text:
DIRECTED BY: Billy Wilder
STARRING: Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, Fred MacMurray
Post-film Q&A with Norwalk Community College Professor Gary Carlson Widely regarded as a comedy in 1960, The Apartment seems more melancholy with each passing year. Jack Lemmon plays C.C. Baxter, a go-getting office worker who loans his tiny apartment to his philandering superiors for their romantic trysts. He runs into trouble when he finds himself sharing a girlfriend (Shirley MacLaine) with his callous boss (Fred MacMurray). Director/co-writer Billy Wilder claimed that the idea for The Apartment stemmed from a short scene in the 1945 romantic drama Brief Encounter in which the illicit lovers (Trevor Howard and Celia Johnson) arrange a rendezvous in a third person's apartment. Wilder was intrigued about what sort of person would willingly vacate his residence to allow virtual strangers a playing field for hanky panky. His answer to that question wound up winning 6 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi
GARY CARLSON has taught at Norwalk Community College since 1997. In the fall of 2000, he originated the annual CT Writers' Conference at NCC, organizing and hosting the event for its first two years. He has also proposed, developed, and taught most of the creative writing courses offered at NCC, as well as courses such as "The Short Story," "Beat Literature," "The American Western," "A History of Horror," "Rock'n'Roll: The Post-WWII Generation," and most recently, "Elvis Presley and the American Dream." He was faculty advisor to NCC's Literature Club for over 12 years, organizing and hosting more than 80 student trips to see great plays and hear famous writers read from their works. Carlson's writing has appeared in various literary journals, newspapers, and magazines, including The Connecticut Review, The Apalachee Quarterly, The Vermont Literary Review, DISCoveries, The Hartford Courant, The New Haven Register, and The Fairfield Weekly. A lifelong film buff, Carlson has written film criticism for several area papers, including The Fairfield Weekly, The City News, and The West Haven Voice. Carlson also frequently teaches a course entitled "Film & Literature" at NCC (ENG 271). He is the original organizer and ongoing host of NCC's successful film series, the Movies-of-the-Month (currently entering its 7th year). He also created and hosted several "retro" radio shows over the years, most notably "Bop Street" on WSHU and "Rock Therapy" on WYBC.
LANGUAGE: English
RUNNING TIME: 125 minutes
• Carte Blanche: FREE
• Members: $6
• Students & Seniors (Monday-Thursday only): $8
• Non-Members: $11
• Carte Blanche: FREE
• Members: $6
• Students & Seniors (Monday-Thursday only): $8
• Non-Members: $11


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|Version 33 (modified by dreixel, 5 years ago) (diff)
The new Generic Deriving mechanism (ongoing work)
GHC includes a new (in 2010) mechanism to let you write generic functions. It is described in A generic deriving mechanism for Haskell, by Magalhães, Dijkstra, Jeuring and Löh. This page sketches the specifics of the implementation; we assume you have read the paper.
This mechanism replaces the previous generic classes implementation. The code is in the ghc-generics branch of the ghc, base, ghc-prim, and testsuite repos.
Changes from the paper
In the paper we describe the implementation in UHC. The implementation in GHC is slightly different:
- We are using type families, so the Representable0 and Representable1 type classes have only one type argument. So, in GHC the classes look like what we describe in "Avoiding extensions" part of Section 2.3 of the paper. This change affects only a generic function writer, and not a generic function user.
- Default definitions (Section 3.3) work differently. In GHC we don't use a DERIVABLE pragma; instead, a type class can declare a generic default method, which is akin to a standard default method, but includes a generic type signature. For example, the Encode class of Section 3.1 is now:
class Encode a where encode :: a -> [Bit] default encode :: (Representable0 a, Encode1 (Rep a)) => a -> [Bit] encode = encode1 . from0This removes the need for a separate default definition and a pragma.
- To derive generic functionality to a user type, the user no longer uses deriving instance (Section 4.6.1). Instead, the user gives an instance without defining the method; GHC then uses the generic default. For instance:
instance Encode [a] -- works if there is an instance Representable0 [a]
Main components
- TcDeriv.tcDeriving generates an InstInfo for each data type that fulfills the isRep0 predicate. This InstInfo is the Generic instance for that type, allowing it to be handled generically (by kind-* generic functions).
- The representation types and core functionality of the library live on GHC.Generics (on the ghc-prim package).
- Many names have been added as known in prelude/PrelNames
- Most of the code generation is handled by types/Generics
What already works
- Generic instances can be derived when -XDeriveGeneric is enabled.
- The default keyword can used for generic default method signatures when -XDefaultSignatures is enabled.
- Generic defaults are properly instantiated when giving an instance without defining the generic default method.
- Base types like [], Maybe, tuples, come with Generic instances.
To do
- Generate Generic1 instances
- Print also the Rep type instance when -ddump-deriving is on
- Give better error messages when we cannot derive Generic (currently we say only Cannot derive Generic)
- Register the DeriveGeneric and DefaultSignatures extensions with Cabal.
- Do we want Show, etc. instances for types like U1, :+:, ...?
- Tests are available under the generics directory of the testsuite.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Saint Louis directory for the years 1854-5 :
Board of Managers.
1. Finance Committee.
W. E.Sell, , Chairman , cor.corner 2d and Green sts.
A. H.Forman, , No. 120n.north Mainst.street.
J. T.Chappell, , Locust between Main and Levee.
J. R.Scott, , at "Webater, Marsh & Co." Main,n.north Locust.
P. P.Ellis, , corner 2d and Chesnut sts.
W. H.Pittman, , 97 north Mainst.street.
2. Committee on Lectures.
C. C.Sailor, , Chairman , Wyman's Hall.
E. M.Avery, , Wyman's Hall.
J.Stureess, , No. 297 Broadway.
H. N.Kendall, , cornar 6th and Pine sts.
Irwin, Z. Smith, No. 38 Main street.
Wm. A.Sears, , No. 55 Chesnut street.
3. Committee on Publication.
S. B.Johnson, , Chairman , No. 20 Olivest.street.
J. B.Turner, , No. 94 Washington Avenue.
J. B.Logan, , 3d between Pine and Chesnut sts., "Cum-
berland Presbyterian Office.
berland Presbyterian Office.
R. N.Nisbet, , "Lucas & Simond's," cor.corner Main and
G. W.Tracy, , Pittman & Tennent , Main, between Lo-
cusl and Vine sts.
cusl and Vine sts.
J.Holtzinger, , No. 208 north Mainst.street.
4. Committee on Library and Rooms.
E. A.Corbitt, , Chairman , at Hayden & Wilton's , Main,
between Market and Cbesnut sts.
between Market and Cbesnut sts.
Isaac S.Smyth, , Com'l Alley, between Pine and Ches-
nut sts.
nut sts.
B. P.Hawley, , Scott, Naylor & Co. , Levee, between Mar-
Ket and Walnut sts.
Ket and Walnut sts.
J. N.Alvord, , sw. cor. 8th Locust sts.
Geo. H.Hume, , No. 11 Locustst.street.
Geo. J.Gill, , Gill & Bro. , on Mainst.street.


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Gracelynn's Difficult Journey
Wednesday, November 28, 2012 4:58 PM
Inappropriate photo? Alert us.
Randy Smith, Gracelynn Smith, 5, and Deedee Smith during an interview in their home Monday, November 19, 2012 in Athens, Ala. (Eric Schultz / firstname.lastname@example.com)
Related articles
- Girl disabled, later dies, after tonsillectomy at Huntsville Hospital December 03, 2012, 1:03 PM


