text:
Opened 8 years ago
Closed 8 years ago
Last modified 5 years ago
#7753 closed (fixed)
NullBooleanField does not clean data correctly when widget=forms.HiddenInput
|Reported by:
|Owned by:
|Triage Stage:
|Has patch:
|Needs documentation:
|Needs tests:
|Patch needs improvement:
|Easy pickings:
Consider the following snippet of a forms.py file:
class TestForm(forms.Form): null_bool=forms.NullBooleanField(widget=forms.HiddenInput, initial=True)
In django.newforms.widgets, the NullBooleanSelect widget normalizes all the input to either True, False, or None. Up until now, the nullBooleanField.clean() method has expected the input to be in one of these three forms.
However, when a HiddenInput widget is used, that normalization is bypassed, and the NullBooleanfield.clean() method receives a string. In the case I meantioned above, the string would be 'True'. In the (non-null) BooleanField.clean() method, specific tests are done for this, but they're not done in the NullBooleanField.clean() method, and I believe they should be.
A patch is included, with tests.
For convenience,
http://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/newforms/widgets.py#L226 - NullBooleanSelect widget
http://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/newforms/fields.py#L560 - Booleanfield field, with the NullBooleanfield defined right below.
Attachments (3)
Change History (10)
Changed 8 years ago by ElliottM
fixed a tabbing thing
comment:1 Changed 8 years ago by Alex
- Needs documentation unset
- Needs tests unset
- Patch needs improvement unset
- Triage Stage changed from Unreviewed to Accepted
You should use tuples for the groups(ie (True, 'True')) in place of lists, otherwise this looks good by me.
Changed 8 years ago by ElliottM
replaced lists with tuples
comment:2 Changed 8 years ago by julien
- Triage Stage changed from Accepted to Ready for checkin
comment:3 Changed 8 years ago by mtredinnick
- Patch needs improvement set
- Triage Stage changed from Ready for checkin to Accepted
I don't really like the test addition here. It's a bit fragile, since it's basically testing that the internal representation doesn't change. Instead, what should be tested is that when a field of this type is rendered as a hidden field, we correctly re-process that value back to True or False, as appropriate. In other words, the internal representation is irrelevant. What's important is that we round-trip the data correctly. So I think we can have a better test here before checking this in.
Changed 8 years ago by julien
Same patch with, hopefully, stronger tests
comment:4 Changed 8 years ago by julien
I gave it a go at writing stronger tests. But you may disagree with those...
Those tests don't do the full round-trip with transparent values (as, I agree with Malcolm, it would be ideal). But at least they assert the values both at the rendering and the cleaning stages.
comment:5 Changed 8 years ago by Alex
- Resolution set to fixed
- Status changed from new to closed
Fixed in r8661.
comment:6 Changed 8 years ago by jacob
comment:7 Changed 5 years ago by jacob
- milestone 1.0 deleted
Milestone 1.0 deleted


text:
Manatee and Charlotte lose bids for federal education grants
Published: Wednesday, December 12, 2012 at 1:45 p.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, December 12, 2012 at 1:45 p.m.
School districts in Manatee and Charlotte counties have missed out on their bid for $28 million federal grants.
The districts were among the 61 finalists from 372 applications to the Race to the Top program, which rewards states and districts that adopt education reforms.
The U.S. Department of Education announced Tuesday the grants would go to 16 districts including Miami-Dade. The awards range from $10 million to $40 million.
Manatee's application was ranked 22nd. Charlotte's was in 36th place.
Manatee officials had planned to use the money to install engineering labs in all of its 34 elementary schools and in local charter schools.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.

subset: commoncrawl


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SMC's Pete and Susan Barrett Art Gallery is located at the SMC Performing Arts Center (Santa Monica Blvd. & 11th St., Santa Monica). For information and gallery hours, please call (310) 434-3434 or (310) 434-8204, or visit our gallery website (www.visualartsource.com).
Exhibits, opening receptions, and gallery talks and lectures are FREE.
SMC Mentor Program in the Arts Exhibition
Tue, June 7 – Sat, June 18
Come enjoy works by students in SMC's interdisciplinary,
studio-based art program exploring a variety of art forms, contemporary
concepts, and professional development opportunities in the art world.
Gallery reception on
Saturday, June 4, from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Emeritus College Student Art Exhibition
Thu, May 5 – Wed, July 6
Don't miss our popular annual group exhibition of creative works by Emeritus College students.
Opening reception on Thursday, May 5, from 5 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
Erwin Glaub
Thu, July 14 – Wed, September 14
Come explore visually rich works filled with 'Pop Visionary Hieroglyphics.'
Opening reception on Thursday, July 14, from 5 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
Santa Monica College • 1900 Pico Boulevard Santa Monica, CA 90405 USA • (310) 434-4000
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text:
Collaboration Teams - Members share responsibility for posting refined answers to the guided readings - succinct, relevant, clear, and with pictures or a video to compliment.When contributing to the reading guide, follow these steps:
1) First complete the reading guide on your own from the Nervous System unit page.
2) Write your response to a question in word and then copy it. Be sure to upload pictures and/or video for each question.
3) Click on the edit button and then go to the appropriate question and paste your answer below it. Sign your contribution with your first name and last initial and TEAM COLOR
4) Save the page by selecting "Save with comment" from the Save dropdown. Enter a comment (e.g. "I answered chp 26 question 3" - Tom S.) then click Save.
|Sam V
Sam B
AP Biology
Chapter 48 Guided Reading Assignment
1. What is a nerve net?
A nerve net is the structure that the neurons controlling the contraction of the gastro-vascular cavity are arranged in
Taihlor C
2. Compare and contrast the central and peripheral nervous systems.
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of a brain and longtitudinal nerve cords that extend all the way down to the posterior of the body. All other nerves that send feedback to the CNS via the longitudinal nerve cords or ganglion (nerve clusters) are known collectively as the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
CNS- small brain and long logitudinal nerve cords- found in simple organisms such as worms.
PNS-nerves that connect the CNS with the rest of the body.
Below is a video describing the difference in depth:
-Sam V.
Ashley A
3. How does the organization of the nervous system of a _ compare with the organization of the nervous system of a ?
a. Hydra and insect
Hydra is made up of a nerve net
Insects have a brain, nerve cord, transverse nerves and eye spots
b. Hydra and flatworm
The hydra lacks a CNS, relying on their nerve net for simple life functions. The flatworm has a simple CNS due to its brain and the collection of lateral nerve cords down its body. Thanks to this it has more complex movement capabilities.
|another hydra
c. Leech and salamander
The leech is an invertebrate, meaning it has no backbone. Instead, it has a CNS made of a small ventral nerve cord lined by ganglia. The salamander, a vertebrate, has a spinal cord (dorsal nerve cord) that attaches to its more complex brain. Along the back bone are clusters of sensory ganglia on both sides of the backbone and tail. The brain is complex enough for eyesight and some primal reasoning while the ganglia around the body and tail control complex quadruped movement and control of its powerful tail.
