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We've covered text editors here before. We know, from various posts at the Mac DevCenter blog, that our readers are often as fanatical about using plain text as we are.
Tips on using your editor of choice are easy to find, but we thought it would be fun to gather a whole bunch of them together for the first time; not only to spread the word, but to invite our readers to add their own tips and time-savers. We've also asked a handful of Mac users to contribute their own favorite text tricks.
You have probably encountered some of these already, but we hope there's a few gems that are new to you.
Without further ado, let's dive in.
BBEdit's window-splitter is hard to spot. The little gray box at the top of the scroll bar on the right is what you need: drag it downward to split your window. But Smultron 2.0 offers something a little better; you can split a Smultron window and display a different file in each split, something no other editor offers.
Tofu is a very handy utility to have around. It grabs almost any text you care to throw at it and reformats it into an easy-to-read column view like you'd see in a newspaper. Great for long dull documents or plain text ebooks downloaded from Project Gutenberg.
When writing your own HTML is a pain, there are various ways of making the chore a little less tiresome.
John Gruber's Markdown is among my favorite tools of all time. Described as "a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers," it turns suitably formatted text into valid (X)HTML. This article (and almost everything else I write for the web these days) was written using Markdown in BBEdit.
To use it the same way, download Markdown and put it in ~/Library/Application Support/BBEdit/Unix Support/Unix Filters. It should show up in your Unix Filters menu, and you can assign a keyboard shortcut to it in the Unix Filters palette.
One of the best features of Markdown is that it's designed to be readable even in an unconverted state. In other words, the plain text original should be almost as easy to read as the HTML alternative.
There are many other ways to use it--directly in your Movable Type installation, for example--or by applying the HumaneText service to any Markdown-formatted text. HumaneText offers more convenience because, as a Services menu item, it'll work in Services-compliant apps (i.e., most of them).
Matt Biddulph edits in vim, but his chosen trick is a little utility called pbcopy. He wasn't the only one to sing its praises; several of our interviewees mentioned it and described how it'd be hard to live without it.
Matt said:
"I use pbcopy all the time to get stuff out of commands and text files and into text editors and forms via the clipboard.
"For example, when I'm editing scripting code for Second Life, I like to do it in vim, my editor of choice. Second Life isn't currently able to call an external editor, but it does support cut and paste in its editing interface. When I'm done editing code, I type:
which pipes the current document through the pbcopy command which places it on the clipboard. Then I jump into SL and hit Apple-V."
Garrett Dimon, like a lot of other people, has enjoyed using TextMate for coding (see Figure 1). TextMate is popular for many reasons, not least of which is the broad and easy-to-expand (thanks to the Bundle system) feature set. That said, there's still a learning curve to get over, and even regular users might find themselves missing out on useful features.
Figure 1. TextMate, a power editor
Garrett took the time to document some of his favorites, including the super-useful Control+Shift+W that wraps selected text in paragraph tags but lets you edit the tags immediately, offering a lot more control. Garrett has more about snippets in TextMate on his website.
Alex Young's TextMate review at Vitamin highlights another popular feature, that of using alt-drag to highlight blocks or columns of text. Duane Johnson came up with a way of implementing multiple arbitrary simultaneous carets.
TextMate can also be used as an external editor for Mail, or as a means of staying organized. Someone's even made a cheat sheet for Ruby on Rails developers.
Want to read something on your Palm? Use PalmDocCoverter to change it to Palm-ready text.
Thanks to the 2sms.com widget, you can send SMS text messages to mobile phones straight from your desktop.
Devon TechnologiesBlue Service throws text snippets around your Bluetooth network, making it easy to send something to a phone or PDA with Bluetooth smarts.
Merlin Mann, of 43 Folders fame and well-known for his addiction to plain text, sent us this great tip about TextExpander.
"TextExpander stores strings of text (or images) and pastes them behind your cursor position based on abbreviations and conditional triggers that you choose.
So, for example, you could set it so that whenever you type "
LOL", TextExpander will spit out "That remark you just made is, in my estimation, humorous." Or, maybe next time that you IM a cool new website to A-List blogger Anil Dash, and he says "Seen it," you can just type, "
sorryanil" and TE will automatically produce "Sorry, Anil, I didn't know you'd seen this link already. I'll let you get back to work." Time saved all around! Signatures, links to Goatse, or even entire form letter responses--it's all possible, so let your imagination run wild.
To make best use of TextExpander, it helps to start watching for the items that you find yourself repeatedly typing (or mis-typing). TextExpander makes the rapid creation of new abbreviations really easy via the OS X "Services" menu. Just type the full (correct and expanded) text that you want to reuse, then highlight it, and select "
[Application you're in] > Services > TextExpander > Create Snippet". This opens up the TextExpander PreferencePane with your desired text added as a new entry, so all you need to do is type the desired abbreviation or triggering text. Fast and easy."
O'Reilly contributor Kevin O'Malley wrote about BBEdit's Unix support back in 2004. That article is an oldie, but a goodie.
Like young upstart competitor TextMate, BBEdit's expandability is one of its most appealing features. Hence add-ons like Todd Ditchendorf's XSLPalette, a set of XSL debugging tools in one handy panel. Or Michael Tsai's Character-level diff, or Joe Brandt's XML tools.
Jan Erik Mostrom wrote a useful little Python script for previewing Markdown-formatted text directly in BBEdit. Entable is a great plug-in for BBEdit or it's little cousin TextWrangler; it does a superb job of turning rough columns of data into nicely presented ASCII tables.
Thanks to John Gruber and AppleScript, you can even implement a Select Word feature if you feel you need one.
DevonThink is a powerful and popular information manager and digital archive application for OS X. Some of these scripts from Eric Fedel might come in handy for advanced messing with your DevonThink databases. They're a mixture of shell and AppleScripts, and are released under a BSD license.
Figure 2. OmniWeb external edit
One of the best things about OmniWeb is that it deals with forms a lot better than most browsers. Every text box has a little control that, when clicked, opens a mini editor within OmniWeb (see Figure 2). It's pretty limited as editors goes, but it's nicer to use than a box embedded in a web page. One day all browsers will have a preference setting to allow your choice of external editor. For the time being, External Editor does the job as an extension in Firefox.
Writer and author Glenn Fleishman offered this snippet of regexp wisdom:
"I'm a long-time grepper and have learned how to use regexp features in most of the software I regularly use. I prefer BBEdit for its robust grep and related search-and-replace features, and when I'm working with text, I immediately go to BBEdit.
I often encounter lists that I'm trying to stick into a database, and thus regexp becomes my friend. For instance, it's very frequent to find something like
[space][space][space]Richard W. Wellperson[tab]234 W. Street[tab]West Futhersold[tab]W.V.[return]
But all you need is the person's name in last, first order. I'll write my little regexp to do
replace with : $1
and then
replace with: $2, $1 "
Figure 3. A quick dictionary
In Cocoa text apps like TextEdit, hitting Option+Escape when you're half way through a word will pull up a list of likely correct spellings for you to choose from. There's no faster way of accessing the built-in dictionary (see Figure 3).
Mike Ferris' TextExtras adds more features in any Cocoa text editing environments (including TextEdit windows or Safari text boxes). I have found it handy for spotting rogue non-ASCII characters in documents.
Michael McCracken's Incremental search plug-in adds very convenient searching to TextEdit and other apps based on NSTextView.
Drag a folder full of files on to Folderlister and it will helpfully spit out a plain text listing of the contents.
Write in blissful isolation with Hog Bay's Writeroom (see Figure 4).
Figure 4. Writeroom writing (click for full-size image)
Using Text2MP3 you can turn your texts into lovely audio files perfect for playing on an iPod.
Split and join files into sizes that make sense for you, with Split+Join.
We've barely scratched the surface here. If you have a particular favorite text trick, plug-in, or hack, please share it with the rest of us via the comments.
Giles Turnbull is a freelance writer and editor. He has been writing on and about the Internet since 1997. He has a web site at http://gilest.org.
Return to the Mac DevCenter.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


text: Home / Card / Menorah Tiny Cards by Snow & Graham Menorah Tiny Cards by Snow & Graham By Snow & graham Out of Stock Notify me when this product is available. $6.00 Add To Wishlist ABOUT Details Ship Time Snow & Graham's Tiny Cards are perfect for Hanukkah gift enclosures. These letterpress Menorah Tiny Cards are printed on beautiful card stock. They come in a set of 6 cards with little manila wallets. Dimensions: 2 x 3.5 inches. Leaves the warehouse in 1-2 business days.

subset: commoncrawl


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PELL CITY, Alabama -- St. Clair authorities say a body found in the Coosa River last week is that of a man they have sought since January.
St. Clair County Chief Investigator Joe Sweatt said dental records matched those of Tywone Caldwell, 25, who witnesses said jumped from the Stemley Bridge early on the morning of Jan. 11.
"They were unable to make a determination as to whether he died of drowning or the impact with the water," Sweatt said. "But no foul play is suspected."
A search for Caldwell's body two months ago involved divers, drag crews and other means over a four-day period for more than a half-mile area around the bridge, with no sign of the man found. Witnesses told authorities Caldwell jumped approximately 55 feet into the water after an argument early Jan. 11, when he got out of a vehicle and leaped.
A fisherman found human remains March 5 along the shoreline near The Yacht Club in Pell City about two miles from the bridge. St. Clair County Undersheriff Billy Murray said last week the fisherman discovered a decomposed body in shallow water about 15 feet from shore.


