text:
UPDATE: Lebanon County DA to bring in divers to search Memorial Lake
A petition insisting the Lebanon County District Attorney's office search for missing Palmyra resident Kortne Stouffer in Memorial Lake has been posted online through the website www.change.org.
The petition was created in response to an article PennLive article published Friday. It detailed the account of a South Lebanon Township resident who said Stouffer was killed by acquaintances when she went missing from her apartment during the early morning hours of July 29, 2012.
Amanda Ballester, 26, said drugs and money were involved in the crime, and that those responsible rolled Stouffer's body up in a rug, weighted it down and dumped it in the lake next to Fort Indiantown Gap in East Hanover Township.
Scott Stouffer, Kortne's father, said Ballester provided the "most credible" information on the whereabouts of his daughter since she went missing 20 months ago.
Still, Lebanona County District Attorney David Arnold, whose office is leading the Kortne Stouffer investigation, isn't convinced. Arnold said Ballester's story has changed and that the information she provided isn't credible.
Arnold's office doesn't have its own water investigation team. And he said he would need a more substantial lead to prompt him to ask an outside agency to search the lake.
Whether his daughter is found in the lake doesn't matter, Scott Stouffer said. If she isn't, a search would allow loved ones to cross one more potential location off the list, he said.
There were more than 4,700 signatures on the petition as of 4:30 p.m. Sunday.
The request in part reads:
"There is controversy/hesitation on whether or not it is beneficial to search Memorial Lake for evidence or leads regarding Kortne Stouffer and her missing case that started on July 29th, 2012... family and friends need some sort of closure, after going through 20 months without." Friday detailing the account of a South Lebanon Township resident who said Stouffer was killed by acquaintances when she went missing from her apartment during the early morning hours of October 29, 2012."


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Skip to comments.Coast to Coast am [Art Bell returns] Time Travel show..
Posted on 11/20/2009 9:18:51 PM PST by divine_moment_of_facts
Time Travel
Art Bell returns live to speak with psi researcher and experiencer Starfire Tor, who'll discuss time shifts and time slips, the Core Matrix, the nature of time travel, and the government's involvement with time travel technology..
(Excerpt) Read more at coasttocoastam.com ...
First hour guest Whitley Strieber will talk about Starfire Tor's research as well as the recent increase in asteroid activity..
Hey do you know what the show will be about next wednesday night 11/25? road trip traveling to FL and will be tuning in...
The other night/morning some guy was going on and on about how he was a Time Traveler for the US Government.
It explains the 2008 election results.
So much to mock in that phrase... ;)
List of stations streaming the broadcast?
I already listened to that episode next week.
Since tonight's show is about time slips, why don't you just catch the 11/25 show this evening? ;-)
One time ping to redeem myself after the last unfortunate C2Cam show I posted before I knew the guest was an idiot Lib.. :)
Yeah that was one crazy show.. heard it too!
I thought it was about "shadow people"? LOL
The best show I ever listened to was the one about "nomes".
Starts at 1:06 am EST.
I hear ya! Art Bell and Time Travel are my FAVORITE C2Cam shows. :)
Actually, I remember that show now... it was some guy talking about 2012 and how it isn't just predicted by the Mayans but by a bunch of other people as well, and how it means the end of this age.
I listened to that one last month...
>>Yeah that was one crazy show.. heard it too!<<
Did you picture Tony Nelson with Jeannie blinking him into different times? That was the imagery I got.. (LOL)
"Starts at 1:06 am EST."
no, it was about these 2 guys that wrote a book about nomes, and how they are everywhere, and most people have them, you can even leave them a beer at night and they love beer, and will drink it. They even talked about nomes homes where you would build a doll house and gift it to the nomes to make them happy. very funny, best of...
LOL @ I Dream of Jeanie.. He was amazing.. I didn't believe what he said, but what a Novel and Movie it would make! Genius!
Agree. Ocassionally George gets it, but Art has a mystique. Beginning with his choice of music, his guests, the intensity he brings to the interview. A one and only...
"Thanks for the heads up. I stopped listening to C2C when Art Bell retired. But I can't pass this up. Nobody does an interview as good as Art Bell."
I second that. Art Bell has always been one of my favorite radio hosts, right up there with Rush, Beck and Savage. He's not on the air much anymore since he's "retired" so thanks for the heads up. I "discovered" Art in the late 90s when I used to do a lot of very late night driving. His interesting subjects and interviews always kept me awake at the wheel, even at 2 or 3 in the morning. I'm eternally grateful.
I continue to ask the question, if people have time-travelled, how come they never popped up and told everyone what's going to happen? People like Art Bell mumble something about them being quite and only liking to watch. As if humans could stop being humans and suddenly get all disciplined.
Perhaps we have talked to time-travellers, only we considered them crazy people, prophets, or psychics. Or maybe they were like Biff in "Back to the Future II" and were only interested in making a quick buck. I could believe that.
I already went forward in time to hear it. It was only so, so.
"It explains the 2008 election results"
I don't get it. How would a time-traveller cause that?
I've always wondered if the guests on this show really believe the things they say.
"Ive always wondered if the guests on this show really believe the things they say"
If people believe in socialism, they can believe in time travel and gnomes.
I tend to believe true time travelers would be quite about it.. Hard to know what you'd do in that situation.
Yeah. As an entertainer, he's even better than Rush. It doesn't matter how crazy the person he's interviewing is, he still makes it entertaining and treats them with respect. Mr. Bell is the superb professional.
My favorites were nights where he would only accept calls from (people who claimed to be) time travelers. I wish he would take his show back.
"The other night/morning some guy was going on and on about how he was a Time Traveler for the US Government."
Sorry, I was out collecting future-to-past-generation-time-travel-tax for Obama the III and got really drunk at some bar. Being lonely, I decided to make some crank calls from a payphone. Sorry.
"The Vulcan science academy has determined that time travel is impossible."
Oh you people and your quotes from fictional hobgoblins in space. Any sane person knows that time travel is possible. Have you ever seen Lost?!!?!??
Hosted by George Noory
Tom Horn
Wednesday November 25, 2009
Researcher Tom Horn will discuss how 2012 is a pivotal time which coincides with prophecies from not only the Mayans, but Christianity, Greek mythology, Ufology, and the Founding Fathers of the U.S., culminating in the return of a powerful entity, which most every culture interprets as a new time.
With Art you have a sense that he believes EVERY WORD these guests are saying (and he probably does)
With George you get the feeling he is an extremely competant interviewer... but just not that into it- not like the breathless "Can you beleive this, folks??" you get with Art that really sucks you in
>>Sorry, I was out collecting future-to-past-generation-time-travel-tax for Obama the III and got really drunk at some bar. Being lonely, I decided to make some crank calls from a payphone. Sorry.<<
Hey, you owe me 13 trillion dollars. The operator charged your call to my number and then applied 25 cents against inflation for the 14 or so millenia at prevailing rates.
Fortunately, I did my best zerobama impression, so they said "oh well if it is you then trillions of dollars is no big deal..." but I am not sure how long that will work.
"I tend to believe true time travelers would be quite about it. Hard to know what youd do in that situation"
I don't think it's that hard. If they were super-secret spies who came back in time to save the world, but if they spoke the spell would be broken, maybe they'd keep quiet. But since when do most government workers (if it is the government that has the technology) keep tight lips? As for regular people (if regular people are allowed to travel in time), people would eat poop to get on TV. You don't think they'd try to get famous for something as huge as traveling through time?
>>My favorites were nights where he would only accept calls from (people who claimed to be) time travelers. I wish he would take his show back. <<
The good news is that there is a Universe where he has.
What's the song that starts out the show? I want to download. Any info is appreciated.
"Have you ever seen Lost?"
Yes, and they explained it so well. Time is a needle on a record which occassionally skips. Like that time you listened to Pink Floyd so long that you lost track of things and missed the bus to school.
"Have you ever seen Lost?"
Yes, and they explained it so well. Time is a needle on a record which occassionally skips. Like that time you listened to Pink Floyd so long that you lost track of things and missed the bus to school.
"First hour guest Whitley Strieber will talk about Starfire Tor's research as well as the recent increase in asteroid activity.."
Is this the same Whitley Strieber that cowrote that book "Warday" (I think that was his name)? If so, I recall reading that cover to cover as a teenager. What an outstanding book that was ... it was about a limited nuclear war between the USSR and USA.
I always had some sick fascination with end of the world stories ... not like I want it to happen, but I recall being scared to death after seeing "The Day After" when I was young (like 10 years old). I started to read more about the improbabilities of full scale nuclear war, and started to "stop worrying and love the bomb" a bit more :-)! Works of fiction became rather neat forms of "dark entertainment" from there on out. Yeah, sounds sad :-).
What really freaked me out in "Warday" is that the characters in the novel visited Old Allegheny County airport which was about a 3 or 4 mile walk from where I live (in Western PA, about 10 miles out of Pittsburgh). That hit close to home ... literally. Hearing about your area being "devistated, in a state of panic, etc." really doesn't help sleeping :-)!
Inca Dance..
Will he be discussing the phony global warmers? and the con job perpetuated on us?
Call me skeptical, I just tend not to trust the research of people named "Starfire".
