text:
Maximum occusal bite force for children in different dentition stages
This study was carried out to record maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) among different dentition stages in children and to study the relation of occlusal bite force to weight, height, and gender. A total of 1011 children (500 females and 511 males) aged from 3 to 18 years were examined. The subjects were divided into 5 groups according to their dentition stage as the following:- early primary dentition stage (100 males and 100 females, average age was 3.37 ± 0.23 years), late primary dentition stage (104 males and 100 females, average age was 5.86 ± 1.15 years), early mixed dentition stage (100 males and 100 females, average age was 8.15 ± 0.67 years), late mixed dentition stage (100 males and 100 females, average age was 9.97 ± 0.86 years ), and permanent dentition stage (107 males and 100 females, average age was 14.03 ± 2.14 years). Occlusal bite force was measured using a hydraulic occlusal force gauge.
The means of MOBF for the different dentition stages were:- 176 N in early primary stage, 240 N in late primary stage, 289 N in early mixed stage, 433 N in late mixed stage, and 527 N in the permanent dentition stage, respectively. Gender differences were detected in groups 2, 3 and 4. Height and age significantly correlated with the MOBF in all dentition stage groups except group 1.
In conclusion, the MOBF increased with age. Age, gender, and height were significant predictors of the MOBF.
Mastication can be measured by several means, including masticatory ability, efficiency, and performance (Magalhaes et al., 2010). Occlusal bite force (OBF) is one indicator of the functional state of the masticatory system that results from the action of jaw elevator muscles modified by the craniofacial biomechanics (Bakke, 2006). Many studies have been performed to determine the relationship between OBF and masticatory efficiency (Hatch et al., 2001; Gaviao et al., 2007). Hatch et al. (2001) reported that OBF is one of the key determinants of masticatory performance.
Several factors have been suggested to affect OBF measurements, such as age, gender, craniofacial morphology, periodontal support of teeth, signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, and dental status (Kiliaridis et al., 1993; Kovero et al., 2002; Ferrario et al., 2004; Olthoff et al., 2007; Bonakdarchian et al., 2009; Abu Alhaija et al., 2010; Palinkas et al., 2010).
Helle et al. (1983) verified that OBF increases with age from childhood, stays fairly constant from 20 to 40 years of age, and then declines. Usui et al. (2007) found that the maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) tended to increase with age until age of 20 years in males and age of 17 years in females.
It has been reported that MOBF is higher in males than females (Ferrario et al., 2004; Olthoff et al., 2007; Bonakdarchian et al., 2009; Palinkas et al., 2010). Palinkas et al. (2010) reported that among all the age groups (7–80 years), gender was found to be a significant factor associated with MOBF showing 30 per cent higher mean in males than in females. On the other hand, some studies reported no gender differences in OBF measurements (Serra et al., 2007; Su et al., 2009; Abu Alhaija et al., 2010).
The relationship between OBF and craniofacial morphology has been investigated (Proffit et al., 1983; Abu Alhaija et al., 2010). Proffit et al. (1983) found that the mean OBF in the molar region was twice as great in normal as in long-face subjects; short-face subjects generating even higher forces than normal-face subjects. This result has also been confirmed by Abu Alhaija et al. (2010) who reported that subjects with a short face had the highest, while the long-face types had the lowest MOBF.
Malocclusion can negatively affect the masticatory system to process and break down food (English et al., 2002). Fontijn-Tekamp et al. (2000) reported that the number of occlusal units was the most important factor that affected the median particle size of masticatory performance and the swallowing threshold. In one study, only Class III cases showed a low area with corresponding low performance. Henrikson et al. (1998) found better masticatory performance in girls aged 11–15 years with normal occlusion than those with Class II malocclusion. Magalhaes et al. (2010) reported that malocclusion results in decreased masticatory performance, especially as it relates to a reduced occlusal contact area.
Up to our knowledge, the literature is deficient in studies on the magnitude of OBF in the different dentition stages (early primary dentition, late primary dentition, early mixed dentition, late mixed dentition, and permanent dentition stages). The aims of this study were to
report on the MOBF among different dentition stages in children and
study the relation of OBF to weight, height, and gender.
Materials and methods
This study was cross-sectional in design and was carried out between March and June 2011. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST). A total of 1011 children, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, aged from 3 to 18 years of age were examined. An examination form was filled for each subject by the same researcher (MS). Using power analysis, it was calculated that at least 200 subjects in each group were required to detect a medium effect size (0.25 SD) between the five groups at a significance level of 0.05 with a power of 0.99.
The study population included 500 females and 511 males from 3 to 18 years of age. They were randomly selected from kindergartens, private and public schools, and private dental clinics (JUST Dental Teaching Center). The list that contained the names of schools enrolling the required age groups was obtained from the Directorate of Education in Irbid Governate. These schools were categorized into sections according to age. Schools in each section were numbered and those with even number were visited.
The inclusion criteria included the following:
Age above 3 years (completely into language).
Angle Class I molar relationship without an anterior or posterior crossbite or open bite.
No missing teeth in the regions of recording (molar area).
No local pain experienced at the deciduous molars.
No heavily restored teeth on the area of recording.
No gingival inflammation, no periodontal diseases, and no mobility of the teeth.
No reported systemic disease (chronic arthritis) or apparent facial asymmetry that could affect the recordings.
No parafunctional habits, no pathological wearing facits, or any other soft tissue abnormalities.
No temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
The subjects were divided into five groups according to their dentition stage as the following:
Group 1: early primary dentition stage (children who have just completed the eruption of all primary teeth; n = 200, 100 males and 100 females, average age was 3.37 ± 0.23 years).
Group 2: late primary dentition stage (children just before the eruption of the first permanent molar; n = 204, 104 males and 100 females, average age was 5.86 ± 1.15 years).
Group 3: early mixed dentition stage (children after the eruption of the permanent first molars and lower incisors and before the eruption of the permanent lower canines and premolars; n = 200, 100 males and 100 females, average age was 8.15 ± 0.67 years).
Group 4: late mixed dentition stage (children after the eruption of permanent teeth except for the second premolars and/or upper permanent canines; n = 200, 100 males and 100 females, average age was 9.97 ± 0.86 years).
Group 5: permanent dentition stage (children after the complete eruption of permanent teeth excluding third molars; n = 207, 107 males and 100 females, average age was 14.03 ± 2.14 years).
Each child who fullfilled the inclusion criteria received a consent form and an abstract of the study and its goals and method of examination. Those children who returned the consent form signed by their parents were examined. The examination form consisted of two major parts: the demographic data part including the name of the child and the date of birth, height, and weight and the measurement part including the measurement of OBF. The OBF was measured bilaterally in the second primary (subjects in groups 1, 2, and 3) or the first permanent (subjects in groups 4 and 5) molars region (according to the dentition stage) using a portable occlusal force gauge (GM10; Nagano Keiki, Tokyo, Japan; Figure 1). Subjects were seated upright without head support with the Frankfort plane nearly parallel to the floor. The OBF gauge consists of a hydraulic pressure gauge and a biting element made of a vinyl material encased in a polyethylene tube (Sakaguchi et al., 1996). Before the recording, subjects were trained to perform their highest possible OBF. Some behavioural difficulties were faced especially when taking the OBF measurements for children in groups 1 and 2. Children who did not manage to bite as instructed were excluded. OBF was measured alternately on the right and left sides with a 15 second resting time between each bite. Subjects were instructed to bite three times as hard as possible on the gauge without moving the head. The highest value of the three OBF measurements per side was recorded as the MOBF for that side. The mean value for the right and left sides was considered as the subject's MOBF and used in the analysis.
The null hypothesis
MOBF measurements are not affected by the dentition stage.
Method error
All examinations were performed by the same examiner. To quantify the method error, 25 subjects (five from each group) received the examination two times in two different occasions. Dahlberg's formula (Dahlberg, 1940) and Houston coefficient of reliability (Houston et al., 1983) were calculated for the MOBF measurement. Dahlberg error was 5 N and Houston coefficient of reliability was 88 per cent.
Statistical analysis
Data were coded and entered using Microsoft Excel 2007 program and then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 16.0) software and then the statistical analysis was done. Descriptive statistics were performed for height, weight, age, and MOBF. Independent t-test was used to detect gender differences. Analysis of variance test using Bonferroni tests were used to detect any differences in MOBF between the different dentition stages. Regression analysis was used to detect the effect of gender, weight, and height on MOBF. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05.
Means and standard deviations (SDs) for the height, weight, and age for children in each group are shown in Table 1. The means and SD for the MOBF measurements in each group in respect to gender are shown in Table 2. Gender differences were detected in the late primary and the mixed dentition stages' subjects. Results of the regression analysis are shown in Table 3.
|Height (cm), mean (SD)
|Weight (kg), mean (SD)
|Age (years), mean (SD)
|Height (cm), mean (SD)
|Weight (kg), mean (SD)
|Age (years), mean (SD)
|Height (cm), mean (SD)
|Weight (kg), mean (SD)
|Age (years), mean (SD)
|Early primary dentition stage
|107.75 (6.27)
|19.54 (3.85)
|3.40 (0.20)
|104.81 (4.81)
|18.12 (2.45)
|3.34 (0.24)
|106.28 (5.77)
|18.83 (2.74)
|3.37 (0.23)
|Late primary dentition stage
|117.87 (5.87)
|22.27 (3.22)
|5.96 (1.19)
|117.35 (6.79)
|22.39 (5.01)
|5.77 (1.11)
|117.61 (6.33)
|22.32 (4.19)
|5.86 (1.15)
|Early mixed dentition stage
|127.69 (7.82)
|26.95 (10.59)
|8.13 (0.72)
|125.89 (8.22)
|27.20 (5.62)
|8.18 (0.61)
|126.79 (7.72)
|27.07 (5.36)
|8.15 (0.67)
|Late mixed dentition stage
|138.82 (6.87)
|36.07 (10.24)
|10.38 (0.61)
|133.55 (8.22)
|32.42 (8.66)
|9.57 (0.89)
|136.18 (8.00)
|34.64 (9.65)
|9.97 (0.86)
|Permanent Dentition Stage
|165.09 (11.71)
|60.45 (11.60)
|14.01 (2.08)
|156.01 (7.57)
|52.30 (10.85)
|14.05 (2.21)
|160.71 (10.90)
|56.51 (11.94)
|14.03 (2.14)
|Gender differences
|MOBF (N), mean (SD)
|MOBF (N), mean (SD)
|Mean (SE)
|MOBF (N), mean (SD)
|Early primary dentition stage (group 1)
|182.85 (74.84)
|169.04 (66.53)
|13.81 (10.01)
|175.94 (70.97)
|Late primary dentition stage (group 2)
|255.15 (89.30)
|225.01 (93.81)
|30.15 (12.82)*
|240.37 (92.56)
|Early mixed dentition stage (group 3)
|314.24 (105.24)
|264.28 (93.50)
|50.02 (14.08)***
|289.28 (102.41)
|Late mixed dentition stage (group 4)
|454.17 (90.91)
|411.07 (80.12)
|44.21 (12.19)***
|432.62 (88.15)
|Permanent Dentition Stage (group 5)
|522.34 (80.34)
|531.36 (92.72)
|9.02 (12.04)
|526.70 (86.45)
|Pearson's correlation coefficients
|Regression analysis
|Standardized coefficients
|P values
|Stage 1
|Stage 2
|Stage 3
|Stage 4
|Stage 5
Group 1: early primary dentition stage
MOBF was positively correlated with height (r 2 = 0.123; P = 0.041) and with weight (r 2 = 0.144; P = 0.021). This implies that children with increased height and weight had higher MOBF. However, regression analysis revealed insignificant correlations (r 2 = 0.025) between MOBF and the dependent variables.
Group 2: late primary dentition stage
In this stage, significant correlation was detected between MOBF and gender (r 2 = 0.163; P = 0.01), height (r 2 = 0.174; P = 0.007), and weight (r 2 = 0.138; P = 0.025). Regression coefficient (r 2 = 0.056) indicated weak correlation between MOBF and the studied variables. However, the set of beta-coefficients, after adjusting for the effects of other variables, suggested that only gender has an effect on MOBF (P = 0.022).
Group 3: early mixed dentition stage
MOBF was significantly correlated with gender (r 2 = 0.245; P = 0.000), height (r 2 = 0.280; P = 0.000), and weight (r 2 = 0.138; P = 0.025). Regression coefficient (r 2 = 0.124) indicated good correlation between MOBF and the studied variables. However, the set of beta-coefficients, after adjusting for the effects of other variables, suggested that gender (P = 0.002) and height (P = 0.002) have the strongest effect on MOBF.
Group 4: late mixed dentition stage
MOBF significantly correlated with gender (r 2 = 0.250; P = 0.000), height (r 2 = 0.182; P = 0.005), and weight (r 2 = 0.186; P = 0.004). Regression coefficient (r 2 = 0.083) indicated weak correlation between MOBF and the studied variables. However, the set of beta-coefficients suggested that only gender (P = 0.003) has an effect on MOBF.
Group 5: permanent dentition stage
In this stage, MOBF was significantly correlated with height (r 2 = 0.276; P = 0.000) and weight (r 2 = 0.219; P = 0.001). Regression coefficient (r 2 = 0.110) revealed weak correlation between MOBF and the studied variables. However, the set of beta-coefficients suggested that in this stage, height (P = 0.002) has the strongest effect on MOBF followed by gender (P = 0.006).
Differences between the different groups
MOBF was affected by the dentition stage. Figure 2 shows the means plot of the MOBF for the different dentition groups in males and females. MOBF increased with progression in dentition groups, with the highest difference found during transition from early mixed to late mixed dentition stage (mean difference was 143.34 N; Table 4).
|Mean difference
|Groups 1 and 2
|Groups 1 and 3
|Groups 1 and 4
|Groups 1 and 5
|Groups 2 and 3
|Groups 2 and 4
|Groups 2 and5
|Groups 3 and 4
|Groups 3 and 5
|Groups 4 and 5
Figure 3 shows the means plot of the approximate age in years in relation to the MOBF for males and females. MOBF in males keeps increasing from age 3 to 5 years, followed by a major significant increase for age 6 years, dropping from 6 to 7 years of age, to start increasing again throughout the ages from 8 to 18 years of age. In females, MOBF increases from age 3 to 5 years, followed by a significant increase for age 6 years and stays stable from 6 to 7 years of age. An insignificant drop occurs from 7 to 8 years and then it starts increasing again.
A number of interrelated factors such as occlusion, the architecture of the occlusal surfaces, the presence of dental diseases, and the intermaxillary space affect the measurement of the OBF. Furthermore, OBF values can be directly influenced by the accuracy of the measuring apparatus itself (Kamegai et al., 2005). In this study, a hydraulic pressure gauge was used with a biting element encased in a plastic covering. The accuracy of this OBF gauge has been previously reported (Nakano et al., 1994; Sakaguchi et al., 1996).
The means of MOBF in this study were comparable with other studies (Rentes et al., 2002; Kamegai et al., 2005). However, Kamegai et al. (2005) reported higher OBF in female subjects. These differences could be related to the different classification of the subjects and naming of the study groups, in addition to difference in sample size and racial differences.
The findings of this study indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between MOBF and the dentition stage. This relation could be related to the development of the masticatory system and masticatory muscle and improvement of masticatory efficiency throughout the different dentition stages. This relation was significantly noticed by the transition from the early mixed to the late mixed dentition stage when comparing each dentition stage with its succedaneous stage. This result is in agreement with Sonnesen et al. (2001) who reported a positive relationship between MOBF and increasing stages of dental eruption in children aged 7–13 years. This finding may be explained by the increase in the number of occlusal contact during transition through the different dentition stages. Fontijn-Tekamp et al. (2000) suggested that masticatory performance will improve as the number of occlusal contacts increases.
The results of this study confirmed that MOBF increases with age. This was in agreement with other studies that reported the positive correlation between age and OBF (Kiliaridis et al., 1993; Braun et al., 1996; Kamegai et al., 2005; Pereira-Cenci et al., 2007; Usui et al., 2007). On the other hand, Braun et al. (1995) reported that MOBF did not correlate well with age, and this could be related to the sample, which consisted of adults between the ages of 26 and 41 years. The effect of age was significant through the different dentition stages from the late primary till the permanent dentition stage, which was in agreement with Kamegai et al. (2005) who concluded that the mean OBF increased through the various stages of development from 3 to 14 years of age. The decline in OBF could be explained by that the newly erupted teeth (permanent molars) require time to be functional and so, bite force starts to increase again after 8 years of age.
In agreement with other studies (Olthoff et al., 2007; Bonakdarchian et al., 2009), the results of this study showed that OBF was affected by gender. Among the different dentition groups, males registered higher MOBF, except for the last group (permanent dentition group), in which females had a higher MOBF. However, these gender differences were not significant in the early primary and permanent dentition stages. This was in agreement with Su et al. (2009) who reported insignificant relationship between gender and MOBF in children of early ages and Abu Alhaija et al. (2010) who found no gender differences in OBF measurements in adult subjects. On the other hand, the result of this study was in disagreement with Sonnesen et al. (2001) who concluded that gender is not related to OBF in children aged 7–13 years and Serra et al. (2007) who reported no gender effect on OBF in children from 6 to 9 years of age. However, both studies were based on small sample size using a pressurized tube transducer for OBF measurement.
In this study, both weight and height showed a significant positive but weak correlation with the MOBF. These results were in agreement with Rentes et al. (2002) who concluded that the body variables (height and weight) are of low influence on bite force, indicating that only 6 and 5 per cent variability in MOBF could be explained by the weight and height, respectively, in children aged 3–5.5 years.
On the other hand, Su et al. (2009) reported that height and weight have no relationship with MOBF in children from 4 to 6 years of age. Although their study was based on a comparable sample size as this study, the difference could be related to the different device used for the OBF measurement. Furthermore, Koç et al. (2011) reported that body mass index (BMI; weight/height2) had no direct effect on MOBF. However, the use of BMI in their study to detect the effect of height and weight in a relatively small sample size (34 subjects) may have masked their effect.
Limitations of this study include facing some behavioural difficulties, especially when taking the OBF measurements for children in groups 1 and 2. Some got fatigued quickly; others needed to repeat the test as they opened their mouth before getting the maximum measurement. Also, the device used in this study had a plastic covering that could be considered hard to bite, making it difficult to measure the bite force accurately in younger children.
On average, MOBF for the different dentition stages were 176 N in early primary stage, 240 N in late primary stage, 289 N in early mixed stage, 433 N in late mixed stage, and 527 N in the permanent dentition stage.
MOBF increased with age.
Age, gender, and height were significant predictors of the MOBF.
The study was supported by Deanship of Research/Jordan University of Science and Technology (223/2011).
- © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
DAPHNE, Alabama -- With the latest phase of the Lake Forest subdivision resurfacing project slated to wrap up soon the city is ready roll into the next $2.5 million phase thanks to a state grant.
At its last meeting, the City Council gave its final nod of approval for $2 million in funding through the Alabama Transportation Rehabilitation and Improvement Program, or ATRIP, with the city responsible for a $500,000 match to cover Phase 3 of the project that will ultimately resurface and repair nearly eight miles of streets.
Since the early part of 2011 paving and road improvements have been ongoing in the state's largest subdivision. Phase 1 paved the entrances on U.S. 90 and Lawson Road with portions of Bayview Drive and Ridgewood Drive being resurfaced around those access points. In total 2.5 miles were covered in that phase.
The second phase encompasses Bayview Drive from Bel Air Circle to the Tiawasee Creek Bridge and Ridgewood Drive from Meadowbrook Circle to Worchester Drive -- a total of 1.2 miles. While rain has slowed down the contractor, Asphalt Services Inc., work is expected to be finished by next week. The last part of the project is the actual resurfacing as the project requires road and drainage repairs, concrete work such as median curbing, and landscaping.
The contract ran out Tuesday, July 23, so ASI is being assessed more than $1,000 in penalties each day until it's complete, according to Daphne Public Works Director Richard Johnson.
Aside from the missed deadline, Johnson said Phase 2 has gone smoothly.
"It has gone very well and for several reasons," he said. "Our citizens of Lake Forest have kind of figured out how the construction works and how it proceeds, and they understand that there are some inconveniences. But the end result is that we're making those improvements so I would say that this project has gone as smoothly as you could ask and we learned a lot from the first phase. And we've been fortunate having two real good contractors thus far."
Mobile-based Hosea O. Weaver & Sons Inc., the contractor for Phase 1, will be back for Phase 3. It entails resurfacing 1.9 miles along Bayview and Ridgewood drives from Rolling Hill Drive to Dunbar Loop. Work is expected to begin after Labor Day and should be complete sometime in the spring. Weaver has 110 working days to finish.
After that's done the city should be ready to roll into the $1.7 million Phase 4 portion as it received news Wednesday that it was awarded another ATRIP grant. State funding will cover $1.27 million of the project that will repave the remaining portion of Ridgewood Drive and Windsor Drive to the North Main Street entrance.
After those main boulevards are repaved, Johnson said the city will focus on all of the side streets.
Residents who are interested in receiving weekly updates of the Lake Forest work by email are asked to contact Daphne Public Works at email@example.com.
Updated at 7:45 a.m. Thursday, July 25, 2013, to correct information regarding Phase 3.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Trail is not a Trail
by Gary Snyder
I drove down the Freeway
And turned off at an exit
And went along a highway
Til it came to a sideroad
Drove up the sideroad
Til it turned to a dirt road
Full of bumps, and stopped.
Walked up a trail
But the trail got rough
And it faded away—
Out in the open,
Everywhere to go.
In some primitive past, before the use of the wheel, people followed game tracks through grasslands and woodlands on foot. They shared the same degree of directional freedom that animals have. I did this as a child in East Africa: followed game trails through the bush. Small and lithe, I was able to finesse myself through tight spaces, stooped close to the ground.
When the wheel becomes the norm of human movement, though, we need roads in some form or another. But when four footed animals provided the motive power, these roads could be–and often were– narrow and rutted. The cobblestones of the European spring cycling classics shows how minimal such roads could be: rough enough that cyclists often use the dirt or grass verges as smoother alternatives to the cobbles themselves.
When the internal combustion engine and the bicycle wheel become the norm (these developments happened at the same time) not only do we need roads; we need macadamed roads, smooth roads. Unlike those drawn by four hooved animals, vehicles with motor driven tires need to keep these rubber donuts in touch with the surface they are traversing. Furthermore, expectations of speed go up as motorized wheeled vehicles become the norm.
Then, in the logic of human development, some of these roads eventually become multilane highways, divided highways, divided limited access highways, and finally freeways and interstate highways. All this is an understandable evolution: what works for 5 miles per hour does not work for 30; and what works for 30 miles per hour does not work for 75 or 80.
Such roads can only be created and maintained by powerful, sophisticated, and centralized governments, institutions with the power to tax, legislate, penalize, and maintain. These powers all go together and build off of each other and require a dense commercial and financial tax base to be viable. But the roads they build also help create that commercial and financial base: think of the network of interchangeable fast food restaurants, gas stations, truck stops, and (especially in New Mexico) Indian casinos that dot the US interstate highway system. Furthermore (and this is harder to imagine; out of sight, out of mind), think of how many small communities have died because the new interstate bypassed them fifty years ago. The Southwestern US is dotted with such hamlets along the old Route 66, full of crumbling buildings with roofs caved in. Highways are not merely passive reflectors of preexisting realities; they shape geographic, economic, and social facts on the ground.
What this means is that roads and money have a chicken and egg relationship, one that alters over time. They bring money into the settlements (not necessarily communities) that themselves spring up to take advantage of the traffic and hence money that passes along these asphalt ribbons. Soon most human movement becomes dictated by these expensive, technologically impressive roads. Furthermore, what happens in physical geography equally takes place within human mental ecology.
The larger roads no longer exist by a kind of local consensus, a development of local geography, local needs, and preexisting trails. Instead, they exist when some immense centralizing power deems that it is in its own financial or political interests for them to go along a certain path, between certain places. The interstate system of the United States–its official name is "Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways" partly came into existence because of Cold War fears, and to ease the movement of troops and war materiel in the case of military need. In other words, they are a direct product of what Eisenhower called the "military-industrial complex."
And similarly we, the road users, are more and more channeled along paths that are preordained for us. Not only do the literal roads take us to and from work do this; so also the financial paths that undergird the roads themselves guide, force us even, along preordained paths that we might not otherwise choose. In a world that is complex, we become ever more embedded within this complexity that is geographically distant, beyond us and equally beyond our control.
The more complex our society, the greater our material rewards: this is the promise that the voices of concentrated capital and industrial progress have made again and again over the past few hundred years. Their promise is no doubt true in large part: more people own more than ever before. But what seems equally true is that we pay a price for these riches in our freedoms. To a degree that might surprise our ancestors, we now traverse only preselected, preordained paths, both metaphorically and literally. Progress; yes; but there's a real price paid for all this ease and convenience.
The modern world is supposedly about sheer individual freedom. But when we look at the infrastructures (both physical and mental) that this form of freedom requires, perhaps it's more accurate to note that instead, we have amazing ranges of choice within the narrowest of narrow corridors: that, of the 360 degrees possible geometrically, we can now traverse whichever of the five or ten degrees that society has dictated are possible in whatever way we like.


