text:
I find driving in grass boring too, something about having an offroad car on dirt makes it more exciting
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Type: Posts; User: Haddi Taha
I find driving in grass boring too, something about having an offroad car on dirt makes it more exciting
hahaha, weight would be an issue. I still really want a very realistic body with replaceable panels/bumpers connected to a roll cage. Sure it would weigh more but it will be awesome
<br type="_moz"...
GT style shells that are connected to a roll cage and have replaceable panels.
Bead-lock wheels for touring cars

Touring car racing has declined because it has got too nerdy...
That looks so awesome! I really like the motor mount system
Are they rebadging or is this their own creation?
The TA06MS is way better than the ta06 pro with upgrade kit. The ms has a carbon fibre chassis, alloy bulkheads, hex head screws and heaps of other cool stuff. I can't believe they are the same...

I've used them a while ago on my Tamiya TB03. I think all Foam Tires come balanced but not 100% sure

Welcome back to the hobby!

The best 2 touring cars will be the Xray T4 and the Tamiya TRF417 series. Which one to get? Whatever you find easier finding parts for, nothing worst than...
As far as motor temps go, I now go by the rule that if you can't touch it for 3 seconds, its too hot (brushless).
Did you buy the traxxas slash yet? If not, I have a really good coupon, will save you $100 off a $400-499 order from towerhobbies

Unfortunately, I havent got any 4s Lipo's to test with. Are there any 4s Lipos on your mind? Perhaps I can check the dimensions of the one you want and see if it fits.

<a...
Always good to build slow and make sure everything is set right, diffs shimmed well, nothing leaky, no stripped screws, no slop, ect
Alot of the time novice builders will try to put a kit together...
I set it as tight as I can while making sure it nots to tight it starts binding. Then I check to make sure that at all points on the spur gear it is not too tight and adjust accordingly. I used to...
thunder tiger has proven themselves to be rather... unpredictable, especially with this truck
I don't think any of those cars are worth $200, your better off selling the go then save up for a new truck
I think he is referring to the idiot buyers...........

I wish a proper offroad track will open closer to my house, that will fit 1/8 buggies and truggies too
If you don't have a traxxas vehicle, don't despair. Just get a traxxas body shell, wheels and tires, problem solved
This is the reason why I don't sell on ebay anymore. I haven't got a bad feedback yet, I got to neutrals from 2 thick in head morons

1st one was when I was selling a near new radio and...
I heard its very durable, I was going saving up for one then my mt4 motor stopped workinghttp://www.rcuniverse.com/forum/js/fckeditor/editor/images/smiley/msn/confused_smile.gif

The St4 is the same as the mt4 except
-80a esc instead of mt4's 150a esc
-truggy wheels and tires
-truggy shell
-truggy wing and wing assembly instead of wheelie bar
-1mm thinner shock towers...
So the Ripper burnt out a few months ago and the xerun 4274sd burnt out last week with no warning whatsover (always ran in reasonable temps too). I need a new motor, and I need it too last!
I thought it was tamiya, but I am not too sure either

I like bashing on moderately rough terrain, dirt and short grass. I sometimes do crazy stuff with my mt4, so having people around is not good
I don't like boring long flat smooth areas unless the...


text:
Under the title "Bad Drugs and the Law," Arthur Kallet and F. J. Schlink in the Nation for October 19 consider three subjects—"Ergot," "Ether" and "Prescriptions." The article on ergot opens with this statement:
"For an extra profit of half a cent, American drug manufacturers have helped dig the graves of thousands of women dead of hemorrhage in childbirth."
Possibly—but not probably—more fantastic falsehoods have appeared in reputable magazines than the one just quoted. Kallet and Schlink, who should know better, have apparently swallowed, hook, line and sinker, the preposterous and fantastic publicity which the Ambruster clique has been trying to get into newspapers and magazines for several years. It will be remembered that Ambruster owned some Spanish ergot and became considerably worked up because of difficulties in advertising and selling it. This entire matter was discussed in detail in a special article published in The Journal, Sept. 6, 1930,
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Quote:Debushi, whip kicking with the rear leg is not about modern or old, its about fighting distance. Japanese and Euoprean style point fighters utilize the front leg kicking techniques extensively, but that is due to the distance at which they fight. The front kick is actually an inclose tech. Using the rear leg is utlized in close, especially when you are kicking your opponent's far leg and the other leg is blocked by your opponent's near leg.
Quote:As we discussed (and agreed to disagree) I'm of the view that closer fighting should be more dominant in karate.
Variety of stun gun devices for your protection
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text:
CORINTH — The Board of Mayor and Aldermen has filled several seats on boards and commissions.
The Daily Corinthian reported Clayton Stanley will fill an unexpired post on the airport commission following the resignation of Allen Lee. The term runs through April 20, 2015.
Reappointments included Emma Lee Newcomb on the Corinth Housing Authority board and Wayne Gann on the board of Magnolia Regional Health Center. Both are five-year appointments.
The board also reappointed Pauline Sorrell and Billy Taylor to the board of the Corinth Area Convention and Visitors Bureau. The two positions are jointly appointed with the Alcorn County Board of Supervisors. The appointments await consideration by the county.
Sorrell and Taylor were appointed in January after a shake-up on the tourism board.
The board still must fill an unexpired term on the Corinth Public Utilities Commission. The vacancy was created by the resignation of Joey Luster.
Also, additional appointments must be made to the Corinth Preservation Commission for seats currently held by Claire Stanley, Marvin McQueen, Jimbo Bryant, Anne Thompson and Joe Carroll.
City Clerk Vickie Roach said the commission wants to present information at the next board meeting before the appointments are made.
The board also has delayed action on the Planning Commission/Board of Adjustment seat currently held by James W. Orr, whose term expires Oct. 15.


