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The Detroit Free Press's George Sipple notes that the Red Wings have had a helluva time trying to kill penalties of late as the Wings gave up 3 power-play goals in their loss against Dallas, and the Washington Capitals' home power play makes winning today's special teams battle (Detroit plays in Washington at 12:30 PM ET on FSN/WXYT) a huge priority:
January 31, Detroit Free Press: The Wings worked on their penalty kill in practice Friday. They have the worst penalty kill on the road in the NHL (73.6%), and the Capitals rank fourth on the power play at home (24.5%). Forward Alexander Ovechkin and defenseman Mike Green are tied for the team lead with 10 power-play goals, and forward Nicklas Backstrom has eight.
"We're trying to get this penalty kill sorted out," said Kris Draper. "It's frustrating for the guys involved. Our power play does a great job, we're playing better 5-on-5, but our penalty kill is killing us right now. Guys that go out there, it's a concern and want to fix it. Tomorrow, we're talking about as talented a group (the Capitals) as you'll see out there."
As the Washington Times' Corey Masisak notes, the Capitals have special teams issues of their own:
January 31, Washington Times: The Caps have allowed at least one power-play goal in nine consecutive games. Meanwhile, Washington's own power play - a strength for much of the season - has cooled.
"Special teams sometimes are streaky things," Caps forward Brooks Laich said. "You get really hot on the power play, and the same is true with the penalty kill - you can kill 20 in a row when things are working and guys are paying the price. ... We just have to get back to doing that."
The more pressing concern of the two is probably the penalty-killing problems. Seven of the past eight goals the Caps have allowed occurred with the team down at least one man. Washington's penalty-killing ranks 24th in the NHL at 78.5 percent. Caps coach Bruce Boudreau said it is not a tactical problem or an issue with effort, but the team has gone more than two games without allowing a power-play goal only once this season and never more than four in a row.
"That's the million-dollar question right now," Caps center Boyd Gordon said. "I don't know. Obviously, it's got to be a lot better. I think we just have to bear down and we have to get it done. It seems like we take a penalty at just the wrong time, and we're pretty fragile with it right now."
The Caps have been shut out on the power play the past two games - 0-for-11. That could change, though, because Boudreau wants to lobby the league to change defenseman Mike Green's goal against Boston to a power-play marker because he says the score came with one second left on the man advantage, but the TD Banknorth Garden scoreboard operator ran off two extra seconds after the goal.
"We haven't really had consistency," Green said. "We've had maybe a stretch of six games where we've been good, but we need to put together a full month where we are consistently good."
As the Washington Post's Tarik El-Bashir notes, the Capitals (who have lost their past two games--and the link goes to my previous Wings-Caps scouting report) spent Friday's practice tweaking their PP and PK, including significant time breaking down their deficiencies on video. The Caps hope that the return of Tom Poti from a groin strain will help them on both specialty teams fronts:
January 31, Washington Post: "Obviously Tom is a guy who has killed in this league and is a veteran guy that we've relied a lot on," said [assistant coach Dean] Evason, who oversees the penalty kill. "Anytime a penalty kill is good, you to have a steady, rock of a guy back there."
While the Capitals' seeming inability to stay out of the penalty box -- they've taken the fifth-most minor penalties in the league -- has exacerbated the problems, the fact remains that the penalty kill has not often enough been able to bail them out when down a man or two. The unit has yielded at least one power-play goal in each of the past nine contests and has plummeted to 24th in the league. The most common failure has been the inability to clear the puck when it's on a player's stick, which leads to long shifts, tired legs and, ultimately, goals against.
Although the Red Wings have lost four in a row (0-3-1), their vaunted power play converts at a staggering 27.7 percent rate.
That's where Poti's experience, stick skill and cool under pressure should provide a major boost. Poti averages 4 minutes 17 seconds of short-handed ice time per game, 36 seconds more than David Steckel. With Poti back in the lineup, the Capitals will have their full complement of players for the first time since Nov. 6.
Bashir points out that even though Tomas Holmstrom (groin), Henrik Zetterberg (back spasms), and Jiri Hudler (sore foot) might miss tonight's game, the Capitals aren't counting out the Wings' power play:
[E]ven if all three are out, Detroit's power play remains stout thanks to two of the best offensive defensemen in the game, Nicklas Lidstrom and Brian Rafalski, and forwards Pavel Datsyuk, Marian Hossa and Johan Franzen up front.
The Red Wings "make it tough for the goalie to see the puck, and they get such good shots from the point -- they shoot around guys," Steckel said. "And they've got two skilled guys off to the side of the net. They can beat you any which way they want to. So we have to make sure we're sacrificing the body and getting pucks down 200 feet."
The Red Wings, who sport an ugly 0-3-and-1 record over their last four games, feel the same way, as MLive.com's own Ansar Khan and the Detroit News's Ted Kulfan point out:
January 31, Detroit News: The Capitals enter the game with the third-best record in the Eastern Conference (30-15-4, 64 points, one point behind the Devils), and have some of the league's best young players in forwards Alex Ovechkin, Alexander Semin and Nicklas Backstrom, and defenseman Mike Green.
The Wings haven't won in four games (0-3-1) and only twice in the last seven (2-3-2). The sense in the locker room Friday seemed to be, "Enough is enough."
"No one is real happy in this room," Red Wings coach Mike Babcock said. "This is too long now. They (the Capitals) played us real tough last season and they'll be ready, so we'll have to be ready for them."
Babcock drilled the Red Wings on the penalty kill Friday after they gave up three Stars power-play goals in a 4-2 loss Thursday night.
"We have to get it fixed," Babcock said. "We'd have one guy moving and three watching. We have to move as a group of four and be aggressive."
"That's us making the mistakes and we can fix it," forward Kris Draper said. "We haven't been as good as we've wanted from start to finish of a game."
The Wings told the Windsor Star's Dave Waddell that they're plain old peeved regarding their collective and individual performances of late:
January 31, Windsor Star: "It's more desperation we need," said Zetterberg, the Wings' centre won't play but skated by himself for the first time since suffering back spasms Tuesday. "When it's close games, end of the games where we're up a goal or down a goal, we're real desperate. We know what to do and how to do it. When we do it right, we're good. If we're letting off a lit bit in a few situations, teams will score. We need to pay more attention and play with more pride." ... "We've had a tough time playing good hockey for 60 minutes," Zetterberg said. "We play bits and pieces. A five-minute period we're good and then we're bad for 10. Then we're down two goals and we play really good for 25 minutes. I don't know why it is. I don't know if it's a mental thing that it's tough to get ourselves going. I have to say when we play desperate and in need of doing something good, most of the time we do it."
Dan Cleary said the Wings are playing a dangerous game of only raising their play when threatened.
"We seemed to respond well to big games," Cleary said. "That tells me something, but come on it's time here. We're at Game 49 with eight, nine weeks left in the season. A lot teams we're playing are playing for their playoff lives and we have to start meeting the other team's intensity for us to win games.
Damn straight.
Cleary continued...
"We have to get our enthusiasm up, our will, our competitiveness. I know these are tough days, but we've always found a way to get around it. It feels like we've kind of gone back to the backs against the wall let's play (mentality). That's the feeling I'm getting. I thought we were getting away from that the last 10 games."
As Waddell notes, Ville Leino, Justin Abdelkader, and possibly Derek Meech (if Hudler can't go) will all play today, and coach Babcock admittedly is looking for both energy and a challenge to his current players in inserting the three into the lineup. Cleary understands as much...
"These young kids we have in Grand Rapids are good players," Cleary said. "Having kids come up is always good. It keeps everything fresh and adds a lot of enthusiasm and energy. A good hard, young player (Abdelkader) is going to be good for us."
And coach Babcock expects his team to seriously step it up today:
"We need a bounce-back game," Babcock said. "We're at four (losses), we've to to get it stopped. No one is very happy in this room with the way we've been. This is too long now."
Finally, we head back to Sipple's story for the Wings' take on minimizing the damage done by the Capitals' biggest superstar:
January 31, Detroit Free Press: Stopping Ovechkin, who is second in the NHL with 31 goals, will be a challenge.
"It doesn't matter what the score is, he wants to keep scoring," said Draper. "The way he shoots, the way he gets open ... everything's a quick release. He's just an unbelievable hockey player. These are the kind of hockey players you get excited to play against."
Lidstrom agreed: "He's got that great shot. He can get it off quick, too. He's a strong skater ... he takes it hard to the net, too. He plays the game hard. He's not afraid to finish checks or play hard."
