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By Sean Greene 1:42am, February 13, 2013
VIDEO: Highlights of St. Georges' win and post-match thoughtsSt. Georges Tech recorded a pair of pins on their way to a convincing 32-22 victory over top-seeded Polytech to claim their first Division II Wrestling State championship.
After falling behind 4-0 thanks to a 12-1 major decision victory by the Panthers' Andrew Schmeusser, the Hawks claimed five of the next 6 bouts to take a 20-7 lead following a technical fall victory by Rocco Hladney at 170 pounds.
Polytech's Mark Mullnack narrowed the gap with a 13-9 victory over Kevin Berry at 182, but then Tommy Halloway used a 2nd round pin to earn six critical points, putting the Hawks up 26-10 with five bouts to go.
After another victory by Polytech, freshmen Brandon Dooley (285) and Brandon Hurd (106) scored wins to clinch the title.
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High pressure tonight giving us a cool one with some clearing. This high moves out quickly tomorrow evening giving way to our next round of wintry weather by Tuesday night. As a front moves our way with moisture from the mid Atlantic, snow (roughly 1 to 3 inches for western Mass) develop Tuesday late night. A warmer surge of air should change everything to rain by midday Wednesday. Prepare for a sloppy Wednesday morning commute.
Unfortunately, a large low pressure system will slowly move over us the next several days. Expect scattered periods of light rain and snow showers adding up to a dreary work week.
Tonight: Clouds early. Partial clearing late. Low 26.
Tuesday: Sunny start. Cloudy finish. High near 40.
Tuesday night: Snow after midnight. 1-2 inches likely by sunrise. Low 32.
Wednesday: Mix to light rain showers by midday. High 40. Snow likely continuing in high terrain.

subset: commoncrawl


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FENTON, MI—Earth Day 2012 isn't until Sunday, April 22, but that didn't stop volunteers in Fenton from getting started early.
On Saturday, Genesee County residents met at Café of Life, 521 Leroy St., Fenton, to clean up their community—one piece of trash at a time. Volunteers met at the building, where they were equipped with garbage bags, gloves, and maps of zones where their cleaning was most necessary.
Kelly Dues and Erica Peabody started the clean-up a few years ago, using their respective businesses—including Café of LIFE, which Peabody runs—as vehicles to spread the word.
"Our businesses were already geared toward better life and green living, and we wanted to give back to the community," Dues said. She no longer owns the business, but she still helps organize the event. "For us, it was a way of life."
The first year, the clean-up attracted 15 people. Last year, 80 volunteers came out. Numbers for this year weren't completed yet when Flint Journal arrived at the café, but café employee Angie Bucsi said that the clean-ups have already made a noticeable impact heading into its third year.
"A lot of places we had cleaned the last few years didn't really need our pick-up as much this year, which is really cool," Bucsi said, while watching her son hang out with two other young children. She said that children as young as two years old, and adults up to their late 70s, have all volunteered. "The areas we haven't gone to yet are still bad, but hopefully that won't be the case for long."
Samuel Strickhouser and his father, Mike, were working on one of those areas—Dauner Street, where Busci said that many volunteers were sent because it needed the most work. Samuel admitted that he was volunteering to log community service hours for school, AGS Fenton Middle School, but that he was enjoying himself nonetheless.
"I knew there was litter, but I didn't realize there was this much," he says, before holding up his trash bag. "My bag is full, and I haven't been to very many places."
"Thinking about how much litter there is, it's nice to know I can pick up some stuff. Next time, I'll gladly do it again."


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I grew up in southeastern Texas and southern Louisiana. We had thunderstorms all the time. Yet, I never remember, even one time, our schools getting out early or days canceled because of the prediction of bad weather.
Every few days now, it seems, we hear of schools starting late or getting out early because of predictions of storms. Meetings are canceled and, because it's Wednesday, church services will be called off, too, because of the prediction we'll have strong storms later.
Even the meeting between Birmingham City Council members and Police Chief A.C. Roper has been delayed for a week. Originally scheduled for 3 p.m. today in City Council chambers, the hearing will be held May 4, at the same time and place. The meeting is being held to discuss police procedures and accusations of officers using excessive force.
Here's how the announcement from City Hall reads: "Due to the threat of inclement weather, the Birmingham City Council has rescheduled today's meeting regarding the state of affairs of the Birmingham Police Department."
Due to the threat of inclement weather? Not real inclement weather, mind you. Just the threat.
Sure, it's better to be safe than sorry, and it is true we're at extreme risk for tornadoes and damaging winds this afternoon. It could get ugly out there. Yet, there's risk in getting up in the morning.
Businesses must operate. Schools need to educate. Government hearings have to be held.
Keep your eyes on the weather, and be safe, but life goes on. Or it should, anyway.
What do you think?


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I Copied A David Muench Picture and it Never Sold!
Yes, I confess, I did it. This was back when I was a student at Brooks Institute of Photography in the 1970s. In my very first class, the instructor had us study many of the well-known photographers throughout the history of the medium, including David Muench. I quickly became a David Muench fan, and, in fact, he has been my hero since those early days. He is a ground breaker, capturing countless never-before-seen locations in new and innovative ways as many of the early landscape photographers did.
So many times I wished I had entered the business when David Muench had. It must have been easier. If you documented the landscape where nobody spent much time, then every image would be a new, never-before-seen image. There were fewer photographers then and less competition.
In reality, I'm sure it was not that easy. Most likely, many of the battles would have been the same as they are today: working hard to build name recognition; finding clients; creating unique imagery; and building a successful business.
As a student at Brooks, I made my first trip to Death Valley with another student after I had seen a David Muench image of Badwater. As a new student of photography, I wanted to emulate my hero. My buddy and I arrived at Badwater before the sunrise and I quickly started trying to figure out where David had photographed his iconic image. It didn't take long to locate the rock out there in the water. As I moved my 4 x 5 left and right trying to get close to the same composition as David's picture, my buddy hollered, "Does it have to be exactly the same?" His comment went in one ear and out the other. Of course it had to be exactly the same or as close as I could get. I wanted my work to be as good as that of David Muench, and the best way to do that, I thought at the time, was to shoot like him. Of course, only the composition was close. You can never recreate the lighting of an image taken at a different time.
I placed my image of Badwater in my growing stock photo files. Over the years, I sent it out on countless submissions to photo editors hoping I could license it, thus validating that I was as good as David Muench. It never sold. Why? I don't know and often wondered. In my opinion, it is a good photo. Maybe the markets where I was sending my images had already seen David's image, published it, and had no use for my version. Maybe I had bad karma from emulating another photographer's picture.
It is common for art and photography students to emulate the work of others. It's part of the learning process. We study their use of light and how it shapes the land, as well as how they compose the grand scenes before them. A few years after college, however, I learned that attempting to duplicate the work of other photographers may be good for learning but less so for business. (Still later, I learned that it is also illegal.)
If you look at today's markets and how many more working photographers there are now than there were in the 1970s, you cannot help but wonder how much image emulation takes place. I've heard other photographers and workshop students discuss whether they've been to a certain location and "got the shot." It's that urge to photograph places that we see published and have never visited that drives much of our decision-making on where and what to shoot. It's not so much our desire to engage in smart business decisions or what we should shoot as it is to have the experience of shooting these places where "everybody shoots."
Many photographers have all the usual locations covered: Delicate Arch, Half Dome, Toroweap, Mount Rushmore, and countless more. The need to get the shots we see published is often mistaken as a good business practice. But is it really?
The hike to Delicate Arch will often result in photographers lined up shoulder-to-shoulder for the same shot. Granted, not all of them are there to take photos that they hope to market and license. But some are, and that means competition with the same shot taken on the same day.
In practice, there are only so many calendar publishers. The photo buyers for these companies see many new and striking compositions, but they also see many of the same locations shot in the same old way. The perception of the stock photo industry is changing, and complaints are growing among photo buyers that there is too much of the same imagery and it is difficult to find fresh material.
As the market gets more and more crowded, photographers hoping to prosper (or even simply survive) will have no choice but to innovate rather than imitate. We do not have the option of redesigning the landscape with new rivers, mountains and oceans like some computer game. Instead, we have what we have: national parks, wilderness and natural areas, coastlines and wildlife, and they have all been photographed before we came on the scene. The challenge to today's nature photographers is to look at these areas in a new way.
Those photographers doing something innovative rise above the crowd. A photo editor's job is not only to obtain needed photos, but to find and nurture promising talent. We see this all the time in the major publications dedicated to photography. They showcase the work of photographers who do it differently.
Those creative thinkers who have a different take are the ones grabbing the image sales and assignments. No matter how long you've been in the business, the need to innovate, experiment and do things differently should be a high priority.
I see pictures published of places I have never been and I certainly wish to go there myself. Today, if the locations fit my business plan I go, but I don't try to emulate pictures I have seen published. The markets are too small these days. I want my work to stand out from the crowd. At the same time, I can continue to honor the work of David Muench by simply looking at his pictures.
If you have any thoughts please leave a comment.
Related Posts: Copying Other Photographers Images; Good, Bad, Legal?
Books by David Muench:
This post originally appeared in the Summer 2010 issue of Currents, the journal of the North American Nature Photographers Association. If you are not a member, consider joining the best organization for nature photographer advocacy and education. www.nanpa.org