-Taihlor C
4. What are the functions of the following:
a. Sensory neurons- receive outside stimuli (heat, touch, light, etc.) and data from within the body (heart rate, hunger, need for O2, etc.) and transmit the data to the interneurons.
b. Interneurons- collect data from sensory neurons (PNS) and process it based on current status and past experience (logic in CNS), then relay an appropriate action to the motor neurons.
c. Motor neurons- receive commands from the interneurons (CNS) and create a response by communicating with surrounding effector cells.
d. Effector cells- cells like muscle cells and endocrine cells that respond to the commands of the motor neurons and perform tasks as a result.
Here's a video about all these parts of the central nervous system:
(skip ahead to around 3:00; the rest is just basic info. about the nervous system) Above is another video, just for fun. -Sam V.
5. Why is it advantageous for the reflex response to circumvent instructions from the brain? Why might it be disadvantageous?
In some cases, a direct reaction from sensory neuron to motor neuron is necessary. When an event harmful to the body requires almost instant action to deal with, there is no time for the sensory nerves in the PNS to send the data all the way to brain's interneurons for processing. Instead, the data is picked up by a motor neuron connecting the spine to a muscle cell to stop the problem. Take this example:
In other cases, this could be a problem. If a nerve transmission from a sensory neuron completely bypasses the brain in a situation where some processing could be beneficial in preventing excess damage to the body, unnecessary pain or trauma can occur. Think about when you trip and fall. In the brief moment between the initial event (you tripping) and the resulting event (you face-planting/falling backward, potentially killing you), your brain takes in data from the PNS, commands motor neurons attached to your arms, and causes you to place your hands between your head and the floor. This comes in handy.
-Sam V.
6. Describe the path of a nerve signal below.
The dendrites recieve signals from other neurons, then are passed to the axon. The axon transmits signals to other cells.( neurons or effector cells) The axon hillock that is the place where the conical region joins the cell body is where the signals that travel down the axon are generated. the axons are coverd by the myelin sheath which is an insulating coat that is interrupted by nodes of ranvier. that is where saltatory conduction occurs. then the axon divides into branches called synaptic terminals. they communicate between a synaptic terminal and other cells called synapses. the information is passed from the neron to the recving cell (neurotransmitter). this is what happens in the vertebrate neuron.
- Katie Halbruner
7. Why are glial cells important?
They are important because they are supporting cells. They are essential for the structural integrity of the nervous system and for the normal functioning of neurons. They outnumber neurons in the mammal brain.
Tyler Hanssens
8. What are astrocytes?
Astrocytes are located in the Central Nervous System, they have several important roles. The first role is structurally supporting the neuron, next they help to regulate the amount of ions as well as neurotransmitters. Over all Astrocytes help neurons obtain Glucose and Oxygen at a faster rate.
-Dahlia M.
9. What is the blood brain barrier and why is it important?
The blood brain barrier is able to create a barrier between the brain tissue along with the circulating blood. This helps to protect the Central Nervous System. The way it protects the CNS is by controlling the passage way of substances.
-Dahlia M.
10. Explain why myelin is important in nerve conduction?
The myelin sheath is very important in nerve conduction because it provides electrical insulation of the azon anaolgous to plastic insulation that covers many electrical wirse. it helps nerve signal transmisson because without the myelin sheath you could have extreme loss of body funnction, or disruption in the signal transmisson of the nerves.
- Katie Halbruner
11. Define the following terms:
a. Membrane potential
the charge difference between a cell's cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid, due to the differential distribution of ions.
b. Resting potential
It is the membrane potential characteristic of a no conducting, excitable cell, with the inside of the cell more negative than the outside.
Tyler Hanssens
12. Discuss the three types of gated ion channels below:
a. Stretch The stretch gated ion channels are in cells that sense stretch. They open when the membrane is deformed.
b. Ligand THE The ligand gated channels are found at the synapses and they open or close when a certain chemical (neurotransmitter binds to the channel )
c. Voltage The voltage ion channels are in axons and sometimes in dendrites and cell bodies of neurons. they open or close when membrane potential changes.
- Katie Halbruner.
13. Define the following terms:
a. Hyperpolarization: An electrical state in which the inside of the cell is more negative relative to the outside than at the resting membrane potential. A neuron membrane is hyperpolarized if a stimulus increases its voltage from the resting potential of -70 mV, reducing the chance that the neuron will transmit a nerve impulse.
b. Depolarization: An electrical state in an excitable cell whereby the inside of the cell is made less negative relative to the outside than at the resting membrane potential. A neuron membrane is depolarized if a stimulus decreases its voltage from the resting potential of -70mV in the direction of zero voltage.
c. Graded potentials: A local voltage change in a neuron membrane induced by stimulation of a neuron, with strength proportional to the strength of the stimulus and lasting about a millisecond.
d. Threshold: The potential an excitable cell membrane must reach for an action potential to be initiated.
e. Action potential:
A rapid change in the membrane potential of an excitable cell, causing by stimulus-triggered, selective opening and closing of voltage-sensitive gates in sodium and potassium ion channels.
In this video, it shows how action potential works and goes through the neuron (this is one of the most important concepts to understand in this chapter).
-Mike G.
14. Use the diagram to describe the generation of an action potential.
|The process of action potential begins when a stimulus opens a gate where Na+ goes through some sodium channels (depolarizes the membrane) as you can see in step 2. Then in step 3 mostly all sodium channels open allowing Na+ to come inside the membrane causing the inside of the membrane to turn positive (step 3). Then most of the sodium channels close and most of the Potassium channels open allowing K+ to efflux, making the inside of the cell negative (step 4). Then (step 5) both gates of the sodium channel are closed, but the activation gates of some potassium channels are still open. As the Potassium gates close, the inactivation gates open on the sodium channels, and the membrane returns to its resting state.
This video is a great example to show how the charges of inside outside the membrane changes as action potential is formed.
-Mike G
15. How do the various factors affect the speed of an action potential?
a. Larger axon:
The larger (wider) the axon's diameter, the faster the conduction. This is because resistance to the flow of electrical current is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of a conductor (such as a wire or an axon).
b. Myelination and salutatory conduction
Myelination: Myelin increases the conduction speed of action potentials by insulating the axon membrane. Insulation has the same effect as increasing the axon's diameter. The great advantage of myelination is its space efficiency.
Salutatory Conduction: Rapid transmission of a nerve impulse along an axon, resulting from the action potential jumping from one node of Ranvier to another, skipping the myelin-sheathed regions of membrane.
Salutatory Conduction can transmit action potentials at speeds up to 120 m/s in myelinated axons.
The picture is a good reprisentation of how the myelin acts as a insulation for the axon. Thus allowing the information to pass quicker.
-Alecia Seliga
16. Use the diagram below to describe the conduction of the action potential.
|1. an action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at 1 location.
2. to the left the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward. depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane reinitiating the action potential there.
3. the depolarization repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane in the way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the lenght of the axon.