text:
Legendary DJ Frankie Knuckles, "The Godfather of House Music," Dead At 59
Several sources are reporting that DJ Frankie Knuckles, one of the pioneering figures in modern dance music, is dead at age 59. The official cause of death hasn't been determined, but some reports suggest it was from complications related to Type II Diabetes, according to NY Daily News.
After making a name for himself at New York's legendary Continental Baths in the early 1970s, Knuckles moved to Chicago to spin at The Warehouse where he quickly became the city's preeminent DJ. "House" music eventually evolved into its own genre, and Knuckles' name became synonymous with the vibrant Chicago sound. Knuckle's soon became known as "The Godfather of House Music." He reworked music by Michael Jackson, Diana Ross and other important musicians and won a Grammy Award in 1997 as Remixer of the Year.
More to come as story develops.
Watch the video for his anthemic "The Whistle Song" below.
Hopefully, just a really BAD taste April fools…
It's been reported in the Chicago Tribune.
not another one
Can I be REALLY gay here for a second?
Just a creepy coincidence that on the Episode of AB Fab where Patsy's sister came to visit I think they were going to go out to a party where Frankie Knuckles was DJing. (Or am I misremembering that episode?)
Now the woman who played Patsy's sister, and Frankie Knuckles died a few days apart. I'm thinking that Saffy finally lost it and may have killed them.
Didn't even think of that! you may be right, I hope you are.
Type II diabetes at 59?
Sad news. Was he gay?
So very sad! He was one of the best DJs of all time. RIP, mix master Frankie Knuckles!
LEGEND! Thanks for the music and memories, Frankie. XO


