understand all of this yet, but I am wondering about your thoughts on this. It kinda slowed me from pursuing any of this. I would love to know what you've heard about this. Thanks for all you do Sarah, you are a blessing! ~Jen
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Hi Jen, from what I understand from Rami Nagel (author of Cure Tooth Decay) his research suggests using more water as it seems to break down the phytates better. This is why water plus acidic medium works better than yogurt or kefir.
Hi Sarah,
Great video. I was wondering about your use of brown rice. In the past, I think you had said that you served basmatti for the protien content and digestability and didn't bother with brown because even with soaking it was too difficult to digest. Have you found information otherwise? Also, for smaller legumes like mung beans and lentils, do you think it's possible for them to require a shorter minimum soak time?
Thank you so much for all you do here!
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Hi Kelly, I used brown rice in the video but I myself don't use brown rice as we find it too fibrous and hard to digest in our family. I use white basmati instead (soaked just like the brown rice though).
Hello. Thamk you for your blog! It is wonderful to have so much info I've read about for many years all in one place. In my macrobiotic reading, it instructed that pan-toasting the brown rice right before cooking helps to reduce phytic acid also. Surely the soaking method reduce the phytic acid more, but what about soaking, drying, then pan-toasting?
Thanks again,
Hello Sarah,
I appreciate the video. I was hoping you would cover how to do corn. Is there an easier way then what is in Nourishing Traditions?
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Corn needs to be soaked, fermented or sprouted just like any other grain. The way NT covers it is what I do. I do make popcorn occasionally which of course is not prepared properly, but when eaten only on occasion that is fine for most people unless you are very sensitive to corn.
Dan St. James
Hello Sarah,
Thank you for your posts, I read them every week. Most everytime I see a posting about oats, it typically refers to the rolled variety; could you elaborate if rolled or whole( "steel cut") are more preferable for health? I also wanted to know if you can soak whole/cut oats the same way as you mention for rolled oats, to gain better digestibility?
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
Yes it can. Unless you have a dairy allergy in which case it would be better to use lemon juice or cider vinegar.
Oh another question Sarah,
Since we are on the subject of grains, what do you think of William Davis's Book " Wheat Belly"? He was on Kelly kitchen Kop site and He says all the wheat (even spelt" "now" is bad and different from traditional wheat. According to him, we should never eat wheat. After looking at his book the other day at the bookstore, I decided not to buy it. In my opinion, he says all carbs should be strictly eliminated for weight loss and health reasons (diabetes). i would love to know your opinion on this subject because I truly trust you. Thanks!
Sarah, TheHealthyHomeEconomist
I understand where William Davis is coming from, but all 5 of my family eat wheat and spelt – properly prepared and in moderation and suffer no ill effects from it. I think many folks are having trouble with modern hybridized wheat because their gut is so messed up from all the other junk they are eating. You will have to determine what works for you by observing how you react to it even when properly prepared. If you have no trouble from it, then eat it and enjoy in moderation. I don't believe being militant is a good approach to anything as rarely is any issue black or white.
So true. I learn't this the hard way. There is not one 'food rule' for everyone. A diet might look good on paper – but it's the way it affects our individual physiology that's the key.
Ashley Rozenberg (@AshleyRoz) (@AshleyRoz)
If you find grains and legumes to be absolutely necessary (I don't) at least prepare them properly! Here's how:
Mendy Cleveland via Facebook
Can you please tell us what bread that was..I tried making true sourdough again yesterday and it was so hard, I dont think my chickens can eat it.LOL
I had a bad experience making sourdough bread too, then I discovered to use only one cup of the dough!And found recipes on the web too.
Great video. I made oatmeal yesterday and had leftovers today with my daughter for breakfast, and it's so much more filling when the oats are soaked. I find that the oatmeal keeps me full longer than it does when it's unsoaked. Plus, I don't feel tired and stuffed like I do with regular unsoaked oatmeal. I don't have any apple cider vinegar, but I wouldn't use that in my oatmeal anyway because I'd be worried that it would taste funny with vinegar in it. I read online that dry beans can be soaked with a a couple of tsps of salt, but it had nothing to do with reducing phytic acid. It just stated how it would help the beans to get soft without being mushy.
Andrea (From Seed to Stomach)
I've actually read in a few cookbooks that soaking and/or cooking beans with salt actually makes the skins tough. I soak and/or cook mine with a piece of kombu (a sea vegetable) that's supposed to help with digestibility and mineral absorption.
Andrea, I have always soaked my beans with salt. In fact I aggressively salt the water my beans soak in – to the point where the water tastes like seawater. I also soak my beans for 2 days and change the water twice. I have yet to experience tough beans. however, when I cook them, I cook them in UNSALTED water and cook them at the simmer for 2 to 3 hours to ensure a nice buttery texture without them tasting overcooked. The advantage to soaking them in salted water is that come out perfectly seasoned without salting the cooking water.


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Judge Dave Hoven heard arguments last Thursday on a defense motion to reduce bond for Weinhaus from $50,000 cash to $7,500. The prosecution meanwhile filed motions to increase the bond to $100,000 on an amended criminal warrant and to order a psychiatric exam for the suspect.
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Hear ye, hear ye! Sarah Palin hereby accuses President Barack Obama of the high crime of shucking and jiving or, more precisely, a "shuck and jive shtick" with "Benghazi lies."
There's a new television show called Nashville that's pretty eye-catching.
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It may not be if, but when. That is seemingly the foreboding consensus among cyber security experts as to the possibility of a devastating large-scale cyber attack in the United States.
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Cancer Health Center
Adult Primary Liver Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI] - Stage Information for Adult Primary Liver Cancer
- General Information About Adult Primary Liver Cancer
- Cellular Classification of Adult Primary Liver Cancer
- Stage Information for Adult Primary Liver Cancer
- Treatment Option Overview
- Stage 0, A, and B Adult Primary Liver Cancer
- Stage C and D Adult Primary Liver Cancer
- Changes to This Summary (07 / 11 / 2014)
- About This PDQ Summary
- Get More Information From NCI
Table 4. Anatomic Stage/Prognostic Groupsa
|a Reprinted with permission from AJCC: Liver. In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al., eds.: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2010, pp 191-9.
|Any T
|Any T
|Any N
Okuda Staging System
The Okuda staging system includes variables related to tumor burden and liver function, such as bilirubin, albumin, and ascites and has been extensively used in the past. However, many significant prognostic tumor factors confirmed in both surgical and nonsurgical series (e.g., unifocal or multifocal, vascular invasion, portal venous thrombosis, or locoregional lymph node involvement) are not included.[2,3] As a result, Okuda staging is unable to stratify prognosis for early-stage cancers and mostly serves to recognize end-stage cancer patients.
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Staging System
New classifications have been proposed in an effort to overcome the difficulties of having several staging systems. The BCLC staging classification retains its usefulness in early tumors and is currently the most accepted staging system for HCC. Recent evidence from an American cohort has shown that BCLC staging offers better prognostic stratification power than other staging systems.[4]
The BCLC staging system attempts to overcome the limitations of previous staging systems by including variables related to the following:[5]
- Tumor stage.
- Functional status of the liver.