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Marcus Mabry: The Gift Of Being A Gay Dad
When I turned 40 I decided it was time. By then surrogacy was so en vogue among those who could afford it—gay and straight alike—that I knew that was the route I wanted to take. My partner wanted to have children, too, but he was younger than I was and he had not decided at that point, as I had, that he would have children, no matter what.
We also differed over the primacy of having a family. As he put it, he did not feel that his life would be incomplete without children. I did. What would a well-off gay couple have to show at the end of a life spent together: photos of the various exotic trips they had taken? This is us at the pyramids. This is us at Angkor Wat. This is us in Patagonia. This is us in Paris.
A series of travelogues as proof of a life well-lived.
Of course, career, philanthropy, extended family, working to improve the world can all be immensely gratifying pursuits, but—for me—I believed that building a family and leaving children as a legacy would be my best-lived life. And even though he didn't think it a necessity, my partner was thrilled, if filled with trepidation, about trying surrogacy.
After our first gestational surrogate miscarried in the first trimester, we went on to have an ideal surrogacy experience. Our surrogate became our friend and finally family. She had a nearly flawless pregnancy. And our boys are the best part of our lives. They are our little miracles.
Every time I look at them I understand that far from being cursed, being a little gay boy was a blessing. It taught me compassion. It taught me how to rise above fear and self-hatred. It made me stronger.
Today, I feel well and truly blessed.
My partner and I have all those travelogue snap shots from before we had kids. We'll be revisiting all those places and taking new pictures again, with our sons."
—New York Times editor Marcus Mabry, discussing becoming a father after years of thinking it was a gift denied to him, on the Times' parenting blog, Motherlode.
Dear Mr. Mabry, You sound as though you are an excellent role model and father. Thank you for sharing your story and speaking out about some of the good experiences rearing children can bring. I hope your family lives long, healthy, happy, fulfilled lives.Jun 17, 2012 at 3:23 pm · @Reply ·
This was a terrfic love letter to the true purpose of fatherhood. HAPPY FATHERS DAY QUEERTY FAMILY!!
What a splendid excerpt. So happy that you and your partner are getting to experience the joys of parenthood!
This is nice but what about all of the LGBT people who don't have kids, or who don't want them?
@Matt: You get the other 363 days in the year that aren't Mother's Day or Father's Day. Mr. Mabry acknowledges that his partner was not certain that he wanted children, so Mr. Mabry clearly doesn't have a thing against opposing viewpoints. He was speaking to his own experience, just like you can speak to your own experience.
@Matt: Good for you but we're enjoying this guys story……
As an adoptive parent .. Thank you for being first open to a home for children and then being open to allowing the world to really see you. Thank you. You all are nothing less than beautiful.
I posted it to my LGBT Group on LinkedIn to spur members to read your article and to make comment. I also scooped it at Scoop.It on my LGBT Times news mashup.
Link to group >> http://www.linkedin.com/groups/LGBT-Gay-GLBT-Professional-Network-63687/about
All LGBT+ and community allies…. please come join me and 14,000 of your soon to be great friends on LinkedIn. The member base represents 80% of the world's countries.
It is strictly professional office friendly dialog, posting and profiles / profile images. I've been told by many that it may well be one of the best run / managed groups on LinkedIn. It even has several LinkedIn top executives as members.
You can be as out or private as you like and I provide instructions on how to set those preferences (In the Manager's Choice area).
EVERY new member is placed automatically and systematically on a temporary 100% moderation to ensure that Right Wingers don't join and immediately spew forth their garbage. I have the ability to place individuals on 100% moderation at any time and can remove and ban people from the group as necessary. If removed for hate speech I report them to LinkedIn.
It's core value is – Visibility can lead to awareness which can lead to equality. Come stand with us and increase our visibility on the globe's largest professional networking site. Be a professional who just happens to be LGBT – or a welcomed community ally.
Editor at large at the International Herald Tribune. Why fudge his title?


text:
Business development and networking event for London & the South East
Learning a Living Local warmly invites you to attend an informal networking event for Occupational Psychologist practitioners. Speakers representing the client-side will provide insights into what makes for a successful working relationship between consultant and buyer. You will also meet associates and make new contacts amongst colleagues and peers. This is a valuable opportunity to help you understand client needs and priorities and enable you to develop your business. The evening will be hosted by Professor Rob Briner and will include a wine reception.
The event will take place from 6.30pm to 9.00pm
Rob Briner is Professor of Organizational Psychology at the University of Bath and is a regular contributor to practitioner conferences and events. He also consults to public and private sector organizations on a range of topics using an evidence-based approach. He is currently Visiting Professor of Organizational Psychology at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London and is an Associate of the Advanced Institute of Management.
- Sue Littleson: Head of People and Organisation Development, London Borough of Ealing
- Vanessa Conway: Senior Development Specialist, JPMorgan
- Barrie Sharp: Owner, Pollard and Ambler Ltd, Training and Business consultancy
- Julia E. Knight: Work & Organisational Psychologist
Registration on the door will be £20 for all (subject to availability of places).
Please arrive from 6pm to register for a 6:30 start.
Payment on the door is by cash or cheque made payable to 'The British Psychological Society'.


text:
First, here's where to find maple syrup online if you're unable to find it locally…
Do you use real maple syrup or do you use the kind with high fructose corn syrup, artificial flavors and preservatives? You may not have realized that typical grocery store syrup is full of all that junk. However, real maple syrup is a natural sweetener that actually still has some nutrients in it. As is the case with any sweetener, you shouldn't overdo it, but if you're going to have something sweet, using maple syrup is a great natural choice.
Different grades of maple syrup?
As far as I know, there are two grades of maple syrup: grade A & grade B. Grade B is much stronger (and usually a bit more expensive), and personally, I prefer it to grade A. However, grade A is good to start with if your kids aren't used to maple syrup, because it's very mild and closer in taste to the icky store-bought versions.
By the way, I had to play games when switching our syrup over to healthier versions, the same way I did with peanut butter: keep your store-bought container and put your syrup in that for a few months…this technique works very well!
All maple syrup keeps the best in the refrigerator.
Ways to use REAL Maple Syrup:
Here are a few of my favorite ways to use real maple syrup, besides the obvious, which reminds me, here's my recipe for healthy waffles/pancakes. I use maple syrup in certain recipes to replace the sugar:
- It's great in the bottom of a pan with butter and cinnamon when making homemade cinnamon rolls.
- I love it in the fall stirred in with butternut squash along with lots of butter, sea salt & pepper.
- It's divine in the homemade applesauce recipe in the Nourishing Traditions cookbook! (Tastes like the best apple pie you've ever had! I feel so rich when we still have some jars of this in the freezer.)
- I've also put it on top of yogurt or I used it in my baked soaked oatmeal recipe or in this superfood stovetop oatmeal.
- Oooh, when looking for a picture to use on this post, I saw a picture of "maple banana bread" – doesn't that sound yummy?! It would be easy to just replace the sugar in a banana bread recipe with Maple Syrup!
- UPDATE: here's one more – it's a great sweetener for homemade ice cream!
- I also love using it in my smoothies.
If you can't find it locally, you can get maple syrup here.
What are your favorite ways to use maple syrup instead of sugar in recipes? Comment below and share it with us!
More details here on maple syrup. And one more info page from Wikipedia.
- Need some healthy breakfast ideas? (Also in this post is a link to info on whether or not we should be eating boxed breakfast cereals.)
- Wonder about Agave Nectar and other sweeteners? The comments at this post are still goin'…
- More Rookie Tips


text:
recent user reviews
The opinions below are the latest reviews posted by zexzoo visitors. They do not necessarily reflect our opinion and are based solely upon the experience of individual users.
- 10/10Music and/or DJ
- 8/10Room To Move
- 10/10Good Looking Crowd
- 10/10Parking
- 9/10Polite Staff
- 8/10Crowded Dance Floor
- 9/10Ambience
- 10/10Prices
- 9/10Line Wait
- 9/10Cover Charge
- Would you go again? absolutely
This place is pretty insane. Being one of the newest clubs in town this year, it has definitely caught the attention of Vegas club goers! With Cirq performance, hot girls working there, and awesome DJs, it is hard not to have a good time here. I def will do bottle service here because even though it is a large club, it gets PACKED!


text:
In Monday's perhaps decisive presidential debate on foreign policy, its participants mentioned the 50th anniversary of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Had Richard M. Nixon been elected in 1960 instead of John F. Kennedy the world almost certainly could have come to an end two years later. Nixon was an insecure, neurotic man who would have sided immediately with the Joint Chiefs of Staff who – to a man – wanted to bomb Cuba the sooner the better. The Russian reaction against American bombers would have triggered a nuclear catastrophe. Kennedy was the stronger man. He withstood the pressure of the less visionary around him, and he risked the judgment of an American people freaked out over communists lurking in every closet.
It does matter who gets elected, and in recent years across this country at many levels of government the wrong men and women have been elected for as equally a potentially conclusive moment in American history – when the very concept of community is at stake. And the problem might be compounded in less than two weeks when the country votes for President. Regular readers of this blog know that its central tenet is the impact and potential of the country's new demography. And the new demography is on par with any experience the country has faced. It is not as compelling as missiles off the coast of Florida. Rather, it is a slow-motion event not given to searing images or dramatic news footage, and it is happening against a backdrop of publicly-elected individuals who are fearful of the demographic change the country is undergoing and who certainly are no longer willing – as generations past did – to help pay for the success of the community of the future.
Across the landscape, the new demography is putting pressure on national unity, or, community – a concept paid great lip service by all but being made less real by the political partisanship that has seized the country. The debate about the nation's fiscal debt – how to reduce it but still meet shared responsibilities to the aged and those less fortunate – is actually about community. It also could be the beginning of an end game that is terrible to contemplate. The opposite of community, after all, is dangerous disunion.
And so a critical story unfolding in Texas could presage the future. Simply put, how public schools are financed – the most elemental component of whether states and, ultimately, the country succeed – is horribly and portentously out of sync.
In 1993, the Texas Supreme Court ruled that to provide an adequate education as constitutionally required, state and local authorities needed to spend $3,500 per student, a figure that adjusted for inflation now is $6,576. The larger figure seems paltry still, but, of the state's 1,024 school districts only 233 can raise the minimum required if they taxed homes and property at the maximum allowed of $1.17 per $100 of assessed property. Only eight years ago, when property-poor school districts challenged the system again, half of all enrolled students were from low-income households. Today, that figure has risen to 61 percent, and two-thirds of those are from HispanicLatino households. The upshot is a state headed in the wrong, abject direction led by a Legislature that actually cut $5 billion from education when last in session.
So a broad coalition of school districts organized by individuals, including one of its lead lawyers, David Hinojosa of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, has taken up again the fight to right a system that is bound to produce the wrong result if not changed – and changed quickly. This struggle, of course, began many years before the first lawsuit was filed against the state in 1984. But even as late as 38 years ago, had the right people in the right place done the right thing, the future of the nation's second-largest state and the country itself might look and feel different. The testimony in front of State District Judge John Dietz had about it an eerie sense of a community losing control of its future.
The history of America is of a people growing the pie bigger and deeper but with generous slices reserved for the non-minority part of the community. Now, the last 12 years of anemic economic growth rates suggest the pie is not expanding for a number of mostly arcane structural reasons that most legislators do not understand and who therefore sign on to inane no-new-taxes pledges setting up the country for long-term failure.
Texas and the country do not have much of a window left. The 2000 election was symbolically the most important of all, transitioning the country into a new millennium. No one expected the disasters that flowed from the election of a man as President wholly unsuited for the office. Since then, each succeeding election has brought forth to government at the state level across the nation more men and women who increasingly narrow and limit the definition of community, and who halt progress in the process.
Without men and women of courage in courthouses and statehouses and in the White House standing in the way of the forces eroding our common future, our world is in as much danger now as it was 50 years ago.
Jesse Treviño is formerly the editorial page editor of The Austin American-Statesman.