text:
SALEM — It's snowing again in Salem.
But this brief hit today from Old Man Winter won't be anything like the fast-moving but intense Wednesday-Thursday storm we saw this week.
The National Weather Service forecast calls for snow showers through this afternoon with accumulations of around an inch.
The temperature today expected to rise into the mid 30s, limiting new accumulation on treated roadways and sidewalks. The snow is expected to be over by evening.
The next chance of a substantial storm will come on Wednesday when there is a chance of snow and a wintry mix of sleet and rain, the Weather Service says.


text:
Will "The Simpsons" be canceled?
The actors who provide the voices for Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and the rest of the principal characters are facing a 45 percent pay cut to keep the show going. If they don't reach an agreement, the 23rd season currently airing on Fox will be the last.
Currently the actors receive $440,000, each, per episode. The studio reportedly wants to reduce it by 45 percent to $250,000 per episode for the show to continue. The actors offered to accept cuts to $300,000 per episode, in exchange for back-end payments they don't currently receive, but 20th Century Fox TV rejected the offer.
The actors in the contract dispute are Dan Castellaneta (who voices Homer, Grampa Simpson, Krusty the Clown), Julie Kavner (Marge), Nancy Cartwright (Bart), Yeardley Smith (Lisa), Hank Azaria (Moe, Chief Wiggum and Apu), and Harry Shearer (Mr. Burns, Principal Skinner, Ned Flanders). According to Reuters, they have a deadline of noon Friday to decide if they'll take less money.
"There's six different people and six different personalities," a person familiar with the actors' position told TheWrap on Thursday. They're reportedly discussing plans amongst themselves before making a decision.
Even if the six actors agree to the pay cut, "The Simpsons" could still soon be canceled. An unidentified studio executive said that new episodes of the show are no longer profitable for the network and, even with a pay cut, next year's potential 24th season could still be the show's last.
Fox released a statement earlier this week: "23 seasons in, 'The Simpsons' is as creatively vibrant as ever and beloved by millions around the world. We believe this brilliant series can and should continue, but we cannot produce future seasons under its current financial model. We are hopeful that we can reach an agreement with the voice cast that allows 'The Simpsons' to go on entertaining audiences with original episodes for many years to come."
A decision is expected today.
Since its debut on December 17, 1989, "The Simpsons" has become the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running animated series on television. Is it finally time to say goodbye? Would you miss the show if it's canceled?
» The Daily Beast: Money Dispute May End 'Simpsons'
» Entertainment Weekly: 'Simpsons' producers agree to pay cuts
» Washington Post: 'The Simpsons' actors contract negotiations take a twist