- Physical status.
- Cancer-related symptoms.
Five stages (0 and A through D) are identified based on the variables mentioned above. Of note, the BCLC staging system links each HCC stage to appropriate treatment modalities. According to the BCLC, patients with early-stage HCC may benefit from curative therapies (i.e., liver transplantation, surgical resection, and radiofrequency ablation techniques); those at intermediate- or advanced-disease stage may benefit from palliative treatments (i.e., transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and sorafenib); however, those at end-stage disease who have a very poor life expectancy are offered supportive care and palliation.
- Liver. In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al., eds.: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2010, pp 191-5.
- Poon RT, Ng IO, Fan ST, et al.: Clinicopathologic features of long-term survivors and disease-free survivors after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a study of a prospective cohort. J Clin Oncol 19 (12): 3037-44, 2001.
- Pompili M, Rapaccini GL, Covino M, et al.: Prognostic factors for survival in patients with compensated cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy. Cancer 92 (1): 126-35, 2001.
- Marrero JA, Fontana RJ, Barrat A, et al.: Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of 7 staging systems in an American cohort. Hepatology 41 (4): 707-16, 2005.
- Llovet JM, Brú C, Bruix J: Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis 19 (3): 329-38, 1999.
This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http:// cancer .gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
WebMD Public Information from the National Cancer Institute
Adult Primary Liver Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI] Topics
- Stage 0, A, and B Adult Primary Liver Cancer
- Stage C and D Adult Primary Liver Cancer
- Changes to This Summary (07 / 11 / 2014)
- About This PDQ Summary
- Get More Information From NCI
Today on WebMD
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Player Profile:
|Wilson, N.C.
|High School:
Career Stats
National Team Experience: U-15 National Team Camp training (2011).
Sophomore (2015): Had a breakout season in 2015 starting all 25 matches in goal and notching 11 shutouts, which was a new school record and led the ACC ... earned NCAA College Cup Most Outstanding Player on Defense ... ACC Defensive Player of the Week Sept. 1, after holding fourth-ranked Penn State and 25th-ranked William & Mary scoreless ... earned TopDrawerSoccer.com National Team of the Week Aug. 31 and Dec. 1 ... All-ACC Academic Team ... ranked eighth nationally with 11 shutouts, 25th in goals against average (.642), third in goalkeeper minutes played (2,243:44) and 52nd in save percentage (.833) ... helped Duke to 14 shutouts as a team, which the second-most in school history ... her 80 saves ranked tied 10th on Duke's single-season charts ... posted a 0.64 goals-against average, which ranked second on the Blue Devil record book ... allowed only three goals over the final seven matches en route to the NCAA Championship match ... made two key saves in penalty kicks at top-seeded Stanford in the NCAA Elite Eight ... did not allow a goal over the first five matches of the season (401.72 streak) ... tallied a career-high 10 saves at fourth-ranked Penn State ... allowed only one goal and made eight saves during the NCAA College Cup.
Freshman (2014): Played in 12 matches in goal for the Blue Devils seeing a total of 359:51 minutes ... made her first collegiate start against third-ranked Virginia and didn't allow a first half goal ... registered a career-high six saves versus the Cavaliers.
Regional Team Experience: North Carolina ODP (2008-10) … USYS Region III ODP Camp (2012, 2010).
High School/Club: Three-time All-Conference selection as a sophomore and junior … earned Best All-Around and All-Region accolades … missed her senior campaign due to an injury ... competed in the 2014 North Carolina East/West soccer game ... as a junior, totaled 12 shutouts, while notching six goals and one assist on the field … runner-up for the Wilson Daily Times Athlete of the Year as a junior … missed most of her junior campaign with knee surgery … as a freshman, totaled 13 goals and five assists playing the forward position … started as a freshman … earned Wilson Daily Times Student-Athlete of the Week … helped lead the 94 PGSA Stars to state cups in 2009 and 2010 along with the 2011 regional and national championships … a three-time letterwinner in basketball … averaged 18.1 points a game for basketball as a junior, while earning Wilson Daily Times Player of the Year, All-Conference and All-Region honors … named to the 2011 Fairris Holiday All-Tournament team … All-Conference selection in tennis as a freshman.
Personal: Full name is Emma Jane Proctor ... born on April 14, 1996 in Greenville, N.C. ... daughter of Kelly & Kathy Proctor … has one brother, Dawson (17) … Student Government President as a senior and member of the Student Government each of her four years … Junior Class Vice President.
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Let's Make a Deal
Al Checchi and Gary Wilson--the "Fly Boys" who bought Eagan-based Northwest Airlines in 1989 and nearly ran it into the ground, earning themselves titles such as "Barbarians at Gate 31" from local media--are back in the news. This time, though, they are likely to be painted as savvy investors whose hard work and determination will net more than $1 billion in profits for themselves and those who invested with them.
Northwest is being dressed for sale. And Checchi and Wilson have just jockeyed their way into the catbird seat, tossing out the only element that could have stood in the way of making a clever deal--longtime partner KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.
Or so goes the perception in the industry. Of course, Northwest's formal response to whether it is discussing a possible sale or merger is always the same: "We don't comment on rumors." And the company naturally describes its battle with KLM very differently.
But recent moves by Northwest's board and top management--as well as the company's financial position and the condition of the industry generally--have led a number of Northwest employees, former executives, and industry analysts to believe that management is prepping the company to fetch an attractive price as the industry enters its next round of consolidations in the coming year.
"Many of us believe Northwest has been operated for about the last 12 months as though it's being prepared for sale," says a senior Northwest pilot active in company affairs, adding that the most likely suitor is American Airlines. NWA, he points out, "has done little by way of capital expenditures; market opportunities, especially in the cargo area, have been let go; and no plans are being made to replace our older Boeing 747s, even though we frequently can't carry a full load of passengers across the Pacific because of fuel capacity constraints."
"What we've been doing," counters Northwest representative Jon Austin, "is simply trying to operate efficiently and profitably. The last nine consecutive profitable quarters indicate we've had some success at that."
Vince Bazzachini, the president of Local 1833 of the International Association of Machinists (IAM), says he doesn't believe management is actively trying to sell the company. "But I do believe there's a backup plan that has been prepared in the event there is another round of industry mergers," he says. "Is there a plan B [to be acquired]? Sure there is."
In essence, Northwest's position seems to be that "if we're going to go up for grabs, we have to do some things to make sure we're well positioned to take advantage of it," says Barbara Beyer, president of the Arlington, Virginia-based airline consulting firm Avmark Inc. "Northwest set up a poison pill, has cleaned up its act financially, has a solid domestic route system, has the Pacific routes, and has a good relationship--despite the recent conflicts--with KLM. Those things make it an attractive buy."
The matter of who has the power to decide Northwest's course has been the subject of intense infighting and legal maneuvering between KLM and NWA. In recent weeks, the struggle has spilled into the courtroom, where KLM is trying to reverse the actions of Northwest's board of directors. At issue are certain rights granted to KLM when it agreed to help the airline out financially in 1989 and again in 1992-93.
According to Austin, Northwest has no secret agenda: "The company's management and board is doing what it thinks is in the best interest of the company, its employees, and its shareholders."