As previously noted, Ty Conklin gets the nod in net against Jose Theodore today, and again, per the Red Wings' website's slate of game notes, Paul Devorski and Tom Kowal are slated to referee today's game, with Brian Murphy and Pierre Racicot working the lines.


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BIRMINGHAM, Alabama --Birmingham's director of personnel has admonished city employees against double dipping on the city's dime.
In a recent memo to city workers, Personnel Director Peggy Polk stressed rules against non-hourly employees leaving their regular jobs to take extra work at other city facilities for overtime pay.
In addition, Polk said hourly workers may take leave time from their regular job to work outside city assignments. Outside assignments include work at Legion Field and Crossplex.
"Some of you are of the mindset that you can come in for a few hours, leave and go work somewhere else for extra money," Polk wrote in the memo obtained by AL.com/The Birmingham News. "That is entirely incorrect. Because you are still being paid for the hours that you are working extra at Crossplex, the City of Birmingham is essentially paying you twice for the same hours."
Exempt are among the city's highest paid, including political appointees. Non-exempt workers include a variety of workers including laborers in the Public Works Department. Non-exempt workers are allowed to work extra jobs, but only after officially taking time off with supervisor permission, according to the memo.
City officials including Polk and Chuck Faush, Mayor William Bell's chief of staff, have since downplayed Polk's notice, calling it a reminder more than a warning.
"With all of the recent activity at Crossplex and the upcoming football season at Legion Field, it was necessary to remind employees of our policies regarding working extra assignments," Polk said in a response to AL.com. "Therefore, a memo was sent out to all employees to insure no policy violations would occur."
City workers may also earn "special event pay" while working activities declared such by the mayor. Those events are limited to a few, officials said, including the Magic City Classic and the BBVA Compass Bowl.
The city has spent more than it budgeted for overtime so far this fiscal year, which ends June 30. The city has spent $9.2 million in overtime, which is $3.2 million more than budgeted.
Departments that have the highest excesses in overtime are: Fire Department, $1.05 million; Police Department, $975,958; Public Works, $763,765; Parks and Recreation, $114,135, Information Management, $95,857; Museum, $71,147 and state fairgrounds budget remains on schedule in spite of the overages in overtime.
The overtime, he said, is offset by savings in other departments.
"Year-to-date we are right on budget," he said. "Specifically with overtime we are over budget in that category, but it's made up by savings in other categories."
He said the highest overtime in police and fire is due to workforce shortages in those departments.
"With the workforce being lower, that necessitated more overtime," he said.

subset: commoncrawl


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Home › Great Gifts › Golden Apple Awards
By GreatSchools Staff
Ages 6-8, $39.99 (interactive U.S. map $19.99, books $9.99-$13.99 each)
Looking for a high-tech way to bring the written word to life for your little reader? With the much-lauded Tag Reading System, all it takes is the click of a pen.
In this case, the pen is a camera-enabled reader that identifies words and symbols in books and other products specially made by LeapFrog. So, for example, if your budding Lewis (or Clark) uses the device on the interactive U.S. map, he or she will hear facts and stories about state capitals, landmarks and natural wonders, wildlife — even how kids across the country live, eat, and play. Or your child might use it as a more traditional reading aid for such classics as The Little Engine That Could (there's a library of more than 40 books and games to choose from), reading page by page or sounding out tough words. Bonus: The pen is capable of storing up to 10 audiobooks for on-the-go enjoyment.
Bottom line: Kids can master the basics of reading with this anything-but-basic pen.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 20, 1976
|Filing date
|Feb 11, 1974
|Priority date
|Feb 11, 1974
|Publication number
|Campbell L. Searle
|Original Assignee
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (60), Classifications (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention concerns an electronic auditorium simulator or a similar simulating system for use with transducers that are closely positioned to the respective ears of a listener and introduce sound to the respective ears of the listener without substantial interaction of the actual pinna of the listener. The "pinna" is the largely cartilagenous projecting portion of the external ear. In this context the term "auditorium" refers to any place desired to be simulated, not only a concert hall, but a coffee house, etc.
Among the objects of the invention are to provide a system which is realistic in effect and operable in the home using conventional players, receivers, and earphones.
According to the invention there are provided in combination a delay means for producing delayed versions of the signal to simulate predetermined sound paths in an auditorium (i.e., long delays of the order of 10 to 100 milliseconds), means for altering the delayed versions in accordance with the character, e.g. length, of the sound paths to be simulated, and a listener simulating means for producing, from the delayed and altered versions, outputs for the left and right transducers in the form of different, direction-signifying transforms in accordance with the effect of the listener being disposed in the respective sound paths being simulated.
Preferably the listener simulating means filters the signal for pinna effect as well as head shadow, the filter characteristics simulating pinna response at the supposed angle of incidence upon the listener of the simulated path. In certain preferred embodiments the filter characteristics are established differently for the left and right transducers to simulate differences in left and right pinnas.
Also, circuits can be added to the headphones to sense head position, and this information can then be used to change the direction-signifying transforms in accordance with the head motion of the listener.
For simulating side wall reflections, preferably a short time delay (e.g. less than a millisecond) simulates interaural time differences due to difference in position of the listener's two ears along the sound path.
To simulate a sound image of substantial auditorium stage width, reflected from a side wall, each transducer preferably receives delayed versions from each side of the simulated stage, with large delays differing in accordance with differences in the lengths of the paths of the signals to the listener, and with small additional delay and head shadow filtering for the shaded ear. In a particular system for approximating this effect, the delayed versions which produce the image pass through an attenuator for decreasing its energy on the basis of path length, thence to a reflection filter means, thence branching to respective transducers via respective listener simulating means.
To simulate a narrow or point source image reflected from a side wall, each transducer receives an equally delayed version from the source, varying only by small delay and head shadow filtering appropriate to the shaded ear.
Where the recordings or broadcasts are based upon widely spaced pickups, preferably an adapter adapts the signal streams to a two channel binaural input by means of combining the signals with added delay and shadow effects commensurate with those experienced by a listener near the stage. This adapter is useful both alone, to simulate direct paths to the listener from a wide stage, and for providing inputs to reflection simulating paths.
Where there is a two channel stereo input, preferably there are separate delays for the respective channels and a summing circuit for each transducer receives the delayed versions of the signal and adds them to an undelayed version. Also, in preferred embodiments the means for altering the delayed versions in accordance with the character of the sound path being simulated comprises an attenuator based upon the length of the path and a reflection filter based upon loss due to frequency-selective absorption at the reflecting surface. Preferably, also, the delay means comprises a tapped delay line, and the simulator is set to simulate the combination of direct sound and first order reflection from the side and rear walls and ceiling, etc.
The invention comprehends the re-creation of the sound of a concert hall using only a standard two-channel record-playback medium. The sound of the hall, or any other room is re-created by simulating the dominant reflections in the hall and by feeding them to the listener in a listener-modified way so that he perceives each reflection to come from its proper direction in space. There are two aspects to this. First, as is generally known, a given reflection is simulated by feeding the sound signal through an appropriate time dealy to represent a path length longer than the direct sound and through an appropriate circuit to represent 1/R attenuation and if desired, frequency-selective absorption by the reflecting surface, i.e., walls or ceiling. Second, following this, by use of the listener simulating means, the angle of arrival of the reflection at the head is simulated, preferably by passing the signal through an appropriate time delay and filter means to represent the three most important components of auditory localization: interaural time delay, interaural amplitude differences because of head shadow, and pinna cues. By this means, an exceedingly realistic concert hall experience is made possible.
Certain embodiments of the invention will now be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an auditorium together with a representation of certain reflected sound images;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2a-2h are graphs of head shadow-pinna effect response curves of a typical listener, for implementation by the circuitry of FIG. 2 while 2i illustrates sound-absorption characteristics of typical sound-reflective walls;
FIG. 3 is a plan diagrammatic view of the simulated effects of a 1st right wall reflected sound path upon a listener while FIGS. 3a and 3b trace through the auditorium the various sound paths of FIG. 3;
FIG. 4 is a side diagrammatic view of an auditorium illustrating 1st ceiling and back wall reflected sound paths while FIG. 4a is a side view for both back and ceiling reflections and FIGS. 4b and 4c are plan views illustrating ceiling and back wall reflections.