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Dozens of members of the South Beach community and Staten Island firefighters stood yesterday on the steps of City Hall with protest signs while politicians and union officials in front of them railed against proposed fire company closings that would "put people's lives in danger."
At some point during the drama, one of the elected officials asked, "Haven't we been here before?"
It certainly felt like "déjà vu all over again" ahead of a public hearing on an FDNY budget that recycles some of the toughest proposals of years past: Closing 20 engine companies, including Engine Co. 161 in South Beach (that was last year); reducing the staffing at 60 engine companies from five to four (two years ago), and deactivating all of the street alarm boxes (which then-Borough President Guy Molinari successfully fought to prevent 15 years ago).
"I did not know when we saved the fire companies last year, we would be back again this year and forced to do it all over again," said City Councilman James Vacca (D-Bronx) during the protest rally.
Vacca was head of the Fire and Criminal Justice Services Committee last June, when the Council stepped in and restored $16 million to the FDNY budget to keep the engine companies open. That money runs out with the end of fiscal year 2010, on June 30.
This time, the bill for 20 companies comes to $37.4 million.
And a doomsday scenario in which the state budget remains as currently proposed would put a total of 62 fire companies on the chopping block.
Recently appointed Fire Commissioner Salvatore Cassano, of Huguenot, got an earful from some Council members after his testimony. But unlike his predecessor last year, he did not try to gloss over the effect the closings would have on the city.
"Make no mistake about it: If we close 20 fire companies, every neighborhood will be impacted. Our operations will be severely taxed," Cassano said.
Beside slower response times, the commissioner said the closings would affect the agency's ability to inspect buildings for code violations — the agency's main tool in fire prevention. Without the staff necessary to inspect all the city's buildings, the FDNY plans to implement a "risk-based" inspection system this year, which prioritizes building inspections based on violation severity and history.
The FDNY wants to save another $6 million by deactivating street alarm boxes, which have become virtually obsolete, Cassano said. Last year, less than 1 percent of calls reporting structural fires came from call boxes. Most of the call box alarms — 85 percent — turned out to be false.
"They just tax and tax our resources. I just think when you weigh the difficult choices, alarm boxes, to me, are a much better choice than cutting any more operations than we have to cut," Cassano said.
But the proposal faces an uphill battle. In 1995, Molinari fought the same plan, and helped a deaf and hearing-impairing advocacy group get a court injunction to prevent it. The Council then passed a law in 1996 requiring one call box on every four city blocks. The court order would have to be lifted and the law repealed for the FDNY to do so this time.
Reducing engine company staffing also would require consent of the Uniformed Firefighters Association (UFA), which has fought the proposal tooth and nail in the past.
To generate more revenue, the department plans to hire 24 new inspectors to hand out tickets for unnecessary alarms. According to FDNY figures, 3,000 buildings had three or more unnecessary alarms in 2009. The new fines are projected to bring in an additional $2 million annually.


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We report a heterodyne beat with a linewidth of between two cavity-stabilized quantum-cascade lasers operating at . We also present a technique for measuring this beat that avoids the need for extreme isolation of the optical cavities from the environment, that of employing a third servo loop with low bandwidth to force one cavity to track the slow drifts and low-frequency fluctuations of the other. Although it is not fully independent, this technique greatly facilitates heterodyne beat measurements for evaluating the performance of cavity-locked lasers above the bandwidth of the third loop.
© 2002 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article


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Harry Topalian
- Connect with Harry Topalian
Harry is a Copywriter for RingCentral Creative Services. He comes from a background in San Francisco advertising agencies, including Eleven, Draft FCB and received a Master of Fine Arts in Advertising from Academy of Art University. Hailing from New England, he was an English Literature Major at SUNY Purchase in New York. Attending a university located in close proximity to the fictitious Xavier School for Gifted Youngsters from the X-Men series by Marvel Comics was a thrilling perk for Harry. He's an avid fan of graphic literature and inspired by observing and participating in the development of new technologies, artistic expression and evolution of communications.
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Live Help (Chat Off)
Have Questions? Call us at: 1-877-507-6737
Find unique filler greens like Amaranthus, in bulk quanitites at FiftyFlowers.com! Amaranthus greens are a wonderful way to add in elements of enchantment and romance to your centerpieces. These flowering greens would look stunning combined with garden roses, hydrangeas, and orchids.
Offered in both Upright and Hanging varieties, they also come in Red, Bronze, and Green! Select the color and style that will be perfect for your event!
The best delivery date for Amaranthus greens is 2 days before your event.


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I've heard of guys being propositioned at shipyards for $1 a gallon that "got gone" at night.
This is something that has been bugging the shit out of me for a number of years. I know of, and have heard of many instances where guys are threatened and badly injured for not wanting to get involved in selling fuel from their boats.
With the price of marine diesel what it is, any wonder why it has become such a big business.
Any info from you guys on what measures your company is taking to stop fuel selling?
I've heard of guys being propositioned at shipyards for $1 a gallon that "got gone" at night.
When we are pumping slops in some countries we are propositioned to sell diesel. We never do it, but the guys tell us the foreign flagged ships do it all the time. I have never been threatened over it, but have heard that in some places
It's big in Africa
We got propositioned in India once... the locals were trading one liter of diesel for one liter of moonshine. I shoed them away but, weeks later we found a 55 gallon drum filled with the stuff (one of the motorman must have made the trade at night). Tasted awful.


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I am a Retired TV comedy writer who was nominated for an Emmy and never quite lived up to it. I have always loved and lived with dogs and cats, have never been without a shredded sofa and overturned wastebasket - My TV credits are at: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0074867/
Latest posts by Ted Bergman (see all)
- Dogs! You Don't Want to Hear This From Your Doctor. - October 18, 2016
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Don't let it get away!
Keep track of the stocks that matter to you.
Help yourself with the Fool's FREE and easy new watchlist service today.
BlackBerry maker Research In Motion (Nasdaq: RIMM ) has priced its sleek new PlayBook in the same general range as the now-ubiquitous Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL ) iPad. Though opening-day sales of the Playbook surpassed some initial estimates, analysts still wonder about the future of this impressive yet potentially forsaken device -- a mobile-computing David, up against Apple's Goliath.
Better than expected
The Playbook puts up a good fight technologically, but few legitimately expect the device or the company to topple Apple in the tablet game. Given the rising popularity of competing Apple and Android offerings in the smartphone market as well, is this a reason to worry if you have your money on RIM?
I don't think so. RIM has a lot of competition, but it can level the playing field in the long run. Here's how.
What the competition looks like
RIM faces cutthroat competition in the Tablet PC market. In a recent study by comScore, Apple iOS's market share ranked ahead of that of Google (Nasdaq: GOOG ) Android by 59%, counting its presence on both smartphones and tablets. The outcome is bad news for those players of the tablet PC market, like RIM, who want a share of the Apple pie in this highly lucrative market.
In my mind, the disadvantage for the PlayBook device itself is its small size. On its itsy-bitsy 7-inch screen, all its first-rate apps, security, HDMI capability, and desktop-like Internet accessibility appear belittled. Worse yet, in the race for good-looking gadgets, RIM must compete with more than just Apple.
A few of the notable names fighting for market space in this industry include the Motorola Mobility (NYSE: MMI ) Xoom, the Dell (Nasdaq: DELL ) Streak 7, the Hewlett-Packard (NYSE: HPQ ) TouchPad, the Samsung Galaxy Tab, and the HTC Flyer. With such stiff competition, it won't be easy for RIM or any other player to vie for public acceptance.
The way forward for RIM
In order to keep the revenue coming in, the best alternative I can imagine for RIM is not to go head-to-head with Apple in the same consumer market segment. The PlayBook, although packed with some excellent multitasking capabilities, falls short of the iPad's elusive "cool" factor. Rather than trying to market the PlayBook to tech-savvy hipsters, RIM should focus instead on the business world, which already loves its BlackBerry.
Getting corporate users to buy the PlayBook could be comparatively easy, given the features that allow users to integrate it with BlackBerry smartphones. The PlayBook was planned for corporate users, and I think that's where RIM should concentrate
The highly polished QNX operating system could be another trump card for RIM in its effort to out-Apple the market, giving RIM a number of impressive selling points for which to command a relatively premium price.
You can win
A host of new players will enter the Tablet game in 2011, and the market will heat up for sure. If RIM can successfully curb Apple's competition by appealing to business users, it's definitely on its way to significant profits -- unless, of course, all of those consumers buying iPads start taking them to work as well.
Arunava De does not own shares of any of the companies mentioned. Google is a Motley Fool Inside Value pick. Google is a Motley Fool Rule Breakers choice. Apple is a Motley Fool Stock Advisor selection. Motley Fool Options has recommended a bull call spread position on Apple. The Fool owns shares of Apple, and Google. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


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Servo Magazine (February 2009)
Build The Ultimate Robot: Part 5
By Michael Simpson View Digital Edition
If you are building the Megabot or a similar robot, you should have the base assembled at this point. In this article, we are going to add the electronics that will make our robot move. I'll show you the techniques I used so that you can apply them to your own design...