text: The annual Susan B. Anthony Festival is set for Saturday, August 18, 2012 from noon to 5 p.m. in the Susan B. Anthony Square Park between Madison and King streets in Rochester. The events celebrates the 92nd anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, granting women throughout the country the right to vote. Continue reading


text:
STREET FIGHTER X TEKKEN Gauntlet
By CAPCOM
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
Important Notice:
Functionality is not guaranteed on devices that are updated to iOS 8.
Get a taste of the Street Fighter and Tekken franchises in Street Fighter X Tekken Gauntlet!
Enter the ring as either Street Fighter's Ryu or Tekken's Kazuya and face off against an endless string of opponents in a one-on-one timed battle. Clear certain challenges during the fight to add precious seconds to your timer. The game ends when the timer reaches zero or your character's vitality is reduced to zero. At the end of the game you'll receive a score based on how many enemies you defeated and certain actions you performed. Aim for the highest score!
Just how many opponents will you be able to take down?!
Compatible with the iPhone 4, iPhone 4S, 4th generation iPod Touch and above, iPad 2, and the new iPad. Requires iOS 5.0 or later.
Not compatible with the iPad or iPhone 3GS.
Customer Reviews
3 major flaws!
The game is fun, I like it. But there are 3 things that disappoint me, 1. you can only play as Kazuya and Ryu, it gets boring after that because I want to use different people like King, Nina, Hugo and especially Akuma. The other flaw is time limit, they only give you 30 seconds which isn't enough to fully enjoy the game! I want to beat up a lot of people for 120 seconds or 90 seconds minimum. And the 3rd is a little on the edge for me because I don't know if this is a demo or not, but the 3rd is arcade mode stages, that's what truly makes a fighting game fun, to fight fighters after fighters as they progress to get difficult and the more you are determined to beat it. That is what makes the games fun!! Fix those three flaws and I'll get this game even if you charge it for $4.99!! And you'll get 5 stars as well.
doesn't work on my ipod 5th gen.
I was hoping to at least be able to give snk tekken a 3 for what sounded like may be a mildly entertaining game even though you sadly can't play offline which is something initially disappointing. After I connected to wifi and tried the game after getting past the tutorial there was a big bug. As I fought I could nit see the top of the characters fighting and the touch screen game controls were going off the screen. It messed up my ipod view when I clicked out too. I had a bit of a difficult time getting my ipod shut off to undo the zoom screen that the game forced. Do to all this my rating is a 1
Needs more stuff
Great game but it needs some more stuff. You should be able to choose from any character you want. And you should be able to change the backround. And for some reason both sides of the screen on my IPhone 5c have pieces cut off. It's weird it's like the screen for this app is smaller than my iPhone screen. Other than all that stuff it's really great game and I'll never delete it! 4 stars!
- Free
- Category: Games
- Released: Nov 28, 2012
- Version: 1.00.00
- Size: 415 MB
- Languages: English, French, Japanese, Spanish
- Seller: CAPCOM Co., Ltd
- © CAPCOM U.S.A., INC. 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. © 2012 NAMCO BANDAI Games Inc.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 5.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone 4, iPhone 4s, iPhone 5, iPhone 5c, iPhone 5s, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone SE, iPad 2 Wi-Fi, iPad 2 Wi-Fi + 3G, iPad Wi-Fi (3rd generation), iPad Wi-Fi + Cellular (3rd generation), iPad Wi-Fi (4th generation), iPad Wi-Fi + Cellular (4th generation), iPad mini Wi-Fi, iPad mini Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad Air, iPad Air Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad mini 2, iPad mini 2 Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad Air 2, iPad Air 2 Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad mini 3, iPad mini 3 Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPad mini 4, iPad mini 4 Wi-Fi + Cellular, 12.9-inch iPad Pro, 12.9-inch iPad Pro Wi-Fi + Cellular, 9.7-inch iPad Pro, 9.7-inch iPad Pro Wi-Fi + Cellular, iPod touch (4th generation), iPod touch (5th generation), and iPod touch (6th generation).