Others say it's doing only what's best for Checchi and Wilson. "KLM was the only one that controlled Checchi and Wilson," counters one industry official with ties to Northwest's upper management. "Those two now have $6 billion in market-valued assets to play with, and KLM keeps them from doing things that are not in the interest of either airline."
By way of illustration, the airline official points out some interesting details surrounding Northwest's recent adoption of a "poison pill" shareholders' rights plan.
Northwest accused KLM of trying to slowly buy a large enough position in Northwest to take control of it. Such a claim seems absurd given that U.S. laws prevent foreign ownership from exceeding 25 percent of a carrier's voting stock and 49 percent of its overall equity; KLM owns around 20 percent of Northwest's voting stock and was hoping to acquire up to an additional 4 percent. It had no plans to go any further, KLM company officials claim.
But laws can be changed, cautions Austin. "As it's prudent to put a lock on your door even though the police are out there protecting you," he says, "it's prudent to change the bylaws even though laws are out there."
Austin also says that Northwest officials discovered a KLM representative had requested that the U.S. law be changed. He wouldn't elaborate, except to say that "It was at a level sufficient to provoke our extreme concerns." KLM denies the claim. And the industry insider notes that Checchi and Wilson--who boast ties to the leadership of both major parties and to officials of the Department of Transportation--have more political clout than their counterparts at KLM.
Northwest's board nonetheless used concern over KLM's potential encroachment to justify amending an agreement that was formed in 1989 between the original six investors who financed Northwest's leveraged takeover: KLM, Checchi, Wilson, investor Richard Blum (the husband of U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein, D-California); longtime Republican insider Fred Malek; and the New York-based Bankers Trust Co. These six had agreed in 1989 that if any one of them, or a combination of them, wound up owning 40 percent of the holdings that the original shareholders had started out with, that investor--or a combination of them--could block the board of directors on major corporate transactions, such as mergers or sales of Northwest assets. Bankers Trust recently sold off 4.2 million shares, leaving only two entities with enough stock to block a major board-approved transaction: the Checchi/Wilson team and KLM.
The recent amendment does away with all that by eliminating the 40 percent blocking rights. It also kills an agreement whereby KLM was to be given first right of refusal on any stock sold by the original shareholders. And as if those moves weren't enough, there's the poison pill. Northwest's pill protects the company from an unwanted party buying more than 19 percent of its stock (and restates KLM's ownership at 18.8 percent on a fully distributed, fully diluted basis).
In getting rid of KLM's veto power and freezing its ownership position, the board no longer faces the threat of any outside interference, "especially from KLM," Northwest has stated.
One question remains: Without KLM's influence, who will counterbalance the influence held by Checchi and Wilson?
Four of Northwest's 14 board members (Malek, Blum, a director of Blum's firm named Thomas Kempner, and Northwest President and CEO John Dasburg) are close allies of Checchi and Wilson and would very likely vote as dictated by them. Two others, including Bankers Trust's George Vojta, also are likely to vote in accord with Checchi and Wilson's wishes. That's more than 50 percent of the board poised to go along with them.
Of the six other directors, three are union representatives. All of Northwest's union contracts come up for renegotiation in 1996 when a three-year-old concessions deal expires, and employees are supposed to have wages restored to 1993 levels. As the unions face a new round of negotiations with management, there could be pressure for a quid pro quo in the form of solidarity with Checchi and Wilson on board votes.
The recent board moves are bad news not only for KLM but for anybody who might argue that a company's shareholders are best served by a diverse group of directors. But put yourself on the other side of the table, says Avmark's Beyer: "If you're Checchi and Wilson, would you want KLM to have the first right of refusal on your stock when somebody like American comes along and says it's interested in buying it?"
Despite the company's refusal to comment on rumors that it will be up for sale, there are considerable advantages to the present managerial regime in following that course as opposed to pursuing its other options: carrying on independently or trying to leverage the purchase of another carrier.
In 1989, Checchi, Wilson and partner Fred Malek invested $42 million to buy 44 percent of the voting stock in Northwest at the time of its takeover. Today, Checchi and Wilson own about 20 percent, or roughly 23 million shares. Should Northwest be sold anytime soon, the two would clear a profit of $1.1 billion (including the $100 million they already made), based on its current trading price. Not bad for a seven-year investment.
Then there are the stock options, which allow managers who receive them to buy stock at below-market prices during a certain period of time.
A look at Northwest's 1995 proxy statement suggests that if the airline were acquired at its recent high-range trading price of about $46.50 a share, John Dasburg, Northwest's president, could make a profit of about $26 million by exercising all the options he held as of December 31, 1994. Michael Levine, the executive vice president in charge of the airline's marketing and international operations, would make $11 million (a figure that includes redemption of 45,000 shares he already owns). Levine has a little added incentive: According to the proxy statement, he will receive $1 million if the company is sold and he resigns as a result before July 1, 1998.
The power struggle between KLM and the Checchi/Wilson team comes at a time when Northwest is sitting in its best financial position since before the 1989 leveraged buyout.
Indeed, it was only a few years ago that Northwest was on the verge of going bankrupt. In December 1991 NWA management bullied the state of Minnesota into giving the airline a $280 million bailout loan to keep things going until December 1992, when it was able to get suppliers, lenders, and shareholders to allow the company to refinance. As part of that refinancing, KLM agreed to write off its entire original $400 million investment in Northwest and to defer dividend payments on its preferred stock, and contributed $50 million to a $250 million emergency loan to keep Northwest out of bankruptcy court.
At the same time, Northwest was allowed by its bankers to defer debt payments of $337 million for another year. And it saved an estimated $3.7 billion in future costs by killing its fleet modernization plan, opting instead to keep the oldest assemblage of planes of all the major U.S. carriers in the air despite their fuel inefficiencies.
The moves paid off. Six months later the company's unions agreed to $886 million in concessions over three years in exchange for stock. Fuel prices dropped and Northwest's competitors started suffering due to competition with lower-fare airlines such as Southwest--a factor Northwest has not yet had to face in its Detroit and Minneapolis hubs.
"I think Northwest is the best-managed airline in the business today. Their relationship with labor is without parallel," says Paul Davner, an airline industry analyst with BDS Securities in New York. Three years ago he doubted Northwest's chances, but today, he says, "Their marketing strategy is the envy of the industry. And their financial position is solid."
Beyond its rehabilitated fiscal reputation, the company also boasts enviable assets. Two weeks ago, Northwest announced a clever plan whereby it shifted a $758 million Japanese mortgage into a different form of ownership, allowing it to be accounted for as "minority interest in an affiliate." In so doing, it wiped $758 million worth of debt off its balance sheet. NWA management then announced they would use $537 million in cash and $300 million from a new unsecured bank loan to pay off $837 million worth of debt.
This chunk of old debt is the last portion of the original financing used to buy Northwest through a $3.65 billion buyout in 1989--which means new freedom for the Checchi/Wilson regime. Until now, most of the airline's chief assets were committed as collateral to the leveraged buyout financing; they included Northwest's prized Pacific routes, currently listed with a book value of about $4.7 billion and a market value of about $6 billion, according to news reports and inside sources who attended a recent Northwest presentation at Salomon Brothers Inc.