No, I'm talking about the show that'll be on next Wednesday. :-)
I just checked WABC and it doesn't seem to be broadcasting the show at this time.. sorry about that.. I listen on X radio. I'll check were it can be found.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Avril Lavigne gets safety pin tattoo on neck during girls'' night out
Submitted by Kiran Pahwa on Tue, 03/15/2011 - 16:43
New York, Mar 15 : Canadian singer Avril Lavigne is said to have recently got a new tattoo in the form of a safety pin during a girls'' night out.
Lavigne, 26, had swore she would not get anymore tattoos done, but it seems to have slipped her mind as she tweeted about getting one on her neck.
"Girls day!!!!!! Listening to my new record with my girls and catching up," the New York Daily News quoted her as tweeting.
"Uh-oh girls day turning into girls night ... Should I get a tattoo???? Haha," she stated.
Lavigne kept her more than 720,000 Twitter followers updated on her mini adventure and provided a clue to the design she chose to get permanently inked with.
"It''s comes in handy all the time, it can hurt you, but at the same time keep you together, safety first!" teased the singer, who asked fans to guess what design she chose while posting pictures of the inking process.
"What a great day with my girlfriends. Just being me ... Girl time is always necessary. And I got a tattoo. Holy crap hahah," she wrote after getting her new body art. (ANI)
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text:
CARNEYS POINT TWP. — Like many of his peers, Dom Merendino wasn't sure what he wanted to do after graduating college.
So he decided to go to Japan.
After finishing an economics degree from Stockton, the 22-year-old Penns Grove VoTech alumnus found an organization called Interac while searching for a job.
Interac is a Japanese company that specializes in education consultation and hires Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs) to help Japanese English teachers in the classroom.
Merendino applied to become an ALT and was accepted.
"I always wanted to study abroad. So this is kind of my way of studying abroad without having to pay to do it," he said.
This will not be Merendino's first time in a classroom. After applying to be an ALT, he started substitute teaching in Penn's Grove school district.
"I've been a substitute teacher for the past five months, and I liked it a lot," he said.
He also said he was considering a career in education.
In February, he found out he was assigned to a junior high school in a town called Uraga, in Yokosuka.
Yokosuka is on a peninsula on the east coast of Japan, bordered by the Tokyo and Sagami bays. Merendino said he was able to see pictures of the location online.
"I saw pictures of my apartment, the apartment building, what's around it. You know, where the local 7-11 is, where the local movie theatre is, all that stuff," he said.
He said he was eager to make the trip, but realized that some things will be difficult.
"It's a big combination of really excited but really nervous at the same time. I mean I'm going to a country where I don't really know the language."
Merendino signed a one-year contract with Interac and left for training in Tokyo on March 20. During the week-long training session he will learn company protocol and receive instruction on how to teach his classes. He will also get some language training and tips on how to navigate Japanese culture.
Despite the training session, he still thinks that fitting in may be difficult, in the most literal sense. In addition to speaking little Japanese, Merendino is 6-feet, 3-inches tall, and will be trying to accommodate himself in a country where the average height for a male is 5-feet, 7-inches.
He thinks he may have trouble getting in and out of his shower and lofted bed, among other things.
"I might have to wear a helmet," he said.
After the training session he will have a week off, and hopes to explore some of Japan's life and culture.
"I want to go to a sumo match, I know I want to do that," he said.
He also wants to see the one-to-one scale Gundam statue, visit the high-tech shopping district Akihabara, and see the Japanese version of the Disney and Universal theme parks.
Merendino's parents would like to visit him, but haven't made any plans as of yet. Although they are disappointed to see him leave and anxious about what he may encounter, they are proud that he took the initiative.
"I have mixed feelings," said Andy Merendino, his father. "I'm very proud that he's pulling the trigger but I'm concerned with chaos in the world."


text:
Anne Hathaway - Catwoman in "The Dark Knight Rises" - busts a rhyme. (Access Hollywood)
Life lessons from Ahnold as "Conan the Barbarian." (io9.com)
More lessons, this time from Professor "Big Lebowski." (EW.com)
Psst! We know where Kim Kardashian and Chris Humphries are tying the knot. (extratv.warnerbros.com)
French actor Gerard Depardieu reportedly goes oui-oui, er, wee-wee, on plane. (LA Times)
Daniel Radcliffe goes from Hogwarts to horror in "The Woman in Black." (thewrap.com)
AC/DC has wines, but we doubt if their fruity venture comes dirt cheap. (A.V. Club)
"Lone Ranger" director, producer offer to take less silver to save Johnny Depp movie. (Hollywood Reporter)


text:
Start Date/Time: Thursday, March 29, 2012, 3:30 PM
Ending Date/Time: Thursday, March 29, 2012, 4:30 PM
Location: More Hall 220
[CEE 500 Seminar]
Title: Climate, snow, and water: An overview of change in the Upper Fraser River Basin
Speaker: Stephen Déry Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia
The Fraser River Basin (FRB) drains 240,000 km2 or one quarter of British Columbia (BC), Canada, forming one of the greatest salmon rivers in the world. It bears a large amount of natural and human heritage manifested through its ecological, social, and economic diversity. This presentation will focus on several aspects of the changing climate and environment of the upper FRB. Background information on the 20th century regional climate will first be presented. This will be followed by an investigation of blowing snow in the Cariboo Mountains and its potential impacts on glacier mass balance in the area. The role of climate change on snowpack accumulation and soil moisture in the Inland Temperate Rainforest will then be discussed. The presentation will next report on a knowledge sharing process on climate change and water held at Stellat'en First Nation of northwestern BC. Some final thoughts will close the presentation.


text:
- Product Information
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- Questions & Answers
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DIY Fall Fireplace Mantel
Fall is one of the best seasons to decorate for, with its warm hues and natural beauty. Learn how to decorate your fireplace mantel for the fall season with this simple DIY tutorial.
Keep Your Child Safe This Halloween with Light Up Accessories
Be seen, be safe. Add light up accessories to your child's Halloween costume that will make them visible to motorists and other pedestrians while trick-or-treating this Halloween.
5 Steps to Keep Zombies Away During the Zombie Apocalypse
In the event that a Zombie Apocalypse does occur, you and your loved ones will remain safe and untouched when you follow these (fun and) simple steps.


text:
Gone With the Wind Dresses
Thursday, October 25, 2012 1:53 PM
This undated handout photo provided by the Harry Ransom Center shows conservator Cara Varnell using an opti-visor, to study the green curtain dress jacket worn by Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone With the Wind". The iconic dress and Scarlett's burgundy ball gown from the 1939 film were saved from deterioration by a $30,000 conservation effort by the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas. The dresses are on display for the first time in nearly 30 years at London's Victoria and Albert Museum as part of a Hollywood costume exhibit. (AP Photo/Harry Ransom Center,Pete Smith)
Related articles
- Iconic 'Gone With the Wind' dresses restored, displayed October 25, 2012, 1:47 PM


text:
Since at least 2001, Richard S. Piccoli has advertised his investment business, Gen-See Capital Corporation, in The Catholic Sun, the Syracuse diocesan newspaper.
An ad in the Jan. 8 edition promised a 7.1 percent annual return on investments.
Turns out that promise may have been an invitation to a scam.
Last week, federal prosecutors accused Piccoli, of Williamsville, a Buffalo suburb, of running a Ponzi scheme that may have generated $17 million from more than 250 investors since 2004. Piccoli solicited investors through ads in Catholic publications, including the Sun, federal prosecutors say.
The federal criminal complaint also says he advertised in the Rochester Diocese's newspaper, the Catholic Courier.
Prosecutors don't know whether any of the investors are from the Syracuse or Rochester areas, said Gretchen L. Wylegala, the assistant U.S. attorney prosecuting Piccoli. She urges anyone who may have responded to Piccoli's ads to call a hotline set up for the case or to send her a note.
"My understanding is they're scattered around the country," she said of the investors.
She also said that the alleged scheme may have involved more than 250 people and $17 million.
The legal complaint accuses Piccoli of keeping $600,000 for his own use, but Wylegala said the amount could be higher and the alleged scheme may date to the 1980s.
"The most formidable problem is the pool of victims and just what the loss is," she said. "We're using a mailing list we obtained, but we don't know how accurate that is."
Piccoli, 82, was in federal court in Buffalo Tuesday to address criminal charges accusing him of mail fraud and civil charges, filed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
He is free without bail and has surrendered his passport, Wylegala said. A judge agreed to freeze his and his company's assets, she said.
If convicted, Piccoli faces up to 20 years in prison and a $250,000 fine.
The criminal complaint says Piccoli mainly targeted the elderly and Catholics. He claimed he invested in high-quality residential mortgages.
But instead of investing the money from new investors, Piccoli used the money to pay earlier investors, the complaint says. That essentially, is the basis of a Ponzi, or pyramid, scheme.
"There is no evidence that any investments of any kind are being made by Piccoli on behalf of his investors," the criminal complaint says.
Connie Berry, editor of The Catholic Sun, said she pulled Piccoli's ad as soon as she learned of the charges.
She said she never dealt with Piccoli, but he paid for the ads on time and she is unaware of any readers complaining about his business.
"My understanding is he that he really preyed upon Catholic readership and used his connections with priests. That made people trust him," she said.