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What sets Wilson Law, P.A. apart from any other personal injury lawyer in Raleigh NC?
A Raleigh Personal Injury Lawyer with a DifferenceAt Wilson Law, P.A., our lawyers share one vision: to help ordinary people who have been wronged by large entities. We accomplish this through diligent work and personal attention to each case.
Raleigh Attorneys Helping Raleigh's Sick and InjuredIn Raleigh, a lawyer can represent corporations and make a large amount of money. For the lawyers of Wilson Law, P.A. the satisfaction of helping our clients is more important than any big payday.
Whether you've suffered due to the negligence of a health care provider or been hurt in a car crash caused by an irresponsible driver, a good personal injury attorney in Raleigh can help you get the compensation you deserve.
Prepare for Court by Hiring the Best Personal Injury Attorney in Raleigh, NCAt Wilson Law, P.A., we feel that our track record speaks for itself. We have years of experience pursuing claims against large pharmaceutical companies and teams of lawyers from insurance companies. The other side may have deep pockets, but we have a passion for helping others that is priceless.


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All hotels in Istanbul, Turkey
1 room, 2 adults
Sultanahmet Mah Keresteci Hakki Sok, No:17, Istanbul, Istanbul, 34122, Turkey, 1-877-214-4288
Sultan Tughra Hotel - Istanbul
Lowest price
available on 10/30/16
Situated in Istanbul City Center, steps from Mosaic Museum and within a short walk of Hippodrome, Sultan Tughra Hotel is a 4-star city center Istanbul hotel. Staying here, you'll also be within a short walk of Basilica Cistern and Blue Mosque.
Your hotel has a restaurant where you'll find good menu choices for breakfast and brunch. There is also a bar/lounge where guests can enjoy drinks. Free WiFi is available.
Your hotel has a restaurant where you'll find good menu choices for breakfast and brunch. There is also a bar/lounge where guests can enjoy drinks. Free WiFi is available.
See all 134 Venere.com reviews
Fantastic service
Great location
Great amenities
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4.5
From 454 reviews
Sultan Tughra Hotel - Istanbul
Hotel Info: 1-877-214-4288from $30
- Economy Double Room
- Standard Double Room Single Use
- Standard Double Room
- Deluxe Double Room
- Deluxe Triple Room
- Economy Double Room Single Use
- Junior Suit - Spa Bath
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 9 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 4 floors
- Check-in time 2 PM-6 AM
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-in/out
24-hour airport shuttle service is available on request. Contact the property in advance to make arrangements.
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- One child (7 years old and younger) stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding, but may not be eligible for free breakfast
- No pets or service animals allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available on request) *
- Free self parking
- Free nearby parking
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Free buffet breakfast daily
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- 24-hour room service
- Coffee/tea in a common area
Working away
- 24-hour business center
- Conference space
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 2011
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Television in common areas
In the room
Home comforts
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Slippers
Sleep well
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Premium bedding
Things to enjoy
- Individually decorated
Freshen up
- Private bathroom
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
Be entertained
- Satellite TV channels
- DVD player
Stay connected
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Sultan Tughra Hotel - Istanbul's small print
Also known as
- Sultan Tughra
- Sultan Tughra Hotel
- Sultan Tughra Hotel Istanbul
- Sultan Tughra Istanbul
Noise-free guestrooms cannot be guaranteed.
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
This property does not have elevators.
For transfers, guests must contact the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for an additional charge
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of TRY 90,00 per room (one way)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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|Funeral Multimedia
|Video: Soper laid to rest
|Audio Slideshow
They waved American flags, stood at rigid attention or wiped away tears for a family overcome by loss.
About 1,500 people Tuesday crowded into the Lumen Christi Catholic High School gymnasium for Sgt. Matthew Soper's funeral mass. Hundreds more lined Jackson streets, watching silently, as the hearse carrying Soper's body made a somber journey to St. John's Cemetery on E. South Street.
"This man gave his life for our freedom," said Daniel Barnes of Jackson, a leather-clad biker who did not know Soper but rode in the funeral procession with more than 300 other vehicles. "The very least we can do is show our respect."
Soper, 25 died June 6 in Baji, Iraq, when an improvised explosive device hit his patrol vehicle. He was serving his second tour of duty with the Jackson-based Michigan Army National Guard 1461st Transportation Company.
Tuesday, a silent crowd rose to its feet in reverence as his flag-draped coffin was taken through a light rain and into the high school gym. Soper's weeping family walked slowly behind it.
"(Soper) was unique and had that unique place in the family ... and in your hearts," said Reilly, standing at a podium flanked by red, white and blue flowers.
As he and others spoke, men and women dabbed their eyes with tissues. Soper's best friend, Sgt. Derek Eisele, shook with emotion when Reilly referred to him and A.J. Curtis as "brothers" to Soper.
Many who had been able to maintain composure broke down as they viewed a slide show of family photos, accompanied by live acoustic guitar versions of popular country music songs, "An American Soldier" and "If You're Reading This."
Pictures spanning Soper's life -- from a boy with his face smeared with food to a soldier kissing a niece -- had men wiping their eyes.
Toward the end of the Mass, Soper's brother-in-law, Jay Ciokajlo, fought his emotions as he read a poem Soper wrote. Soper's friends found it in his room in Iraq after he died.
An excerpt:
"I am that which others do not want to be.
I went where others feared to go.
And did what others failed to do.
I asked for nothing from those who gave nothing ...
At least some day I will be able to say that I was proud of what I did and who I am."
"He was extreme. He wanted to be extreme in all he did. He did not get lost in a crowd," Ciokajlo said. He was the "life of the party" and "all that and a bucket of chicken to the ladies," he said, drawing laughs from Soper's family.
It was a light moment in an otherwise serious ceremony.
More than 100 military personnel attended the funeral, standing at attention as Maj. Gen. Thomas Cutler awarded Soper with the Purple Heart and the Bronze Star. The Purple Heart is awarded to soldiers wounded in combat. The Bronze Star honors acts of heroism or meritorious service.
When the 1-hour, 45-minute service ended at about noon, more than 200 cars and trucks and about 100 motorcycles made their way along the five-mile procession to the cemetery for a grave-side service.
The family rode in a white recreational vehicle marked with Soper's name on its side as those along the route stood for what amounted to a silent parade for a soldier everyone called heroic.
Among them was Andrea Beeler of Napoleon, whose brother, Marine Lance Cpl. Brent Beeler, 22, was fatally shot in the chest Dec. 7 while on patrol in Fallujah, Iraq. He was serving with a Lansing-based Marine Corps Reserve company.
About 100 feet away, David Kughn, a 59-year-old Vietnam War veteran, stood on the corner of Jackson Street and Washington Avenue tightly gripping a 5-foot American flag and wearing a red, white and blue polo shirt.
"We wouldn't be able to stand out here today and do what we want if it wasn't for them," Kughn said as procession vehicles approached a 25-by-40 foot American flag, waving about 40 feet above Washington Avenue.
The enormous patriotic symbol was strung up near Mechanic Street by Blackman and Spring Arbor township fire department ladder trucks to honor Soper. The flag was loaned to Blackman by the Hot Air Jubilee.
All the support was "wonderful," said Soper's aunt, Sandy Cannons of Jackson. "It just touched the hearts ... I know it meant the world to Shirley and Warner and the kids."
Master Sgt. Bill Bain said in 20 years of military service he has never seen such an outpouring of support. "I was really amazed how this community stepped up."
Bain served with Soper when he toured Iraq in 2004 and 2005 with the National Guard 1462nd Transportation Company, based in Howell.
It always hurts when a soldier dies, he said, his face showing obvious signs of expelled tears. "But he was one of our own ... He was one of the best."
Staff writer Holly Klaft contributed to this story.


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GRAND BLANC TOWNSHIP, Michigan — Police arrested two Grand Blanc teens for damaging two vehicles July 6 between 7:40 a.m. and 8 a.m.
Police were first dispatched at 7:40 a.m. when a caller said she observed two men urinating on a tree in her neighbor's yard in the Wailea Subdivision. The witness told police she saw the pair throwing boards, landscaping concrete and rocks at a car parked in the street, resulting in several dents and a smashed windshield, before driving away at a high rate of speed toward Reid Road.
Police were flagged down at about 8 a.m. by another witness in the 1400 block of Reid Road, who said he saw two men matching the other witness's description throwing rocks at a car, breaking the driver's side window and denting the car.
Police later saw a car fitting the description given by witnesses, with two men inside also matching the description.
Police reported stopping the vehicle and that the driver appeared to be nervous. When asked why he was nervous, he said he was nervous because he had been drinking alcohol the night before and was only 18. Both were from Grand Blanc and 18 years old, according to police reports.
A witness later identified the two men. The driver, whose blood alcohol level measured 0.16 percent, was arrested for drinking under the legal age, drunken driving and malicious destruction of property.
The passenger, whose blood alcohol level measured 0.10 percent, was arrested for drinking under the legal age and malicious destruction of property.


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text: |Redevelopment continues on the Northwest Quadrant, the former Columbia Hospital property across the street from the Sandburg Halls of Residence. The Honors College already has relocated to the building and it has become the short-term home for many Bolton Hall occupants while Bolton is renovated. The College of Health Sciences and the School of Education will be moving much of their operations to the site.


text: Back in January, Chanel Creative Director and professional insane human being Karl Lagerfeld made a stir when he showed his support for a marriage equality law in France. He did so by sending two women in identical wedding dresses down the runway, which solidified his stance on the issue. While at the time Lagerfeld seemed uncharacteristically sane, he has now reminded us just how ridiculous he can be when he puts his mind to it by claiming more or less that if he were allowed to marry his famed cat Choupette, he most assuredly would. "There is no marriage, yet, for human beings and animals...[but] I never thought I would fall in love with a cat like this," said the man famous for losing 93 pounds in less that a year all so he could squeeze himself into a Hedi Slimane-designed Dior Homme suit. Lagerfeld's knack for controversy and unintentional hilarity aside, this statement half sucks considering it's the kind of credence to the slippery slope logic regarding the sanctity of marriage that the right wing loves.