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The homeowner told firefighters he loaded the furnace with wood about 20 minutes before he noticed the fire, said Spring Arbor Township Fire Chief Tim McEldowney.
The fire started just before 8 a.m. in the garage below a house in the 2500 block of S. Dearing Road. It appears the fire started near a 90-degree bend in the chimney pipe, McEldowney said. He suspected the cause to be a failure of the pipe or the joint in the pipe.
Two people, a husband and wife, were home when the fire started. They noticed the fire, called 911 and escaped safely, McEldowney said. The fire followed the chimney pipe up through the house and into the attic. There was smoke and water damage throughout the house.
"It's pretty substantial damage to the roof," McEldowney said. "Definitely re-buildable, I think."
The couple is staying with family in the area, McEldowney said.
Spring Arbor firefighters were assisted by crews from the Pulaski, Hanover, Summit and Parma-Sandstone township departments. Firefighters cleared the scene around 11 a.m.
— Contact Aaron Aupperlee at (517) 262-2967 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter at @tinynotebook.


text:
OK. Yeah. So it's Sweden's Maid and I've started one of these crazy journal things~
I just thought, y'know, people might want to know what a maid feels like...
Or not. Damnit! Frick you! XD
Anyways, so I don't really know how to start this~
It's quite simple really, I guess.
So today was boring. As usual.
I cleaned.
And then I cooked.
Oh, I made oatmeal. ^-^
It was very good.
But then that little bastard child, Sealand, wouldn't eat it.
>:D It ended with him and a spoon shoved down his throat.
I realized today that I am evil and that the world will one day be mine. XD
What? You think I'm joking? *Is serious.*
However, I did speak to America today through my boredom!
Heeheehee, I was attempting to rip the secrets from his fle--->.> Why the hell am I telling you this?
But yeah.
I don't really know what to write...
So bye. .-. I guess.
The Diary of Sweden's Maid
495 4 25