Wylegala said people who run Ponzi schemes typically target a specific group to gain trust and credibility.
"They think, 'ah, if a priest thinks it's good, it's OK,'" she said.
While she's prosecuted other people accused of Ponzi schemes, Wylegala said people may be focusing on the Piccoli accusations because of the Bernard L. Madoff scandal.
Madoff has confessed to committing $50 billion fraud. His investors included the famous, wealthy, charities and universities.
"People are a little more tuned into what a Ponzi scheme is and how people you think people might be more savvy might get sucked into it," Wylegala said.
Where to call
If you did business with Richard S. Piccoli, you should contact the U.S. attorney in Buffalo.
Hotline: (716) 853-5344
Mail: Gretchen L. Wylegala, assistant U.S. attorney; 135 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, 14202


text:
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text:
might just be a bad wheel bearing, did you check for play in it when you had it off the ground?
I had an issue this past weekend with the drivers side front wheel making a loud popping and clacking noise when the wheel was moving. I replaced the CV Axle shaft, but after getting everything back together last night, I noticed that I still have a loud noise coming from that wheel when the vehicle is in motion.
My first thought was that something had gone on with the brakes, since I put the old rotor/pads back on after the half shaft replacement, but am still not sure.
A couple of other issues come to mind:
1. When I pulled the hub nut off of the old half shaft, there was a thick black washer behind it. Since the new half shaft did not come with a washer, I reused this washer when installing the new shaft. Should I have put this washer back in or not?
2. When tightening the hub nut, I used a 1/2" drive bar and a mini sledge to torque the nut down. I sinched it down pretty tight. (Dumb move on my part, I know... I since learned that the torque spec for the hub nut is 177 ft/lb) * Thoughts are I may have crused the wheel bearing *
Running out of ideas. My plans are tonight to put the truck back up on the jack and check for play in the left front wheel. After that, I am going to pull the new half shaft and then turn the hub manually to see if my noise is still present.
Any other ideas/suggestions?? Wanting to get the truck back on the road before this weekend... missing good fishing weather
might just be a bad wheel bearing, did you check for play in it when you had it off the ground?
ASE Master Certified Technician
2000 Silverado 6.0 4L80E 2wd
*RIP*1994 Z71 SCLB 355, Dart Heads, 10.5:1 CR, PM rods, CC XR270HR
That is the plans for this afternoon. I had to quit yesterday evening after getting it back together and road testing it... The lawn was getting tall and needed cut before I started losing people in it.
If the rain will hold out today, I am going to jack it up and check for play in the wheel.
Yes you should have put that washer back in behind the hub nut.
Check for play in the wheel bearing.
That hub nut is going to be the highest torqued item in the whole truck at 177ftlbs. You should really get yourself a torque wrench. Over tightening stuff causes damage.
DD -07 Illverado, 5.3, Airaid, 4/6 mcgaughys deluxe drop, HID projectors, LED in/out, colormatched ext/int, chrome U2 55 24x10, 15% over factory, rollpan, RST spoiler, lots of mods
Ok. Just wanted to make sure that the washer went back in. Neither the videos on youtube nor the haynes manual address that washer.
For the record, I do have a S&K torque wrench, however it only reads to 150 ft/lb.. Will be investing in a nice clicker style after this mishap.
Should I leave the wheel on but just elevated to check for play, or should I remove the wheel and pull on the hub itself? Trying to get all my ducks in a row so I can actually do some useful testing this afternoon
Jack the wheel off the ground by the control arm.
Grab the bottom of the wheel and try to move it in and out.
You won't have any trouble figuring it out, if the hub bearing is bad. (probably is)
Just changed one of mine on Sun... what a PITA... took almost an hour, and I got a smudge on my jeans besides. Although that did include rotating the tires, so I kept having to move the jack.
Don't worry about "torque spec". That's a bunch of "measure with micrometer mark with chalk cut with axe". Just tighten the crap out of it. You won't "crush" anything. As tight as you can get it, should be just about enough. Don't outsmart yourself over something THAT simple.
RB04Av, how stuipd are you?
Yeah I did call you stupid and will do it again.
Bearings are one of the huge things that need to be torqued properly to keep them together.
Granted an older style for an example. On the 2wd's the rotor comes off by taking the bearings out individually, not as a unit.
Newer they are a unit. The torque for my 96 if I remeber correctly is 25 ft lb's turn the tire then hand tight.
The torque and rotation seats the bearings, the final hand tight or snug holds the bearing as tight as need be.
Not torquing them will cause the tire to fall off, over torquing them causes the bearing to burn up and then the tire to fall off.
Either way your comment was just plain stupid and should be ignored.
03 Silverado ECSB, Dmax, Allison, 3.73 G80
96 Silverado ECSB, 350, 4L60E, 3.73's Powertrax Locker
05 Cavalier
74 Corvette Stingray, 350, 4 speed
49 F-1, flathead 6, 4 speed, 2wd, unknown rear end. Old rust bucket.
Mighty damn stoopid. Wanna have a contest?how stuipd are you?
Terrific advice... FOR SOME OTHER VEHICLE besides what he's working on.The torque for my 96 if I remeber correctly is 25 ft lb's turn the tire then hand tight
That's how you assemble a 2WD setup. Which is not what he's got. (or what I've got either)
I hammered mine down with an impact set on "kill"; let it eat for a bit, prolly about 10 good hits.
On a hub bearing, it's one GREAT BIG THICK piece of metal... when you "torque" that nut, all you're doing, is tightening it against the bearing bore. Might as well be a piece of ¼" wall pipe. You can tighten em as tight as you want, as long as you don't strip the threads or stretch the axle shaft.
You comment is just plain STUIPD and should be ignored.
Go work on a 4WD before you give advice about them. ;) You're smarter than this, don't ruin your credibility this way.
Last edited by RB04Av; 04-23-2013 at 07:40 PM.
Maybe I worded my sentence a little wrong, but why I said as an example.
Bearings are torqued for a reason. As I stated.
Yes his is 4wd, yes I have worked on 4wds, why I used mine as an example to demonstrate the idea behind having the correct torque.
Nothing I said ruined my credibility, just yours with the comments you posted.
Again you did it.
When these bearings were first made they did need the torque to hold them together, however the new style does not. Case in point I can take a pic, my 03 has 4wd hubs on it with no half shaft or nut.
However when you move onto other things they do. Not knowing if the bearings (even the same look) need that torque or not can and has killed people.
Go to a 2wd or trailer, etc... they need torqued.
Overtorquing even though these do not need torqued, you can strech and strip the threads. May not be so important on this, but that is one of the biggest reason bolts break.
Their is a reason these get torqued, and a reason pretty much everyone said torque to 177 ft lb's (I believe, didn't look again).
Even the OP stated he messed up and want's to do it right.
03 Silverado ECSB, Dmax, Allison, 3.73 G80
96 Silverado ECSB, 350, 4L60E, 3.73's Powertrax Locker
05 Cavalier
74 Corvette Stingray, 350, 4 speed
49 F-1, flathead 6, 4 speed, 2wd, unknown rear end. Old rust bucket.
And dont worry about advice like this from the occasional idiot. Theres plenty of us that know better than will pop in and correct them, some of us are actually licensed technitians too, not redneck yokels that git-er-done.
Anyways, to adress the issue, jack up the suspected wheel and have someone grab the tire at 12 and 6 oclock and push it back and forth while you get behind the wheel and look at the bearing. The bearing should have ZERO play in it, if there is any movement then replace it. And for the record, 100ftlbs should be plenty for the 3 or 4 bolts that hold the hub bearing to the knuckle from the backside. 30-40 ftlbs for the caliper bolts, and 100ftlbs for the caliper bracket to hub bolts. If that bearing doesnt want to come out of the knuckle when all the bolts are out, then feel free to beat the crap out of the old bearing with a BFH (Big Effin Hammer) to get it out.
Rockauto.com is also a great place to order your knew bearing from. Stay away from the cheapo brands and go for the midrange in price. Whatever you choose + shipping is still gonna beat the pants off whatever NAPA wants for the part. I even order from these guys and Im in Canada and save money with the shipping and duty charges over what my local parts stores will sell for.
Last edited by SoSoFLY; 04-23-2013 at 09:45 PM.
DD -07 Illverado, 5.3, Airaid, 4/6 mcgaughys deluxe drop, HID projectors, LED in/out, colormatched ext/int, chrome U2 55 24x10, 15% over factory, rollpan, RST spoiler, lots of mods
OK. Didn't mean to start a flaming war here.. but I did want to report back with progress this evening.
After getting back home, I jacked the wheel up and checked for play and grinding. I observed both a grinding noise and play in the bearing.. (1/8" to 3/16" of play by estimate)
I then removed the wheel, caliper, and rotor and checked the hub for play and grinding. It was still observed. For purity, I removed the new CV Axle shaft and checked for play and grinding again. Again it was evident.
I have removed the hub assembly and will be replacing it tomorrow.
On a side note, just for the hell of it I stuck a torque wrench on the hub nut prior to removing it. It was torqued in the neighborhood of 150 ft/lb so at least it wasn't my "poor mans impact wrench" that crushed the bearing. :-)
Thanks all for the help and support. I look forward to being back on the road tomorrow evening and hopefully hitting the lake Thursday and Friday afternoon this week
There's no "bearing crush" on that.