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If you're headed out to Voodoo Fest for the last day of music here's a look at who you don't want to miss:
Janelle Monae, 2:15, Soco/WWOZ Stage
Janelle Monae is back at Voodoo this year for a reason: She chews up a stage as a perpetual motion machine with a voice that is equal parts Judy Garland and Lauryn Hill. Last year, she toured with No Doubt. Her full-length debut album, "The ArchAndroid," dropped in May; it builds on a sci-fi theme she's developed for years.
Blackberry Smoke, 1:15, Sony.MakeBelieve Stage
Blackberry Smoke sports the classic Southern rock accessories: Long hair. Long beards.
Voice of the Wetlands All-Stars, 4 p.m., Soco/WWOZ Stage
Guitarist Tab Benoit recruited musicians from across the south


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Japan Earthquake 2011
Japan has been hit by a terrible earthquake with a magnitude of 8.8 today. Many of the roads and farmland has been destroyed by tsunami and as of this writing, there is a confirmed report of 15 casualties.
If you are in Japan and have internet connection, please help by providing information about other people's location and yours using Google's Person Finder.
PinoyTux Visitors Reach 90k
It's been quite a while since I updated my blog, life keeps getting in the way. It was only today that I noticed that my visits has already reached more than 90,000 visitors. It is not much for most professional bloggers and SEO specialists, but for me it's a milestone. For a blog that rarely gets updated, it is a surprise to know that people even read my blog.
Earth Hour 2009
I encourage everyone to join Earth Hour this coming March 28, 2009. As a symbol of our devotion to protect Mother Earth, let us turn off our unessential lights and appliances to reduce power consumption and carbon emissions for 1 hour.
Earth Hour will start at 8:30 PM localtime. This means wherever you are, Earth Hour will commence at your city's localtime.
Cool Ubuntu-Filipino Wallpapers
I got a few wallpapers made for Ubuntu desktops that are Filipino-inspired while I was Googling for something to blog over the weekend. Luckily, I found more than enough to compile a collection of these Filipino-made wallpapers.
Wallpapers were contributed by members of ubuntuforums.org.
Madonna Decena: Filipino Pride in UK
Madonna Decena is another Filipino with hopes of making it big in her own way in a foreign land. And now is her chance as she sings her way into the hit TV show in UK, Britain's Got Talent.
I found Madonna Decena's story in mindrelaxingideas.blogspot.com while I was dropping entrecard and I was truly touched by her story. Madonna is a 32-year old club singer in UK who left her two girls in Philippines and tries to earn enough money to provide a better life for them. And now is her break as she won the hearts of judges Simon Cowell, Amanda Holden and Piers Morgan when she sang Whitney Houston's I Will Always Love You and made it to the next round.
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A circular path that has been walked for centuries, the labyrinth is a form of walking meditation that may be spiritual or secular, depending on the walker. Watch for a story Saturday on walking the labyrinth.
Meanwhile, organizers have created morning, afternoon and evening opportunities to walk the labyrinth in Portland and Gresham on Saturday. No registration or reservation is required.
- 9:15 a.m. to 10:15 a.m., church parking lot of Unity of Portland, 4525 S.E. Stark St., Portland. Please park on the street on in the lot nearest to Stark to maintain quiet for those who are walking the labyrinth. Bring a cushion or chair if you want to sit for a while before or after your walk. For more information, call Judy Brodkey, labyrinth facilitator, 503-234-1012.
- 2 p.m. to 4 p.m., in the backyard of Mount Tabor Presbyterian Church, 5441 S.E. Belmont St., Portland. The walk is part of the TaborFest celebration. For more information, contact the Rev. Carley Friesen, 503-234-6493.
- 6 p.m. to 8 p.m., at St. Luke the Physician Episcopal Church, 120 S.W. Towle Ave.., Gresham. For information, contact Sandy Stumph, 503-661-0271; or Debbie Kohler, 503-558-9400.
–- Nancy Haught


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January 2010
The beginning of the year is a great time to begin improving your credit score. Start by ordering your free credit report from each of the three major credit-reporting agencies—TransUnion, Experian, and Equifax—by going to www.annualcreditreport.com on the web or by calling toll-free 1-877-322-8228. Carefully check the report and follow the correction process outlined by the credit-reporting agency if you find errors. Wrong information could have a significant impact on your credit score, your ability to obtain a loan, or the best loan rates and terms.
You are likely to have several credit scores and your points will vary depending on which credit-reporting agency you use. Keep in mind your score is intended to predict your future ability to pay off credit you obtain. It is not a report on your employment history, job income, or on what you own. Therefore, you could be a top-notch manager of your family's finances, but this may not have any impact on your credit score.
Your FICO credit score, for example, is based 30 percent on credit utilization, 35 percent on paying your bills on time, 10 percent on the type of debt you have, 10 percent on the number of new accounts you have during a specific time period, and 10 percent on the length of time you have been granted credit.
First, regarding credit utilization, I recently learned my credit score suffered a several-point loss because I use my personal credit card to charge items for work, even though I pay off my balance in full each month. Credit card issuers become concerned if you regularly charge more than 50 percent of your credit limit.
Second, avoid making late payments if you can. Late payments will not only trigger the credit card company to charge hefty fees and raise your interest rate, but it may also cause your credit score to fall if the company reports the late payment right away. Fortunately, most credit card companies won't report until you have missed two due dates.
Third, too many of a certain type of loan—such as a new line of credit with a second mortgage—may trigger a loss of points.
Fourth, you may lose points if you open up a new credit card account or someone else checks your credit report when you open a bank account or even buy a car with cash. These are considered "hard inquiries." However, if you make your own inquiry by asking for your free annual credit report, this is a "soft" request and will not impact your score.
Finally, the longer you have a solid repayment history, the higher your credit score. A good current credit history of several decades may be considered and any closed accounts in good standing will remain on your credit report for 10 years. On the other hand, one late payment could hurt your score for up to one year, a history of late payments could hurt you for up to three years, and a bankruptcy can hurt you for seven years.
Copyright ©2010 Wisconsin Energy Cooperative
All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part
without permission is prohibited.


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MANTUA TWP. — A Deptford man was arrested Thursday night in connection with two robberies.
At 6:22 p.m., police were dispatched to the Heritage's Dairy Store on Route 45 for an attempted robbery.
While officers were interviewing employees, a second robbery was being called in from Walgreens on Route 45, said police. The robber matched the description of the man who'd fled from the Heritage's store, police said.
The man allegedly held his hand under his shirt as if he had a weapon and, in Walgreens, announced, "This is a stick up," said police.
He got an unspecified amount of money from Walgreens, police said.
Officers from Mantua and East Greenwich arrested Bryan K. Clark, 48, of Allegheny Road in Deptford and charged him with two counts of robbery by force and two counts of terroristic threats, said police. He was jailed in default of $30,000 full cash bail.
Police recovered the money stolen from Walgreens.


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Recently, student government members at Alloway Township School did a road cleanup.
They were able to clean trash from local streets in Alloway.
Several pounds of trash were collected from the roadways, leaving the community of Alloway a cleaner, safer place.
Contact the South Jersey Times at 856-935-1500 or 856-451-1000 and email@example.com


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August 27th @ Heaven's Sandlot
Nirvana Nites 11, Elysian Eagles 10 (12)
W - Jose Mendez 4-3
L - Old Hoss Radbourn 5-4
HR - Willie Wells, N (3), John Mize, E 2 (16)
NOTES: The Nites staked Smokey Joe Williams to a 4-0 lead but he could not hold it. The Eagles rallied to head into the bottom of the 9th, with Vic Willis on the hill, with a 10-4 lead but he couldn't hold it. In the extra stanzas, the Eagles had four base runners but failed to score; the Nites had five before Bobby Doerr knocked in the game winner.
Day 5, Table 3 - Survivors: Andrew Carneigie, Frederick Douglass, Francis Marion, Sacajawea, Humphrey Bogart, Elijah McCoy, David Farragaut
Eliminated: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Alexander Graham Bell
Day 5, Table 4 - Survivors: Alexander Hamilton, P.T. Barnum, George Washington, John Jay, Oscar Michauex, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Norman Rockwell, Thomas Nast
Eliminated: Mina Loy (the day one leader)