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Results tagged ' Humberto Cota '
First roster cuts, lineups vs. NYY
The first roster trim came down and there were no surprises. Most of the top prospects were sent to the Minor League camp. Here's the list:
Optioned to Class AA Carolina was 1B Yonder Alonso; reassigned to minor league camp were C Humberto Cota, C Chris Denove, INF Todd Frazier, C Devin Mesoraco, OF Drew Stubbs and INF Chris Valaika…the Reds have 56 players remaining in camp.
Reds lineup:
Dickerson CF, Gonzalez SS, Bruce RF, Phillips 2B, Barker 1B, Encarnacion 3B, Nix LF, Hanigan C, Bankston DH
Masset – P
Yankees lineup:
Gardner CF, Damon LF, Nady RF, Matsui DH, Ransom 3B, Molina C, Miranda 1B, Berroa SS, Pena 2B
Chamberlain – P
Obviously, this will be a good test for Gonzalez's knee to finally play the field. Look for a story postgame on that. More later once the Reds' bus arrives at Steinbrenner Field.
6pm Update:
- Dusty Baker said that Gonzalez would play four or five innings at shortstop tonight.
- 3B Edwin Encarnacion said his left wrist felt better after he took BP on Monday. Encarnacion has been sore since a check swing the other day.
"But I tried to stay with a pitch inside, that's what hurt me more," Encarnacion said.
- 1B Joey Votto is on a flight that should land in Sarasota tonight but Baker said he's giving him Wednesday off. The team has a scheduled off day on Thursday, which gives Votto two days to regroup after the World Baseball Classic.
"With traveling and his family and Toronto, I'm sure he's probably exhausted," Baker said.
- RHP Johnny Cueto is OK after twisting an ankle on Sunday. He did his running on Monday.
Here's what Baker said about the roster moves. Three of the players (Alonso, Mesoraco and Stubbs) were the organization's last three first round picks.
"They're all good players. They're good young men at the same time," Baker said. "They worked hard, did what was asked of them. It was a matter of ABs getting tight. We're going to get some guys back [from the World Baseball Classic]. They all got pretty good look-sees, especially for the first big league camp for most of them. Most guys don't get that many ABs and innings."
- The decisions were all made before Monday's game. Chris Valaika hit a grand slam vs. the Phillies and Yonder Alonso hit a homer to center field, his first of spring. A fan retrieved the ball and returned it to Alonso.
"You hate to send them out when they did something so spectacular. I was hoping Stubbs would hit one out," Baker said. "I'd rather have them go out on a high note."
Sunday's cornucopia
Nothing like forgetting to set your alarm to drop a jolt into your morning. I woke up at 7:15am on my own. I usually pick up fellow writer Hal McCoy to ride over to the complex at 7:30. So I had to cut some corners to get going but we still made it on time.
And because of that, here is your daily roughage of Reds news:
After a lousy 2008 where he was cut from two teams, outfielder Jacque Jones is hungry to prove himself. He got laser eye surgery and played winter ball in Mexico to find his stroke. He hit well down there.
"I wasn't under contract with anybody. No one told me to go anywhere," Jones said of winter ball. "I knew what I needed to do to play the game. I've never needed anyone to send me in the right direction for things I needed to do. I know what it takes."
Jones is only 33 years old, which to manager Dusty Baker, means there should be plenty left.
"Jacque can play," Baker said. "He can play all three outfield positions. He can run. He hustles. He had a down year last year just like [Jonny] Gomes. But they have some track record of excellence. Just because you fall down for a while doesn't mean you're through, especially at the ages of those guys."
More on that on MLB.com/Reds.com later Sunday. In other news:
Baker said he hasn't decided if SS Alex Gonzalez will play in the first exhibition game on Wednesday. Gonzalez is still doing well but the club is taking it easy with him as I wrote yesterday. During the season, the manager said Gonzalez would likely hit seventh or eighth because there is too much running on his left knee needed for him to bat second.
It's possible that catcher Ramon Hernandez could get some time at first base to spell Joey Votto against a tough lefty. It would also open up some chances for backup Ryan Hanigan.
Non-roster catcher Humberto Cota finally straightened out his visa issues and reported to camp. It will be a short stay since Cota is expected to leave to play for Mexico in the WBC.
The Dominican Republic classic squad asked the Reds on Saturday for the services of pitching prospect Pedro Viola.
The Reds will have enough pitching for Tuesday's intrasquad game to last five innings.
Between now and Wednesday's Grapefruit League opener at the Rays, Baker still has some things he'd like to get done — namely sliding drills.
"You probably get more injuries sliding than any other thing," he said. "We have cut-off relays, pop-ups. You never get everything in because there are not enough days before the games. You try to get the most important stuff done early and add on as you play the games."
Also highlighted was a comparison between the current camp location and the future one in Goodyear, Ariz.
"One drawback with Florida vs. Arizona is teams out there are so close that you can do a lot of your fundamentals and take your batting practice before you go [to road games]," Baker said. "You just go play the game. Here with the length of some of the trips, you're lucky to have batting practice at their park. That's about it. You do your work only at home games. Arizona, you work every day, home or road."
And in the "they said it" department: Pitchers and infielders were working on situational stuff on a practice field. After Francisco Cordero was given a runner on first, two-out scenario, David Weathers was handed a runner on second with nobody out.
"You think that's a sign of things to come?" joked Weathers.


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Besides yourself, a vet is the most important person in a dog's life, his or her surrogate parent and second best friend. Because going to the vet is never a fun walk in the dog park picking the perfect vet is crucial. It is important to find a vet that both you and your dog will feel comfortable with, can talk to and trust. Sniffing around for the best possible care for your pets will help your pet live a long, healthy and happy life and give you a piece of mind. Here are few tips on choosing the right vet:
1. Word of Mouth. Nothing beats a personal recommendation so ask someone you trust for their vet suggestions.
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Victoria Lewis struck out four batters in the final two innings of relief work in the circle and picked up the victory for Moody as the Blue Devils rallied to defeat Briarwood Christian, 4-3.
Moody (21-11) tied the game in the bottom of the fifth inning with a lead-off HR homer from Kayla Stephenson, then manufactured two more runs in the inning with two sacrifices by Mallory Lewis and Bailey Adams scoring two more runs. In the bottom of the sixth, Heaven Jackson reached first on a passed ball/strikeout and then stole second. Stephenson then drove home the winning run with an RBI single. Stephenson wound up going 2-for-3 with two RBIs, and a solo HR.
Briarwood starter Linley Splawn struck out the first 12 batters she faced, but took a no decision. Morgan Reed took the loss for the Lions, but struck out three in two innings. Reed also went 2-for-4 with a double and Ashlyn Boyd went 2-for-3 with and RBI.


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Rachel Raney, Producer
Rachel Raney works on independent nonfiction films and documentaries for public television. In addition to Livermore, she also produced and directed Toll Collector, a series of eight short films about the oft-maligned transportation workers. She co-produced two PBS documentaries: Presumed Guilty and The Celebrity and The City. Previously, Raney was a production manager and associate producer for the Center for Investigative Reporting, Inc., whose award-winning documentaries air regularly on the PBS series Frontline. She has worked on several Frontline documentaries including The Best Campaign Money Can Buy, The Heartbeat of America and Public Lands/Private Profits. She is currently working as the coordinating producer for the public television series, Frontline World.
David Murray, Producer
David Murray is a photographer, filmmaker, and musician, as well as the art director at Video Arts, a San Francisco post-production facility. He has created the opening sequences and graphics for several documentaries and television programs including the ITVS series Digital Divide, KQED's Intensity TV, Emiko Omori's Rabbit in the Moon and ZDTV's The Site. Murray's independent documentary films include collaborations with Rachel Raney including Livermore and Toll Collector, as well as several in-progress portraits of San Franciscan eccentrics.


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A presentation by W&L Professor Lucas Morel. The Lewis G. John Term Professor and head of the Politics Department, Lucas arrived at W&L in July 1999 from Siloam Springs, Arkansas, where he had taught from 1994 to 1999 at John Brown University and the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville. He received his education at Claremont McKenna College and the Claremont Graduate School. His teaching and research interests are American government, political theory, Abraham Lincoln, and black American politics. He also serves as a pre-law advisor for the undergraduate university at large. Lucas is president of the Abraham Lincoln Institute, trustee of the Supreme Court Historical Society, and board member of the Abraham Lincoln Association. In the 2008-09 academic year, he was the Garwood Visiting Research Fellow at the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University. He also teaches in the Summer Masters Program in American History and Government at Ashland University in Ashland, Ohio, where he also serves on the board of advisors. He has written for the Los Angeles Times, Christian Science Monitor, First Things, and Richmond Times-Dispatch, and is currently writing a book entitled "Lincoln, Race, and the Fragile American Republic."