There's a time and a place for concern with that sort of details; this ain't it. Regardless of what people WHO HAVE NEVER SEEN ONE AND DON'T KNOW HOW IT'S PUT TOGETHER have to say about it.
You'll be AMAZED at how much better your truck drives: specifically, how much better it goes in a straight line all by itself. Might even make you want to get after the other one as well.


text:
It may be a horse of a different color, but the Platinum Pony will still have a lot of familiar hues.
The Platinum Pony, which opens Friday, is the new name for Popcorn Noir in Easthampton, but owner Kristen Davis made it clear that Popcorn Noir–as a film club–hasn't gone anywhere.
"Popcorn Noir still exists and will focus its energy on our successful film club," she said.
But generally, the venue itself will be known but it's new name. Inspiration for the new name, Davis said, came from one of the first pieces of art showcased at the venue: A silver unicorn sculpture by Scout Cuomo.
"Over the last three years we have grown to be more than just movies and we wanted a new name that celebrated our collaborations with artists, entertainers, musicians, and performers," she said.
While the club will open Friday, the official opening party will occur on August 2 with DJ Le Fox and her monthly Denim Pony Party. But Friday's opening night will see Popcorn Noir screening its first movie in the newly renovated space, followed by Layerface and Frida Precariat
Davis said although the Pony will have a huge range of events–from live music to DJ dance parties to theater–planned every night, she wants to be known for more than just happenings.
"We are the kind of place you can go after work for a nice cocktail or sit by the gorgeous Nash Pond and enjoy our patio for dinner," she said. "The place is sparkly and fun and we want people to just come and enjoy the awesome space we've created."
Davis had a wall removed to create a bigger space for performances. So while she will retain a plethora of weekly events have been longtime favorites, she is excited to have expanded space for new ventures.
"We have an awesome group of trivia regulars that have been here since the beginning. We've had great dance parties in the past and are excited to continue working with DJs," she said. "Monday night Backyard Barbecues are definitely going to continue and when oyster season returns we'll be shucking up the best of them. We will continue to create unusual programming and be a space for people to express their creativity. We're very excited to have more performance space for musicians and live theater."
Many local mixology fans have long claimed Popcorn Noir has the best cocktails in the area. Davis said that will continue with the Platinum Pony.
"We are excited that people love our cocktails. We are really passionate about excellent drinks and strive to create a really creative and unusual bar," she said. "We feature an extensive range of house infusions like cucumber gin, blueberry vodka, and hibiscus tequila. We use these to create our one-of-a-kind cocktails. We also teach a monthly class called 'Mastering Mixology,' and the first one is August 21 at 7 p.m. and will feature champagne cocktails to celebrate our new champagne on draft.
Draft champagne (and wine) has been popular in Europe, New York and Los Angeles, but haven't made it to smaller cities much yet, Davis said,
"We are super stoked to be the first to offer it in the valley," she said "While it isn't really champagne, it is Prosecco, we are excited to be able to offer an awesome product that is always fresh and sparkly. We will have other draft wines, as well as Ginger Libation and other beers."
For those who were worried about losing the film aspect, Davis said that Popcorn Noir will continue to host multiple films each week, namely Sunday afternoon for families at 4 p.m., Sunday at 7 p.m. and on Friday at 6 p.m.
"With the new space we have incredible versatility, we've even incorporated new technology to make our film experience better, guests will have a variety of seating options, use of headphones and even table top speakers like a drive in movie," she said.
Last but not at all least, Davis and staff re-organized streamlined the overall operations, allowing them to extend the kitchen hours and serve food late-night every night. Davis hopes the changes will further spur enthusiasm about Easthampton's increasingly artsy downtown.
"Easthampton is a rapidly growing, vibrant community," she said. "We are excited to continue to promote the arts and culture scene, showcase the beautiful pond, serve great food, delicious cocktails and be a part of this exciting city."


text:
Office of Human Resources
Main Office: Building 39, 2nd Floor | 202.274.5020 | 202.274.6300
Office Hours: 8:30am - 5pm, Mon - Fri
Employees are encouraged to use
UDC's portal: myUDC for internal information and communications »
All Employee SafeTrack Announcement
Holiday Closure Schedule
Open Enrollment Notice
The Office of Human Resources is MOVING…. Temporarily
Effective Monday May 21, the Office of Human Resources will be relocating to the David A. Clarke School of Law (Building 52 on the Van Ness Campus map), 3rd floor, room 306.
The old offices on the third floor of building 38 will be renovated to create additional classrooms for the School of Business and Public Administration.
Other than location, contact information for all Human Resources Staff will stay the same.
Please note that beginning Friday May 18, and continuing through Monday May 21, Human Resources services may be limited as office files and equipment are boxed up, in transit, delivered, and unpacked.
Please come and see us in our new location!


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This deal has ended.
Through 10/3, Bloomingdales.com takes 20% off with code FF20 the already reduced kate spade new york Darien Opus Leather Drawstring Tote, dropping it to $154.84, originally $395. This tote features double shoulder straps, and interior zip pocket, and logo lining. Shipping starts at $8 or is free with $300 and sales tax is charged in states with Bloomingdale's retail locations.No longer available


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Related Articles
The MEDLINE Retriever.
Fowler, J.
Barber, S.
Gilson, H.
Long, K. B.
Gorry, G. A.
Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer Application in Medical Care
Baylor College of Medicine has developed the MEDLINE Retriever, a tool to query MEDLINE, the data-base of medical literature at the National Library of Medicine. The MEDLINE Retriever communicates via the Internet to achieve excellent response time for MEDLINE queries. It uses the X Window System and the Motif toolkit, and employs the Knowbot Operating Environment developed by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives. We discuss the architecture of the MEDLINE Retriever, focusing on the graphical user interface that we have developed, as well as our experiences in developing and deploying the MEDLINE Retriever at Baylor. The MEDLINE Retriever is an extension of Baylor's IAIMS design concept that brought forth the Virtual Notebook System, and fits well with Baylor's aims with regard to the High Performance Computing Initiative.
Related Articles
IAIMS development at Baylor College of Medicine.
Gorry, G A
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
At Baylor College of Medicine, we are developing the technical and intellectual resources needed to realize the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) concept fully. The substantial technical, organizational, and financial commitments involved demand that we align our efforts with the strategic purposes of the college. The support of science, therefore, has become the principal, but not exclusive, focus of Baylor's IAIMS effort. Even so, the information technology architecture we have created for biomedical research is proving valuable in other settings as well. And the infrastructure we are creating--the communications architecture and the linkages to information resources--serves many purposes in addition to those of research. The architecture accommodates a diversity of workstations, networks, and informational and computational servers. This will be the greatest possible chance of transferring the fruits of our Phase III development to other academic medical centers.
Related Articles
Using Hypertext to Facilitate Information Sharing in Biomedical Research Groups
Chaney, R. Jesse
Shipman, Frank M.
Gorry, G. Anthony
Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer Application in Medical Care
As part of our effort to create an Integrated Academic Information Management System at Baylor College of Medicine, we are developing information technology to support the efforts of scientific work groups. Many of our ideas in this regard are embodied in a system called the Virtual Notebook which is intended to facilitate information sharing and management in such groups. Here we discuss the foundations of that system - a hypertext system that we have developed using a relational data base and the distributable interface the we have written in the X Window System.
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The impact of IAIMS at Georgetown: strategies and outcomes.
Broering, N C
Bagdoyan, H E
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
Integration of multiple information systems of a medical center will change the way physicians work and practice medicine in the future. Several major steps must be taken by an institution to make this a reality. Since 1983, Georgetown has been engaged in an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) project to bring together multiple sources of information that reside on different computers and database systems. Georgetown is developing a Biotechnology and Biomedical Knowledge Network that includes informational and clinical databases, scholar workstations, instruction on computer use, a campuswide network with local area network nodes, and a modular approach to systems integration. The IAIMS project, spearheaded by the medical library, has enabled a broad spectrum of health professionals to benefit directly from new, dynamic information services. The network is heavily used; in 1991, more than 2,100 individual users conducted more than 148,500 computer functions and more than 104,000 searches. There is economy of scale in high-volume use. Overall, the average search cost is $1.57; for high use databases the cost is $0.38, and for low use, it is $9.41. As described in this paper, IAIMS offers a cost-effective means of enhancing patient care by improving information services to physicians. At Georgetown, IAIMS has advanced the concept of integration, accelerated use of computers in education, increased user acceptance of advanced technologies, and established cost factors for providing information resources. While progress made in improving the transfer of medical information is impressive, it is clear that IAIMS requires several more years of support to achieve full implementation.
Related Articles
IAIMS: An Interview with Dick West
Ash, Joan S.
Johnson, Frances E.
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
Richard T. West, IAIMS (Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems) Program Officer at the National Library of Medicine for 13 years, reflects on the origin, development, effectiveness, and future of IAIMS efforts. He dwells on the changes that have taken place as the concept of IAIMS has evolved from a technology-based to an organization-based level of integration. The role of IAIMS in patient care, education, and research is discussed, along with the role of the librarian in the implementation of IAIMS programs. He sees a need for training for librarians, informaticians, and others in preparation for these efforts and for the development of academic reward systems that encourage them. He expresses a desire for those working in information technology in hospitals to gain a clearer understanding of IAIMS, because the concept fits hospitals as well as academic health science centers. He exhorts informaticians to bring to reality the futuristic fantasies of a new information world.