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Energy Efficiency and Climate Change News
7 December 2012
The IEA's Energy Efficiency and Climate Change News directs you to articles about energy efficiency and climate change issues that are written and owned by others. The selection is intended to be balanced and the views and analysis expressed by the authors of such articles do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the IEA Secretariat or IEA member countries.
General Policy
Industry, business and utilities
Appliances, equipment and lighting
Emissions Trading/Carbon Market
Climate Change Negotiations
General Policy
Climate Change Stand-Off Sparks Concern
A stand-off over how many billions of dollars wealthy countries should stump up to help poorer nations cope with climate change over the next three years is prompting concern that fresh UN climate negotiations may be headed for collapse. A negotiating group of developing countries known as the G77 and China want the Doha meeting to formally agree that industrialised countries produce extra funds totalling USD60bn by 2015 to keep financing on track.
Developing Countries Seek Commitment on Climate Funds
Developing countries are planning to propose a mid-term finance target for 2015, to ensure that the climate finance pledge made by developed countries is guaranteed, said sources at the fourth day of the climate change talks in Doha, Qatar.
Australia Reveals Kyoto 2 Pledge of a 0.5% CO2 Cut
Review Australia's recently released submission under the Kyoto Protocol for its Quantified Emission Limitation or Reduction Objective (QELRO).
UK Pushes Back 2030 Decarbonisation Target
The UK's coalition government ended months of internal rows and agreed key details of its forthcoming draft energy law late on 22 November. The agreement paves the way for the proposal's publication next week. However it says no decarbonisation target will be set until 2016 – after the next election when the political landscape could be much changed.
EU Must Raise 2020 CO2 Target to 30% - German EPA
In a press released on the action needed at Doha, the German Federal Government's climate advisors say the EU should target 30-percent-lower emissions by 2020.
UK Energy Deal Triples Renewables Subsidy By 2020
British government support for low-carbon electricity generation will triple by 2020 after the energy and finance ministries reached a deal to end months of wrangling over costly reforms.
EU Ministers to Debate Post 2020 Green Subsidy Reform
EU energy ministers are poised to seek "non-binding" guidance from the European Commission on reform of green fuel subsidies as part of a debate on new post-2020 policy goals, according to a draft document.
Irish Energy Minister Outlines Presidency Priorities
Efforts to complete the internal energy market will be a major focus of the forthcoming Irish presidency of the EU, Ireland's energy minister Pat Rabbitte told a conference at the International Institute for European Affairs in Dublin on Friday 23 November.
Saving Energy 'Can Buy Time to Seal Climate Deal'
Action on energy efficiency could buy time to secure a global agreement on climate change, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said on Monday 12 November, with the release of the World Energy Outlook 2012 publication which has a special focus on energy efficiency this year.
No Nation Immune to Climate Change: World Bank
All nations will suffer the effects of a warmer world, but it is the world's poorest countries that will be hit hardest by food shortages, rising sea levels, cyclones and drought, the World Bank said in a report on climate change.
Gas-Rich Qatar to Invest Up To USD20 Billion in Solar Energy Plant
OPEC member Qatar will ask firms to tender for a 1,800 megawatt (MW) solar energy plant in 2014 costing between USD10-20 billion as the world's highest per capita greenhouse gas emitter seeks to increase its renewable energy production.
U.N. Advisors Seek USD7.5 Mln to Run Empty Green Climate Fund
The administrators of the U.N.'s Green Climate Fund designed to channel tens billions of dollars of finance to help poor nations combat climate change has asked for almost USD7.5 million to manage the fund, which currently has no money in it, U.N. documents show.
EU Commission Proposes Holding Back 900 Million Carbon Permits
The European Commission on Monday proposed postponing the auction of 900 million carbon emission allowances from 2013-2015 until later in the next phase of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), which runs until 2020.
UK Government Publishes Energy Efficiency Strategy
A transformation in the way energy is used across the UK economy could help boost growth and jobs, and investing in energy efficiency could save up to 22 power stations-worth of energy by 2020, according to the Government's Energy Efficiency Strategy published on 12 November.
Carbon and Energy Taxes Most Cost-Effective Fiscal Measures: Study
Carbon pricing can help European countries to raise revenue and reduce their fiscal deficits more effectively than other taxes, according to a new report published on 19 November 2012 by the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy.
Focus on EU Budget Size Keeps Environment off Agenda
The collapse of the November EU budget talks could prove to be a blessing in terms of green spending, by allowing more time to improve the environmental quality of the package, green groups have suggested.
UNGA Second Committee Approves Resolution on Protection of Global Climate
The Second Committee (Economic and Financial) of the UN General Assembly (UNGA) has approved draft resolution (A/C.2/67/L.43) on "Protection of Global Climate for Present and Future Generations of Humankind." The draft was approved in New York, US, on 28 November 2012.
EU Losing Patience over Poor Implementation
In a lecture on green laws, the head of the European Commission's environment questioned the use of directives to implement EU legislation.
China Pledges USD56 Billion to Cut Air Pollution
China will spend 350 billion yuan (USD56 billion) by 2015 to curb air pollution in major cities, in an effort to be led by local governments, the environmental watchdog said on Wednesday 5 December.
Russia to Set 2020 Carbon Target That Will Let Emissions Rise
Russia plans to set itself a binding 2020 goal for carbon emissions, a top climate change official said on Wednesday - the only problem is it would allow them to rise.
Industry, business and utilities
Nine EU Utilities Call For Binding 2030 Renewables Target
The Coalition of Progressive European Energy Companies calls upon EU Energy Ministers to support continuation of targeted and ambitious renewables policies and measures towards 2030, such as new binding targets. They are argue that such measures, along with the EU ETS and modernising energy infrastructure, are essential to bridge the policy gap between 2020 and 2050, to allow the renewables industry to mature and to reach cost competitiveness.
Investors Call on Governments to Avert Climate Change
The UN Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) has announced the release of an open letter from several of the world's largest investors to governments ahead of the UNFCCC negotiations scheduled to convene in Doha, Qatar, beginning on 26 November. The letter calls for a "new dialogue" on climate change policy to avert dangerous climate change and resulting economic impacts.
Metal, Steel Industries Warn EU Efficiency Laws Could Force Them Out Of Europe
Steelmakers and other metals industries fear that limits the EU is considering imposing on the amount of natural resources they use will push them out of Europe, where environmental regulations are less stringent.
Number of Companies Implementing Power-Saving Measures Growing in Japan
Teikoku Databank, a credit research company, announced on July 4, 2012, the results of its survey on corporate attitudes toward reduction of power consumption in the summer. The target sample size was 22,800 companies nationwide, out of which the number of valid responses was 10,589 (response rate of 46.4%). Over 70% of the companies nationwide reported they had implemented power-saving measures. The most common answer on reducing power consumption was "by less than 10%," given by 40.3% of respondents.
French CCS Project in the Lead For EU Funding
A proposed carbon capture and storage (CCS) project at a mothballed steel mill in France may be the only demonstration CCS project to receive first-round NER300 funding, industry sources fear.
EIB Plans More Climate Bonds for Next Year
The European Investment Bank (EIB) plans to launch a new round of climate bonds early next year, a spokesperson said, after the bonds raised €350m in 2012 for lending to renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in Europe.
Dow Corning Opens Window to Energy Savings
Businesses are increasingly waking up to the benefits of energy efficient buildings, and researchers at Dow Corning have developed smart window technology that has businesses interested.
Appliances, equipment and lighting
Console Makers Outline Energy Efficiency Plan
A self-commitment, rather than a voluntary agreement, would be the best way to reduce the energy use of game consoles under ecodesign legislation, manufacturers said at a stakeholder meeting in Brussels on Friday 9 November.
EC Consults on Four New RoHs Exemptions
The European Commission's environment department is consulting on four new exemptions for the use of toxic substances in electric and electronic equipment. These exemptions are listed in an annex to the RoHS directive.
UN Envoy: Affordable Broadband A Global Challenge
The UN Broadband Commission for digital development has set four targets related to accessibility, affordability and getting online in order to reach the UN Millennium Development Goals. Among these, universal access to broadband seems to be manageable, but affordability is and will continue to be the bigger problem, says Suvi Lindén.
ICAO Launches Green Meetings Calculator
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has released the Green Meetings Calculator to help UN organisations reduce their carbon emissions from airplane travel to meetings. The ICAO Green Meetings Calculator can help facilitate the process of selecting a meeting venue when accounting for the carbon footprint associated with air travel.
EUR 1.3bn EU Funding Call for Transport Projects
The European Commission has launched two Calls for Proposals under the 2012 Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) multi-annual and annual programmes, making €1.265 billion available to finance European transport infrastructure projects in all transport modes – air, rail, road, and maritime/inland waterways – plus logistics and intelligent transport systems, and all EU Member States.
Parliament Endorses Deal on Motorbike Emissions
The European Parliament approved an EU agreement to cut pollutant emissions from motorbikes, three-wheelers and quads in plenary on Tuesday, 20 November.
Chinese carrier orders 60 Airbus planes after EU CO2 retreat
A Chinese airline has agreed to buy 60 EU-made planes in a multi-billion dollar deal clinched less than a fortnight after the EU said it would delay a law to regulate CO2 emissions from foreign flights.
U.S. Launches New Project to Develop Electric-Vehicle Batteries
The Obama administration launched a fresh USD120-million research project Friday, aimed at developing cheaper batteries for electric vehicles, a sector that has faltered despite billions of dollars of prior government investment.
Emissions trading/Carbon market
EU Willing to 'Stop the Clock' on Aviation in the EU ETS
Connie Hedegaard announced on 12 November that the European Union would defer the requirement under the EU Emissions Trading System for airlines to surrender allowances for flights into and out of Europe. This decision follows the very positive discussions that took place last week in the Council of the UN International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) on a global market-based approach to regulating greenhouse gas emissions from aviation.
California Overstated Inaugural Carbon Auction Demand
California's air regulator confirmed that it counted rejected bids when tallying demand for carbon permits at the state's first cap-and-trade auction last month, a calculation that gave market participants the impression that demand was stronger than it actually was.
UK Government to Simplify Corporate Carbon Trade Scheme
The British government will simplify its costly and complex scheme for corporate carbon emissions reduction and will review its effectiveness in 2016, after which it could be scrapped, the UK Treasury said on Wednesday 5 December.
EU Climate Fight Hit by New Record Low Carbon Price
The European Union's leadership in the fight against climate change, already under fire at U.N. talks in Qatar, suffered a further setback on Friday as the carbon market it created to help spur a switch to greener energy tumbled to a record low.
EU CO2 Prices to Rise by 50 Pct Next Year: Orbeo
European carbon permits will rise nearly 50 percent from current levels to average 10 Euros in 2013 if the EU persuades member states to back its auction backloading plan, said an analyst at Orbeo, a subsidiary of Belgian chemical company Solvay.
EUAs Hit 5-Day High on Firmer Energy, Short-Covering
European carbon prices rose to a five-day high above 7 euros on Friday 23 November amid firmer energy prices and as speculators covered short positions ahead of next week, which will see a third less in new permit supply.
European Companies 'Using Emissions Trading To Subsidise Overseas Rivals'
Some of the companies that have complained loudest about the EU's environmental measures are using the EU's Emissions Trading System (ETS) to give money to rivals in other countries instead of cutting their own greenhouse gas emissions, it has emerged.
Korea Warns Carbon Trading Advocates of 'Negative Lobbying and Blackmail'
Carbon trading schemes are fast sprouting across the planet as a market-based way of addressing rising greenhouse gas emissions. But advocates should be prepared for powerful business backlashes, Chang-beom Kim, the South Korean ambassador to the EU, warned a Brussels round table of business leaders and envoys on 19 November.
Govt Indecision Makes EU CO2 Fix a Distant Prospect: Analysts
The EU is unlikely to prop up ailing carbon prices in its Emissions Trading Scheme until late 2013 or 2014 after the bloc's executive body delayed a key vote on the plan, analysts said Friday, citing a lack of government support for the controversial measure.
Climate change negotiations
Climate Cash Debate Rages as Doha Summit Opens
The EU will not commit to renew climate funding which runs out in 2013 ahead of talks at the Doha climate summit, which opened on 26 November. But new climate aid may be announced in the conference's second week.
Key Decisions Elusive As U.N. Climate Talks Near End
Agreement on how to raise billions of dollars in climate aid and extend the world's only treaty that forces nations to cut emissions remained unresolved at U.N. climate talks, just 24 hours before they are due to end.
Kyoto and Climate Finance Major Issues for Doha
UN climate talks in Doha starting on Monday will attempt to make progress on two fronts: pre-2020 carbon cuts inside and outside the Kyoto Protocol, and a global climate deal. But the most pressing deadlines hanging over the talks are the expiry of the protocol and of the "fast start" climate funding scheme on 31 December.
Cash Row Threatens Doha Climate Talks
A row over who will pay for dealing with the accelerating impact of climate change soured U.N. debate in Doha, where a final day of haggling was expected to do nothing to curb greenhouse gas pollution.
UN Calls for Urgency on Climate, Says Doha Deal to Delight No One
The United Nations said on Friday greater urgency was needed to slow climate change and that even success at current low-ambition talks among 200 nations in Doha would delight no one.
GEF CEO Outlines the GEF's Vision at COP 18 Side Event
On the sidelines of the 18th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 18) to the UNFCCC, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) CEO and Chairperson Naoko Ishii met with participants to discuss "GEF 2020," the GEF's long-term strategic vision. Moderated by Robert Dixon, the event highlighted how the Facility intends to mainstream its work "on the ground."
EU Nations Pledge 5 Bln Euros in Aid at U.N. Climate Talks
Four EU member states and the EU Commission on Wednesday pledged to give poor nations about 5 billion Euros next year in part to help them deal with climate change, government officials told Reuters Point Carbon.
Rich-Poor Divide on Finance Threatens Climate Pact Progress
A dispute over whether nations should agree a new collective goal to provide billions of dollars in climate aid to poor countries has bogged down U.N. climate talks tasked with making progress on a new global climate pact and extending the existing Kyoto Protocol treaty.
Saudi Arabia Sees Need to Act on Climate Change
Top oil exporter Saudi Arabia said on Wednesday scientific evidence showed the need for the world to act on climate change, although it stopped short of making any pledge to cut its own emissions.
Australia Outlines Conditions for Joining Kyoto Protocol's Second Commitment Period
Australia's Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Greg Combet, has announced that Australia is ready to join a second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. UN General-Secretary Ban Ki-moon commended Australia for expressing readiness to join a second commitment period, and called on all governments to take decisive steps to address climate change at the upcoming Climate Change Conference in Doha, Qatar.
Washington Weighs Moving Climate Politics Beyond UNFCCC
The US is considering a funnel of substantive elements of the Doha Climate Summit away from the UN framework and into the Major Economies Forum (MEF), a platform of the world's largest CO2 emitters, EurActiv has learned.
U.S. Holds to Climate Goals Despite Poor Nations' Pleas
The United States resisted pledging steeper cuts in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 at Doha on Monday 26 November despite calls by poor nations at the start of a U.N conference for tougher action to avert storms, droughts and rising seas. The current US goal corresponds to a cut of 3-4% below 1990 levels by 2020.
UN: World "Actively Moving in the Wrong Direction" on Climate Change
Even meeting emissions commitment will leave the planet far beyond internationally agreed limits, a UN report released on 21 November finds.
World 2011 CO2 Emissions Up 2.5 Percent: German Institute
Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2011 rose 2.5 percent to 34 billion metric tons (37.48 billion tons), a new record, Germany's renewable energy institute said on Tuesday 13 November.
EU Fails to Fill Cash Gap as Climate Talks Loom
EU finance ministers have failed to deliver firm promises of cash to help poor nations deal with climate change, threatening progress at international talks to tackle global warming later this month.
Scenarios and Sticking Points under the Durban Platform: The Long and Winding Road to 2020
Given the outcomes of COP 17 in Durban, South Africa, and subsequent negotiating sessions in Bonn and Bangkok in 2012, achieving "success" under the newly formed Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) is proving to be a formidable task. Nonetheless, Parties have begun to envision a future where all major emitters may be under the same "mitigation tent."
Group pitches plan to target plant CO2 emissions state by state
The United States can shed more than a third of its carbon pollution by 2025 by giving states the flexibility to use a variety of measures to reduce or offset their emissions rather than setting a uniform national performance standard for existing power plants, a new report by an NGO recommended.
U.N. Keeps Alive CDM Credit Crunch Plan
A plan to drastically curb the supply of carbon offset credits remains on the table going into the final day of two-week U.N. climate negotiations in Qatar.
Kazakhstan Sets Kyoto Cap Ahead Of CO2 Market Launch: Official
Kazakhstan will sign up for the second phase of the Kyoto Protocol with a binding emission target that will allow its emissions to grow significantly, and will in January start a domestic cap-and-trade scheme to help it meet that goal, a government official said Thursday 6 December.
'Hot Air` Could Let Nations Dodge CO2 Cuts until 2026: Study
Countries that have pledged new emission reduction goals under the Kyoto Protocol will on average not be forced to cut their CO2 output for 15 years unless unused carbon rights are cancelled or targets are deepened, according to a study published on 23 November.