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 21, 2008
|Filing date
|Nov 7, 2005
|Priority date
|Jul 14, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John Karpowicz, Christopher L. Radl, Kevin P. Klocek, John R. Boehringer, Derek Norton
|Original Assignee
|Boehringer Technologies, L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (54), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (121), Classifications (27), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/699,218, filed Jul. 14, 2005.
The invention is related to the general field of wound treatment, and to the more specific field of devices for wound drainage and treatment with suction.
It is well known to treat wounds by applying suction under airtight wound covers. The suction can be used to aspirate wound exudate and other liquids from the wound and/or the wound packing materials, and suction can be applied as a healing modality for its well known antiseptic and tissue regeneration effects.
A primary concern in using suction assisted wound therapy is maintaining suction pressure at the wound. It is increasingly recognized that once suction wound dressings are applied, the suction should be maintained at certain levels. Loss of suction to the wound can result if leaks or blockages occur in the system.
Leaks can occur through breach of the airtight seals surrounding the wound. The earliest devices merely ran a tube under the edge of a wound cover and applied an adhesive or paste around the tube and cover to maintain an airtight seal. The other end of the tube was connectable to a waste collection reservoir and suction regulator of a hospital suction system, and the pressure selected at the regulator was assumed to be the approximate pressure communicated to the wound area under the cover. The test for leakage was visual observance of the cover contracting and the absence of whistling noise when negative pressure was applied. See, e.g., M. E. Chariker, et al, "Effective Management of Incisional and Cutaneous Fistulae with Closed Suction Wound Drainage", Contemporary Surgery, vol. 34, June 1989, pages 59-63. This initial check for an airtight seal did not, however, provide any warning if the system developed a leak or if blockage occurred in the collection circuit after hours of use.
The adhesive seal around the suction tube or other tubes which run under the edge of the wound cover in these prior wound dressings is vulnerable to cracking and breaching the airtight seal, creating air leakage into the cover. Improvements have been made to suction wound therapy devices to reduce the likelihood of leakage. For example, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/181,128, filed Jul. 14, 2005 and commonly assigned with this application, discloses a tube attachment patch to allow the suction tube to be terminated outside of the primary cover and thus reduce the risk of breaking the adhesive seal to the skin. While these newer tube attachment devices provide more seal integrity, there is still the potential for breach of the airtight seals due to patient movement in bed.
Blockage of suction to the wound can occur for several reasons. A waste collector for wound exudate is usually positioned somewhere in the suction line between the wound and the suction source. Waste collectors incorporate shut-off mechanisms that will shut off suction to the wound when the collector is overfilled. Another potential blockage is kinking or crimping of the suction line itself. Blockage due to debris from the wound and clotting is also a concern. The suction source may also be inadvertently turned off, a line may be inadvertently clamped, or the suction regulator may be misadjusted after the dressing is applied. Since suction wound dressings are intended to last for long periods without changing, usually 24 hours or greater, a leak or blockage could develop unnoticed and not be detected for a duration sufficient to negate the beneficial healing effect of suction as well as increase the risk of infection. There are currently devices to sense when a waste collector canister is filled and provide a warning signal to empty it. None of the devices, however, provides a comprehensive and reliable monitoring of system operation, nor cover the full range of fault possibilities with leakage or blockage.
In their efforts to improve over these prior art devices, the present inventors considered several design objectives for a suction wound dressing monitoring system; including the impracticality of locating expensive pressure transducers in any of the system components that should be single-use disposable items due to contamination by body fluids. The designers considered that the same basic system should preferably be effective in detecting and indicating both leaks and system blockage, and that the detection of leaks or blockage should preferably be effective regardless of where the leak or blockage occurs in the system. They considered that the system should preferably provide clear visual indication of both normal and abnormal operation, and could usefully provide aural indication and auto-recording of abnormalities. They also considered that the suction monitoring capability should be easily convertible from use with a stationary suction system, as typically found in hospital care rooms, to use with a portable suction pump.
These and other advantages and aspects of the invention will become apparent upon reading the detailed description and drawings that follow.
The invention provides a system for applying suction to a wound in which a reference airflow rate is used for monitoring system operation. The basic components of a wound treatment system using suction include an airtight wound dressing, a suction conduit having one end operatively associated with the wound dressing to communicate suction to the wound, and an opposite end operatively connected with a source of suction, which may be a stationary source such as hospital wall suction or may be a portable pump. The invention provides a reference airflow rate (or "controlled leak") to the suction source when the system is in operation, such that deviation from the reference airflow can be monitored as an indication of a change in operation.
A wide variety of flow rate monitoring instruments can be used to display normal operation and detect deviation from the reference airflow, and several are depicted or described herein. In a stationary source configuration using a distributed hospital wall suction system, or a limited mobility suction pump using wall receptacle electrical power, a preferred wound monitoring instrument includes a flow meter that provides a visual indicator of normal and abnormal airflow rates, and may produce or trigger warning signals indicating abnormal conditions. In a portable battery-powered pump configuration, the preferred use of a positive displacement pump in which flow rate is proportional to motor rpm allows the airflow rate of the system to be indicated indirectly by the motor speed or pump speed. An algorithm may be used to correct motor and pump speed to flow for compressibility effect. Thus a motor speed indicator or tachometer may be the preferred monitoring instrument. However, in any of the vacuum source configurations, other flow rate monitoring instruments could be used, such as, but not limited to, target meters, rotometers, turbine meters, mass flow meters, differential pressure (Dp) cells and hot wire anemometers.
Although the term "airflow" herein for consistency, it should be apparent that it is not limited to the composition of ambient air. It is common in medical settings to alter the composition of airflow to a wound, such as by increased oxygen or therapeutic aerosols or other beneficial medications. The flow of any of these mixed gases or aerosol suspensions should be considered airflow for purpose of this description.
In a preferred embodiment, a calibrated vent in the suction conduit near the wound dressing establishes the reference airflow. Preferably the vent is located in the tube just outside of the wound cover. The vent may be an aperture in the tube sealed with a porous material having specific flow rate characteristics. The reference flow rate may be in a preferred range of 50-300 cc per minute. Higher flows such as 1000 cc/min are possible, but practical limitations on the capacity of the suction source as well as the magnitude of a leak in the dressing suggest that is preferable to use a flow below 1000 cc per minute.
By locating the vent in the conduit close to the wound, the reference airflow also serves to purge the conduit of fluids. The purging effect minimizes the likelihood of reflux of contaminated fluid back into the wound, and the risk of infection attendant to such reflux. Since the fluid does not reside in the conduit for an extended time, the purge effect also reduces the likelihood of blood clotting in the line.
The system may further include a waste collector, disposed in the suction line between the wound dressing and the source of suction, for collecting fluids aspirated from the wound. The preferred collector is an upright transparent plastic canister with fill level markings on the outside surface. The canister may be prevented from overfilling by a hydrophobic membrane filter at the top of the canister that shuts off the airflow when the canister is full. The liquids aspirated from the wound may be turned into a gel, for ease of disposal and to prevent spilling, by a gelling agent in the disposable canister. To keep the waste in the canister level, the gelling agent is preferably provided in stacked disks. The canister has an inlet connector for the suction tube from the wound dressing, and an outlet connector for connecting to a portable pump or to a flow monitoring instrument for use with stationary or hospital wall suction. The outlet connector is preferably a proprietary (non-standard) connector that will not connect directly to the standard appliance fitting of a stationary suction system, to prevent anyone from mistakenly connecting directly to the suction system.
The invention also includes the method of using a reference airflow to indicate normal operation of a suction wound therapy system, and deviation from the reference airflow to indicate leaks or blockage in the system, using the various apparatus described hereafter.
The Wound Dressing
The typical wound dressing (12) includes a wound cover (22) and wound packing material (24), and may include a special wound contact layer (26). It will have a suction tube (14) running under the edge of the primary cover or through the cover, or will terminate outside of the cover and communicate with a nozzle or slot in the cover. There is a wide variety of each of these components. The wound dressing (12) shown in the drawings and described herein uses presently preferred components, but the invention is not intended to be limited to these components.
The primary wound cover (22) is preferably an airtight wound cover that is vapor permeable. It is preferred to use a thin film transparent commercial bandage, such as medical grade Tegaderm™ manufactured by 3M, that is impermeable to liquids but permeable to water vapor and oxygen. The term "airtight" means that the material is sufficiently occlusive to resist airflow through the cover to maintain suction under the cover while suction is being applied. There are many other thin-film commercial bandages that have similar properties. Highly impermeable materials could also be used. However, since it is beneficial in wound therapy to allow water vapor to escape and oxygen to migrate into the wound, semi-permeable covers of film material such as Tegaderm™ are preferred. In some instances, the primary cover could also be a rigid or semi-rigid enclosure placed over the wound. The primary wound cover is generally sealed to the skin surrounding the wound with an adhesive (not shown) incorporated in the cover, and gap filler paste (not shown) may be used where needed.
Before the primary cover (22) is applied, the wound is generally packed with a wound packing (24). Simple gauze or foam pads can be used, or other materials commercially sold as wound packings. The presently preferred wound packing, however, is polyester fibers or comparable resilient fibers in a corrugated layer pattern configured to form a resilient compressible structure, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/981,119, commonly assigned with this application.