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The impact of IAIMS on the work of information experts. Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems.
Ash, J
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems (IAIMS) programs differ but have certain characteristics in common. Technological and organizational integration are universal goals. As integration takes place, what happens to those implementing the vision? A survey of 125 staff members, or information experts, involved in information or informatics at an IAIMS-funded institution was conducted during the last year of the implementation phase. The purpose was to measure the impact of IAIMS on the jobs of those in the library and related service units, and the computing, telecommunications, and health informatics divisions. The researchers used newly developed scales measuring levels of integration (knowledge of and involvement with other departments), customer orientation (focus on the user), and informatedness (changes in the nature of work beyond automation of former routines). Ninety-four percent of respondents indicated that their jobs had changed a great deal; the changes were similar regardless of division. To further investigate the impact of IAIMS on librarians in particular, a separate skills survey was conducted. The IAIMS librarians indicated that technology and training skills are especially needed in the new, integrated environment.
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Make it better but don't change anything
Wright, Jerry M
Automated Experimentation
With massive amounts of data being generated in electronic format, there is a need in basic science laboratories to adopt new methods for tracking and analyzing data. An electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) is not just a replacement for a paper lab notebook, it is a new method of storing and organizing data while maintaining the data entry flexibility and legal recording functions of paper notebooks. Paper notebooks are regarded as highly flexible since the user can configure it to store almost anything that can be written or physically pasted onto the pages. However, data retrieval and data sharing from paper notebooks are labor intensive processes and notebooks can be misplaced, a single point of failure that loses all entries in the volume. Additional features provided by electronic notebooks include searchable indices, data sharing, automatic archiving for security against loss and ease of data duplication. Furthermore, ELNs can be tasked with additional functions not commonly found in paper notebooks such as inventory control. While ELNs have been on the market for some time now, adoption of an ELN in academic basic science laboratories has been lagging. Issues that have restrained development and adoption of ELN in research laboratories are the sheer variety and frequency of changes in protocols with a need for the user to control notebook configuration outside the framework of professional IT staff support. In this commentary, we will look at some of the issues and experiences in academic laboratories that have proved challenging in implementing an electronic lab notebook.
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Indianapolis I3: the third generation Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems*
McGowan, Julie J.
Overhage, J. Marc
Barnes, Mike
McDonald, Clement J.
Journal of the Medical Library Association
In 2001, the Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) began an IAIMS planning effort to create a vision and a tactical plan for the first Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems (IAIMS) implementation to cross a large area and include unaffiliated institutions. A number of elements made this planning effort unique. Among these elements were the existence of a network infrastructure that supported the Indianapolis Network for Patient Care, the existence of a mature medical informatics program at the Regenstrief Institute, and the existence of a wide-area knowledge network fostered by the IUSM libraries. However, the leadership for a strong information technology role in the IUSM that could promote collaboration in support of education and research across the diverse Indianapolis hospital systems had been lacking. By bringing together various groups, each with a commitment to improve health care quality and public health across the Indianapolis metropolitan area, regardless of individual institutional affiliation, the strategic directions for I3–Indianapolis IAIMS Initiative have been defined and the foundations for a third generation IAIMS construct have been laid in Indianapolis, Indiana.
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The Evolution of the IAIMS
Stead, William W.
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
The Integrated Academic (Advanced) Information Management System (IAIMS) initiative emerged in the early 1980s to respond to trends in biomedical information, transfer and access, and to identify the implications for health sciences libraries. Three recurrent themes have emerged as being essential to the creation of IAIMSs : changing the paradigm ; redirecting expenditures to build reuseable infrastructure ; and working across cultural boundaries. An IAIMS penetrates an organization in four stages : from creating awareness ; through development of foundation infrastructure ; through integration as an extra effort ; to integration as a byproduct of organizational structure and information architecture. Extension of the IAIMS to support a regional area is a natural fifth stage that reapplies the processes of the first four stages and re-reuses the infrastructure that has been built within the cooperating organizations. Area IAIMSs have the potential to transform biomedicine by enabling new paradigms for manpower development and publication of information.
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LabTrove: A Lightweight, Web Based, Laboratory "Blog" as a Route towards a Marked Up Record of Work in a Bioscience Research Laboratory
Milsted, Andrew J.
Hale, Jennifer R.
Frey, Jeremy G.
Neylon, Cameron
PLoS ONE
The electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) has the potential to replace the paper notebook with a marked-up digital record that can be searched and shared. However, it is a challenge to achieve these benefits without losing the usability and flexibility of traditional paper notebooks. We investigate a blog-based platform that addresses the issues associated with the development of a flexible system for recording scientific research.
Methodology/Principal Findings
We chose a blog-based approach with the journal characteristics of traditional notebooks in mind, recognizing the potential for linking together procedures, materials, samples, observations, data, and analysis reports. We implemented the LabTrove blog system as a server process written in PHP, using a MySQL database to persist posts and other research objects. We incorporated a metadata framework that is both extensible and flexible while promoting consistency and structure where appropriate. Our experience thus far is that LabTrove is capable of providing a successful electronic laboratory recording system.
LabTrove implements a one-item one-post system, which enables us to uniquely identify each element of the research record, such as data, samples, and protocols. This unique association between a post and a research element affords advantages for monitoring the use of materials and samples and for inspecting research processes. The combination of the one-item one-post system, consistent metadata, and full-text search provides us with a much more effective record than a paper notebook. The LabTrove approach provides a route towards reconciling the tensions and challenges that lie ahead in working towards the long-term goals for ELNs. LabTrove, an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) system from the Smart Research Framework, based on a blog-type framework with full access control, facilitates the scientific experimental recording requirements for reproducibility, reuse, repurposing, and redeployment.
Related Articles
eCAT: Online electronic lab notebook for scientific research
Goddard, Nigel H
Macneil, Rory
Ritchie, Jonathan
Automated Experimentation
eCAT is an electronic lab notebook (ELN) developed by Axiope Limited. It is the first online ELN, the first ELN to be developed in close collaboration with lab scientists, and the first ELN to be targeted at researchers in non-commercial institutions. eCAT was developed in response to feedback from users of a predecessor product. By late 2006 the basic concept had been clarified: a highly scalable web-based collaboration tool that possessed the basic capabilities of commercial ELNs, i.e. a permissions system, controlled sharing, an audit trail, electronic signature and search, and a front end that looked like the electronic counterpart to a paper notebook.
During the development of the beta version feedback was incorporated from many groups including the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, Uppsala University, Children's Hospital Boston, Alex Swarbrick's lab at the Garvan Institute in Sydney and Martin Spitaler at Imperial College. More than 100 individuals and groups worldwide then participated in the beta testing between September 2008 and June 2009. The generally positive response is reflected in the following quote about how one lab is making use of eCAT: "Everyone uses it as an electronic notebook, so they can compile the diverse collections of data that we generate as biologists, such as images and spreadsheets. We use to it to take minutes of meetings. We also use it to manage our common stocks of antibodies, plasmids and so on. Finally, perhaps the most important feature for us is the ability to link records, reagents and experiments."
By developing eCAT in close collaboration with lab scientists, Axiope has come up with a practical and easy-to-use product that meets the need of scientists to manage, store and share data online. eCAT is already being perceived as a product that labs can continue to use as their data management and sharing grows in scale and complexity.
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A novel collaborative e-learning platform for medical students - ALERT STUDENT
Taveira-Gomes, Tiago
Saffarzadeh, Areo
Severo, Milton
Guimarães, M Jorge
Ferreira, Maria Amélia
BMC Medical Education
The increasing complexity of medical curricula would benefit from adaptive computer supported collaborative learning systems that support study management using instructional design and learning object principles. However, to our knowledge, there are scarce reports regarding applications developed to meet this goal and encompass the complete medical curriculum. The aim of ths study was to develop and assess the usability of an adaptive computer supported collaborative learning system for medical students to manage study sessions.
A study platform named ALERT STUDENT was built as a free web application. Content chunks are represented as Flashcards that hold knowledge and open ended questions. These can be created in a collaborative fashion. Multiple Flashcards can be combined into custom stacks called Notebooks that can be accessed in study Groups that belong to the user institution. The system provides a Study Mode that features text markers, text notes, timers and color-coded content prioritization based on self-assessment of open ended questions presented in a Quiz Mode. Time spent studying and Perception of knowledge are displayed for each student and peers using charts. Computer supported collaborative learning is achieved by allowing for simultaneous creation of Notebooks and self-assessment questions by many users in a pre-defined Group. Past personal performance data is retrieved when studying new Notebooks containing previously studied Flashcards. Self-report surveys showed that students highly agreed that the system was useful and were willing to use it as a reference tool.
The platform employs various instructional design and learning object principles in a computer supported collaborative learning platform for medical students that allows for study management. The application broadens student insight over learning results and supports informed decisions based on past learning performance. It serves as a potential educational model for the medical education setting that has gathered strong positive feedback from students at our school.