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Collins was perhaps even more valuable on the defensive end, manning the bottom of West Virginia's 1-3-1 zone against big bodies such as Craig Smith and Nate Doornekamp. The 5-10 junior took several charges, battled in the post and came up with three steals to help the Mountaineers forge a 29-29 first half tie.
Collins also displayed his toughness after getting hit with a blindside screen from Doornekamp in the open floor. The shot, which caught him in the ribs and shoulder, knocked him to the floor for a few sconds, but he was able to get up and go the bench under his own power.
Collins continues to fight through knee, ankle and foot problems to be one of WVU's most valuable defenders as well as the sparkplug for the halfcourt offense.


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I checked in with Columbus GM Doug MacLean during Wednesday's game. Here's an update on a variety of topics:
- He hasn't had a chance to start closely examining the Crunch's proposal for an affilation extension, but he expects to do so soon. He was pretty non-committal, but nothing he said indicated the Blue Jackets are looking for a change.
- Columbus has eight healthy defensemen and 11 healthy forwards. That means the team doesn't need anyone on the blueline, but it might recall one or two forwards when the NHL starts next week.
- He doesn't know if goalie Pascal Leclaire will come down for the playoffs. But he did indicate he wants Leclaire to get as much playing time as possible, especially action under pressure.
- The Crunch could soon have the pleasant problem of three good, healthy goalies when Martin Prusek returns. I asked him if Prusek's salary in the $600,000 range would mean he's a lock to play down the stretch. MacLean said no, that using the goalie who gives Syracuse the best chance to win is the priority. Player development at that position will also be a factor in that decision, he said.
On another note, Mark Hartigan set a franchise record by scoring a goal in his eighth straight game on Wednesday. That's impressive, of course, but six shy of the AHL record.
Some guy you may have heard of, Brett Hull, scored in 14 straight for Moncton in 1987.
Lindsay Kramer


text: Universal Car Mount for Smartphones Flag this deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Edit deal rd995 Jan 05, 2013 this is good when using your phone as a gps nice deal thanks Reply branie Jan 05, 2013 My sister just bought one for her hubby and did not pay this,lol :) Nice deal. Reply boricua1 Jan 05, 2013 I like this..gonna be getting the new Iphone next month so this should work great Reply Load More Comments


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Mining Publication: Self-Contained Self-Rescuer Long Term Field Evaluation Tenth Phase Results
Original creation date: June 2008
This report presents findings regarding laboratory-tested SCSRs in the tenth phase of testing, from July 2004 to March 2006. The SCSRs were tested on a breathing and metabolic simulator and on a human subject walking on a treadmill. The tests performed in this study are not the tests used for certification (Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 84). The tests performed in this study continue until the apparatus are empty to enable comparison of new versus deployed apparatus. The method for obtaining deployed SCSRs for this evaluation was not a random selection from the deployed population of SCSRs. We sought older apparatus with visible environmental impact rather than newer apparatus, and we attempted to sample a wide range of deployment modes. Although the results of these tests are useful for observing performance of the tested SCSRs, they are not representative of all deployed SCSRs. This report is the last of 10 report phases begun in 1982. Previous reports describe phases 1 through 9 [Kyriazi et al. 1986; Kyriazi and Shubilla 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006] A new evaluation protocol, with revised sampling strategies, test methods, and reporting procedures, is currently being designed to enhance the applicability of the results.
Authors: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Report of Investigations - June 2008
Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2008-138, Report of Investigations 9675, 2008 Jun; :1-27
See Also
- Designing a Pilot Program for Strategic Mine Safety and Health Improvements through the Use of Surveillance Data to Guide Targeted Inspection Activities
- Feasibility of Using Laser-Based Vibration Measurements to Detect Roof Fall Hazards in Underground Mines
- I Can't Get Enough Air! Proper Self-contained Self-rescuer Usage
- Man Mountain's Refuge: Refuge Chamber Training Instructor's Guide and Trainee's Problem Book
- Self-Contained Self-Rescuer Field Evaluation: Fifth-Phase Results
- Self-Contained Self-Rescuer Field Evaluation: First-Year Results of 5-Year Study
- Self-Contained Self-Rescuer Field Evaluation: Fourth-Phase Results
- Self-Contained Self-Rescuer Field Evaluation: Results From 1982-90
- Self-Contained Self-Rescuer Field Evaluation: Seventh-Phase Results
- Self-Contained Self-Rescuer Field Evaluation: Sixth-Phase Results
- Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mining Program


text:
462 Church Street, 4440 Insurance Business TaxFinancial AdviceFinancial Coach
- Evaluations of Jarrett & Associates Ltd:
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The Tivoli Cinema is an independent Cinema established in the quiet town of Cambridge in 2014 by Shane Jarrett and Karen Focas. Featuring a mix of films from around ... more
On this page. Head office contacts Branch locations and contacts Modern Apprenticeship Coordinator contact details. Head Office Contacts. Send a message to the ... more
This course trains the participants in using the Structured Query Language (SQL) to retrieve data from a relational database and to make changes to that same data. more
Assistant Manager. Pip Jarrett . 20 years experience in the industry; Passionate about growing Orchids ; If we don't have a product or plant in stock we will do ... more


text:
3 posts tagged with NewYork by 2bucksplus.
Displaying 1 through 3 of 3.
Chapter 1. He adored tennis. He idolized it all out of proportion
The Awl sends correspondent Ben Worcester to the newest tennis hotspot in Manhattan: The Vanderbilt Tennis Club in Grand Central. [more inside]
"There is nothing to be proud of in being a dysfunctional homosexual."
Carl Paladino, Republican candidate for New York Governor addressed a group of Orthodox Jewish leaders in Brooklyn yesterday. Reading from a prepared statement:
"I didn't march in the gay parade this year — the gay pride parade this year. My opponent did, and that's not the example we should be showing our children. And certainly not in our schools. Don't misquote me as wanting to hurt homosexual people in any way. That would be a dastardly lie. My approach is live and let live. I just think my children and your children would be much better off and much more successful getting married and raising a family, and I don't want them brainwashed into thinking that homosexuality is an equally valid and successful option — it isn't."The remarks were caught on video. [more inside]
The eeriest places in New York City
Over the decades nature has reclaimed southern Edgemere. Groves of trees, acres of bushes, wild flowers, rabbits, and flocks of birds all thrive within sight of the nearby elevated MTA line. However, few people can be seen walking through this no-mans-land, perhaps because of its history of wild dog attacks. In 2001, two Rockaway residents "were brutalized by a pack of wild dogs" in the Arverne Urban Renewal Area, according to The Wave. The dogs came from an abandoned block, "stalked" their first victim, and "dragged him off the boardwalk onto an adjacent lot and began consuming his flesh," according to The Wave. In spite of this, several homeless camps are currently hidden deep in the Edgemere overgrowth. Some are as simple as a mattress tossed in the bushes or a sofa placed in a clearing. Others are more elaborate, including one camp with platform beds on a stone patio surrounded by a garden and fence. Another camp is large enough to house several families.The place is Edgemere, Queens, New York, where for nearly 4 decades an entire neighborhood has sat vitually empty on abandoned ocean front property.
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You certainly don't hear or read much about Darren Karr, one of nine Republicans running for governor in the May 18 primary. The self-described "zero dollar" candidate isn't accepting any campaign contributions, and didn't even bother (or couldn't afford) to purchase space in the state voters pamphlet. But he evidently is making the effort to attend some candidates' forums, including one last night in Tillamook.
The event was sponsored by the Tillamook chapter of the American Association of University Women. I couldn't find any coverage of the forum on the local newspaper's website. But fortunately, Darren Karr stepped up to describe the event in excruciating detail. Among his observations:
1. The candidates present included "a lady state senator running against Ted Wheeler for State Treasurer." (Uh, Darren--that would be your fellow Republican Chris Telfer, who technically isn't running against Ted Wheeler right now...she's running unopposed in the GOP primary. She'll face either Ted Wheeler or Rick Metsger, the two Democrats vying for their party's nomination in May.)
2. "(State Senator) Betsy (Johnson) is an older woman." Johnson, according to the Oregon Blue Book, is 59 years old. I couldn't find an age for Darren, but the photo on his campaign website would appear to place him on the south side of 59. Still, referring to a powerful female state lawmaker as "an older woman" is surely a dubious political move.
3. Karr refers to Oregon's "state congress" and calls state lawmakers "congressmen."
4. Karr, after listening to the other candidates, observes: "We need ME in office to represent us."
5. Despite "SEETHING" his way through the forum, Karr nonetheless concludes: "It was a great night."