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The 25,000+ square feet display just debuted today at the Dallas Cowboys stadium. It's the world's largest video screen.
The massive display weighs 600 tons, is 55 metres long and 22 metres tall. It's made of 10.5 million LEDs. When replays are shown, they are automatically made into slow motion. More than ten minutes of direct exposure will render a Dallas Cowboys cheerleader sterile. Every fan featured on the screen will get a million dollars deposited into an account of their choice. You can see it in motion here. [Dallas News]


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|Bom (1,444 avaliações)
Localização do estabelecimento Red Lion Hotel Port Angeles fica na região central de Port Angeles, a apenas alguns passos de Feiro Marine Life Center e Port of Port Angeles. Este hotel na praia fica bem perto de Olympic National Park Visi...
Academia de ginástica Animais permitidos com pedido prévio. Podem ser cobradas taxas extras. Ar condicionado Bar/Lounge Business center Check-out express Estacionamento Instalações para reuniões
Não-fumante Piscina Restaurante Serviço de quarto Serviços de lavanderia Wi-Fi
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 96% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 69% O atendimento é razoável.
Quartos: 56% Os quartos são razoáveis.
Bom 8.0
21 jun 2016
The location with a harbor-front view is exceptional.
4 jun 2016
Bed was soft and comfortable. Staff was nice. 24 hour desk. Great downtown location. Large room.
Upon walking into any hotel room I take a washcloth with warm water and wipe the bathroom floor. This tells me just how well the housekeeping standards are. Walking to get the washcloth the floor was sticky. And as expected the white cloth turned dark brown with dirt, hair, and other filth. There is a heavy layer of dust on the bathroom vent, light fixtures and the track of the closet doors. All of the hanging fixtures in the buildings 3 lobbies uas dust and dusty spider webs. The old toilet has a tank tilted 15 degrees to the right and every 20 minutes it would run. When the water runs its very loud. I had to stuff my ears with the cheap rough tissue. The doors no longer close completely and have large gaps under them. Therefore, you can hear everything in the hallway; housekeeping yelling to one another (one of them was constantly yelling for Justin, very sick, coughing like crazy.. Like I would want to sleep in one of the rooms she was cleaning), doors slamming and rattling, people talking quietly, and a TV across the hall. To top it off, in my case, the noisy family next door in the adjoining room who woke me up several times starting at 5:30am. These doors pose a serious safty issue in the event of a fire. All of the rooms would fill with smoke because of they no longer seal properly. These doors are designed for fire safty. However, because these doors are not sealed properly the fire and smoke will enter the rooms around the doors. The door hardware is at least 30 years old and failing. The handle on the inside was very loose and warn out. As is the brass finish. The property does not feature an indoor pool or espresso cafe as stated online and in the room. When I check in I told the front desk clerk I needed a late checkout at 12:30 because I was there for my dad's funeral and needed the extra time to prepare. Just before noon the sick housekeeper came to my door stating I was supposed to checkout at 11. I informed her of my needs. She apologized. The iron was full of deposits which stained my shirt. The old tub didn't have any sort of non-slip coating, nor was there a mat to use. As a result I ended up falling and huring my knee once the soaped up. I had no time to hang around to complain or ice my knee.... I had to find a place to buy a new shirt and get to the funeral at IBC by 1 pm. All in all.. This hotel is a great candidate for a gut renovation or tear down and build new. This used to be the best hotel in Clallam County. They way the main building is designed with three separate sections joined by large lobbies, it would be very smart to close off two sections in the pff season to gut renovation or tear down (adding underground parking to turn the current parking area into a beautiful resort style courtyard with pools, spa, snack bar......). This is a large and prime piece of waterfront properly that is under utilized and on its way to closing if not rehabed or rebuilt.
|Bom (132 avaliações)
Localização do estabelecimento Quality Inn Uptown, em Port Angeles, fica a apenas alguns minutos de Port of Port Angeles e Feiro Marine Life Center. Este hotel fica bem perto de Parque de Diversão de Port Angeles e Olympic National Park V...
Animais permitidos com pedido prévio. Podem ser cobradas taxas extras. Armazém disponível Business center Estacionamento
Não-fumante Serviços de lavanderia Wi-Fi
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 94% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 92% O atendimento é de primeira.
Quartos: 65% Os quartos são razoáveis.
Ruim 2.0
20 set 2012 Enviado por dismal
the experience was dismal and I will not book again at Quality Inn I made a last minute decision to travel and on the day before our stay I booked for a room for one night . Since the confirmation stated that payment would not be collected until arrival , I felt that I could make this reservation knowing that our plans were tentative. Our plans changed and the very next day , which was the day of arrival, I called to cancel the reservation in the early afternoon. I expected no difficulty cancelling since the reservation had just been made. I was still charged for the stay even though I had called to cancel . The manager was completely unwilling to consider the circumstances that led to this cancellation. I will never again reserve a room at a Quality Inn
Regular 4.0
3 fev 2011 Enviado por srtraveler
An old motel...our room was in the annex across the street from the office. The first room we were assigned was dirty and there was moldy food in the refrigerator. Moved to a different room which was okay but not great. The place is badly in need of new carpet. Complimentary breakfast was adequate.
|Excelente (444 avaliações)
Localização. Olympic Lodge fica em Port Angeles. Atrações do hotel. Olympic Lodge possui uma banheira de hidromassagem, uma academia e piscina de temporada. O acesso de cortesia à internet de alta velocidade, com e sem fio, está disponível...
Academia de ginástica Ar condicionado Business center Instalações para reuniões
Piscina Restaurante Wi-Fi
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 96% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 90% O atendimento é de primeira.
Piscina: 94% Excelente piscina.
Excelente 10.0
25 abr 2016
Clean and comfortable and great place to stay for the bike race!
No complaints
Bom 8.0
31 mar 2016
Very comfy bed
It's basically like a Best Western and a nice lodge hotel had a baby. It's nothing special, but it's comfortable, clean and does the job.
|Bom (446 avaliações)
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 91% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 90% O atendimento é de primeira.
Quartos: 48% Os quartos não são bons.
Excelente 10.0
27 jul 2016
Bright, comfortable and very clean room. I especially appreciated the bed linens.
Bom 6.2
6 jun 2016
Inexpensive, but you get what you pay for... They do offer free wifi though.
No AC, no bathtub, no bathroom fan
|OK (641 avaliações)
Localização do estabelecimento Days Inn Port Angeles, em Port Angeles, fica em um local conveniente para Peninsula Golf Club e Olympic National Park Visitor Center. Este hotel fica bem perto de Feiro Marine Life Center e Port of Port Ange...
Animais permitidos com pedido prévio. Podem ser cobradas taxas extras. Ar condicionado Business center Estacionamento Instalações para reuniões
Piscina Playground Serviços de lavanderia Wi-Fi
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 86% A localização é muito boa.
Serviço: 64% O atendimento é razoável.
Quartos: 41% Os quartos não são bons.
28 ago 2016
Like: convenient location, it had a shower, bed, fridge, microwave, in-room coffee. The lobby staff people were very nice. It was less expensive than nicer places in town.
Didn't like: carpet and upholstered chair were very dirty looking. Our request for a table to work at was ignored. The cleaners didn't clean the coffee pot or make up the bed. (That last really amazed me. I've never stayed anywhere and not had the bed remade daily even if the sheets weren't changed.)
Bom 6.2
19 ago 2016
Conveniently located near downtown Port Angeles. Booked a room for my wife, son, and I the day before, and this was the least expensive motel with a pool. The pool and hot tub were small but pleasant after a warm summer day. It was nice to have a small fridge in the room, and the free breakfast included some deliciously fluffy waffles.
The beds and pillows were not the most comfortable. Once you got past the waffles, the breakfast was mediocre; no protein options, either meat or egg.
|Bom (866 avaliações)
Localização do estabelecimento Super 8 Port Angeles Wa, em Port Angeles, fica em um local conveniente para Peninsula Golf Club e Olympic National Park Visitor Center. Este motel fica bem perto de Feiro Marine Life Center e Port of Port An...
Academia de ginástica Animais permitidos com pedido prévio. Podem ser cobradas taxas extras. Ar condicionado Business center Check-out express
Estacionamento Instalações para reuniões Não-fumante Serviços de lavanderia Wi-Fi
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 93% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 90% O atendimento é de primeira.
Quartos: 52% Os quartos são razoáveis.
Ruim 2.0
28 ago 2016
Very poor
Bom 7.4
14 jul 2016
Cherry was the bomb!
|Excelente (12 avaliações)
Ao lado de um campo de golfe, Sea Cliff Gardens Bed & Breakfast é uma excelente opção de estadia em Port Angeles.Os extras grátis incluem Wi-Fi, estacionamento sem manobrista e café da manhã completo diariamente das 8h30 às 9h30.Este Bed an...
Aluguel de bicicletas Ar condicionado
Estacionamento Wi-Fi
Resumo dos comentários
|Bom (606 avaliações)
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 97% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 91% O atendimento é de primeira.
Quartos: 73% Os quartos são bons.
Excelente 10.0
27 jul 2016
We stayed 4 nights at this place and would definitely stay here again if we pass through again. The place is older but very well kept and maintained. The rooms are spotless. The bed was also good and reasonably firm, in good shape. It is also convenient walking to grocery and restaurants. The owner and family are friendly and helpful.
Excelente 9.4
2 jan 2016
The room was very clean and comfortable
Parking seemed low
|Bom (568 avaliações)
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 93% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 92% O atendimento é de primeira.
Quartos: 55% Os quartos são razoáveis.
28 jun 2016
Reception desk very nice. Overnight stay to board the ferry in the morning. Clean, comfortable and continental breakfast. Very convenient.
Excelente 9.1
27 jun 2016
Rooms were clean, bed was nice, hotel is within walking distance to many things in the Port Angeles area. Room had a refrigerator & microwave which came in handy. Daily Continental breakfast with fresh fruit. Staff were helpful and friendly. For a motel it is high on our list to stay at again. MN
Breakfast area was a little small, but we ate in our room most of the time so wasn't a big deal to us.
|OK (377 avaliações)
Aproveite sua visita a Port Angeles hospedando-se em Holiday Lodge.Os extras grátis incluem Wi-Fi, estacionamento sem manobrista, e o café da manhã continental é servido diariamente.Quartos têm conveniências como geladeiras e micro-ondas
Animais permitidos com pedido prévio. Podem ser cobradas taxas extras. Estacionamento Não-fumante
Serviços de lavanderia Wi-Fi
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 63% A localização é aceitável.
Serviço: 66% O atendimento é razoável.
Quartos: 21% Os quartos são péssimos.
3 ago 2016
Quick access to Olympic NP, which is where we were heading the next morning.
There were a few things that made this feel like a poor choice: We were on the road all day before arriving, and admittedly arrived late around midnight, but this is not the first time travelers have arrived late to a motel or hotel. The person who greeted us when we rang the doorbell at the front desk was not wearing a shirt. Then it was not possible for them to give us a key until the next morning. The room seemed clean enough, but the bathroom HAD NO DOOR. I'm close with my fiancé but I think everyone could use a little separation for the bathroom. The person who showed us to the room also told us there would be coffee starting at 6am, which we were looking forward to before hopping back in the car, but at 630am the office was still closed with no one is sight. The room was clean enough and the bed was comfortable for a night of sleep but overall not the greatest experience.
|Bom (260 avaliações)
Localizado a 1,6 km das balsas de Port Angeles, este motel americano oferece recepção 24 horas e quartos com WiFi gratuito. Para sua comodidade, um estacionamento gratuito está disponível. Todos os quartos do Aircrest dispõem de TV de tela...
Animais permitidos com pedido prévio. Podem ser cobradas taxas extras. Ar condicionado
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 92% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 78% O atendimento é bom.
Quartos: 43% Os quartos não são bons.
Regular 3.4
27 ago 2015
The location to the Ferry was good.
The bed was small, the hotel was old and needed to be updated. I was glad I was there only 1 night.
|Bom (401 avaliações)
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 86% A localização é muito boa.
Serviço: 98% O atendimento é de primeira.
Quartos: 59% Os quartos são razoáveis.
Bom 7.7
21 ago 2016
Reasonably priced rooms in Pt. Angeles (less than $200) for four were hard to find the weekend we wanted. The Royal Victorian is a mom-n-pop property, originally from the golden days of road travel and the motor hotel. It is trying very hard to make a good comeback. The freshly painted exterior in yellow and purple with flower boxes is cheerful and welcoming. The super nice staff were a highlight. We were both greeted and sent off at check out with a bottle of water for each member of our party (4) and a few road snacks at check out, too (pretzel bags and granola bars). Desk staff took time to highlight the ferry schedule for us and recommended local beaches when I asked. The motel was walking distance from the pier, restaurants, and the water. The municipal indoor swimming pool is nearby as well and is a nice and inexpensive facility for a family to use. Our 2-room suite was reasonably clean, with a working microwave and mini-fridge, and had been recently painted. It was fine for what we needed, a crash-pad overnight as we had a weekend away from Seattle. I knew not to expect more, so the Royal Victorian was exactly what I thought it would be.
As I said, the hotel is making a comeback. While the completed improvements and effort are obvious, there are still projects to be done, and fixtures and furniture to be replaced/updated to finish the refurb. Even with updated wall covering and shower/tub surround, the bathroom really showed its age, as did the little efficiency kitchen. Our room was on the road side of the motel with windows facing the highway, and the road noise was audible, even with the windows closed. We coincidentally arrived on the hottest weekend of the summer, and the AC unit was not adequate to cool the room before sundown -- it was also blocked by a dresser and TV. The second room had no fan or cooling unit at all. After sundown, we were able to get a bit of a breeze with open windows and the room was then comfortable enough to close for the night to mitigate the road noise. Wi-Fi was spotty and an unsecured network. Not bad for a quick overnight, but I'm not sure I'd use it for a longer stay where I expected to be in the room a lot.
Excelente 10.0
15 ago 2016
Good place, nice ppl at reception.
|Bom (215 avaliações)
Ótima opção para sua estadia em Port Angeles, Uptown Inn fica a apenas 6,5 km do aeroporto. Os hóspedes que curtem agito podem aproveitar trilhas para caminhada/bicicleta nas proximidades, e os extras grátis incluem café da manhã completo...
Animais permitidos com pedido prévio. Podem ser cobradas taxas extras. Business center
Estacionamento Wi-Fi
Resumo dos comentários
Bom 8.0
23 jun 2016 Enviado por Verified Hotel Guest
The staff was friendly and the room was very clean.
Air conditioning would be nice, but I did not expect it for the price that I paid.
Excelente 9.0
4 jun 2016 Enviado por Verified Hotel Guest
Close to a lot of cool shops and the beach.
The room we stayed in, 106, kind of had a urine smell.
|Bom (385 avaliações)
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 88% A localização é muito boa.
Serviço: 90% O atendimento é de primeira.
Quartos: 59% Os quartos são razoáveis.
17 jun 2016
Walls are very thin. Bring a sound machine or make sure there is a big fan in the closet that you can use as a sound machine - can hear people talking in adjacent rooms even at normal indoor voices
Bom 8.0
18 abr 2016
Staff was very friendly!
|nenhuma avaliação
|Excelente (33 avaliações)
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 100% Local maravilhoso.
Serviço: 100% O atendimento é de primeira.
Quartos: 100% Os quartos são excelente.
Resumo dos comentários
Localização: 99% Local maravilhoso.
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Yuna just finished her SP at Korean Nats
(unofficial) world record
Can't wait to see the video!
Yuna just finished her SP at Korean Nats
(unofficial) world record
Can't wait to see the video!
Nationals inflation, I admit. But still nice.
Yes, she was clean in the short.
So many PCS9 in this season's Nats.
It looks like a appropriate score for Yuna.
Korean judges don't tend to give inflation score before, but this time there is a little, but yuna kim was doing very great just now, very smooth
And remember: 80 points without the spiral sequence and with reduced GOEs compared to the pre-2010 period!
Wow. I was blown away by her performance. What a true champion. Nice farewell gift from Korea to be sure, but I honestly do not think she was that overscored. So happy
Technically she was very strong. I think I prefer the presentation from Golden Spin a bit better, she had some extra charm that day. I think maybe she was a bit nervous this time, but it could just be my imagination.
Congrats Yuna! That was an excellent skate and job well done.
Can't wait for the lp, yuna, you are on the right track, don't give yourself to much pressure, enjoy!
This should silence the doubters and give Yuna confidence.
It's kind of funny, after she finishes her programs this year, she looks different than last season. She has a kind of relieved, giddy expression at times.