This platform provides a case study on how effective blending of instructional design and learning object principles can be brought together to manage study, and takes an important step towards bringing information management tools to support study decisions and improving learning outcomes.
Medical education; Computer supported collaborative learning; E-learning; Information management; Memory retention; Computer-assisted instruction; Tailored learning; Student-centered learning; Spaced repetition
Related Articles
University of Cincinnati Medical Center: integrating information.
Lorenzi, N M
Marks, E B
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
The University of Cincinnati Medical Center has combined five existing units into a new organization responsible for initiating an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS). This new organization, Medical Center Information and Communications, was reorganized into nine departments, which now provide a variety of information services. Ultimate goals for IAIMS include a patient-centered database, a decision-support system, and a knowledge network. The IAIMS prototype, currently under development for the University of Cincinnati Hospital's Internal Medicine Service, consists of components representative of the IAIMS model's ultimate goals. A major premise of this IAIMS effort is that it is patient-centered.
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Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems: a twenty-year history at the University of Cincinnati*
Guard, J. Roger
Brueggemann, Ralph F.
Fant, William K.
Hutton, John J.
Kues, John R.
Marine, Stephen A.
Rouan, Gregory W.
Schick, Leslie C.
Journal of the Medical Library Association
The University of Cincinnati (UC) has been active in the National Library of Medicine's Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems (IAIMS) program since IAIMS' inception in 1984. UC received IAIMS planning and modeling grants in the 1980s, spent the 1990s practicing its own form of "iaims" and refining its vision, and, in May 2003, received an IAIMS operations grant in the first round of awards under "the next generation" program. This paper discusses the history of IAIMS at UC and describes the goals, methods, and strategies of the current IAIMS program. The goals of UC's IAIMS program are to: improve teaching effectiveness by improving the assessment of health professional students and residents in laboratory and clinical teaching and learning environments; improve the ability of researchers, educators, and students to acquire and apply the knowledge required to be more productive in genomic research and education; and increase the productivity of researchers and administrators in the pre-award, post-award, and compliance phases of the research lifecycle.
Related Articles
A fast track to IAIMS: the Vanderbilt University strategy.
Stead, W. W.
Baker, W.
Harris, T. R.
Hodges, T. M.
Sittig, D. F.
Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer Application in Medical Care
In July 1991, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) initiated a fast track approach to the implementation of an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS). The fast track approach has four elements: 1) an integrated organizational structure combining various operational information management units and the academic informatics program into a single entity to enhance efficiency; 2) technology transfer and network access to remote resources in preference to de novo development; 3) parallel IAIMS planning and infrastructure construction; 4) restriction of the scope of the initial IAIMS to permit a manageable implementation project. The fast track approach is intended to provide a truly functional IAIMS within a time period (7 years) associated with other major construction projects such as the building of a replacement hospital.
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A Demonstration of the MAClinical Workstation
Corn, Milton
Broering, Naomi C.
Stair, Thomas
Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer Application in Medical Care
Medical Students at the Georgetown University School of Medicine on clinical rotations at the University Hospital now have access to Macintosh IIs and ImageWriter IIs on the wards. The MACs are connected to the medical center's local area network (LAN) with access to the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) and Library Information System (LIS) databases. The Intent of the Macintosh project is to provide students with workstations of the sort they will use in future medical practice and to instill information query habits in the daily clinical activities of physicians- in-training. Currently, there are eight MACs located in conference rooms around the hospital where students and residents hold teaching rounds and write admission notes. Faculty participating in the project have been loaned MACs.
The student workstations at the hospital are designed to serve multiple educational purposes in the clinical setting. Primarily, students gain experience in medical informatics. Secondarily, but equally essential, students can use H&P Writer, a HyperCard stack developed at Georgetown with MacWrite and MacDraw to prepare the admission record on the patients they examine. Graphics, sketches and illustrations are part of the system. The work- stations have access to IAIMS/LIS databases, such as minIMEDLINE, Alerts/Current Contents, Physicians Data Query (PDQ), a Drug/Poison Information System and RECONSIDER, a diagnostic prompting system.
Related Articles
Corporate Social Responsibility and Access to Policy Élites: An Analysis of Tobacco Industry Documents
Fooks, Gary J.
Gilmore, Anna B.
Smith, Katherine E.
Collin, Jeff
Holden, Chris
Lee, Kelley
PLoS Medicine
Gary Fooks and colleagues undertook a review of tobacco industry documents and show that policies on corporate social responsibility can enable access to and dialogue with policymakers at the highest level.
Recent attempts by large tobacco companies to represent themselves as socially responsible have been widely dismissed as image management. Existing research supports such claims by pointing to the failings and misleading nature of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. However, few studies have focused in depth on what tobacco companies hoped to achieve through CSR or reflected on the extent to which these ambitions have been realised.
Methods and Findings
Iterative searching relating to CSR strategies was undertaken of internal British American Tobacco (BAT) documents, released through litigation in the US. Relevant documents (764) were indexed and qualitatively analysed. In the past decade, BAT has actively developed a wide-ranging CSR programme. Company documents indicate that one of the key aims of this programme was to help the company secure access to policymakers and, thereby, increase the company's chances of influencing policy decisions. Taking the UK as a case study, this paper demonstrates the way in which CSR can be used to renew and maintain dialogue with policymakers, even in ostensibly unreceptive political contexts. In practice, the impact of this political use of CSR is likely to be context specific; depending on factors such as policy élites' understanding of the credibility of companies as a reliable source of information.
The findings suggest that tobacco company CSR strategies can enable access to and dialogue with policymakers and provide opportunities for issue definition. CSR should therefore be seen as a form of corporate political activity. This underlines the need for broad implementation of Article 5.3 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Measures are needed to ensure transparency of interactions between all parts of government and the tobacco industry and for policy makers to be made more aware of what companies hope to achieve through CSR.
Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Editors' Summary
In the past, companies and multinational corporations were judged on the profits they made. Nowadays, though, much is made of corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is the commitment by business to behave ethically and to contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce, their families, the local community, and society at large. Put simply, companies and corporations now endeavor to show that they have a positive impact on the environment, consumers, employees, and society in addition to making money for their shareholders. Large tobacco companies are no exception. British American Tobacco (BAT, the world's second largest publicly traded tobacco company), for example, began working on a wide-ranging CSR program more than a decade ago. Given that tobacco is responsible for an estimated 5.4 million deaths worldwide annually, this program was initially met with hostility and dismissed as an image management exercise. However, large parts of the investment and CSR communities now approve of BAT's CSR program, which has won numerous awards.
Why Was This Study Done?
But what do BAT and other tobacco companies actually hope to achieve through their CSR initiatives and how successful have they been in achieving these aims? Few studies have addressed these important questions. In particular, there has been little research into the extent to which tobacco companies use CSR initiatives as a form of corporate political activity that can help them gain "access" to policymakers and define the legitimate concerns and optimal alternatives of public policy ("issue definition"). Access is defined as taking place when policymakers consider the views of policy advocates such as tobacco company employees and is a crucial component of issue definition, which refers to the strategies adopted by bodies such as multinational corporations to influence the policy agenda by defining what issues public policy should concern itself with and how it should approach them. In this case study, the researchers explore whether BAT's CSR program works as a form of corporate political activity by systematically examining internal BAT documents made publicly available as a result of US litigation. Specifically, the researchers examine BAT's efforts through its CSR program to reestablish access with the UK Department of Health following the department's decision in the late 1990s to restrict contact with major tobacco companies.
What Did the Researchers Do and Find?
Using iterative searching, the researchers identified 764 documents in the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (a large collection of internal tobacco company documents released as a result of US litigation cases) that contain information relevant to BAT's CSR strategies. Their analysis of these documents indicates that one of the key aims of the CSR program actively developed over the past decade by BAT was to help secure access to policymakers and shows how BAT used CSR to renew and maintain dialogue with policymakers at a time when contact between government and tobacco companies was extremely restricted. The documents also show that BAT employees used CSR initiatives as a means of issue definition to both optimize the probability of subsequent discussions taking place and to frame their content. Finally, the documents illustrate how BAT used its CSR program to expand the number of access points across government, thereby providing BAT with more opportunities to meet and talk to officials.
What Do These Findings Mean?
These findings suggest that CSR is a form of corporate political activity that potentially has important implications for public health given the documented impact of the political activity of tobacco companies in delaying and blocking health-related tobacco control policies. In practice, the impact of the political use of CSR is likely to be context specific and will depend on factors such as whether senior policymakers regard companies as reliable sources of information. Importantly, these findings underline the need for broad implementation of Article 5.3 of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), an international treaty that calls for the introduction of multiple measures to reduce tobacco consumption, including tobacco advertizing bans and relevant taxation policies. Article 5.3 aims to protect public-health policies on tobacco control from tobacco industry influence. The findings of this study indicate that implementation of Article 5.3 will require measures that ensure transparency in interactions between all parts of government and the tobacco industry and will need an increased awareness across government of what tobacco companies hope to achieve through CSR.
Additional Information
Please access these Web sites via the online version of this summary at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001076.