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International Edition
October, 22, 2016
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Nadal crashes in Monte Carlo as Federer readies to face Djokovic
By Scott Williams, AFP
April 20, 2014, 12:25 am TWN
MONTE CARLO, Monaco -- Eight-time champion Rafael Nadal slumped to a shock Monte Carlo Masters quarterfinal defeat to compatriot David Ferrer on Friday while Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic struggled into a semifinal showdown.
Ferrer claimed a famous 7-6 (7/1), 6-4 win to hand the top seed only his third loss in the principality just a day after Nadal had won his 300th career clay court match and 50th at the Monte Carlo Country Club.
Meanwhile Federer, bidding to win the title for the first time, squandered his first 15 break points before finally coming good on a 16th on his way to a 2-6, 7-6 (8/6), 6-1 defeat of French ninth seed Jo-Wilfried Tsonga.
Defending champion Djokovic was then taken to three sets by Guillermo Garcia-Lopez of Spain before the Serb second seed finally won 4-6, 6-3, 6-1 on his fourth match point and more than two hours of battle.
Ferrer came to the court on Friday with a 5-21 deficit against Nadal who last failed to make the final in Monte Carlo in his debut year of 2003.
"When the opponent is doing things better than you, the normal thing is to lose. That's what happened today," said Nadal, who committed 44 unforced errors.
"I didn't play the right way. I didn't play with the right intensity with my forehand. I played too short. I give him the chance to have the control of the point almost all the time. He did much better than me, so I just congratulate him."
Ferrer will now face off on Saturday against Australian Open winner Stanislas Wawrinka who clinched a 7-6 (7/5), 6-2 over Canadian Milos Raonic.
Nadal's only other losses at the tournament occurred in the 2003 third round against Guillermo Coria and last year when he went down in straight sets to Djokovic in the final.


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Habitat for Humanity Completes 160 Houses In Earthquake-affected Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Volunteers from Dow Chemicals and Surabaya International School helped in reconstruction
YOGYAKARTA, 6th October 2006: A total of 160 houses have been completed in Yogyakarta since a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck the Indonesia island of Java in late May 2006.
New lease of life: A completed house in Sribit village, Bantul district. A total of 30 houses have been built for earthquake-affected families in the village.
Corporate help: Dow volunteers grading sand to be used in house construction in Guwo village
The 160 houses built are in the villages of Sribit, Kelegen, Kralas in the Bantul district, south of the capital Yogyakarta. More than 6,000 people died in the earthquake with over half of the deaths occurring in Bantul.
The earthquake also damaged 135,000 houses and left an estimated 1.5 million people homeless. Boosting reconstruction efforts were volunteer teams, ranging from private corporations to international school students.
Dow Chemicals, a long-time Habitat partner, sent three teams comprising 10 persons each to assist in reconstruction in Guwo village. Dow is funding the construction of 25 houses in Guwo village in Klaten district, 30 km. northeast of Yogyakarta.
Among the tasks that the volunteers tackled were the clearing of debris, digging of foundation and grading of sand. One of the Dow volunteers, Joko Priyatmoko, said: "As long as we have the ability to help others, that's what we must do. It's a calling for me to come here and help them."
The first Dow team that went to Guwo village was joined by director of Dow Chemicals Indonesia, Bambang Candrasiswoyo, and director of Dow Chemicals Asia Pacific, Vorapong Vorasuntharosoth.
"Habitat's program really represents the essence of humanity; building houses for those in need. This is consistent with Dow's values," said Mr Bambang.
Messrs Bambang and Vorapong also visited another reconstruction project in Kralas village. Most of the houses were in the final stages of completion.
The students did not lag far behind the corporate volunteers when it came to lending a hand.
A total of 20 students from the Surabaya International School arrived in Guwo village on 20th September to contribute their labor. Working alongside the partners, the students dug holes for foundation and bent wires.
The students find the experience interesting and some such as Melyana was moved: "Today we had worked very hard but I'm very happy now. Because we did not just work for ourselves, but for other people. That's something we can be proud of."
Agreeing, T Mayer, an assistant teacher from Surabaya International School, said: "By helping others, they will also feel better about themselves."
While it has been a positive experience for the volunteers, the community benefited from some much needed cheer. Celebrating Independence Day in Indonesia has always been a communal tradition. This year, even though the Kelegen village was shaken by the earthquake, the villagers' spirit was not crushed.
To mark the occasion, volunteers from Habitat for Humanity Yogyakarta organized games for the villagers. Children had fun trying to be the first to finish eating a cracker while others aimed to be the fastest in the sack race. Dexterity skills were put to the test during the "panjat pinang" race in which contestants had to climb oiled coconut trees.
A Kelegen villager, Budiman, said: "There is not much entertainment here since the earthquake. (The games) can relieve our burden for a while and lift our spirits."
Most of the 30 houses being constructed in Kelegen village are near completion.


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Possible sighting in California manhunt: A California Lowe's store was evacuated after a possibly sighting of fugitive Christopher Dorner. A $1,000,000 reward has been offered as authorities try to stop the ex-cop before he claims any more victims. (ABC News)
Kelly Clarkson photobomb: Remember when Bill Clinton caught the eye of social media during President Obama's inauguration? Well now it's time for Kelly Clarkson to be the photobomber. Clarkson was snapped photobombing Ellen last night during the Grammy's. (Mashable)
Another cruise ship in distress: A Carnival ship suffered an engine fire in the Gulf of Mexico and will need to be towed to port for repairs. The fire is just the latest in a line of black eyes for the cruise ship industry. (CNN)
Vikings look to trade WR: It looks like troubled wide receiver Percy Harvin is on the trade block. The Vikings' talented star cost himself a roster spot due to his immaturity and blowing up at the head coach. Would you want to see the Browns make a run at him? (Bleacher Report)
Spring Training is here! Pitchers and catchers reported to Goodyear over the weekend and The Plain Dealer has eyes on two former stars trying to make the team. Read more about Jason Giambi and Daisuke Matsuzaka.
Pope to step down: The announcement came down this morning that Pope Benedict XVI plans to step down at the end of the month. While many were surprised by the announcement, the Pope has previously mentioned that he was considering the idea. The last pope to resign was Gregory XII in 1415, almost 600 years ago.