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Patent application title: STRUCTURE FOR STOCHASTIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PERSONALIZATION
Lawrence A. Clevenger (Lagrangeville, NY, US)
Matthew E. Colburn (Hopewell Junction, NY, US)
Timothy J. Dalton (Ridgefield, CT, US)
Michael C. Gaidis (Wappingers Falls, NY, US)
Louis L. C. Hsu (Fishkill, NY, US)
Carl Radens (Lagrangeville, NY, US)
Keith Kwong Hon Wong (Wappingers Falls, NY, US)
Chih-Chao Yang (Glenmont, NY, US)
International Business Machines Corporation
IPC8 Class: AH01L2358FI
USPC Class:
257 48
Class name: Active solid-state devices (e.g., transistors, solid-state diodes) test or calibration structure
Publication date: 2008-12-18
Patent application number: 20080308801
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A method of forming a stochastically based integrated circuit encryption
structure includes forming a lower conductive layer over a substrate,
forming a short prevention layer over the lower conductive layer, forming
an intermediate layer over the short prevention layer, wherein the
intermediate layer is characterized by randomly structured nanopore
features. An upper conductive layer is formed over the random nanopore
structured intermediate layer. The upper conductive layer is patterned
into an array of individual cells, wherein a measurable electrical
parameter of the individual cells has a random distribution from cell to
cell with respect to a reference value of the electrical parameter.
1. A stochastically based integrated circuit encryption structure,
comprising:a substrate having an array of individual cells formed
thereupon, each of the array cells including at least one layer therein
formed in a manner so as to result in a nanopore structure of varying
shape and size distribution among the cells;wherein a measurable
electrical parameter of the individual cells has a random distribution
from cell to cell with respect to a reference value of the electrical
2. The structure of claim 1, wherein the array further comprises:a lower conductive layer common to each of the array cells;a short prevention layer, common to each of the array cells, the short prevention layer formed over the lower conductive layer;an intermediate layer formed over the short prevention layer and patterned according to the nanopore structure of varying shape and size distribution, the intermediate layer comprising one of a dielectric layer and a resistive material layer; andan upper conductive layer formed over the intermediate layer.
3. The structure of claim 1, wherein:the intermediate layer comprises a dielectric layer;the lower conductive layer comprises a lower capacitor electrode common to each of the individual cells of the array;the patterned portions of the upper conductive layer comprise upper capacitor electrodes associated with the individual cells of the array;the randomly patterned portions of the intermediate layer comprise a capacitor dielectric associated with the individual cells of the array; andthe short prevention layer comprises an etch stop layer.
4. The structure of claim 1, wherein the lower and upper conductive layers comprise one or more of: Ti, TiN, W, Ta, TaN, Ag, Ru, Rh, Si, alloys, combinations, and multilayer stacks thereof.
5. The structure of claim 1, wherein the lower conductive layer comprises a doped silicon substrate.
6. The structure of claim 3, wherein the intermediate layer comprises one of: SiO2, Si3N4, SiON, SiC, SiCN, SiCNH, SiCH, SiCOH, and fluorosilicate glass.
7. The structure of claim 6, wherein the etch stop layer comprises one of: aluminum oxide (Al2O3), Ta2O5, and a CVD deposited nitride.
8. The structure of claim 2, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a diblock copolymer layer.
9. The structure of claim 8, wherein the diblock copolymer layer comprises PMMA-PS (polymethylmethacrylate-polystyrene).
10. The structure of claim 9, wherein the etch stop layer comprises one of: aluminum oxide (Al2O3), Ta2O5, and a CVD deposited nitride.
[0001]This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/619,196, filed Jan. 3, 2007, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0002]The present invention relates generally to semiconductor device processing techniques and, more particularly, to a structure and method for stochastic integrated circuit personalization.
[0003]Authentication is a very effective means to prevent faking or counterfeiting in the world or commercial transactions. Different means of authentication have been implemented in various industries such as, for example: the use of laser holograms in credit cards, unique water marks or embedded metal threads in monetary bills, and certain types of embedded smart chips in passports or driver's licenses. An underlying mechanism of each of these schemes is the incorporation of unique identification keys for each device or product, the keys being unique in that they are very difficult to reproduce from a statistical standpoint. In principle, the longer the identification key, the more difficult it becomes to crack the key.
[0004]In the case of a semiconductor device, physical features are typically formed through the use of photolithographic patterning and etching of layers, using one or more designed masks with the desired features to be defined in the device layers. However, in order to form a physically unique structure from chip to chip, a specifically designed mask is ordinarily required. In terms of providing a sufficiently secure identification key using unique patterns on a device, the sheer number of individual masks needed to provide a significant number of customized features becomes too impractical a task.
[0005]Accordingly, it would be desirable to be able to form a customized integrated circuit device having randomly distributed features or characteristics such that it is possible to create a secure identification key for an individual chip, and in a manner that is practical and relatively easy to incorporate within existing semiconductor fabrication capabilities.
[0006]The foregoing discussed drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art are overcome or alleviated by a stochastically based integrated circuit encryption structure, including a substrate having an array of individual cells formed thereupon, each of the array cells including at least one layer therein formed in a manner so as to result in a nanopore structure of varying shape and size distribution among the cells, wherein a measurable electrical parameter of the individual cells has a random distribution from cell to cell with respect to a reference value of the electrical parameter.
[0007]In another embodiment, a method of forming a stochastically based integrated circuit encryption structure includes forming a lower conductive layer over a substrate, forming a short prevention layer over the lower conductive layer, forming an intermediate layer over the short prevention layer, wherein the intermediate layer is characterized by randomly structured nanopore features. An upper conductive layer is formed over the random nanopore structured intermediate layer. The upper conductive layer is patterned into an array of individual cells, wherein a measurable electrical parameter of the individual cells has a random distribution from cell to cell with respect to a reference value of the electrical parameter.
[0008]As a result of the summarized invention, a solution is technically achieved in which an a diblock copolymer material is used to pattern and form an integrated circuit array of randomly distributed electrical characteristics, such as capacitance or resistance. The randomly pattered array structure can in turn be used to form a unique cryptographic key for the chip on which the array is fabricated.
[0009]Referring to the exemplary drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several Figures:
[0010]FIGS. 1(a) through 1(f) are cross sectional views of a method for forming stochastic integrated circuit device layer, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0011]FIG. 2 is a plan view of an exemplary m×n array of individual unit cells having randomly distributed capacitance or resistance values utilizing the method shown in FIGS. 1(a) through 1(f);
[0012]FIG. 3 is a histogram illustrating an exemplary capacitance distribution among individual array cells;
[0013]FIG. 4(a) is an image of a relatively ordered nanopore diblock copolymer film, with FIG. 4(b) illustrating the resulting pattern transferred into a sample layer; and
[0014]FIG. 5(a) is an image of a randomly distributed nanopore diblock copolymer film, with FIG. 5(b) illustrating the resulting pattern transferred into a sample layer, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0015]Disclosed herein is a structure and method for stochastically based integrated circuit personalization. Briefly stated, a diblock copolymer material is used to form a mask having an array of randomly distributed nanopore structures. The unique random patterning of the diblock copolymer mask is then transferred into a semiconductor device layer (e.g., a capacitor dielectric layer or resistive material layer) such that individual cells defined within an array of the layer have measurable attributes (e.g., capacitance, resistance) that vary from cell to cell. In turn, the formed array with randomly distributed values from cell to call may be read by support circuitry formed on the device in a manner that generates a unique cryptographic key for the chip. In this manner, a unique key can be formed on each chip without a specifically designed lithographic masking level. In an exemplary application, read and decode functions can be implemented through on-chip decode circuits coupled to the array structure.
[0016]In particular, a semiconductor device layer (e.g., capacitor dielectric material) is patterned using thin film materials with a "self-assembling" or stochastic attribute to create unique arrays on each chip, and combined with on-chip logic circuitry for readout of the key during wafer processing, and to create a long (wide) cryptographic key for security ensuring chip operation. A different key is thus provided on each chip without an associated lithographic masking level of fuse activation. Read and decode is functions may be provided by using on-chip CMOS logic circuits.
[0017]Referring generally to FIGS. 1(a) through 1(f), there is shown a series of cross sectional views of a method for forming stochastic integrated circuit device layer, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1(a), a substrate 100 has a lower conductive layer 102 formed thereon. The substrate 100 may be, for example, a silicon substrate, although other materials are also contemplated. Such other materials can include other types of semiconductor material, but could also include an insulating material such as glass.