That means, in theory, that Northwest could re-leverage those assets into a financing deal that would allow it to buy another airline. Or it could sell off the assets to the highest bidder. Industry analysts say, for example, that American Airlines would be willing to pay much more than book value to buy Northwest's Pacific routes. In yet another scenario, some unknown suitor could come along and put Northwest through another leveraged buyout by using its assets to help finance a purchase.
As for rumors about Northwest selling the Pacific routes separately, the company breaks from its usual "no comment" posture. "The rumors are absolutely false," says Austin, "and anybody who would say that has no understanding of the company or its strategy."
Meanwhile, the industry is rife with speculation over who may be looking to buy whom. United Airlines made a serious run at picking up USAir until talks broke down two weeks ago. That possibility sent several other airlines into strategic planning meetings, searching for their own possible merger partner to combat what would have become the world's largest airline.
As Beyer points out, a deal between Northwest and American would be even bigger. But she and all the other people contacted for this story say they don't know what Northwest may be planning at this point.
Adding to the mystery is Northwest's unique position in the industry. "The people who have the ability to buy other airlines are United, Delta, and American. Then there's the other group, those carriers such as Continental, USAir, and TWA that are in the area of likely being acquired," says Dan Aikens, vice president of the aviation consulting firm Airtrans Inc. "Northwest is in the middle and can go either way."
The hottest bet on the street is that Northwest will be acquired by American, or become part of a new parent company that merges Northwest with Continental or Delta. But there are several potential variations:
§ American and Northwest
"The best merger would undoubtedly be between Northwest and American," said BDS's Paul Davner, echoing several other industry observers. "In one fell swoop, American would get a European ally through KLM and the largest bloc of U.S.-Japan routes."
Northwest and United own most of the routes between the United States and Japan/Asia. The Pacific routes give Northwest great strategic value because of their profitability relative to domestic and Atlantic routes. At the same time, Northwest isn't taking full advantage of its route authorities; it has more than a dozen routes into Japan that it cannot afford to use at present, and industry observers say the company is continuing to lose ground to United when it comes to Pacific market performance. American, through buying Northwest, could finally compete with United on a level playing field.
Others disagree. "Anybody who thinks that's possible has too much time on his hands," says IAM official Vince Bazzachini. "The two have been arch enemies for a while now. I also think the government would take a serious look at a merger of that size before allowing it."
"With its cost structure, I don't think American is anywhere near positioned to go after and acquire Northwest," says a former high-ranking Northwest executive. "[American Airlines CEO Robert] Crandall may just be so charged up that Northwest would look like the deal to do. But Northwest's pilots are under a different union than American's, and that would be tough to deal with."
He also echoes a point raised by other observers: "Could you imagine Crandall and Checchi and Wilson trying to negotiate?" Both sides have been publicly open about their disrespect for each other. "On paper, American and Northwest would make sense. But look at the egos involved and the labor issues."
But at least one Northwest pilot thinks the labor issues could actually be a benefit. "Our pilots would jump at the chance to switch to an independent pilots union," he said. "If American's and Northwest's pilots got together and had an election, that's what would happen."
§ Northwest and Continental
A merger between Northwest and Continental "is what the boys are fighting KLM over," claims the former Northwest executive. "They could probably combine the two carriers and create an even greater value for their stock. Whether your stock is $45 a share or $55 a share makes all the difference when you go to sell millions of shares."
Continental is doing much better financially than in previous years. Parts of its system would complement Northwest well: its hub in Houston, its operation in southern California, its European presence. It has a lower employee cost structure than Northwest's. And, four years ago, Checchi and Wilson were interested in buying Continental. So there's some degree of familiarity.
"Most of the upper management folks at Northwest come from Continental," Davner adds. Checchi is well-acquainted with the current chairman of Continental, David Bonderman; he is also friendly with Continental's former chairman, Minneapolis banker Carl Pohlad.
But there are "old labor wounds with Continental that would be hard to heal," according to Bazzachini. "Continental decertified the IAM under Frank Lorenzo, so you'd be asking one labor force of union workers to merge with a labor force of scabs."
§ Selling Northwest piece by piece
"Another consideration is that Northwest may be worth much more piecemeal than as a whole," the Northwest pilot says. "American could buy our Pacific routes. Somebody else--like UPS--could buy our cargo routes, which are severely underutilized right now. And an airline like Delta could buy our domestic routes."
This also might make the most sense from the standpoint of Northwest's investors. "They'll have tax problems if they try to sell it all at one time," says one industry official with ties to Northwest's upper management. "So they'll probably try to cut deals where they sell off parts of Northwest and get pieces of other companies at the same time." For what it's worth, this is the one scenario that Northwest adamantly denies.
Whatever the course Northwest elects to follow, timing will count for a lot. The nation's largest airlines are currently enjoying their best financial performance in nearly a decade; in the process, they're generating a ton of cash. United, American, and Delta each have more than $1 billion in cash available. Wall Street expects even better in the future. Considering the condition of the industry (with its continued low fuel prices) and the economy (steady), analysts figure the only way airlines can continue their recent growth rate is through smart mergers.
But besides the notorious volatility of the airline business, there are other specters on Northwest's horizon. According to industry consultant Aikens, "The thing people should be focusing on is the mid-term impact of the wage concession snap-backs in 1996." Labor concessions saving the airline about $280 million a year "snap back" into the picture in August 1996. (According to insiders privy to the labor situation at Northwest, the snap-back provision is "pretty much set in stone," though it's generally thought that Northwest management will try to offset as much of the $280 million as they can by extracting labor concessions on matters such as pensions, benefits, and workplace hours.)
Northwest will likely end 1995 with close to $800 million in available liquidity and cash on hand. But it faces large debt repayments beginning again with $477 million in 1996 and staying at about that level each year through 1999, according to financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
And if fuel prices should begin to rise again, they will have an inordinate impact on Northwest in view of the fact that the airline still operates the most fuel-inefficient fleet among the major carriers. Consider that Northwest's overall passenger yield--the amount of money on average that it makes transporting one person one mile--is no higher today than it was in 1990, when the average cost of jet fuel was roughly 50 percent higher than it is today.
"The clock is ticking. [The Checchi/Wilson team doesn't] want to be here to deal with the snap-backs or to deal with all the union contracts coming due at once," says an airline industry consultant who asked for anonymity. "The last thing you want is to be in a position where you have to negotiate with everyone all at once. It goes against the traditional rule of negotiating: divide and conquer."
And even if things will continue to go well at Northwest through 1996, there's still the fact that Checchi and Wilson bought Northwest as an investment, not to run an airline. "Remember, these guys are corporate raiders," Beyer said. "Their goal is certainly not to have an established loyalty that is too much greater than the value of their checkbooks."
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23 March 2014
25 March 2014 Last updated at 07:13 GMT
Nearly 100 GP surgeries could be forced to close because of cuts to funding.
The British Medical Association says rural practices are particularly at risk from the changes which are due to come into force next month.
Jenny Hill reports on one surgery that is at risk of closure - Coniston Medical Practice.


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Ralph Milton Beard Jr.