text: PopCap Two online companies' IPOs bode well for Seattle's tech biz scene By Bellamy Pailthorp • Apr 22, 2011 Ben Margot / AP Listen Listening... / "Initial Public Offering," or I-P-O, is a buzz term that was talked about a lot in the boom years of the late 1990s – especially in Seattle, where lots of high-tech startup companies were thriving at that time. They've been pretty scarce lately. But they may be coming back.


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I enjoyed reading it and really appreciate the fact that it was in the paper. I am passionate about the pro-life issue, but I also love articles that tell people about specific ways they can get involved in their community.
Rachel Georgeson, Federal Way
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Library officials bring plans for a larger branch to Vashon
The future of Vashon Library has begun to take shape.
Architects and library system staff will share three initial proposals for the footprint of the expanded library at an open house on Thursday, April 15 — the first official opportunity for the public to weigh in on the future look of the structure.
The designs are quite preliminary and entail only which direction the expansion should extend from the current library — north, west or both, said Kay Johnson, King County Library System's facilities development director. Designs for potential building materials or appearance haven't yet been completed, she said.
"It's time for people to let us know what they're interested in in a new library," she said. "We're asking people to walk through, look at the designs and give comments."
Following the open house, library design staff will compile Islanders' comments into pro-and-con lists for each of the footprint options and decide which one to proceed with, she said.
Staff and architects will be influenced by Islanders' comments as they move forward with the library's design — its outer appearance, interior and layout, said Donna McMillen, the KCLS library cluster manager who oversees Vashon.
The April 15 meeting is "an opportunity for community members to speak directly with the architects and design coordinators," McMillen said.
Two days before the library open house, KCLS staff will attend a Vashon Park District board meeting to discuss the impacts the library expansion could have on Ober Park, Johnson said. Islanders are invited to that meeting as well.
The park district and library system signed a lease earlier this year to permit the library to be expanded at Ober Park, after much discussion and contention in the community.
County library officials, frustrated by the process with the park district, decided last year to move the library to the former K2 manufacturing site south of town but changed their minds after an outcry from the community.
Now, library staff are committed to a branch expansion, which will add about 4,000 square feet to the 6,000-square-foot structure. The $6 million expansion of the Vashon branch, funded by the passage of a 2004 bond measure, now lies mostly in the hands of architects, library staff and, hopefully, Islanders, said Bill Ameling, a longtime Vashon Park District commissioner.
"All the libraries they've built in King County are beauties, so I'm thinking they're going to do a really good job here," Ameling said. "We are hoping we will be included and consulted on how it looks."
Islanders who have worked to see the library expanded at Ober Park said they're glad KCLS is seeking community input about the construction project. Next week's library-sponsored open house is the first of two public comment meetings the library system plans to hold about the construction project.
"They promised to listen to us," said Deirdre Petree, Vashon Friends of the Library president. "I hope people will be civil at the meetings and not have Island suspicion. Just assume that these guys are doing the best job they can and will give us the most beautiful library they can."
Others, though, frustrated that the library system has rejected their requests to play an even bigger role in the design process, remain skeptical about the outcome of next week's meetings.
Bonnie de Steiguer, who chairs a Vashon-Maury Island Community Council committee on the library, urged caution when dealing with library system officials.
"The community should not take these meetings for granted," she said. "Their expectations of what an expanded library should look like may not match with what KCLS is planning. ... People should come to the meetings. We'd like them to listen to our input."
Public meetings
A Vashon Park District board meeting will be held at 7 p.m. Tuesday, April 13, at Ober Park. Library officials will attend, and the branch expansion will be discussed.
The library open house sponsored by King County Library System is from 6 to 7:30 p.m. Thursday, April 15, at Ober Park.
Those who cannot attend an upcoming meeting about the library should send comments to King County Library System at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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My Rising Stars portfolio celebrates socially responsible investing. So why did I choose benevolent shoemaker Timberland (NYSE: TBL ) as my debut buy recommendation earlier this month, instead of similarly saintly Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (Nasdaq: GMCR ) ?
After all, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters has racked up years of appearances on the "100 Best Corporate Citizens" list (compiled first by Business Ethics, then CRO and Corporate Responsibility Magazine). Back in 2006, it was even named the best corporate citizen, beating out Timberland, which came in at No. 6. In 2007, Green Mountain became the first company to earn the list's top spot for two years running.
Subsequent changes to the annual list's methodology meant that Green Mountain dropped off the list for a while. This year, it returned at the No. 39 mark, and ranked within the top 10 in the food and beverage category.
Green Mountain's obviously much more than the company behind Keurig's single-cup brewers, or a major rival to Starbucks (Nasdaq: SBUX ) , Peet's (Nasdaq: PEET ) , and Caribou (Nasdaq: CBOU ) . The company continues to focus on the environmentally friendly and socially progressive efforts that have long been part of its operations. Green Mountain can proudly boast about distributing fair-trade coffee, pursuing initiatives to decrease its carbon footprint, encouraging employee volunteerism, and running programs to help reduce poverty and hunger.
But for all its admirably far-sighted policies, Green Mountain's success as an investment may be far less sustainable. Over the years, I've been bearish on Green Mountain not only for its generally high valuations, but also because the company's acquisitive nature made its financial statements difficult to read. (Simple, easily understood investments provide a great way to stay out of trouble in the stock market.)
Worse yet, the company's sparkling image may not extend to the cleanliness of its accounting. The Securities & Exchange Commission recently started an inquiry into Green Mountain, apparently concerned about how the company books its revenue. Although the company hasn't been charged with anything, even the possibility of some sort of impropriety should encourage investors to pass on Green Mountain for now.
Environmental initiatives are great, but responsible investors should focus first and foremost on the quality of a business and its operations. If today's small concerns become tomorrow's major problems, unwary investors could suffer. That's why Green Mountain didn't make the first cut for my Rising Stars portfolio.