FIGS. 5-5b are views similar to FIGS. 3-3b illustrating 1st and 2nd order reflections.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram similar to FIG. 2, but with parts broken away, illustrating an adapter permitting use of standard recordings which are recorded with wide spacing of microphones;
FIG. 6a is a diagram of a listener position simulated by the adapter of FIG. 6;
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of another preferred embodiment in which simplifications are made by employing common reflection filters for sounds representing different parts of the same sound image;
FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a preferred embodiment concerned with a point or small source of original sound;
FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a preferred embodiment employing a monaural circuitry;
FIG. 10 is a view of apparatus similar to FIG. 6 dealing with more than two microphone pickups;
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a resistive attenuator used to simulate 1/R attenuation;
FIGS. 12-15 are circuit diagrams of the elementary filter circuits out of which pinna effect filters and reflection filters are constructed;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a bucket-brigade delay line used for short-time delays (less than 1 millisecond);
FIG. 17 is a block diagram of an analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog tapped delay line used for long-time delays (greater than 10 milliseconds).
FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a system employing a headmotion detector for further simulating the concert hall experience.
One simple way of visualizing the sound reflections in an actual concert hall is based on the fact that sound reflections obey similar laws to light reflections. Thus, imagine that the walls and ceiling of Symphony Hall were metalized and mirrow-like. Then a listener in the hall would see, from his vantage point, many Symphony Halls: some above him, some on either side, some in front, some behind, and some in the corners. The actual hall H and near images (ignoring the one from the ceiling for convenience of drawing) are shown in FIG. 1, i.e. HL (1st reflection left wall), HR (1st reflection right wall), HB (1st reflection back wall) and HF (1st reflection front wall). HRB 2nd reflection from right, then back wall is suggested by dashed lines.
Each of the reflections of sound from the orchestra can be represented as a "virtual image" of the "stage" part of the hall where the orchestra is. The simulators to be described enable the creation of sufficient of these virtual images to create a desired realistic effect.
These simulators have in common (1) two or more microphones to pick up the sound, (2) a stero (2 channel) record player or FM stereo receiver as the basic mechanism for bringing the sound to the listener, presumably in his home, (3) electronics for long time delays (10 to 100 milliseconds) to simulate the reflection path lengths, and (4) short time delays, (less than 1 millisecond) to simulate time delays associated with the spaced ears of the listener's head.
Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the signals from right and left microphones 10r, 10l placed in a pinna-less dummy head 12 are recorded on a two-track recorder 14 (or broadcast over a stereo FM station). On playback (or reception on an FM receiver) in the home, these two signals, r and l, represent the direct sound heard by the listener in the original hall. Thus, they only have to be modified by the pinna filters 18 to give the proper frequency response corresponding to 0 degrees azimuth, zero elevation. Appropriate filter response for pinna filters 18 and combination head shadow filter and pinna filter, 18, 28, are illustrated for a given pinna of a listener in FIGS. 2a-2h and are discussed below. In this embodiment the pinna responses for right and left ears differ. By such difference, the listener receives two distinctive pinna transformations of the signal, even when the signal comes from straight ahead, and these transformations are varied uniquely with angle of incidence in elevation and azimuth, in accordance with the characteristics of the pinna, thus providing a localization cue for the listener.
Because the direct sound of signals r and l are by definition to be uncorrupted by reflections, it is desirable to record the original sound with a minimum of echoes and reverberation. Thus, the dummy head with microphones is placed well forward in the recording hall. Also, drapes are employed to deaden the effects of the rest of the hall.
To represent the first reflection off the right wall, the reversed image HR of the stage off the right of the hall, FIG. 1, is created. This is accomplished by first delaying the right-stage sound by 20 msec. and the left-stage sound by 40 msec., by means of respective tapped delay lines 20. These signals are respectively attenuated in resistive attenuators 22 by an amount appropriate to the distance away from the image compared to the direct sound (1/R). Then each passes through a simple RC filter 24 designed to simulate the frequency-selective absorption characteristics of the right wall at the appropriate angle. For example, the high frequencies will scatter more off wall irregularities; thus the reflection will lose more high frequency energy than low, see typical curves FIG. 2i. This effect is simulated by the reflection filters 24. These three, longtime delays 20, 1/R attenuators 22, and reflection filters 24, in combination simulate one hall reflection.
To make the sounds representing this hall reflection appear to come from angles of say 35� to the right for the right-stage signal and 45� to the right for the left-stage signal (to reverse the image) each is fed to both the left and right ears, with proper interaural time delay corresponding to these angles, and via the head-shadow filter (for the shadowed ear only, in this case, the left ear), and via the pinna frequency response filters corresponding to these angles. For the given 1st right wall reflection these transforms are implemented by pinna filters 18 for the two ears and, for the shadowed ear, short time delay 26 and head shadow filter 28.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3-3b the resultant four signals are denoted by:
r IR for Er r IR for El l IR for Er l IR for El
where r and l denote right and left recorded stream, IR denotes 1st reflection right wall and Er and El denote right and left ear. In similar fashion, IC and IB denote 1st reflection ceiling and back wall (see FIGS. 4-4c) respectively and IILR and IIRL denote second reflection, left wall to right wall (see FIGS. 5a and 5b), and second reflection, right wall to left wall, respectively.
Each reflection to be simulated is treated in a way similar to that described above, with appropriate delays and responses as indicated in FIG. 2. Depending upon the effect desired, between 5 and 20 reflections may be simulated, including the first-order reflections off the side walls, the back wall, and the ceiling, and the dominant second-order reflections. The number of separate reflections to be simulated can be reduced by adding in a channel of "general reverberance" to each side, to represent sound that has undergone many reflections, and has lost all directionality. This may be implemented by reinserting a signal that has passed through the long delay back into the input of the delay in attenuated form.
Right and left summing circuits 30 serve to sum the respective direct and delayed versions of the sounds as shown in FIG. 2, and to apply these to respective earphones 32 (or loudspeakers or speaker assemblies placed close to the respective ears). These introduce the sound to the respective ears of the listener without substantial interaction of the actual pinna of the listener, and the listener depends only upon the signal with its various delayed attenuated and filtered components for achieving the realistic auditorium effect.
In constructing a simulator according to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the appropriate number of paths to be simulated will be determined by the engineer as a trade-off between the degree of realism to be obtained and the cost. Assuming a given path is chosen, the various parameters mentioned above can be readily determined. Thus the actual length of the path from sound source to listener in the hall being simulated can be measured, which sets the attenuating effect for the 1/R attenuator 22 as well as the tap point for delay 20. In FIG. 2 exemplary values are shown.
The absorption characteristics of the wall or ceiling surface involved, at the angle of the selected path, as is known, can be determined over the audible range of frequencies by measurement using known techniques. The respective RC reflection filter 24 is then constructed to produce this filter characteristic.
The interaural delay between the two ears is determined trigonometrically by the distance between the two ears along the given path, and the time it takes sound to traverse that distance. The interaural time delay will range between zero, for sound coming from front or back of the auditorium with equal path length to the two ears, to a maximum of 600 microseconds for sound coming from a side wall directly opposite one of the ears.
The head shadow and pinna effect response curves for the selected path can be determined by direct measurement by placing a small microphone in a subject's ear. Then the function of the pinna filter 18 and the head shadow filter 28 for a given sound path can be implemented in the form of a single filter circuit constructed to produce the respective response curve.
According to the invention it is realized not only that one person's pinnas are different from those of another person, but also a person's left pinna is physiologically somewhat different from his right pinna, so much so that its acoustical response is significantly different. The present inventor's acoustical research indicates that this difference between a listener's two ears, and the resultant different transforms they apply to the sound arriving at the ears provides a means by which humans can determine localization of the sound without previous knowledge of the nature of the sound to be heard.
In accordance with these findings, for most realistic simulation, the pinna response-head shadow response curves for the ears of a given listener are determined separately in advance by a series of measurements and these characteristics are either built into the circuitry, for an individualized device, or the pinna response filter portion of the device is made adaptive or adjustable to enable the matching of the response of the device to the pinna characteristics of the individual listener. In other circumstances, this feature may be compromised, as in the interest of cost, while still obtaining certain benefits, by establishing e.g. through measurement and averaging a pinna characteristic curve for use by an entire group of listeners.