The Corporate Responsibility (CORE) coalition, an alliance of voluntary organizations, trade unions, and companies, maintains a Web site that contains useful material on corporate social responsibility
The European Coalition for Corporate Justice (ECCJ) promotes corporate accountability by bringing together national platforms of civil society organizations (including NGOs, trade unions, consumer advocacy groups, and academic institutions) from all over Europe
The Legacy Tobacco Documents Library is a public, searchable database of tobacco company internal documents detailing their advertising, manufacturing, marketing, sales, and scientific activities
The World Health Organization provides information about the dangers of tobacco (in several languages), details of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (in several languages), and guidelines for the implementation of Article 5.3 of the FCTC
The Framework Convention Alliance provides more information about the FCTC
For information about tobacco industry influence on policy, see the 2009 World Health Organization report Tobacco interference with tobacco control
Related Articles
Beyond the library: IAIMS at Georgetown University.
Broering, N C
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
The strategic planning process and the pilot phase projects undertaken by Georgetown University for an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) are described. Emphasis is placed on core services such as a local area network, an academic information management center in the library, and expansion of health sciences databases for improved access to biomedical information. Special applications in education and clinical care are highlighted. The library, a key to IAIMS activities, has emerged in a leadership role at Georgetown.
Related Articles
Building a Virtual Network in a Community Health Research Training Program
Lau, Francis
Hayward, Robert
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
Objective: To describe the experiences, lessons, and implications of building a virtual network as part of a two-year community health research training program in a Canadian province.
Design: An action research field study in which 25 health professionals from 17 health regions participated in a seven-week training course on health policy, management, economics, research methods, data analysis, and computer technology. The participants then returned to their regions to apply the knowledge in different community health research projects. Ongoing faculty consultations and support were provided as needed. Each participant was given a notebook computer with the necessary software, Internet access, and technical support for two years, to access information resources, engage in group problem solving, share ideas and knowledge, and collaborate on projects.
Measurements: Data collected over two years consisted of program documents, records of interviews with participants and staff, meeting notes, computer usage statistics, automated online surveys, computer conference postings, program Web site, and course feedback. The analysis consisted of detailed review and comparison of the data from different sources. NUD*IST was then used to validate earlier study findings.
Results: The ten key lessons are that role clarity, technology vision, implementation staging, protected time, just-in-time training, ongoing facilitation, work integration, participatory design, relationship building, and the demonstration of results are essential ingredients for building a successful network.
Conclusion: This study provides a descriptive model of the processes involved in developing, in the community health setting, virtual networks that can be used as the basis for future research and as a practical guide for managers.
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The Impact of eHealth on the Quality and Safety of Health Care: A Systematic Overview
Black, Ashly D.
Car, Josip
Pagliari, Claudia
Anandan, Chantelle
Cresswell, Kathrin
Bokun, Tomislav
McKinstry, Brian
Procter, Rob
Majeed, Azeem
Sheikh, Aziz
PLoS Medicine
Aziz Sheikh and colleagues report the findings of their systematic overview that assessed the impact of eHealth solutions on the quality and safety of health care.
There is considerable international interest in exploiting the potential of digital solutions to enhance the quality and safety of health care. Implementations of transformative eHealth technologies are underway globally, often at very considerable cost. In order to assess the impact of eHealth solutions on the quality and safety of health care, and to inform policy decisions on eHealth deployments, we undertook a systematic review of systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness and consequences of various eHealth technologies on the quality and safety of care.
Methods and Findings
We developed novel search strategies, conceptual maps of health care quality, safety, and eHealth interventions, and then systematically identified, scrutinised, and synthesised the systematic review literature. Major biomedical databases were searched to identify systematic reviews published between 1997 and 2010. Related theoretical, methodological, and technical material was also reviewed. We identified 53 systematic reviews that focused on assessing the impact of eHealth interventions on the quality and/or safety of health care and 55 supplementary systematic reviews providing relevant supportive information. This systematic review literature was found to be generally of substandard quality with regards to methodology, reporting, and utility. We thematically categorised eHealth technologies into three main areas: (1) storing, managing, and transmission of data; (2) clinical decision support; and (3) facilitating care from a distance. We found that despite support from policymakers, there was relatively little empirical evidence to substantiate many of the claims made in relation to these technologies. Whether the success of those relatively few solutions identified to improve quality and safety would continue if these were deployed beyond the contexts in which they were originally developed, has yet to be established. Importantly, best practice guidelines in effective development and deployment strategies are lacking.
There is a large gap between the postulated and empirically demonstrated benefits of eHealth technologies. In addition, there is a lack of robust research on the risks of implementing these technologies and their cost-effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated, despite being frequently promoted by policymakers and "techno-enthusiasts" as if this was a given. In the light of the paucity of evidence in relation to improvements in patient outcomes, as well as the lack of evidence on their cost-effectiveness, it is vital that future eHealth technologies are evaluated against a comprehensive set of measures, ideally throughout all stages of the technology's life cycle. Such evaluation should be characterised by careful attention to socio-technical factors to maximise the likelihood of successful implementation and adoption.
Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Editors' Summary
There is considerable international interest in exploiting the potential of digital health care solutions, often referred to as eHealth—the use of information and communication technologies—to enhance the quality and safety of health care. Often accompanied by large costs, any large-scale expenditure on eHealth—such as electronic health records, picture archiving and communication systems, ePrescribing, associated computerized provider order entry systems, and computerized decision support systems—has tended to be justified on the grounds that these are efficient and cost-effective means for improving health care. In 2005, the World Health Assembly passed an eHealth resolution (WHA 58.28) that acknowledged, "eHealth is the cost-effective and secure use of information and communications technologies in support of health and health-related fields, including health-care services, health surveillance, health literature, and health education, knowledge and research," and urged member states to develop and implement eHealth technologies. Since then, implementing eHealth technologies has become a main priority for many countries. For example, England has invested at least £12.8 billion in a National Programme for Information Technology for the National Health Service, and the Obama administration in the United States has committed to a US$38 billion eHealth investment in health care.
Why Was This Study Done?
Despite the wide endorsement of and support for eHealth, the scientific basis of its benefits—which are repeatedly made and often uncritically accepted—remains to be firmly established. A robust evidence-based perspective on the advantages on eHealth could help to suggest priority areas that have the greatest potential for benefit to patients and also to inform international eHealth deliberations on costs. Therefore, in order to better inform the international community, the authors systematically reviewed the published systematic review literature on eHealth technologies and evaluated the impact of these technologies on the quality and safety of health care delivery.
What Did the Researchers Do and Find?
The researchers divided eHealth technologies into three main categories: (1) storing, managing, and transmission of data; (2) clinical decision support; and (3) facilitating care from a distance. Then, implementing methods based on those developed by the Cochrane Collaboration and the NHS Service Delivery and Organisation Programme, the researchers used detailed search strategies and maps of health care quality, safety, and eHealth interventions to identify relevant systematic reviews (and related theoretical, methodological, and technical material) published between 1997 and 2010. Using these techniques, the researchers retrieved a total of 46,349 references from which they identified 108 reviews. The 53 reviews that the researchers finally selected (and critically reviewed) provided the main evidence base for assessing the impact of eHealth technologies in the three categories selected.
In their systematic review of systematic reviews, the researchers included electronic health records and picture archiving communications systems in their evaluation of category 1, computerized provider (or physician) order entry and e-prescribing in category 2, and all clinical information systems that, when used in the context of eHealth technologies, integrate clinical and demographic patient information to support clinician decision making in category 3.
The researchers found that many of the clinical claims made about the most commonly used eHealth technologies were not substantiated by empirical evidence. The evidence base in support of eHealth technologies was weak and inconsistent and importantly, there was insubstantial evidence to support the cost-effectiveness of these technologies. For example, the researchers only found limited evidence that some of the many presumed benefits could be realized; importantly, they also found some evidence that introducing these new technologies may on occasions also generate new risks such as prescribers becoming over-reliant on clinical decision support for e-prescribing, or overestimate its functionality, resulting in decreased practitioner performance.
What Do These Findings Mean?
The researchers found that despite the wide support for eHealth technologies and the frequently made claims by policy makers when constructing business cases to raise funds for large-scale eHealth projects, there is as yet relatively little empirical evidence to substantiate many of the claims made about eHealth technologies. In addition, even for the eHealth technology tools that have proven to be successful, there is little evidence to show that such tools would continue to be successful beyond the contexts in which they were originally developed. Therefore, in light of the lack of evidence in relation to improvements in patient outcomes, as well as the lack of evidence on their cost-effectiveness, the authors say that future eHealth technologies should be evaluated against a comprehensive set of measures, ideally throughout all stages of the technology's life cycle, and include socio-technical factors to maximize the likelihood of successful implementation and adoption in a given context. Furthermore, it is equally important that eHealth projects that have already been commissioned are subject to rigorous, multidisciplinary, and independent evaluation.
Additional Information
Please access these websites via the online version of this summary at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000387.
The authors' broader study is: Car J, Black A, Anandan C, Cresswell K, Pagliari C, McKinstry B, et al. (2008) The Impact of eHealth on the Quality and Safety of Healthcare. Available at: http://www.haps.bham.ac.uk/publichealth/cfhep/001.shtml
More information is available on the World Health Assembly eHealth resolution
The World Health Organization provides information at the Global Observatory on eHealth, as well as a global insight into eHealth developments
The European Commission provides Information on eHealth in Europe and some examples of good eHealth practice
More information is provided on NHS Connecting for Health
Related Articles
"Working the System"—British American Tobacco's Influence on the European Union Treaty and Its Implications for Policy: An Analysis of Internal Tobacco Industry Documents
Smith, Katherine E.