17. What happens at the synaptic cleft?
action potential depolarizes membrane, opens Ca++ channels, neurotransmitter vesicles fuse with membrane, release neurotransmitter to synaptic cleft, neurotransmitter binds with protein receptor, ion-gated channels open, neurotransmitter degraded or reabsorbed
Ryan Hanssens
18. Contrast excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
excitatory postsynaptic potential- membrane potential is moved towards the threshold
inhibitory postsynaptic potential- membrane potential is moved away from the threshold
Ryan Hanssens
Spatial summation is a orderly firing of multiple action-potentials worth of neurotransmitters onto the postsynaptic neuron that will make reach the threshold and fire a subsequent action potential.
Whereas temporal summation is the single synapse firing a multiple of times, within succession of each other. As the neurotransmitter builds within the synapse, the single becomes stronger, to the post-synaptic neuron.
Brett Sutow
20. What happens when indirect synaptic transmission takes place?
This happens when a neurotransmitter is sent indirectly and connects and blocks the synaptic receptor.
When this happens it will block and inhibit it for several minutes or seconds.
Brett Sutow
21. Discuss the neurotransmitters listed below:
a. Acetylcholine: most common neurotransmitters in vertebrates and invertebrates. It is excitatory to vertebrate skeletal muscles.
b. Biogenic amines
i. Epinephrine and norepinephrine:
types of biogenic amines derived from amino acids. They are in the group catecholamines produced from tyrosine. They also function as hormones.
ii. Dopamine
biogenic amine closely related to epinephrine and norepinephrine. It is released at many sites in the brain. Effects sleep, mood, attention, and learning.
iii. Serotonin
biogenic amine synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Prozac enhances the effect of serotonin by inhibiting its uptake after release.
c. GABA
neurotransmitter at most inhibitory synapses in the brain and produces IPSPs by increasing the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to Cl-.
d. Endorphins
neuropeptide that functions as a natural analgesic, decreasing pain perception. Opiates bind to receptors by mimicking endorphins, which are produced in the brain during times of physical or emotional stress, such as childbirth. It also decreases urine output by stimulating ADH secretion, depress respiration, produce euphoria, and have other emotional effects.
e. Nitrous oxide
dissolved gas released by neurons of the vertebrate PNS and CNS. it's released into the erectile tissue penis of a human male during sexual arousal. In response to the NO, smooth muscle cells relax, which causes the blood vessels to dilate and fill the erectile tissue with blood, producing an erection. Unlike typical neurotransmitters, NO is not stored in cytoplasmic vesicles, cells synthesize it on demand.
22. What is the difference between gray matter and white matter?
Grey Matter: Composed of Dentrites and Cell Bodies
White Matter: Composted of Axons and myelin sheath
*Both in CNS
megan r
23. Define the following terms:
a. Central nervous system (CNS): Involves brain, spinal cord and nerves
b. Peripheral nervous system (PNS): Involves sensory and motor neurons that are connected to CNS
c. Somatic nervous system: Carries signals to and from skeletal muscles in response to external stimuli. Considered voluntary because it is subject to consious control.
d. Autonomic nervous system: (Involuntary Movement) Regulates internal environment by controlling smooth and cardiac muscles and organs of the digestive, cardiovascular, excretatory and endocrine systems. 3 Divisons: Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and enteric.
megan r
24. Contrast the core functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
Sympathetic: corresponds to arousal and energy generation. Fight of Flight (Before a fight, heart beats faster)
Parasympathetic: promotes calming and return to self-maintenance functions. Rest and digest
megan r
25. What are the three brain region during embryonic development?
Forebrain: Develops into the Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Cerebrum.
Midbrain: Develops into the sensory integrating and relay centers that send sensory information to the cerebrum.
*The cerebrum is composed of the R and L hemispheres, is the integrating center of memory, learning, emotions and other complex functions of the nervous system is.
Hindbrain: Later develops into the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum.
As they develop they divide structurally and functionally. All are a part of the ancestral and embryonic regions of the vertebrate brain.
megan r
26. What are the parts of the brainstem and what are its functions?
Midbrain: sesnort integrating and relay centers that send sensory info to the cerebrum.
Pons: Regulates breathing centers in the Medulla.
Medulla Oblongata: Contains centers that conrtol several visceral functions such as breathing, heart and blood vessel activity, swallowing, vomiting and digestion.
(This is a sheep brain)
megan r
27. What is the reticular formation?
A network or neurons containing over 90 seperate clusters of cell bodies. Is present in the brainstem. It filters sensory imput, blocking familiar and repetitive infor that constantly enters the nervous system. It sends the filtered input to the cerebral cortex.
megan r
28. What are the core functions of the cerebellum
Some of the core functions of the cerebellum are:
- coordination
- error checking during motor, perceptual, and cognitive functions
- including learning, decision making, consciousness, and interpret sensory information in the enviornment.
- learning and remembering motor skills
- hand-eye coordination
~ Fernanda R. ~
29. What are the parts of the diencephalons and what are its functions?
There are three parts to the diencephalons. The epithalamus includes the pineal gland and clusters of capillaries that help produce CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid). However, the diencephalons are mostly made up of the thalamus and the hypothalamus. The thalamus is the area in which sensory information will go to before it hits the cerebrum and its also the main output center for motor information. All senses are sorted in the thalamus and sent to the appropriate place afterwards. The hypothalamus is the center for equilibrium in your body. This part of your brain regulates temperature, the releasing and uptaking of hormones, and other survival methods, just as hunger and thirst.
^^ Simple view of the diencephalon.
30. What are circadian rhythms?
Circadian rythms include sleep/wake cycle.
Biological clok that is involved in regulating the circadian rhythms. Regulate: hormone release, hunger, etc.
In mammals, the biological clock is uprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) is a pair of hypothalamic structures.
31. Describe the cerebral hemispheres.
The cerebrum is divided into 2 parts left and right hemispheres. The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres. The cerebral cortex, gray matter, covers each hemisphere. Each hemisphere also consists of internal white matter and basal nuclei, which is groups of neurons located deep within the white matter.
^^ the left and right hemispheres and what they control
~ Fernanda R. ~
32. What is the corpus callosum?
The corpus callosum is a thick band of axons that enable communication between the right and left cerebral cortices in the brain
-sam b
This is a short video that shows the functions of the corpus callosum and how communication between the two hemispheres is achieved.
- Alina Dyak
33. What is the limbic system and what is its function?
The limbic system is a ring of structures around the brainstem, including the amygdala, hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. This region of the brain interacts with the higher brain centers, and mediates primary emotions. These structures also interact with the sensory areas of the neocortex, attaching emotional feelings to basic, survival-related tasks controlled within the brainstem, including agression, feeding, and sexuality. These structures form early in development and provide a foundation for cognitive functions.
-Sam B.
This video explains the limbic systems functions.
-Alina Dyak
Skim ahead to Ch 49 and try to answer these:
34. Explain how the nervous system produces graded contractions of whole muscles.
Muscle fibers contain one motor neuron each, and together they work as a network to to synape with multiple muscle fibers.
The force of muscle contraction can be graded by changing the frequency of discharge in active motor units and by changing the number of active motor units, resulting in forces graded between the tension of a twitch in the smallest motor unit to the tension of a fused tetanus in all motor units of the muscle.