[0018]The lower conductive layer 102 may be a deposited material, such as Ti, TiN, W, Ta, TaN, Ag, Ru, Rh, and Si, as well as alloys, combinations, and multilayer stacks thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, a suitable material for the conductive layer 102 is aluminum with an underlayer of Ti, deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD). However, the conductive layer 102 may also be deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), electrodeposition, electroless deposition, or a combination of the same. Alternatively, where the substrate 100 is a semiconductor material, the lower conductive layer 102 may be formed by doping the substrate 100 with a material such as P, As, B, BF2, and Sb, for example. The lower conductive layer 102 may be formed in a continuous fashion across the substrate 100 or, optionally, it may be patterned such that it is formed only in desired regions over the substrate 100. In the event the conductive layer 102 is formed in desired regions over the substrate, such formation could be a subtractive process (e.g., blanket metal deposition followed by etch) or an additive process (e.g., damascene processing through conductive material fill of etched regions from an insulating layer).
[0019]As further illustrated in FIG. 1(a), an etch stop layer 104 is formed over the lower conductive layer 102, followed by an intermediate layer 106 formed atop the etch stop layer 104. In one exemplary embodiment, the stochastic device utilizes an array having a random distribution of capacitance values. In such a case, the intermediate layer 106 comprises a dielectric layer of relatively lower dielectric constant (K) with respect to the etch stop layer 104. For example, in the capacitive embodiment, the etch stop layer 104 may be a material such as a CVD nitride, aluminum oxide (Al2O3), Ta2O5, etc., while the dielectric layer 106 may be a material such as SiO2, Si3N4, SiON, SiC, SiCN, SiCNH, SiCH, SiCOH, fluorosilicate glass, or other suitable dielectric material known in the art. The lower-K dielectric layer 106 may be deposited by CVD, PECVD, ALD, or spin-on processes, and may be thicker than the etch stop layer 104. In an exemplary capacitive embodiment, the dielectric layer 106 is SiO2 deposited by PECVD techniques. Where the array utilizes a random distribution of resistance values, then the layer 106 may be formed from a material used in the formation of discrete resistor components used in semiconductor fabrication.
[0020]A mask layer 108 is then formed over layer 106. The mask layer 108 may include a single layer or multiple layers. However, in either instance, a desired property of the mask layer 108 is that it is a "self-assembling" material such as a diblock copolymer that has the properties of segregating into distinct phases to form patterns smaller than can be established utilizing convention photolithographic approaches. In an exemplary embodiment, the diblock copolymer masking layer is PMMA-PS (polymethylmethacrylate-polystyrene).
[0021]Diblock copolymers are composed of two chemically distinct polymer blocks. When films of diblock copolymers are annealed in an oven, nanometer-scale patterns called "microdomains" can be observed. The stripe patterns result from repulsion between the two halves of each polymer molecule. The width of these stripes is determined by the length of the polymer chains in the film. Initially, the patterns amount to no more than a random dappling of the film. Subsequently, the dark and light regions organize themselves into swirling "fingerprint" like patterns in the film. As time passes, the swirls become smoother and the defects become fewer. In this manner, the film progresses towards a regular parallel stripe pattern due to the system's desire to reach its most stable (i.e., lowest-energy) form.
[0022]However, it should be noted that whereas certain other nanopore diblock copolymer applications specifically utilize the ordered nanopatterns that form over time, the present invention embodiments utilize the randomly formed microdomains of the film. Accordingly, the developed diblock layer 108 having randomly formed microdomains is shown in FIG. 1(b). The resulting mask may be used to directly pattern layer 106, and may additionally include other layers such as a patterning layer, a hardmask and/or a transfer layer. In one embodiment, the diblock PMMA-PS copolymer mask layer is included with a spin-on, silicon-containing antireflective coating (ARC) hardmask or a low-temperature (e.g., <250° C.) silicon oxide or silicon nitride PECVD film. A transfer layer may include an organic spin-on material such as NFC-1400 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber company or SiLK® manufactured by Dow Chemical company. Other mask materials known to one skilled in the art may also be utilized.
[0023]As shown in FIG. 1(c), the diblock copolymer mask pattern is then transferred into layer 106 through a process such as plasma etching (e.g., using Ar, C4F8, CO, and O2, etc). Openings of randomly distributed size and shape are thus formed through layer 106 (e.g., capacitor dielectric material), stopping on etch stop layer 104. The mask material is then removed. Alternatively, it will be appreciated that in lieu of forming layer 106 and patterning the same using the diblock copolymer mask 108, the developed copolymer layer 108 itself could be used as a dielectric layer. In this case, layer 106 in FIG. 1(c) would actually represent the developed diblock copolymer, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process.
[0024]Regardless of the choice of material for layer 106, an upper conductive layer 110 is then formed over layer 106 and into the openings defined therein, as shown in FIG. 1(d). It will be noted that the etch stop layer 104 prevents shorting of the upper conductive layer 110 with the lower conductive layer 102. In the event that a developed diblock material is used as layer 106 itself (and not as a mask for etching of layer 106), then the etch stop layer 104 would more generally be referred to as a "short prevention" layer. As is the case with the lower conductive layer 102, the upper conductive layer 110 may be selected from materials such as Al, Ti, TiN, W, Ta, TaN, Ag, Ru, Rh, alloys and combinations thereof, as well as and multilayer stacks thereof. One exemplary material choice for the upper conductive layer is Al deposited by CVD.
[0025]Referring to FIG. 1(e), the structure is then further processed by masking with conventional photolithography. That is, a photoresist layer 112 is patterned in a manner that creates an array of cells of a defined shape (e.g., rectangular shapes). Then, in FIG. 1(f), the resist pattern is transferred into the upper conductive layer 110 so as to define an array of m×n cells 114 with randomly distributed values of capacitance (or resistance, depending on the selection of layer 106). In the case of a capacitive structure, each physically separated section of upper conductive layer 110 defines a top electrode, the randomly patterned portions of layer 106 beneath the top electrode (as well as the etch stop layer 104) defines a capacitor dielectric, and the lower conductive layer 102 defines a common bottom electrode for all cells 114. A plan view of the m×n array with individual unit cells 114 is illustrated in FIG. 2.
[0026]To take advantage of the randomized nanopore formation illustrated above in a practical fashion, an overall value of unit capacitance (or resistance) may be averaged to obtain a reference. With respect to the individual cells 114, the unit capacitance (or resistance) of any small portion of the array will be distributed in a range. For example, a 1000 μm×1000 μm area of thin film formed with the above described stochastic nanopore formation technique may have a capacitance value of about 20 fF/μm2. However, any given 10 μm×10 μm sub-block (cell) of the overall 1000 μm×1000 μm thin film may have a capacitance value range from about 15 fF/μm2 to about 25 fF/μm2. Conceptually, a capacitance distribution for individually defined cells with a size of 10 μm×10 μm is illustrated by the histogram shown in FIG. 3. As is shown, the individual capacitance values for the population of array cell may be expected to conform to a Gaussian distribution about the normal value of 20 fF/μm2.
[0027]Notwithstanding the use of a relatively high-K, uniform layer as an etch stop layer and a lower-K dielectric layer as a randomly patterned intermediate layer, the capacitance variations from cell to cell are still detectable. If the higher-K etch stop portion of the cell has a unit capacitance Ch, the intermediate dielectric layer can be formed in a manner such that its unit capacitance, Cl, is roughly ten times less than Ch. Thus, for a given array cell that has a patterning ratio of "r," wherein r represents the ratio of removed dielectric area to total cell area, and further assuming that r will vary anywhere from about 0.1 to about 0.4 (i.e., about 10% to about 40% dielectric removal), the capacitance variation of each cell may be estimated through the following expression: (Cl*(1-r)+Ch*r)*A, wherein A is the unit area of the cell. For example, if Cl=100 fF/A and Ch=1000 fF/A, then the resulting capacitance variation range after patterning will be from about 190 fF to about 460 fF, which is easily detectable using CMOS amplifier circuitry.
[0028]Finally, FIGS. 4(a), 4(b), 5(a) and 5(b) illustrate the random nature of a formed diblock copolymer layer. In FIG. 4(a), the diblock copolymer is allowed to progress to a more ordered nanopattern, which is then transferred into a sample layer as shown in FIG. 4(a). However, in FIG. 5(a), the self assembly the diblock copolymer is not intended to result in a regular, replicable pattern. Thus, when transferred into the sample layer in FIG. 5(b), the resulting patterned structure is of a random nature.
[0029]Accordingly, through the formation of such an array structure, a practical means for generating a unique random code is provided. For example, a sense amplifier circuit may be configured to compare the capacitance (or resistance) per unit area of a reference array to that from each data "cell," and thereby generate a binary "1" or "0" for that cell.
[0030]While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Patent applications by Carl Radens, Lagrangeville, NY US
Patent applications by Chih-Chao Yang, Glenmont, NY US
Patent applications by Keith Kwong Hon Wong, Wappingers Falls, NY US
Patent applications by Lawrence A. Clevenger, Lagrangeville, NY US
Patent applications by Louis L. C. Hsu, Fishkill, NY US
Patent applications by Matthew E. Colburn, Hopewell Junction, NY US
Patent applications by Michael C. Gaidis, Wappingers Falls, NY US
Patent applications by Timothy J. Dalton, Ridgefield, CT US
Patent applications by International Business Machines Corporation
Patent applications in class TEST OR CALIBRATION STRUCTURE
Patent applications in all subclasses TEST OR CALIBRATION STRUCTURE
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MASSENA, N.Y. (AP) -- U.S. officials say Canadian border authorities are reopening the Seaway International Bridge across the St. Lawrence River at Massena. The Canada Border Services Agency opened a temporary facility today to handle paperwork and inspections at the base of the north span of the bridge in Cornwall, Ontario.
The Cornwall Island port of entry in Akwesasne Mohawk Territory has been closed since May 31 because of concerns a confrontation could erupt over plans to arm Canadian border guards. The Mohawks have objected to giving the guards handguns. The tribe and Canadian government continue to negotiate a resolution of that dispute.
The U.S. Customs and Border Protection agency says the crossing is the sixth busiest among the 124 along the U.S.-Canadian border.