The wound packing (24) may also be attached to a wound contact layer (26). The presently preferred wound contact layer (26) has a special construction that provides a wound contact surface, with depressions formed into the surface, to work in conjunction with the suction to encourage more rapid tissue regeneration, as described in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/982,346, commonly assigned with this application. The contact surface is configured such that voids formed by the depressions remain above the wound surface in the presence of moisture, compressive forces and suction, encouraging local tissue deflection.
The wound dressing includes a suction tube (14) attached to the wound cover. The dressing may have other tubes (28, in
As shown in
The reference airflow rate from the calibrated vent is used for monitoring system operation. The controlled leak rate should be low to maintain a proper suction at the wound site and a moist healing environment. Preferably the reference airflow is in the range of 50-300 cubic centimeters per minute. This flow is low enough to minimize drying and does not significantly alter the suction applied at the wound. Additionally, the flow is low enough to minimize the use of battery power where a portable pump is used as the suction source. A flow of this magnitude is readily obtained by providing a vent hole (32) in the suction tube that is sealed sterile with a porous plug (34), as described above. A suitable seal material is a porous plastic manufactured by Porex from sintered high density polyethylene. Such porous materials are routinely employed to admit air into medical fluid lines at a suitable flow while maintaining an efficient sterile filtration barrier against microbes.
The wound therapist applies the wound dressing (12) to the patient and attaches the system to suction. The therapist remedies leaks in the dressing by smoothing out creases or wrinkles in the wound cover and addressing gaps due to folds in the patient's anatomy. It has at times been useful to address specific areas of difficult anatomy by using a gap filling paste, as is common in ostomy care, such as coloplast. The airflow monitoring instruments described hereafter facilitate the initial dressing set up process by providing active feedback to the therapist on the integrity of the seal around the wound cover and tubes.
The Waste Collector
Since a primary function of suction therapy is to drain liquids from the wound, the devices normally include a waste collector (16) for collecting fluids aspirated from the wound. As shown in
Airflow and any blood or other fluid aspirated from the wound passes through the fitting (40) in the lid and into the canister (36). The liquid is retained in the canister, while the air rises and is drawn through a hydrophobic membrane (50) sealed to the inside of the lid. The membrane (50) acts as a bacteria filter and as a shut off mechanism to prevent the canister from overflowing and to prevent contamination from flowing out of the container toward the suction source.
The lid defines an air channel from the outlet port (52) to another connector (54) for connecting the canister to a portable pump or to a tube running to a stationary wall suction system. The second connector (54), however, is preferably a proprietary (non-standard) connector that will not connect directly to the standard appliance fitting of a stationary suction system. This is to prevent anyone from mistakenly connecting directly to the suction system without the flow monitoring instrument and pressure release features described hereafter, with the attendant risk of applying too great a suction to the wound. The mating receptacle in the portable pump configuration described hereafter is configured to receive the proprietary connector. The connector (54) includes a sealing element such as an O-ring seal. This arrangement provides that a fresh O-ring is preferably used with each disposable canister, as contrasted with other pump connectors where the sealing element is in the pump and will ultimately wear out and cause the system to fail because of leakage.
The air passage through the canister thus forms a part of a suction conduit between the wound and the suction source. In the system presently preferred and described herein, the canister (36) is prevented from overfilling by the hydrophobic membrane (50). If the canister (36) is allowed to fill high enough for the contents to contact the membrane, the membrane occludes and blocks airflow from passing through the canister. This blockage prevents suctioning more waste from the wound, and as described hereafter, the blockage of reference airflow is detected as an indication of an abnormal operating condition.
Preferably the liquid waste sucked from the wound is turned into a gel for ease of disposal and to prevent spilling or splashing. Although the gelling agent could be provided in porous bags, it is preferred to use disks (56) of laminated fiber sheets containing a gelling agent, such as provided by Gelok International. The disks (56) are cut to fit inside of the jar and stacked on top of each other. The stacked disks cause the liquid to turn to a level surface gel in the canister.
The system may also include a filter/drier unit (21) disposed between the waste collection canister and the wound flow monitor (19). The filter element provides additional protection against contaminated particles entering the suction source, and the drier removes moisture from the air that may effect the calibration of the flow monitoring instrument.
Use of Controlled Reference Airflow to Indicate Normal Operation
While prior art suction dressing systems either do not monitor system operation at all, or do so less than optimally by trying to sense pressures directly, the system described herein uses a reference airflow, as may be provided by the air vent (32) described above, to indicate when the system is in normal operation, and also to detect deviation from the reference airflow as an indication of abnormal operation. Higher airflow than the reference flow indicates leakage, while lower airflow indicates blockage.
The range of flows suitable for reference flow are bound by the permeability of the wound cover on the lower end and suction limits on the upper end. When the wound cover is a semi permeable material, there will be a natural low level background airflow from air molecules passing through the cover. This permeation airflow could serve as the reference flow if the flow monitoring instrument were very sensitive. However, the permeation flow is usually too low and too erratic to be a good reference. The area of the cover and the possibility of it being obstructed by drapes and fluid from the wound can cause the permeation flow to be erratic. Thus, the vent provides a larger and more stable flow rate that masks variation in the permeation flow and provides a good reference. For example, Tegaderm� bandage will allow a diffusion of water on the order of 800 grams/square meter/day, which correlates to a flow rate of about 0.5 cc/min over a square meter. Typical wound cover area would be less than a tenth of a square meter, so in approximate terms, the semi permeable material contributes 0.05 cc/min, or less than 0.1% of a reference flow of 50 cc/min. Thus, any variation in the background permeation flow is masked by the larger reference flow.
The indicator sub-system is embodied in two devices as depicted and described below; a wound monitor flow instrument for use with a stationary suction source and a portable pump with a flow sensing system. Other types of flow indicating devices, such as target meters or hot wire anemometers could also be used.
The Flow Monitor
In the wound suction system of
The flow monitor (19) is designed to provide a visual indication of the flow rate through the system. Once the flow rate stabilizes at the controlled reference airflow following initial application, the maintenance of this visual indication of reference flow is an indication of normal operation free of leaks or blockage, and hence an acceptable level of suction at the wound cover. Deviation to a higher airflow indicates leakage, and drop to lower or no airflow indicates blockage in the collection circuit.
As shown in
The mass of the float works in cooperation with the clearance between the outside of the float and the inside of the tube. The float responds to airflow rate and fluid density and will rise to a level where the dynamic forces are in equilibrium. Typical flow indicators for other applications have continuously increasing inner diameters. Slight changes in flow rate cause the float to chatter up and down around a height indicative of the flow rate. The use of discrete sections of uniform diameters, but increasing in progression, as the four sections (68, 70, 72, 74) in this indicator reduces the chatter and causes the float to move upward in stages. These stages are selected for discrete flows that provide key reference information regarding the suction applied to the wound.
If flow through the system increases beyond an acceptable level due to a leak in the wound dressing, the clearance around the float in the normal position may no longer be adequate to allow the float to remain in this position, and the increased flow will lift the float to a higher section in the indicator where the internal diameter is stepped up. Graduated labeling (not shown) on the outside of the indicator provides a visual indication of a moderate leak condition. Additional stepped up diameter sections are provided to indicate higher leak conditions. The stepped up diameters require a significant change in flow before the float will jump from one position to a higher one. This eliminates the jumpiness that would be encountered with a continuous taper inner diameter as common in flow meters for other applications. The stepped diameter sections reduce user interpretation, thus enhancing ease of use and safety.
The wound monitor instrument also incorporates a safety valve (80) that limits maximum suction to guard against the accidental application of excessively high levels of suction. It is typical to use suction in the range of 25-200 mm Hg for wound drainage and therapy. Consequently, the suction limiting feature may be set to limit the suction to approximately 200 mm Hg. A suction pressure relief chamber (84) is formed between the first flow restrictor (66) and a second flow restrictor (82) having an orifice (83) the same size as the first restrictor. A resilient valve mechanism (86) in the relief chamber serves as a release against the application of high levels of suction. The valve mechanism is spring loaded to a predetermined suction setting, such as 200 mm Hg. If the suction pressure in the relief chamber exceeds the predetermined setting, the valve mechanism will open and allow vent air to be drawn from a relief port (69) into the metering orifice to prevent excess suction from being applied to the patient.
Protrusions (75) may be provided on the top underside of the interior of the float meter adjacent the first flow restriction orifice to prevent the float from completely blocking the orifice entry to the pressure relief chamber, thus allowing air passage even if a major leak occurs. This allows some suction to communicate through the system even at high airflow rates. Alternatively, the protrusions could be located on the top surface of the float.
The wound flow monitor instrument is also protected from sources of potential contamination in the form of particulate matter, aerosols and humidity by an air filter/dryer (21) located in the conduit between the instrument and the canister. The filter/dryer unit includes a particle filter for removing airborne dust as may be encountered when the wound monitor is disconnected from the collection canister for periodic changeover. It is also anticipated that a desiccant or other means of humidity control can be placed in the filter/dryer unit as required.