Position: Guard ▪ Shoots: Right
Height: 5-10 ▪ Weight: 175 lbs.
Born: December 2, 1927 in Hardinsburg, Kentucky
Died: November 29, 2007
High School: Male in Louisville, Kentucky
College: University of Kentucky
Draft: Chicago Stags, 2nd round, 1949 BAA Draft
NBA Debut: November 1, 1949
Other SR Links: Minors at Baseball-Reference.com, Olympics at Sports-Reference.com
Sponsor this page for $10 and help Basketball-Reference.com provide this service. Your message will replace this ad.


text:
Mark A. LeonEvents -
Mark A. LeonmoderatorDining -
Mark A. LeonmoderatorDiscussion -
- IBMSourcing Executive, present
- United Defense/FMC Corporation (BAE Systems), Goldman Sachs & Co, Merrill Lynch, Comcast Cable, Thomson-Reuters, Courage Center, AT&T, Intellectual Capital Consulting
Solid diversified background in organizational development, team building, change management, compensation structural development and implementation, social media and talent community development, growth and advancement, training, rewards and recognition, recruitment, attrition control, affirmative action administration, labor relations and M&A activities. Relevant corporate environmental exposure in the financial, defense, telecommunications, non-profit, human resource business solutions, and legal publishing sectors.
Training and Development Workshops (Designed and facilitated)
So You Think You Can Interview - ProNet August, 2010
Personal Branding and Social Media Resources - ProNet June, 2010
Personal Branding and Social Media Resources - Lee Hecht Harrison July, 2010
Personal Branding and Social Media Tooling - Lenova Women in Leadership September, 2010
Your Life Bag - ProNet October, 2010
Published Author - "Sonni's Abyss" - Published in July 2008. Second publication entitled "A Beautiful World" tentatively scheduled for an August 2010


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Killer Ratings
Love it or loathe it, there's no denying the impact that reality television has made on the social and cultural landscape. We've seen strangers get married, models devour slimy bugs, fat gay guys get naked on an island, and even Ozzy Osbourne cleaning up dog crap. What's next for the ambitious producer? Find some patsy to put on TV and let viewers vote on a way to kill him? Hmm...
That not-so-outrageous idea is the premise of The Dead Guy, running at Stages Repertory Theatre. Written by Eric Coble, the satire of reality TV and our seemingly insatiable appetite for it also incorporates a live video feed, prerecorded videos and commercials and even its own theme song, making it a truly multimedia affair. Audiences will experience both the "play" and the "show" at the same time. Here's hoping Paris Hilton's in the cast.
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posted on: 3/6/13
I have a networking project that I am working on and want to know if I can get help. It is constructing a WAN including HW SW and connectivity.- Stephanie from Atlanta, GA
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I had a really good experience overall. They literally travel with all the required equipment and make you feel relaxed and in good hands.
It was a bit challenging to find a date (these guys are so busy!) but they're super flexible and come at night and weekends.
They promised to send me the colour of the tint used and a 20% discount for the next session, which is great!
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TRUECarShared publicly -
TrueCar's Steals on Wheels - find out the top discounts on cars in May!
Every week we're sharing five of the very best car prices we can find so we can help new car shoppers find the best deal on their next new car. Last week,
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WordPress has started duplicating apostrophes every time I hit save on a post. (Ex: Michael's becomes Michael''s.) After a few edits I can end up with four or more apostrophes in a row. I think there is some problem with WP converting ASCII characters to HTML, maybe?
Can anyone advise? Thanks for any help you can provide.
I'm using a customized version of the default template.


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Fixed PriceBudget: $50
Start DateFebruary 21, 2013
Simple Right To The Point.
Video Channell Script we need installed if you can handle this I have more work for you please only apply if you are serous and know what you are doing .. I'm hoping to find a creative Programmer who cares about the customers success and takes pride in his or her work. I just learned my lesson never hire a programmer by the hour only fixed price.. if you are fair with me I will be fair with you I need help or I would not be here .. thank you
Skills: banner, video
Activity on this Job
Last Viewed by Client: 3 years ago
Hired: 1
About the Client
United States
Duvall 07:10 AM
Jobs Posted
100% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
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Section 8: Prejudice (PlayStation3)
From GameWinners
Add to this page!
Completion bonus
Successfully complete Story mode to unlock an automatic gun, pistol, and other items for multi-player and offline quick matches.
Complete the following tasks to unlock PlayStation3 trophy rewards.
fcegertl bpvt yesdg gnra
- General E. Impressive (Platinum): Earn all available Trophies for Section 8: Prejudice.
- Basic Training (Bronze): Complete the Answers level of the Campaign.
- Dig Two Graves (Bronze): Complete the Beasts level of the Campaign.
- Mission Accomplished 2.0 (Silver): Complete the Campaign on any difficulty.
- Battle-Hardened (Gold): Complete the Campaign on Hard difficulty.
- Use More Gun (Silver): Defeat the Vehicle Engineer in the Prejudice level of the Campaign before he deploys a Mech. (Video)
- A Thorne in their Side (Bronze): Complete the Stormfront level of the Campaign.
- Star Power (Bronze): Earn 20 Stars.
- Offline Celebrity (Bronze): Earn 40 Stars.
- Disconnected Superstar (Silver): Earn 60 Stars.
- Citronella Armor (Bronze): Win a complete game of Swarm without dying on Medium or harder difficulty.
- Against All Odds (Bronze): Win a complete game of Swarm.
- In the Membrane (Silver): Win a complete game of Swarm on Insane difficulty.
- Exterminator (Silver): Win a game on each map in Swarm on Hard or Insane difficulty.
- Swarmaholic (Bronze): Win a ranked match on each map in Swarm.
- Cheetah (Bronze): Finish the obstacle course in the Answers level of the Campaign in under 53 seconds. (Video)
- Conquistador (Bronze): Win a complete game in Conquest.
- Loud Cartographer (Bronze): Win a ranked match in each map group in Conquest.
- Face Melter (Bronze): Kill an enemy with the Siphon Tool.
- Falling with Style (Bronze): Kill an enemy by dropping on them.
- Napalm in the Morning (Bronze): Kill 2 enemies at the same time with Incendiary damage.
- 'Til It Goes Click (Bronze): Kill 3 enemies in a row with the Machine Gun without reloading. (Video)
- Spice of Life (Bronze): Kill an enemy with each weapon type.
- The Old One-Two Punch (Bronze): Kill an enemy with any weapon after hitting them with a Grenade. (Video)
- Can I Take Your Pulse? (Bronze): Kill 20 enemies with the Pulse Cannon.
- Close-Quarters Specialist (Bronze): Get 20 Defenses or Denials with the Shotgun.
- That's Assault, Brotha (Bronze): Kill 5 enemies in a game with the Assault Rifle from over 100m away. (Video)
- Demolition Man (Bronze): Destroy 32 Structures with the Missile Launcher.
- Mortardom (Bronze): Destroy 5 Vehicles with Mortars.
- Knife to Meet You (Bronze): Fatality an enemy with the Knife. (Video)
- Natural 20! (Bronze): Kill 20 enemies with headshots using the Sniper Rifle. (Video)
- It's a Trap! (Bronze): Destroy an enemy Detpack.