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UT Press
[ Texas ]
The Making of a Modern City
By Patricia Evridge Hill
This book challenges the popular view that business interests have always run Dallas and offers a historically accurate picture of the city's development.
From the ruthless deals of the Ewing clan on TV's "Dallas" to the impeccable customer service of Neiman-Marcus, doing business has long been the hallmark of Dallas. Beginning in the 1920s and 1930s, Dallas business leaders amassed unprecedented political power and civic influence, which remained largely unchallenged until the 1970s.
In this innovative history, Patricia Evridge Hill explores the building of Dallas in the years before business interests rose to such prominence (1880 to 1940) and discovers that many groups contributed to the development of the modern city. In particular, she looks at the activities of organized labor, women's groups, racial minorities, Populist and socialist radicals, and progressive reformers—all of whom competed and compromised with local business leaders in the decades before the Great Depression.
This research challenges the popular view that business interests have always run Dallas and offers a historically accurate picture of the city's development. The legacy of pluralism that Hill uncovers shows that Dallas can accommodate dissent and conflict as it moves toward a more inclusive public life. Dallas will be fascinating and important reading for all Texans, as well as for all students of urban development.
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part One: 1880-1920
- 1. Dallas's Turn-of-the-Century Elite: Businessmen and Clubwomen
- 2. Radical Alternatives: Populism and Socialism in Dallas
- 3. Fairness Revisited: Labor's Bid for Respectability
- Part Two: 1920-1940
- 4. Reform, Reaction, and Downtown Rivalries as Threats to Growth
- 5. The Origins of Single-Option Government
- 6. Dallas's War on Labor, 1935-1940
- Epilogue
- Notes
- Selected Bibliography
- Index
Dallas, "Big D," has always been fond of slogans. Dallas substitutes a series of advertising monikers—"the city that works," "Home to the Great State Fair of Texas," the "city of choice"—for historical awareness or a collective memory. An "improbable city" lacking the geographical advantages that supposedly characterize prominent urban places, Dallas, now more than 150 years old, still hesitates to inquire into its past.
As newcomers are quickly told, "the business of Dallas is business." According to the rhetoric that has prevailed since the 1940s, the attributes of place have been determined by autonomous markets and by the actions of businessmen who possessed the means to buy land and build a city. Dallas's contemporary residents (and those who study. American cities) are largely unaware of the competition and cooperation that characterized urban life in Dallas between 1880 and 1920. City builders who used labor organizations, social clubs, radical political parties, the alternative press, protest rallies, and statutes such as the 1907 charter's recall provision to mold their urban environment are lost amid paeans to local businessmen.
Dallas: The Making of a Modern City focuses initially on Dallas during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, when the city matured as a commercial crossroads and regional distribution center. It then highlights the city's transition in the 1920s and 1930s from a relatively open politics of competition and cooperation to a closed system in which local business leaders amassed unprecedented political power and civic influence.
Between 1880 and 1920, Dallas was much like its rivals of similar size and age on the developing prairies. Various groups competed for, and to a significant extent shared, power. Few residents of early Dallas or other "new" nineteenth-century towns preferred stasis or advocated a return to a simpler time. Within a general consensus on growth—virtually all of the city builders discussed in the pages that follow favored growth and were convinced that Dallas was destined to become a "great" city—competing interests presented different visions of exactly how urban expansion should occur. In formal statements of purpose or through priority given one project over another, the commercial-civic elite, clubwomen, populists, socialists, trade unionists, and municipal reformers articulated their visions of the ideal city. Competing groups formed short-lived coalitions when elements of their respective visions of growth overlapped. Local conflicts were usually resolved on the basis of "fair" compromises. Fairness, as originally articulated by Dallas populists in the 1890s to mean a larger share of the benefits of growth for "producers," became the dominant rhetorical and ideological framework within which challengers attempted to extract services and amenities from the businessmen who dominated civic affairs. Significantly, the racism of the majority of Dallas's citizens severely hampered the efforts of those who sought to unite producers or organize grassroots movements based on popular notions of fairness.
A series of bitter conflicts in the years following World War I convinced a new generation of business leaders that Dallas's continued growth was threatened by the unruly nature of urban affairs. The elite that matured in the 1920s and consolidated its power with the formation of the Dallas Citizens Council in 1937 put an abrupt end to the internecine feuding that had characterized relationships among Dallas's early leaders—airing intraclass disputes behind closed doors and presenting a united front to the public. At the same time, it relied on civic boosterism, control of the media, the mythology of frontier capitalism, prejudices and fears of the largely native, white population, and brutal repression to isolate and marginalize those who challenged its hegemony.
Joe Feagin documented the effective organization of workers and intense political activity of neighborhood-based independents in Houston during the final two decades of the nineteenth century—the same period during which Dallas's first Left-liberal coalition, that of trade unionists, the Knights of Labor, and populists, challenged the local commercial-civic elite. Feagin notes that while businessmen in early Houston, like their Dallas counterparts, were undoubtedly the most influential group in town, they did not assume complete command of civic affairs until after the "suite 8F crowd," a new, more cohesive elite, emerged in the 1920s and dominated by the late 1930s. Feagin's argument mirrors my analysis of the origins of Citizens Council control in Dallas. It also raises questions as to the patterns of early urban development in other Texas cities and in those throughout the Southwest. Ironically, white middle-class voters and those workers who supported poll taxes, residency requirements, atlarge elections, and other exclusionary devices intended to dilute the voting strength of blacks and Hispanics (and at least in the Dallas case to prevent further Ku Klux Klan incursions into city government) may have established electoral systems that severely limited their own options.
Political scientist Stephen Elkin considers Dallas after World War II an extreme example of the entrepreneurial political economies characteristic of Sunbelt cities, in which strong alliances developed between businessmen and public officials. The difference in Dallas was not that the city was dominated by business leaders but the extent and duration of that dominance in the postwar decades or, to use Elkin's words, "the range of actors who become active bargainers being more restricted in Dallas."
The lack of research into the nature of Dallas's urban development before 1940 has resulted in the widespread assumption that early Dallas was very much like the modern city—that business interests were never seriously challenged, that local residents have always been staunchly anti-union, and that politics was always the exclusive domain of conservatives. This work is at once a response to the profoundly ahistorical transference of the characteristics of a modern city onto eighty years of largely unexplored urban development and a reinterpretation of Dallas's past. Its respective parts provide a more inclusive history of the early city and an analysis of the urban context in which dissent was accommodated, marginalized, or repressed.
My approach has been to link the intertwined stories of organized labor, women's groups, political radicals, progressive reformers, and the city's business leaders in order to achieve a cumulative understanding of Dallas's past and present. The various parts introduced in the first half of the book and blended in the final three chapters contribute to a whole—a new interpretation of Dallas's past. This work initiates a scholarly conversation about the nature of urban development in an important American city. I hope it stimulates interest, debate, and more work on Dallas.
Dallas grew within the context of a national model in which passive, regulatory cities developed into locally financed, service-oriented cities, and then into metropoles dependent on federal largesse and unable to rely on continued growth to ensure fiscal stability. Like other cities of the Sunbelt, however, Dallas's population continued to increase well into the 1980s, allowing the city to maintain its conservative patterns of taxation and prosperous image much longer than urban areas of the North and East. Throughout the city's history, the rhetoric of loosely regulated capitalism and laissez faire individualism has prevailed. Public discourse that emphasizes the roles of market forces and those who successfully manipulate them is reinforced by a powerful myth explaining the city's origins and early growth.
Dallas's origin myth is a well-established part of local lore. According to the myth, the town surpassed its rivals in North Central Texas—most notably Fort Worth, almost forty miles to the west, but also Waco to the south and Sherman to the north—because of the hard work and salesmanship of early settlers. The identity of modern Dallas is based on images of its founders' building a prosperous city where none ought to be. Warren Leslie called Dallas a "creation of the citizens," but perhaps Holland McCombs, writing for Fortune magazine in 1949, best articulated the myth of Dallas's origin. McCombs described the city as a "monument to sheer determination." According to the Fortune article, "Dallas doesn't owe a thing to accident, nature or inevitability. It is what it is... because the men of Dallas damn well planned it that way."
Not surprisingly, John Neely Bryan, the city's founder, is touted as the ultimate booster for his ability to persuade migrants to invest their futures in a town possessing neither a navigable river nor any other raison d'etre. The myth gives no consideration to very real geographical, political, and social aspects of settlement.
The local origin myth did not appear in early histories of Dallas, which emphasized geographical advantages and the size and fertility of the city's hinterland. One of the city's first historians, writing in 1892, claimed that railroad magnate Jay Gould predicted Dallas's rise as the commercial center of North Texas. In 1909 local historian Philip Lindsley asserted that it was "natural" for an inland city to develop along established trade routes in one of the most fertile sections of the state. Almost as an afterthought, he discussed the role of Dallas citizens in the city's growth.
Two influential histories published in the late 1920s continued to emphasize Dallas's geographical advantages. Former Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives John Cochran and former Dallas school superintendent Justin F. Kimball added sections on "self-sacrificing pioneers" and the "Dallas Spirit," but neither suggested that the city had no reason to exist or was purely the product of boosterism. As late as 1936, in the midst of the hoopla surrounding the Texas Centennial Exposition, a profile in the Chamber of Commerce's magazine touted Dallas as the product of its fertile hinterland, which attracted a population of over 2,000,000 to within a 100-mile radius of the city.
Holland McCombs's 1949 article in Fortune magazine, which introduced the founders of the Dallas Citizens Council to the nation, was the first widely disseminated purveyor of the city-with-no-reason-toexist myth. McCombs probably based his conclusions on interviews with R. L. Thornton and other members of the city's postwar elite. Thornton's ahistorical views are legendary in Dallas; as part of his argument that the city should host a centennial celebration of statehood won before John Neely Bryan built his cabin, Thornton asserted that people "weren't looking for history.... What they wanted was progress." Although Thornton's Chamber did not create the origin myth, neither did it use the state's centennial as an occasion during which to explore Dallas's past. The year of the fair, the Chamber of Commerce's introduction in the Dallas directory contained no historical material whatsoever and the above-mentioned profile in the Chamber's magazine dispensed with history in a mere two paragraphs. It is likely that McCombs came to Dallas with little or no knowledge of the city's past, noted the lack of "obvious" natural advantages (i.e. a harbor or oil wells), and relayed the infectious bravado and ahistoricism of local business leaders.