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STEELTON – People stuffed $1, $20, even $50 bills into a plastic tub in an effort to raise a $1,000 reward for information leading to an arrest in Harrisburg's first homicide of 2014.
Though the fatal shooting of 18-year-old Hasaun "Choppy" Baltimore-Green nearly two months didn't happen in Steelton, organizers of an anti-violence event on Saturday said concerns about crime transcends municipal borders.
"[Violence] affects us all," said Harrisburg Councilwoman Eugenia Smith. "We are one community."
The event was organized by Terrance 'Terry' Slade Sr., whose 28-year-old son died after authorities said he accidentally shot himself in his leg while riding in a car in October.
Slade and Smith were among more than 100 people who marched in the event jointly run by Slade, Mayors Against Illegal Guns and Faiths United to Prevent Gun Violence. It's one of hundreds of rallies planned nationwide for Gun Prevention Sabbath weekend, according to a statement from organizers.
The procession started at William Howard Day cemetery, a location picked, Slade said, because, "they all end up there."
"It's hard for me. He was my baby," said Slade, who singly raised his son and two older daughters – both of whom now live out of state. "I'm in the anger stage of grieving. This is the only thing I can do."
According to authorities, Slade's son, Terrance Slade Jr., was in a car traveling through Highspire on Oct. 29 when he shot himself in his leg and lost consciousness. He was pronounced dead shortly afterward at the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.
Slade has started a foundation in his son's name and at Saturday's march sought donations for the $1,000 Crime Stoppers reward for information about Baltimore-Green's death. Slade estimated they raised about $200, which he planned to turn over to Steelton Mayor Thomas Acri.
In 2013 Harrisburg -- a city of about 49,000 people -- had 17 homicides, making Pennsylvania's capital among the most violent per capita in the state.
Slade's neighbor, Andrea Latham, marched wearing a T-shirt showing the faces of five young men who were victims of violence.
Four were killed – the fifth survived – in shootings in Harrisburg, Steelton and York between 1997 and 2012.
One of the faces was that of her 25-year-old son, Christen, who she said was shot to death in November 2012 in York as he stopped to get something to eat. His killing remains unsolved, Latham said.
"I've got no closure at all," Latham said.
At the end of the rally, speakers voiced their opinions on how to combat the violence in their communities.
Smith stressed the need to get children the mental health services they often so badly need.
Slade and state Rep. Patty Kim, D-Harrisburg, called for harsher penalties for "straw purchasers,'' or those who buy guns to give to another.
Kim, who's seeking re-election, said she's advocating to limit gun purchases to one per person per month.
"Who needs to buy 12 guns at once?" Kim said Saturday. "We're not trying to take guns away from hunters. We're trying to protect our children."