Fooks, Gary
Collin, Jeff
Weishaar, Heide
Mandal, Sema
Gilmore, Anna B.
PLoS Medicine
Katherine Smith and colleagues investigate the ways in which British American Tobacco influenced the European Union Treaty so that new EU policies advance the interests of major corporations, including those that produce products damaging to health.
Impact assessment (IA) of all major European Union (EU) policies is now mandatory. The form of IA used has been criticised for favouring corporate interests by overemphasising economic impacts and failing to adequately assess health impacts. Our study sought to assess how, why, and in what ways corporations, and particularly the tobacco industry, influenced the EU's approach to IA.
Methods and Findings
In order to identify whether industry played a role in promoting this system of IA within the EU, we analysed internal documents from British American Tobacco (BAT) that were disclosed following a series of litigation cases in the United States. We combined this analysis with one of related literature and interviews with key informants. Our analysis demonstrates that from 1995 onwards BAT actively worked with other corporate actors to successfully promote a business-oriented form of IA that favoured large corporations. It appears that BAT favoured this form of IA because it could advance the company's European interests by establishing ground rules for policymaking that would: (i) provide an economic framework for evaluating all policy decisions, implicitly prioritising costs to businesses; (ii) secure early corporate involvement in policy discussions; (iii) bestow the corporate sector with a long-term advantage over other actors by increasing policymakers' dependence on information they supplied; and (iv) provide businesses with a persuasive means of challenging potential and existing legislation. The data reveal that an ensuing lobbying campaign, largely driven by BAT, helped secure binding changes to the EU Treaty via the Treaty of Amsterdam that required EU policymakers to minimise legislative burdens on businesses. Efforts subsequently focused on ensuring that these Treaty changes were translated into the application of a business orientated form of IA (cost–benefit analysis [CBA]) within EU policymaking procedures. Both the tobacco and chemical industries have since employed IA in apparent attempts to undermine key aspects of European policies designed to protect public health.
Our findings suggest that BAT and its corporate allies have fundamentally altered the way in which all EU policy is made by making a business-oriented form of IA mandatory. This increases the likelihood that the EU will produce policies that advance the interests of major corporations, including those that produce products damaging to health, rather than in the interests of its citizens. Given that the public health community, focusing on health IA, has largely welcomed the increasing policy interest in IA, this suggests that urgent consideration is required of the ways in which IA can be employed to undermine, as well as support, effective public health policies.
Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Editors' Summary
The primary goal of public health, the branch of medicine concerned with the health of communities, is to improve lives by preventing disease. Public-health groups do this by assessing and monitoring the health of communities, by ensuring that populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective health care, and by helping to formulate public policies that safeguard human health. Until recently, most of the world's major public-health concerns related to infectious diseases. Nowadays, however, many major public-health concerns are linked to the goods made and marketed by large corporations such as fast food, alcohol, tobacco, and chemicals. In Europe, these corporations are regulated by policies drawn up both by member states and by the European Commission, the executive organ of the European Union (EU; an economic and political partnership among 27 democratic European countries). Thus, for example, the tobacco industry, which is widely recognized as a driver of the smoking epidemic, is regulated by Europe-wide tobacco control policies and member state level policies.
Why Was This Study Done?
Since 1997, the European Commission has been required by law to assess the economic, social (including health), and environmental consequences of new policy initiatives using a process called an "impact assessment" (IA). Because different types of IA examine the likely effects of policies on different aspects of daily life—a health impact assessment, for example, focuses on a policy's effect on health—the choice of IA can lead to different decisions being taken about new policies. Although the IA tool adopted by the European Commission aims to assess economic, environmental and social impacts, independent experts suggest this tool does not adequately assess health impacts. Instead, economic impacts receive the most attention, a situation that may favour the interests of large businesses. In this study, the researchers seek to identify how and why the EU's approach to IA developed. More specifically, the researchers analyze internal documents from British American Tobacco (BAT), which have been disclosed because of US litigation cases, to find out whether industry has played a role in promoting the EU's system of IA.
What Did the Researchers Do and Find?
The researchers analyzed 714 BAT internal documents (identified by searching the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, which contains more than 10 million internal tobacco company documents) that concerned attempts made by BAT to influence regulatory reforms in Europe. They also analyzed related literature from other sources (for example, academic publications) and interviewed 16 relevant people (including people who had worked at the European Commission). This analysis shows that from 1995, BAT worked with other businesses to promote European regulatory reforms (in particular, the establishment of a business-orientated form of IA) that favor large corporations. A lobbying campaign, initiated by BAT but involving a "policy network" of other companies, first helped to secure binding changes to the EU Treaty that require policymakers to minimize legislative burdens on businesses. The analysis shows that after achieving this goal, which BAT described as an "important victory," further lobbying ensured that these treaty changes were translated into the implementation of a business-orientated form of IA within the EU. Both the tobacco industry and the chemical industry, the researchers argue, have since used the IA to delay and/or weaken EU legislation intended to protect public health.
What Do These Findings Mean?
These findings suggest that BAT and its corporate allies have fundamentally altered the way in which EU policy is made by ensuring that all significant EU policy decisions have to be assessed using a business-orientated IA. As the authors note, this situation increases the likelihood that the EU will produce policies that favor big business rather than the health of its citizens. Furthermore, these findings suggest that by establishing a network of other industries to help in lobbying for EU Treaty changes, BAT was able to distance itself from the push to establish a business-orientated IA to the extent that Commission officials were unaware of the involvement of the tobacco industry in campaigns for IA. Thus, in future, to safeguard public health, policymakers and public-health groups must pay more attention to corporate efforts to shape decision-making processes. In addition, public-health groups must take account of the ways in which IA can be used to undermine as well as support effective public-health policies and they must collaborate more closely in their efforts to ensure effective national and international policy.
Additional Information
Please access these Web sites via the online version of this summary at http://dx.doi.org/0.1371/journal.pmed.1000202.
Wikipedia has a page on public health (note that Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit; available in several languages)
More information on the European Union (in several languages), on public health in the European Union, and on impact assessment by the European Commission is available
The Legacy Tobacco Documents Library is a public, searchable database of tobacco company internal documents detailing their advertising, manufacturing, marketing, sales, and scientific activities
The World Health Organization provides information about the dangers of tobacco (in several languages)
The Smoke Free Partnership contains more information about smoking prevalence in Europe and about European policies to tackle the public health issues associated with tobacco use
For more information about tobacco industry influence on policy see the 2009 World Health Organization report on tobacco industry interference with tobacco control
Related Articles
A planning process for a fast track to IAIMS.
Olsen, A. J.
Baker, W. L.
Sittig, D. F.
Stead, W. W.
Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer Application in Medical Care
The strategic planning process that is part of Vanderbilt University's fast track to IAIMS is evolving based on feedback from the process itself. Led by a committee of VUMC's top management, broad-based sub-committees for administration, education, patient care, and research worked initially on the following strategic issues: identifying key external pressures that constrain and provide opportunities, visioning how VUMC might operate in the future, and establishing a mission and high-level goals for information management. Next steps include identifying the critical mass of function that will prompt daily use of the IAIMS by everyone at VUMC and adding groups to focus on information and technology architectures and developing academic informatics. This manuscript gives detailed, practical information about the evolution of the planning process, committees' responsibilities, working relationships, and lessons learned.
Related Articles
Adapting IAIMS to a hospital library level.
Klein, M S
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
The Children's Hospital of Michigan Medical Library has adapted several of the Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) concepts and implemented them at a hospital library level. These have included features of network development, electronic interfacing and interlinking, and implementing an integrated information system in the library. The library has incorporated several information systems into library operations, including a variety of in-house, local, and national automated systems and telecommunication networks. Hospital libraries can incorporate IAIMS features and promote an institutional framework of interconnecting communication systems and electronic linkages.
Related Articles
ACOGQUEST: the model phase of the IAIMS project of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
DeGeorges, K M
Van Hine, P
Pearse, W H
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
In 1990, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) became the first national organization to receive a model phase Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) grant from the National Library of Medicine. The goal of the ACOG model phase project is to develop and test a prototype for an integrated system that will meet the needs of ACOG and NAACOG members in patient care, research, education, and administrative information. The model phase goal will be accomplished primarily through ACOGQUEST, an integrated approach to providing accurate, current, quality-filtered information to ACOG and NAACOG members in a variety of formats. Another method of information dissemination now being tested is a heuristic-based patient management database, which will include a concise, interactive display of ACOG-reviewed information that can be incorporated into patient records.
Related Articles
IAIMS and the library at the University of Utah.
Peay, W J
Butter, K A
Dougherty, N A
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
The formal creation of an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) at the University of Utah began in the fall of 1983. The keystone of the IAIMS effort is the HELP hospital information system. IAIMS at the University of Utah is a broad-based program extending across the Health Sciences Center and beyond to health professionals throughout the inter-mountain area. This paper describes the background that led to IAIMS, the IAIMS planning process, and the library's participation in this effort.
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