For measurement of individual response, the following procedure may be employed: The subject is seated in an anechoic chamber, and a small speaker is mounted on a minimally reflecting boom such that it can be moved to almost any point on a hemisphere of radius 1.1 meter centered on the subjects's head. A small, high quality microphone (e.g. Thermo-Electron Model 526) is placed in the subjects's ear with the microphone diaphragm located approximately at the ear canal entrance. The oscillator signal from a Wave Analyzer (e.g. General Radio Model 1900) is fed through an amplifier to the speaker, and the microphone output is fed to a tracking filter and detector in the analyzer, and then to a chart recorder synchronized to the oscillator. With the subject's head restrained the sound source is then located at selected angles of elevation, and azimuth corresponding with the directions of the paths to be simulated at each such position the signal picked up by the microphone is analyzed and recorded. The curve of signal strength plotted against frequency thus represents a transform of the speaker signal attributable to the effects of head shadow (where present) and pinna response. FIGS. 2a-2h are a set of such curves.
Thus one-time measurement, to be conducted for each ear of the listener, determines the particular pinna responses head shadow responses for his ears, and is implemented in hardware for a set of pinna filters dedicated to this listener's use or employed to set the response of the individual listener or an approximation thereof into programmable filters, as noted above.
Referring more particularly to FIGS. 2a-2h this set of response curves is for a given subject's right ear taken with the speaker at 0� elevation (in the horizontal plane of the subject's ear) with selected angles of azimuth, where 0� is the direction faced by the subject, 90� is the position directly aligning the speaker with the ear containing the microphone and 270� is the position on the opposite side of the head.
It may be assumed that another such set of curves is produced for the left ear of the listener where the pinna disparity feature of the invention is employed. In instances where the same pinna is taken for both ears, the curves of FIGS. 2a-2h may again be employed for the left ear, keeping in mind that azimuth for the left ear proceeds counter-clockwise from the 0� direction.
______________________________________FILTER CHARACTERISTICS FOR RIGHT EAR (Er) Combined PinnaPath Azimuth Pinna Filter Filter 18 and 18 Head Shadow Filter 28______________________________________ r 0� FIG. 2alIL -35� FIG. 2hrIR +35� FIG. 2brIL -45� FIG. 2glIR +45� FIG. 2clIILR +58� FIG. 2drIIRL -58� FIG. 2flIIRL -63� FIG. 2frIILR +63� FIG. 2drIB 180� FIG. 2e______________________________________
By appropriate mearurement the response for the ceiling reflection, rIc (0� azimuth, 45� elevation) can also be measured and implemented.
FIG. 2 shows the sound recorded binaurally, with a dummy head and microphone spacing of about 6 inches. It is also possible to use the apparatus in FIG. 2 with standard stereo recording techniques, i.e. 20 foot microphone spacing D. For this purpose, referring to FIG. 6, an adapter 40 enables direct binaural sound to be simulated by adding to the direct sound signal recorded by one microphone, sound from the other channel as if it were received by the head 12 (see FIG. 6a) in a path from the other recording microphone, with appropriate delay and head shadow. This complete system could be used in conjunction with a standard stereo record or tape to simulate a concert hall performance, provided the original record or tape was recorded with minimum reverberation ("dry"), as is often the case.
In more detail the adapter comprises two short delay devices 42 defining a delay equal to the difference, for right ear Er, between the time of receipt of sound from right microphone 10r ' and the receipt of sound from left microphone 10l ', and vice versa for left ear El. It also comprises two head shadow filters 28 with a filter characteristic appropriate for right ear Er, to incidence at angle a of the sound from the left microphone upon the listener and for the left ear vice versa.
The series of delay 42 and head shadow filter 28 having an output to the left ear receives as input the direct signal r' from the right microphone, and vice versa. The outputs of these circuits are added at summing points 44 to the direct signal, then applied to the respective pinna filters 18, thence to summing circuits 30 as in FIG. 2.
In another instance, where it is desired to simulate binaural listening in open space, as in playing in a country field, the earphones or close speakers may be fed only the combination signals provided by the adapter 40, without addition of simulated reflections. In this case, too, the listener can perceive directionality of the sound, rather than having the common sensation of the source of sound being located internally of his head.
Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 7. Here the simulation of reflection has been simplified by combining several of the functions indicated separately in FIG. 2. For certain halls, the reflection of sound off the walls will be relatively constant over much of the wall surface and some compromise of the pinna and head shadow effects may be introduced. In these cases it will not be necessary to have separate relfection filters for each reflection off that wall. For example, to represent the first reflection off of the right wall, the left and right signals are delayed and passed through the 1/R attenuators as before, but then are summed at 50, and passed through one reflection filter 52, as shown in FIG. 7. The figure also shows that this arrangement reduces by a factor of two the number of short-time delays, head shadow filters, and pinna filters. As a further embodiment along these lines the wall reflection filter 52 may be omitted for situations where the effect of absorption may be neglected, as where there is a trade off in favor of lower cost, or the absorption effect of the particular wall material being simulated is small or is substantially constant in effect over the frequency range of interest.
For recording sessions in which the performers occupy only a small part of the stage, or more accurately, where the performing group subtends only a small angle (20� or so) at the microphones, then in each reflection the performers can be approximated as a point source center stage. A system appropriate for such situations is shown in FIG. 8. The same general pattern of signal processing is followed as in FIG. 2, but here because it is not necessary to preserve the left and right sides of the stage in the reflected image, but only the center, no cross-connections are required.
Considerable simplification of the hall reflection simulation, but not the head simulation, results if the reflections are processed monaurally rather than in two channels. Such a realization is shown in FIG. 9. The left and right signals as recorded are still fed binaurally to the ears to represent the direct sound. However, to simulate hall reflections, the left and right signals are added, and this sum is fed into one 100 msec delay. A number of 1/R attenuators and reflection filters are used to complete the hall simulation, then the processing for each ear as before, i.e. short time delay, head shadow filter and pinna filters, is used to represent the effects of the head.
In certain recording situations it may be desirable to use more than two microphones to obtain satisfactory separation and coverage. This might be the case if the stage were particularly wide, and the angle subtended by the stage at the dummy head discussed above were very large, say greater than 120� . FIG. 10 shows a way of using multiple microphones with the proposed simulator. The signal from each microphone is sent to both tracks of the tape recorder to create a simulated binaural tape. This is accomplished by passing the microphone signal through appropriate delays and attenuators as detailed in FIG. 10, in a manner similar in principle to that discussed with reference to FIG. 6. The resulting pseudo-binaural signal is then processed by any of the methods described above, for example, by the processor in FIG. 2.
It is well known that head motion provides the listener with important cues about localization of sound in space. Also, it is well known that standard binaural recordings are not usually externalized by the listener. Rather, the sound appears to be coming from within his head. According to another feature of this invention, the direction-signifying transforms are modified in accordance with the head position of the listener. To accomplish this, the head motion of the listener is sensed by any standard method (say for example an accelerometer and associated circuitry). This motion information is then used to appropriately change the pinna filters 18 and/or the short time delay units 26. Specifically, if the listener's head moves by ten degrees to the left, then the two direct images (1 and r) and all hall reflections must be shifted ten degrees to the right as received by the listener. Thus for example in the embodiment of FIG. 2 each pinna filter must be modified to correspond to an angle 10 degrees larger in azimuth than that shown in the diagram. A corresponding change of 30 μs must be made in all time delay units, 26, except that the 30 μs change must be added or subtracted depending on the quadrant that the hall relection is coming from. Corresponding small changes in head shadow 28 would also be made.
Referring to FIG. 18, an accelerometer 150 is secured to the head band of the earphones and generates signals representing head motion. These signals are fed to logic circuitry 152 which generates control signals 154 to change the responses of the pinna filters 18 and the head-related time delays 26. For example, if the listener's head turned by 10 degrees to the left the filter 18 for the path rIR for the right ear as indicated in FIG. 2 would have its characteristic changed from that shown in FIG. 2b to that shown in FIG. 2c. Similarly the time delay for the left ear, produced by delay 26, would be changed from 270 μs to 360 μs, and similarly throughout the system.
In a similar manner, head motion can also be included in the other embodiments discussed above, i.e., FIGS, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
Electronic circuity used in the preferred embodiment is diagrammed in FIGS. 11 through 17.
A representative attenuator circuit such as the one used for 1/R attenuators 22, is shown in FIG. 11, consisting of a pair of input terminals 110, 112, a pair of output terminals 114, 116 and two resistors 118, 120 of resistance R1 and R2 respectively. The input terminals are connected across resistor 118 connected in series with resistor 120. Output terminal 116 is connected directly to input terminal 112 and output terminal 114 is connected to the common connection of resistors 118 and 120.