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remote sensing
the scanning of the Earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it
formal region (uniform)
an area in which everyone shares in one or moree distinctive characteristics
theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions. but people have ability to adjust to physical environment and choose course of action from many alternatives
environmental determinism
19th-20th study of geographic that argue that general laws sought by human geographers found in physical sciences. Geographers therefor study of how physical environment caused human activities.
Land Ordinance of 1785
land that divided much of U.S. into system of township to facilitate that sale of land of settlers
Longitude (meridian)
numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian
latitude (parallel)
numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on globe and measuring distance North and South of equator
proportional symbol map
uses symbols of different sizes to represent data associated with different areas or locations within the map
choropleth map
map showing the distribution of a phenomen usually using various colors, color graduation are correlated to the density per unit area of the phenomenon.
Global Positioning System (GIS)
space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides locations and time information in all weather anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellite
Geographic Information System (GIS)
system designed to capture, store, manipulate, anaylze, manage and present all types of geographically referenced data.
physiological density
the number of people per unit of area of arable land which is land suitable for agriculture
agricultural density
the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
(dispersed/scattered or clustered/agglomerated) the spread of something over a given area
relocation diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
expansion diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process
hierarchial diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
stimulus diffusion
the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected
distance decay
the diminishing in importance and eventually disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
time (space compression
the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
Carl Saur
He was largely responsible for shifting the focus of American geography from environmental "determinism" to the study of landscape and cultural geography.
absolute location
is a way of describing the position of an object or place, perhaps (but not limited to) on the surface of the earth.
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Juanita beats Mercer Island in five | Prep volleyball results
The previously undefeated Mercer Island met their match on Wednesday evening. The team, which had beat Mount Si the week before, lost to Juanita at home on Oct. 4 in five games.
The Islanders lost game one with a 25-12 score, but bounced back in game two and three, winning 25-21 and 25-23. But the Rebels took game four, 25-18 to force a fifth game. Juanita handily grabbed the 15-8 win over the Islanders, making it the team's first league loss this season.
During the battle, Lorial Yeadon had 12 kills and 10 digs, while Rachel Bowdle made 15 digs for the team. Sara Lindquist had 14 kills and three aces, while Kris Brackmann added 10 kills for the team. Setter Carly Wilson had 38 assists during the matches and Robby Blood added 11 kills.
For Juanita, junior Jade Finau posted 45 assists, while Dana Michels made 27 kills, had two blocks and 21 digs. Teammate Theresa Laufasa had 13 kills, 16 digs and three aces. Kelsey Camilleri-Espinoza had 15 digs and five aces for the team, while Natasha Hatch posted 13 digs.
The Islanders are currently the top team in the KingCo league with 9-1 league record and 9-2 overall. Juanita is has a 5-4 league and overall record.
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Earthwatch Diaries Archives
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Seabirds of Prince William Sound
Coral and Coastal Ecology of the Seychelles
Inner Mongolia's Lost Water
Tidal Forests of Kenya
Marine Mammals of Monterey
Bahamian Reef Survey
Khurram Chaudhry's Diary
Wednesday, July 11, 2007
Thursday, November 15, 2007
Friday, November 16, 2007
Saturday, November 17, 2007
Sunday, November 18, 2007
Monday, November 19, 2007
Tuesday, November 20, 2007
Wednesday, November 21, 2007
Thursday, November 22, 2007
Friday, November 23, 2007
Saturday, November 24, 2007
Wednesday, July 11, 2007
Welcome to my diary. My name is Khurram Chaudhry, and I was offered the opportunity by Alcoa and Earthwatch to partake in the Bahamian coral reef survey.
When I first received the offer, I was shocked and lost in the moment. I in no way expected that I would be offered the opportunity because of the number of potential participants it was open to (124,000 Alcoa employees). It's a bit like winning the top prize in a raffle competition.
I am attracted to the Earthwatch Institute for several reasons, primarily because an Earthwatch fellow is not only concerned with the environment but is also taking an active role in trying to help, in a small way, to resolve a problem that is severely affecting our planet. The fellows are thus trying to ensure sustainability for successive generations.
I feel fervently about this planet, for it is profoundly beautiful in many ways that can never be fully appreciated by us. So much is left unexplored. Yet the parts we as the human race have encountered have, to some extent, been scarred due to our carelessness at times.
I want to be a part of a positive change that will aim to reverse the damage we have caused to our beautiful planet. As an Earthwatch fellow, I will be given the ability, resources, and guidance to help me in my goal.
I expect to learn about an area that I was last taught in school a decade ago over several geography lessons. Since then, I haven't really revisited this area due to concentrating on other areas, such as community development projects.
I hope this expedition is the first step to expanding my community development activities to involve local and national environmental issues.
Thursday, November 15, 2007
I arrived at the airport (London Heathrow) on a cold winter's morning with my mother and wife at around quarter past seven. We left the house just after half past six in the morning. I was excited but also very tired after having gone to sleep at about midnight the night before due to packing my suitcases.
One suitcase contained presents that were for my cousins, whom I would meet in Miramar, Florida. The other was a rucksack with my eagerly awaited wetsuit, snorkel, and mask, as well as clothes for the forthcoming expedition. (The wetsuit arrived just in the nick of time on Tuesday morning, and this was to prove invaluable in the trip ahead.)
There was no queue at the check-in desk at the airport, although I didn't get a seat of my choosing because I hadn't checked in online. I wouldn't be making that mistake again!
I made my way to the departure gate after having said goodbye to my family, and I found my seat next to an elderly woman in the Airbus A340-600 series plane. The plane was half an hour late taking off due to one of the wings having formed ice on its tip.
The plane journey would be about 10 hours. During the flight, I watched "Sicko," a documentary produced by Michael Moore. It contained many excellent sources of reference. However, it was extremely provoking, and I am sure there is also substance to the arguments of having health maintenance organizations (HMOs). What they are, I don't really know.
I had taken off my scarf once onboard the plane, but I left my jacket on. This and the white shirt below it I stained with chocolate, probably by dropping a piece of the crispy chocolate shell of the Choc ice that was given to me as dessert.
The airline service was reasonably satisfactory. I would recommend the airline to anyone, although the meal could have been improved. I had ordered a special one, which I guess was difficult to cater for, but they did well.
This was the only airline that answered my customer call when I sat in the economy section, but the flight attendant forgot to bring me what I requested! But that's cool, since I really enjoyed the whole flight.
The entertainment service was the best I have seen, and the interactive map system was extremely informative and easy to use. This was important for me, since the map could tell me the direction of Mecca. Performing my prayers in the right direction was made easier.
Immigration was quite a memorable experience, especially when entering the U.S. I ended up trying to explain the purpose of the expedition to the customs official who was questioning me by rummaging through my bag to get all the relevant documents and briefings. After the discussion on coral reefs with immigration, I proceeded to the baggage reclaim. The discussions were a good way to test my level of knowledge and understanding for the challenge ahead.
I left the airport like I did the previous year and recalled the route back toward my cousin's house. Nothing much had changed, except I saw no dead trees along the side of the highway this time. South Florida as you know, is subjected to hurricanes that are so powerful they uproot trees. Amazing but terrifying, I would think!
To contrast this with the year before when I drove out of the airport onto the highway, I witnessed a graveyard of hundreds of thousands of branchless trees stripped to the bark and laid out horizontally. It was an ugly feeling. Thankfully, it was not the case this time round.
My cousins greeted me with no great warmth, although my uncle and aunt did. The reason was my 18-month-old cousin probably didn't recognize me, and the other one was four-years-old and fast asleep.
My aunt had made me beef lasagna with a variety of assorted kebabs—Desi (Indian) style. I filled up with food, my eyes quelled, and I went to sleep ever so tired.
Friday, November 16, 2007
I woke up in the morning before sunrise to a thundering sound—it was the sound of my alarm clock (a deafening sound). I then went to the washroom to perform my ablution before offering my morning prayer.
To my surprise, my four-year-old cousin was waiting in the room I was staying in. She gave me a big hug, and we hung around talking to one another until breakfast.
After breakfast, everyone left except my four-year-old cousin, and we performed various activities. It was great that I got time to spend with her. After lunch, my uncles took me out to the local community center/school, where my aunt teaches. It was wonderful. Only at that point did I realize the spectacular weather. It wasn't humid, and the sun was just the right intensity.
Later that afternoon, I made a visit to a local store—a Target. I picked up a first-aid kit and a sun hat, which I would use throughout my expedition. I was also given some mosquito patches by my aunt that I added to the first-aid kit.
In the evening, I had a Philly sandwich, which actually is a baguette, even though initially I thought it was a sandwich! It was lovely. It had green peppers and chunks of chicken coated with a sweet-and-sour sauce. Try one if you haven't already.
Later that night, I packed all my equipment. I was quite excited about the trip ahead of me but at the same time a little apprehensive.
Saturday, November 17, 2007
I woke up early in the morning to offer prayer and to pray for safety and productivity in the seven days ahead of me. After the Miami sunrise, I loaded my uncle's car with my rucksack that I had packed the night before with my baby cousins, who made packing very difficult by questioning me about almost everything I was packing.
Before departing the house, I had a beautiful Indian parata (flat, circular bread cooked with oil) filled with scrambled eggs and red and green peppers, although I didn't have my fill since I was nervous about the journey ahead.
This was and is quite unusual, since me not eating good homemade food is rare! I was going to miss the Thai chicken curry, and all the meat curries, because on the island of San Salvador, there would definitely be no Halal and Kosher meat. But that's cool, since I wanted to cut down on my red meat intake.
I got to the airport at Fort Lauderdale, and the drop-off was nice and simple. I checked my baggage and made my way to the departure gate. While going through security on the way to the gate, all my toiletries were confiscated (I had forgotten to leave my wash bag in my suitcase). This was a really expensive lesson that a lot people go through. I was given the option of rechecking that bag, but I didn't really want to go back since the queue through security would mean quite possibly missing my flight. I had no toothpaste, deodorant, sunscreen, etc.
The Beechcraft plane from Ft. Lauderdale Airport took us from Florida to Nassau (on the island of New Providence)—something in the region of 30 minutes. The plane was a third loaded just like the one that left 10 minutes earlier (I think to the same destination!). Anyway, the plane was relatively small. It accommodated about 25 people. The engine had scratches on it, and I was sitting just a hand span from the actual blade, separated only by the fuselage.
While flying, I took several pictures you can find in my photo gallery. I liked the way the shadow of the clouds rested on the ocean bed.
Once in Nassau, I made my way to immigration, passing through the hall of fame of Bahamian sports people. Once there, I saw advertisements for Paradise Island and Atlantis, both of which were luxurious resorts. Once it was my turn, I was told to go back and fill in a form, so I did like the other passengers. Why we weren't given these on the plane, I don't know.
After this, I made my way to the airport convenience shop, which was very small, to purchase a tube of toothpaste. It cost three times the normal price in the United Kingdom.
Going from the international to the domestic terminal is quick and easy, and I checked in for my connecting flight and made my way to the gate.
At the gate, there was liquor bar! From this observation and from what was sold in the majority of shops inside the terminal, I got the impression that things were a bit more relaxed in the Bahamas in regards to drinking and traveling.
Once in the departure lounge, I walked up and down the terminal wearing my Alcoa shirt, hoping some of the others would recognize me as part of the Earthwatch expedition. No one did, so I sat down and opened up the Earthwatch briefing. Someone then came to me and said "Hey," explained a group of fellow volunteers were sitting together, and asked if I would join them. I did, and these four wonderful women were from New Jersey. They included a mother and daughter and a teacher and her former student, who is now a teacher as well. These latter two were also sponsored, but by HSBC Bank.
The plane was delayed by more than two hours, so I rang home and spoke to my family. We got on the plane (a Dash Turbo 8) and met the principal investigator (PI), John, and other volunteers. We were told we were the first group after the hurricane season to come to the island. John runs four expeditions a year in each season, and we were the last of the year.
On the way to San Salvador, originally known as Guanahani by the indigenous Lucayans (an Indian population that lived by fishing and agriculture), I fell asleep until landing. When landing, we touched down just as the shore began. It was quite amazing, because it felt as if we were going to land in the sea!
After landing at the airport, which was the size of three ordinary sized garages, we collected our luggage. I greeted the other volunteers, all of whom were women except one. That man would be by roommate, and I really enjoyed his company.
The coordinators made themselves known, and they were really pleasant. We then got onto a truck—a blue 1950s ex-naval vehicle—and made our way to Grahams Harbor on the north of the island where the research center was positioned. It is reported that Columbus said that this bay "would hold all the ships of Christendom."
We arrived at the research station, which was one of many former 1950s/60s naval bases that sprang up during the Cold War. Later in 1971, it became part of the College of the Bahamas.
It was decide that we would not go for a swim since it was approaching dinner time and then it would be sunset thereafter. I unpacked and made my way to the cafeteria, where I was told that we would have a lecture on coral reefs in the evening.
The same time, we had 70-some Virginian teens on a fieldtrip who would stay for the next seven days with us! This meant that we would have to wait for meals, since those guys were right in there.
Later that evening, I made my way to the labs, where we were given an introduction to the island. One key image was an infrared image of the island that showed us why San Salvador was just right for coral research.
On the image (found in the photo gallery), white shows development and light blue indicates inland lakes surrounded by red, which represents vegetation. Shallow waters are light, and dark blue is the deep ocean, which is in excess of 7,000 meters (4.3 miles) compared to 30 meters (100 feet) deep for shallow waters.
From the infrared photo, it was apparent that the island is unspoiled by humans, and this made the investigation into coral bleaching easier to study in the coral's natural environment.
Here is a much more erudite description of coral bleaching by Hoegh-Guldberg than any I could convey. Coral bleaching refers to the loss of color of corals due to stress-induced expulsion of symbiotic unicellular algae. The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on a symbiotic relationship with photosynthesizing unicellular algae called zooxanthellae that live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its particular coloration, depending on the clade living within the coral. Under stress, corals may expel their zooxantheallae, which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached."
We discussed the feasibility of transporting coral from labs to the ocean floor to increase their population. This is a possibility and is one of John's future plans, although he hasn't practiced it as of yet. There may be other researchers who have tried this, but I haven't come across any literature to that effect.
John next went through the beaches we would visit during our stay. We also went through the site map of the surrounding facilities at the plant. One really interesting piece of information was that the sand on the beaches is calcium carbide, which remains cool. This is unlike sand that is silicon carbide, which heats up during the day and makes walking on the beaches really uncomfortable.
We were told that coral is an animal and not a plant, as may be naturally assumed by most people. We also were shown various corals that we would see out on the reef.
Coral has a symbiotic relationship with the algae that lives on it. However, the algae in some places are taking over the reefs due to bleaching. During early 1990s, a worldwide bleaching event occurred, and this was probably because of increased ultraviolet absorption by the coral due to the unusually calm waters and increased thermal stresses in the water. This meant the temperature for the coral was damagingly high, and too much radiation was—and still is—bad for them. (Be sure to check this information before referencing me for a thesis on causes of coral bleaching in the Bahamian waters of San Salvador!)
We were told a little about the geology of the islands and the purpose of the research. We were going to collect data and learn about coral, mainly the breeds that live in the patch reefs in the shallow waters surrounding the island we were on. The information we collected would be added to the existing data set, which is the longest running coral reef survey in the western world. The data is used to monitor and evaluate the impact of numerous variables that affect coral health.
Activities and measurements we would do include water sampling and temperatures, air temperatures, and an estimation of bleaching on corals within certain areas that have been monitored since 1992, the year this Bahamian reef survey began. Ever since, I believe the corals have been monitored in all seasons—about four times a year.