Normally, the action potential of a muscle fiber produces a quick contraction or twitch, but in most situations, the contraction is graded, meaning we can control its stength. The nervous system does this in two ways: it varies the number of fibers that contract and varies the rate at which the muscle fibers are stimulated. In most cases, each muscle fiber has only one motor neuron, but each branch might synapse with multiple muscle fibers.
-Kelly Sinclair
35. Labeling the diagram below, explain how a muscle contraction is controlled.
First, ACh is released by synaptic terminal diffusees across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptro proteins on the muscle fibers plansma membran, causing action potential, which is propogated along the plasma membrane and down T tubules. Then the action potential triggers Ca2+ release from sacroplasmic reticulum. The calcium ions then bind to troponin which changes shape and removes the blocking tropomyosin. Myosin cross bridges then alternately attach to actin and detach, pulling actin filaments toward center of sarcomere, all powered by ATP. Following that, calcium in the cytosol is removed by active transport back into the SR and tropomyosin blockage of myosin binding sites is restored, so contraction ends.
-Kelly Sinclair
This explains how muscle contraction works, showing the importance of ATP.
-Alina Dyak


text:
Welcome to Bardi Country, Kooljaman Wilderness Camp.
You are invited to share our beautiful wilderness at Kooljaman Wilderness camp.
Imagine drifting off to sleep with the sound of the waves rhythmically moving with the tidal waters of Cape leveque.
Away from the city be In tune with nature and truly give yourself to the ebb and flow of life on the Dampier Peninsula.


text:
Video Industry News Video Company News Technology Industry News Technology Company News Novelty Industry News Novelty Company News Gay Industry News Gay Company News Legal Industry News All Company News
Released: May 01st, 1997
Running Time: 120
Director: Michael Carpenter
Company: TCKS Entertainment
Cast: Dave Hardman, Bunny Bleu, Davia Ardell, Amber Wood, Micki Lynn, Tera Heart, Roxanne Hall, Lili Xene, Peter North, Mila (I), T.T. Boy, Bionca (I), Nancy Vee, Blake Mitchell, Lana Sands, Marc Wallice, Max Hardcore
Critical Rating: AAA
Genre: Gonzo
Judging by hairstyles and the fact that a number of these performers are currently AWOL, this release appear to be a comp with new wraparound footage of T.T. and Mila. Whatever the case may be, the viewer will appreciate a large variety of explicit cornholing, especially when Max Hardcore engages in his patented gluteal drilling on an unrecognizable piece of ass and drops a magnanimous load on her kisser.
The Mila/Boy scene is certainly worthy of attention, especially as T.T.'s athletic ramrodship drives Mila out of her mind with ecstasy. By now, her flushing-cum-from-the bunghole and drinking it routine is pretty old hat, but new viewers should be prepared: this act has astounded seasoned pro who've seen it all.


text:
That Witch by Na7sWatch
©2012-2016 Na7s
I have not been posting much of Alice, so here we go. SPAMMAGE.
it is so weird to find a doll that looks exactly like yourself 0.0...still, beautiful work i love all of your photos!
Thank you so much, for all three comments! hahaha (no worries, I hid the rest of the double posts)
im so sorry theres so many >>""" idk why it posted 3times ^^""" SORRY!!!!!
No problem at all! Must have been a hiccup in your connection so it sorta double posted, happens!
she's really pretty ^_^
I actually really like that pink scarf as a compliment to her orange/red hair~ it balances all of these photos very well. Her expression too, its just so pretty and subtle. Such a gorgeous doll!
Awe, thank you very much! I have found out when I dress her up that bright/pastel colors compliments her looks well. Glad to know I wasn't wrong~
No matter how I see her, she spells P-R-E-T-T-Y !!!!!!!
She is so beautiful and sexy! Much love for the witch.


text:
for more information, visit us at www.askdoctordebt.com
I have Medical bills in collection. What happens if I don't... Read More
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text:
Luongo signs 12-year extension
Updated: September 3, 2009, 5:27 PM ETESPN.com news services
VANCOUVER, British Columbia -- Goalie Roberto Luongo signed a 12-year contract extension with the Vancouver Canucks that will carry him through the 2021-2022 season.
The deal is worth $64 million, with an average salary cap hit of $5.33 million, ESPN.com's Pierre LeBrun reported. That is less than the $6.75 million salary cap average of his current four-year, $27 million deal that expires at the end of the upcoming season.
The new deal will pay Luongo $10 million in 2010-11 ...
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After dropping out of the winners' bracket of the American Legion state baseball championship tournament on July 28, the Post 20 Twins were looking at a long uphill battle that required flawless execution if they wanted to win another state title to go along with the three they already had.
The increasingly popular summertime Salmon Run Series wrapped up Wednesday evening under fantastically sunny skies, and to mark the occasion, one of Alaska's own Olympians stopped by.
Mat-Su Miners coach Ben Taylor was pleased with the way his team took care of business Saturday night against the Peninsula Oilers, but he brushed it off as commonplace.
"It's just pretty much how we do it, get a lead and let the bullpen do the rest," Taylor said. "It's been fun to watch."
Maybe for the Miners. For the rest of the Alaska Baseball League, which has had to suffer through the Miners' 33-win season, it hasn't been as fun.
As the state prepares to induct a new class of luminaries into the Alaska High School Hall of Fame, the Kenai Peninsula will have the chance to celebrate two of its own as they are recognized for their imprint upon the history of high school athletics.
The American Legion Twins are no strangers to working back through a double-elimination bracket, so after losing game one of the Legion State Baseball tournament on Tuesday, the challenge fit right into their wheelhouse.
The Post 20 crew is looking to stage a complete comeback by winning a state championship via the loser's bracket, the same way they did it in 2012. This year's squad is even facing the same opponent, Chugiak Post 33, as their 2012 counterparts did for the championship.
The days are dwindling away, but the Peninsula Oilers are not, evidenced by a doubleheader sweep of the Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks on Thursday evening at Coral Seymour Memorial Park.
The Oilers capped an opening 3-1 seven-inning win with a 2-1 victory to improve to 18-19 in the Alaska Baseball American League, four games behind the already-crowned Anchorage Bucs, and 20-24 overall.
After suffering through a 3-13 streak, the Oilers have now won three in a row, starting with Wednesday night's walk-off victory over the Panners.
Shades of 2012?
After an opening day loss at the American Legion Baseball State Championships, the Post 20 Twins are halfway on the return journey to the title game after notching a crucial 6-3 elimination victory over the Valley team Thursday at Mulcahy Stadium in Anchorage.
The American Legion Twins are down, but not out.
After falling in a 4-3 walkoff loss to South on Tuesday's opening day of the Legion State tournament in Anchorage, the Twins were facing the threat of elimination Wednesday morning at Mulcahy Field.
However, two late runs provided the key to victory in a 4-2 triumph over Fairbanks Post 11, ensuring Post 20 another day of action.
"It's important to our program," said Twins coach Robb Quelland. "There's a lot of tradition with this team, over forty years, and we feel we have the same destiny as the 2012 team."