In operation a voltage Vin which is to be attenuated is applied between terminals 110 and 112. A resulting current I flows through resistors 118 and 120 of magnitude ##EQU1## The voltage across resistor 120, which is the output voltage, is determined by the current flow through resistor 120 and is given by ##EQU2## By setting the values of R1 and R2, Vout can be adjusted to any value between Vin and zero and thus may be set to represent a known 1/R loss.
The filters used as head shadow and pinna filters 18, 28 are constructed as series and parallel combination of several basic building block filters shown in FIGS. 12 through 15. Each of the building block filters is an active filter, that is, an operational amplifier is included in its components. Since each of these circuits is well-known and since the analysis of all of them is similar, only the circuit of FIG. 12 will be described. FIG. 12 shows a representative two-pole low-pass filter. It includes input terminals 130, 132, two resistors 134, 136 of equal value R, two capacitors 138, 140 of values C1 and C2 respectively and an operational amplifier 142 with gain of one as well as output terminals 144, 146. Input terminal 132 and output terminal 146 are connected directly. Resistor 134 is connected to input terminal 130 on one end and to resistor 136 and capacitor 138 on the other. The second end of resistor 136 is connected to capacitor 140 and to the input terminal of operational amplifier 142. The second end of capacitor 140 is connected to input terminal 132. The second end of capacitor 138 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier 142 and to output terminal 144 of the filter.
In operation a signal is applied across input terminals 130, 132. In the absence of the feedback loop including capacitor 138, resistors 134 and 136 and capacitor 140 would form a voltage divider network which is dependent on frequency. The operational amplifier 142 draws no significant current into its input terminals but transfers the voltage at point 148 to the output terminal 144. The voltage at output terminal 144 is fed back through capacitor 138, with operational amplifier 142 providing the necessary current. This current adds energy to the network and at d-c voltage compensates for the inevitable losses due to current flowing through resistors 134, 136, which permits a loss-less response for d-c voltages. By appropriate choice of the values R, C1 and C2, the filter may be adjusted to have either a flat response with frequency, a sharp cut-off, a flat time-delay response or some optimum combination of these. Design of such filters, choice of the parameters and combination of them to achieve various response curves is discussed in the Aug. 18, 1969 issue of Electronics.
The delay lines used for short-time delay lines 26 are of the "bucket-brigade" type. A representative section of a bucket-brigade delay line is shown schematically in FIG. 16. MOS transistors 152, 156, 162, and 166 are connected in series with the drain of each transistor connected to the source of the next transistor along the line. The gate of alternate transistors are connected to clock lines 160 or 170 respectively. The input terminal is 150 and the output terminal 180 for this section of delay line. A square wave at the clock frequency is applied to line 160 and a second square wave at the same frequency, but 180� out of phase with the first square wave is applied to line 170. The parasitic gate-drain capacitances 154, 158, 164, 168 are deliberately made large and serve as the storage units for each transistor, 152, 156, 162, 166 respectively.
In operation, a signal is applied to input terminal 150. At the same time the clock voltages are applied to lines 160 and 170. Each cycle of the clock samples the input signal. During one-half of a cycle, transistors 152 and 162 are turned on simultaneously and transistors 156 and 166 are turned off. The voltage at terminal 150 charges capacitor 154 through transistor 152. The voltage across capacitor 158, if any, charges capacitor 164 through transistor 162. During the next one-half cycle of the clock, transistors 152 and 162 are turned off and transistors 156 and 166 are turned on. The voltage on capacitors 154 and 164 now charge capacitors 158 and 160 through transistors 156 and 166 respectively. This cycle repeats and the voltage, originally at input terminal 150 progresses down the line until it reaches output terminal 180. The length of time needed for the signal to start at input terminal 150 and reach output terminal 180 is equal to the inverse of the clock frequency times one-half the number of transistors in the line. Delay lines can be constructed to produce variable delays by tapping the line of transistors at regular intervals. Additional detail may be found in Electronics, Feb. 28, 1972.
Circuitry used for long-time delay lines 20 is shown in block diagram form in FIG. 17. The delay line is comprised of input terminals 190, 192, a sampling circuit 194, an analog-to-digital converter 196, a shift register 198 and several digital-to-analog converters 200 together with several output terminals 202-210 and a clock signal input terminal 212.
In operation a signal is applied between terminals 190 and 192. The first part of the clock signal into clock signal input terminal 212 activates the sampling circuit 194, a gate which allows the signal to be applied to the analog-to-digital converter 196 and the amplitude of the signal is converted into a digital word and is stored in shift register 198. The second part of the clock signal deactivates the sample circuit and moves each stored word in shift resister 198 one location from the input side to the output side. Then the cycle repeats itself. Stored signal amplitudes progress through the register at a rate determined by the clock frequency. Certain storage locations, corresponding to time delays desired by the user, are tapped and each time a new word enters those locations, the word is converted from digital to analog form and appears at that one of the output terminals 202-210 which corresponds to the time delay created by the progression of the signal from the input to that storage location. The technology of such time delay lines is well-known.
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|U.S. Classification
|381/310, 381/74
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Jersey City's plan to hire an outside company to collect debt owed to the Municipal Court is among the items up for discussion at tonight's City Council caucus.
The council may also discuss a request to grant up to $175,000 more to two attorneys handling the city's attempts to acquire the Sixth Street Embankment. One of the two resolutions authorizing the increased payments says the action is necessary "due to the complexity" of the lawsuit.
The city had previously said a settlement with Conrail was on the horizon. An Aug. 15 memo to the council from Corporation Counsel Bill Matsikoudis says he's "reasonably optimistic" that settlement can be reached, adding that "our position in the litigation has improved."
The council may also discuss an item -- on the agenda for its regular Wednesday meeting -- that would award a $63,000 contract to DMR Architects to help plan the relocation of the city's Department of Health and Human Services to 394 Central Ave.
DMR was previously a defendant in a case the city brought against firms that worked on the Municipal Court building on Summit Ave. The suit, later settled, claimed the firms had done such a shoddy job on the facility that the city had to reconstruct portions of it. DMR denied responsibility.
Tonight's caucus begins at 5:30 at City Hall, 280 Grove St. The public is invited to attend, but public comment is not permitted.


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Oak Harbor rolls in quarterfinals | Youth football
The Oak Harbor youth football senior division team continued its undefeated season with a 33-8 thumping of Lakewood in the quarterfinals of North Cascade Youth Football League tournament Saturday, Oct. 26, at Fort Nugent Park.
Oak Harbor (9-0) faces Bellingham Red (7-2) in the semifinals at 11 a.m. Saturday, Nov. 2, at Mount Vernon High School.
Oak Harbor won a 33-32 thriller over Bellingham Oct. 19.
In the win over Lakewood, Oak Harbor received scores from Mac Carr, Joe Johnson and Mac Nuanez.
Three first-quarter touchdowns and "great defense," according to head coach Marcus Carr, set the tone for the day.
"Our defense was led by Thomas Lawless, Andrew Miller, Jayden Robinson and Caleb Johnson to name a few," Marcus Carr said. "It was a complete team effort as all the boys played hard."
He added, "The assistant coaches were the key to this victory as they had our boys well prepared on both sides of the ball."
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From homelessness to the honor roll
Warren Fontenette calls Ginny Fulmer, Communities in Schools family liaison, a blessing to his family. He credits Fulmer and the program she supports for helping his family transition from homelessness to a family that is surviving with children, who are now thriving in the Renton School District.
"Thank God I had somebody like Miss Ginny," Fontenette said. "She's really a blessing to me, you know. With this program it's really needed, you know. Anybody like me when their backs against the wall, this program really helped; they don't have this down south."
Fontenette and his wife Elnora and their three children drove up from New Orleans to the Renton area without jobs, in shorts and tank tops and not much more than they could fit in their car. Having lost his job in New Orleans, Warren wanted to move his family to Washington state for a better life. The family stayed with a family member in Renton that wound up not having very safe or legal activities at their home. So the Fontenettes made the tough decision to live out of their car, while they tried for a better life.
The Fontenette's youngest child attends Campbell Hill Elementary School. One day Principal Zakariya Palsha noticed that the student – who is not being named for privacy reasons – needed some new clothes. When Palsha mentioned this to Warren, the conversation turned into a frank discussion about the family's living situation. Palsha referred the now homeless Fontenettes to the school's Communities In Schools program.