While this system has been described in the context of a hospital wall suction system, it can also be used with suction pumps. Some medical buildings may use electrical power pumps to provide suction for wound therapy. These can be moved, since they only restriction is the location of electrical outlets and the length of the power cord, but they are not truly portable. A system using portable battery powered pump is described below.
Portable Pump
As shown in
When the portable pump is a positive displacement pump, it is possible to monitor pump rpm as a surrogate for airflow rate. As shown in the schematic diagram of
The variable speed motor (104) is preferably a DC brushless motor, however other styles of DC motors are acceptable, as well as AC motors that can be equipped with variable outputs. It is preferable to have a motor that is equipped with some form of a tachometer (105) to indicate shaft rpm as the input to the pump. For example, Hall sensors are commonly employed on DC brushless motors, as well as encoders, to indicate rpm. It is also possible to sense back EMF in brush versions of DC motors to determine motor shaft rotation speed. In an AC pump, an oscillating bar with a magnet mounted to an end is excited by an AC coil, thus driving a diaphragm. Pump input in this case is a count of the oscillations delivered by said coil. Each of these and other forms of pump or motor speed sensors is included in the generic term tachometer, and can be used as the flow rate monitoring instrument with a positive displacement pump.
The compressor control (106) is typically a pressure transducer and a control circuit that permits the user to select a pressure setting, and the circuit will function to maintain the suction pressure at the input of the pump at a level consistent with the selection. Such control circuits are commonly employed in industrial applications as well as in hospital central suction systems. Compressor control circuits are adjusted to maintain suction or pressure levels in a specified range. This range is selected to provide a reasonably stable suction level while minimizing on-off cycling of the motor. In this portable pump embodiment, a range of approximately 10 mm Hg is preferred for patient comfort and to minimize noise. For example, at a setting of 100 mm Hg, the compressor control will nominally maintain a suction pressure at the inlet of the pump in the range of 95 to 105 mm Hg.
The fault detection system (108) is a circuit that is adapted to monitor the flow of air through the collection circuit coupled with an annunciator to provide audible and visual indication of status of operation. This fault detection system is a separate circuit that is independent of the compressor control. In the preferred embodiment, motor or pump revolutions are counted as an indication of air volume that has passed through the positive displacement pump. A discrimination algorithm takes the count of motor revolutions and determines a flow rate. This flow rate is compared to the known reference flow rate to determine fault conditions. A flow rate that is less than the reference flow of 50-300 cc/minute is indicated as abnormal operation on the annunciator as an occlusion in the circuit, most commonly a full canister. A flow rate that is comparable to the reference flow rate produces an annunciator indication of normal operation. Flow rates that are higher than the reference flow rate will produce abnormal annunciator indications that the circuit is leaking to alert the caregiver to address the seal of the wound cover. If the caregiver is able to correct the leaking dressing the annunciator will indicate normal operation. Thus, the fault detection system of the portable pump is analogous to that of the wound monitor flow instrument.
It is sometimes desirable, to benefit the healing process, to provide suction in an intermittent fashion. Prior processes involve allowing the system to vent to atmospheric pressure for a period of time to allow for reperfusion of tissue. Allowing the system to completely vent to atmosphere results in the complete loss of suction on the dressing system and any benefit that suction could play in maintaining an air tight seal around the wound. The present invention solves this problem by varying the suction between two distinct levels; a first level and a second level of 20-25 mm Hg. The first and higher level is employed to apply the beneficial effects of suction. The second and reduced level is below capillary bed pressure, so reperfusion of tissues will occur in this lower stage, while maintaining at least some level of suction to aid in keeping the dressing in place and to maintain the reference airflow to prevent reflux and clotting in the lines. With this type of intermittent pump operation, the reference airflow should be selected such that it is maintained even at the reduced level, or else the alarms associated with low airflow should be disarmed during reduced suction intervals as well as the ramp-up and ramp-down intervals.
The annunciator may be in the form of a bar meter (114) color coded and graduated to provide a visual indication that the flow through the pump is within a range required to maintain the reference airflow when the system is in normal operation; and conversely indicate that the pump is running faster than required to maintain the reference airflow, indicating air leakage in the system, or is running slower than required to maintain the reference airflow, indicating air blockage in the system. The pump may also have warning or caution lights (116, 118, 120) indicating pump operating parameters, or other parameters such as low battery charge. The pump may also provide an audible indication of abnormal operation, such as a beeper tone.
The pump is connected to the proprietary fitting (54) of the waste canister, and may have a conforming docking station (55) to support the canister. The prescribed pressure setting is selected by a dial (112), which preferably allows set-point choices of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, or 200 mm Hg. Electronic controls provide the ability to enable numerous combinations of fault indications, both visual and audible.
Target Meter Alternative
There are other devices for determining the flow through the system that could be employed as leak detection devices in a wound dressing system operating with a reference airflow. These devices measure airflow directly, and thus can be used with non positive displacement pumps and wall vacuum sources as well as with positive displacement pumps. As shown in
Flow Measurement Alternatives
Other flow detection devices that could be used alone or in conjunction with a suction source include a hot wire anemometer that determines flow as a function of the cooling of a wire in a flowing air stream, a rotameter with an optical detector that senses the position of a float, a turbine meter that rotates when flow is applied. These flow detection systems are generally insensitive to changes in pressure. A hot wire anemometer could be placed between the waste collection canister and the pump or at the inlet of the pump, or between the waste collector and or a stationary suction source. These alternative flow sensors allow the use of other styles of pumps that are not positive displacement, such as vane pumps and scroll pumps. Almost any flow instrument could be used, including, for example, differential pressure (DP) cells that provide an indirect measure of flow rate.
When any fault condition is determined within the system, the pump will continue to run, delivering a sub-optimal level of suction, until the condition is corrected or the user powers the system off, since a sub-optimum level of suction applied to the wound is preferable to no suction at all.
The pump may also have an onboard compliance monitor. This alerts the caregiver to deviations from the normal application of suction to the wound. The compliance monitor may compute the number of hours that clinically useful suction has been applied to the wound as determined by the relative flow through the system. Medical experience has shown that suction should be applied for at least 22 of any 24 continuous hours for optimum efficiency. This readout can be presented a number of ways to show the number or percentage of compliant hours of suction therapy. A percentage can be reduced to a dimensionless parameter indicating acceptable or unacceptable compliance.
Therapeutic Fluid Delivery and Reference Flow
In the embodiments described above, the reference flow for discerning between normal and abnormal operation has been ambient air supplied to the suction conduit through a vent. A reference airflow could be provided, however, in the form of a therapeutic mixture, such as oxygen enriched air, nitric oxide, heated humidified air or an aerosol containing medication droplets or particles. Such a configuration is shown in
While the airflow monitor could be associated with a portable pump or in front of the appliance fitting of a suction regulator, as described above, an airflow monitor (119) could be provided between the therapeutic mixture source (115) and the wound cover (122). Since the part of the conduit beneath the cover would be contaminated in use, a detachable disposable tube (121) would be used for the section of conduit from the monitor to the wound packing. Thus, the invention can provide for the maintenance of suction therapy on a wound as well as the ability to monitor the application and removal of therapeutic substances to the wound.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated with respect to several embodiments described above, it should be understood the invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from its scope or attributes. Hence, the scope of the invention should be derived from the claims that follow, recognizing that the claim language may literally encompass structure not specifically described.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 7, 2005
Owner name: BOEHRINGER LABORATORIES, INC., PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KARPOWICZ, JOHN;RADL, CHRISTOPHER L.;KLOCEK, KEVIN P.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017194/0792
Effective date: 20051025
|Oct 30, 2006
Owner name: BOEHRINGER TECHNOLOGIES, L.P., PENNSYLVANIA
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Welcome to the 176th Erie County Fair! August 12th-Agust 23rd
Join us as we continue our partnership with the Fairgrounds to hold our annual Food Drive! Last year was an amazing food drive for Western New York.
Map to the Fair
Last year, it was a great time and despite the rain and strong winds in the evenings, we did a record number of Johnsonville Brats sales. We raised enough money for 27,930 meals! And food donations were great every day of the Fair. Thank you to all the volunteers in the Grill Truck and to those that helped collect food at the gates!
This year we have special discounts for those bringing in canned goods for the Fair on special days.
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August 12- FREE Admission to the Fair with a canned food donation
In addition to the food donation, the Food Bank of Western New York will be operating the Johnsonville Brat truck on August 14th-16th! Sales from the truck will be part of a direct donation to the Food Bank! Find us at the Fairgrounds if you are in the mood for an amazing brat! Keep in touch on facebook as the Fair gets closer so we can keep you updated on all the Food Bank/Fair events!
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My children and I stayed at this hotel this past weekend. I honestly must say I was impressed with the cleanliness of my room. The staff was very friendly and helpful as well. I would strongly recommend staying at this hotel if your in the DC area. Breakfast was great as well. The only thing I would recommend is fruit for the breakfast setup. I will return to this hotel.
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"...the IEA is the home of good economic analysis applied to public policy." – Allister Heath, The Telegraph
How entrepreneurship will drive economic growth
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8 years in the making for the young adults at French Middle School.... as today was graduation day for them.
Parents had video and still cameras in hand as their children walked into the gym.
For most, Topeka West High School will be the halls they will be walking in next year.