After ending the regular season on a hot streak of nine wins in 11 games, the American Legion Twins will have to work their way up from the bottom once again.
The Post 20 Twins lost a heartbreaking 4-3 game to South in walkoff fashion on the opening day of the American Legion State tournament Tuesday at Mulcahy Stadium in Anchorage.
However, it's nothing new for Post 20. In 2012, the Twins fought back from an opening day upset to Eagle River to claim the team's third state championship in its history.
As a lifelong New York Yankees fan, Josh Medeles has had a lot of inspiration from which to draw. With legends such as Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera providing inspiration, the 6-foot, left-handed pitcher has a deep well of memories to motivate him to further heights.
This summer with the Peninsula Oilers, Medeles has proven to be quite Yankee-esque.
The 22-year-old junior out of Fresno Pacific University (California) has pitched his way to a team-best 0.80 ERA, fourth-best in the Alaska Baseball League and second-best among American League pitchers as of Saturday night.
Peninsula Clarion ©2016. All Rights Reserved.


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Plextor ConvertX PVR PX-TV402U
There's no mistaking Plextor's ConvertX PVR for a mini Mini. If not for its size (1.28 by 7.24 by 6.10 inches) or its rounded sides, the silver coloring alone would make it stand out. It'll sit on top of a Mini, but while its power and USB connections are out back, its AV inputs are up front.
The physical connections were a snap: Cable, power, and USB cable all plugged neatly into the back and out of sight. However, the software was another matter. The ConvertX shipped with an older version of Elgato's EyeTV (version 1.6). When I was done with the software install, I was left with a light TV image that had a herringbone pattern overlay. A few more attempts to auto tune the channels into submission were fruitless.
At some point after the last try, a pop-up box appeared on screen to announce that an upgrade to EyeTV (to version 1.8; the current version is 2.4) was available. After the upgrade, I tried what Elgato calls an "intense" auto tune, but when I noticed it was taking more than three minutes per channel, I quickly cancelled it and went back to the standard "quick" auto tune.
Interestingly, this time around, the results were outstanding. Picture quality was clear as a bell on all channels, not a herringbone or a ripple to be seen. In my side-by-side comparison with the TV's native image the ConvertX's picture was slightly more yellow.
The only actual problem that remained was with TitanTV, the EPG Plextor provides. It wouldn't recognize my zip code and couldn't provide a channel lineup as a consequence. Without it, scheduled recordings became difficult (although not impossible if you have a TV Guide handy). Perhaps not surprisingly, this problem too resolved itself in much the same way that the picture quality did -- after a half dozen tries it decided to work.
Plextor's ConvertX PVR PX-TV402U for the Mac is priced from $129 to a somewhat stinging $221. That makes it the low cost leader in the roundup by $5. It's not a bad deal, even if you encounter the same problems as I did -- and they were, after all, resolved.
In fact, although Plextor's ConvertX provided the most initial grief, it turned out to be the best performer of the trio once it settled down to business. Unlike the other two, it doesn't have a remote -- however, if you've set up your Mac with a Bluetooth keyboard and mouse, the whole issue of a remote becomes one of impression rather than practicality. Like Goldilocks, I found the ConvertX to be "just right."


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Sunday, January 6, 2013
Leave The Fuckin' Sharks Alone Already!!!
And Steven Spielberg- you who did more than anyone on earth to demonize this animal as a supernatural killer from beyond should lend your voice and a few of your loose millions to help publicize and stop this wanton slaughter. The rest of us should, at the very least, express our supreme displeasure at this hideously cruel practice. We must shame and enlighten China to desist from this barbaric, slow death that they inflict on the animal kingdom- and we're not even talking... dogs! I've started a Petition (please sign and FB), in the hopes of getting the big guy's attention- China is not the only entity that needs to be shamed and enlightened into doing what's right...
Over 100,000,000 sharks are killed every year, that's 190 sharks per minute.
It is estimated that in 10 years sharks will be extinct...
Posted by Stan B. at 12:00 AM
Labels: environment, evil, humanity
2 comments:
- Mike C said...
This is just another barbaric slaughter. I recently finished reading "Dominion: The Power of Man, the Suffering of Animals, and the Call to Mercy" by Matthew Scully which has opened my eyes to the bold face cruelty to animals and the more hideous slaughter supported by factory farms, hunting clubs and strange ethnic practices. If I ever needed the motivation to become vegetarian, this is it. It certainly opened my eyes to all kinds of cruelty on the animal world.
- January 7, 2013 at 8:18 PM
- Stan B. said...
Thanks for the recommendation, Mike. And I fully admit to my own hypocrisy as a meat eater.
And not to make excuses, but there are just some crimes more egregiously wanton and pernicious than others.
- January 7, 2013 at 10:04 PM
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text:
In Search of God
- Studio: RJ International
- Release Date: Sep 23, 2011
Critic Reviews
- Critic score
- Publication
- By date
Purportedly about a quest for spiritual enlightenment and the question of what binds global religions, In Search of God is instead defined by simplistic philosophizing and rampant narcissism.
This is didactic self-help drivel of the worst kind, as filmmaker Rupam Sarmah creates a return-to-the-origin narrative contaminated by what Kathryn Bond Stockton would surely call "kid Orientalism."
There are no user reviews yet.


text:
Reprogramming a Turnigy Servo Signal Reverser
The Turnigy Servo Signal Reverser from HobbyKing is a cheap and easy way to reverse the direction of a servo. At only $1.99 each, how could you lose? Well I bought 5 of them and only 1 worked.
Physically the faulty units appeared to be good, so perhaps the fault was in the firmware? My suspicions were confirmed when I found that the servo input signal was being shorted to ground as it entered the MCU on pin 10, but only when the device was powered up and out of reset - indicating that the port pin was being initialized as an output instead of an input. There are 5 pads on the bottom of the board suggesting that the MCU could be re-flashed. But which MCU is it? After a lot of Googling and comparing datasheets I determined that it is a uPD78F9212 manufactured by Renesas (formerly NEC).
This chip is in the 78K0S/Kx1 series which is being phased out, but luckily data sheets and software development tools are still available. The official programmer is ridiculously expensive and certainly not worth buying just to revive a few $2 devices. However on Renesas's Japanese website I found a package called WriteEZ2, which a includes a circuit diagram. I also found a DIY programmer at Electronic Lives MFg, with a different circuit and source code. From this I have developed my own hardware and software which is compatible with WriteEZ2 but simpler to build and operate, and some new code to replace the bad firmware. So for anybody who has a dead Turnigy server reverser, now you can revive it!
Perhaps it's not worth doing if you only have one or two that don't work, but being able to reflash the chip opens up other possibilities. The board could be used for various projects which require a single servo input and output, or as an rc switch to control LEDs or other devices, or for other applications. The on-board 3.3V regulator is rated up to 24V, and the MCU has several unused I/O pins (3 of which are accessible through the in-circuit programming pads). The uPD78F9212 has features similar to a PIC12F683 or ATTiny15L, and free software development tools are available.