Fulmer is the school's family liaison and she was able to connect the Fontenette family with resources and education about the Renton area and services here. Through Communities in Schools, the Fontenettes receieved school supplies, clothing vouchers, coats, a weekend food program for the kids, holiday assistance, personal hygiene items and small household items.
"Oftentimes when we work with people it's not that they need us doing stuff all the time for them forever," said Sue Paro, executive director, Communities in Schools of Renton. "They just need a foot up; they need somebody to believe in them, somebody to offer some supports and then things start happening."
Both parents now have good jobs; the family has an apartment and the children have gone from straight Fs to the honor roll. Fulmer counts the family as one of the organization's success stories that Communities in School's can claim involvement in that success.
In a recent report, Communities in Schools found continued improvement in statewide graduation rates. With a student dropping out of school every 26 minutes in America, the organization claims they are the best dropout prevention tool.
"Poverty, language barriers, homelessness, and poor health all play a part in limiting the ability of a child to even see, much less pursue their potential," said Susan Richards, state director, Communities In Schools of Washington, in a new report titled "Changing the Picture in Washington State."
"Our school-based site coordinators give them a hand up, hope for the future, and the confidence to get them walking down a path towards success," she said.
The basic needs the Fontenette family required are typical of the more than 100 cases Fulmer is working with at Campbell Hill and Cascade elementary schools.
"The needs that they're describing to you of homelessness, that's all real," said Fulmer. "Even if you take out the homeless factor, the basic need support; it's rampant, not just on this hill, but in this district. And it's not just in this district, it's in the state and then the nation."
Paro estimates that of the 7,000 students Communities in Schools of Renton serves about 200 are homeless. Also more than 800 students and their families were the focus of a family or academic liaison.
The report notes that 97 percent of students felt better about themselves and more positive about the future because of their involvement in the program and 95 percent of secondary students served were promoted to the next grade level. It also found that 91 percent of parents or guardians said their ability to help their child succeed in school increased.
"They took the information and made sure it was going to work, period," said Fulmer of the Fontenette family. "But do we have successes like this, yes."
Communities in Schools of Renton is currently seeking board members to help guide the work of the organization. Those interested should contact Sue Paro at 425-430-6656 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
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South Carolina's own Candice Glover won season 12 of American Idol Thursday night.
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HUNTSVILLE, Alabama – Bill Kling was 34 years old and working as a planner with the Top of Alabama Regional Council of Governments when he was first elected to the Huntsville City Council.
Twenty-six years later, Kling said he remains energetic and passionate about serving the neighborhoods of southwest Huntsville and the medical district. On Tuesday morning, Kling announced his plans to seek a seventh consecutive council term.
Qualifying for the Aug. 26 municipal election does not open until July 1, but city government watcher Jackie Reed says she will challenge Kling for the District 4 council seat. This will be her sixth attempt to unseat Kling.
Kling, 59, announced his re-election bid in the driveway of his Governors Place home. No friends or family or political handlers.
He said he wanted to keep the announcement simple to emphasize that this will be a "meat and potatoes" campaign focused on street resurfacing, slowing down speeding traffic in neighborhoods, more parks, a growing economy and city government transparency.
"I'm very energized, very motivated to get out and do an active door-to-door campaign effort," said Kling. "I like the close contact with residents of the district."
Kling said one of his favorite recent accomplishments is sponsoring a budget amendment that requires Huntsville to spend two-thirds of its annual repaving dollars on neighborhood streets. And he said he's excited to see young families moving into Lowe Mill, Merrimack Mill Village and the medical district subdivisions near downtown.
"Look at Birmingham, Mobile, Montgomery – everybody is fleeing the inner central areas of the city to the suburbs," he said. "Our central area of the city is a nice, desirable place to live."
If re-elected, Kling said he wants to clean up the Patton Road area to create a more attractive "front door" from Interstate 565 to Redstone Arsenal; accelerate construction of a long-planned Huntsville bypass; and get started on a $100 million overhaul of John Hunt Park and new city sports complex along Triana Boulevard.
"Those things bring quality of life," he said.


text:
Stamping Bella Petunia Has A Party Cling Stamp
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text:
Editor's note: The South Jersey Top 15 ranks schools in the Olympic Conference, Tri-County Conference, Colonial Conference and Cape-Atlantic League.
Gloucester Catholic remains in the top spot after finishing second at the Bishop Gorman Easter Classic in Las Vegas last week, despite being no-hit in the final by the host school.
There seems to be little embarrassment for even a team as good as the Rams to fall to the Gaels and Joey Gallo, Nevada's top high school player, an LSU commit and a potential first-round draft pick this summer. Rams coaches said he was throwing between 94-96 mph and topping out at 97 against Catholic, walking four and striking out nine.
The Washington Township train has kept on rolling, and the team captured its second straight Grand Slam Classic title with a surprising 12-0 five-inning win over Millville. The Thunderbolts seemed to run out of pitching by that game, fresh off an eight-inning loss to Sacred Heart the day before. The Minutemen rotation is proving deeper than anticipated, and the Bolts could get better as the season progresses in that area.
Buena is playing early like a team that wants to defend its shocking Diamond Classic title from last year, but should get some decent tests this week, beginning Tuesday with No. 6 St. Augustine. Sacred Heart has won five straight after downing Millville, and Eastern hosted Cherokee Monday in a key Olympic American showdown.
1. Gloucester Catholic (7-2)
2. Washington Twp. (7-0)
3. Millville (6-2)
4. Buena (5-0)
5. Audubon (7-1)
6. St. Augustine (3-2)
7. Eastern (3-3)
8. Cherry Hill West (6-1)
9. Sacred Heart (6-1)
10. Cherokee (2-2)
11. Cherry Hill East (5-2)
12. Lenape (5-2)
13. Paul VI (3-1)
14. Hammonton (5-1)
15. Bishop Eustace (2-2)
Records through Saturday, April 14


text: According to Zags, Cleveland Melvin has chosen DePaul over RU. Austin Carroll has agreed to keep his commitment to RU. Frank Mitchell, a 6-5 forward from Hillsborough (N.J.) High, will walk on at RU. With the signing period ending Wednesday, Jerry Carino expects RU to add a couple of players.


text:
Tom Grant, noted jazz musician from the Portland area, will be performing on Saturday January 19th to benefit the Rex Putnam High School Band and Drum Line programs.
Tickets are tax deductible and 100% of the proceeds benefit the band programs!
This concert starts at 7:00 pm, and there are two ticket options:
1. VIP Tickets - there are only 50 of these. VIP tickets include:
Meet n' Greet with Tom Grant from 6:15 to 6:45
Hors Devours and refreshments
VIP Seating and Gift bag
Cost is only $50
2. General Admission
Auditorium general seating at 6:30
Concert starts at 7
Cost is $15
Advance tickets available for purchase - go here for more information and to purchase your tickets! http://www.nclack.k12.or.us/Page/17106


text:
URBANDALE - It took the Fort Dodge football team a little while to settle into their 2013 debut here Friday.
By the time the Dodgers did settle down and find a rhythm, homestanding Urbandale was long gone.
Junior Abdul Mansaray scored five times in the first 13-plus minutes of action, and the fleet-footed J-Hawks sped past Fort Dodge by a 63-21 count at a steamy Frerichs Field.
Head coach Matt Miller was worried his ballclub couldn't simulate the kind of speed in store for their opener during preseason camp. His concerns became a dizzying reality in the first half, as Urbandale darted up and down the field in an offensive blur before the Dodgers even knew what hit them.
"It was a pretty darn impressive performance by what I think will be a very, very good Urbandale squad," Miller said of the J-Hawks, a consensus Top-10 pick returning 15 starters from a group that went 7-3 a year ago. "Of course there were a lot of things we need to clean up and correct, but I don't want to take away at all from what our opponents did. They put on a clinic.
"They have some playmakers and some game-changers that, until they line up across from you live, you just can't prepare for that kind of quickness and burst. Some of their guys have another gear, another level, that we just couldn't match."
Fact Box
First Downs 11 22
Rushes-Yards 21-124 36-227
Passing 19-40-0 9-12-0
Passing Yards 176 228
Total Offense 300 455
Punts-Avg. 5-31.6 1-45.0
Fumbles-Lost 0-0 2-1
Penalties-Yards 11-80 4-30
Fort Dodge 0 14 0 7 - 21
Urbandale 21 21 14 7 - 63
Scoring Summary
Urbandale - Abdul Mansaray (9-yard run), 9:51 left first. Heston Steen kick.