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[Previous] | [Session 11] | [Next]
M. Holman (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Grav (Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, U. Oslo), B. Gladman (Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur)
Roughly 40 transneptunian objects with large semimajor axes (a>50 AU) and eccentricities (e>0.4) have been identified since the discovery of 1996 TL66 (Luu et al. 1997). This scattered disk population, first predicted in the numerical integrations of Torbett (1989) and Torbett and Smoluchowski (1990) and later studied extensively by Duncan and Levison (1997), not only contains a substantial fraction of the mass of the transneptunian region but also serves as a reservoir of material to be delivered to the interplanetary region. For the scattered disk to be an effective reservoir, a fraction of its population must be long-lived. As pointed out by Duncan and Levison (1997), while the median dynamical lifetime of an object from first Neptune scattering is a mere 4.5 x 107 years, 1 objects will survive 4 x 109 years. The perihelia of these survivors are raised to a point where gravitational interactions with Neptune are weak.
Here, we examine the diffusive dynamics of scattered disk objects with large perihelia. Extending the work of Torbett (1989) and Torbett and Smoluchowski (1990), we show that the borders of the chaotic region of the scattered disk, in semimajor axis and eccentricity, are only approximately described by lines of constant perihelion. Indeed, at larger semimajor axes the chaotic zone extends to larger values of perihelion. This alters the type and range of scattered disk orbits believed to be accessible through diffusive dynamics. Extending the work of Wisdom (1980) and Malyshkin and Tremaine (1999), we show that the chaotic zone associated with the scattered disk results from the overlap of high-order mean motion resonances.
This research has been supported in part by the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics program.
[Previous] | [Session 11] | [Next]


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LENOX -- Noël Coward's uproarious farce, "Private Lives" will heat up Feb. 14 through March 30 at the Elayne P. Bernstein Theatre at Shakespeare & Company.
A special Valentine's treat, the Valentine's Brunch, an annual event will return on Sunday, Feb. 16. Visit www.shakespeare.org or call the Box Office at (413) 637-3353 for further information and to book a Valentine's Brunch and show packages.
Considered one of the greatest comedies ever written and overflowing with sizzling repartee, Noël Coward's Private Lives charts the follies of a divorced couple, Elyot and Amanda, who are honeymooning with their new spouses in the South of France. By chance they meet across adjoining hotel balconies, and rekindle their former tempestuous relationship without concern for scandal, their new partners, or any memory of what drove them apart in the first place. As the plot gets hot, it becomes apparent that while Elyot and Amanda cannot live without each other, they clearly can't live with each other either. When the affair is discovered, the two wronged spouses, Sybil and Victor, turn up the heat even more leaving audiences with a brilliantly funny Coward-esque twist.
Artistic Director Tony Simotes brings together an ensemble of Company artists, including Annie Considine, Dana Harrison, Adam Huff, David Joseph and newcomer Elizabeth Cardaropoli.
Tickets: $15 to $50, and a wide range of discount options, including discounts for groups, students, senior citizens, military, teachers and a special 40 percent Berkshire resident discount are offered.
To view a complete schedule, receive a brochure, or inquire about discounts, call the box office at (413) 637-3353 or visit www.Shakespeare.org.


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Battlerock GalaxyEntrance fee: 12 Stars
Mission 1: Battlerock Barrage
Your first task is to collect Star Bits. Hop along the metal plates and get each one, then continue to the Pull Stars & Launch Star. You'll be launched over to more metal plates. Use the purple robot as a springboard to the upper platform, then use a spin attack on the blue screw on the top.
The platform will begin moving, and you'll have to take a slow-moving ride through the gauntlet of electric gates and cannonballs. Use the top, bottom and even the rim of the platform to avoid getting hit. Before long, the line will end and you can jump onto another stationary platform with others ahead.
Again, keep your eyes forward so you know what move to make beforehand.
You must lure the Bullet Bills on the far end into the cages on the platforms. Of course, you've seen the Star by now, so you know which one to hit, but the others also have Star Bits and coins to collect. At any rate, get a Bill to come after you, and lure it to the Star's cage. One hit will be all you'll need to free the Star.
Mission 2: Breaking into the Battlerock
You start again on the metal platforms, and now you get to learn the nuances of tossing Bob-ombs. Grab one from the dispensers and toss them at the cages on the platforms. Wait for them blow up and release Star Bits, or the Launch Star at the far end.
You'll arrive at a planet made up of colored orbs, landing right next to a caged Luma on the red orb. Run down to the green orb and grab a Bob-omb, then run it back up to the cage. Let it go, blow up the cage and the Luma will turn into a Sling Star for you. Jump up with it, then spin into the midair Launch Star.
Start running as soon as you grab that Bob-omb!
Hidden Star
Battlerock's Garbage Dump
A Hungry Luma on the yellow orb wants 30 Star Bits. If you're short, grab the Rainbow Star in the cage at the other end and mow down the Chomps. Feed the Luma and it will create the garbage dump planet. Launch there and accept the task for the cleaning bot: toss Bob-ombs into the garbage piles to blow them up before time runs out. Throw the bombs in between the piles to blow up more at once, and you should be successful enough to earn a Star for your trouble.
The star will take you to a dangerous Pull Star field. The danger comes in the mines floating in between the stars. With the bonus mushrooms and coins around, you'll have to be careful if you want to get them. Otherwise, continue to the other end and position yourself on the next Launch Star.Enter the pipe on the inside of the Battlerock port to enter the facility. A Luma is trapped in a bouncing crystal, and you'll have to fire Mario into it to rescue the Luma. A large cage guards the cannon, but the nearby Bob-ombs are "active" and running around. Spin into them to neutralize them, then grab one and toss it up to the cage before the bomb explodes. Then, hop into the cannon hole and wait for the right moment to fire. If you break the entire crystal in one shot, great! If not, you'll fly to the other end and have to do the same thing with the Bob-ombs -- not a big deal. The Luma will turn into a Launch Star, so immediately shake the Remote to launch after freeing the Luma.
Mission 3: Topmaniac and the Topman Tribe
Once again, get through the series of metal platforms, using Pull Stars to get through the middle of the section and through another little minefield, then run to the Launch Star. On the next planet, a Luma is trapped inside an electrified field, and a Topman enemy is sliding around nearby. Spin-attack into the Topman before it has a chance to spin into you. If you can, push it into one of the electric beams. It will be destroyed and the Luma will be freed, transforming into the next Launch Star.
Break the middle crate on the next planet and head inside the pipe for another gravity-switching platforming sequence. It's more straightforward than the one on Good Egg, but still a bit challenging. Don't rush through -- especially when you start running along the ceiling -- and you should do fine.
You can get to the top of this wheel as it turns by wall-jumping near the top then running forward once it's tilted enough.
At the end, you'll come out in a big round arena with one of those circle-beam shooting robots. Carefully jump over (and then on top) of it to reach the Sling Star that takes you to the ceiling elevator. That will take you to a smaller room with another electric field and two Topmen. Bump both of them into the beams to lower the field and send yourself out to the next Launch Star. Mario escapes the Battlerock and lands on the underside of a UFO-looking planet. Avoid more electric beams as you make it to the topside. A Luma running a Luma Shop offers either a 1-Up or Super Mushroom for 30 Bits (we suggest the Super Mushroom). Then jump up to the center platform and duel with the Topmaniac.
BOSS: TopmaniacTalk about easy! All you have to do is jump on top of Topmaniac each time the big button on him is flashing to retract his blades, then lure him towards the electric beams -- since he runs away from you, that's no problem. Then simply bump him into the beams. The wrinkle in this is that you'll contend with the regular Topmen spinning around, but they don't hang around too closely to Topmaniac. Three jumps and three bumps into the electricity should take care of Topmaniac.
You could defeat the tiny Topmen first, but they're slow to catch up, so don't worry about it.
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text: Design, style, innovation, and hospitality in Emilia Romagna Premier Hotels is an hotel group born in Emilia Romagna who made of style, design and innovation the keys to his success in the world of hospitality. We are able to satisfy every desire from the beach holiday up to meetings and events in the beautiful setting of Palazzo dei Congressi Milano Marittima. We are very pleased to announce that the luxury 5-star Hotel Waldorf in Milano Marittima is now awarded as part of the Condé Nast Johansens Collection. From business travel in our Cityhotels of Ravenna and Bologna, to the meeting and weekend dedicated to art exhibitions, events and visits to amusement parks such as Mirabilandia and the Parks of the Riviera. We are engaged 365 days a year so that our guests can stay in our hotels with the best comfort and have a pleasant memory of their stay. Welcome to Premier Hotels