To help anyone who wants to try writing their own firmware, I have attached an archive with 3 versions of my servo reverser source code - written in c for IAR Embedded Workbench and CC78K0S, and in assembly language for RA78KOS.
Joined Oct 2012
224 Posts
Oh, great
uPD78F9212 microcontroller is hard to find, 12F683 or atiny13 probably common.
if I remember correctly, you have a similar project using 12f675
For those of you who prefer using a mouse over typing into a command line, I have developed a Windows desktop application for my 78K0S programmer.
This is my first attempt at creating a Windows XP GUI program, so there are probably a few bugs and/or incompatibilities. Does it work on Vista, Windows 7 or 8? Can it detect all Com ports? Do the controls display correctly with different desktop themes and settings? What about foreign language Windows versions? Should I have designed the interface differently?
Any feedback will be greatly appreciated. You don't have to build any hardware to try out the application - just have a play with the controls and tell me what you think!
As usual, full source code is included in the archive.
A mystery - Solved!
My programmer was doing a good job of re-flashing my 'dead' servo reversers, but I wondered - why did the original firmware not work? Could I read out the code and analyze it?
The chips were not locked, which would make most MCU's an 'open book' for extracting the firmware. But the uPD78K0S series is different. There is no command to read back data that has been programmed into it. You can check whether a block is erased or not, but it will not let you see what has been stored in it. I guess that's why they didn't protect the chip after programming it - since it's effectively read protected anyway.
So was it 'game over' for extracting the firmware? Not quite. I couldn't read it with a programmer, but if I could get some of my own code into it then I could read the ROM internally, and send the codes out via a port pin in serial format. Since the chip isn't protected, I just needed to find a blank space in the ROM to write the code to, and change the reset vector so it pointed to my code instead of the existing firmware.
Did I say 'just'? Well it wasn't quite that easy. I figured there was a good chance that the ROM wasn't full up, so the last block was probably free (my code only takes up about 240 bytes, less than 1 block). Re-flashing that block was easy. The problem was the reset vector, which is at address 0000H in block 0. About 130 bytes of start-up code and other interrupt vectors usually reside in that same block, so I couldn't erase it without without wiping out a significant amount of the firmware that I wanted to view.
At first I thought it might be possible to simply overwrite the reset vector to point to a lower address (it would have to be lower, because FlashROM bits can only be written down to 0, and to write any 1's I would have to erase the whole block). Unfortunately that idea didn't work out, because when you try to write 0 bits into a byte that has already been programmed, other 1 bits that you don't want changed tend to get dragged down with them. Furthermore I didn't know exactly where the vector was pointing to anyway, and if it was out by even 1 byte then it would miss the jump to my code.
So I 'sacrificed' one chip by erasing the whole of block 0 and then putting my own code in it. This worked perfectly, and I was able to read the rest of the ROM (using my programmer as a serial interface). But there was important stuff in that first block, and I still had one 'dead' chip left. Was there another way to do it? Yes!
The answer was to write all 0's into the reset vector. Now the vector is pointing to location 0000H, ie. itself. On start up the CPU jumps to location 0, then tries to execute the reset vector as instructions. Luckily the opcode for 00H is "ROR A,1" which simply rotates the contents of the A register and then advances to the next location. After two ROR instructions the program counter should advance to location 0002H, an unused area of the ROM where I could place a jump to my code. And it worked!!!
Having extracted the firmware, the only thing left to do was disassemble it and try to figure out its purpose. I got as far as determining that it reads an analog voltage and produces a proportional servo pulse before the penny dropped - this code is for not for a servo reverser, it's for a servo Tester. The only remaining question is, which servo tester is has 3 LEDs, a push-button and a pot, is switchable between standard (1530us) and high speed (770us) servos, and uses an NEC chip?
;============================================================================= ; Turnigy? Servo Tester? ;============================================================================= ;for uPD78F9212 Bruce Abbott www.bhabbott.net.nz ; ; I extracted this code from a DOA Turnigy Servo Signal Reverser. So far I ; have figured that it does the following:- ; ; 1. Reads an analog voltage (potentiometer?) on pin 8 (P2.3) ; 2. Reads a digital input (switch?) on pin 3 (P4.0) ; 3 Reads a digital input (pushbutton?) on pin 10 (P4.5) ; 4. Sequences 3 digital ouputs (LEDs?) on pins 15, 14, 11 (P4.2-P4.4) ; 5. Generates a repetitive output pulse on pin 16 (P2.3/TO00). ; ; Output pulse width is either centered on 770us with a frame time of 1.785ms, ; or centered on 1530us with a frame time of 15ms. ; ; This firmware appears to be for a servo tester! ; ; NOTE: This disassembly is for educational purposes only. I have redacted ; some code to ensure that it can't be used to 'clone' the original. ; ORG 0000H DW RESET_START ; Reset vector ORG 000CH DW R0385 ; INTTMH1 int vector (8 bit timer) DW R0373 ; NTTM000 int vector (16 bit timer) ORG 0080H DB 09EH ; Option Byte DB 083H ; Protect Byte ORG 0082H RESET_START: DI ; disable interrupts MOV IF0,#0H ; clear interrupt flags MOV MK0,#0FFH ; clear all interrupt masks MOV LVIS,#9H ; set low voltage level detect to 2.35V SET1 LVIM.7H ; enable LVIM L0091: BT LVIM.0H,$L0091 ; wait until Vdd voltage rises above cutoff SET1 LVIM.1H ; set LVIM to reset if low voltage MOV PCC,#0H ; CPU clock = periphral clock MOV PPCC,#0H ; clock = 