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- Professor Robert Crater, with his wife Nancy, arrives on planet M-113. The professor begins his archaeological excavation of an ancient and extinct civilization on planet M-113. (TOS: "The Man Trap")
- James T. Kirk is romantically involved with Janet Wallace. (TOS: "The Deadly Years")
- Spock meets Leila Kalomi on Earth. (TOS: "This Side of Paradise")
- Dr. Roger Korby sends his last transmission from the planet of Exo III. (TOS: "What Are Little Girls Made Of?")
- On 892-IV, Flavius Maximus wins his first arena game. For the next seven years, he was the most successful gladiator of his province. (TOS: "Bread and Circuses")
According to the Star Trek Chronology, David Marcus is born to James T. Kirk and Carol Marcus, the USS Enterprise completes its third five-year mission and Nyota Uhura graduates from Starfleet Academy on this year.
|23rd century


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SHS drill team has date at Fenway
BARRE Members of Spaulding High Schools Junior ROTC Drill Team will get some high-profile practice in the run-up to their participation in a national competition next month.
The students have been invited to Fenway Park on Thursday to present the colors as the Boston Red Sox open a four-game series with the Houston Astros. The game is scheduled to start at 6:30 p.m.
The so-called Granite Battalion has a much longer road trip coming soon. The team is scheduled to travel to Daytona Beach, Fla., on May 4 to compete in the National High School Drill Team Championships. The team is one of only 35 in the country to be accepted to compete in the open level color guard division of the weekend-long competition.MORE IN Central VermontRUTLAND More than 26,000 people were without power when severe thunderstorms rolled through the... Full StoryAs one of our five senses, vision is depended upon for interacting with the world around us. Full StoryThis week I heard from some commercial truck drivers. Full Story
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We think visiting campus should be easy! That's why we have many different visit options throughout the year to enable you to experience Hood College. Whether it's your first visit or your fifth, we'll make sure you have the opportunity to learn exactly what makes Hood so special.
Register online for a weekday campus visit, available Monday through Friday during either the morning or the afternoon. During the visit, students will interview with an admission counselor and take a student-led campus tour. Please register one week in advance.
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Category Archives: Running
2015 Halloween Biathlon Gallery
Last Thursday saw the initial running of the Halloween biathlon race at the Biathlon range at Elinor's field. 16 competitors contested an interval start race with two shooting stages and three running laps of approximately 600 meters. Penalties required a … Continue reading
When two obvious interests collide, why not make a weekend out of it? That cracking idea was not mine. A multi-year running camp athlete and a handful of big-thinking running coaches came up with the concept: an autumn weekend of trail running … Continue reading
Posted in Running Tagged autumn, craft beer, Oktoberfest, running, trail running Leave a comment
"Team Craftsbury" at the Burlington Invitational
Cross country running and autumn go together hand in thin knit glove: colorfully dressed thinclads dashing up winding hills amidst a blaze of changing leaves, splattered and muddy racing spikes, cold hands and pink cheeks, cheering teammates, friends and parents. Yet … Continue reading
Posted in Running Tagged cross country, high school xc, running 1 Comment
Here's to Autumn Running: Foliage Weekend 2
That familiar snap in the air, glowing sunshine against vibrant leaves, rustling tall corn stalks, shrouded mists on Big Hosmer and hoar frost abounding, autumn at Craftsbury resonates. Fifteen spirited runners showed up for the last foliage weekend running camp … Continue reading
Foliage and Running – Sparkling Sun, Vibrant Runners
The first Foliage and Running camp came and went with glowing sunshine and a collection of runners that gave the weekend wings. With two wife/husband couples, a mother/daughter pair, two running pals and five sparky women from the Melrose Running … Continue reading
Posted in Running Tagged camp wrap, Fall, running Leave a comment
Runner of the Summer: Fred
Every summer amidst the stream of runners who come to Craftsbury and dive into all that encompasses running camp, there is always one who makes me ponder the most what it is to be a runner. There's something about this … Continue reading
Posted in Running Tagged 2015, camper of the year Leave a comment
All Comers Do It All
All comers week started four years ago as an overflow camp for those who didn't register in time for masters week. The week no longer plays second fiddle to masters week. It has its own vibe and it's loaded with … Continue reading
Posted in Running Tagged All Comers, camp, Ridge Run, running Leave a comment
Energy and Experience – Masters Running
Once again the masters romped and stomped their way through their week with 20 returners and 5 new runners. It was a week to remember with favorite coaches Greg and Eric returning to spark it up with their inimitable style. … Continue reading
Posted in Running Tagged camp recap, Masters 1 Comment
Running with Heart – HS XC Week 3
The third and final high school running camp had a flavor all its own. The personalities of these youngsters shone through and they not only held an enterprising talent show, they kept the coaching staff laughing all week. With coaches … Continue reading
Posted in Running Tagged camp, Endurathon Day, high school, running, Teen, XC Leave a comment
Zippy Teen Runners: HS XC Week 2
With 24 speedy teens converging on the Center from as far away as Ethiopia, the coaching staff was strapped in for a fast ride. As is his custom, Coach Pierre brought an SUV chock full of his club runners from … Continue reading
Posted in Running Tagged camp, Endurathon Day, high school, running, Teen, XC Leave a comment