The structure of the day would be eating breakfast at 7:30 a.m., loading the trucks at about 9 a.m., going to a beach to collect data, and returning by noon for lunch and to clean our gear. We'd get back on the truck and head out again at 2 p.m. and be back by 5 p.m. for dinner at 5:30 p.m. We'd then have class from 7 p.m. to about 8:30 p.m.
In terms of work, we would collect data twice a day and have an evening lecture. The rest of the time we would relax. If we had energy to relax! The swims were certainly draining for me, especially since I had done very little ocean swimming the years before the trip.
Sunday, November 18, 2007
I had toast and eggs for breakfast. In fact, bread would be my staple and most consumed food on the trip. I lost a lot of weight in these seven days, believe or not, and I was questioned on more than one occasion regarding the lack of meat intake. This wasn't too bad, since not eating meat for a week did me the world of good.
We went to Monument Beach after breakfast. This beach is south of Cockburn, the largest town on San Salvador and consisting of some 20 houses and shops. This beach saw the Olympic torch land on its shore en route to Mexico in 1968. Christopher Columbus first landed on this beach in 1492, and now I was here in 2007. Wow!
I went into the water for the first time. It was a good feeling, however I had big problems with the snorkel. I was having trouble breathing, since I had never snorkeled before. The instructors said it would take a day or two of practice. In the meantime, I swam between the patch reefs with my goggles around my neck while holding my snorkel. It was good getting out and swimming around.
Branching coral pricked me from time to time. They were bigger and longer than I had expected and yellow/brown in appearance.
Coral identification was difficult due to the low levels of visibility in the water because of swirling sediment caused by the wind.
After lunch, we set out again to another site. Since the wind was choppy, we didn't get into the water and went back to the lab to study transects and other field data-collecting techniques. All this data were kept in my self-written handbook on corals and the Bahamas, which I hope to populate in the coming years.
Later that evening, we went through all the different types of corals we could hope to see in the reefs and also collect data from. During this lecture, the lights went off, and so did I.
I apologized like the day before, when I also knocked out toward the end of the lecture. We did review everything, so I got all the information I needed. Similarly, I will take copious notes when we have the repeat of this evening's lecture.
Monday, November 19, 2007
During the night, it was lightly raining, and there was a light breeze. We had pancakes and toast for breakfast, and then we saddled up for our ride down to Monument Beach. Water clarity was better than yesterday.
I practiced snorkeling and managed 15 minutes without having to surface. Pretty good, I'd say for a beginner. I saw star coral, although I didn't see much else like the brain or cactus coral I had seen in the slideshow the night before.
After lunch, I was fatigued, but we went down to the next outside laboratory, as I like to think of it (i.e., the beach). I figured out, with the help of others, how to use the snorkel. You hold your breath, bite on the snorkel, put your face down, and then breathe like normal, preferably concentrating on something other than breathing.
The mask needs to be tightened before putting your head in the water. In case of leaks, use Vaseline, which should prevent any leakage. I found breathing in deeply through the nose makes the mask tighten on the face. Steaming of the mask is also a real problem. I know that from when I use a mask while paint balling. To prevent steaming, it's advisable to rub your own spittle on the inside lens of the mask, wash the spittle off using a little water, and then quickly put on the mask. This technique does work, but on many occasions it did not for me. I kept taking off my mask and readjusting it due to leaking, which became an annoyance from time to time.
At this beach, we had to collect data using the tools and techniques we had learned the day before. Here is a quick overview of the techniques we used for data collection.
Transects have been in place since 1992 in the same areas of the patch reefs around San Salvador. Transects are straight lines of a defined length. In our case, these transects were 10 meters (33 feet) in length and typically 100 meters (328 feet) offshore. These transects, made of string and ribbons, were placed at one-meter (3.3-foot) lengths. The strings were nailed at the ends and in the center to prevent the transect line from floating away.
We were to monitor a half meter on either side of the entire length of the transects, which was pretty difficult in wavy water. On several occasions, we failed to gather any data. We were recording the percentage of bleaching on coral within this area. On top of the pins, we took water samples and temperatures.
Visibility readings were also taken using a secchi wheel, or disk. This is a disk a quarter of a meter in diameter that has opposite quadrants colored black and white. The purpose of the wheel is to measure the visibility of the ocean in the reef area where the transect is situated. Attached to the disk is a string with ribbons tied to it at every meter.
The way the measurement is taken is for one person with 20/20 vision (not me then, since I wear spectacles, although one may purchase fitted lens goggles) holds the string and swims back facing the wheel until he or she cannot distinguish between the white and black quadrants. This is done underwater. In clear water, visibility can be in excess of 30 meters (98 feet). I think our best was five meters (16 feet)!
Point intersect is basically a grid. A frame measuring one meter by one meter is split into 25 or 16 intersects and is thrown on the reef. The volunteers then count what is at each intersect point. We were given a tablet and pencil and paired up. The tablet, or score sheet, contained rows with hard coral, soft coral, algae, sand, rock, and rock and sand (defined as sand greater than 5 millimeters—0.20 inches—on the rock.). We ticked what applied, and we managed to get more than 500 points. Good!
That's another activity where we were partnered up for safety reasons. It was a good thing, too, since at one point I started to breathe heavily and was very uncomfortable in the water, perhaps due to the waviness. My partner, a senior staff scientist, told me to swim on my back and breathe in slowly. This worked, and thereafter I became relaxed.
Elevation readings are performed to measure sedimentation buildup or coastal erosion. These readings are taken by going to a pre-designated part of a beach that has been monitored for years to get a reference and idea of the degree of erosion.
To take these readings, we required two one-meter sticks with a string attached that had a flatness-measuring device, i.e., a bubble rule (level)! The meter sticks face each other going down the slope in a straight line to the sea, and readings are taken until the sticks are in the water.
In this run to the beach, I saw fish for the first time, and it was wonderful. I don't really know what I saw, but they were big. It was awesome and a little apprehensive since I was used to teasing my cousins' fish in their tank, and now I was in their natural habitat. It felt as thought the tides had turned for a second.
In the evening, we covered the geology of the islands, which is explained beautifully in Neal Sealey's book entitled "Bahamian Landscapes." The Bahamas are unique in the sense they are made from limestone. San Salvador, being three miles wide, 10 miles long, and shaped like a rectangle, has about 80% of its area covered by inland lakes, which were once dunes in the sea that have been blocked off by sediment. These lakes are also three times as salty as the sea due to evaporation. Salt is also present on the banks of these lakes.
Beach rock is present on the island and, as it sounds, is made from the calcium sand that's also present. The calcium hits the sand and is dissolved. This reaction causes the rock to be formed.
Another unique feature of the island is the presence of red soil, which is rich in iron. This is unique, since the Bahamas are limestone-based islands. In fact, the red soil is from the Sahara Desert in Africa. It was transported from there via atmospheric winds—similar to how Gobi Desert sand is transported from China to Hawaii via atmospheric wind channels. The principal investigator did tell us of West African fisherman finding frozen locusts on their boats. This was due to the locusts being sucked into the atmosphere, frozen, and then transported via winds to the African coast.
Tuesday, November 20, 2007
In the morning, I went to the dilapidated pier in Grahams Harbor and watched the waves pounce on the beach while praying on my rosary. Then I went to back to my room, where I started taking to my roommate about the reason why my alarm clock goes off so early in the morning. He was only teasing me to an extent, since he'd traveled in Indonesia for four months. I guess he understood all about praying and praying times, since the call to prayer is performed publicly in that country.
It was decided that it was too windy to do any research, so we went on a recreational visit to a lighthouse and lighthouse cave. The lighthouse is one of three manually operated ones in the Bahamas that are operated by two keepers. The lenses were made in Birmingham, England (that's where I live).
In the cave, I saw stalagmites and stalactites. The cave was filled with water, which reached five feet at its deepest! At one moment, we all stood still and observed the cave in pitch darkness. I swear it was pitch dark. I couldn't see anything. It was like I was alone even though there were more than 10 of us. I felt bodiless, like a soul, a spirit, or a particle.
By noon, we were back at base after having trekked back through the jungle to get to our truck. My fingers required moisturizer, which I didn't have! I guess they were like that due to the seawater.
We went to Rocky Point and found it difficult to perform any water-based data gathering in the area. We performed elevation readings instead.
In the evening, we had a group bonding session, where every member of the team described his or her life in five minutes or so. I felt very comfortable and was amazed by their life stories.
Wednesday, November 21, 2007
In the morning, I went to the beach before breakfast and joined another volunteer who was picking up litter.
We stopped at Cockburn Town (pronounced Coburn Town), and I rang my mother and spouse. It cost around US$10 dollars for the five minutes I spoke with them. It was a good line, too!
For breakfast, one of the locals made me bush tea using leaves from a bush near the base I was staying at.
In the morning, we performed elevation readings at Lindsay and Rice Bay. I also played football (soccer) there with my roommate. For lunch, I had broccoli soup with my fiftieth slice of bread, if not my fifty-first.
After lunch, we went down to Snapshot Reef, where we had a great opportunity in the clear water to take videos and photographs of the various corals and algae-eating fish, such as parrotfish, tigerfish, bluefin, etc.
There, I also learned a saying that has stuck with me since: "Don't let school get in the way of education." I like this, because school sometimes, at certain ages, isn't the best place for a child or teen. I would probably have liked to travel more while growing up.
In the evening, we had a slideshow on the various corals we'd see in the waters around San Salvador. This was a repeat lecture, so I made copious notes. There were three different star corals we'd see—elliptical, mountainous, and cavernous.
Thursday, November 22, 2007
In the morning, we found Rocky Point to be extremely dangerous to perform any research. Instead, we went to Pigeon Creek, which is a lovely place to just go and relax. It has numerous mangroves with lots of juvenile fish and conch. I didn't get to see them, since I was struggling with a pair of long fins I'd borrowed from the base that were hurting my feet. Eventually, I took one off, threw it into the truck, and carried on with only one. Later, we rode down on the waves to near the mouth of the creek.
For lunch, I had French fries, bread, and half an orange. In the afternoon, we went to Rocky Point and Sand Dollar Beach to perform elevation readings. Sand Dollar Beach is nicely tucked away, and its water is calm and lovely to swim in. It's the most secluded and relaxing beach on the island.
It was Thanksgiving today, and we had the traditional dinner of the day, with a menu that included turkey, cranberry sauce, pumpkin pie, etc.
In the evening, we were given a presentation by a member of the Bahamas National Trust (BNT). The BNT is aligned with the Nature Conservancy group. The presenter was also a part of the San Salvador Living Jewels Society, which was the main purpose of her talk. She is proposing protected areas—under the auspices of the BNT and under the trust of the San Salvador Living Jewels Society—to protect the Nassau grouper, Bahamian lobster, and conch. These three species are being over-harvested at an alarming rate, and the Living Jewels is proposing to the Bahamian government a range of protected areas around the island that will reinvigorate the populations of these species.
This protected area would also include the three keys (rocks in the sea) close to the island named Green Key, White Key, and another whose name I cannot remember. Green Key houses a species of land iguana native only to that island (found nowhere else on the planet), so it is evident how important it is to take care of the islands and keys species, because tourism and fisheries will continue to endanger them if they aren't protected.
The Living Jewels initiative seems impressive. With Bermuda currently banning lobster fishing around its waters for the next 25 years due to low stocks, the Bahamian government may want to start banning fishing in certain areas now rather than waiting until the future. Even if a ban is accepted, it may not be successful since there is no one to police these areas due to a lack of funding.
After this quite impressive presentation, we were given a marvelous lecture by one of the senior staff scientists, who was a great help during my stay and made our trip so fulfilling due to her expansive knowledge of the island. In fact, I think she is one of the most experienced visitors to the island. For instance, she has a brilliant awareness of the beaches on the island and of tidal behavior at those beaches.
Her presentation was on flame working, which is what she does to pay the bills. Flame working is a process of working with glass on a small scale using an oil-burning lamp as the heat source.
Friday, November 23, 2007
We went to Lindsay Reef to perform data collection. However, we found it far too difficult due to the windy conditions. The current was so strong that when we placed the point intersect frame on the floor of the reef, it was moved by the current. We managed to do one throw but gave up since we began to hit the coral.
There was a group performing fish data collection and another doing rugosity (three dimensional) mapping of the reef, but I couldn't join them since they were part way through their activity.
We were offered the chance to draw the perimeter of the reef using a global positioning system (GPS) device. I accepted at first along with the others, but I went back to shore because I only had one short fin and one long! It would also be a one-kilometer (0.60-mile) swim, and I knew I wasn't strong enough to avoid bumping into branching coral due to their height (which reached the subsurface layer of the water) and the strong wave action.
For lunch, we went to a restaurant. I had the vegetarian meal, which involved macaroni and cheese with rice accompanied by dried potatoes and triggerfish.
After lunch, which was compliments of the PI, we were given the option of either doing water chemistry or visiting plantation ruins and an owl hole and taking a ride around the perimeter the island. I went for the tour and had pictures taken.
In the evening, we got to perform some water chemistry using standard school chemistry kits. We also measured the alkalinity and salinity of the water.
In our debriefing straight after the water chemistry, we were told the reason for collecting the data.
Data collected through monitoring the transects and performing the various tests are added to and compared and contrasted with the existing data set. This allows the researchers to monitor if there was an increase/decrease in bleaching of the coral population.
A future, long-term aim of the project is to restore the coral reef by transplanting coral tissue into the reef and encouraging reef growth by deploying a concrete cast to help the three-dimensional aspects of the reef—thus increasing the fish population.
The project also wants to get the local population to collect data, which would mean more information gathered throughout the year and less reliance on volunteers who pay to help. The only problem is that many of the locals cannot swim, so there needs to be an incentive.
Currently there is no serious bleaching event occurring in the Bahamas. This was consoling for the PI, because we as a group didn't collect as much data as he had hoped. The PI will get back to us soon regarding the analysis he will perform on the data we collected, although the overall picture is that variables, such as temperature, water clarity and chemistry, are steady.
Saturday, November 24, 2007
This is when we said our goodbyes and made our way back home. It was a real honor to be on this expedition and to have met all the people on the trip. I have always liked Americans, and this experience enhanced that feeling.
Here's what I would do differently on the trip if I did it again. In addition to checking in my toiletries at the airport instead of packing them in a carry-on bag, I would take the following:
Two extra large towels;
Long fins (short ones are ineffective);
Sunscreen with SPF 35 or higher;
Strong mask; better still, one that has lenses;
Underwater torch (flashlight);
Two waterproof watches;
Alarm clock;
Two pairs of shoes;
Dive bag for snorkel and fins;
Jungle pants/shirts to protect against mosquitoes; and
Prescription sunglasses.
The things I really enjoyed on the island included Coca-Cola, triggerfish, the culture and attitudes of the people, coral, swimming with fish, snorkeling, wearing my wetsuit, caving, San Salvador, Nassau, the plane journey on the dash turbo, getting to know experts in their field, and, last but not least, contributing to the longest running coral reef survey in the west.
In the days ahead, I went back to Miami and visited my cousins once more. We enjoyed spinach lasagna and went to malls. I saw Flipper (from the 1960s TV series) perform tricks in the Miami Sea Aquarium.
The killer whale was my favorite show, because the whale's tricks were spectacular. These included splashing the audience with its tail and fins. Not surprising, my baby cousin was more interested in eating her cookies than watching the whale.
I believe everyone should go on one these expeditions, because I think it will enrich most peoples' lives in the way it did mine and help researchers gather data to maintain the planet's many wonders.
(View a presentation Khurram developed following his trip.
Photo Gallery
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LDC hosts and participates in various workshops and has also provided coordination and support for NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) technology evaluation workshops.
LDC is an organizer and participant in the LREC 2016 Workshop, Novel Incentives for Collecting Data and Annotation from People: types, implementation, tasking requirements, workflow and results, to be held in May 2016.
LDC co-organized and participated in the LSA 2016 Workshop, Preparing your Corpus for Archival Storage and the LSA 2012 Workshop, Coding for Sociolinguistic Archive Preparation. In 2012 LDC hosted a workshop at Penn to celebrate the Consortium's first 20 years - "The Future of Language Resources: LDC 20th Anniversary Workshop."