According to local lore, the town's historical origins are incidental—since no logical reason for settlement existed, it could have happened anywhere. This assumption ignores the discoveries and ambitions of John Neely Bryan. When Bryan left Van Buren, Arkansas, in 1840, to establish a trading post on the upper Trinity River in North Central Texas, he was attracted to a site on the east bank of the river that later became Dallas's central business district. His was not a random choice. The Republic of Texas had already provided funds for a military highway from Austin to the Red River to cross the Trinity near the convergence of its three forks. There the width of the river valley narrowed from five miles to one, and gummy mud river banks—almost impossible to negotiate with heavy oxcarts—gave way to a limestone ridge that provided a natural river crossing. Col. William Cooke began his survey of Preston Road, as the highway was known, a year before Bryan built his first cabin in 1841. Bryan's ability to persuade three families to move to the site from Bird's Fort, a Texas Ranger stockade to the northwest, and the absence of hostile Indians convinced him to abandon his career as a frontier trader in favor of speculating on his 640-acre tract of land. By the end of 1842, other settlers had taken up residence in the new town, which was already called Dallas.
Like Dallas County, organized in 1846, the town could have been named for George Mifflin Dallas, a Pennsylvanian elected vice president in 1844 partly on the issue of Texas annexation. But the town was called Dallas before the election campaign, and the future vice president had a brother who, as a naval commander, also had a well-known name. To further complicate the question, John Neely Bryan had a friend named Joseph Dallas who moved to the region from Washington County Arkansas, and settled at Cedar Springs, three miles north of Bryan's settlement. The uncertainty surrounding the town's name is indicative of both Dallas residents' ambivalence toward the past and the recent nature of local interest in the city's historical identity. For whomever Dallas the city was named, the town site was surveyed and platted by 1846. Bryan became the first postmaster, dividing his time between running a post office and store from his home, waging a campaign to have Dallas named county seat, and encouraging settlement in the new town. Dallas defeated Hord's Ridge (now Oak Cliff) in an 1852 election for county seat, and two years later Bryan sold his holdings in town to Alexander Cockrell for $7,000.
A native of Kentucky, Cockrell was an early migrant to Hord's Ridge, a settlement on the west bank of the Trinity, established in 1845 by Judge William Hord. Cockrell manufactured bricks and branched into the lumber business. His materials supplied early settlers on both sides of the river. Cockrell operated a ferry across the Trinity that linked Hord's Ridge and Dallas, and he was a principal investor in the first bridge spanning the river.
From its origins as a river crossing strategically placed along a proposed military highway, early Dallas benefited from the rapid settlement of much of its hinterland. In the United States during the 1840s, those who settled the frontier obtained land from the public domain at a minimum of $1.25 per acre or purchased it from prior owners. In the Republic of Texas, frontier land was almost free—as it had been since Stephen F. Austin first opened the country to white settlers from the United States. The Republic's last act donating land to settlers expired in 1842. Between 1842 and 1854, the period during which Dallas emerged as a county seat, most migrants to Texas had to purchase land, usually from speculators. The only areas in which land remained free were the established empresario reserves—the Republic's reserves of the 1840s stemming from Austin's original contract with Mexico and the State Colonization Law of 1825. Just as the settlements of East Texas began to expand onto the blackland prairies, Texas granted William S. Peters and his associates from Louisville, Kentucky, approximately 16,000 square miles in the region of the upper Trinity. In 1841 they established the Texan Emigration and Land Company to organize settlement of what became known as the Peters Colony. Texas law prohibited an empresario from settling a colony with migrants from other parts of the state, so Peters's reserve attracted small farmers from areas to the north and east—mostly without slaves and many from free and border states. This relatively homogeneous introduction of Peters Colony settlers so close to early Dallas had a tremendous impact on the region. Committed to family farming, the Peters colonists came largely from the Ohio River valley and were slightly more prosperous than other Texas migrants. The majority grew grains and vegetables. Those growing cotton did not do so on the same scale as the plantation owners of South Texas. Many farm families granted 640 acres of free land near Dallas, and therefore possessing cash reserves, developed an interest in trade. The colonists were able to support a comparatively large artisan and commercial class and attracted teachers, lawyers, doctors, and ministers virtually from the beginning of settlement.
Another impetus for Dallas's rapid rise as the region's dominant town was the settlement of La Reunion, established four miles west of Dallas. The first French settlers of La Reunion arrived in 1854 via New Orleans, and the main body of the French, Swiss, and Belgian colony arrived from Houston with a caravan of oxcarts the next year. Its leader, Victor Considerant, a disciple of the French socialist Francois Marie Charles Fourier, sought to establish a cooperative community. Considerant, exiled by Napoleon III for protesting French military adventures in Italy, believed the acquisitive nature of human beings could be regulated through their organization into self-supporting groups of 1,600 individuals. Although the utopian settlements were to be primarily agricultural and cooperative, Considerant did not abolish private ownership of property. La Reunion was to be the first of many such cooperatives in Texas. All members of the community, including women, enjoyed equal political rights and the opportunity to achieve economic independence.
Initial encounters between La Reunion colonists and citizens of Dallas took place in the colony's cooperative store. La Reunion's merchants carried an unusual selection of goods, many far superior to what was available in Dallas. The cooperative store quickly developed a clientele among Texans as well as colonists. Dallas residents regarded the foreigners with more curiosity than apprehension. In spite of initial concern that parties with music might desecrate the Sabbath, many regularly accepted invitations to the Europeans' Sunday afternoon and evening dances.
Eventually numbering almost 350 persons, the La Reunion colony contained highly educated professionals as well as scientists, artists, writers, musicians, artisans, and naturalists. La Reunion, however, lacked the agricultural expertise to ensure success under primitive and strange conditions. Considerant purchased a beautiful tract on a limestone bluff that reminded him of vineyard country in France but was, in fact, the worst agricultural land in Dallas County. After a three-year struggle, the immigrants disbanded La Reunion and many of the colony's leaders, including Considerant, returned to France. Most of the European settlers remained, however, and by 1860, 160 La Reunion colonists lived in Dallas. Others purchased farms in Dallas County, and one group began a new settlement six miles south of La Reunion on Mountain Creek.
The infusion of so many skilled Europeans into a commercial crossroads serving relatively prosperous farmers further distinguished Dallas, a town of not quite 2,000 in 1860, from county seats to the north, south, and east. The colonists were quickly integrated into community life—one served as the city's mayor. Another former La Reunion resident founded Dallas's first brewery. Julien Reverchon, who came to La Reunion in his teens, and Jacob Boll, who left Switzerland to join his family after it moved to Dallas, won international acclaim as naturalists. Portrait artists, piano tuners, cigar makers, jewelers, dancing masters, and the like added their talents to those of carpenters, stone masons, shoemakers, and immigrants possessing skills more practical in a frontier town to supply goods and luxury items to area farmers who, fortuitously, could afford them.
While serving as a supply center for the Confederate army west of the Mississippi River, Dallas's location shielded the town from destruction during the Civil War. The wartime demand for wheat, saddlery, and leather goods enabled residents to rebuild quickly after an 1860 fire destroyed most of the business district. As southern migrants poured into Texas after the war, Dallas County's thriving wheatlands and the city that served them became, for many, the destination of choice.
Bryan's locating the town at a natural river crossing along what would become a major thoroughfare ensured that all traffic between the United States and the heavily populated central portions of Texas would pass through its limits. Unlike Fort Worth, which was located at the very edge of settlement, Dallas could rely upon a large, fertile hinterland spreading out in three directions. The blackland prairies surrounding the city to the north, south, and east make up a considerable portion of the narrow arc of easily plowed land that extends northeast from the Rio Grande to the Red River. Known as the Blackland Belt, the upper reaches of this most heavily populated section of the state were ideally suited to wheat production. Dallas began as a typical commercial city—dependent on the products of its region. The timing of its emergence coincided with that of many inland areas of the South and West. Geographical considerations, the financial resources of Peters Colony settlers who paid very little for their land, and the presence of a large number of skilled artisans provided early Dallas not only with ample reason to exist but also with an impetus for growth.
The new elite that founded the Dallas Citizens Council in the 1930s clearly enjoyed the national recognition it received from the Fortune article and incorporated McCombs's version of Dallas's development. The myth of Dallas as the product of local businessmen's ability to "sell" others on an indistinguishable piece of the prairie undergirded the Citizens Council's argument that the business community could represent the interests of all citizens. As recently as the early 1980s, advertising campaigns linked what was good for local business with prosperity for the city as a whole. The origin myth and a lack of historical inquiry still characterize public discourse in Dallas. Together, they obscure both the contentiousness of civic affairs in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the variety of actors who built the city.
The character of migration to the Dallas area shifted somewhat after the end of Peters Colony settlement. Between 1860 and 1880, the majority of new settlers came from Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas. They were joined by migrants from Louisiana, East Texas, and other southern states where lives had been disrupted by the Civil War. Most remained small-scale farmers or practiced trades in town. Unlike the Peters Colony settlers, however, southern migrants who either rented land near Dallas or purchased their own farms planted cotton instead of wheat.
The decades following the Civil War transformed Dallas from a thriving crossroads marketplace of 2,000 to the largest city in North Texas, second only to Houston in the state (see Table 1). Although all of Texas experienced rapid growth (a statewide increase of just under 500 percent between 1861 and 1878), the population of Dallas County and the counties immediately surrounding it leaped by almost 1,000 percent during the same period. No other section of the state experienced growth at this rate. During the 1872-1875 triennium, which included the year of the panic, the increases in Dallas and surrounding counties were enough to offset declines in other parts of Texas and created a pattern of slight increase statewide.