text:
A blood replacement drive on behalf of 19-year-old Ariel Briceno will be held on Saturday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the home of Frank and Roxie Bruno, 262 Citrus Road, River Ridge.
Ariel is the son of Lillian Trejo and Pete Uria. A 2009 graduate of Brother Martin High School, Briceno,who lives in Kenner, was diagnosed with with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in December 2009.
Since 2009, Briceno has received over 126 components of blood, both red blood cells and platelets.
All blood types are needed for Saturday's drive. Organizers say the goal is to have at least 40 donors on Saturday.
To donate blood you must be in good health, be at least 17 years of age and weigh a minimum of 110 pounds.
Also, 16-year-olds who weigh at least 130 pounds can also donate when presenting a signed Blood Center parental consent form. Go to www.thebloodcenter.org to download a copy.
For more information, call the Blood Center's Metairie donor center at 504.887.2833.
All donors should eat and drink plenty of fluids before donating blood.
Email Eva Barkoff at firstname.lastname@example.com


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The body of a 54-year-old man who was reported missing by his wife Wednesday night was found floating in a pond behind an Avon apartment complex on Chester Road early this morning.
According to reports, the man's wife told police he had left that night around 7 p.m. to walk his dog and had not returned by 10 p.m.
According to a police report officers were dispatched to the Village of Avon Apartments to perform a welfare check and to search for the missing man just before 10:30 Wednesday night. Police located the body in a pond at the apartment complex and called for medical assistance.
The man was transported to an area hospital where he was pronounced dead.
The man's name has not yet been released and cause of death has not been identified. Police do not suspect foul play in his death.
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text:
Do Americans like their art and artifacts better than their burgers and lattes?
"There are more museums in the U.S. than there are Starbucks and McDonalds – combined" Christopher Ingraham, wrote in the Washington Post.
"There are roughly 11,000 Starbucks locations in the United States, and about 14,000 McDonald's restaurants. But combined, the two chains don't come close to the number of museums in the U.S., which stands at a whopping 35,000."
Visitors to the Smithsonian Institution's Air and Space Museum on the Mall in Washington, D.C., can tell you that there's a McDonald's in the museum food court and they have pretty good coffee too.


text:
FEMA trailer divides neighbors in Slidell
Monday, December 20, 2010 7:35 PM
Inappropriate photo? Alert us.
Photo by Art Traylor III Art Traylor III said he pointed his camera through windows of his neighbor's house in Slidell to document the poor job he said Freddie Kron was doing renovating Hurricane Katrina damage. He also took pictures through Kron's windows to show the home's condition before renovation began, he said.
Related articles
- FEMA trailer divides neighbors in Slidell December 23, 2010, 6:00 PM


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POMEROY - No one was hurt in a fire that destroyed a house Tuesday morning at 306 Seneca St., Pomeroy.
The house belonged to John Lamfers and Tonya Klein, according to a representative from Equity Gateway LLC., which is listed as the deed holder with the Calhoun County Assessor.
The Pomeroy Fire Department was paged at about 5:50 a.m., said Manson firefighter Frank Sousa. The Manson, Jolley, Knoke and Rockwell City fire departments also responded to the blaze.
Article Photos
Firefighters from Knoke and Pomeroy are seen tending to the remains of a house fire Tuesday morning in Pomeroy. Four fire departments responded.
"When they got here at first, it was in the basement," Sousa said.
"It wasn't but two or three minutes and it was in the second floor," said Kelly Bachman, Pomeroy fire chief.
"It was fully engulfed for a while. We kind of went into defensive mode, trying to protect the houses," Sousa said.
Two men who declined to give their names identified themselves as brothers who lived at the home. They said they got the three children out of the home to a neighbor's house, and saved their vehicles, but other than that have lost everything. Their dogs were killed in the fire, they said.
Manson firefighter David Hoeppner also said no one was hurt in the fire.
"They got out. They noticed it right away," he said.
The house had been two stories, Sousa said. All that was left standing was part of one wall.
The official cause of the fire will be determined by the fire marshal's investigation, Bachman said.
Hoeppner said the initial call indicated the fire began with a corn burning stove, and had started in the basement.
The garage was partially burned, but still intact. The neighboring house to the south had some siding melt on the closest wall.
Frigid temperatures and a strong northwest wind made the work difficult for the fire teams.
"The wind kind of fought us," Hoeppner said. "This was just a bad situation. If it wouldn't have been for the wind, we would have had a chance."
Ice froze on the firefighters' clothing and equipment, especially on the south side of the house, where they had to spray into the wind.
Hoeppner showed how his breathing mask became caked with ice and unusable.
"I was going to try to put it on on the south side, I'd just taken it off from being up in that window, and I couldn't get the netting to bend enough to get it on," he said. "Luckily the smoke had died down enough by then."
More than one Pomeroy fire engine was damaged by the cold, Bachman said.
"I think our pumper's broke. (It froze) before we even got here, and that was four blocks," he said.


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The English statute usually so designated is the 25th of Edward III, St. 4 (1350-1), otherwise termed "The Statute of Provisors of Benefices", or anciently "Statutu de p'visoribs" or "Lestatut de revâcons & pvis".
This was among the statutes incidental to the "long and angry controversy" [to quote Dr. Lingard, "The History of England" (London, 1883), III, 349] between the English kings and the Court of Rome concerning filling of ecclesiastical benefices by means of papal provisions "by which the Pope, suspending for the time the right of the patron, nominated of his own authority, to the vacant benefice " (op. cit., II, 416), the papal nominee being called a provisor.
The resulting possession by Italians of church livings in England provoked at one period during the thirteenth century acts of lawless violence (ibid.). Pope Gregory IX (1227-41) pronounced against the propriety of such provisions as interfered with the rights of lay patrons (ibid., 417). And Pope Innocent IV expressed, in 1253, general disapprobation of these nominations (ibid., 419).
From the recitals of "The Statute of Provisors" it appears that the bestowal by the pope of English benefices and ecclesiastical possessions "as if he had been patron or avowee . . . as he was not of right by law of England ", and his "accroching to him the seignories" was complained of as not only an illegal injury to the property rights of particular patrons, but also as injurious spiritually and economically to the community in general. The holy church of England, " seinte eglise d'Engleterre ", was said to have been founded by the sovereigns and the nobles to inform them and the people of the law of God and also to make hospitalities, alms, and other works of charity in the places where churches were founded, and possessions assigned for such purposes to prelates, religious, and other people of holy church; and these purposes were said to be defeated by this granting of benefices to aliens who did not, and to cardinals who might not, live in England "and to others as well aliens as denizens". Certain of the economic evils had been dealt with by a Statute of Edward I (35 Edward I, St. 1, c. 1, 1306-07), forbidding alien priors or governors of a religious house to impose charges or burdens on their houses and forbidding abbots, priors or other religious to send out of the kingdom any tax imposed on them. But the "Statute of Provisors" recites that the evils complained of in the petition leading to this Statute of Edward I still continue, and "that our holy father, the Pope " ( Notre seinte piere le Pape ), still reserves to his collation benefices in England, giving them to aliens and denizens and taking first fruits and other profits, the purchasers of benefices taking out of the kingdom a great part of its treasure. The Statute, therefore, enacts that elections of bishops shall be free, that owners of advowsons shall have free collation and presentment, and that attempted reservation, collation, or provision by the Court of Rome shall cause the right of collation to revert to the king.
Later Statutes are 27 Edward III, St. 1, c. 1; 38 Edward III, St. 2; 3 Richard II; 7 Richard II, c. XII; 12 Richard II, c. XV; 13 Richard II, St. 2; 16 Richard II, c. 5, and finally in the parliament of 1400-1, the Statute 2 Henry IV, c. 3, c. 4.
Concerning adverse legislation of the Council of Trent respecting provisions, see BENEFICE.
The Catholic Encyclopedia is the most comprehensive resource on Catholic teaching, history, and information ever gathered in all of human history. This easy-to-search online version was originally printed between 1907 and 1912 in fifteen hard copy volumes.
Designed to present its readers with the full body of Catholic teaching, the Encyclopedia contains not only precise statements of what the Church has defined, but also an impartial record of different views of acknowledged authority on all disputed questions, national, political or factional. In the determination of the truth the most recent and acknowledged scientific methods are employed, and the results of the latest research in theology, philosophy, history, apologetics, archaeology, and other sciences are given careful consideration.
No one who is interested in human history, past and present, can ignore the Catholic Church, either as an institution which has been the central figure in the civilized world for nearly two thousand years, decisively affecting its destinies, religious, literary, scientific, social and political, or as an existing power whose influence and activity extend to every part of the globe. In the past century the Church has grown both extensively and intensively among English-speaking peoples. Their living interests demand that they should have the means of informing themselves about this vast institution, which, whether they are Catholics or not, affects their fortunes and their destiny.
Copyright © Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company New York, NY. Volume 1: 1907; Volume 2: 1907; Volume 3: 1908; Volume 4: 1908; Volume 5: 1909; Volume 6: 1909; Volume 7: 1910; Volume 8: 1910; Volume 9: 1910; Volume 10: 1911; Volume 11: - 1911; Volume 12: - 1911; Volume 13: - 1912; Volume 14: 1912; Volume 15: 1912
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