8MHz MOVW AX,#0FEEFH MOVW SP,AX ; initialize stack pointer to FEEF MOVW HL,#0FE7FH ; 1 byte *below* start of RAM <--- BUG! L00A6: MOV A,#0H MOV [HL],A INCW HL ; clear RAM from FE7F to FEFF = 129 bytes (!) MOVW AX,HL CMPW AX,#0FF00H BC $L00A6 MOV PM2,#0F8H ; P2.0-P2.2 are ouputs MOV PM3,#0FBH ; P3.2 = output MOV PM4,#21H ; P4.1-P4.5 are outputs MOV PMC2,#08H ; Port Mode Control set for analog input on P2.3 MOV PU4,#21H ; enable pullups on Port 4 MOV ADM,#39H ; set ADC conversion time (28uS) MOV ADS,#03H ; select P2.3 for ADC input MOV CRC00,#00H ; CR010 and CR000 set as timer compare registers MOV TOC00,#17H ; 16 bit timer one shot mode with output MOV PRM00,#0F1H ; 16 bit timer clock set to 2MHz MOV TMC00,#0CH ; clear 16 bit timer SET1 ADM.7H ; 16 bit timer restart on CR000 match, output low on CR010 match MOVW AX,#01D4CH MOVW CR000,AX ; CR000 = 7500 output frame time = 3.75mS MOVW AX,#05F0H MOVW CR010,AX ; CR010 = 1520 output pulse time = 760uS MOV CMP01,#00CH ; clear 8 bit timer compare register 1 MOV TMHMD1,#0B0H ; 8 bit timer stopped, set to 8MHz, PWM mode, output high MOV MK0,#0CFH ; enable both timer interrupts L00E8: BF IF0.7H,$L00E8 ; wait until A/D conversion complete CLR1 IF0.7H ; clear ADC interrupt EI ;----- operating mode 1 ----- MOV WDTM,#66H L00F5: SET1 P4.2H ; P4.2 = high = LED 1 on CLR1 P4.3H ; P4.3 = low CLR1 P4.4H ; P4.4 = low MOV WDTE,#0ACH BF IF0.7H,$L0126 ; branch if no A/D interrupt CLR1 IF0.7H ; clear A/D interrupt CALL !R0269 ; measure pot voltage . . . ; ***REDACTED*** . . L0126: CALL !R034A ; check mode button BF 0FE83H.2H,$L00F5 ; loop if flag #2 false ;----- operating mode 2 ----- CLR1 0FE83H.2H ; flag #2 = false L0130: SET1 P4.3H ; P4.3 = high = LED 2 on CLR1 P4.2H ; P4.2 = low CLR1 P4.4H ; P4.4 = low MOV WDTE,#0ACH BT P4.0H,$L014A ; branch if P4.0 is high = pulse rate selector switch off ; short pulse settings MOVW AX,#0DF2H ; 3570 = 1.785ms MOVW 0FE88H,AX MOVW AX,#604H ; 1540 = 0.77ms BR $L0152 ; long pulse settings L014A: MOVW AX,#7530H ; 30000 = 15ms MOVW 0FE88H,AX MOVW AX,#0BF4H ; 3060 = 1.53ms L0152: . . . ; ***REDACTED*** . . CALL !R034A ; check mode button BF 0FE83H.2H,$L0130 ; loop if flag #2 false ;----- operating mode 3 ----- CLR1 0FE83H.2H ; else flag #2 = false L0168: SET1 P4.4H ;P4.4 = high = LED 3 on CLR1 P4.2H ;P4.2 = low CLR1 P4.3H ;P4.3 = low MOV WDTE,#0ACH CLR1 0FE8DH.0H ; flag #3 = false BF P4.0H,$L017E ; branch if P4.0 low SET1 0FE8DH.0H ; else flag #3 = true L017E: BT 0FE8DH.0H,$L01AC ; branch if flag #3 true, standard pulse timing (1.52ms) ;----- short pulse timing (770us) ----- BF 0FE8DH.2H,$L01A4 ; branch if flag #5 false INC 0FEB3H ; position +1 CMP 0FEB3H,#0FAH BC $L01CE ; branch if < 250 MOV 0FEB3H,#0H ; position = 0 DI MOVW AX,#0DF2H ; 3570 = 1.785ms (timer 2 cycle time) MOVW 0FE88H,AX MOVW 0FE86H,AX MOVW AX,#604H ; 1540 = 770us (timer 2 output high time) MOVW 0FE8AH,AX MOVW 0FE84H,AX EI L01A4 CLR1 0FE8DH.2H ; clear flag #5 MOVW AX,#0DF2H ; 3570 = 1.785ms BR $L01D4 ;----- long pulse timing (1.52ms) ----- L01AC: BT 0FE8DH.2H,$L01CE ; branch if flag #5 true INC 0FEB3H ; position + 1 CMP 0FEB3H,#0FAH BC $L01A4 ; branch if < 250 MOV 0FEB3H,#0H ; position = 0 DI MOVW AX,#7530H ; 30000 = 15ms (timer 2 cycle time) MOVW 0FE88H,AX MOVW 0FE86H,AX MOVW AX,#0BF4H ; 3060 = 1.52ms (timer 2 output high time) MOVW 0FE8AH,AX MOVW 0FE84H,AX EI L01CE: SET1 0FE8DH.2H ; flag #5 = true MOVW AX,#7530H ; 30000 = 15ms L01D4: MOVW 0FE88H,AX BF IF0.7H,$L01F4 ; branch if ADIF not set CLR1 IF0.7H MOVW AX,ADCR ; get ADC result (10 bits) MOV B,#4H ; count = 4 L01E2: ROR A,1 AND A,#7FH XCH A,X ; 16 bit shift right = divide by 2 RORC A,1 XCH A,X DBNZ B,$L01E2 ; 4 times = divide by 16 = 6 bit analog voltage XCH A,X CMP A,#2H BNC $L01F2 ; if < 2 then = 2 MOV A,#2H L01F2: MOV 0FE82H,A ; store 6 bit analog voltage L01F4: MOV A,0FEB2H CMP A,0FE82H BC $L0259 ; branch if < analog voltage MOV 0FEB2H,#0H MOVW AX,0FE84H BT 0FE8DH.1H,$L0216 ; branch if flag #4 true . . . ; ***REDACTED*** . . BT 0FE8DH.1H,$L0243 ; branch if flag #4 true BT 0FE8DH.0H,$L0239 ; branch if flag #3 true CMPW AX,#320H ; 800 BNC $L0259 SET1 0FE8DH.1H ; flag #4 = true BR $L0259 L0239: CMPW AX,#708H ; 1800 BNC $L0259 SET1 0FE8DH.1H ; flag #4 = true BR $L0259 L0243: BT 0FE8DH.0H,$L0251 ; branch if flag #3 true CMPW AX,#8D4H BC $L0259 CLR1 0FE8DH.1H ; flag #4 = false BR $L0259 L0251: CMPW AX,#1130H ; 4400 BC $L0259 CLR1 0FE8DH.1H ; flag #4 = false L0259: CALL !L034A ; check mode button BT 0FE83H.2H,$L0263 BR !L0168 ; if flag #2 false then loop back to mode 3 L0263: CLR1 0FE83H.2H ; flag #2 = false BR !L00F5 ; loop back to mode 1 ;------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Subroutines ;------------------------------------------------------------------ ; ----- measure pot voltage ----- R0269: MOV B,#0FH ; count = 15 MOVW HL,#0FEAEH L026F: MOV A,[HL] MOV E,A MOV A,[HL+1H] ; AX, DE = [HL] MOV D,A MOV A,[HL+2H] MOV X,A ; AX = [HL+2] ; move older samples down MOV A,[HL+3H] XCHW AX,DE ; AX <-> DE MOV [HL+3H],A XCH A,X ; [HL+2] = AX MOV [HL+2H],A DECW HL ; HL - 2 DECW HL DBNZ B,$L026F ; 15 times MOVW AX,ADCR ; get ADC result MOVW 0FE92H,AX ; insert into top of array MOV B,#0FH ; sample count = 15 MOVW HL,#0FE94H L0290: XCH A,X ADD A,[HL] XCH A,X ; add to sample ADDC A,[HL+1H] INCW HL ; next sample INCW HL DBNZ B,$L0290 ; get 15 ADC measurements . . . ; ***REDACTED*** . . MOVW AX,HL MOVW 0FE8EH,AX ; return pot voltage RET . . . ; ***REDACTED*** . . ;----- calc long pulse width from pot voltage ----- R02DF: MOVW AX,#7530H ; FE88 = 30000 = 15ms MOVW 0FE88H,AX MOVW AX,0FE8EH ROR A,1 AND A,#7FH XCH A,X ; DE = fe8e / 2 RORC A,1 XCH A,X MOVW DE,AX MOV B,#2H L02F0: . . ; ***REDACTED*** . . ADDW AX,#708H ; AX = AX + 1800 (= 900us) RET ;----- calc short pulse width from pot voltage ----- R0311: MOVW AX,#0DF2H ; FE88 = 3570 (= 1.785ms) MOVW 0FE88H,AX MOVW AX,0FE8EH ROR A,1 AND A,#7FH XCH A,X . . ; ***RADACTED*** . . ADDW AX,#320H ; AX = AX + 800 (= 400us) RET ;----- mode button check----- R034A: BT P4.5H,$L035F ; branch if P4.5 is high (pushbutton released?) BT 0FE83H.0H,$L0358 ; branch if flag #0 true CMP 0FE80H,#0DCH BNC $L0358 ; branch if ticker #2 >= 220 RET ; else return (debounce button?) L0358: MOV 0FE80H,#0H ; clear ticker #2 SET1 0FE83H.0H ; flag #0 = true RET ; return L035F: CMP 0FE80H,#0DCH ; if ticker #1 >= 11 BC $L0372 MOV 0FE80H,#0H ; clear ticker #1 BT 0FE83H.0H,$L036C ; branch if flag #0 true RET ; else return L036C: CLR1 0FE83H.0H ; flag #0 = false SET1 0FE83H.2H ; flag #2 = true (button pressed?) L0372: RET ; return ;----- 16 bit timer interrupt ----- ; Servo Pulse PWM output R0373: PUSH AX MOVW AX,TM00 CMPW AX,#320H ; timer < 800 ? BNC $L0383 MOVW AX,0FE84H MOVW CR010,AX ; yes, update CR000, CR010 MOVW AX,0FE86H MOVW CR000,AX L0383: POP AX RETI ;----- 8 bit timer interrupt ----- ; Button Debounce R0385: INC 0FEB2H ; increment ticker #2 INC 0FE80H ; increment ticker #1 RETI