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The Secret to Atheness
S. M. Gilson
This book is the work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents are the product of the author's imagination or are used factiously. Any resemblance to actual events, locales, or persons, living or dead, is coincidental.
Smashwords Edition
Copyright © 2011 by S.M.Gilson
All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
First edition: September 2011
To my wonderful husband and daughter, you are my inspiration. Without you these pages would be blank.


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You may have heard that Ayn Rand really disliked C.S. Lewis. But do you know what happened when Saul Bellow met Whittaker Chambers?
You may have heard that Ayn Rand really disliked C.S. Lewis. But do you know what happened when Saul Bellow met Whittaker Chambers?
Today is Reformation Day and many Protestants around the world already have or will celebrate the roots of their churches. But there is also a crisis going on in the West that needs our attention. Whittaker Chambers put it well in Witness , when he declared, "The crisis of the Western world exists to the degree in which it is indifferent to God."
Secularism, but beyond that a general doctrinal disinterest, is not serving Protestants well. Many churchgoers seek out churches according to their ability to entertain. Many are often much more interested in the facilities, its programs, or seeker-friendly style of worship over what the churches actually believe and teach. The Reformers were prepared to die or be martyred for what they believed and taught. It was of primary importance to them. It would certainly seem that especially today, the West, and especially Protestants, have much to learn from these great thinkers and leaders in the Church.
"Western Civilization has begun to doubt its own credentials," brooded the French novelist, André Malraux (1901-1976). It was men and women of faith who were responsible for a resurgence of Western Civilization. Reformation Day powerfully reminds us that if there is going to be another resurgence of the principles of freedom, liberty, and truth in our society and culture, it will have to come by way of revival and through people of faith. It is the only cure more powerful than the disease of indifference and secularism that is ushering in our demise as a people and culture.
New York magazine's fascinating interview with Justice Antonin Scalia offers much to enjoy, and as Joe Carter has already pointed out, one of the more striking exchanges centers on the existence of the Devil.
When asked whether he has "seen evidence of the Devil lately," Scalia offers the following:
You know, it is curious. In the Gospels, the Devil is doing all sorts of things. He's making pigs run off cliffs, he's possessing people and whatnot. And that doesn't happen very much anymore…What he's doing now is getting people not to believe in him or in God. He's much more successful that way.
As my friend Irene Switzer kindly reminded me, Whittaker Chambers set forth a similar hypothesis in an elegantly written essay for Life magazine in 1948. "When the Age of Reason began," the sub-head begins, "the Devil went 'underground,'" his strategy being "to make men think he doesn't exist."
Setting the scene at a New Year's party in "Manhattan's swank Hotel Nineveh & Tyre," Chambers constructs a fanciful conversation between the Devil and a "pessimist" — a Modern Man what-have-you, who exhibits familiarity with Reinhold Niebuhr and C.S. Lewis (an indication of rejection over ignorance, no doubt). (more…)
We humans have a pesky tendency toward earthbound thinking. The natural world comes more easily to us, for obvious reasons, and thus, even when we aim to overcome our disposition and contemplate ways to improve things beyond the immediate, it's hard for us to break out of the box.
Much like Judas Iscariot, who reacted harshly to Mary's outpouring of expensive ointment on Jesus's feet, we are prone to react only to the material implications, ignoring altogether whether God might prefer us to do something so peculiar as "keep it for the day of [Jesus's] burial," as was the case for Mary.
It is for this reason that the Apostle Paul urged us to present our bodies as a "living sacrifice" — to not be "conformed to this world," but be "transformed by the renewal of your mind." Such a life, Paul explains, demands a transcendent perspective made up by constant "testing" of the world as we naturally see it, that we might "discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect." This is a life consisting of far more than surface-level observations of the physical world, requiring us to submit our reasoning about everything from material prosperity to human happiness to the ultimate will of the Supreme Creator.
This call to active and continuous spiritual discernment reaches into every dusty corner of our day-to-day lives, and it involves plenty of overlap with what we might call the "natural realm" (unhealthy dualism in the other direction is, of course, a competing temptation). Thus, in exploring something as overarching and all-encompassing as our social and economic thought, we should be wary of allowing these natural tendencies and earthly values to serve as the dominating inputs, legitimate and valuable though many of these features may be when properly ordered (e.g. "happiness").
When we attempt to subvert God's transcendent reality, the problem can play out in a variety of ways and in varying degrees. Most clear, perhaps, at least in recent memory, is the example of Soviet Communism — an orientation that Whittaker Chambers once described as "man's second oldest faith," whose "promise was whispered in the first days of the Creation under the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil":
[Communism] is the vision of man's mind displacing God as the creative intelligence of the world. It is the vision of man's liberated mind, by the sole force of its rational intelligence, redirecting man's destiny and reorganizing man's life and the world. It is the vision of man, once more the central figure of the Creation, not because God made man in His image, but because man's mind makes him the most intelligent of the animals. Copernicus and his successors displaced man as the central fact of the universe by proving that the earth was not the central star of the universe. Communism restores man to his sovereignty by the simple method of denying God.
But although the glaring errors of atheism help illuminate where things can turn sour, the trickier questions lie with the rest of us who do seek to place God at the center of all things, yet still find ourselves persistently struggling with how that should look in our day-to-day endeavors. (more…)
For myself, Reformation study was critical to my own spiritual formation. Roland Bainton's Here I Stand is just one book that has had a lasting impact in my life.
This year marks the 60th anniversary of the publication of Witness by Whittaker Chambers. We have a superb article by Richard Reinsch on the deep influence of Witness and its relevance today. Reinsch authored the exceptional Whittaker Chambers: The Spirit of a Counterrevolutionary in 2010. I reviewed the book in a past issue of R&L.
James Franko contributed an essay from a classically liberal perspective on "A Case for Limiting Caesar." I've contributed a review of Mark Tooley's new book Methodism and Politics in the 20th Century.
The "In the Liberal Tradition" figure is Francis Hutcheson. Hutcheson, of course, would do much to shape the notion of rights in the American colonies.
Let me also say something about the expansion of Rev. Robert Sirico's column for this issue. We have excerpted a passage from his new book Defending the Free Market: The Moral Case for a Free Economy. It will be available from Regnery in May of this year. Anybody who is an admirer or feels they can learn something from Rev. Sirico will cherish this publication. It really serves to remind us all just how much the Acton Institute and its mission makes sense.
There is more in this issue. Check out the editor's notes for all the details.
Over at the Liberty Law Blog, there is an excellent post titled "Ronald Reagan, Whittaker Chambers, and the Dialogue of Liberty" by Alan Snyder. Snyder delves into the influence Chambers had on Reagan and how their worldviews differed as well.
Many conservatives and scholars felt Chambers' prediction that the West was on the losing side of history in the battle against Marxism collapsed after the fall of the Iron Curtain and the Soviet Union. For many, the ideas of Chambers and his pessimism about the future of freedom seemed dated. Snyder elaborates on the relevance of Chambers and that the testimony of his witness still stands:
One of Chambers's closest friends, Ralph de Toledano, noted that when the "evil empire" collapsed, people asked him: "Would Whittaker Chambers still believe that he had left the winning side for the losing side?" He replied that Chambers, long before the collapse, had already seen "that the struggle was no longer between Communism and Western civilization, but one in which Western civilization was destroying itself by betraying its heritage." In essence, "Communism had triumphed, not in its Marxist tenet but in its concept of man—a concept which the West has accepted." It goes back to Chambers's insistence that there are two faiths and the West must make a decision: God or man? As he wrote in Witness:
God alone is the inciter and guarantor of freedom. He is the only guarantor. External freedom is only an aspect of interior freedom. Political freedom, as the Western world has known it, is only a political reading of the Bible. Religion and freedom are indivisible. Without freedom the soul dies. Without the soul there is no justification for freedom. …
… There has never been a society or a nation without God. But history is cluttered with the wreckage of nations that became indifferent to God, and died.
For more on Chambers and the impact of his witness, read my review of Richard Richard Reinsch's Whittaker Chambers: The Spirit of a Counterrevolutionary. This exceptional book is a must read.
Richard Reinsch II has an excellent condensed summary of his book Whittaker Chambers: The Spirit of a Counterrevolutionary over at the Heritage Foundation. I really cannot praise Reinsch's account enough. It is perhaps the best book I read in 2010.
I reviewed the book on the PowerBlog and in Religion & Liberty. We also featured Whittaker Chambers as the "In The Liberal Tradition" figure in the last issue of Religion & Liberty. In the write up, we included the citation to the 1984 Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously awarded to Chambers by President Ronald Reagan. The citation reads:
At a critical moment in our Nation's history, Whittaker Chambers stood alone against the brooding terrors of our age. Consummate intellectual, writer of moving majestic prose, and witness to the truth, he became the focus of a momentous controversy in American history that symbolized our century's epic struggle between freedom and totalitarianism, a controversy in which the solitary figure of Whittaker Chambers personified the mystery of human redemption in the face of evil and suffering. As long as humanity speaks of virtue and dreams of freedom, the life and writings of Whittaker Chambers will ennoble and inspire. The words of Arthur Koestler are his epitaph: 'The witness is gone; the testimony will stand.'
I encourage you to read Reinch's summary. It is a fitting and informative tribute to one of the great minds of the 20th century.