- Garbage Day! (Bronze): Complete a ranked match with the highest Combat score using only the Pistol (12 or more players).
- Moving Violation (Bronze): Kill an enemy by colliding with them using the Bike. (Video)
- Millennium Club (Silver): Kill 1000 enemies.
- Duck Hunt (Bronze): Kill 10 enemies with the Deployable AA Turret.
- Backseat Driver (Bronze): Kill an enemy with any secondary Vehicle seat. (Video)
- I'm the Juggernaut... (Bronze): Kill an enemy by colliding with them while Overdriving. (Video)
- Like a Boss (Gold): Reach level 50 in ranked matches.
- Movin' On Up (Bronze): Reach level 2 in ranked matches.
- Warmed Up (Bronze): Win a ranked match.
- 32 Pieces of Flair (Silver): Earn each Badge in ranked matches.
- Feat-tastic (Bronze): Earn each Feat in ranked matches.
- Were They Even Trying? (Silver): Win a ranked match while holding the enemy team to less than half your team's VP.
- Gotta Cap 'Em All (Silver): Capture each Control Point at least once in a game on a large map.
- Fashionista (Bronze): Customize your armor type.
- Get to da Choppa (Bronze): Survive against the Elimination DCM.
- Oh, the Irony (Bronze): Repair a Supply Depot to full health.
- Mission Possible (Silver): Participate in each DCM successfully in ranked matches.
- Money in the Banana Stand (Bronze): Purchase every Vehicle and Deployable.
Additionally there is one secret trophy.
- My Little Friend (Bronze): Kill an enemy with a Micro Beacon. (Video)
Strategy guides from GameFAQs


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So, there's this cute girl that I've had my eye on ever since I first arrived at college. She's been wanted by millions upon millions of men across the world, actually. But I didn't let this impede my desire to get with her; I mean, come on, I'm an adorable guy. So I figured that maybe she would fancy me.
Well, as of this Saturday, she is technically my property. She belongs to me; everybody, let me introduce you to my new dame! Mrs. Forza 4 Royal!
I didn't think that we'd have a lot in common; I mean, I've never been terribly keen on girls that focus on speed more than anything. (I like to think that other things are more important, but you know...) However, I actually found it refreshing to go out with a girl that is conscious of how she's received by others. She's dressed very well, and looks really pretty in her clothes. However, underneath she's even more attractive... Many men already know this, but not like I do.
But yeah, we really hit it off. She likes the faster lifestyle, which is alright with me. Even my friends like playing with her, which most guys would be against but she's just so smooth at night. We can even be satisfied with her for hours at a time... Am I wrong to feel this way? I hear it's natural for people of my age. She does require a lot of time, and isn't terribly talkative to my other friends, except for through a manly voice with oddly English sensibilities, talking about irrelevant things like races...
Overall, I would say that this girl is a lot more appealing in the long run than Catherine was.


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FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 165-BHP FCPA Enforcement and Lessons Learned for the Compliance Practitioner
The 2016 Summer Olympics will officially* begin in eight days. Yet the U.S. Olympic Committee's (USOC) efforts to enforce the Olympic trademarks are truly an eternal battle. While the USOC has a reputation for aggressively...more
Boston Beer Corporation, makers of Samuel Adams beer, received approval for its intent-to-use trademark application for the word mark BOSTON 2024 for "beer," which generated some news buzz in light of the city's bid for the...more
As we have posted about more than a few times on DuetsBlog over the years (like here and here), the OLYMPICS trademark and the Olympic Rings mark are highly enforced marks that uniquely bear special protection granted from...more
In This Issue:
- How to Use the OLYMPICS/Rings, SUPER BOWL, and MARCH MADNESS Trademarks (Hint: Not Without Permission!)
- Trademark Clearinghouse Registrations - Change to the D.O.T. Rule
- Generic Top Level Domains...more
It's the season of great sporting events, with the Super Bowl and Olympics just around the corner, and with that comes a host of new advertising campaigns. Companies should beware of infringing on Super Bowl and Olympic...more
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Use this tag for questions about preparing, storing or using icing - a sugary topping for desserts such as cakes and donuts. Icing is generally thinner than frosting, and is commonly transparent. Also for questions about techniques for applying icing to the target baked good.
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CANTON, Ga. (AP) - A Georgia man sought in the Jan. 19 beating death of his wife in Canton surrendered to authorities in Mexico where he fled following the slaying, police said.
Canton police spokeswoman Stacy Bailey says 41-year-old Rodney Burton is being charged with murder and two counts of aggravated assault in the death of his wife, 43-year-old Kimberly Burton, an optician.
He has a hearing set Monday in Cherokee Magistrate Court.
Bailey says the fugitive had spent the last two months in Cancun and Cozumel. Burton was taken into custody Saturday by federal marshals working with U.S. customs agents and Mexican authorities.
He's being held in the Cherokee County Adult Detention Center in Canton. It was not immediately known if he had an attorney.
(Copyright 2009 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Yes, the most revealing part of the story was about Tabella: "There are a few rowdy jackasses at the door, but security works quickly to move them down the street."
Well that's really wonderful for folks who live "down the street" from Tabella. This is precisely why these types of clubs are bad for nearby residents. Great, they keep the hostile drunks out of the club -- but by sending them out in the neighborhood?
Who buys drugs in a bathroom?
#1, see keeping them out of the club is a good thing. Putting them on the street makes them the police department's priority and not the clubs.
You see, that's what we pay police to do.
#3 Sure, if it is an occasional problem. If a club is constantly attracting these types of people, and constantly creating a situation that requires police attention, then there is a problem with the club. You think cops are free?
#1 unless the club moved in after you, you should have known what you were getting into.
There are plenty of places to live that aren't near clubs, especially rowdy ones.
If they moved in after you, you have a point, but anywhere you live, you face the possibility of having rowdy neighbors.
#5 The club moved in well after I did. I like people having fun. The noise can be annoying but that's part of the bargain. However, when people start getting shot in front of my building, yes, I have a problem.
I don't really agree with your comment, though. Even if I had just moved in yesterday, I should have a right to expect that nearby businesses are not attracting violent criminals to my street.
These things happen. Nothing you do will change that. There will always be violence, drugs, much like there will always be whiny little bitches such as yourself.
Shut 'em down. There will always be murder, too, but you don't have to sit and watch it happen and do nothing. Shut these clubs down.
Tabellahood, I live in safe, safe Ballard and I still see crackheads in my sweet little corner store that is run by the nicest family ever, and I still here gunshots, and there are still fights, etc, etc.
I agree, no one wants violence in their 'hood. I think most of us don't want violence anywhere. And I'm guessing that the clubs in question don't want it anymore than you or I or anyone else.
I'm sure they are just some guys who wanted to open a club because it seemed like a fun, agreeable way to make some money. And I'm sure not everyone who goes there is violent, or wants violence.
I guess what I'm trying to say is that there probably really isn't a magic solution to the problem. Some places may be more likely to attract the "wrong crowd" than others, but I'm sure whoever is "in charge" isn't trying to attract THEM, they are trying to attract other people who happen to like similar music, atmosphere, etc and it's just a fact of life that people who suck are all over.