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The Trinity Preschool will be hosting an OPen House on Saturday, July 20th. The Preschool has programs for both 3 and 4 year olds in two, three and five day programs. Trinity Preschool has large, bright rooms and a well equipped outdoor playground. The new curriculum is in line with the new Common Core Standards and is exciting and age appropriate. More information is available on their website: www.trinitypreschoolwalden.com


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Window Cufflinks
We chose these cufflinks with a window motif over the traditional Chai, preferring the design. Plus these little windows open to reveal a photo of a beloved. They will make a great New Daddy Gift. Sterling Silver and 18K gold photo frame cufflinks from Geo Art by Cynthia Gale.
Leaves the warehouse in 1-2 business days.


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King County Executive Dow Constantine orders nquest ordered into fatal police shooting
King County Executive Dow Constantine today ordered an inquest into the fatal shooting of Leonid Kalyuzhnyy by a Seattle police officer on November 29, 2013.
Police were called to the Elizabeth James House at 23rd Ave. E. and East John on reports of gunfire. Police say they were confronted by a man with a rifle in an open hallway on the second floor, who shouted at them and fired one shot at officers. Police fired back, fatally wounding Kalyuzhnyy.
King County Prosecutor Dan Satterberg recommended the inquest after his office reviewed materials from the Seattle Police Department, which conducted the investigation.
Inquests are fact-finding hearings conducted before a six-member jury. Under a standing Executive Order, inquests are convened to determine the causes and circumstances of any death involving a member of any law enforcement agency within King County while in the performance of his or her duties.
Inquests provide transparency into law enforcement actions so the public may have all the facts established in a court of law. The ordering of an inquest should carry no other implication. Inquest jurors answer a series of interrogatories to determine the significant factual issues involved in the case, and it is not their purpose to determine whether any person or agency is civilly or criminally liable.
The order signed by the Executive requests King County District Court Presiding Judge Corinna Harn to assign a judge to set a date and conduct the inquest.
The ordering of inquests is a function vested in the county executive under the King County Code.
Read the Executive Order on Conducting Inquests in King County at: www.kingcounty.gov/operations/policies/executive/publicaeo/phl711aeo
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There hasn't been much offense so far tonight. The Saints settled for a 40-yard field goal by Martin Gramatica and they are driving in for another score thanks to a fumble forced by rookie defensive tackle Sedrick Ellis. Tackle Brian Young recovered.
Tailback Deuce McAllister got off to a bit of a slow start, but he's looked solid on a few carries. He's getting a heavy workload, with nine carries for 30 yards so far.


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- UC Cooperative Extension farm advisor Jerry Schmierer to retire
- Weed control protocol
- UC Cooperative Extension agronomy farm advisor in Colusa County, Jerry Schmierer, a leader in the integration of information technology into agricultural business, will retire April 30.
UC Cooperative Extension agronomy farm advisor in Colusa County, Jerry Schmierer, a leader in the integration of information technology into agricultural business, will retire April 30.
Raised on a San Joaquin County organic farm, Schmierer had a knack for identifying promising new technologies. When personal computers, email and the World Wide Web were introduced mid-way through his career, Schmierer began looking for ways he could use them to extend research information to farmers and for farmers to use them in managing their businesses.
"I saw IT as a tool that could be integrated into successful farm management in the same way as the judicious use of pesticides, fertilizers and irrigation," Schmierer said. "The next generation of farm managers will not only embrace all aspects of information technology, they will demand it."
Every year, Schmierer undertook at least one IT project in addition to his traditional agronomy research projects. For example, he used the global positioning system for mapping yellow starthistle, employed remote sensing for crop mapping in the Sacramento Valley, and developed the web interface for a weed herbicide susceptibility database.
Schmierer was also an early adopter when it came to agricultural research. Working with legendary farm advisor Franz Kegal, Schmierer conducted his first experiment – a sorghum variety trial on his father's farm – as a 14-year-old 4-H member.
Schmierer earned a bachelor's degree in plant science at Fresno State University in 1974 and completed a master 's degree in agriculture in 1993. In 2001, he earned a graduate certificate at Chico State University in management information systems.
Schmierer was named the farm advisor and county director for UC Cooperative Extension in Lassen County in 1981, a position he held for 17 years. After a year-long sabbatical at Purdue University focused on information technology, Schmierer moved in 1998 to Colusa County to serve as the agronomy farm advisor.
"Farm advisor is the best job in the organization," Schmierer said. "You get to solve problems in the real world."
During nearly 30 years with UC Cooperative Extension, there were several recurring themes in his agricultural research.
"I have always looked at the economics of a particular management practice as well as the agronomic feasibility," he said. "Providing good research-based information to growers so that they can make better management decisions has been the goal of my career."