Here is some code for slowing down a servo. This may be useful for operating retracts via a standard servo, deploying flaps, slowing motor spool up in a scale heli, etc.
Traversing speed is set by connecting the CLK and/or DATA pads to ground. There are four possibilities - 1 second (default), 1.5 seconds, 2 seconds, and 3 seconds.
Here's an update to the GUI 78KOS Programming application. This version adds block write/erase/check, read status of each byte in a block, and write to part of a block. I have also prettied it up a bit and fixed a few bugs.
RC Switch
Here's another simple project that re-purposes the Turnigy Servo Signal Reverser - a radio controlled switch that takes a standard servo signal (<1.4ms = off, >1.6ms = on).
It uses the existing on-board driver transistor, which can switch up to 80mA of current. This is enough to light a few LEDs or operate a small 5V relay. For switching higher currents a power MOSFET could be added.
Joined Feb 2013
171 Posts
switch RC , Thanks Bruce
If you can, add two 2 channel separate ? but if it is complicated to program, probably i will buy more Turnigy Servo Signal Reverser
seems you are interested in this new chip ? UBD 78F9212
My first experience with MCU's was hacking into the firmware of an STC PABX console (to correct a bug that the manufacturer refused to fix). That had an Intel 8051, which used an external EPROM for program storage. Years later I discovered the Microchip PIC series, which have internal EEPROM's that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed - one chip does the lot!
Currently I am working on a Low Voltage Cutoff circuit for use with older ESC's that don't have an internal LVC, or for multi-engine models where all motors need to cut at the same time.
Got a little challenge for you I your interested....
A lot of people are using replacement V911 helicopter PCB for building a 3ch plane, 3ch because they aileron servo is used for rudder, the rudder output is for a motor and is mixed with throttle and gyro, people have asked about reprogramming the board to have a rudder servo output from that pin on the MCU.
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text: Installed version 1.2.4 and kept getting This is a Yoast Test Title even though every title was filled in correctly. After many saves and refreshes worked again. Went to 1.2.5 and same problem but will not go away. Also many duplicate content issues and unable to remove the trailing slash added by YOAST SEO on my home page even though all permalinks do NOT have it. Now getting rel canonical duplicate warnings and huge number of errors. Went back to 1.2.4 and same crap. De-activated the plugin and still getting the Yoast test title so will just get rid of it. Far too many bugs in this plugin for it to be useful


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Idaho Outdoor Author
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Idaho Microbes: How tiny single-celled organisms can harm, or save, our world
As the author of the definitive guides to hiking, mountain biking, trail running, canoeing and whitewater boating in the Boise area, Steve is an expert on where to go, when to go, what to bring, what to expect and more. Click here to see Steve's books and videos.


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South Carolina Fans Hold Impromptu Rally for Marcus Lattimore
Posted: 10/29/2012 - Lattimore Lost for Season with Leg Injury.
Posted: 10/29/2012 - Lattimore Lost for Season with Leg Injury.
Updated: 10/31/2012 - Tigers Drop Jacksonville State Due to Scheduling Conflict.
Updated: 10/31/2012 - Tigers Hosting Crimson Tide on Saturday Night.
Posted: 10/29/2012 - C.J. Mosley & Dee Milliner Make Cut for Bednarik Semifinals.
Posted: 10/29/2012 - McCarron Going After Crimson Tide's First Maxwell Award.
Posted: 10/29/2012 - Alabama's Chance Warmack Honored for Huge Game vs. Tennessee.
Posted: 10/29/2012 - Tigers Hosting Bulldogs on November 10th at 6 p.m.
Updated: 10/28/2012 - Crimson Tide Stays Perfect, LSU Up Next.
Updated: 10/28/2012 - Tigers Embarrassed on Home Field.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Seminoles Score at Will Against Overmatched Blue Devils.
Updated: 10/28/2012 - Bulldogs Defense Shines in Critical League Victory.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Commodores Move One Step Closer to Bowl Bid.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Fighting Irish Defense Dominates Sooners.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Hornets Top Bulldogs 31-13.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Ryan Griffin Has Career Day Against Blazers Defense.
Updated: 10/28/2012 - Graham Wilbert Torches Trojans Defense for Owls Second Win of Season.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Warhawks Ride Browning's Big Day to Convincing Win.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Lattimore Likely Done for Season with Knee Injury.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Bryson Rose Field Goal Wins it for Rebels.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Tigers Defense Dominates in Columbia.
Posted: 10/27/2012 - Scores & Highlights from Week Nine of the Regular Season.
Posted: 10/25/2012 - Clint Moseley & Kiehl Frazier Still Battling for Starting Job.
Posted: 10/25/2012 - Anthony Honored for Stellar Performance During FIU Win.
Posted: 10/24/2012 - Anthony's Big Day Sparked Troy Past FIU.
Posted: 10/24/2012 - Crimson Tide Kicks Off Brutal Stretch Against Mississippi State.