Urbandale - A. Mansaray (20-yard run), 6:00 left first. Steen kick.
Urbandale - A. Mansaray (4-yard run), 3:13 left first. Steen kick.
Urbandale - A. Mansaray (54-yard pass from Logan Augustine), 11:45 left second. Steen kick.
Urbandale - A. Mansaray (4-yard pass from Augustine), 10:32 left second. Steen kick.
Urbandale - Toren Stewart (1-yard run), 6:19 left second. Steen kick.
Fort Dodge - Austin Halligan (7-yard pass from Andrew Stover), 3:16 left second. Kick blocked.
Fort Dodge - Sam Cook (56-yard run), 0:51 left second. Halligan pass from Stover.
Urbandale - Stewart (16-yard run), 8:18 left third. Steen kick.
Urbandale - Jared Plimmer (33-yard pass from Dylan Landess), 2:01 left third. Steen kick.
Fort Dodge - Cory Alexander (28-yard fumble recovery), 7:16 left fourth. Ethan Schwendemann kick.
Urbandale - Dady Mansaray (1-yard run), 2:08 left fourth. Steen kick.
Rushing - Fort Dodge: Sam Cook 13-136, Keegan Myers 2-5, Austin Halligan 2-4, Andrew Stover 4-(minus-21). Urbandale: Toren Stewart 10-71, Abdul Mansaray 5-54, Dady Mansaray 7-29, Dylan Landess 3-29, Ben Moss 1-21, Jared Plimmer 3-20, Logan Augustine 2-7, Kyle Heckinger 2-5, Logan Vance 3-(minus-9).
Passing - Fort Dodge: Andrew Stover 18-38-0-171, Johnny Bice 1-2-0-5. Urbandale: Logan Augustine 7-8-0-169, Dylan Landess 2-4-0-59.
Receiving - Fort Dodge: Brian Murman 5-45, Spencer Barber 2-39, Brandon Archibald 4-29, Sam Cook 2-28, Austin Halligan 4-23, Tristan Shaw 1-8, Zach Anderson 1-4. Urbandale: Allen Lazard 4-73, Abdul Mansaray 2-58, Solomon Cooper 1-38, Jared Plimmer 1-33, Toren Stewart 1-26.
There were 552 yards of total offense and eight touchdowns before halftime on a sweltering evening that saw 98-degree temperatures at kickoff. Dodger senior Andrew Stover attempted 32 passes in the first half alone - completing 16 of them for 162 yards - and sophomore Sam Cook cracked the 100-yard barrier thanks in large part to a 56-yard scoring run in the final minute of the second quarter.
While the fast-paced FDSH offense wasn't short on numbers, the defense simply had no counter for Urbandale's attack. Combined with eight first-half penalties and six dropped passes, and the Dodgers were way behind on the scoreboard despite holding their own on the stat sheet.
"We made a lot of very fixable mistakes, but they're the kind of errors that need to be taken care of in a hurry," Miller said. "We had way too many missed tackles, dropped balls, holding calls and procedure penalties. That's a lack of concentration and execution that we won't have the ability to just shrug off and overcome. They have to be all but eliminated.
"Look, I'm proud of our kids - especially the ones going both ways (on offense and defense). We're down 42-0 and it's almost 100 degrees. They could've thrown in the towel. They kept fighting, but this game isn't just about effort. Urbandale gave a great effort as well, but they also did most of the little things right and avoided the self-inflicted stuff that could've swung the momentum. Again, that's a credit to them for being so crisp and clean in Week 1."
Mansaray slipped through the Dodger defense for three touchdowns on the ground and two more on screen passes from returning senior quarterback Logan Augustine. Iowa State recruit Allen Lazard - a 6-foot-5, 204-pound three-year starter who is still being courted by Notre Dame, Stanford, Nebraska and Wisconsin - had four catches for 73 yards and a 66-yard punt return in the first quarter that immediately followed a stalled FDSH drive deep into J-Hawk territory.
Urbandale was nearly perfectly balanced offensively, with 227 yards on the ground and 228 more through the air.
Stover finished with 171 yards passing for the Dodgers, while Cook had 136 rushing. Seven different FDSH players caught balls thrown by Stover.
Senior linebacker Cory Alexander returned a J-Hawk fumble - one of the few miscues by the home team all night long - 28 yards for a score in the fourth period. Junior Austin Halligan had the other TD on a short pass from Stover.
Urbandale honored its Little League World Series qualifiers at halftime. The players were introduced individually on the track to a standing ovation.
The Dodgers return to action on Friday, facing Sioux City East in their home opener. The Black Raiders lost to city rival Sioux City Heelan last night, 27-22.


text: New Mexico's first flag, adopted on March 19, 1915, was one of the few state flags to incorporate the Stars and Stripes in its design. Another distinctive flag was adopted on March 15, 1925. Its ancient Native American sun symbol represents the state's perennial sunshine and pays tribute to the Zia Indian Pueblo. Red and yellow are the colors of old Spain, which once ruled the area.


text:
Clearogen Anti-DHT Acne Treatment Set
- Overview
- Features
- Hydrating Formulatio
- Time Released Actives
- Potent botanical extracts
- Best efficacy having low irritation factor
- High desired effects seen by patients
- Cleanser- Use once or twice daily. Rinse with warm water.
- Toner- Use once daily in the morning. After cleansing, dampen cotton applicator and apply in gentle strokes. Do not soak cotton applicator.
- Lotion- Use once daily at bedtime. After cleansing and toning, apply lotion over the entire face.
- About the brand
As featured in Dermatology Times, the leading newsmagazine for
dermatologists. Clearogen is recognized as the best over-the-counter anti-acne
formula based on proven ingredients for an effective treatment to clear up
existing acne and prevent new acne from developing. Clearogen addresses the real
cause of acne. Clearogen is effective against male & female puberty acne,
menstrual acne, stress induced acne, body acne and acne that has been
non-responsive to other products.
Most people don't realize that acne does not begin with clogged pores or bacteria. According to Dermatologists and skin researchers, the leading causes of acne are neither clogged pores nor bacteria. Although clogged pores and bacteria play a role in the development of acne they don't start it. The fact is that acne begins in the oil glands (sebaceous glands).
A hormonal byproduct called DHT (Dihydro-testosterone) found in both males and females stimulates the oil glands, resulting in excessive oil production. Normally the oil helps protect the outer layers of the skin, but when overproduced it can clog the pores. Oil builds up in the pores and provides the environment for bacterial growth. Bacteria digest the excess oil and trigger the body's immune system to destroy the bacteria, which results in visible acne (recognized as white heads, black heads, and blemishes)
As with all skin care products begin the regimen gradually to allow your skin to acclimate to Clearogen. If you have sensitive skin, initially apply Clearogen every other day for one week then continue with daily application. Before exposure to sunlight use a non-comedogenic UVA/UVB sunscreen.
Created by board certified dermatologist, Alex Khadavi MD, Clearogen is designed to help control and treat acne in 3 easy steps. This collection includes a cleanser, toner and lotion that work to inhibit DHT, a hormone that causes excess oil. Clearogen kills bacteria and soothes infection for smooth, clear skin.
My Daughter Loves ClearogenI Bought Clearogen for my daughter who wanted to get off Acutane, which worked, but she was afraid of side effects. After dropping Accutane her Acne returned. She has been using Clearogen products for several months and they have cleared up her acne without drying her skin. She looks great!Im an avid Folica user and Im very glad that I can now order all of my product and my daughters at one place. I too have already pre-ordered Clearogen.
Was this review helpful?(Yes)(No)Jan 2, 2007April / Seattle, WA
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The Best Acne Treatment!Im so glad to see Clearogen available on Folica!I am a 40-year-old female who has battled severe acne since I was 12 years old. I have tried everything on the market including accutane. The ONLY product that has worked for me is Clearogen. I highly recommend it. I had no side affects and quick results. I recently ran out of clearogen and tried some cheap over the counter treatments. I broke out immediately. I have recently pre-ordered more Clearogen. This is the best acne treatment ever! I have polycystic ovaries, which makes my acne even harder to treat. Clearogen always works for me.Thanks.