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Youth Softball
District 38 Area A
11-12-Year-Old All-Stars
The District 38 Area A 11-12 year-old all-star tournament will take place at the Eagen Complex, located on Clinton Street in Fredonia, beginning today.
Dunkirk and Fredonia, the Area's only two teams, will play at 6 p.m. today and Monday. An if-necessary game will be played on Tuesday, also at 6 p.m.
Fredonia State Hockey
Ice Games Camp
Fredonia State will host a youth hockey camp Aug. 27-31. The camp is open to boys and girls ages 5 and up.
The camp for ages 13 and up will be Monday-Friday from 8:30-9:30 a.m. The camp for ages 5-12 will be Monday-Friday from 10-11:30 a.m. Both camps will be at the Steele Hall Ice Arena.
For more information, or to pay online, go to www.fredoniabluedevils.com/ then 'View all FSU Athletic Camps and Clinics'. From there, go to 'Register and make payments for camp(s).
FHS Girls' Basketball Camp
Fredonia will host a girls' basketball camp June 25-28, in the high school and middle school gymnasiums for girls entering grades 3-12. Each participant is expected to arrive at camp between 8:30-8:55 a.m., with the camp beginning promptly at 9 and running til 3:30 p.m.
Campers will work on learning the skills that will make them better basketball players. They will also take part in daily games and competitions.
WNY Exceptional Seniors Soccer Camp
The Western New York Exceptional Seniors Soccer Camp will be held July 9-13 at Silver Creek High School.
The camp is open to students in seventh grade and up. The cost is $50 for Silver Creek students and $75 for non-Silver Creek students.
The coaches will be Tim Kronenwetter (Empire Buffalo) and Bernie Feldman (ECC men's head coach).
The camp will fortify present skill levels and offer an opportunity to be assessed for the WNY seniors game play along with Empire Buffalo possibility. Camp staff will be placed at a 10:1 student to teacher ratio.
For more information, contact Tim Kronenwetter at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Dunkirk Midget Football, Cheerleading Registration
The Dunkirk Midget Football team will be holding registration for the varsity, modified and jayvee teams, as well as for the cheerleading squads. Registration will be held on Saturday, July 14, from 11 a.m. til 4 p.m., at Murray Hose Co. No. 4, on West Doughty Street, in Dunkirk.
All eligible football players must turn eight years old before Aug. 1 and must not be older than 14 before Aug. 1, to be eligible to play. Cheerleaders must turn nine years old prior to Aug. 1, and must not be older than 12 prior to the same date.
The cost of registration is $50 per participant, with a family rate for two or more participants of $75 (participants must have the same mailing address). Birth certificates must be presented at the time of registration and paperwork will need to be filled out by a parent or legal guardian at the time of registration.
For questions, contact Kari Lockett at 673-5445, or Pete Donaldson at 499-4094.


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American Apparel Has Gone Too Far
They're trying to bring back the scrunchie.
American Apparel is trying to bring the scrunchie back. They come in styles ranging from neon to zebra print to lamé to tribal print. Assless tights were one thing, but at least only you, and maybe just one other person, ahem, would know you were wearing them. Sure the eighties are back, but even so, wearing a scrunchie is just a sad cry for attention. [Racked, American Apparel]


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A Unique Custom Luxury Rhinestone T-Shirt Boutique.
By Founder, CEO & Celebrity Designer Tracy Wright.
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Oprah 25 T-Shirts in Swarovski, in honor of Oprah Winfrey to commemorate her 25th season.


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© Gerald Mangan
William McGonagall, c. 1825 - 1902. Poet and actor April 1997
Not on display
- Scottish Art
McGonagall has a reputation as a notoriously bad poet. He wrote over 200 poems during his lifetime of which, 'The Tay Bridge Disaster' is perhaps most famous - its opening line: "Beautiful Railway Bridge of the Silv'ry Tay!" Born in Edinburgh, McGonagall's family moved to Dundee where he became a hand-loom weaver. When he was about twenty he debuted his acting skills in the role of Macbeth, and his desire for performance remained with him throughout his life. He was in his early fifties before "a strong desire to write poetry" captured him. He wrote about various subjects but there was an underlying theme of man's struggle against nature and the transience of life. This drawing shows McGonagall precariously walking along the Tay Bridge in full Highland regalia, holding a stick for balance.


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"Get well blessings" are extended to Darlene Cook; Bob DeNio; Ruth House; Dean and Shirley LaForce and Rowlan Stanton.
Arreta Ware and daughter, Marvel Sheffield flew to Palm Beach Gardens, Florida last week for a visit to see Arreta's sister and Marvel's Aunt, Gloria Young. They stayed at the home of Doctor Brian Young and family while spending the days at Gloria's. Gloria is blind now and in poor health. She has three very nice ladies who take care of her on different days in her own apartment. With the help of Kim, one of her own helpers, we did get her down to the beach, but as true to Florida weather it started to rain after we were there about ten minutes, so we had to pack back up and get to the car and home to Gloria's. It was a fast five-day trip, but we were glad to be able to visit Gloria and family.
It's that time of year again. The day Parish residents will come together and celebrate a day of wood cutting, splitting and stacking for BK's (Bob Kilts') Grandma Thelma Beley. All able and unable bodies are welcome to join in on Saturday, June 27, 2009 (Rain or Shine) at Thelma's home on Beley Drive at 8 a.m. until it's done! Anyone interested in helping out but are not ableto cut, split or stack ... food is always welcome.
Once the last stick is stacked, as usual there will be a feast.. This year's feast will take place in the garage of David Hall and Lisa Sabine's home on Richardson Road. Anyone interested in bringing a dish to pass, please call David or Lisa at 963-7275 to let us know, so we don't have several of the same dishes. If anyone should need further information please don't hesitate to call (the above number), leave a message and your call will be returned. Hope to see you all there!! (p.s. BYOB)
The Greater Parish Area Chamber of Commerce's popular Parish Farmers Market and Peddlers Village now open on Saturdays through August 29 from 9 a.m. - 2 p.m. at the corner lot Route 69 and 69A. It is a great chance to catch up with friends and show your support of the local neighbors. The Parish Volunteer Firefighters will have barbecued chicken available for purchase on Sat. June 20.
The chamber welcomes back the vendors supplying fresh produce, baked goods and beautiful flowers, spices and crafts. The chamber is also looking for vendors that have collectibles for sale. China, glass, baseball cards, candles, dolls, dried flowers, old plates, tea cups, costume jewelry, old hats, antiques, and vintage items. Contact email@example.com or call 625-4955 to reserve a FREE space.
In honor of the many, many years of service to the Town of Parish, Clara Sterio will be honored prior to the joint board meeting held on Thursday July 9 at the Mills and Petrie Memorial Gymnasium at 6 PM. There will be a ceremony and refreshments.
Were you in a Parish Cub Scout troop in 1960 under the direction of Scout Master Lyle Day? If so, maybe you could help identify boys in a picture to be used in the 2010 Parish Town Historical Society calendar. Call Bridget at 625-7130.
The Town of Parish's summer recreation program will be held at the Parish Elementary School July 6 through August 21, 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Monday - Friday under the direction of Sue Lamb and Kara Perkins. Sign ups for Parish Summer Recreation will take place from 6 - 8 p.m. at the Mills and Petrie Memorial Gymnasium, 2938 East Main Street on Wed. June 17; Fri. June 19 and also on Sat. June 20 from 12-2 p.m. at the Parish Farmer's Market at the corner lot of State Route 69 and 69A. The cut off date for registrations will be Fri., July 10.
Register your child in the 2009-2010 Parish Kids Club held at the Parish-Hastings Presbyterian Church, 814 Rider Street , the safe and fun after school program runs throughout the school year Monday through Friday. The club is under the direction of Mary Lou Guindon, who is trained and experienced in first aid, recreation and children.
For a minimal fee of $20 per week or $5 per day, you can provide a safe haven for your child after school. There is a limited number of openings, call today--625-4304 or 625-4575 today to register. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
To make this column interesting and informative, we need to hear from you, email information to email@example.com or call 625-4575.