Don't get me wrong, I've never been to any of the places in question, as they are not my thing, but I don't want to see the places I like to go be the next target because some jackasses who don't even go there regularly decide to fight outside.
I am also a Tabella neighbor, but not a NIMBY. I have lived in the neighborhood for years and I have never been inside either Tabella or Venom (went into Medusa a couple times). I listened to the arguement and the subsequent gun shots of the most recent incident. Sure it was a bit unsettling, but that same thing could have happened anywhere in the city. After it was over, I rolled over and went right back to sleep.
While shots are never a good thing, noise of all kinds are part of living in the city. Get over it.
Shutting these clubs down won't do a thing to stop crime from happening in the neighborhood. It might make it seem a bit whiter and more sanitized though which is really what most of the "Shut these clubs down" folks are saying if you read between the lines.
Not trying to sound snarky, but if you think that places in Ballard compare to Tabella and Venom, you need to come check out Western Ave. on a Friday or Saturday night and you'll understand the difference.
I don't agree that shutting down these clubs wouldn't make any difference. How many shootings happened on Western when Venom was still an Italian restaurant and Tabella didn't exist?
It is easy to throw around the term NIMBY. It has no relevance in this case. No one in any neighborhood should have to live near a place that attracts drunks & meth-heads wielding loaded guns.
I'm not saying that Ballard compares to Western Ave, or Belltown anywhere, or downtown, or Capital Hill or...you get the picture. I'm just saying that urban life in general has it's fair share of crazies and violent people. Trust me, I've been to the neighborhood in question, and all the others I've mentioned. I go to some more often than others and one reason I might be more inclined to hang out (or live) in a particular neighborhood would be for safety's sake. Or quiet's sake, or the sake of not living next door to a rowdy nightclub. I'm not really afraid to go to any part of town I may feel compelled to go to, but I do make a point of being aware of what dangers may await in any given part of town. And I certainly would not live in certain areas for pretty much any reason.
I understand your point, Violet, and I'm basically in agreement. I do think though, that there has to be some kind of community standard for clubs. If shootings were happening outside a club on a weekly or nightly basis, would you say "hey, it's a city, this stuff happens -- the police should deal with it"? I don't think any reasonable person would say that (though maybe some folks at the Stranger would, I don't know). At that point, most folks would agree that the club is a menace. Now I think a lot of people would argue that the problems aren't bad enough in Seattle to warrant any intervention. Perhaps. Of course when someone gets shot in front of your building, it can change your perspective.
Tabellahead, what attracts the drunks and methheads are all of the shelters in the neighborhood, combined with one of the largest open-air drug markets in the city - 2 blocks away, plus plenty of places to run and hide from the police. Addicts roam around the block 24x7. Tabella and Venom aren't open 24x7.
My guess is that if you were to write down your wishlist for community standards of clubs, #1 on the list would be "not so many black people listening to hip-hop music".
The fence that recently went up by the Marriott is a good start at solving one of those problems, the increased police presence (at least during daytime hours) at the drug market is another. Your list of "community standards for clubs".. Just racism..
"Closing time in New York is 4:00 a.m., and that doesn't mean that people stay out getting drunk until 4:00 a.m. every night. It allows people to clear out at their own pace. When all the bars in Seattle close at 2:00 a.m., you wind up with thousands of people milling around on the sidewalk with no open businesses and not enough taxis, and that's when things start to happen."
Chances are this is the smartest thing I've ever heard in this debate. When I lived in the French Quarter they served alcohol 24 hours a day, no one ever stayed out past 4am and the noise never bothered me a bit. Making last call 2am (or 1:30am in the place I go to...) means that every single drunk in the city hits the streets at EXACTLY the same time. Letting people filter out as they want means a trickle of rowdy kids, not a torrent. In NYC the clubs are within puking distance of hundreds of condos and noise is taken very seriously, yet they don't seem to have much of a problem... When you show up at a bar at 11pm and have exactly 3 hours (or less) to pound drinks before they kick you out, it's no wonder they have drunken riots here.
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, Volume 35, Issue 1, pp 91-104
First online:
Mercury-selenium-bromine imbalance in premature parturient California sea lions
- J. H. MartinAffiliated withCalifornia State UniversityMoss Landing Marine Laboratories
- , P. D. ElliottAffiliated withCalifornia State UniversityMoss Landing Marine Laboratories
- , V. C. AnderliniAffiliated withLawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California
- , D. GirvinAffiliated withLawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California
- , S. A. JacobsAffiliated withLawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California
- , R. W. RisebroughAffiliated withBodega Marine Laboratory, University of California
- , R. L. DelongAffiliated withMarine Mammal Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Naval Support Activity
- , W. G. GilmartinAffiliated withBio-Systems Program, Naval Undersea Center
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High premature birth rates have been observed in the rookeries of the California sea lion Zalophus californianus since 1968. The reasons for the premature pupping are complex and, hence, not well understood, although leptospirosis infection and elevated PCB and DDT residues have been implicated. We were interested in determining what role trace and major elements played in these events. Livers and kidneys from 10 normal parturient and 10 premature parturient mothers and their pups were analyzed for Hg, Se, Br, Cd, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, K, Na, Ca, and Mg in order to detect differences that might exist between the two groups. A further objective was to establish how these elements varied in relation to each other in the normal and abnormal sea lions. Our results revealed that Hg, Se, Cd, and Br levels were significantly higher in the livers of the normal mothers and that these elements were all in balance (highly correlated) with each other. This was especially true for Hg, Se, and Br. In mothers with high concentrations of these elements (e.g. Hg greater than 800 μg/g dry weight), atomic ratios of approximately 1Hg:1Se:1Br were observed. Atomic Se:Hg ratios were also near unity in the abnormal mothers; however, Br concentrations were always severely depressed in these individuals. Normal full-term pups had higher hepatic levels of Hg and Se, and near-perfect 1:1 Se:Hg atomic ratios were almost always observed. In contrast, the livers of the premature pups appeared to be deficient in Hg, and, consequently, elevated Se:Hg ratios were always found. In almost all cases, the premature pups had increased concentrations of Na, Ca, and Br. Levels of these elements were correlated with their Se:Hg ratios. Amounts of Mn and Cu were reduced in the premature pups and negatively correlated with Se:Hg ratios. The results suggest that balance between elements is of more importance than absolute concentration when the possible effects of toxic elements are considered. It also appears that bromine may be important in the detoxification process involving Se and Hg and perhaps Cd as well; i.e., every mother that had Br in balance with Hg, Cd, and Se had a normal pup, while every mother that lacked sufficient Br had a premature pup. The question of whether Hg detoxifies Se is also raised. All the normal pups had Se:Hg atomic ratios of less than 2.2, while all the premature pups had reduced Hg amounts and Se:Hg ratios above 3.4.