Dallas was insulated from the hard times because of its mixed economy and acquisition of two railroads, the Houston & Texas Central in 1872 and the Texas & Pacific the following year. During the decade of the 1870s, the city's population jumped from 3,000 to 10,358. Aside from processing wheat and cotton, the town possessed important lumber planing, publishing, and saddlery industries. Dallas's production of $100,000 worth of saddles and harnesses in 1880 was roughly double that of Austin, its nearest Texas competitor. The city became a regional distribution center for farm equipment, wagons, and plows as the northern-most Texas outfitting point along the Shawnee Trail. The most important Dallas County industries (in order of dollar value of goods produced) were grain milling, lumber planing, publishing, saddlery and harness making, cigars and cigarette making, foundries and machine shops, brick and tile factories, production of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, bakery products, the manufacture of ice, carriage and wagon building, and confectionery making. Within Texas, the total industrial output for Dallas County in 1880 trailed only that of Galveston.
Like other southern and southwestern cities, early commercial Dallas was a violent place. In addition to farm families, artisans, and small business owners, the city attracted a floating population of buffalo hunters, trappers, and day laborers and some of the legendary figures of the West. John B. ("Doc") Holliday practiced dentistry, Belle Starr sang in a local dance hall and supposedly fenced stolen horses from her livery stable, Sam Bass robbed trains until he was killed by the Texas Rangers, and Frank James (Jesse's brother) worked as a salesman at Sanger Brothers. Free drinks to customers from tin cups at whiskey barrels in the town's stores proved to be, necessarily, a short-lived custom. Benjamin Long, a veteran of the La Reunion colony and two-term Dallas mayor, was shot and killed in a saloon after confronting a man who refused to pay for a beer. Merchants and settlers combined to subdue the most troublesome of the early drinking establishments, brothels, and gambling houses, but, as late as 1880, the city of barely 10,000 possessed fifty-two saloons.
Dallas opened its first public school in 1883. Colored School No. 1 admitted students a year later. The influx of southern migrants reinforced national patterns of racial separation and limited educational as well as economic and social opportunities for the city's blacks (19 percent of the total population in 1880).
A decade after the arrival of the railroads, Dallas possessed six flour mills, two grain elevators, and two cotton compresses as well as six banks, two foundries, and over seven hundred other commercial structures." Between 1880 and 1890, assessed property values in Dallas jumped from just over $4,000,000 to more than $30,000,000. Workers installed electric lights and telephone lines and paved Main and Elm streets with bois d'arc blocks. Traffic nearly strangled the congested downtown area. Busy streets were made even more dangerous by grade rail crossings. By 1886 six railroads operated in Dallas. Building was haphazard and unregulated. Even public buildings had short life spans and, after an 1890 fire, the thirty-six-year-old county began construction of its sixth courthouse. "Old Red," as Dallas's courthouse is known locally, was constructed in traditional Romanesque style of red sandstone and granite. The structure, which recently celebrated its centennial, is one of a handful of nineteenth-century landmarks that have survived natural disasters, Dallas's leaders' preference for modern buildings, and the business district's continued expansion.
In addition to the rapid construction of the physical city, Dallas residents sought to "catch up" with older American cities by imitating established forms of association. Many new migrants brought with them the Victorian penchant for establishing new organizations. Others simply founded local affiliates of groups active in their hometowns. Physicians organized the first Dallas County Medical Society in November of 1871, succeeded five years later by the Dallas County Medical and Surgical Association. County attorneys organized a Bar Association in 1880 and claimed 150 members after just twelve years. Sports enthusiasts established an amateur baseball association in 1883. The city's upper and middle classes patterned social and literary clubs, musical societies, and charities after prestigious organizations in New York, Chicago, Boston, and Philadelphia and organized local affiliates of Masonic Orders, the Oddfellows, and the Red Cross. A combination of the transference of established cultural patterns and mimetic development characterized Dallas's social and cultural institutions well into the twentieth century.
Although the majority of the frontier population attended evangelical protestant churches, Dallas residents had a variety of religious choices. In 1892, 511 members supported St. Matthew's Episcopal Cathedral downtown on Ervay Street. The city's more than 5,000 Catholics divided themselves between Sacred Heart and St. Patrick's, and the Jewish Temple Emanu-El, already seventeen years old in 1892, served 125 regular members. Organized in 1888, Emanu-El's Ladies Auxiliary attracted women from other synagogues and claimed 150 members,
At the turn of the century, Dallas was a T-shaped city with a fairly even distribution of prosperous and working-class neighborhoods and separate shanty towns along flood plains inhabited by impoverished whites and blacks. The bar of the "T" included the business district and East Dallas (annexed in 1890) separated by a sparsely settled area dotted with the homes of prosperous businessmen, workers, and shopkeepers. This central area also contained one of several freedmen's districts. Neighborhoods south of the downtown area and Oak Cliff—across the Trinity River to the southwest—formed the "T's" stem (see Figure 1).
The social register for 1895 lists approximately equal numbers of the city's elite south, north, and east of downtown and across the river in Oak Cliff. Many merchants, like Albert and Ben Linz, kept permanent residences downtown—in the Grand Windsor and Oriental hotels. Other prominent landholders and business leaders, including Col. Tom Kingsley, Wildy Gibbs, and J. L. A. Thomas, were long-time residents of the Oriental. The downtown residences of prosperous farmers strengthened ties to the city and especially to the business district. The proximity to downtown of The Cedars, an exclusive neighborhood immediately south of the business district, also stimulated contact between agriculturalists and local merchants.
Since the State of Texas awarded Dallas its charter in 1856 (the original town charter was exchanged for a city charter in 1871), Dallas's independent and often unruly citizens were represented by a mayor and aldermen who served on a single council. In 1880 two aldermen were elected from each of four wards and the mayor was elected at large. Over the next decade, the council grew to include the mayor and as many as twenty-four aldermen representing twelve wards. The number of city officials varied but generally included an elected marshal and tax assessor-collector and an appointed secretary, treasurer, attorney, engineer, and health officer.
Perhaps not surprising in a commercial center catering to a vast agricultural hinterland, merchants and landowners figured disproportionately among the city's early leaders. No single interest group or class, however, could mount successful campaigns for civic improvements or establish public institutions without allies during Dallas's first eighty years. The three chapters that constitute Part One of this book analyze the agendas and activities of political groups and interests that vied for influence between 1880 and 1920. Together they provide "contribution histories" of Dallas clubwomen, populists, socialists, and trade unionists as well as a profile of the city's first commercial-civic elite.
Male members of the elite established a series of local organizations dedicated to economic growth and ran for political office as Democrats in what was essentially a one-party state. Disputes among businessmen typically enlisted groups favoring increased municipal spending on a particular project against fiscal conservatives. "Organized womanhood"—often the wives, mothers, and daughters of prominent businessmen—sought to refine ostensibly laissez-faire capitalism through environmental reform and increased spending on cultural institutions and social services. Through the Dallas Federation of Women's Clubs, female members of the elite exerted a powerful influence on civic affairs decades before passage of the suffrage amendment.
Between 1886 and 1917, Dallas Populists and socialists organized and maintained local chapters of national political parties. Dallas radicals emphasized cooperation, education, and the empowerment of producers. They sought to replace the prevailing economic system with policies designed to "restore" a fair balance between farmers and wage laborers and those whose livelihoods depended on the production of others. Although affiliated with national political parties, Dallas Populists and socialists functioned as local interest groups—moderating the elite's choice of candidates during their respective periods of intense activity rather than achieving consistent electoral victories. Despite their ultimate political failure, local radicals established significant and enduring urban institutions and broadened the spectrum of acceptable social, political, and economic discourse.
Dallas radicals joined local trade unionists to form the city's first Left-liberal coalitions. Although several champions of organized labor won state and local elections or were appointed to important municipal offices, Dallas unionists, like their radical allies, were unable to mount consistent political challenges to the candidates of the elite. Analyses of key strikes in 1898 and 1919 reveal both the influence of organized labor in Dallas and the limitations of a workers' movement dependent on notions of fairness shared by an aspiring middle class.
The second part of this book provides an analysis of why and how business leaders closed the door on dissent in Dallas between 1920 and 1940. The demands of local building tradesmen, the division of Dallas's middle and upper classes into camps favoring or opposing various reform and city planning measures, and the reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan made the years after World War I an especially unsettling time in Dallas. Middle-class professionals and their allies among the elite who challenged the prevailing view that growth depended on extreme fiscal restraint and minimal taxation found their relatively late blooming efforts to institutionalize social reform overshadowed by those of businessmen seeking changes in the structure of city government that would thwart the Klan's political ambitions. Reformlike reaction was perceived by influential members of the elite and by many Dallas voters as a serious threat to growth.
A new generation of leaders matured by the end of the 1920s convinced that civic coherence depended on the business community's ability to speak with a single voice. This new elite sought to "manage" the politics of competition and cooperation by ignoring those issues which fostered intraclass feuds and by promoting only those on which there was a general consensus among business leaders. Local tensions during the interwar years combined with national and international crises to make the notion of apolitical officials who would guard the interests of the entire city especially appealing to Dallas voters. During the 1930s, continued internecine feuding among members of the elite, renewed demands for fairness by local factory workers, and Dallas's financial obligations to the state's Centennial Exposition motivated the city's most powerful bankers, merchants, and utility heads to establish the Dallas Citizens Council, the forum through which they dominated civic affairs for the next forty years.
The hegemony of this group—its self-discipline, control of the local media, and repression or co-optation of challengers—and the lack of inquiry into the city's past have resulted in a view among both scholars and Dallas residents that the city has always been an "empire of consensus." City building has rarely (if ever) been as simple as the city's origin myth and the rhetoric of the Dallas Citizens Council indicate. An awareness of, and appreciation for, the earlier politics of competition and cooperation could ease the way toward an urban environment in which dissent, conflict, and its resolution are perceived not as threats to civic coherence but as constructive signs of a more inclusive public life.
A native Texan and former Dallas resident, Patricia Evridge Hill is Assistant Professor of Social Science at San Jose State University in California.
"An important and refreshing look at the political and social roots of one of the nation's fastest growing metropolitan areas."
—Marilynn S. Johnson, Assistant Professor of History, Boston College