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For 19 years, Elizabeth Brockwell-Tillman has walked the trails that connect the Gillette Visitor Sand Dune Center to the great outdoors, one route taking people deeper into the woods of P.J. Hoffmaster State Park; another leading more directly to Lake Michigan.
It never gets old.
Despite the many times she has traveled through the thick forest of sugar maples, American beech and Eastern hemlock, and the many children and adults as she has led through the glorious sand dunes, Brockwell-Tillman never takes the scenery for granted.
Each trip only makes her appreciate her surroundings more. It intensifies the need to spread the word about nature, then zero in on West Michigan's unique geography of lake, forest and dunes.
"We are really fortunate that we have these fabulous resources," Brockwell-Tillman said. "If we didn't have so many (public) parks, would we even get close to the dunes or Lake Michigan?"
As the park's interpreter — and a naturalist by training — she is reminded every day that the population is spending less time in nature and more time inside in front of computers and other wonders of technology.
"We have children who visit here, who live in West Michigan, who have never spent time in the woods or beach," Brockwell-Tillman said. "They don't know the sounds or the smells or the sights."
A recent Kaiser Family Foundation study found American kids between 8 and 18 spend an average of 6.5 hours a day indoors using computers, video games, television and their MP3 players. The health implications of sedentary lifestyles are obvious, playing a huge part in the rising incidence of childhood obesity, high blood pressure and other ills.
Gillette Sand Dune Visitor Center
Where: 6585 Lake Harbor, Norton Shores
Fall hours: noon to 4 p.m. Tuesdays through Fridays; 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturdays; and noon to 4 p.m. Sundays.
Cost: There is no cost to visit the center, but a state vehicle parking permit -- now called a "passport" -- is required to enter the park.
For more information: 231-798-3573 or www.gillettenature.org
What's up for kids this month
Bats, Bats, Bats
When: 1 p.m. Oct. 15
What to expect: Sorry, no live bats! Program includes a fun DVD and activity.
Total time: 45 minutes.
Seeds, Cones and Nuts
When: 11 a.m. Oct. 22
What to expect: Learn how to identify key tree parts. This program will include an indoor and outdoor portions.
Total time: 45 minutes.
Adults aren't left out
Gillette Nature Association Member Appreciation and Community open house
When: 6:30 p.m. Nov. 3
Where: Gillette Sand Dune Visitor Center
Guest speaker: Charlie Dewitt, of the Muskegon Nature Club, will talk about the history and ecology of Little Black Lake while showing photographs he has taken over the past three years.
Who can attend: Anyone.
More information: Call 231-798-3573.
But there is another issue at play, something equally as important to one's health, that scientists call nature deprivation. If children — or adults — seldom or never get outside, they can become "disconnected" from nature in which they live.
They can be strangers to their own environment.
For the 19 years she has been on staff at the Visitor Center, Brockwell-Tillman has administered a spectacular and amazingly effective antidote to the malady. She simply invites schoolchildren on field trips to the center, families camping in Hoffmaster and anyone else to simply walk the trails — and see what they have been missing.
"It's always a great time to get out here and remember our blessings in this part of the world," she said.
The Gillette Visitor Center — named for the late E. Genevieve Gillette, one of Michigan's most dedicated environmentalists — opened in 1976.
From the start, the center has been a link between education, science and the state park just outside its windows.
"We have really fostered many generations of good nature stewards," Brockwell-Tillman said.
Ironically, she starts many of her field trips inside the Visitor Center with its classrooms and interactive exhibits — and its two-story view dominated by a huge sand dune.
"Not everyone has sand dunes like this," Brockwell-Tillman said.
Even in a state where sand dunes are the norm, Hoffmaster State Park's dunes are one of a kind. Most places in Michigan have two or maybe three rows of dunes, she said. At Hoffmaster, there are five or more rows of dunes, making it a "unique" place to visit and study.
The park includes three miles of Lake Michigan beaches. Its habitat is a refuge for 460 species of plants, nearly 90 species of birds and an untold number of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and insects — all of which become on-the-spot teachable moments for Brockwell-Tillman.
Controlling the deer population
One of the places she points out along the trails is an area identified as a Wildlife/Botanical Experiment to study deer feeding habits and wildflower population. Because its habitat has shrunk over the years — caused by residential building and other factors in the area — the deer population has increased at Hoffmaster State Park, she said.
The deer were eating "understory growth," wiping out wildflowers and other vegetation necessary to support birds and other wildlife, she said.
Since 2005, deer hunters have been allowed in the park on a limited basis.
Now, because there are fewer deer, the undergrowth is returning, said Pat Whalen, who took over as manager of Hoffmaster State Park and Bass River Recreation Area in May.
This year's hunts — which require special permits — are scheduled Nov. 19 and Dec. 3, both Saturdays.
"We can see a change in the understory and browse line," Whalen said, "but it will take a full five or six years to recover."
Brockwell-Tillman reports an increase in numbers at the Visitor Center this summer, a trend she expects to continue this autumn and winter.
"I can't tell you how many people said they hadn't been here in ages, and they couldn't get over how beautiful it is," she said.
Gillette Visitor Center
Oct. 1, 2010 to Sept. 30, 2011
5,153: The number of school children who visited.
49,355: Total visitors (includes school kids, adults and campers).
It's a great time to visit
The park and visitor center are open year-round, Whalen said. It is especially beautiful this time of year, Brockwell-Tillman said.
"There's something really wonderful about fall," she said.
The temperature is always warmer along the lake this time of year. The trails are less crowded during the summer months. The colors in the woods begin to "intensify" in mid-October, she said.
"We are really fortunate here," she said.
And if the weather is inclement, the Visitor Center tells the story of the dunes and woods indoors with its exhibits and programs. Just outside, there is a small pond with running water.
In fall, it is not uncommon to see as many as eight species of warblers at one time at the pond.
"This is a great time to get outside," Brockwell-Tillman said, "and remember why we live here."


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Headlines (News Releases)
Laurier researcher receives $50,000 to study neurological effects of drug abuse
Communications, Public Affairs & Marketing
Apr 8/09| For Immediate Release
Dr. Bruce McKay, Assistant Professor
Kevin Crowley, Associate Director
WATERLOO Laurier psychology professor Dr. Bruce McKay can really get inside your head. With the help of a patch clamp electrophysiology setup, that is. The Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) awarded $50,422 to Wilfrid Laurier University to purchase equipment that will allow McKay to study neurons and synapses in acute brain slices.
McKay is researching how the brain changes with drug abuse, specifically when children abuse under the sink solvents and inhalants.
Its a bigger issue than you would think, about four to five percent of kids will abuse these types of substances and the damage to the brain is devastating, said McKay. By understanding exactly how these substances affect the brain we can find out what kinds of drugs we can use to effectively treat and potentially reverse the damage.
The patch clamp electrophysiology setup a collection of equipment that essentially adds up to a very expensive microscope is powerful enough to show neurons and synapses at the cellular/molecular level.
Not only can we now ask the really cutting-edge questions and gain tremendous insight into how the brain works, we can also give talented students a chance to train on world-class equipment, said McKay.
The equipment was awarded through the CFIs Leaders Opportunity Fund, which provides infrastructure support to Canadian institutions. McKays grant was part of a general funding announcement from CFI this week. A total of $26,712,283 in new funds was awarded to support 117 projects at 29 institutions across Canada.
The investments being announced today at Laurier will further enhance our countrys reputation as a destination of choice for outstanding researchers, said Dr. Eliot Phillipson, president and CEO of the CFI. They will make our universities even more competitive when it comes to attracting the best and brightest researchers from around the world.
About the Canada Foundation for Innovation
The CFI is an independent corporation created by the Government of Canada to fund research infrastructure. The CFIs mandate is to strengthen the capacity of Canadian universities, colleges, research hospitals, and non-profit research institutions to carry out world-class research and technology development that benefits Canadians. Since its creation in 1997, the CFI has committed almost $4.5 billion in support of more than 6,000 projects at 129 institutions in 64 municipalities across Canada.
View all Psychology news |
View all Faculty of Science news
View all Laurier news


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lava clay while you envelop your skin in a sea of Moroccan argan oil.
What is Moroccan lava clay? Formed
deep within the Atlas Mountains millions of years ago, the healing clay is rich
in magnesium silicate. Moroccan lava clay has long been used to detoxify the
skin, pulling toxins from the pores. The clay greatly increases the rate of
cellular turnover as it heals blemishes and produces clear skin.
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the protected Argan Forest of Morocco comes an amazing healing and anti-aging
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How does Moroccan Lava & Argan
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text:
This deal has ended.
Use our exclusive 20% off code BRADFIT to lower the price of the popular Gaiam Fitness Grab Bag from $6.99 to just $5.59 (value of $58). Items included vary, but one customer's review says she received a pedometer, yoga DVD, two cds and a reflexology DVD. Shipping is $5.99 and there's no sales tax (except CA, CO, OH).No longer available