Reference tools
- Title
- Mercury-selenium-bromine imbalance in premature parturient California sea lions
- Journal
Marine Biology
Volume 35, Issue 1 , pp 91-104
- Cover Date
- 1976-03
- Print ISSN
- 0025-3162
- Online ISSN
- 1432-1793
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- J. H. Martin (1) (2)
- P. D. Elliott (1) (2)
- V. C. Anderlini (3)
- D. Girvin (3)
- S. A. Jacobs (3)
- R. W. Risebrough (4)
- R. L. Delong (5)
- W. G. Gilmartin (6)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. California State University, San Francisco, USA
- 2. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, USA
- 3. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- 4. Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Bodega Bay, California, USA
- 5. Marine Mammal Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Naval Support Activity, Seattle, Washington, USA
- 6. Bio-Systems Program, Naval Undersea Center, San Diego, California, USA


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The Light at the End of the Tunnel?
Good morning, Netizens...
What is the light at the end of the tunnel in Afghanistan?
Some say it is the elimination of the Taliban. Several nations have made valiant attempts at rescuing Afghanistan from itself and failed. Although President Obama inherited the war in Afghanistan, is there a clear pathway leading us to closure there?
Have we started a war with no logical end, or is Afghanistan the modern-day version of Vietnam?
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Friday, October 6th, 2006
Is there anything else you can tell me about Windows Vista? I'm anxiously awaiting its arrival, but I'm still not sure if I should upgrade to it or not? Please help!
This is a very good question. Windows' new operating system, Windows Vista, is on the rise with its release date getting closer and closer. Without being able to actually view and experiment with this… Continue reading


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AL House Committee Approves Education Trust Fund Budget
Posted: 05/19/2015 - Committee Approves Budget Set At Nearly $6 Billion For 2016.
Posted: 05/19/2015 - Committee Approves Budget Set At Nearly $6 Billion For 2016.
Updated: 08/17/2015 - Board Selects Ledbetter Over Dr. Carla Evers.
Posted: 05/15/2015 - It may be the end of the year--but the freshmen at Carroll High School are still hard at work.
Updated: 11/09/2015 - Coppinville Junior High School cheerleaders in Enterprise grill lunch for emergency responders.
Posted: 05/13/2015 - A standing-room-only crowd packed the Chipley High School gymnasium in Chipley, Florida on the evening of Tuesday, May 12, as Florida Panhandle Technical College proudly graduated several hundred students.
Updated: 11/09/2015 - Around 100 ESCC students took part in tonight's graduation ceremony..
Posted: 05/07/2015 - A pickup truck collided with a school bus this morning, injuring 4 students and the bus driver.
Updated: 08/17/2015 - Dr. Carla Evers & Dr. Charles Ledbetter Set To Meet The Public.
Updated: 05/06/2015 - Students Will Make Up Days On May 26th & 27th.
Posted: 05/05/2015 - The Dothan Education Foundation and Dothan City Schools are partnering to present and guide the community through the process of interpreting test scores.
Updated: 08/17/2015 - School Board Narrows Field From Four To Two.
Posted: 04/30/2015 - Dothan City School board wraps up interviews for next Superintendent
Updated: 08/17/2015 - Dothan City Schools back in session on Wednesday.
Updated: 04/28/2015 - One of the candidates for Dothan City School Superintendent has dropped out.
Updated: 04/27/2015 - ALL Dothan City Schools will remain closed Tuesday April 28th.
Updated: 04/27/2015 - Houston County Schools Will Be Open On Monday.
Updated: 04/21/2015 - Cottonwood students came together today to help clean up their community.
Posted: 04/20/2015 - Several hundred fans and well-wishers attended the 2nd Annual Lowe's-SkillsUSA 'Battle of the Bands' on April 18 at the Washington County Ag Center in Chipley.
Posted: 04/20/2015 - Elementary Teacher Kyle Schwartz asked students what they wish their teacher knew and the assignment revealed students' heartbreak.
Updated: 04/19/2015 - As of right now, Cottonwood High School will not have classes Monday (April 20, 2015).
Updated: 04/17/2015 - 6 Candidates in line to replace Tim Wilder.
Updated: 04/16/2015 - Dale County schools superintendent Donny Bynum will not seek re-election at the end of his term.
Posted: 04/15/2015 - The Alabama Senate today passed the $5.9 billion Education Trust Fund budget, sending the proposal to the House for consideration.
Posted: 04/14/2015 - Alumni and Community given one last chance to save Ashford Academy from closing
Updated: 04/14/2015 - Dothan Police arrested a teenager who brought a gun to a Dothan middle school.


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The Ladies talk about their favorite games, with a little help from the MyMac.com writers. They also mention the release of Mountain Lion, and why Google is stopping production of the 16GB Nexus 7.
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I knew it was only a matter of time. Back when the iPhone was first released the only apps on the device was those created by Apple. It didn't take the company long to roll out the ability for third party developers to create an ecosystem that would take the platform to new heights. And, obviously to everyone, it was video games that led the charge.
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Matt Damon and Jimmy Kimmel Go to Couples Therapy Again. Does It Work This Time?
- 03:22 PM, Jul 26
Kelli Garner on The Set of Pan Am Filming on Location in Brooklyn
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Epicuren Discovery Epicuren Apricot Scrub
5 reviews
20% would repurchase
Package Quality: 2.6
Price: $$$
Package Quality: 2.6
Price: $$$
on 12/15/2012 2:58:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brown, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Brown
Save your money and buy St. Ives apricot scrub. This is basically the same thing but for 3 x's the price. I use to work at a spa where we carried the epicuren line and I didn't notice any difference between St. Ives and epicuren's apricot scrub. On top of that it's ridiculously expensive (and that's even with my discount!). If you are acne-prone, I'd recommend their Benzyl Peroxide scrub (check my review on that).
on 4/28/2012 9:22:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Acne-prone, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
I have used this, and to be honest, it's essentially a priced up version of St. Ives Apricot Scrub. For what it is and what it does, it's insanely expensive.
Definitely NOT Epicuren's best offering for the price. Save your money for their glycolic acid or their probiotic moisturizer, and get the St. Ives if you're looking for an apricot scrub.
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on 6/1/2007 10:28:00 AM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Oily, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Blue
This product uses ground apricot pits as its exfoliant which really isn't a good idea, period. The roughness of this type of exfoliant will create tiny tears in your skin that could become infected and at the least, irritated. I'm 37 with acne-prone/oily skin and a product like this will just make my skin more irritated and make the acne worse. My dermatologist recommended it to me (!) so I thought it might be a better product than it is. So it doesn�t go to waste, I�m now using it as a foot scrub.
on 11/28/2003 9:27:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Normal, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Other, Other, Other
Eyes: Other
I like this only if I use it two to three times a week in the mornings. I would definitely recommend calling Epicuren directly or speaking to an authorized rep before ordering to know a goofd regimen as their products are somewhat of an investment.
on 11/12/2003 9:08:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Dry, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This is an exact copy of the Aapri Apricot Scrub that I used to use when I was 15. I can't believe that Epicuren is selling this as a high end product. What are they thinking!
Popular Scrubs
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text:
Site is http://www.wincpartners.org/
I'm just putting together a new install for some of our promotional material for my organization.
Most of the theme is easily editable - but I would like to change the three widget areas at the bottom to TWO - and make them wider to accommodate the sizes of the embeds I am trying to use. I am aware that I can change the size of the embeds - but figuring out how to edit these widget areas and add new ones is something I want to do anyway.