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I was thrilled to discover adding {inline} to the Label field for multiple checkboxes gave me the desired display: inline I was looking for.
The end of the checkbox label and the start of the next checkbox are too close together. How can i space those distances to better define which label goes with which checkbox?
My form: http://sanctumbrighton.com.au/mail-test/


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We stayed here 1 night on both ends of our trip to the southern Pantanal; it was very convenient to the airport and had excellent wi-fi coverage. Breakfast was a huge buffet and tasted great. Dinner service was slow, but the food was great. Rooms were the usual I would expect, in clean condition.
Top-rated Attractions Nearby
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Fly away with Peter Pan to the enchanted island of Neverland! This first chapter book adaptation of the classic novel, originally published in 1911, tells the story of the boy who never grows up. And when they join Peter on his magical island, Wendy and her brothers are in for exciting encounters with mermaids, an Indian princess, and pirates! Let the amazing adventures begin!
About the Author
J.M. Barrie was born in 1860, the ninth of ten children of hard-working parents in Scotland's jute-weaving industry. Fascinated by stories of her own life told him by his mother, he was determined to write, finding work on the Nottingham Journal after graduating from Edinburgh University. In 1885, he moved to London as a freelance writer and successfully sold the Auld Licht Idylls, a volume based on his mother's tales. By the time Peter Pan opened on the London stage in 1904, Barrie had written more than thirty novels and plays, many autobiographical and several of them major hits such as The Little Minister, Quality Street and The Admirable Crichton. Knighted and awarded the Order of Merit he continued writing into old age. He died in 1937.
Cathy East Dubowski is a widely published author of media-related books. Her titles include Never Been Kissed, 7th Heaven, Four Years With the Camden Family and several in the Sabrina, the Teenage Witch series.
Jean Zallinger contributed to nature guides from Golden Guides and St. Martin's Press.


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