Was this review helpful?(Yes)(No)Dec 28, 2006April / Seattle, WA
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text:
State Should Mandate Drinking Driver Program For All Who Commit The Offense
February 9, 2014
In response to "State's Approach To DWIs Need to Expand" editorial in the Post Journal, January 24, 2014, as the Chautauqua County Drinking Driver Program Director, I am in full agreement that more......
should they also be made to wear the red letter "A" on the front of all their shirts & blouses?
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Their cars need to be impounded and sold after they fail their sobriety test. There should be no plea bargains and they should have to go to aa and stay sober for one full year. After this when they get a car again their licence plate should be pink so they are highly visible. If caught again they permanently lose their licence. If they are in an auto accident they pay all expenses related to it and they permanently lose their licence.
1 Agrees | 2 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
The Chief Thief speaks.Stick 'em up.Everyone I've ever heard of with a DUI is "MANDATED" to a DDP-Or JAIL if you can't get to the classes held in the middle of the county after your License is confiscated.Be sure to bring your financial portfolio to avoid being under MANDATED.Be sure to bring a list of your political connections-They hate to punish the 'connected' that don't deserve it.
1 Agrees | 1 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
If you haven't noticed, most of the DWI's are the ones with NO license...
5 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse »
hooray more revenue for our great state!
isn't there more money (& better results) in long term treatment?
bah to heck with that we're gonna take their driving privileges away!
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text:
Ayo I represents Queens
Yea, you already know, come on
You know what time it is
Ayo I represents Queens
Please, let em know
Ayo I represents Queens
Bam bam yea yea uh
Yo I represents Queens, I prop scenes up
(Verse 1 - Action Bronson)
Yea the cops set me up, tried to play Action
Good thing I'm like Peyton with the play action
Gold wagon need a diaper cause I'm shitting on em
No lying, engine like a retarded lion
Very special, twist pussy like pretzel
The driver named Fletcher
Sit in the back of the Cadillac stretcher
Maroon dash, air bloom when the platoon blast
Blue grass in the Jag playing jazz
Beige rider glove on my hand
Damn call me Bam Bam Baklava
Sell ten out the minivan like a soccer mom
Back flip out the eight
Doctor Octagon, Aqua Huaraches on
Put the fork in the pasta with the Shiitakes on it
Ain't a dime, get a move without Papi on it
Green paper, motherfuckers left sloppy for it
Come on, come on
Action Bronson kills another Statik Selektah produced beat.
This song is featured on DJ Funkmaster Flex`s new mixtape "Who You Mad At? Me Or Yourself?"


text:
Freeway faceoff
It's one of the strangest facts in Southern California sports. Since the Ducks joined the NHL in 1993, the Kings and Ducks have never made the playoffs in the same season. Well, if the playoffs started this morning — they don't, so don't panic — neither team would be among the top eight in the Western Conference. The Kings are ninth, one point ahead of the 11th-place Ducks (who have played three more games). Both teams come into the game struggling of late. The Ducks are 1-4-2 in their last seven — although they're coming off a 6-4 win over Phoenix on Saturday. The Kings have lost six of seven, but coach Terry Murray didn't put much weight behind the idea that a game against their rivals might bring some life out of the Kings.
MURRAY: "It should have been (Saturday) night, too. When you get into a bit of a hole, like we're in, every game should be able to create that kind of spark that you need. But the wood is wet, and the spark is not setting a fire right now. So we've got to take advantage of the games that are right in front of us right now. Anaheim is a big rival, and then we come back home for more. It's an opportunity. The opportunity is not easy, but we have to understand that hard work, and a competitive attitude, is what is needed to be brought to the game right now."
- No profanity, slurs or other offensive language. Replacing letters with symbols does not turn expletives into non-expletives.
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text:
The newest works from the House of Waterford Crystal include singular Symbols of Achievement presentation pieces, including this 2013 Newgrange Vase, from esteemed and beloved Designer, Jim O'Leary. The Waterford Symbols of Achievement pieces are the finest tribute imaginable for lasting recognition on monumental events and achievements. Jim O'Leary shares his love of Ireland with the world once again in the design of his New
Additional Information:
Measures 9"H x 5"W; 3.8 lbs. Made of crystal. For indoor use only. Made in Ireland.
Care Instructions:
When washing by hand, avoid using scouring pads and/or abrasive detergents. To prevent spotting, combine quarter cup ammonia with a mild lemon detergent. Rinse in clean water and air dry on a rack. Clean vases and decanters by filling them half-full with moderately hot water, a small amount of mild detergent, two tablespoons of white vinegar or ammonia and 1/2 cup uncooked rice. Swirl the rice around for a few minutes to remove residue. Rinse well with moderately hot water and air dry, upside down, on a rack.


text:
Passport to Panic - Evanne Ní Chuilinn Needs Your Help
The last time I went on holidays, I was pregnant.
I was only 7-10 weeks gone, and although I had the usual symptoms, I wasn't massively uncomfortable. Himself and myself went to visit my sister in Singapore, and then travelled around Malaysia. Once I got a nap in at some point during the day, I was tolerable, (I think). We also altered one of our trips that so a hiking trek in Borneo towards the end of our break became a 5 star hotel stay in Borneo… I wasn't complaining!
Fast forward one month, and I was away in Madrid, covering the European Equestrian Games for RTÉ. My nausea had taken a turn for the worse, and how the outtakes of my pieces to camera never ended up on Youtube I'll never know! There were a couple of dodgy takes – think Katherine Heigl in "Knocked Up". It got worse. I contracted shingles while in Madrid, and a planned relaxing week in the sun afterwards became my own private nightmare. Himself flew over to join me, but I couldn't leave the bed, except to grab the bucket. I was hospitalised hours after touching down in Dublin, and spent the next six months grappling with the symptoms of hyperemesis, which the shingles had induced. Like I said, nightmare.
Suffice to say, I am VERY excited to go on holidays this year! The little man who had me feeling so ill this time last year is here now, and we're about to take him on his first trip abroad. (That's assuming his passport arrives in the next 48 hours, but that's a story for another day).
I am not ashamed to say, that this week, I am looking – no, begging – for help. I have never travelled further than south Tipperary with the wee man before, and certainly not in the direction of 35 degree heat. What do I pack? How do I keep him cool? What if his ears pop on the plane? I have no idea where to start. I'm assuming he'll just wear a vest and a nappy every day. I'll get him to drink water, but how much will he need? I have a UV protected swimsuit for him, and a ring that he can sit into in the pool, but is pool water safe? And can we sit him under a parasol on the beach? If so, how come babies are supposed to be kept at 18 degrees? Is that just while they sleep? There's another pickle. To air con, or not to air con? Will he be too hot under just a fan at night? It was 36 degrees yesterday, so it's going to be hot hot hot. I have factor 50 sunblock, and swim nappies, but all of these practicalities could be seen to by a monkey. I need to cultivate an innate instinct over the course of the next 2 days. If any of you Irish mammies out there could shed some light on any or all of the above scenarios, I'd be eternally grateful. (Of course, all this could be pointless if that blasted passport doesn't arrive, tick tock tick tock).
Chat soon, I hope!
E x


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Salvatore Rossi is known to be associated with the Geno "John" Amato crime syndicate.
Salvatore Rossi also is a member of the Vincent Delveccio crime family and working in "Ricci" Crew.
Family Boss - Vincent Delveccio
Underboss - Giuseppe "Gus" Esposito
Consigliere - Stephano "Mouthpiece" Pazzi
Capo - Ido "Balls" Ricci
Soldier - Silvano "Mumbles" Giordano
Soldier - Palladino "Pally" Cantrelli
Soldier - Casto "Boilermaker" Bassegio
Soldier - Demetrio "DG" Grandinetti
Soldier - Zeno "Ratso" Rizzo
Soldier - Rocco "Bigs" Campeggi
Soldier - Modesto "Swaggs" Colissimo
Soldier - Nunzio "Nods" Marcaloni
Smilin' Sal is actually an ironic nickname. He is an imposing hulk of a man with a scar running down his left cheek from behind his ear to under his chin. His jaw is set in a permanent scowl and he doesn't like jokes of any kind. Smilin' Sal even intimidates police officers. He once convinced a cop to lower his weapon with a hard stare and a motion of his hand.
If you have any information concerning this person, please contact your local "G" MAN
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Current Time: 10/25/2016 06:48:33 Pacific Daylight Time (13:48 GMT)Last Updated: 2016-10-25T02:52:09Z on 10/24/2016 19:52:09 Pacific Daylight Time (02:52 GMT) Rendered From:UnknownCoordinates are in the WGS84 datum