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July 31st, 2012
Tuesday's lineup: Tigers at Red Sox
A slight switch tonight for the Tigers, who stack up left-handed hitters Brennan Boesch and Alex Avila back-to-back against Josh Beckett. Hey, why not?
- Austin Jackson, CF
- Quintin Berry, LF
- Miguel Cabrera, 3B
- Prince Fielder, 1B
- Delmon Young, DH
- Brennan Boesch, RF
- Alex Avila, C
- Jhonny Peralta, SS
- Omar Infante, 2B
P: Justin Verlander
Castellanos' visit to Boston in quotes
Nick Castellanos took in the sights of Fenway Park on Monday, from the field during Tigers batting practice and from the stands during the Tigers-Red Sox game itself. He also gave a pretty wide-ranging interview to reporters before BP. The main piece with the highlights is in the notebook from the game. Here's a more complete rundown:
- On how the visit came about: "We were spending our off-day [in Manchester, New Hampshire], so Avi [Garcia] was looking up Tigers stuff and said, 'They're playing in Boston. Isn't that close?' So I looked it up and it was about 45 minutes away. So he called [Brayan] Villarreal and he said, 'Yeah, yeah, we'll get you tickets, come on over.'"
- On having lots to learn in the outfield: "I'm picking it up quickly, but there's definitely a lot of improvement. I've played there 15 games in my life, so there's going to be improvement. Fly balls aren't an issue. The big thing now is reading line drives."
- On following trade rumors: "Last year, I was able to avoid it. This year, no. This year, it's been every day, all the time, in my face. I'm definitely ready for the trade deadline so I can just relax."
- On the stress of it: "The added pressure of trying to play a new position and also every time I walk into a locker room, all my teammates are saying you're going somewhere else. You try to avoid it as much as possible, but it's still going to linger."
- On untouchable status: "Whenever they come to town, a lot of the big guys are in town to see me play the outfield, so I talk to them. I have a really good relationship with the front office. And sometimes I'll ask them, 'Well, do you think?' And it's like, 'Definitely not, but we can't say it can't happen, because if somebody comes up and makes an unbelievable deal, then no one's untouchable.' They said it's very unlikely, but I still know that anything can happen. I'm just ready for this trade deadline to go."
- On possibility of September call-up: "I've heard about it. There's been people like these guys saying, 'Oh, get used to it. It'll be your locker in September, joking around.' And it's awesome to hear these guys say it, but I know that it's not real until it happens. I'm definitely taking this all in, but I definitely realize that it's a visit. It's not because I deserve to be here."
- On possibility of Arizona Fall League at end of season: "That's a possibility. I've heard instructional league is a possibility. I've heard if we make the postseason and I keep hitting off lefties, I stay with the team into the postseason. So everything's a possibility, and we're just going to have to wait and see what happens."
- On who he hears stuff from: "A little bit of everybody. All the people that really matter, though, I haven't heard anything from, because that's always a last-minute thing."
- On seeing former teammate and close friend Rob Brantly get traded: "I miss him to death, but I'm really happy for him, because it's such a better opportunity for him there, just for the obvious factor that we have Alex Avila, who needs no introduction. And he did go to Miami."
- On working with Al Kaline on outfield play: "Not yet, but I know he's coming. It means a lot, because I know they're really serious about me being here if they're going to go through all that to make sure that I'm prepared in right field."


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|Thread Tools
|#1 (permalink)
Join Date: Aug 2011
Posts: 21
Smelly cat, Smelly cat, what are they feeding you
Hey all
I have been feeding my babies Blue buffalo wilderness cat food. I was just wondering if it's just my cats or the food, because their poo is smelly! I don't know if anyone else has noticed this or not??
I really want to find some good food that is no grain, does anyone have any suggestions? I really don't want to go raw!
|#3 (permalink)
Cat Addict
Join Date: May 2010
Location: Utah - USA
Posts: 1,507
It might also be that their systems are getting used to it.
When I switched from Authority to Kirkland (Costco), the poop smelled for about a month or so (and yes, I did the proper transition with mixing Costco in with the other food gradually increasing).
During the summer when Xanthe goes outside and eats the feral food, which is cheap junk full of corn (can't afford to feed ferals, so I get it donated by the local rescue group, from the donations -they- get), and she comes in to use the litter box, it stinks... during the winter when she gets straight Costco, it doesn't smell at all after a couple weeks.
|#7 (permalink)
Cool Cat
Join Date: Nov 2010
Location: California
Posts: 1,379
The best two options for preventative tooth care are getting your cats used to having their teeth brushed by you (using pet-safe toothpaste), or feeding them a more abrasive diet containing raw bone. Since you don't want to do raw, I'd recommend looking into the toothbrush plan! It's much easier to get them used to it as kittens.
But yeah the dry food could most definitely be the culprit. I'd recommend trying them on a grain-free canned food for a few weeks to see if it improves.
|#8 (permalink)
Join Date: Jan 2011
Location: Manitoba,Canada
Posts: 141
Leelu's poops are actually "good" compared to when she was on Chicken Soup and RC. You can only smell if you are right there scooping or if you are there while she's pooping but it fades fast.
I had her on Nature's Variety Instinct Duck dry and now on day 4 of switching to Orijen (I switch dry foods every bag, so every 2-3mths). And the only canned food she'll eat Natural balance LID Venison and pea (ugh I hate only feeding one food but after all the diarrhea issues I had had and the wasted cans I'm scared to try another!)
|#9 (permalink)
Premier Cat
Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: Cobourg, Ontario, Canada
Posts: 4,880
Some cats develop gum problems because of genetics. I've found "Nature's Dentist", a powder supplement that's mostly probiotics, has been effective in reducing the amount of plaque and freshens their breath (an added bonus!). Both my cats love the taste of it too. My cats had their first dental cleaning at 6 y.o. and even then the vet said it was "moderate with no gum disease", like gingivitis.
Nature's Dentist - Canada - Tartar and Plaque Control
|#10 (permalink)
Cool Cat
Join Date: May 2007
Location: Massachusetts
Posts: 1,339
There could be a single ingredient in it that their systems don't agree with. I remember that my cats did better on a food using rice as the carb than a food using potato as a carb (poop wise). However now on wet food their poops rarely smell at all...although sometimes they do. I bet one of the foods in our rotation causes the problem, likely one of the veggie heavy ones but I haven't paid enough attention to it to find out. The more of the food the cat's body can use, the less waste is going to come out and the less stinky the poop will be. The commercial foods with the least extra is always going to be a grain free, veggie/fruit free, and low carb wet food as they will always have less carbs than even the highest quality dry food (and there are a few wet foods like this out there!! wellness core and before grain come to mind).
So my recommendation is if possible switch to a rotation of high quality wet foods or do a raw diet.
If that's not possible just try switching to a dry with a different protein source or carb source and see if after a couple of months things have gotten better.
|Thread Tools


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Bernadette Vierra Rodrigues, 93
Bernadette Vierra Rodrigues, 93, of Wailuku, Maui, passed away on December 6, 2013, at her home under the care of Hospice Maui. She was born on August 6, 1920, in Lahaina, Maui.
Visitation will be held from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on Thursday, December 12, 2013, at St. Anthony Catholic Church; mass will begin at 11:00 a.m.; burial will follow, 12:30 p.m., at the Maui Veteran's Cemetery in Makawao.
Bernadette is survived by her sons, Ronald (Donna) Rodrigues, Colin (Juliette) Rodrigues; daughters, Colette Chow, Mary Beth (Joseph) Santos; brother, Philbert Vierra; sister, Irene Cambra; 10 grandchildren; and 7 great-grandchildren.
Condolences may be sent to: www.ballardfamilymortuaries.com


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Watt, Michael S, Moore, John R, Facon, Jean-Phillipe, Downes, Geoff M, Clinton, Peter W, Coker, Graham, Davis, Murray R, Simcock, Robyn, Parfitt, Roger L, Dando, John, Mason, Euan G and Bown, Horacio E (2006) Modelling environmental variation in Young's modulus for Pinus radiata and implications for determination of critical buckling height. Annals of Botany, 98 (4). pp. 765-775. ISSN 0305-7364Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)
Background and Aims: Although density-specific stiffness, E/, (where E is Young's modulus and is wood density) is often assumed constant by the elastic similarity model, and in determination of critical buckling height (Hcrit), few studies have tested this assumption within species. Here this assumption is tested for Pinus radiata growing across an environmental gradient, and theory is combined with data to develop a model of Young's modulus.
Methods Analyses: use an extensive series of environmental plots covering the range of climatic and edaphic conditions over which P. radiata is grown in New Zealand. Reduced major axis regression was used to determine scaling exponents between log-log plots of Hcrit vs. groundline diameter (D), and E/ vs. D. Path analysis was used to identify significant direct and indirect (through stem slenderness) edaphic and climatic influences on E.
Key Results: Density-specific stiffness exhibited 3-fold variation. As E/ scaled positively with D, the exponent of 0·95 between Hcrit and D exceeded the assumed value of 0·67 under constant E/. The final path analysis model included mean air temperature in early autumn (Taut) and slenderness as significant (P < 0·05) positive direct influences on E. Tree leaf area index and Taut were indirectly associated with E through their significant (P < 0·05) positive direct relationship with stem slenderness. Young's modulus was most sensitive to Taut, followed by stem slenderness then leaf area index, and the final model explained 76 % of the variance in E.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that within species E/ variation may influence Hcrit and the scaling exponent between D and Hcrit so important in assumptions regarding allometric relationships. The model presented may provide a useful means of determining variation in E, E/ and Hcrit across environmental gradients.
|Item Type:
|Print ISSN:
|Electronic ISSN:
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|Environmental variation; Air temperature; Pinus radiata; Young's modulus; Euler buckling; Stem slenderness; Taper; Safety factor.
|University Divisions/Research Centres:
|Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Creative Industries > School of Engineering and the Built Environment
|Dewey Decimal Subjects:
|600 Technology > 620 Engineering > 620 Engineering & allied operations
500 Science > 580 Plants (Botany) > 582 Plants noted for characteristics & flowers > 582.16 Trees
|Library of Congress Subjects:
|S Agriculture > SD Forestry
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
|Item ID:
|Depositing User:
|RAE Import
|Date Deposited:
|27 May 2008 13:33
|Last Modified:
|21 Mar 2013 13:32
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