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Archive for the 'Rationality Bites' Category
In the opening pages of Introduction to Decision Analysis, decision analyst David Skinner tells the harrowing story of "the hardest decision [he] ever made": In September of 1998, I was working… in Venezuela when I received a phone call from a good friend that my wife… was in the hospital… I quickly called the hospital,
In 2003, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs was diagnosed with cancer. Luckily, it was a type of pancreatic cancer with a very high survival rate. Unfortunately, Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for mainstream medical treatment for nine months. Instead, he turned to experts in "alternative medicine," including an acupuncturist and a psychic. Jobs finally consented to


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GRAND RAPIDS - Another piece of spring was unveiled Wednesday when the West Michigan Whitecaps uncovered its field at Fifth Third Ballpark.
Crews worked throughout the day to remove 35 tarp covers that helped protect the infield and outfield during the winter months.
With the warm weather, it's not too optimistic to note the Whitecaps open the season April 5. The first home game is April 9, against the Bowling Green Hot Rods, which is also the start of a seven-game homestand.


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Previous abstract Next abstract
Session 79 - Star Clusters in Other Galaxies.
Display session, Friday, January 09
Exhibit Hall,
The formation of stellar clusters is poorly understood. In spite of vigorous star formation in the Galaxy, there are no young, massive clusters. In contrast, the LMC and some colliding galaxies produce large numbers of populous young clusters. To understand what parameters influence cluster formation, we need to study cluster populations in different environments. We have identified 50 well resolved star clusters covering a morphological sequence, in HST WFPC2 U, B and V images of M33. Thirteen of these clusters are also detected in far UV (1700 Angstrom) images of the same fields. These fields sample different environments in M33, such as the nuclear regions, some spiral arm regions, and outer parts of the galaxy, allowing us to explore how the star formation history varies across the galaxy and how it correlates with galactic structure and metallicity. The excellent resolution afforded by HST has allowed us to search crowded nuclear and spiral arm regions, resulting in the identification of 40 previously unidentified star clusters. The majority of these clusters are young, having B-V < 0.3, thus the blue and UV filter combination provides important information.
Luminosities, sizes, and B-V and U-B colors have been compared with stellar evolution models to obtain age estimates. Massive star clusters are found to have a range of ages from 0.001 to 10 Gyrs, where formation of these clusters has been fairly continuous during this period. We have already obtained spectroscopy for 12 clusters in our sample, giving more information about ages, metallicities, and kinematics.
Program listing for Friday


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Now that the dust has settled on the revamp of the European Unions Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, lets look at how the changes will affect the electronics industry. First, EU member states have 18 months to transpose the directive into national law. The regulations are expected to take effect no later than Jan. 2, 2013.
The revised RoHS Directive now applies to all electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). They have changed the definition for electric and electronic equipment, Kenneth Stanvick, senior vice president of Design Chain Associates, tells Design News. Before, the primary function of the product had to involve electronics. Two classic examples include a Teddy bear and a greeting card. Both were still functional if the battery were dead. Theyve made the directive more broad so now if only one of its functions is electronic, its still in the scope.
Medical and monitoring equipment come into scope. Category 8, medical devices; and Category 9, monitoring and control instruments, will come into scope by 2014.
A new Category 11 is added. The additional Category 11 now covers all EEE not covered by any other category. It will come into scope by 2019. While they havent added any new materials to RoHS, they did change the scope substantially with Category 11, says Stanvick. This catch-all will bring devices such as electromechanical into scope.
Industry has to prove exemptions. In the past, the EU government had to prove particular products should not have exemption status. That has been reversed with the recast. Now, industry has to prove it needs an exemption (such as the device cannot be produced effectively without RoHS-banned substances). Plus, all exemptions will have expiration dates.
To avoid the expiration date, companies will need to submit renewal applications at least 18 months before the exemption expires. Design engineers will need to know what is in the product and when any exempted materials will expire. There are 32 exemptions, and some have multiple parts, a, b, or c. They have different dates when the exemptions will expire. Stanvick says design engineers may want to reuse a part only to find it is no longer exempted.
CE Mark becomes part of RoHS. The CE Marking Directive that requires manufacturers, distributors, and importers to accurately label EEE products sold into the EU is now part of RoHS. The CE Mark is new for some people, says Stanvick. It also includes technical documentation. In the past there was no documentation requirement. He says that for companies that are already providing documentation, there will be no major changes. There are also questions about where to put the CE Mark.
A copy of the final revised RoHS Directive is available here.
Wal-Mart is an example of a major retailer imposing corporate requirements, which will impact the supply chain. My comments were primarily directed towards the activities of the major electronic product OEMs such as Apple, Dell, and HP who are struggling to comply with today's requirements while anticipating future requirements that can have an adverse effect on the products and materials they design, manufacture and purchase. This has resulted in the development of "Super Specifications" that go beyond today's legislated requirements. Keeping up with these "Super Specifications" will be a greater struggle than achieving and maintaining RoHS Compliance.
Sometimes these "Super Specifications" require data that is not currently available within the supply chain and as a DCA partner is often quoted as saying "when asked for data sometimes the best answer is I don't know but we will develop a plan to get the data". Bridging the gap between what is specified and the ability to deliver what is specified has and will continue to be an ongoing struggle.
If your products were added as a result of the inclusion of Category 8 Medical and Category 9 Monitoring I can understand the need for additional activities, resources, and the added cost of doing business to sell into Europe. If your products were already in scope and you put in place the processes and procedures to insure ongoing compliance, the impact to your company and products will be minimal. Many electronic products have required CE marking and compliance. The generation of a "Declaration of Conformity" and a "technical document" should not be new activities to any company producing a product that requires compliance to the Low Voltage Directive.
Bottom line, if your company took the time and effort to do it right the first time versus taking every short cut possible you should be well positioned to respond to the changes brought about by the recast with minimal effort required.
As a side note, a greater concern for small and mid sized manufactures will continue to be the need to respond to the ever increasing and evolving environmental compliance specifications being issued by their major customers. These specifications impose requirements, which in many cases go far beyond those of the RoHS Recast. Environmental compliance specifications issued by major product manufacturers and their impacts will be far greater than those resulting from the RoHS Recast.


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Area Families Invited to Safe Trick or Treat Night
DuBois – Children and their families from all area communities are invited to take part in a Safe Trick or Treat Night at Penn State DuBois.
Members of Penn State DuBois student clubs will don their costumes, hand out candy and provide games for kids 12 and under in a safe, family friendly environment.
The Fourth Annual Safe Trick-or-Treat Night is planned from 5:00 p.m. until 7:00 p.m. Friday, October 29, in the Hiller Student Union.
For more information, contact the Student Life Office at (814) 375-4764


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Rep. Jay Inslee, the Democratic congressman from Bainbridge Island, said Friday that he is indeed going to run for Washington governor next year.
As is the modern political fashion, Inslee announced on his Facebook page that he will formally announce his candidacy in Seattle on Monday morning, followed by a two-day tour of the state.
Inslee's announcement comes as no surprise and at this point it looks likely that next year's gubernatorial race will be a heavyweight matchup between Inslee and Republican Rob McKenna, the state's attorney general. Recent polling shows the race could be one of the most competitive contests for governor in 2012.
Once Gov. Chris Gregoire announced earlier this month that she would not seek a third term, the way was clear for Inslee to jump into the race.


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A man died from injuries sustained in fight late last night, the Gresham Police Department said.
Police were sent to the 18000 block of East Burnside Street just before midnight to check out a report of a man who was bleeding. They found a man who had been injured in a fight.
The man -- whose name has not been released pending notification of his family -- was taken to Mount Hood Medical Center where he later died, police said.
The East County Major Crimes Team is following up several leads.
--Tom Hallman Jr.


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The Batavia City School District made more than $50,000 in improper or unsupported payments to 12 employees and has inappropriately accumulated approximately $7.3 million in excess funds that could be better used to benefit taxpayers, according to an audit released today by State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli.
"Now more than ever, local governments and school districts should be watching every taxpayer dime," DiNapoli said. "The Batavia City School District has $7.3 million that could be used to lower taxes. The district needs to do a better job overseeing its finances and protecting taxpayers."
DiNapoli's auditors reviewed the annual compensation of 17 employees, finding ten, or 59 percent, were overpaid or received compensation which was not provided for in their contracts or supported by sufficient documentation. Auditors also reviewed payments made to six employees for their unused leave time and found that three of them were overpaid. One administrator was overpaid by more than $24,000 over a nine-year period.
Additionally, auditors found district officials have not ensured that budget estimates and reserve balances are reasonable and they have not established and maintained reserves in accordance with legal requirements.
Auditors determined the district inappropriately accumulated approximately $7.3 million in excess funds in a manner that has not been in the best interest of taxpayers. For example, the District's reported reserve for encumbrances on June 30, 2008 was $1.4 million. Auditors reviewed the supporting documentation for 33 entries totaling $569,849 and determined that 18, totaling $488,701 were inappropriately accounted for as encumbrances.
Had these practices not occurred, and had District officials complied with statutory limitations for retained fund balance, the excess could have been used for District operations, or to fund necessary reserves or to reduce the tax levy.
For a copy of the complete audit, click here.
School District Accountability
In order to improve accountability of the state's schools, DiNapoli's office will audit all of New York's school districts and Boards of Cooperative Educational Services by 2010. The State Comptroller's office has completed 690 school audits and approximately 40 school audits are currently underway.